For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 20, 2020 USDL-20-2132 

Technical information: 

 Employment: sminfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/sae 

 Unemployment: lausinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT — OCTOBER 2020

Unemployment rates were lower in October in 37 states and the District of Columbia, higher in 8 states, 

and stable in 5 states, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Forty-seven states and the 

District had jobless rate increases from a year earlier and three states had little or no change. The 

national unemployment rate declined by 1.0 percentage point over the month to 6.9 percent but was 3.3 

points higher than in October 2019. 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 32 states, decreased in 2 states, and was essentially 

unchanged in 16 states and the District of Columbia in October 2020. Over the year, nonfarm payroll 

employment decreased in 48 states and the District and was essentially unchanged in 2 states. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force and

unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. These data pertain to 

individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures

nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by 

where the establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 

methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note. 

Unemployment

Hawaii had the highest unemployment rate in October, 14.3 percent, followed by Nevada, 12.0 percent. 

Nebraska and Vermont had the lowest rates, 3.0 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively. In total, 26 states 

had jobless rates lower than the U.S. figure of 6.9 percent, 9 states and the District of Columbia had 

higher rates, and 15 states had rates that were not appreciably different from that of the nation. (See 

tables A and 1 and map 1.) 

In October, the largest unemployment rate decreases occurred in Illinois (-3.6 percentage points) and 

Rhode Island (-3.5 points). Rates declined over the month by at least 2.0 percentage points in an 

additional six states. The largest over-the-month jobless rate increase occurred in Kentucky (+1.8 

percentage points). (See table B.)
-2- 

Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia had unemployment rate increases from October 2019, 

the largest of which occurred in Hawaii (+11.6 percentage points) and Nevada (+8.3 points). (See table 

C.) 

Nonfarm Payroll Employment 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 32 states, decreased in 2 states, and was essentially 

unchanged in 16 states and the District of Columbia in October 2020. The largest job gains occurred in 

California (+145,500), Texas (+118,100), and Florida (+51,600). The largest percentage increases 

occurred in Alaska (+2.9 percent), Hawaii (+2.0 percent), and Louisiana and Wyoming (+1.2 percent 

each). Employment decreased in Wisconsin (-14,700, or -0.5 percent) and New Hampshire (-3,700, or 

-0.6 percent). (See tables D and 3.) 

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment decreased in 48 states and the District of Columbia and was 

essentially unchanged in 2 states. The largest job declines occurred in California (-1,369,400), New 

York (-1,015,500), and Texas (-499,200). The largest percentage declines occurred in Hawaii (-17.3 

percent), New York (-10.4 percent), and Vermont (-9.3 percent). (See table E and map 2.) 

_____________ 

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for October is scheduled to 

be released on Thursday, December 3, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 

Unemployment news release for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 18, 

2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). 
-3- 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on October 2020 

Establishment and Household Survey Data

BLS has continued to review all estimation and methodological procedures for the establishment survey, 

which included the review of data, estimation processes, the application of the birth-death model, and 

seasonal adjustment. Business births and deaths cannot be adequately captured by the establishment 

survey as they occur. Therefore, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program uses a model to 

account for the relatively stable net employment change generated by business births and deaths. Due to 

the impact of COVID-19, the relationship between business births and deaths is no longer stable. 

Typically, reports with zero employment are not included in estimation. For the September final and 

October preliminary estimates, CES included a portion of these reports in the estimates and made 

modifications to the birth-death model. In addition for both months, the establishment survey included a 

portion of the reports that returned to reporting positive employment from reporting zero employment. 

For more information, see www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm. 

In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period 

including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. 

Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not 

counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits. The length of the reference period 

does vary across the respondents in the establishment survey; one-third of businesses have a weekly pay 

period, slightly over 40 percent a bi-weekly, about 20 percent semi-monthly, and a small amount 

monthly. 

For the October 2020 estimates of household employment and unemployment from the Local Area 

Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program, BLS continued to implement level-shift outliers in the 

employment and/or unemployment inputs to the models, based on statistical evaluation of movements in 

each area's inputs. Both the Current Population Survey inputs, which serve as the primary inputs to the 

LAUS models, and the nonfarm payroll employment and unemployment insurance claims covariates 

were examined for outliers. The resulting implementation of level shifts preserved movements in the 

published estimates that the models otherwise would have discounted, without requiring changes to how 

the models create estimates at other points in the time series.

To mitigate distortions due to the complex relationships between level shifts in the household survey 

and covariate inputs to the state models, BLS retained the same modifications to the LAUS seasonal 

adjustment and smoothing procedures that had been introduced during the May 2020 cycle. Specifically, 

level shifts were isolated from the estimation of seasonal factors, and the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert 

Space filter was not used to smooth the seasonally adjusted estimates. It is anticipated that these 

modifications will be necessary for as long as complex outlier treatments are deemed necessary for the 

model inputs. 

The "Frequently asked questions" document at www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-

faq-october-2020.htm extensively discusses the impact of a misclassification in the household survey on 

the national estimates for October 2020. Despite the considerable decline in its degree relative to prior 

months, this misclassification continued to be widespread geographically, with BLS analysis indicating 

that most states again were affected to at least some extent. However, according to usual practice, the 

data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions 

are taken to reclassify survey responses. Hence, the household survey estimates of employed and 
-4- 

unemployed people that serve as the primary inputs to the state models were affected to varying degrees 

by the misclassification, which in turn affected the official LAUS estimates for October 2020. 

Household data for Puerto Rico are not modeled, but rather are derived from a monthly household 

survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Due to the effects of the pandemic and efforts to 

contain the virus, Puerto Rico had not been able to conduct its household survey for March or April 

2020. Since data collection resumed effective May 2020, the Puerto Rico Department of Labor has 

reported a misclassification in its household survey similar in nature to the misclassification in the 

Current Population Survey. 
-5- 

State Rate p

United States 1 ................................................ 6.9

Alabama ........................................................... 5.8

Alaska .............................................................. 5.9

Arizona ............................................................. 8.0

California .......................................................... 9.3

Delaware .......................................................... 5.6

District of Columbia ........................................... 8.2

Georgia ............................................................ 4.5

Hawaii .............................................................. 14.3

Idaho ................................................................ 5.5

Indiana ............................................................. 5.0

Iowa ................................................................. 3.6

Kansas ............................................................. 5.3

Louisiana .......................................................... 9.4

Maine ............................................................... 5.4

Maryland ........................................................... 7.8

Michigan ........................................................... 5.5

Minnesota ......................................................... 4.6

Missouri ............................................................ 4.6

Montana ............................................................ 4.9

Nebraska .......................................................... 3.0

Nevada ............................................................. 12.0

New Hampshire ................................................. 4.2

New Jersey ....................................................... 8.2

New Mexico ....................................................... 8.1

New York .......................................................... 9.6

North Dakota ..................................................... 4.8

Ohio ................................................................. 5.6

Oklahoma .......................................................... 6.1

South Carolina .................................................. 4.2

South Dakota .................................................... 3.6

Utah ................................................................. 4.1

Vermont ............................................................ 3.2

Virginia ............................................................. 5.3

Washington ....................................................... 6.0

Wisconsin ......................................................... 5.7

Wyoming .......................................................... 5.5

1

 Data are not preliminary.

p

 = preliminary.

Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different from that

of the U.S., October 2020, seasonally adjusted
-6- 

Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from September 2020

to October 2020, seasonally adjusted

September 2020 October 2020 p

Alabama ..................................... 6.7 5.8 -0.9

Alaska ........................................ 7.2 5.9 -1.3

Arizona ....................................... 6.5 8.0 1.5

Arkansas .................................... 7.2 6.2 -1.0

California .................................... 11.1 9.3 -1.8

Connecticut ................................. 7.7 6.1 -1.6

Delaware .................................... 8.3 5.6 -2.7

District of Columbia ..................... 9.0 8.2 -.8

Florida ........................................ 7.2 6.5 -.7

Georgia ...................................... 6.3 4.5 -1.8

Hawaii ........................................ 15.0 14.3 -.7

Idaho .......................................... 6.1 5.5 -.6

Illinois ......................................... 10.4 6.8 -3.6

Indiana ....................................... 6.3 5.0 -1.3

Iowa ........................................... 4.8 3.6 -1.2

Kansas ....................................... 5.9 5.3 -.6

Kentucky .................................... 5.6 7.4 1.8

Louisiana .................................... 8.0 9.4 1.4

Maine ......................................... 6.1 5.4 -.7

Massachusetts ............................. 9.8 7.4 -2.4

Michigan ..................................... 8.6 5.5 -3.1

Minnesota ................................... 5.9 4.6 -1.3

Montana ...................................... 5.4 4.9 -.5

Nebraska .................................... 3.6 3.0 -.6

Nevada ....................................... 12.5 12.0 -.5

New Hampshire ........................... 5.8 4.2 -1.6

New Jersey ................................. 6.7 8.2 1.5

New Mexico ................................. 9.9 8.1 -1.8

North Carolina ............................. 7.2 6.3 -.9

North Dakota ............................... 4.4 4.8 .4

Ohio ........................................... 8.3 5.6 -2.7

Oklahoma .................................... 5.4 6.1 .7

Oregon ....................................... 7.9 6.9 -1.0

Pennsylvania ............................... 8.3 7.3 -1.0

Rhode Island ............................... 10.5 7.0 -3.5

South Carolina ............................ 5.2 4.2 -1.0

South Dakota .............................. 4.1 3.6 -.5

Tennessee .................................. 6.5 7.4 .9

Texas .......................................... 8.3 6.9 -1.4

Utah ........................................... 5.0 4.1 -.9

Vermont ...................................... 4.3 3.2 -1.1

Virginia ....................................... 6.2 5.3 -.9

Washington ................................. 8.3 6.0 -2.3

West Virginia .............................. 8.6 6.4 -2.2

Wisconsin ................................... 5.4 5.7 .3

Wyoming .................................... 6.1 5.5 -.6

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-month 

change p
-7- 

Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from October 2019

to October 2020, seasonally adjusted

October 2019 October 2020 p

Alabama ..................................... 2.7 5.8 3.1

Arizona ....................................... 4.5 8.0 3.5

Arkansas .................................... 3.5 6.2 2.7

California .................................... 3.9 9.3 5.4

Colorado ..................................... 2.5 6.4 3.9

Connecticut ................................. 3.8 6.1 2.3

Delaware .................................... 4.0 5.6 1.6

District of Columbia ..................... 5.3 8.2 2.9

Florida ........................................ 2.9 6.5 3.6

Georgia ...................................... 3.2 4.5 1.3

Hawaii ........................................ 2.7 14.3 11.6

Idaho .......................................... 2.9 5.5 2.6

Illinois ......................................... 3.7 6.8 3.1

Indiana ....................................... 3.2 5.0 1.8

Iowa ........................................... 2.8 3.6 .8

Kansas ....................................... 3.1 5.3 2.2

Kentucky .................................... 4.3 7.4 3.1

Louisiana .................................... 5.2 9.4 4.2

Maine ......................................... 3.0 5.4 2.4

Maryland ..................................... 3.4 7.8 4.4

Massachusetts ............................. 2.8 7.4 4.6

Michigan ..................................... 3.9 5.5 1.6

Minnesota ................................... 3.3 4.6 1.3

Mississippi .................................. 5.6 7.4 1.8

Missouri ...................................... 3.4 4.6 1.2

Montana ...................................... 3.5 4.9 1.4

Nevada ....................................... 3.7 12.0 8.3

New Hampshire ........................... 2.6 4.2 1.6

New Jersey ................................. 3.7 8.2 4.5

New Mexico ................................. 4.8 8.1 3.3

New York .................................... 3.9 9.6 5.7

North Carolina ............................. 3.7 6.3 2.6

North Dakota ............................... 2.4 4.8 2.4

Ohio ........................................... 4.1 5.6 1.5

Oklahoma .................................... 3.4 6.1 2.7

Oregon ....................................... 3.4 6.9 3.5

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.6 7.3 2.7

Rhode Island ............................... 3.5 7.0 3.5

South Carolina ............................ 2.4 4.2 1.8

Tennessee .................................. 3.3 7.4 4.1

Texas .......................................... 3.5 6.9 3.4

Utah ........................................... 2.4 4.1 1.7

Vermont ...................................... 2.4 3.2 .8

Virginia ....................................... 2.7 5.3 2.6

Washington ................................. 4.0 6.0 2.0

West Virginia .............................. 5.1 6.4 1.3

Wisconsin ................................... 3.5 5.7 2.2

Wyoming .................................... 3.7 5.5 1.8

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-year 

change p
-8- 

Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from September 2020 to

October 2020, seasonally adjusted

September October

2020 2020 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,006,400 2,027,100 20,700 1.0

Alaska ........................................ 300,700 309,300 8,600 2.9

Arizona ....................................... 2,864,600 2,885,700 21,100 .7

Arkansas .................................... 1,226,200 1,235,900 9,700 .8

California .................................... 15,988,700 16,134,200 145,500 .9

Colorado ..................................... 2,667,000 2,688,100 21,100 .8

Connecticut ................................. 1,586,100 1,600,200 14,100 .9

Delaware .................................... 426,900 430,100 3,200 .7

Florida ........................................ 8,541,600 8,593,200 51,600 .6

Georgia ...................................... 4,468,500 4,493,500 25,000 .6

 

Hawaii ........................................ 532,100 542,600 10,500 2.0

Idaho .......................................... 757,800 763,200 5,400 .7

Indiana ....................................... 3,038,400 3,056,400 18,000 .6

Iowa ........................................... 1,502,200 1,512,800 10,600 .7

Kansas ....................................... 1,361,700 1,368,900 7,200 .5

Kentucky .................................... 1,827,300 1,838,200 10,900 .6

Louisiana .................................... 1,855,700 1,877,200 21,500 1.2

Maryland ..................................... 2,604,900 2,615,100 10,200 .4

Massachusetts ............................. 3,341,500 3,352,900 11,400 .3

Michigan ..................................... 4,017,500 4,033,400 15,900 .4

 

Minnesota ................................... 2,780,200 2,793,400 13,200 .5

Nebraska .................................... 999,700 1,004,200 4,500 .5

New Hampshire ........................... 631,600 627,900 -3,700 -.6

North Carolina ............................. 4,320,000 4,346,400 26,400 .6

Ohio ........................................... 5,191,500 5,222,300 30,800 .6

Oregon ....................................... 1,816,000 1,830,200 14,200 .8

Pennsylvania ............................... 5,603,300 5,622,100 18,800 .3

South Carolina ............................ 2,113,100 2,124,800 11,700 .6

Tennessee .................................. 3,002,500 3,027,100 24,600 .8

Texas .......................................... 12,272,600 12,390,700 118,100 1.0

 

Utah ........................................... 1,557,400 1,565,900 8,500 .5

Virginia ....................................... 3,864,800 3,898,800 34,000 .9

Wisconsin ................................... 2,782,400 2,767,700 -14,700 -.5

Wyoming .................................... 272,500 275,900 3,400 1.2

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-month change p
-9- 

Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from October 2019 to

October 2020, seasonally adjusted

October October

2019 2020 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,076,200 2,027,100 -49,100 -2.4

Alaska ........................................ 330,400 309,300 -21,100 -6.4

Arizona ....................................... 2,958,900 2,885,700 -73,200 -2.5

Arkansas .................................... 1,277,600 1,235,900 -41,700 -3.3

California .................................... 17,503,600 16,134,200 -1,369,400 -7.8

Colorado ..................................... 2,799,700 2,688,100 -111,600 -4.0

Connecticut ................................. 1,690,000 1,600,200 -89,800 -5.3

Delaware .................................... 466,500 430,100 -36,400 -7.8

District of Columbia ..................... 800,600 749,300 -51,300 -6.4

Florida ........................................ 9,000,800 8,593,200 -407,600 -4.5

 

Georgia ...................................... 4,630,100 4,493,500 -136,600 -3.0

Hawaii ........................................ 656,300 542,600 -113,700 -17.3

Illinois ......................................... 6,116,300 5,704,500 -411,800 -6.7

Indiana ....................................... 3,157,600 3,056,400 -101,200 -3.2

Iowa ........................................... 1,587,900 1,512,800 -75,100 -4.7

Kansas ....................................... 1,421,900 1,368,900 -53,000 -3.7

Kentucky .................................... 1,945,300 1,838,200 -107,100 -5.5

Louisiana .................................... 1,983,000 1,877,200 -105,800 -5.3

Maine ......................................... 638,200 589,200 -49,000 -7.7

Maryland ..................................... 2,765,300 2,615,100 -150,200 -5.4

 

Massachusetts ............................. 3,693,100 3,352,900 -340,200 -9.2

Michigan ..................................... 4,414,600 4,033,400 -381,200 -8.6

Minnesota ................................... 2,981,600 2,793,400 -188,200 -6.3

Mississippi .................................. 1,160,500 1,131,700 -28,800 -2.5

Missouri ...................................... 2,905,000 2,783,200 -121,800 -4.2

Montana ...................................... 484,600 470,200 -14,400 -3.0

Nebraska .................................... 1,030,100 1,004,200 -25,900 -2.5

Nevada ....................................... 1,422,500 1,305,300 -117,200 -8.2

New Hampshire ........................... 684,300 627,900 -56,400 -8.2

New Jersey ................................. 4,211,500 3,886,900 -324,600 -7.7

 

New Mexico ................................. 860,500 804,200 -56,300 -6.5

New York .................................... 9,798,800 8,783,300 -1,015,500 -10.4

North Carolina ............................. 4,584,600 4,346,400 -238,200 -5.2

North Dakota ............................... 438,600 410,400 -28,200 -6.4

Ohio ........................................... 5,575,900 5,222,300 -353,600 -6.3

Oklahoma .................................... 1,707,200 1,624,100 -83,100 -4.9

Oregon ....................................... 1,947,800 1,830,200 -117,600 -6.0

Pennsylvania ............................... 6,078,000 5,622,100 -455,900 -7.5

Rhode Island ............................... 504,700 468,400 -36,300 -7.2

South Carolina ............................ 2,202,500 2,124,800 -77,700 -3.5

 

South Dakota .............................. 442,500 428,400 -14,100 -3.2

Tennessee .................................. 3,135,900 3,027,100 -108,800 -3.5

Texas .......................................... 12,889,900 12,390,700 -499,200 -3.9

Vermont ...................................... 316,100 286,600 -29,500 -9.3

Virginia ....................................... 4,063,600 3,898,800 -164,800 -4.1

Washington ................................. 3,483,900 3,293,300 -190,600 -5.5

West Virginia .............................. 717,900 670,900 -47,000 -6.5

Wisconsin ................................... 2,972,700 2,767,700 -205,000 -6.9

Wyoming .................................... 289,500 275,900 -13,600 -4.7

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-year change p
Technical Note

Special technical note: This technical note describes the 

procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 

estimates from the CES survey and the LAUS program. Due to 

the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in 

this technical note have been modified. The modifications are 

briefly described in the box note of this news release. More 

information on the changes to the CES business birth-death 

model is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm. 

This news release presents civilian labor force and 

unemployment data for states and selected substate areas from 

the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program 

(tables 1 and 2). Also presented are nonfarm payroll 

employment estimates by state and industry supersector from 

the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 

4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state 

cooperative endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment—from the 

LAUS program

 Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment 

data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those 

used for the official national estimates obtained from the 

Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of 

households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program 

measures employed people and unemployed people on a placeof-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian 

noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. 

Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or 

profit in the reference week (typically the week including the 

12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in 

a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job 

from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, 

for such reasons as bad weather, labor-management dispute, 

illness, or vacation. 

 Unemployed people are those who were not employed during 

the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively 

looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week, and were currently available for work; people

on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be 

counted as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of 

employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is 

the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor 

force.

 Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District 

of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 

metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of 

California and New York State are produced using time-series 

models. This method, which underwent substantial 

enhancement at the beginning of 2015, utilizes data from 

several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state 

unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state 

of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los 

Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the 

balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State

are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and 

the balance of New York State. Estimates for the five additional 

substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria 

and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn metropolitan areas and the 

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami BeachKendall, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) 

and their respective balances of state are produced using a 

similar model-based approach.

 Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are

modeled using inputs from the CPS only and controlled to the 

national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their 

respective census division totals. Substate and balance-of-state 

estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to 

their respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling 

model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called real-time 

benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a 

monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A more detailed 

description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS 

upon request.

 Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment 

data for prior years reflect adjustments made after the end of 

each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population 

data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other 

data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical 

data for the most recent five years are revised near the 

beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January 

estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of timesseries models in early 2015, historical data were re-estimated 

back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994.

 Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the 

estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend, 

seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals 

of employed and unemployed people first are adjusted using an 

X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then 

are smoothed using a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space 

(RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of 

employed and unemployed people are summed to derive the 

civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 

calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. 

The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted unemployment 

rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published 

on the BLS website. 

 During estimation for the current year, the smoothedseasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are created 

using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from 

previous observations only. For annual revisions, historical data 

are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

 Area definitions. The substate area data published in this 

release reflect the delineations that were issued by the U.S. 

Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A 

detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment—from the CES program

 Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on 

establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay 
period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted 

at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; 

those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each 

payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal 

activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North 

American Industry Classification System. 

 Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment 

data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where 

possible these data are produced using a "weighted link 

relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month 

weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted 

employment is computed from a sample of establishments 

reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the 

current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by 

the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted link 

relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample 

size meets certain statistical criteria. 

 For some employment series, the sample of establishments is 

very small or highly variable. In these cases, a model-based 

approach is used in estimation. These models use the direct 

sample estimates (described above), combined with forecasts of 

historical (benchmarked) data to decrease volatility in 

estimation. Two different models (Fay-Herriot Model and 

Small Domain Model) are used depending on the industry level 

being estimated. For more detailed information about each 

model, refer to the BLS Handbook of Methods.

 Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted 

annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, 

derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by 

employers who are covered under state unemployment 

insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to 

adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and 

the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment 

for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process 

establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to 

measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the 

subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions 

is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/benchmark.pdf.

 Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are 

seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector level. 

In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total 

is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted 

supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted 

payroll employment total is independently adjusted. Revisions 

to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 

year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.

 Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted 

concurrently, using all available estimates including those for 

the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.

Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for 

the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous 

month’s final estimate in order to incorporate real-time 

estimates. 

 Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation 

procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each 

individual state. BLS independently develops a national 

employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to 

national totals. Because each state series is subject to larger 

sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, 

summing them cumulates individual state-level errors and can 

cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these 

statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" 

employment series, and cautions users that such a series is 

subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

 The estimates presented in this release are based on sample 

surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are 

subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is 

a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs 

by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, 

such as those which can be introduced into the data collection 

and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from 

sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from 

the specific estimation processes used.

 Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment 

rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are cited in the 

analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be 

statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. 

Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month 

generally are cited only if they have been determined to be 

significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 90-percent 

confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error 

measures for unemployment rates and over-the-month and 

over-the-year changes in rates are available at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. The underlying standard error 

measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state 

payroll employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector 

levels are available at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. 

Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

 Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the 

LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll employment from 

the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan 

divisions are available in the news release Metropolitan Area 

Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor 

force, employed people, unemployed people, and 

unemployment rates for approximately 7,500 subnational areas 

are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data 

from the CES program for states and metropolitan areas are 

available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. Information in this 

release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals 

upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay 

Service: (800) 877-8339.
LABOR FORCE DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Number Percent of labor force

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,247,981 2,264,223 2,272,635 2,251,834 61,210 125,855 153,338 130,329 2.7 5.6 6.7 5.8

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346,910 329,089 333,751 353,649 21,292 24,217 23,963 20,744 6.1 7.4 7.2 5.9

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,595,710 3,414,564 3,576,010 3,587,330 163,317 202,487 233,671 288,538 4.5 5.9 6.5 8.0

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364,178 1,343,186 1,344,120 1,331,750 48,278 99,517 97,320 83,203 3.5 7.4 7.2 6.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,485,335 18,657,538 18,668,686 19,277,819 753,978 2,086,688 2,065,840 1,786,461 3.9 11.2 11.1 9.3

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,150,928 4,935,823 4,942,500 5,075,620 221,872 807,501 765,523 622,079 4.3 16.4 15.5 12.3

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,175,067 3,087,775 3,121,150 3,138,736 80,241 205,774 199,830 201,577 2.5 6.7 6.4 6.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,926,753 1,866,403 1,898,596 1,852,413 72,458 150,815 146,371 113,847 3.8 8.1 7.7 6.1

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488,997 500,871 487,778 479,174 19,465 44,718 40,653 27,025 4.0 8.9 8.3 5.6

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411,867 397,554 399,638 398,053 21,769 34,137 36,024 32,759 5.3 8.6 9.0 8.2

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,423,379 10,144,626 10,123,478 10,109,447 297,948 742,688 731,394 659,265 2.9 7.3 7.2 6.5

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,391,613 1,359,250 1,397,541 1,340,617 27,905 102,133 174,154 118,981 2.0 7.5 12.5 8.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,138,363 4,926,114 4,946,197 5,091,317 161,890 282,138 313,535 231,453 3.2 5.7 6.3 4.5

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666,583 639,549 613,970 642,578 17,735 82,822 92,039 91,697 2.7 13.0 15.0 14.3

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888,897 896,515 919,040 914,195 25,422 37,497 56,144 50,278 2.9 4.2 6.1 5.5

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,435,480 6,316,526 6,345,115 6,237,585 236,208 695,027 660,816 425,916 3.7 11.0 10.4 6.8

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,711,520 3,609,608 3,661,959 3,516,926 122,755 448,785 440,906 281,729 3.3 12.4 12.0 8.0

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,389,444 3,356,226 3,348,571 3,341,300 107,383 214,570 209,504 167,701 3.2 6.4 6.3 5.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,754,370 1,624,524 1,637,890 1,632,850 49,307 101,735 78,746 58,512 2.8 6.3 4.8 3.6

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,491,710 1,499,273 1,470,181 1,517,304 46,780 103,537 86,464 80,037 3.1 6.9 5.9 5.3

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,083,132 2,008,842 1,900,652 1,963,461 90,295 149,990 106,340 144,397 4.3 7.5 5.6 7.4

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102,225 2,106,619 2,099,194 2,113,377 108,903 161,816 167,815 198,710 5.2 7.7 8.0 9.4

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693,661 677,695 683,394 677,128 20,526 47,230 41,919 36,820 3.0 7.0 6.1 5.4

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,273,101 3,243,971 3,085,846 3,153,141 112,443 228,298 234,289 246,423 3.4 7.0 7.6 7.8

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,834,887 3,548,646 3,763,963 3,608,349 106,619 403,441 368,925 268,514 2.8 11.4 9.8 7.4

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,941,513 4,914,058 4,840,824 4,860,135 190,527 425,223 414,850 266,403 3.9 8.7 8.6 5.5

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,165,422 2,073,626 2,020,593 2,107,882 86,898 199,339 200,602 131,572 4.0 9.6 9.9 6.2

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,123,561 3,111,751 3,061,012 3,013,994 101,771 230,631 181,932 137,359 3.3 7.4 5.9 4.6

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281,461 1,240,619 1,299,026 1,291,941 71,472 97,090 93,261 95,231 5.6 7.8 7.2 7.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,104,105 3,080,741 3,001,999 2,985,632 105,657 214,396 143,812 137,729 3.4 7.0 4.8 4.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535,978 533,234 534,990 536,114 18,757 30,984 28,856 26,253 3.5 5.8 5.4 4.9

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,038,333 1,038,528 1,034,631 1,029,640 31,242 41,438 37,495 30,876 3.0 4.0 3.6 3.0

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,551,903 1,495,350 1,547,922 1,545,399 57,238 199,428 192,884 185,498 3.7 13.3 12.5 12.0

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776,809 738,253 740,032 728,032 19,938 48,923 42,584 30,309 2.6 6.6 5.8 4.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,536,222 4,578,368 4,325,103 4,414,092 167,107 509,969 289,756 362,942 3.7 11.1 6.7 8.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960,159 896,708 953,957 925,167 45,627 101,957 94,402 74,792 4.8 11.4 9.9 8.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,527,899 9,496,930 9,158,406 9,086,003 371,247 1,186,672 886,306 868,780 3.9 12.5 9.7 9.6

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,059,691 3,992,492 3,847,114 3,818,770 147,688 638,767 535,963 504,265 3.6 16.0 13.9 13.2

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,104,706 4,832,024 4,896,048 4,934,260 186,472 312,674 351,834 310,292 3.7 6.5 7.2 6.3

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404,014 397,335 396,672 400,141 9,696 20,053 17,310 19,031 2.4 5.0 4.4 4.8

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,814,465 5,763,731 5,659,390 5,807,868 238,144 510,169 468,690 323,632 4.1 8.9 8.3 5.6

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,042,766 1,016,048 922,930 1,014,664 41,216 107,026 96,557 66,455 4.0 10.5 10.5 6.5

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,846,046 1,833,445 1,885,351 1,871,865 62,204 104,722 101,862 114,419 3.4 5.7 5.4 6.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,103,183 2,072,012 2,031,486 2,139,410 71,353 176,645 159,503 147,382 3.4 8.5 7.9 6.9

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,539,128 6,312,511 6,438,911 6,363,704 303,396 659,066 536,340 464,549 4.6 10.4 8.3 7.3

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556,922 540,376 559,740 541,314 19,313 69,524 58,642 37,802 3.5 12.9 10.5 7.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,383,056 2,421,059 2,383,641 2,386,684 56,244 154,809 125,120 100,333 2.4 6.4 5.2 4.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465,907 460,534 464,422 462,681 15,800 22,231 18,981 16,873 3.4 4.8 4.1 3.6

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,366,977 3,401,133 3,318,806 3,339,126 111,417 291,549 216,073 248,337 3.3 8.6 6.5 7.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,160,862 14,386,708 14,219,504 14,090,912 497,108 981,437 1,173,813 979,099 3.5 6.8 8.3 6.9

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,622,472 1,625,568 1,670,923 1,643,726 39,432 66,344 83,680 67,186 2.4 4.1 5.0 4.1

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340,685 324,286 322,951 320,724 8,263 15,439 13,835 10,180 2.4 4.8 4.3 3.2

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,444,122 4,351,449 4,292,284 4,276,695 118,459 266,411 267,683 227,229 2.7 6.1 6.2 5.3

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,946,416 3,957,192 3,928,267 3,989,038 158,912 333,649 325,959 238,617 4.0 8.4 8.3 6.0

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,742,724 1,728,291 1,714,866 1,702,047 46,374 126,436 117,920 81,953 2.7 7.3 6.9 4.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803,070 773,693 774,072 764,121 40,685 69,236 66,881 48,794 5.1 8.9 8.6 6.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,108,148 3,054,862 3,144,354 3,133,186 107,563 192,280 169,493 179,425 3.5 6.3 5.4 5.7

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292,785 292,304 294,249 295,341 10,885 19,195 17,850 16,284 3.7 6.6 6.1 5.5

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,066,792 1,037,830 1,041,260 1,040,462 88,536 86,123 87,465 85,905 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.3

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of

Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision

the following month.
LABOR FORCE DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

September October Number Percent of labor force

2019 2020 2019 2020p

September October September October

2019 2020 2019 2020p 2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,237,761 2,266,350 2,252,789 2,256,997 57,536 147,185 57,113 123,584 2.6 6.5 2.5 5.5

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348,825 334,515 344,605 351,548 19,306 21,580 19,701 19,030 5.5 6.5 5.7 5.4

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,591,467 3,587,391 3,601,094 3,594,564 165,431 236,960 161,137 284,601 4.6 6.6 4.5 7.9

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364,706 1,344,851 1,367,199 1,331,562 45,467 93,700 42,231 76,007 3.3 7.0 3.1 5.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,505,846 18,730,849 19,538,254 19,341,630 704,291 2,005,969 725,895 1,736,288 3.6 10.7 3.7 9.0

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,152,447 4,962,393 5,157,853 5,089,807 222,671 760,094 221,664 613,399 4.3 15.3 4.3 12.1

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,178,923 3,135,918 3,183,835 3,151,175 75,467 192,920 75,314 194,309 2.4 6.2 2.4 6.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,913,111 1,892,440 1,925,483 1,856,084 66,569 142,318 66,634 108,532 3.5 7.5 3.5 5.8

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484,356 484,737 487,774 478,936 18,909 40,387 18,749 26,334 3.9 8.3 3.8 5.5

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407,988 396,021 409,726 395,863 21,886 36,262 21,517 32,473 5.4 9.2 5.3 8.2

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,438,897 10,166,280 10,458,221 10,153,913 304,238 735,744 295,902 652,787 2.9 7.2 2.8 6.4

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,384,761 1,396,663 1,399,889 1,342,819 31,696 176,388 28,349 118,718 2.3 12.6 2.0 8.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,119,873 4,938,515 5,140,986 5,093,669 156,100 306,054 159,171 228,654 3.0 6.2 3.1 4.5

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662,543 610,217 663,747 639,195 18,842 92,450 17,540 90,903 2.8 15.2 2.6 14.2

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886,206 919,116 888,851 915,311 20,685 51,637 20,787 45,983 2.3 5.6 2.3 5.0

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,426,636 6,334,468 6,443,336 6,255,869 222,928 634,628 224,741 407,255 3.5 10.0 3.5 6.5

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,697,145 3,647,470 3,705,055 3,517,151 117,332 427,981 119,267 274,153 3.2 11.7 3.2 7.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,374,034 3,343,358 3,392,188 3,353,337 95,125 195,513 102,208 160,712 2.8 5.8 3.0 4.8

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748,279 1,632,950 1,759,289 1,638,478 41,466 71,212 40,745 49,084 2.4 4.4 2.3 3.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,484,776 1,467,274 1,493,923 1,519,494 40,121 81,479 42,395 74,643 2.7 5.6 2.8 4.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,073,191 1,894,665 2,075,032 1,955,722 79,648 98,849 79,834 135,622 3.8 5.2 3.8 6.9

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096,725 2,097,096 2,108,448 2,118,292 104,342 169,723 105,844 197,250 5.0 8.1 5.0 9.3

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692,599 682,807 695,929 679,139 16,025 37,161 16,749 32,295 2.3 5.4 2.4 4.8

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,264,649 3,079,451 3,278,073 3,157,253 106,899 225,825 108,418 241,545 3.3 7.3 3.3 7.7

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,798,668 3,752,660 3,819,962 3,610,723 101,529 362,323 90,037 250,244 2.7 9.7 2.4 6.9

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,930,761 4,833,677 4,943,286 4,868,808 173,033 396,905 173,524 247,431 3.5 8.2 3.5 5.1

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,177,102 2,035,649 2,180,195 2,124,283 86,349 200,965 87,008 132,837 4.0 9.9 4.0 6.3

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,110,208 3,055,645 3,125,946 3,017,864 80,560 163,943 81,756 117,689 2.6 5.4 2.6 3.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,276,039 1,297,658 1,276,407 1,289,654 68,196 90,055 65,083 90,150 5.3 6.9 5.1 7.0

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,083,575 2,994,695 3,103,578 2,980,680 82,035 127,577 86,305 114,425 2.7 4.3 2.8 3.8

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534,592 533,013 535,076 533,821 15,869 24,499 16,905 22,296 3.0 4.6 3.2 4.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029,469 1,026,784 1,038,851 1,029,141 28,495 34,586 29,226 27,876 2.8 3.4 2.8 2.7

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552,411 1,550,430 1,555,164 1,548,358 57,740 192,954 55,450 182,494 3.7 12.4 3.6 11.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772,689 736,395 773,369 724,578 17,831 40,491 16,995 27,260 2.3 5.5 2.2 3.8

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,496,207 4,291,718 4,533,349 4,404,759 152,067 276,969 154,959 345,181 3.4 6.5 3.4 7.8

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955,891 952,541 963,427 929,046 44,186 93,936 44,673 73,809 4.6 9.9 4.6 7.9

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,504,828 9,128,601 9,543,205 9,072,437 342,694 849,479 354,358 834,025 3.6 9.3 3.7 9.2

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,054,999 3,838,401 4,072,942 3,826,002 142,400 529,290 150,928 501,818 3.5 13.8 3.7 13.1

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,094,495 4,896,385 5,123,098 4,958,027 174,618 339,862 180,081 302,413 3.4 6.9 3.5 6.1

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403,896 396,704 403,653 399,873 7,434 15,129 6,535 15,922 1.8 3.8 1.6 4.0

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,805,781 5,643,557 5,828,726 5,815,536 225,181 448,813 220,052 299,998 3.9 8.0 3.8 5.2

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045,516 925,332 1,039,084 1,012,137 38,501 92,369 34,760 58,860 3.7 10.0 3.3 5.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,844,419 1,885,410 1,854,653 1,880,047 57,872 99,532 62,648 115,470 3.1 5.3 3.4 6.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109,356 2,038,215 2,109,185 2,145,460 64,940 149,864 63,668 137,452 3.1 7.4 3.0 6.4

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,506,111 6,419,715 6,545,629 6,357,371 271,125 502,581 289,032 436,208 4.2 7.8 4.4 6.9

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556,320 561,092 557,600 542,409 17,493 56,963 16,402 35,151 3.1 10.2 2.9 6.5

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,366,932 2,372,326 2,384,080 2,386,076 47,844 116,197 56,883 97,321 2.0 4.9 2.4 4.1

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463,200 462,748 466,961 463,636 14,012 17,379 14,240 15,362 3.0 3.8 3.0 3.3

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,351,337 3,303,274 3,369,212 3,332,952 105,792 210,097 108,485 240,834 3.2 6.4 3.2 7.2

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,111,297 14,198,955 14,161,315 14,094,292 482,829 1,163,781 474,329 950,292 3.4 8.2 3.3 6.7

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,615,873 1,669,478 1,623,876 1,645,673 34,864 78,973 34,061 61,597 2.2 4.7 2.1 3.7

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338,959 320,494 339,366 319,265 7,834 13,356 5,798 7,559 2.3 4.2 1.7 2.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,420,479 4,273,950 4,440,231 4,272,772 114,346 262,055 111,836 218,161 2.6 6.1 2.5 5.1

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,937,562 3,935,164 3,950,939 4,004,506 144,349 308,164 143,866 222,624 3.7 7.8 3.6 5.6

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,746,456 1,722,748 1,729,765 1,694,860 49,683 121,198 46,219 81,823 2.8 7.0 2.7 4.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803,603 776,210 807,512 768,774 34,801 61,636 36,871 44,143 4.3 7.9 4.6 5.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,096,038 3,130,746 3,104,233 3,122,618 88,493 144,668 86,937 153,490 2.9 4.6 2.8 4.9

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293,770 295,023 293,310 295,987 9,663 16,375 9,855 14,930 3.3 5.6 3.4 5.0

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,066,859 1,048,264 1,067,044 1,030,440 87,618 97,905 95,954 86,924 8.2 9.3 9.0 8.4

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of

Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision

the following month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total1 Construction Manufacturing

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,076.2 1,998.7 2,006.4 2,027.1 93.6 93.4 93.4 99.0 269.0 265.9 263.8 263.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330.4 297.0 300.7 309.3 16.3 14.5 14.9 16.4 12.8 9.3 9.2 9.6

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,958.9 2,859.4 2,864.6 2,885.7 172.6 169.9 170.7 172.5 178.8 170.9 171.2 171.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.6 1,227.5 1,226.2 1,235.9 52.9 53.1 53.2 54.2 162.8 144.0 145.6 145.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,503.6 15,886.3 15,988.7 16,134.2 889.9 838.9 843.0 869.3 1,320.6 1,218.4 1,222.1 1,226.6

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,799.7 2,651.8 2,667.0 2,688.1 178.6 172.8 171.1 173.6 149.9 151.2 152.3 152.1

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,690.0 1,568.1 1,586.1 1,600.2 60.1 57.6 57.4 57.1 161.8 154.4 155.9 156.3

Delaware2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466.5 426.7 426.9 430.1 22.9 21.3 21.4 21.1 27.2 25.0 25.0 25.0

District of Columbia2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800.6 746.5 750.3 749.3 14.8 15.0 15.0 15.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,000.8 8,485.2 8,541.6 8,593.2 572.6 560.9 559.2 562.1 388.6 374.0 378.3 382.7

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,630.1 4,441.2 4,468.5 4,493.5 202.7 200.0 203.4 201.6 403.6 380.9 382.5 385.8

Hawaii2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656.3 545.6 532.1 542.6 37.5 37.0 37.0 36.6 13.8 11.2 11.0 11.0

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.9 759.6 757.8 763.2 53.0 54.9 54.5 55.0 67.8 69.2 68.6 69.3

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,116.3 5,714.8 5,705.6 5,704.5 225.2 212.2 210.1 214.3 579.7 559.5 555.5 554.4

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,157.6 3,045.2 3,038.4 3,056.4 148.0 147.8 147.7 146.8 537.1 503.0 497.6 500.4

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,587.9 1,492.2 1,502.2 1,512.8 78.1 69.1 66.7 71.4 226.6 218.2 220.9 221.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421.9 1,367.6 1,361.7 1,368.9 62.1 62.8 62.5 63.9 165.3 157.3 156.9 156.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,945.3 1,825.5 1,827.3 1,838.2 80.4 80.3 81.9 84.6 249.2 236.8 238.5 238.7

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,983.0 1,853.0 1,855.7 1,877.2 136.6 121.9 127.4 134.1 136.1 128.3 128.3 127.5

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638.2 582.0 587.6 589.2 30.0 29.8 30.3 30.8 53.6 43.8 48.4 49.0

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,765.3 2,585.5 2,604.9 2,615.1 166.3 169.7 170.5 167.9 114.1 105.9 107.3 107.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,693.1 3,305.1 3,341.5 3,352.9 161.9 141.9 144.1 146.1 243.6 230.8 232.9 234.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,414.6 3,994.7 4,017.5 4,033.4 176.7 171.8 175.3 174.8 607.9 561.6 566.2 564.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,981.6 2,764.2 2,780.2 2,793.4 131.3 120.1 122.0 123.7 324.8 305.1 308.0 310.4

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,160.5 1,124.4 1,128.2 1,131.7 44.3 41.6 41.6 42.3 147.6 143.9 145.6 144.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,905.0 2,771.5 2,776.8 2,783.2 126.1 129.9 132.4 135.7 275.6 267.3 268.5 262.8

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.6 464.6 469.0 470.2 30.3 30.5 30.7 30.5 20.5 19.3 19.5 19.4

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030.1 992.4 999.7 1,004.2 54.8 53.1 52.8 53.2 99.6 97.0 97.6 97.7

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422.5 1,293.5 1,301.7 1,305.3 97.7 93.6 93.4 95.7 59.2 57.2 57.4 57.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.3 630.5 631.6 627.9 28.5 26.6 27.4 27.3 70.8 65.2 64.8 65.7

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,211.5 3,818.0 3,892.1 3,886.9 160.6 146.2 149.4 150.5 250.0 241.2 241.5 242.8

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860.5 798.1 802.5 804.2 51.6 49.1 48.5 48.1 28.8 26.9 27.3 26.8

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,798.8 8,601.0 8,772.8 8,783.3 401.5 360.5 367.2 369.4 435.1 397.2 395.2 395.7

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,584.6 4,268.1 4,320.0 4,346.4 231.7 220.0 221.5 223.2 478.9 437.3 438.1 441.0

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.6 408.3 409.7 410.4 28.6 25.8 25.9 25.7 26.6 24.6 24.5 24.2

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,575.9 5,146.7 5,191.5 5,222.3 226.3 213.1 213.3 214.8 697.6 659.7 663.2 671.3

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,707.2 1,622.0 1,623.0 1,624.1 82.5 75.5 75.5 76.1 139.6 128.0 126.3 126.5

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,947.8 1,806.7 1,816.0 1,830.2 107.9 107.3 104.9 111.0 195.6 179.1 180.3 181.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,078.0 5,578.4 5,603.3 5,622.1 263.2 244.9 248.0 250.2 572.4 536.1 536.4 537.5

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.7 465.9 466.7 468.4 19.9 18.3 18.7 19.1 39.5 38.7 38.7 38.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,202.5 2,094.9 2,113.1 2,124.8 108.5 109.3 110.1 111.3 258.3 255.8 257.3 257.7

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.5 423.2 429.6 428.4 23.8 26.5 26.7 26.7 44.1 41.8 41.9 42.3

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,135.9 2,989.0 3,002.5 3,027.1 130.8 126.1 126.7 126.3 349.9 324.1 327.0 330.2

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,889.9 12,224.5 12,272.6 12,390.7 784.4 741.5 746.1 755.5 904.2 868.1 875.6 883.5

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574.9 1,539.6 1,557.4 1,565.9 112.9 119.1 117.0 117.0 136.3 135.3 136.1 137.6

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316.1 282.2 286.0 286.6 15.3 10.6 11.1 11.5 29.8 26.7 27.5 28.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,063.6 3,847.9 3,864.8 3,898.8 203.8 207.8 207.6 210.7 239.8 225.7 228.4 229.5

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,483.9 3,278.0 3,287.3 3,293.3 222.9 213.3 218.1 223.2 292.3 268.3 266.6 266.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.9 674.2 669.9 670.9 34.8 32.1 32.2 33.3 46.6 46.4 46.3 46.8

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,972.7 2,757.2 2,782.4 2,767.7 123.7 123.9 122.0 126.2 480.9 456.5 461.0 463.0

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289.5 270.5 272.5 275.9 22.7 22.7 22.7 23.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.0

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.4 816.0 819.2 821.6 26.7 19.2 19.5 20.2 75.4 75.1 75.3 75.9

Virgin Islands3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.7 36.2 35.8 35.8 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.5 – – – –

1

Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.

2 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

3 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.5 388.6 385.9 386.5 96.7 96.0 96.3 96.5 249.9 238.2 246.2 253.1

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 59.1 61.2 64.0 11.6 11.9 12.1 12.0 27.2 25.3 25.3 26.3

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.3 553.3 558.0 561.2 233.2 231.9 231.5 231.8 446.5 419.2 422.7 430.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.7 257.9 259.4 263.3 62.6 60.5 60.4 60.8 145.5 145.9 143.8 146.6

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056.4 2,845.0 2,872.8 2,895.5 847.5 838.9 838.6 845.7 2,733.9 2,573.4 2,588.3 2,624.1

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.6 459.7 467.1 474.7 174.6 169.4 171.3 174.1 444.0 445.3 445.6 447.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.5 276.0 278.5 282.9 123.5 120.1 119.5 120.3 220.1 208.0 213.7 214.2

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.8 76.6 77.4 79.2 47.6 46.2 46.0 45.7 63.3 58.4 57.9 58.1

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 31.8 32.1 32.1 29.7 28.5 28.7 28.5 173.7 164.8 164.0 161.7

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,813.1 1,755.6 1,769.4 1,775.4 596.6 585.9 589.0 589.5 1,396.4 1,326.9 1,334.3 1,347.3

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948.5 952.2 953.4 957.9 250.7 246.3 248.1 250.5 716.0 683.7 691.1 696.8

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.7 105.4 102.5 105.7 29.9 27.9 28.0 28.5 74.5 66.3 63.9 64.7

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.8 148.9 148.9 149.4 36.8 39.4 39.2 39.8 97.8 96.5 96.8 97.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201.7 1,153.9 1,160.6 1,162.7 412.9 402.9 403.7 404.6 940.7 874.5 862.1 875.9

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.8 583.3 583.1 591.7 142.7 139.0 139.2 139.3 343.4 339.5 342.7 350.1

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.8 299.1 301.5 304.5 109.7 107.5 108.0 109.4 139.3 130.8 130.6 132.3

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.5 266.9 266.6 266.6 77.2 74.6 74.2 74.6 178.5 172.5 174.0 176.7

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.3 385.4 385.1 386.1 93.8 87.9 87.7 88.6 222.0 192.3 191.8 194.2

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.7 365.2 366.0 370.5 92.2 91.5 92.8 91.5 214.5 200.5 203.4 209.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.9 115.5 115.6 116.2 33.3 32.0 31.3 31.2 69.7 64.7 65.5 66.3

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.4 442.6 448.3 451.7 143.6 140.5 141.8 142.1 463.5 437.4 439.9 442.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578.5 518.3 526.0 536.3 223.7 218.9 221.3 223.1 603.4 571.7 575.9 579.6

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.3 756.1 760.5 766.3 226.4 220.7 221.5 222.3 648.9 592.6 596.0 602.1

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528.3 516.5 517.4 522.0 191.5 186.0 187.0 187.3 381.4 368.3 373.9 370.8

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230.6 229.7 230.8 232.0 44.2 42.6 43.0 43.5 106.9 104.8 105.2 105.6

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543.3 519.7 522.1 525.3 174.9 169.9 170.9 172.3 381.9 365.6 365.5 368.3

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.6 92.3 93.2 93.5 26.3 25.8 26.3 26.5 44.0 41.6 41.9 41.7

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.0 194.6 195.4 195.3 75.7 75.8 76.7 77.1 120.2 114.8 116.3 117.6

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.2 237.9 244.0 245.1 69.8 69.2 68.1 68.3 196.3 170.6 175.5 177.0

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.7 125.1 126.1 127.1 34.8 35.2 35.6 35.8 84.4 76.9 78.3 78.6

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888.4 838.8 848.7 846.3 250.9 241.2 242.7 243.9 688.8 622.8 629.6 631.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.9 133.8 134.6 135.0 35.6 34.2 33.5 33.6 110.5 103.2 104.7 106.4

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,548.8 1,358.4 1,372.4 1,385.1 729.2 688.4 692.7 688.3 1,388.4 1,214.3 1,225.6 1,238.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846.5 824.8 833.8 836.6 257.0 254.2 256.5 259.4 646.3 624.6 628.4 640.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.8 87.9 88.3 88.5 24.7 24.5 24.4 24.4 33.0 31.4 31.4 31.3

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025.7 968.0 976.8 982.5 309.2 295.3 294.6 297.6 731.5 672.5 681.5 688.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.7 294.7 293.4 293.7 79.0 79.0 79.2 79.8 194.8 179.0 180.6 178.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.4 347.6 350.1 354.4 104.5 99.6 101.0 100.7 254.2 239.1 240.4 244.7

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,123.7 1,034.3 1,046.5 1,053.8 330.1 330.8 331.6 330.9 817.0 758.5 764.7 766.7

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 71.5 71.9 73.3 35.3 35.7 35.6 35.4 68.8 61.3 62.1 63.5

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.4 397.7 399.7 397.3 105.3 103.2 103.9 105.4 299.5 290.2 295.2 295.1

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 82.4 83.3 83.6 29.1 29.1 29.2 29.6 33.8 33.3 33.7 34.0

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643.6 637.8 637.0 638.9 173.3 174.3 174.9 175.0 429.7 408.2 408.4 422.0

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,529.9 2,439.7 2,438.7 2,458.0 805.5 807.5 807.9 813.6 1,810.1 1,776.5 1,782.6 1,827.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.2 295.9 298.1 302.4 90.8 92.1 93.8 93.8 225.6 217.5 219.9 220.9

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 50.2 51.3 51.3 12.0 11.0 11.3 11.5 29.7 28.2 28.4 29.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657.4 643.9 645.5 653.9 211.4 207.3 211.7 210.3 767.9 734.9 742.4 750.0

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647.5 638.8 638.9 646.0 162.4 160.3 161.0 160.6 438.2 438.5 441.8 446.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.4 120.3 119.6 119.6 28.9 27.9 27.5 27.1 70.0 64.1 63.5 64.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529.4 515.6 518.7 517.0 154.3 151.5 154.3 153.5 324.5 300.0 301.1 305.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 51.7 51.7 52.2 11.4 10.6 10.6 10.6 19.3 17.3 17.2 17.3

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.7 158.7 160.2 162.5 44.4 43.5 44.0 43.7 122.8 110.6 111.1 112.3

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.3 6.2 6.4 – – – – – – – –

1 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Oct.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.9 231.0 232.5 235.0 210.2 174.4 178.5 181.8 392.7 387.2 385.3 385.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 47.6 48.0 48.7 37.0 24.0 25.3 28.3 79.2 78.9 77.7 77.2

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468.1 459.4 460.7 462.7 334.0 269.4 278.0 283.9 423.3 430.4 416.8 414.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.9 185.0 185.9 186.0 119.4 102.1 103.3 105.0 210.6 206.5 202.8 202.4

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,823.2 2,685.7 2,686.7 2,694.5 2,044.1 1,405.9 1,459.7 1,525.7 2,620.1 2,490.6 2,474.8 2,433.7

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349.0 337.7 338.3 339.6 346.9 282.7 291.6 297.4 458.1 434.0 428.0 427.1

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341.0 321.2 325.2 325.5 158.0 121.0 128.5 132.1 236.8 223.2 220.9 223.8

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2 74.3 73.8 73.9 53.2 39.2 40.4 42.7 67.5 66.1 65.3 64.4

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.7 122.8 119.5 119.0 81.7 44.3 50.8 52.4 238.7 243.0 244.0 244.6

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,352.2 1,324.7 1,327.0 1,326.6 1,260.1 1,017.3 1,032.0 1,061.6 1,127.0 1,084.7 1,097.5 1,088.0

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618.9 608.5 610.5 615.2 510.3 423.3 435.7 444.2 691.2 679.0 673.3 670.6

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.0 83.4 82.3 82.4 125.9 57.7 54.8 63.5 127.4 123.7 120.3 117.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.7 107.3 107.2 107.6 83.6 78.3 80.1 84.0 128.9 127.8 125.1 123.5

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945.6 899.4 892.5 886.0 620.9 479.8 490.8 491.9 829.4 801.6 793.3 779.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.2 465.3 464.3 464.7 312.3 293.5 292.3 295.9 428.3 417.6 416.3 411.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.9 224.9 224.5 225.5 146.2 114.5 119.1 118.5 260.8 252.7 255.1 253.9

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.3 195.9 196.8 195.6 131.3 113.1 113.9 116.5 260.1 253.6 247.1 248.4

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.8 275.2 276.0 275.1 202.8 181.6 187.1 190.7 311.7 295.4 288.4 288.9

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.8 300.5 297.2 299.7 239.5 194.7 195.7 203.7 332.3 331.6 326.8 323.2

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.4 120.1 120.0 119.5 69.8 48.6 51.2 52.6 101.7 98.7 96.3 94.0

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469.4 436.3 441.9 446.0 278.7 216.3 231.3 240.4 504.5 497.5 483.7 475.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.7 749.3 756.9 752.5 377.0 231.7 245.6 245.5 457.4 446.5 435.7 431.5

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.1 625.4 627.5 628.5 436.0 279.3 290.6 296.2 613.7 584.8 574.5 574.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.5 514.8 521.1 523.0 276.7 202.7 205.0 208.9 426.3 403.5 397.6 397.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.4 139.4 139.6 139.5 137.3 129.2 131.8 133.9 242.5 237.4 234.8 234.1

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.5 464.3 466.9 468.5 310.4 255.8 255.9 254.8 437.4 436.6 430.3 428.1

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 77.3 76.7 77.2 65.8 56.8 58.0 60.2 90.9 90.7 92.6 91.0

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.7 157.0 158.7 160.7 96.1 79.6 80.5 83.1 173.6 168.6 169.4 167.1

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.0 138.5 140.4 139.6 353.7 300.7 302.2 303.5 166.8 159.2 154.1 151.7

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.8 122.1 119.1 118.5 72.3 52.3 56.2 55.5 90.3 88.0 84.3 81.0

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723.1 660.4 666.1 668.6 397.1 270.9 293.8 299.5 607.5 578.1 597.5 579.5

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.5 138.0 135.3 135.1 98.5 71.9 75.4 77.7 190.1 188.0 188.3 186.6

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,154.6 2,008.5 2,000.2 2,006.0 958.4 562.3 608.7 623.2 1,483.0 1,390.9 1,478.1 1,443.0

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.9 586.8 587.9 587.2 520.9 387.8 404.2 416.8 734.2 701.9 715.0 705.0

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 65.9 66.0 65.9 40.4 34.8 34.3 34.6 83.4 81.1 82.9 83.0

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941.1 902.2 906.4 907.9 566.6 424.6 436.7 442.8 785.4 733.2 736.3 733.5

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.6 234.0 233.1 235.2 177.6 164.2 165.3 169.0 355.5 347.5 350.5 347.6

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.4 290.8 292.4 294.3 215.5 158.0 160.1 164.4 301.5 287.2 287.0 279.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304.6 1,235.0 1,231.5 1,237.3 579.1 414.2 430.9 436.9 708.4 699.6 687.0 681.6

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 105.2 104.3 102.9 60.1 46.8 46.8 46.7 65.8 64.4 64.0 63.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.1 244.3 243.5 246.8 276.0 216.5 226.0 232.9 373.8 366.3 363.6 363.8

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 71.1 71.8 71.2 47.6 40.4 42.2 41.0 80.2 77.2 78.7 77.8

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.3 432.1 433.8 431.9 354.7 293.4 303.4 310.5 438.4 428.0 425.7 424.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,757.2 1,676.4 1,674.4 1,686.3 1,413.9 1,148.3 1,178.7 1,206.4 1,983.0 1,959.9 1,961.2 1,943.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2 206.3 209.9 210.5 157.6 129.4 132.3 135.4 254.3 252.9 257.0 255.0

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 62.7 62.2 60.6 37.7 21.4 24.1 25.0 57.0 57.0 55.8 54.8

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.0 518.8 519.9 523.2 412.3 326.3 332.9 346.2 733.5 717.4 709.1 706.4

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.9 479.3 481.5 483.0 350.5 248.7 258.4 265.9 588.0 577.0 563.3 544.2

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.0 124.7 124.0 123.2 74.7 60.2 61.5 61.9 152.1 148.7 145.7 144.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466.1 444.5 439.6 435.2 284.1 208.0 216.7 209.7 406.9 381.5 390.8 378.8

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 28.5 28.5 28.9 36.6 29.8 31.2 34.6 68.7 68.0 67.6 66.9

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.0 113.9 112.1 112.0 81.0 57.9 59.7 61.8 202.1 204.6 204.5 200.3

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 5.4 4.7 4.5 4.5 10.6 10.9 11.0 11.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total Mining and logging Construction

September October September October September October

2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,073.8 2,008.7 2,085.7 2,034.2 10.2 9.8 10.1 9.7 95.1 94.5 95.2 99.8

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.6 310.1 324.3 304.3 13.6 12.4 13.4 12.0 18.4 16.7 17.5 16.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,953.4 2,865.4 2,982.3 2,908.5 13.6 13.1 13.6 13.2 173.2 170.8 173.7 173.2

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279.2 1,232.4 1,286.5 1,243.9 6.0 5.1 5.9 5.1 53.6 54.6 54.4 55.6

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,438.7 15,973.0 17,593.6 16,237.8 23.0 22.1 23.0 22.0 905.2 861.1 901.5 885.4

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798.3 2,671.0 2,806.2 2,687.5 28.5 24.2 28.5 24.9 182.9 175.0 182.2 178.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,692.0 1,589.8 1,700.1 1,611.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 62.1 60.0 62.7 59.7

Delaware1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466.6 427.4 468.5 432.5 – – – – 23.0 21.5 23.2 21.6

District of Columbia1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.8 748.0 804.2 753.7 – – – – 14.8 15.1 14.9 15.3

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,923.1 8,490.8 9,010.0 8,603.0 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.5 569.1 560.7 576.9 565.7

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,619.8 4,463.8 4,651.0 4,521.0 9.3 8.9 9.3 8.9 204.7 203.8 204.1 202.8

Hawaii1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653.9 530.7 658.0 543.6 – – – – 37.1 37.1 38.0 36.6

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768.8 763.8 768.1 771.6 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.2 55.4 56.7 54.6 56.9

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,149.1 5,733.9 6,178.9 5,766.9 8.4 7.0 8.3 7.0 241.9 225.3 240.1 229.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,184.1 3,057.9 3,186.6 3,089.4 6.1 5.4 6.1 5.4 150.6 151.0 153.2 151.2

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,591.2 1,504.7 1,604.1 1,528.7 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3 83.5 71.3 84.1 77.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427.2 1,365.8 1,435.8 1,384.6 6.8 6.0 6.9 6.1 64.5 64.6 63.6 65.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949.0 1,835.1 1,954.3 1,854.7 9.6 7.5 9.2 7.5 83.3 84.9 82.8 86.7

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981.1 1,853.4 1,994.7 1,882.7 36.6 28.7 36.9 28.1 138.2 127.8 139.2 132.4

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648.6 598.1 645.6 597.6 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 31.3 32.1 31.5 32.3

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768.1 2,605.3 2,777.9 2,632.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 168.0 173.5 169.4 171.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,701.9 3,355.7 3,728.1 3,386.8 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 168.4 150.3 168.0 152.3

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,454.4 4,036.5 4,457.4 4,071.9 7.6 6.6 7.6 6.5 183.7 183.2 186.7 184.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,992.2 2,789.4 3,008.7 2,820.9 6.8 5.8 6.8 5.8 140.9 132.4 140.3 133.2

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,160.8 1,128.3 1,166.9 1,139.5 6.7 6.0 6.9 6.0 44.7 42.2 44.9 43.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,914.3 2,786.9 2,927.5 2,808.1 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.2 130.3 137.3 130.5 140.8

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.8 474.8 488.3 475.1 7.7 7.2 7.7 7.0 31.8 33.2 32.8 33.6

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029.8 1,001.8 1,036.5 1,010.5 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 56.1 54.4 56.3 54.6

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,428.2 1,306.6 1,431.7 1,317.8 14.7 16.4 14.9 16.5 98.5 94.6 99.5 96.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686.5 633.3 690.6 634.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 29.1 28.4 29.3 28.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,201.0 3,886.8 4,230.1 3,910.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 164.8 154.2 165.6 153.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.6 805.9 865.2 810.5 25.9 18.9 25.9 18.4 51.0 48.6 52.4 49.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,777.6 8,764.1 9,878.7 8,871.1 5.6 4.7 5.6 4.8 418.7 381.9 413.1 381.8

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,585.5 4,324.7 4,617.8 4,377.7 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.5 233.5 222.9 233.6 225.9

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.6 414.3 445.6 416.2 21.4 13.0 21.0 13.4 31.5 28.8 31.3 28.1

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,601.2 5,207.9 5,617.7 5,265.8 11.9 10.0 11.9 10.1 237.6 223.6 236.1 224.3

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,710.9 1,626.8 1,721.2 1,636.0 46.2 33.8 45.8 33.4 84.5 76.7 83.3 77.0

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,945.3 1,817.6 1,960.9 1,842.5 7.0 6.1 7.0 6.9 112.4 108.6 110.8 112.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,092.0 5,620.7 6,132.1 5,679.5 28.3 24.6 28.7 23.7 272.2 257.7 271.7 258.6

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.8 472.1 511.3 473.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 20.9 19.7 21.0 19.9

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,191.6 2,108.3 2,204.1 2,128.4 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.3 107.5 109.8 108.9 111.8

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.8 432.0 444.8 431.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 25.5 28.2 24.7 27.5

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,145.0 3,013.0 3,159.3 3,048.9 4.6 3.9 4.5 3.9 131.9 127.9 131.8 127.5

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,818.3 12,243.3 12,938.7 12,440.0 245.8 192.0 244.8 194.3 783.5 747.9 792.3 764.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574.4 1,564.9 1,587.1 1,578.7 9.5 8.3 9.5 8.4 112.8 119.6 115.6 120.7

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316.6 286.0 319.7 289.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 16.3 12.4 16.6 12.3

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,060.7 3,864.2 4,082.0 3,908.0 7.8 7.1 7.8 7.1 205.9 210.1 205.7 212.6

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,494.4 3,294.8 3,501.8 3,307.3 5.9 5.2 5.8 5.2 226.6 222.1 227.9 226.3

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721.8 673.8 726.9 681.1 22.1 18.9 22.2 18.8 37.5 34.3 37.1 36.1

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,978.6 2,787.2 2,999.9 2,794.7 4.3 3.7 4.2 3.7 130.9 129.3 129.6 132.0

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.5 277.6 290.6 277.7 20.6 14.9 20.5 14.7 24.2 24.1 23.9 24.5

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880.9 815.1 883.9 819.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 26.6 19.7 26.7 20.2

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 35.6 37.7 35.9 – – – – 4.0 3.6 4.1 3.6

1 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information

September October September October September October

2019 2020 2019 2020p

2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.0 264.2 269.1 263.6 380.9 383.5 384.1 386.9 20.6 19.3 20.7 19.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 10.3 9.6 7.6 67.3 63.8 63.7 62.5 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.9

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.5 171.2 178.5 171.6 538.5 553.6 544.8 561.8 48.5 45.3 49.1 45.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.5 145.7 162.9 146.7 251.1 258.2 252.5 262.0 11.1 10.7 11.3 10.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332.0 1,234.1 1,323.5 1,228.5 3,039.2 2,863.2 3,063.4 2,904.1 569.4 519.7 569.6 526.3

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.4 152.2 150.1 152.1 475.1 463.9 477.5 470.6 75.8 73.0 76.7 72.7

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.6 155.9 161.8 156.5 290.3 276.4 292.7 282.8 31.4 29.6 31.7 30.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 25.0 27.3 25.1 80.1 77.2 80.3 79.1 3.9 3.4 3.9 3.4

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 33.4 31.8 33.5 32.3 20.2 18.7 20.5 18.7

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.1 377.0 388.2 381.2 1,785.6 1,747.1 1,804.1 1,766.2 137.0 126.5 138.6 127.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.8 382.9 403.7 386.2 938.1 946.0 946.4 960.0 116.3 105.5 116.9 107.1

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 11.1 13.9 11.2 122.8 102.4 122.6 105.0 8.7 7.6 8.5 7.5

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 69.3 68.4 69.9 145.4 149.5 145.6 150.6 9.0 7.9 9.0 7.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.5 555.8 580.3 554.4 1,198.8 1,154.4 1,206.7 1,167.9 94.5 88.0 96.6 87.1

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.8 496.5 536.3 498.2 595.7 582.5 596.4 594.2 28.3 25.3 28.4 24.9

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.3 220.4 226.1 221.2 307.7 299.6 310.4 305.2 20.8 19.4 20.9 19.1

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.5 157.1 165.5 157.0 265.7 265.3 268.3 268.7 17.9 16.2 18.0 16.0

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.9 238.6 249.3 238.8 402.0 384.4 403.3 387.4 21.4 17.8 21.4 17.9

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.1 128.8 136.5 128.3 375.7 363.9 377.5 369.4 21.0 19.0 20.8 19.3

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 48.6 53.9 49.1 119.3 116.5 118.6 117.3 7.1 6.2 7.2 6.3

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3 107.3 114.3 107.7 466.7 446.5 472.9 452.0 35.3 29.7 35.3 29.8

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.6 232.6 243.5 234.3 576.0 523.8 580.2 537.3 92.4 90.1 92.7 89.7

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627.2 565.9 608.1 563.7 793.6 759.0 799.1 766.8 54.8 50.8 54.9 50.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325.1 310.0 326.4 312.3 525.0 516.2 530.5 524.6 46.8 40.4 46.0 39.6

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.3 144.9 147.8 145.3 229.4 229.4 230.6 231.6 10.5 9.2 10.6 9.0

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277.1 269.1 274.8 261.8 540.3 520.2 543.9 527.4 47.4 43.3 46.9 42.9

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 19.7 20.9 19.7 93.9 92.7 94.7 93.9 6.2 5.2 6.3 5.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 97.9 99.7 97.7 196.2 193.7 197.5 195.6 17.1 16.0 16.9 16.1

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 57.6 59.5 58.0 261.6 242.5 264.1 247.1 15.5 13.5 15.7 13.7

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 65.0 71.0 65.7 138.2 124.8 138.6 126.1 12.2 11.7 12.3 11.4

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.0 241.5 250.2 243.1 882.1 844.1 891.1 850.6 67.6 64.1 67.4 63.9

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 27.7 29.3 27.4 135.8 134.3 137.5 135.2 11.3 9.8 11.3 9.8

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.6 396.1 436.3 397.1 1,542.2 1,368.3 1,554.7 1,393.5 279.5 265.6 278.6 269.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.3 438.8 479.6 441.9 842.1 829.5 845.9 834.8 75.7 70.6 76.0 72.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 24.7 27.0 24.5 93.3 88.2 93.2 88.8 6.1 5.6 6.0 5.4

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698.3 661.0 694.8 668.3 1,021.5 970.6 1,029.4 986.2 68.5 66.3 69.6 66.4

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.1 126.5 139.7 125.9 302.3 292.6 305.4 295.7 19.4 18.8 19.5 18.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.7 182.4 196.5 181.4 358.2 350.7 360.2 356.0 34.9 32.4 35.5 32.4

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572.3 535.6 573.2 537.1 1,120.1 1,043.3 1,130.2 1,060.5 87.0 74.6 87.0 74.9

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 38.8 39.4 38.8 77.1 71.9 77.6 73.2 5.8 5.3 5.8 5.4

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258.7 256.5 257.2 256.7 405.6 397.3 409.6 397.8 26.3 25.6 26.5 25.4

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 42.0 44.4 42.6 85.2 82.7 86.0 83.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.0 327.8 350.1 330.2 637.0 633.2 643.3 637.4 45.5 43.4 46.5 43.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.0 876.4 905.1 882.2 2,504.3 2,427.5 2,534.0 2,465.5 207.5 196.6 209.1 198.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.5 136.1 136.5 137.8 290.4 297.3 292.8 303.3 40.2 39.1 40.6 38.5

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 27.6 30.0 28.1 53.3 50.8 53.8 51.4 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.6 228.6 239.7 229.2 653.9 642.0 659.1 654.4 68.0 65.5 68.7 65.6

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.9 270.2 293.0 267.2 647.1 639.6 648.5 644.6 148.0 144.0 146.4 142.9

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.7 46.3 46.6 46.9 126.1 119.1 128.6 121.0 8.0 7.5 8.1 7.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.9 461.5 481.3 463.2 529.8 518.4 533.2 521.9 46.7 40.0 46.8 39.6

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 10.4 10.3 10.4 52.2 51.9 51.8 51.9 3.4 2.9 3.4 2.8

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 75.3 75.6 75.9 172.1 158.3 172.4 160.2 16.2 15.4 16.4 15.4

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 6.8 6.2 6.8 6.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services

September October September October September October

2019 2020 2019 2020p

2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.6 96.2 97.0 96.4 248.8 247.9 252.5 257.2 252.3 232.9 252.6 235.6

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 12.2 11.6 12.0 28.3 26.4 26.9 26.2 50.5 47.5 51.2 48.1

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.6 231.5 234.0 233.0 445.5 421.1 451.2 434.5 466.3 459.4 470.9 465.0

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 60.7 62.9 61.0 145.1 145.0 147.2 149.0 194.5 186.9 195.5 187.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841.0 837.5 849.5 846.7 2,734.7 2,595.9 2,754.5 2,646.1 2,805.9 2,675.5 2,839.7 2,712.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.7 171.8 175.1 173.5 446.2 448.7 449.0 451.4 346.7 336.4 350.8 339.6

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.6 119.2 123.2 119.7 220.2 215.1 221.4 215.9 339.7 324.1 344.3 329.3

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 46.0 47.6 45.7 63.4 57.3 64.4 58.8 81.0 73.7 81.4 74.2

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 28.8 29.9 28.7 171.1 162.6 174.6 163.9 128.9 119.2 131.5 120.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.0 586.6 596.9 590.9 1,390.8 1,327.8 1,405.7 1,353.4 1,341.3 1,321.7 1,358.4 1,334.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.1 248.3 251.6 252.0 716.0 690.2 723.5 703.6 616.1 612.2 624.8 622.5

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 28.1 29.9 28.4 73.6 63.6 74.6 64.8 87.4 82.4 88.5 82.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.2 39.4 36.8 39.9 98.2 98.0 98.4 99.4 109.7 106.4 111.3 108.7

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.8 403.1 412.8 404.0 956.1 875.5 959.6 889.1 937.2 887.3 954.1 894.2

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.3 139.7 143.1 140.0 345.5 345.1 347.7 355.8 485.7 465.0 487.9 470.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.7 107.7 109.5 108.9 139.5 131.0 141.1 134.3 235.6 224.2 238.4 228.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 74.1 77.6 74.6 179.5 174.7 180.3 179.1 201.6 195.6 204.5 197.2

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.8 88.3 94.2 89.3 217.6 191.2 223.6 197.5 284.6 276.3 286.5 278.1

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4 92.8 92.4 91.8 214.3 203.1 217.4 210.7 322.1 297.1 323.9 301.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 31.5 33.1 31.2 70.0 66.1 70.3 67.1 130.6 119.8 131.4 120.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.0 141.5 144.0 142.4 463.8 441.6 466.2 445.9 471.3 439.4 472.9 448.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.1 221.6 223.6 222.4 606.5 580.3 610.3 586.3 807.2 753.5 823.1 761.5

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.1 221.1 225.4 221.3 651.0 595.9 657.4 609.8 679.5 625.3 685.7 632.9

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.0 187.4 191.9 187.5 383.8 374.0 386.1 375.6 552.8 519.1 558.5 525.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 42.9 44.2 43.2 107.9 105.4 108.0 107.4 148.0 139.8 149.5 141.0

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.1 171.2 175.2 171.9 383.0 366.1 384.7 370.4 485.1 466.2 492.8 474.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 26.2 26.4 26.4 44.4 42.4 44.6 42.7 78.7 76.5 78.9 77.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 76.8 75.7 77.3 121.0 117.1 121.4 118.8 157.0 158.3 158.5 161.5

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 67.7 69.9 68.9 196.5 175.3 198.5 179.4 144.7 141.1 144.4 140.3

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 35.9 34.9 35.9 84.6 78.7 85.3 80.1 124.7 118.5 127.4 121.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.6 244.1 250.6 244.0 690.3 632.0 696.1 638.2 715.7 660.0 726.8 673.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 33.4 35.6 33.5 111.6 105.8 111.0 107.1 142.2 134.9 143.0 135.7

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727.1 692.3 729.4 688.0 1,378.3 1,228.7 1,397.8 1,250.4 2,125.7 1,981.4 2,185.5 2,032.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.4 257.4 257.7 259.4 651.2 631.1 655.7 647.3 626.5 587.7 631.7 594.1

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 24.2 24.6 24.2 33.4 31.9 33.5 31.7 66.9 65.7 67.5 66.2

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.3 295.0 308.6 298.0 737.7 685.6 743.0 699.1 939.5 905.2 948.0 916.3

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.1 78.8 79.0 79.9 194.9 182.6 197.6 181.2 240.2 233.9 241.1 236.5

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.6 101.1 104.2 100.6 255.0 242.1 256.1 246.9 302.2 292.0 304.1 297.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.1 331.6 330.7 331.2 820.4 769.1 828.2 780.2 1,301.0 1,228.6 1,322.5 1,255.7

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 35.6 35.5 35.8 68.8 63.3 70.0 64.5 108.6 103.7 111.5 104.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 104.1 105.6 104.7 298.0 294.1 300.3 298.4 259.0 244.4 261.1 249.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.9 29.0 28.9 29.4 33.3 33.6 33.8 34.0 73.5 71.3 74.2 71.6

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.9 175.3 173.7 175.5 429.9 410.5 434.1 427.7 445.8 436.3 449.0 436.9

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.5 810.0 808.8 817.5 1,803.4 1,786.5 1,821.3 1,835.4 1,748.0 1,673.3 1,766.4 1,697.6

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 93.9 91.1 94.1 226.9 222.3 228.7 224.6 211.6 211.2 215.8 213.8

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 11.4 12.1 11.6 30.0 28.9 30.1 29.9 64.9 61.6 66.5 61.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.5 211.8 212.0 211.1 766.6 741.5 772.7 750.7 559.0 521.3 564.5 528.8

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 161.4 162.8 161.4 443.4 447.0 442.5 449.9 502.6 478.4 506.0 485.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.3 27.5 29.0 27.3 69.7 63.7 70.7 64.7 129.5 124.7 130.4 125.0

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.4 153.6 154.1 152.9 325.2 303.4 329.2 310.1 463.5 438.1 469.5 438.3

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 10.6 11.4 10.5 19.7 17.4 19.7 18.0 28.7 28.5 28.5 29.0

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 43.8 44.4 43.6 122.9 110.1 122.4 112.1 121.4 111.5 123.7 112.9

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Leisure and hospitality Other services Government

September October September October September October

2019 2020 2019 2020p

2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.1 179.0 208.3 181.0 99.3 95.4 99.7 96.4 392.9 386.0 396.4 388.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 27.8 34.0 25.9 11.1 9.7 11.0 10.0 80.1 78.2 80.1 78.4

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328.2 274.9 333.4 284.7 94.7 95.8 96.0 97.7 434.8 428.7 437.1 428.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.2 104.6 119.8 104.4 59.5 55.7 60.2 56.3 213.0 205.2 213.9 205.3

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,038.4 1,460.3 2,039.6 1,526.1 577.9 461.6 581.3 476.1 2,572.0 2,442.0 2,648.0 2,464.5

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.0 290.1 335.3 285.7 113.5 104.3 114.8 104.8 459.5 431.4 466.2 434.0

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.7 129.9 157.0 132.2 64.6 56.6 63.5 57.4 239.2 222.4 241.3 227.8

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 42.0 52.4 42.3 18.6 16.2 19.1 16.5 67.0 65.1 68.9 65.8

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.7 51.1 82.4 52.8 77.3 76.2 77.8 75.7 238.3 243.3 237.7 244.2

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,230.5 1,011.4 1,239.7 1,042.7 351.0 320.4 349.2 324.9 1,136.0 1,106.1 1,146.6 1,109.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.8 433.6 508.7 442.8 164.5 156.3 164.5 156.9 693.1 676.1 697.5 678.2

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.4 54.5 125.5 63.0 28.2 24.8 28.1 25.1 125.9 119.1 128.4 119.2

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.8 82.0 81.3 81.8 26.8 25.5 26.7 25.5 128.3 124.9 132.0 127.1

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627.6 496.8 623.0 495.0 253.8 240.2 254.8 240.5 836.5 800.5 842.6 797.9

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317.3 296.3 313.5 297.7 134.0 123.9 134.3 126.4 439.8 427.2 439.7 425.6

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.3 120.0 145.4 118.0 58.6 53.7 58.9 54.0 261.6 255.1 266.8 260.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.7 114.2 132.0 116.7 52.1 47.7 51.8 47.9 263.5 250.3 267.3 255.5

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.7 189.3 202.6 192.5 66.0 65.2 66.3 65.7 315.1 291.6 315.1 293.3

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.9 194.2 238.4 202.2 73.9 70.5 74.5 70.9 332.9 327.5 337.2 328.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9 56.7 69.7 52.9 22.2 20.9 22.6 21.1 102.9 97.5 105.0 97.1

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.8 236.0 273.8 238.9 114.7 108.9 114.9 110.6 505.9 479.7 512.9 484.8

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.0 255.0 379.7 249.2 137.5 110.7 138.6 112.3 459.1 436.9 467.3 440.6

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.0 297.0 434.9 295.3 165.9 147.9 164.1 147.1 624.0 583.8 633.5 593.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.9 210.8 274.4 207.3 114.0 101.8 113.4 104.4 422.1 391.5 434.4 404.7

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.2 131.9 137.2 134.9 40.4 40.3 41.4 40.9 245.3 236.3 245.8 236.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.9 259.1 311.0 257.6 116.4 116.8 116.4 119.6 442.2 433.4 446.8 436.8

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 60.7 63.7 58.0 19.1 17.8 19.4 18.3 91.7 93.2 92.9 93.0

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 81.8 95.3 82.7 37.6 35.5 37.5 35.2 173.6 169.4 176.7 170.0

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.1 304.3 353.7 305.2 42.0 37.2 41.6 37.3 168.8 156.4 169.9 155.0

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 57.3 71.1 54.3 25.5 26.6 26.2 25.6 91.1 85.4 93.5 84.6

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.7 302.6 390.5 295.7 173.2 156.7 175.0 158.5 596.5 586.0 615.3 588.7

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.1 75.6 97.3 77.1 28.8 26.1 28.4 26.0 191.5 190.8 193.5 191.2

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975.9 626.8 963.2 634.1 412.6 360.4 417.5 362.4 1,473.4 1,457.9 1,497.0 1,457.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516.6 404.5 520.7 415.1 159.5 156.8 160.6 158.4 742.0 719.9 750.6 722.8

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.0 35.1 41.0 35.1 15.3 13.9 15.3 14.1 83.4 83.2 85.2 84.7

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577.0 446.5 566.4 444.0 212.6 205.7 211.0 205.9 787.3 738.4 798.9 747.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.9 166.0 178.2 169.0 70.7 66.7 70.1 66.7 356.6 350.4 361.5 352.6

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.7 163.4 214.2 163.4 64.7 60.8 65.8 60.7 289.9 278.0 306.5 284.0

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.2 435.9 575.3 435.1 261.7 226.4 262.1 228.7 715.7 693.3 722.5 693.8

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 49.7 61.0 47.5 22.9 19.0 22.6 19.0 66.4 64.8 66.6 64.6

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.5 224.6 272.9 229.4 80.0 83.6 80.1 83.5 374.2 364.1 377.4 367.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 43.8 47.4 41.3 16.9 15.8 17.3 15.9 80.9 79.3 81.6 79.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.8 304.4 355.3 310.1 122.0 118.0 121.3 120.0 444.6 432.3 449.7 436.1

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,399.0 1,175.6 1,407.3 1,201.0 446.5 417.3 448.0 424.4 1,962.8 1,940.2 2,001.6 1,959.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.0 131.2 154.4 132.7 42.4 46.0 43.3 46.0 257.4 259.9 258.8 258.8

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 22.7 35.7 22.8 10.3 9.5 10.3 9.7 57.6 56.3 59.4 56.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.2 336.6 410.3 343.8 201.8 193.6 202.1 194.6 733.4 706.1 739.4 710.1

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.5 265.7 348.3 264.1 127.8 109.5 126.7 110.4 576.3 551.7 593.9 550.3

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.0 62.7 75.4 62.7 24.2 23.2 24.1 23.6 152.7 145.9 154.7 147.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288.8 221.3 283.1 208.4 152.2 133.9 151.5 135.3 399.9 384.0 417.4 389.3

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 34.1 35.2 33.2 16.3 14.9 16.2 14.7 69.3 67.9 69.7 68.0

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.9 59.4 80.8 61.4 18.2 16.8 18.2 16.9 202.2 204.4 202.7 200.4

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.3 5.4 4.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 10.5 11.0 10.5 10.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
TEXAS

N.M.

CALIF.

NEV.

MONT.

ARIZ.

ORE.

S.D.

WYO.

KAN. MO.

N.D.

COLO.

NEB.

GA.

UTAH ILL.

MINN.

LA.

PA.

IDAHO

FLA.

N.Y

KY.

WIS.

N.C.

VA.

OKLA.

ALA.

ARK.

IOWA

WASH.

MISS.

IND.

OHIO

S.C.

MICH.

TENN.

W.VA.

MD.

Map 1. Unemployment rates by state, seasonally October 2020

(U.S. rate = 6.9 percent)

HAWAII

ALASKA
WASH.

ORE.

CALIF.

IDAHO

NEV.

ARIZ.

MONT.

WYO.

COLO.

N.M.

N.D.

S.D.

NEB.

KAN.

OKLA.

TEXAS

MINN.

IOWA

MO.

ARK.

LA.

WIS.

ILL.

MICH.

IND. OHIO

KY.

TENN.

MISS. ALA. GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA.

W.VA.

PA.

N.Y.

MAINE

N.H.

VT.

MASS.

R.I.

N.J.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

MD. UTAH

ALASKA

HAWAII

D.C.

Above -4.0%

-6.0% to -4.0%

-8.0% to -6.1%

-10.0% to -8.1%

Below -10.0%

Map 2. Percentage change in nonfarm employment by state,

seasonally adjusted, October 2019 - October 2020