Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-18-1240 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, August 3, 2018

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JULY 2018 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 157,000 in July, and the unemployment rate edged down 

to 3.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in professional 

and business services, in manufacturing, and in health care and social assistance. 

Household Survey Data 

In July, the unemployment rate edged down by 0.1 percentage point to 3.9 percent, following an 

increase in June. The number of unemployed persons declined by 284,000 to 6.3 million in July. Both 

measures were down over the year, by 0.4 percentage point and 676,000, respectively. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.4 percent) and Whites 

(3.4 percent) declined in July. The jobless rates for adult women (3.7 percent), teenagers (13.1 percent), 

Blacks (6.6 percent), Asians (3.1 percent), and Hispanics (4.5 percent) showed little or no change over 

the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, July 2016 – July 2018

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

July 2016 – July 2018

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18
‐2‐ 

Among the unemployed, the number of reentrants to the labor force decreased by 287,000 in July to 1.8 

million, following an increase in June. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in 

the labor force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 1.4 million in July and accounted for 22.7 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent in July, was unchanged over the month and over the 

year. The employment-population ratio, at 60.5 percent, was little changed in July but has increased 

by 0.3 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed in July, at 4.6 million, but was down by 669,000 over 

the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time 

because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In July, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year 

earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 512,000 discouraged workers in July, little changed from a 

year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no 

jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.0 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in 

July had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See 

table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 157,000 in July, compared with an average monthly 

gain of 203,000 over the prior 12 months. In July, job gains occurred in professional and business 

services, in manufacturing, and in health care and social assistance. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services increased by 51,000 in July and has risen by 

518,000 over the year. Over the month, employment edged up in temporary help services (+28,000) and 

in computer systems design and related services (+8,000). 

Manufacturing added 37,000 jobs in July, with most of the gain in the durable goods component. 

Employment rose in transportation equipment (+13,000), machinery (+6,000), and electronic 

instruments (+2,000). Over the past 12 months, manufacturing has added 327,000 jobs. 

In July, employment in health care and social assistance rose by 34,000. Health care employment 

continued to trend up over the month (+17,000) and has increased by 286,000 over the year. Hospitals 

added 7,000 jobs over the month. Within social assistance, individual and family services added 16,000 

jobs in July and 77,000 jobs over the year. 

Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up over the month (+26,000). 

Over the year, the industry has added 203,000 jobs. 
‐3‐ 

Construction employment continued to trend up in July (+19,000) and has increased by 308,000 over 

the year. 

In July, employment in retail trade changed little (+7,000). Job gains occurred in general merchandise 

stores (+14,000), clothing and clothing accessories stores (+10,000), and food and beverage stores 

(+8,000). These employment gains were offset by a decline of 32,000 in sporting goods, hobby, book, 

and music stores, reflecting job losses in hobby, toy, and game stores. 

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 

wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and 

government. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.5 

hours in July, following an increase of 0.1 hour in June. In manufacturing, both the workweek and 

overtime were unchanged in July, at 40.9 hours and 3.5 hours, respectively. The average workweek for 

production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See 

tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 7 cents to 

$27.05. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 71 cents, or 2.7 percent. Average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 3 cents to 

$22.65 in July. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised up from +244,000 to +268,000, 

and the change for June was revised up from +213,000 to +248,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in May and June combined were 59,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result 

from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 

estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 

224,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 7, 2018, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 

2018 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to the Establishment Survey Data will be 

Released on August 22, 2018 

Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of 

employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month 

of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that 

nearly all employers are required to file. On August 22, 2018, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT), the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the upcoming 

annual benchmark revision. This is the same day the first-quarter 2018 data from QCEW 

will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as 

total nonfarm and total private levels, will be available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm. The final benchmark revision will be issued with 

the publication of the January 2019 Employment Situation news release in February 2019. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category July

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Change from:

June 2018-

July 2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 255,151 257,454 257,642 257,843 201

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,467 161,539 162,140 162,245 105

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.9 62.7 62.9 62.9 0.0

Employed................................................................... 153,511 155,474 155,576 155,965 389

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.2 60.4 60.4 60.5 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 6,956 6,065 6,564 6,280 -284

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,684 95,915 95,502 95,598 96

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.7 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.3 12.8 12.6 13.1 0.5

White.......................................................................... 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 7.4 5.9 6.5 6.6 0.1

Asian.......................................................................... 3.8 2.1 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.6 3.0 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.0 5.4 5.5 5.1 -0.4

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.5 3.9 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,357 2,854 3,065 3,017 -48

Job leavers...................................................................... 760 852 811 844 33

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,086 1,882 2,086 1,799 -287

New entrants.................................................................... 697 571 578 591 13

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,135 2,034 2,227 2,091 -136

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,006 1,945 1,882 1,820 -62

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,022 977 836 971 135

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,757 1,189 1,478 1,435 -43

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,236 4,948 4,743 4,567 -176

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,148 3,004 3,042 2,877 -165

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,734 1,480 1,447 1,431 -16

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,311 21,095 21,304 21,532 228

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,629 1,455 1,437 1,498 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 536 378 359 512 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 268 248 157

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 260 234 170

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 56 52 52

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 6 -4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 30 13 19

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 23 33 37

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12 14 30 32

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -24.6 -6.8 11.1 5.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 3 5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 204 182 118

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 9.0 8.0 12.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.0 29.1 -20.2 7.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 15.8 18.9 -1.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.7 -1.7 -0.3 -2.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 3 1 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12 10 -5

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 49 43 51

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 -0.7 -7.5 27.9

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 42 69 22

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 35.9 37.2 33.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 35 34 40

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 11 18 -5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 14 -13

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 199 230 224

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 196 223 221

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.34 $26.94 $26.98 $27.05

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $906.10 $929.43 $933.51 $933.23

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.4 109.4 110.0 109.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.3 141.0 141.8 142.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 70.2 67.4 64.0

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 69.1 67.8 65.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255,151 257,642 257,843 255,151 257,097 257,272 257,454 257,642 257,843

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,911 163,277 163,734 160,467 161,763 161,527 161,539 162,140 162,245

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 63.4 63.5 62.9 62.9 62.8 62.7 62.9 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,470 156,465 157,004 153,511 155,178 155,181 155,474 155,576 155,965

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 60.7 60.9 60.2 60.4 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,441 6,812 6,730 6,956 6,585 6,346 6,065 6,564 6,280

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,240 94,365 94,109 94,684 95,335 95,745 95,915 95,502 95,598

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,713 5,654 5,483 5,384 5,096 5,115 5,183 5,258 5,163

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,311 124,604 124,704 123,311 124,331 124,418 124,509 124,604 124,704

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,212 86,988 87,102 84,994 86,169 86,152 86,157 86,056 85,950

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.9 69.8 69.8 68.9 69.3 69.2 69.2 69.1 68.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,484 83,414 83,828 81,288 82,630 82,611 82,784 82,522 82,684

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9 66.9 67.2 65.9 66.5 66.4 66.5 66.2 66.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,728 3,573 3,274 3,706 3,539 3,541 3,373 3,534 3,266

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,099 37,616 37,602 38,318 38,162 38,266 38,352 38,548 38,754

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,817 116,115 116,220 114,817 115,832 115,921 116,017 116,115 116,220

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,656 83,470 83,534 82,128 83,200 83,199 83,234 83,115 83,058

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 71.9 71.9 71.5 71.8 71.8 71.7 71.6 71.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,457 80,498 80,800 78,863 80,113 80,111 80,329 80,013 80,240

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 69.3 69.5 68.7 69.2 69.1 69.2 68.9 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,199 2,972 2,734 3,266 3,087 3,088 2,905 3,102 2,818

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 3.3 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,161 32,645 32,685 32,689 32,632 32,723 32,783 33,001 33,162

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,840 133,038 133,139 131,840 132,766 132,853 132,944 133,038 133,139

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,699 76,289 76,632 75,473 75,594 75,375 75,382 76,084 76,295

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 57.3 57.6 57.2 56.9 56.7 56.7 57.2 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,986 73,051 73,176 72,223 72,548 72,569 72,690 73,054 73,281

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 54.9 55.0 54.8 54.6 54.6 54.7 54.9 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,713 3,238 3,456 3,250 3,046 2,805 2,692 3,030 3,013

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,141 56,749 56,507 56,366 57,172 57,479 57,562 56,954 56,844

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,577 124,771 124,875 123,577 124,491 124,579 124,674 124,771 124,875

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,127 72,848 73,004 72,499 72,610 72,498 72,493 73,139 73,285

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 58.4 58.5 58.7 58.3 58.2 58.1 58.6 58.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,860 70,045 69,975 69,586 69,916 69,992 70,077 70,419 70,598

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 56.1 56.0 56.3 56.2 56.2 56.2 56.4 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,267 2,802 3,028 2,912 2,695 2,506 2,415 2,720 2,687

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,450 51,924 51,871 51,078 51,880 52,081 52,181 51,633 51,590

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,757 16,755 16,748 16,757 16,774 16,771 16,763 16,755 16,748

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,128 6,959 7,196 5,840 5,952 5,831 5,812 5,886 5,902

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 41.5 43.0 34.9 35.5 34.8 34.7 35.1 35.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,154 5,921 6,228 5,062 5,149 5,078 5,068 5,144 5,127

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 35.3 37.2 30.2 30.7 30.3 30.2 30.7 30.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974 1,038 967 778 803 752 745 743 775

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 14.9 13.4 13.3 13.5 12.9 12.8 12.6 13.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,629 9,797 9,552 10,917 10,822 10,941 10,951 10,869 10,846

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,974 200,132 200,236 198,974 199,871 199,950 200,039 200,132 200,236

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,046 126,669 126,927 124,887 125,714 125,731 125,688 125,784 125,720

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 63.3 63.4 62.8 62.9 62.9 62.8 62.9 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,029 121,964 122,332 120,285 121,236 121,233 121,303 121,347 121,506

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 60.9 61.1 60.5 60.7 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,017 4,706 4,595 4,603 4,478 4,498 4,385 4,437 4,214

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,928 73,463 73,309 74,087 74,157 74,219 74,350 74,348 74,517

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,555 66,109 65,957 65,154 65,928 65,982 65,890 65,855 65,614

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 72.2 71.9 71.6 72.1 72.1 72.0 71.9 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,394 64,037 64,110 62,926 63,734 63,746 63,785 63,695 63,690

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 69.9 69.9 69.2 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.5 69.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,161 2,072 1,847 2,228 2,194 2,235 2,106 2,159 1,924

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 2.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,081 55,195 55,382 55,334 55,176 55,179 55,197 55,420 55,534

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 57.4 57.5 57.8 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.6 57.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,839 53,265 53,272 53,422 53,385 53,429 53,450 53,608 53,746

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 55.4 55.3 55.8 55.6 55.6 55.6 55.7 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,242 1,930 2,110 1,912 1,791 1,750 1,747 1,812 1,787

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,411 5,365 5,588 4,400 4,610 4,570 4,601 4,510 4,572

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.8 43.6 45.4 35.7 37.4 37.1 37.3 36.6 37.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,796 4,662 4,950 3,937 4,117 4,057 4,068 4,044 4,069

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 37.9 40.2 31.9 33.4 32.9 33.0 32.8 33.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 703 638 463 492 512 533 466 502

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 13.1 11.4 10.5 10.7 11.2 11.6 10.3 11.0

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,260 32,737 32,771 32,260 32,638 32,672 32,704 32,737 32,771

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,309 20,546 20,708 20,102 20,466 20,220 20,296 20,364 20,495

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.8 63.2 62.3 62.7 61.9 62.1 62.2 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,719 19,194 19,255 18,618 19,051 18,892 19,092 19,045 19,144

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 58.6 58.8 57.7 58.4 57.8 58.4 58.2 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590 1,352 1,453 1,484 1,415 1,328 1,204 1,319 1,351

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 6.6 7.0 7.4 6.9 6.6 5.9 6.5 6.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,951 12,190 12,063 12,158 12,172 12,452 12,408 12,373 12,276

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,250 9,274 9,410 9,166 9,314 9,257 9,382 9,162 9,320

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 67.6 68.5 68.0 68.2 67.7 68.5 66.8 67.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,598 8,702 8,841 8,516 8,749 8,663 8,792 8,573 8,751

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 63.5 64.4 63.2 64.1 63.3 64.2 62.5 63.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652 572 570 650 564 594 590 589 569

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 6.2 6.1 7.1 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,118 10,364 10,391 10,163 10,337 10,229 10,233 10,406 10,426

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.7 62.8 62.4 62.7 62.0 62.0 63.0 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,420 9,803 9,709 9,509 9,713 9,707 9,754 9,838 9,793

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 59.3 58.7 58.4 59.0 58.9 59.1 59.5 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 561 682 654 624 522 479 568 633

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 5.4 6.6 6.4 6.0 5.1 4.7 5.5 6.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941 908 906 773 816 734 681 796 750

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 36.3 36.3 30.8 32.6 29.3 27.3 31.9 30.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 689 705 594 588 521 547 635 600

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 27.6 28.2 23.6 23.5 20.8 21.9 25.4 24.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 219 201 179 227 213 135 162 149

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 24.1 22.2 23.2 27.9 29.0 19.8 20.3 19.9

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,290 15,934 15,922 15,290 15,983 15,933 15,874 15,934 15,922

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,866 10,207 10,227 9,787 10,092 10,034 9,932 10,140 10,153

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 64.1 64.2 64.0 63.1 63.0 62.6 63.6 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,467 9,858 9,889 9,419 9,780 9,755 9,720 9,817 9,838

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 61.9 62.1 61.6 61.2 61.2 61.2 61.6 61.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 349 338 368 313 280 212 322 314

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.1 2.8 2.1 3.2 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,424 5,727 5,695 5,503 5,891 5,898 5,942 5,794 5,769

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 41,404 42,679 42,767 41,404 42,419 42,507 42,592 42,679 42,767

Civilian labor force................................ 27,677 28,515 28,701 27,488 27,922 28,229 28,205 28,369 28,495

Participation rate............................... 66.8 66.8 67.1 66.4 65.8 66.4 66.2 66.5 66.6

Employed....................................... 26,204 27,209 27,380 26,076 26,500 26,860 26,827 27,077 27,223

Employment-population ratio............... 63.3 63.8 64.0 63.0 62.5 63.2 63.0 63.4 63.7

Unemployed.................................... 1,473 1,306 1,322 1,412 1,421 1,368 1,378 1,292 1,273

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 4.6 4.6 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.5

Not in labor force................................. 13,727 14,164 14,066 13,917 14,497 14,278 14,387 14,310 14,272

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,146 15,578 15,578 15,084 15,370 15,535 15,444 15,557 15,519

Participation rate............................... 81.2 80.9 80.7 80.9 80.3 81.0 80.3 80.8 80.4

Employed....................................... 14,537 15,035 15,141 14,423 14,688 14,901 14,845 14,961 15,017

Employment-population ratio............... 78.0 78.0 78.4 77.4 76.7 77.7 77.2 77.7 77.8

Unemployed.................................... 609 544 436 662 682 635 599 596 502

Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.5 2.8 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,121 11,622 11,630 11,188 11,230 11,398 11,507 11,626 11,684

Participation rate............................... 58.8 59.7 59.6 59.1 58.0 58.8 59.2 59.7 59.8

Employed....................................... 10,486 11,059 11,038 10,592 10,677 10,856 10,917 11,065 11,131

Employment-population ratio............... 55.4 56.8 56.5 56.0 55.2 56.0 56.2 56.8 57.0

Unemployed.................................... 635 563 592 595 553 541 590 561 553

Unemployment rate......................... 5.7 4.8 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.8 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,410 1,315 1,494 1,216 1,321 1,296 1,254 1,186 1,292

Participation rate............................... 36.7 33.4 37.9 31.6 33.7 33.0 31.9 30.2 32.8

Employed....................................... 1,182 1,115 1,200 1,061 1,135 1,103 1,065 1,051 1,075

Employment-population ratio............... 30.7 28.3 30.5 27.6 29.0 28.1 27.1 26.7 27.3

Unemployed.................................... 229 200 294 155 186 192 189 135 218

Unemployment rate......................... 16.2 15.2 19.7 12.8 14.1 14.8 15.1 11.4 16.8

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,403 10,650 10,047 10,577 10,234 10,285 10,242 10,508 10,212

Participation rate.................................. 46.5 46.5 46.1 47.3 45.7 45.9 45.2 45.9 46.9

Employed.......................................... 9,695 10,134 9,573 9,838 9,666 9,683 9,688 9,926 9,695

Employment-population ratio................. 43.4 44.3 44.0 44.0 43.2 43.3 42.7 43.4 44.5

Unemployed....................................... 708 516 474 739 568 602 554 582 517

Unemployment rate............................ 6.8 4.8 4.7 7.0 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.5 5.1

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,451 35,863 36,368 35,643 35,863 35,468 35,702 36,050 36,534

Participation rate.................................. 57.4 57.6 57.6 57.7 57.1 56.9 57.2 57.9 57.9

Employed.......................................... 33,852 34,466 34,900 34,035 34,305 33,940 34,306 34,549 35,056

Employment-population ratio................. 54.8 55.4 55.3 55.1 54.6 54.5 54.9 55.5 55.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,599 1,397 1,468 1,608 1,559 1,528 1,395 1,501 1,478

Unemployment rate............................ 4.5 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,485 37,831 37,533 37,419 37,589 37,944 37,921 37,863 37,531

Participation rate.................................. 65.4 65.3 65.4 65.3 65.6 65.5 65.7 65.3 65.4

Employed.......................................... 36,033 36,604 36,305 36,023 36,241 36,629 36,694 36,602 36,340

Employment-population ratio................. 62.9 63.2 63.2 62.9 63.2 63.2 63.6 63.2 63.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,451 1,227 1,229 1,396 1,348 1,315 1,228 1,261 1,191

Unemployment rate............................ 3.9 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 55,465 56,293 56,771 55,663 56,785 56,794 56,739 56,613 56,940

Participation rate.................................. 73.4 73.5 73.2 73.7 74.2 74.2 74.1 74.0 73.4

Employed.......................................... 54,000 54,929 55,330 54,359 55,534 55,616 55,593 55,296 55,672

Employment-population ratio................. 71.5 71.8 71.4 72.0 72.6 72.6 72.6 72.2 71.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,465 1,364 1,441 1,304 1,252 1,178 1,147 1,317 1,268

Unemployment rate............................ 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,553 19,183 18,522 17,317 2,031 1,866

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,057 9,428 8,861 8,294 1,195 1,134

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 49.1 47.8 47.9 58.8 60.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,700 9,145 8,540 8,038 1,160 1,107

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 47.7 46.1 46.4 57.1 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 283 321 255 35 27

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.0 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,496 9,755 9,661 9,023 836 732

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,131 4,182 3,369 3,485 762 697

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,314 3,325 2,776 2,815 537 511

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 79.5 82.4 80.8 70.5 73.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,160 3,227 2,642 2,729 518 498

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 77.2 78.4 78.3 68.0 71.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 99 134 86 19 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.0 4.8 3.1 3.6 2.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 857 593 670 225 187

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,341 3,063 2,870 2,564 471 499

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,596 2,440 2,255 2,067 341 372

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.7 79.7 78.6 80.6 72.4 74.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,507 2,381 2,171 2,014 336 367

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 77.7 75.6 78.6 71.3 73.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 59 84 53 5 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 2.4 3.7 2.6 1.5 1.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 623 615 497 130 126

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,049 7,608 7,758 7,349 291 259

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,813 1,604 1,755 1,573 58 31

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 21.1 22.6 21.4 19.9 12.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,749 1,526 1,691 1,497 58 30

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 20.1 21.8 20.4 19.9 11.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 78 64 77 0 1

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.9 3.6 4.9 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,236 6,004 6,003 5,776 233 228

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,032 4,330 4,525 3,919 507 411

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,333 2,058 2,074 1,839 259 220

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 47.5 45.8 46.9 51.1 53.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,284 2,011 2,036 1,799 248 212

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 46.4 45.0 45.9 48.9 51.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 47 39 40 11 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.2 4.2 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,699 2,272 2,451 2,080 248 191

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,662 230,008 100,240 103,000 125,422 127,008

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,056 151,617 76,042 77,532 73,014 74,086

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 65.9 75.9 75.3 58.2 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,454 145,563 72,876 74,718 69,578 70,845

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 63.3 72.7 72.5 55.5 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,602 6,054 3,166 2,814 3,436 3,241

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.0 4.2 3.6 4.7 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,606 78,390 24,198 25,468 52,408 52,922

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,414 29,886 224,737 227,957

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,333 6,049 155,578 157,685

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.8 20.2 69.2 69.2

Employed............................................................................. 5,723 5,538 148,747 151,466

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.8 18.5 66.2 66.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 610 511 6,831 6,219

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.6 8.5 4.4 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,081 23,837 69,159 70,272

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,872 2,580 78,120 78,914

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.8 34.8 83.9 83.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,572 2,343 74,842 76,101

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.1 31.6 80.4 80.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 300 236 3,277 2,814

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.4 9.2 4.2 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,149 4,834 15,016 15,347

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,390 2,301 69,074 69,908

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.4 30.0 71.5 71.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,147 2,081 65,764 66,829

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.3 27.1 68.1 68.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 243 220 3,310 3,079

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.2 9.5 4.8 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,474 5,369 27,500 27,264

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,071 1,169 8,384 8,862

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.4 7.9 23.9 24.3

Employed............................................................................. 1,004 1,113 8,140 8,536

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.9 7.5 23.2 23.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 67 56 244 326

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.3 4.8 2.9 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,458 13,633 26,642 27,661

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,452 42,279 20,085 20,486 21,367 21,792

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,536 27,858 15,801 16,209 11,735 11,649

Participation rate.................................................. 66.4 65.9 78.7 79.1 54.9 53.5

Employed.......................................................... 26,438 26,942 15,290 15,769 11,148 11,173

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.8 63.7 76.1 77.0 52.2 51.3

Unemployed....................................................... 1,098 916 511 440 587 476

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.0 3.3 3.2 2.7 5.0 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,916 14,420 4,283 4,277 9,632 10,143

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 213,699 215,564 103,227 104,218 110,472 111,346

Civilian labor force.................................................. 134,375 135,876 70,411 70,893 63,964 64,983

Participation rate.................................................. 62.9 63.0 68.2 68.0 57.9 58.4

Employed.......................................................... 128,033 130,062 67,194 68,059 60,838 62,003

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.9 60.3 65.1 65.3 55.1 55.7

Unemployed....................................................... 6,342 5,814 3,216 2,834 3,126 2,980

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.0 4.9 4.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,324 79,688 32,816 33,325 46,508 46,363

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,506 2,503 2,656 2,364 2,314 2,294 2,345 2,350 2,498

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,739 1,682 1,822 1,597 1,495 1,517 1,573 1,567 1,658

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 737 779 806 725 803 745 742 736 783

Unpaid family workers........................... 30 42 28 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 151,964 153,962 154,348 151,118 152,747 152,889 153,211 153,309 153,473

Wage and salary workers1...................... 143,372 145,061 145,370 142,549 143,688 143,785 144,124 144,524 144,447

Government..................................... 20,161 20,522 20,036 21,029 20,957 21,222 21,045 20,986 20,900

Private industries............................... 123,211 124,539 125,335 121,486 122,761 122,616 123,090 123,478 123,541

Private households.......................... 686 769 800 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 122,525 123,770 124,534 120,825 121,977 121,858 122,319 122,757 122,772

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,538 8,808 8,911 8,471 8,990 8,995 9,013 8,728 8,880

Unpaid family workers........................... 54 93 66 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,475 5,042 4,766 5,236 5,019 4,985 4,948 4,743 4,567

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,233 3,178 2,922 3,148 3,005 2,994 3,004 3,042 2,877

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,763 1,486 1,445 1,734 1,625 1,586 1,480 1,447 1,431

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,707 20,308 20,059 21,311 21,399 21,258 21,095 21,304 21,532

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,430 4,974 4,701 5,176 4,944 4,898 4,872 4,662 4,482

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,214 3,133 2,891 3,130 2,940 2,923 2,948 3,004 2,836

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,748 1,468 1,425 1,721 1,619 1,575 1,464 1,431 1,415

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,385 19,938 19,694 21,027 20,999 20,891 20,766 20,941 21,177

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,470 156,465 157,004 153,511 155,178 155,181 155,474 155,576 155,965

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,154 5,921 6,228 5,062 5,149 5,078 5,068 5,144 5,127

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,316 2,080 2,296 1,814 1,892 1,838 1,771 1,797 1,815

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,837 3,841 3,933 3,245 3,261 3,257 3,285 3,344 3,315

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,317 150,544 150,775 148,449 150,028 150,102 150,406 150,432 150,838

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,737 14,411 14,668 14,182 14,334 14,172 14,069 14,046 14,128

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,580 136,133 136,107 134,278 135,779 135,906 136,373 136,422 136,762

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,476 100,020 100,005 98,884 100,051 99,965 100,105 100,204 100,417

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,376 35,305 35,353 34,499 35,106 35,083 35,221 35,288 35,444

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,728 32,527 32,546 31,883 32,462 32,614 32,492 32,566 32,690

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,371 32,187 32,107 32,503 32,484 32,268 32,392 32,350 32,283

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,104 36,114 36,102 35,394 35,728 35,941 36,268 36,218 36,346

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,484 83,414 83,828 81,288 82,630 82,611 82,784 82,522 82,684

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,028 2,916 3,028 2,425 2,517 2,500 2,455 2,509 2,444

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,068 1,022 1,072 795 891 858 849 855 814

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,960 1,894 1,956 1,629 1,639 1,651 1,610 1,644 1,629

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,457 80,498 80,800 78,863 80,113 80,111 80,329 80,013 80,240

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,745 7,412 7,522 7,343 7,445 7,291 7,205 7,191 7,149

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,711 73,087 73,278 71,552 72,707 72,840 73,131 72,869 73,126

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,875 53,740 53,794 52,707 53,647 53,686 53,728 53,588 53,673

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,557 19,140 19,126 18,484 18,942 18,946 18,992 19,006 19,054

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,184 17,656 17,737 17,137 17,576 17,644 17,634 17,598 17,691

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,135 16,945 16,931 17,086 17,130 17,096 17,101 16,984 16,928

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,836 19,346 19,484 18,845 19,060 19,154 19,403 19,281 19,453

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,986 73,051 73,176 72,223 72,548 72,569 72,690 73,054 73,281

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,126 3,005 3,201 2,637 2,632 2,578 2,613 2,635 2,683

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248 1,058 1,224 1,019 1,001 980 922 942 1,001

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,878 1,947 1,977 1,616 1,622 1,606 1,675 1,700 1,687

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,860 70,045 69,975 69,586 69,916 69,992 70,077 70,419 70,598

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,991 6,999 7,146 6,839 6,889 6,882 6,864 6,855 6,979

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,869 63,047 62,829 62,726 63,071 63,067 63,243 63,553 63,636

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,600 46,279 46,211 46,178 46,404 46,280 46,377 46,616 46,744

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,819 16,165 16,226 16,014 16,164 16,137 16,229 16,282 16,390

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,544 14,871 14,809 14,746 14,886 14,970 14,858 14,969 14,998

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,236 15,242 15,176 15,418 15,354 15,172 15,291 15,366 15,355

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,269 16,767 16,618 16,548 16,667 16,787 16,865 16,937 16,892

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,484 45,811 45,626 45,577 45,865 45,995 46,041 45,689 45,751

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,152 35,607 35,272 35,903 35,564 36,140 35,978 35,976 35,986

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,654 9,763 9,842 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,542 129,937 130,644 126,002 127,434 127,753 128,657 128,568 129,021

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,929 26,528 26,359 27,567 27,858 27,508 26,883 27,028 26,992

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,303 7,457 7,833 7,564 7,609 7,667 7,442 7,619 8,072

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.2

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,752 5,586 5,545 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,275 9,587 9,718 9,196 9,793 9,741 9,755 9,464 9,663

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,956 6,564 6,280 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 778 743 775 13.3 13.5 12.9 12.8 12.6 13.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 334 303 285 15.5 14.9 13.8 14.8 14.4 13.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 404 430 473 11.1 12.6 12.7 12.2 11.4 12.5

20 years and over................................ 6,178 5,821 5,505 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,129 1,123 1,048 7.4 6.6 6.7 7.1 7.4 6.9

25 years and over.............................. 5,051 4,665 4,460 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.2

25 to 54 years............................... 3,896 3,448 3,286 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,642 1,424 1,294 4.5 4.2 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 1,182 1,038 1,033 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.1

45 to 54 years............................. 1,072 986 960 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.9

55 years and over........................... 1,161 1,168 1,157 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.1

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,706 3,534 3,266 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 440 432 449 15.4 15.2 15.3 16.0 14.7 15.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 175 169 156 18.0 16.1 17.2 18.0 16.5 16.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 231 251 276 12.4 14.5 14.6 15.1 13.2 14.5

20 years and over................................ 3,266 3,102 2,818 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 634 640 575 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.2 7.4

25 years and over.............................. 2,637 2,442 2,250 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,060 1,797 1,637 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 869 749 687 4.5 4.1 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 627 527 467 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 565 522 484 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8

55 years and over........................... 577 644 613 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,250 3,030 3,013 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 338 310 327 11.4 11.8 10.4 9.6 10.5 10.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 159 134 129 13.5 13.8 10.6 11.6 12.4 11.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 172 179 197 9.6 10.6 10.6 9.2 9.5 10.5

20 years and over................................ 2,912 2,720 2,687 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 495 483 473 6.7 5.7 5.7 6.2 6.6 6.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,415 2,224 2,210 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 1,836 1,651 1,649 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.4

25 to 34 years............................. 773 675 607 4.6 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 555 511 566 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 507 464 476 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.9 3.0

55 years and over........................... 565 519 529 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,100 968 931 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,047 940 939 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5

Women who maintain families2.................... 703 573 588 6.8 5.6 5.5 4.7 5.5 5.6

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,678 5,306 5,058 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.8

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,288 1,222 1,242 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,519 3,022 3,164 3,357 3,146 2,958 2,854 3,065 3,017

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,226 952 1,080 1,030 865 862 803 906 890

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,293 2,070 2,084 2,327 2,281 2,096 2,052 2,159 2,127

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,666 1,422 1,438 1,669 1,645 1,418 1,439 1,486 1,455

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 627 647 646 658 637 678 612 673 672

Job leavers........................................... 775 776 869 760 864 815 852 811 844

Reentrants............................................ 2,206 2,184 1,893 2,086 1,967 2,009 1,882 2,086 1,799

New entrants......................................... 941 829 803 697 625 623 571 578 591

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 47.3 44.4 47.0 48.7 47.7 46.2 46.3 46.9 48.3

On temporary layoff.............................. 16.5 14.0 16.0 14.9 13.1 13.5 13.0 13.9 14.2

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 30.8 30.4 31.0 33.7 34.6 32.7 33.3 33.0 34.0

Job leavers........................................... 10.4 11.4 12.9 11.0 13.1 12.7 13.8 12.4 13.5

Reentrants............................................ 29.7 32.1 28.1 30.2 29.8 31.4 30.6 31.9 28.8

New entrants......................................... 12.6 12.2 11.9 10.1 9.5 9.7 9.3 8.8 9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,364 2,991 2,248 2,135 2,287 2,115 2,034 2,227 2,091

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,432 1,665 2,185 2,006 2,009 2,017 1,945 1,882 1,820

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,645 2,156 2,297 2,779 2,202 2,329 2,166 2,314 2,406

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 843 811 818 1,022 880 1,036 977 836 971

27 weeks and over............................... 1,802 1,345 1,480 1,757 1,322 1,293 1,189 1,478 1,435

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 23.6 19.4 22.0 25.0 24.1 23.1 21.3 21.2 23.2

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.1 6.6 8.8 10.4 9.1 9.8 9.2 8.9 9.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 31.8 43.9 33.4 30.9 35.2 32.7 33.1 34.7 33.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 32.7 24.4 32.5 29.0 30.9 31.2 31.7 29.3 28.8

15 weeks and over.................................. 35.5 31.7 34.1 40.2 33.9 36.0 35.2 36.0 38.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 11.3 11.9 12.2 14.8 13.5 16.0 15.9 13.0 15.4

27 weeks and over............................... 24.2 19.7 22.0 25.4 20.3 20.0 19.4 23.0 22.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 154,470 157,004 7,441 6,730 4.6 4.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 59,923 61,433 1,656 1,539 2.7 2.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,226 25,739 489 511 1.9 1.9

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,698 35,694 1,166 1,028 3.3 2.8

Service occupations................................................ 27,942 27,887 1,489 1,508 5.1 5.1

Sales and office occupations...................................... 34,014 34,025 1,446 1,431 4.1 4.0

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,882 16,023 692 662 4.2 4.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 18,132 18,003 754 769 4.0 4.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,383 15,005 789 589 5.2 3.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,259 1,285 103 97 7.6 7.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,110 8,527 545 373 6.3 4.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,013 5,193 141 119 2.7 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,208 18,654 1,100 850 5.7 4.4

Production occupations.......................................... 8,607 8,466 462 366 5.1 4.1

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,601 10,188 638 484 6.2 4.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,441 6,730 4.6 4.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,230 4,819 4.1 3.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 32 29 4.5 3.4

Construction.......................................................................... 469 333 4.9 3.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 639 596 4.0 3.8

Durable goods..................................................................... 399 339 4.0 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................ 240 257 4.1 4.4

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 970 841 4.8 4.1

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 262 254 3.9 3.6

Information............................................................................ 111 114 4.3 4.2

Financial activities................................................................... 230 233 2.3 2.3

Professional and business services............................................... 687 632 4.0 3.6

Education and health services..................................................... 830 767 3.5 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 739 779 4.9 5.2

Other services........................................................................ 262 242 4.0 3.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 89 112 5.0 5.9

Government workers................................................................... 872 744 4.1 3.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 310 253 3.2 2.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

June

2018

July

2018

July

2017

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.8

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.9 8.1 7.9 8.5 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.8 7.5

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

July

2017

July

2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 93,240 94,109 37,099 37,602 56,141 56,507

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,713 5,483 2,600 2,529 3,113 2,953

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,629 1,498 837 727 792 771

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 536 512 276 327 259 184

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,093 986 560 400 533 587

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,303 7,833 3,680 3,715 3,623 4,118

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.7 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.6

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,938 4,255 2,171 2,222 1,767 2,034

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,979 2,030 663 685 1,316 1,346

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 352 416 227 234 124 182

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 983 1,085 588 551 395 534

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Change

from:

June2018

-

July2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,486 149,345 150,057 148,901 146,728 148,723 148,971 149,128 157

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,439 126,680 127,777 127,857 124,402 126,390 126,624 126,794 170

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,387 20,672 20,985 21,073 20,040 20,624 20,676 20,728 52

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 732 747 748 682 733 739 735 -4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 48.6 48.4 50.1 49.0 49.7 48.2 48.8 0.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641.3 683.1 698.4 698.1 632.5 683.0 690.3 686.5 -3.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.5 151.0 154.3 154.2 144.8 151.7 152.6 152.3 -0.3

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.1 190.2 193.6 193.7 185.4 188.4 189.4 189.5 0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.7 52.9 53.2 52.9 52.0 53.1 53.1 53.1 0.0

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.3 38.8 39.5 39.8 39.0 39.1 39.1 39.3 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 98.5 100.9 101.0 94.4 96.2 97.1 97.2 0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.7 341.9 350.5 350.2 302.3 342.9 348.3 344.7 -3.6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,197 7,283 7,443 7,500 6,934 7,210 7,223 7,242 19

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,578.6 1,600.9 1,639.7 1,653.4 1,533.5 1,598.8 1,603.9 1,608.3 4.4

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771.1 793.2 814.7 819.5 748.4 791.9 796.1 796.7 0.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.5 807.7 825.0 833.9 785.1 806.9 807.8 811.6 3.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,054.2 1,042.5 1,072.8 1,083.1 989.0 1,011.1 1,015.3 1,016.1 0.8

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,563.7 4,639.6 4,730.5 4,763.6 4,411.9 4,600.1 4,603.5 4,617.7 14.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,008.6 2,045.8 2,088.2 2,095.3 1,936.2 2,020.9 2,021.6 2,027.2 5.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,555.1 2,593.8 2,642.3 2,668.3 2,475.7 2,579.2 2,581.9 2,590.5 8.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,498 12,657 12,795 12,825 12,424 12,681 12,714 12,751 37

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,743 7,914 7,999 8,005 7,719 7,919 7,949 7,981 32

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.8 406.2 411.0 411.0 396.6 405.3 406.2 407.0 0.8

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.8 422.5 427.6 426.2 410.4 418.0 419.2 418.5 -0.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.9 379.5 383.4 382.7 373.8 380.1 382.9 382.2 -0.7

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,438.0 1,481.6 1,498.7 1,501.7 1,431.4 1,481.8 1,489.5 1,494.6 5.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,086.5 1,119.6 1,132.6 1,137.4 1,081.2 1,121.5 1,125.6 1,131.4 5.8

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,045.6 1,062.4 1,072.6 1,075.8 1,040.3 1,064.4 1,067.3 1,070.2 2.9

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 158.1 169.0 170.6 170.6 157.2 169.5 169.8 169.8 0.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.5 85.8 86.6 86.3 87.0 85.9 85.9 85.8 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.0 368.1 371.8 373.4 362.0 369.0 370.0 371.4 1.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.6 407.1 411.0 413.6 399.8 407.7 409.4 411.4 2.0

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 32.4 32.6 31.9 34.3 32.3 32.2 31.8 -0.4

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 391.2 402.3 406.6 408.6 388.5 403.6 404.0 405.7 1.7

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600.0 1,650.2 1,672.9 1,666.1 1,612.4 1,653.5 1,666.8 1,679.9 13.1

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916.9 954.4 969.7 957.0 931.4 955.2 966.3 972.2 5.9

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.6 391.5 393.6 393.2 393.4 391.5 390.9 390.8 -0.1

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.5 598.3 600.4 602.2 591.4 598.9 596.8 600.4 3.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,755 4,743 4,796 4,820 4,705 4,762 4,765 4,770 5

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630.8 1,615.1 1,650.8 1,669.5 1,603.0 1,635.6 1,639.8 1,641.9 2.1

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.1 111.7 111.7 111.7 111.3 111.6 111.7 111.8 0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 110.7 111.5 111.4 114.6 110.9 110.7 110.9 0.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.4 116.6 114.9 114.4 120.0 116.7 114.8 115.7 0.9

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.7 375.5 376.7 377.0 367.6 374.4 374.5 375.1 0.6

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 443.2 433.8 435.5 434.6 442.0 434.1 433.9 433.1 -0.8

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.4 117.1 118.9 120.7 115.4 116.3 116.5 117.3 0.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828.3 828.2 835.7 836.8 823.2 829.3 831.1 831.5 0.4

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718.2 728.5 730.0 731.9 714.6 727.2 728.1 729.1 1.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.2 305.6 309.8 311.6 293.2 305.7 304.0 303.4 -0.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,052 106,008 106,792 106,784 104,362 105,766 105,948 106,066 118

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,460 27,685 27,812 27,786 27,470 27,779 27,786 27,801 15

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,936.5 5,964.8 6,003.8 6,012.8 5,904.6 5,961.2 5,969.2 5,981.5 12.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,983.4 3,011.0 3,033.1 3,036.7 2,966.0 3,011.2 3,015.8 3,020.6 4.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056.0 2,056.0 2,060.5 2,063.6 2,044.5 2,051.2 2,047.0 2,052.4 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Change

from:

June2018

-

July2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.1 897.8 910.2 912.5 894.1 898.8 906.4 908.5 2.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,866.7 15,887.5 15,942.9 15,963.8 15,847.6 15,957.1 15,936.9 15,944.0 7.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,025.2 2,033.1 2,043.1 2,049.9 2,008.8 2,026.9 2,029.8 2,033.7 3.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,302.5 1,305.6 1,310.9 1,313.9 1,297.4 1,305.5 1,307.8 1,309.1 1.3

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.5 161.6 165.3 164.3 156.5 155.6 155.4 154.9 -0.5

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 556.2 565.9 566.9 571.7 555.0 565.8 566.6 569.7 3.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 469.1 477.2 478.0 477.9 474.3 483.2 483.8 483.7 -0.1

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 493.9 492.2 488.8 493.5 503.3 500.8 499.4 500.9 1.5

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309.1 1,385.5 1,376.2 1,346.4 1,274.3 1,312.5 1,312.8 1,313.1 0.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,109.8 3,093.9 3,119.7 3,125.0 3,081.7 3,099.4 3,090.8 3,099.0 8.2

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057.8 1,052.0 1,053.9 1,048.3 1,061.4 1,056.7 1,056.6 1,054.0 -2.6

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942.6 940.7 949.9 949.9 930.4 937.7 938.2 938.3 0.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,364.4 1,335.3 1,357.5 1,386.1 1,372.0 1,376.4 1,380.7 1,390.7 10.0

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.1 579.6 581.0 554.3 604.3 600.0 600.5 568.7 -31.8

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,102.4 3,081.0 3,067.6 3,099.2 3,135.8 3,141.1 3,120.0 3,134.2 14.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,153.4 1,135.1 1,136.5 1,149.8 1,177.7 1,176.1 1,172.7 1,172.8 0.1

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,949.0 1,945.9 1,931.1 1,949.4 1,958.1 1,965.0 1,947.2 1,961.4 14.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.7 832.6 836.8 839.3 828.1 827.9 827.9 828.4 0.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566.6 584.4 590.4 594.0 573.2 594.5 596.4 599.3 2.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,097.5 5,279.5 5,309.0 5,254.1 5,163.9 5,307.2 5,326.1 5,324.8 -1.3

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.3 504.3 508.5 508.7 491.8 502.5 503.9 504.4 0.5

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.9 214.0 214.4 214.4 214.4 213.7 213.3 213.7 0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 66.1 68.5 69.5 64.8 65.6 66.0 66.4 0.4

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,471.3 1,472.5 1,489.5 1,498.5 1,453.8 1,474.5 1,476.5 1,480.9 4.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.8 510.7 492.0 422.7 489.5 492.2 498.5 483.7 -14.8

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 46.9 47.4 47.3 47.8 47.0 47.3 47.1 -0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 47.8 38.9 43.7 45.8 36.2 35.5 34.8 34.8 0.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 692.5 706.8 712.8 708.4 690.7 707.9 710.5 707.3 -3.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.0 697.9 709.5 708.1 685.0 736.6 741.7 749.3 7.6

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984.2 1,021.4 1,022.7 1,030.7 989.9 1,031.7 1,033.6 1,037.2 3.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559.2 553.2 556.4 555.5 554.0 553.7 553.4 550.6 -2.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,807 2,765 2,786 2,788 2,793 2,771 2,772 2,772 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 725.5 709.6 715.1 716.8 722.3 714.0 715.5 713.6 -1.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.0 422.1 419.2 414.6 424.6 415.8 409.9 407.6 -2.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.4 261.9 263.3 263.6 263.7 263.2 263.6 264.5 0.9

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781.4 757.6 762.8 765.1 780.4 761.6 762.9 763.5 0.6

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.3 328.2 331.6 331.1 318.8 327.9 329.3 329.6 0.3

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.8 285.7 293.9 296.7 283.2 288.4 291.2 293.6 2.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,545 8,550 8,639 8,652 8,462 8,563 8,573 8,568 -5

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,309.1 6,311.2 6,353.0 6,352.9 6,278.0 6,322.4 6,329.0 6,319.6 -9.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.2 19.0 19.3 19.5 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.2 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,668.6 2,662.0 2,680.9 2,681.0 2,654.5 2,665.6 2,668.9 2,665.8 -3.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,726.4 1,720.4 1,730.4 1,730.8 1,716.9 1,719.7 1,722.7 1,720.6 -2.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332.4 1,324.3 1,330.6 1,330.6 1,326.2 1,323.6 1,326.1 1,323.2 -2.9

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 628.4 628.2 634.2 634.4 626.9 631.8 632.3 632.2 -0.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 313.8 313.4 316.3 315.8 310.8 314.0 313.8 313.1 -0.7

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 955.0 958.5 969.0 975.0 945.5 963.1 964.0 964.4 0.4

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,666.3 2,671.7 2,683.8 2,677.4 2,659.0 2,674.6 2,676.9 2,670.2 -6.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,235.5 2,239.0 2,286.2 2,298.7 2,184.4 2,240.2 2,244.4 2,247.9 3.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,620.4 1,621.6 1,647.7 1,656.4 1,594.0 1,625.2 1,628.4 1,630.4 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Change

from:

June2018

-

July2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590.3 592.0 612.0 615.7 566.2 589.7 590.2 591.7 1.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 24.8 25.4 26.5 26.6 24.2 25.3 25.8 25.8 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,619 20,936 21,124 21,147 20,501 20,925 20,968 21,019 51

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,022.5 9,148.8 9,216.9 9,257.6 9,016.2 9,201.3 9,226.7 9,242.6 15.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,145.5 1,133.9 1,149.8 1,148.0 1,135.4 1,136.3 1,139.5 1,137.4 -2.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 935.7 960.3 951.7 954.1 996.9 1,004.5 1,005.7 1,008.2 2.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,459.0 1,469.9 1,496.3 1,505.2 1,436.5 1,471.0 1,477.5 1,482.3 4.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.2 138.7 139.2 137.4 139.2 138.0 138.0 136.6 -1.4

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,054.0 2,098.3 2,100.8 2,125.5 2,044.0 2,100.8 2,106.3 2,114.6 8.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412.8 1,440.8 1,451.4 1,457.2 1,404.3 1,443.1 1,447.5 1,449.1 1.6

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668.8 674.4 687.3 692.3 659.9 674.7 679.5 682.3 2.8

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.1 498.2 498.7 496.9 491.2 497.3 495.4 493.8 -1.6

Other professional and technical services. . . 712.4 734.3 741.7 741.0 708.7 735.5 737.3 738.3 1.0

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,315.4 2,320.2 2,346.6 2,351.5 2,297.5 2,324.4 2,332.2 2,332.8 0.6

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,281.5 9,467.0 9,560.0 9,538.3 9,187.4 9,399.3 9,408.8 9,443.7 34.9

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,862.7 9,036.6 9,124.0 9,099.5 8,777.2 8,971.0 8,979.8 9,013.7 33.9

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 512.1 522.8 526.6 526.5 511.2 522.7 524.5 525.5 1.0

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.9 156.0 156.1 155.4 153.3 155.9 155.6 155.8 0.2

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,585.0 3,709.0 3,730.6 3,709.9 3,616.9 3,718.6 3,712.5 3,743.9 31.4

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,920.2 3,023.2 3,036.3 3,015.4 2,956.4 3,032.7 3,025.2 3,053.1 27.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891.8 896.7 895.1 896.3 905.9 909.2 909.1 911.0 1.9

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.9 219.6 221.2 218.2 218.2 217.3 216.7 214.9 -1.8

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 915.8 938.5 939.5 940.7 917.9 939.4 940.3 942.5 2.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,256.5 2,254.9 2,311.3 2,313.5 2,129.5 2,171.0 2,183.3 2,183.1 -0.2

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.7 339.1 343.6 339.0 324.3 336.9 337.8 337.2 -0.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.8 430.4 436.0 438.8 410.2 428.3 429.0 430.0 1.0

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,881 23,635 23,435 23,304 23,235 23,571 23,640 23,662 22

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,345.9 3,755.7 3,518.0 3,398.3 3,671.0 3,709.8 3,741.3 3,730.5 -10.8

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,535.5 19,879.2 19,916.7 19,905.5 19,564.0 19,861.0 19,898.2 19,931.7 33.5

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,775.2 15,976.9 16,038.2 16,059.4 15,752.4 15,995.1 16,021.2 16,037.9 16.7

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,318.2 7,476.2 7,498.2 7,505.4 7,315.1 7,476.4 7,492.9 7,502.8 9.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,596.1 2,632.0 2,638.6 2,644.5 2,592.7 2,636.8 2,639.9 2,641.4 1.5

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932.8 941.9 950.6 947.6 931.9 942.4 946.6 946.8 0.2

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 893.0 927.1 932.2 926.7 891.7 923.8 928.4 927.5 -0.9

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901.0 929.4 930.6 936.6 900.1 929.8 931.3 935.6 4.3

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 268.0 277.9 281.4 282.3 267.8 279.2 281.2 281.7 0.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,420.9 1,458.1 1,456.5 1,460.6 1,424.2 1,454.8 1,456.3 1,461.9 5.6

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.4 309.8 308.3 307.1 306.6 309.7 309.2 308.0 -1.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,093.3 5,148.6 5,173.9 5,188.7 5,087.1 5,164.8 5,175.1 5,181.9 6.8

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,363.7 3,352.1 3,366.1 3,365.3 3,350.2 3,353.9 3,353.2 3,353.2 0.0

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,632.8 1,610.2 1,614.7 1,610.8 1,627.7 1,612.2 1,609.2 1,606.7 -2.5

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 633.2 633.7 636.3 635.4 630.5 633.3 634.6 633.5 -1.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.3 935.6 942.7 945.1 922.4 935.4 939.3 941.7 2.4

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 172.4 172.6 172.4 174.0 169.6 173.0 170.2 171.4 1.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,760.3 3,902.3 3,878.5 3,846.1 3,811.6 3,865.9 3,877.0 3,893.8 16.8

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,362.2 2,425.6 2,431.0 2,441.7 2,360.2 2,412.9 2,420.9 2,436.8 15.9

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 168.7 171.8 173.6 172.3 168.5 171.9 172.6 172.3 -0.3

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 350.1 346.2 349.5 353.7 344.0 346.4 345.7 347.5 1.8

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879.3 958.7 924.4 878.4 939.0 934.7 937.8 937.3 -0.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,888 16,550 17,040 17,163 16,117 16,297 16,331 16,371 40

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,701.8 2,424.3 2,660.1 2,728.8 2,338.1 2,345.9 2,349.9 2,356.0 6.1

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 529.9 525.4 522.8 524.5 498.0 494.6 491.0 492.5 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Change

from:

June2018

-

July2018p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.0 177.7 191.4 192.6 168.3 171.3 173.3 173.7 0.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,984.9 1,721.2 1,945.9 2,011.7 1,671.8 1,680.0 1,685.6 1,689.8 4.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,186.0 14,126.0 14,380.0 14,434.4 13,778.7 13,951.2 13,981.1 14,014.9 33.8

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,166.4 2,029.5 2,138.9 2,201.8 2,009.7 2,029.7 2,035.5 2,043.1 7.6

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,019.6 12,096.5 12,241.1 12,232.6 11,769.0 11,921.5 11,945.6 11,971.8 26.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,852 5,887 5,956 5,944 5,784 5,860 5,878 5,873 -5

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,314.8 1,331.4 1,334.9 1,325.3 1,308.3 1,320.9 1,321.1 1,319.1 -2.0

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,497.2 1,536.0 1,549.4 1,539.4 1,486.4 1,522.5 1,531.3 1,528.5 -2.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,040.4 3,019.4 3,071.5 3,079.4 2,988.8 3,016.9 3,026.0 3,024.9 -1.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,047 22,665 22,280 21,044 22,326 22,333 22,347 22,334 -13

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,820.0 2,789.0 2,810.0 2,812.0 2,807.0 2,793.0 2,794.0 2,796.0 2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,203.1 2,184.6 2,206.4 2,206.6 2,189.0 2,187.2 2,189.3 2,190.6 1.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.9 603.9 603.8 605.0 618.3 605.6 605.0 605.8 0.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,825.0 5,124.0 4,876.0 4,811.0 5,148.0 5,114.0 5,121.0 5,126.0 5.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,132.4 2,457.0 2,187.7 2,124.5 2,471.3 2,449.4 2,452.9 2,457.1 4.2

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,692.6 2,667.1 2,687.9 2,686.7 2,676.4 2,665.0 2,667.8 2,669.0 1.2

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,402.0 14,752.0 14,594.0 13,421.0 14,371.0 14,426.0 14,432.0 14,412.0 -20.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,697.5 8,265.9 7,910.2 6,702.2 7,912.0 7,940.3 7,948.1 7,934.2 -13.9

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,704.1 6,486.0 6,683.3 6,719.0 6,459.2 6,485.9 6,484.0 6,477.9 -6.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.5 40.6 40.6 40.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.4 46.2 46.3 46.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.5 39.3 39.4

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.0 40.9 40.9 40.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.3 41.4 41.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 40.2 40.2 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.3 33.4 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.6 34.6 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 39.1 39.1 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 31.2 31.2 31.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.8 38.9 39.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.0 42.0 41.7

Information......................................................................... 36.3 35.9 35.8 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.6 37.7 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.2 36.2 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.9 33.0 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 26.1 26.2 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Total private............................................... $26.34 $26.94 $26.98 $27.05 $906.10 $929.43 $933.51 $933.23

Goods-producing....................................... 27.63 28.09 28.15 28.20 1,119.02 1,140.45 1,142.89 1,144.92

Mining and logging.................................. 32.12 32.41 32.57 32.44 1,458.25 1,497.34 1,507.99 1,495.48

Construction.......................................... 28.94 29.69 29.74 29.86 1,131.55 1,172.76 1,168.78 1,176.48

Manufacturing........................................ 26.66 26.93 27.00 27.01 1,093.06 1,101.44 1,104.30 1,104.71

Durable goods.................................... 27.90 28.26 28.32 28.37 1,155.06 1,167.14 1,172.45 1,174.52

Nondurable goods................................ 24.57 24.67 24.72 24.68 987.71 991.73 993.74 992.14

Private service-providing.............................. 26.04 26.66 26.70 26.77 867.13 887.78 891.78 891.44

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.80 23.25 23.26 23.27 784.32 804.45 804.80 802.82

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.04 30.36 30.48 30.33 1,174.56 1,187.08 1,191.77 1,182.87

Retail trade........................................ 18.17 18.68 18.63 18.70 563.27 582.82 581.26 581.57

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.89 24.33 24.32 24.34 926.93 944.00 946.05 949.26

Utilities............................................. 39.33 40.21 40.30 40.73 1,663.66 1,688.82 1,692.60 1,698.44

Information........................................... 38.45 39.31 39.49 39.39 1,395.74 1,411.23 1,413.74 1,418.04

Financial activities................................... 33.24 34.67 34.67 34.85 1,243.18 1,303.59 1,307.06 1,310.36

Professional and business services.............. 31.57 32.29 32.37 32.48 1,139.68 1,168.90 1,171.79 1,175.78

Education and health services..................... 26.38 26.91 26.97 27.04 867.90 885.34 890.01 889.62

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.49 15.87 15.93 15.99 404.29 414.21 417.37 417.34

Other services....................................... 23.85 24.36 24.36 24.39 756.05 772.21 772.21 773.16

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Percent

change

from:

June

2018 -

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Percent

change

from:

June

2018 -

July

2018p

Total private..................................... 107.4 109.4 110.0 109.8 -0.2 135.3 141.0 141.8 142.0 0.1

Goods-producing............................. 92.5 95.4 95.6 95.9 0.3 115.5 121.1 121.7 122.2 0.4

Mining and logging........................ 97.3 106.4 107.5 106.5 -0.9 125.5 138.5 140.6 138.7 -1.4

Construction................................ 93.5 98.2 97.9 98.4 0.5 117.5 126.6 126.4 127.6 0.9

Manufacturing.............................. 91.6 93.3 93.6 93.8 0.2 113.6 116.9 117.5 117.9 0.3

Durable goods........................... 90.0 92.1 92.7 93.0 0.3 111.5 115.6 116.5 117.2 0.6

Nondurable goods...................... 94.4 95.6 95.6 95.7 0.1 117.7 119.6 119.9 119.9 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 111.8 113.3 113.8 113.6 -0.2 141.5 146.8 147.7 147.8 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 102.8 104.5 104.6 104.3 -0.3 126.1 130.8 130.9 130.7 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 100.7 101.7 101.8 101.8 0.0 126.3 128.8 129.5 128.8 -0.5

Retail trade.............................. 99.8 101.1 101.0 100.7 -0.3 119.9 124.9 124.4 124.5 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 114.7 117.9 118.6 118.9 0.3 139.0 145.5 146.3 146.8 0.3

Utilities.................................... 101.4 100.6 100.6 99.3 -1.3 131.8 133.7 133.9 133.7 -0.1

Information................................. 92.6 90.9 90.6 91.1 0.6 126.8 127.2 127.4 127.8 0.3

Financial activities......................... 103.6 105.4 105.9 105.5 -0.4 134.4 142.6 143.1 143.4 0.2

Professional and business services..... 116.4 119.1 119.4 119.7 0.3 148.9 155.9 156.6 157.5 0.6

Education and health services........... 124.8 126.6 127.4 127.1 -0.2 158.4 163.9 165.3 165.4 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 120.0 121.4 122.1 121.9 -0.2 150.0 155.4 156.9 157.3 0.3

Other services............................. 105.7 107.1 107.4 107.3 -0.1 138.2 143.0 143.4 143.5 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,689 73,813 73,990 74,066 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.7

Total private............................................ 59,882 60,965 61,125 61,224 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,403 4,560 4,579 4,599 22.0 22.1 22.1 22.2

Mining and logging............................... 92 94 94 94 13.5 12.8 12.7 12.8

Construction....................................... 879 922 927 930 12.7 12.8 12.8 12.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,432 3,544 3,558 3,575 27.6 27.9 28.0 28.0

Durable goods.................................. 1,810 1,864 1,875 1,888 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7

Nondurable goods............................. 1,622 1,680 1,683 1,687 34.5 35.3 35.3 35.4

Private service-providing........................... 55,479 56,405 56,546 56,625 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,034 11,153 11,162 11,183 40.2 40.1 40.2 40.2

Wholesale trade................................ 1,738.7 1,769.7 1,780.5 1,794.0 29.4 29.7 29.8 30.0

Retail trade..................................... 7,904.2 7,947.1 7,936.0 7,941.6 49.9 49.8 49.8 49.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,263.7 1,307.2 1,316.4 1,318.3 24.5 24.6 24.7 24.8

Utilities........................................... 127.7 128.5 129.2 129.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4

Information......................................... 1,111 1,093 1,097 1,096 39.8 39.4 39.6 39.5

Financial activities................................ 4,783 4,836 4,848 4,840 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5

Professional and business services............ 9,224 9,480 9,507 9,526 45.0 45.3 45.3 45.3

Education and health services.................. 17,905 18,162 18,224 18,250 77.1 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,363 8,562 8,584 8,602 51.9 52.5 52.6 52.5

Other services..................................... 3,059 3,119 3,124 3,128 52.9 53.2 53.1 53.3

Government............................................. 12,807 12,848 12,865 12,842 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Total private............................................................................... 102,546 104,145 104,345 104,461

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,409 14,822 14,869 14,906

Mining and logging.................................................................. 497 544 552 548

Construction.......................................................................... 5,196 5,386 5,393 5,406

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,716 8,892 8,924 8,952

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,294 5,439 5,469 5,495

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,422 3,453 3,455 3,457

Private service-providing.............................................................. 88,137 89,323 89,476 89,555

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,160 23,493 23,487 23,507

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,732.6 4,783.8 4,788.1 4,799.7

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,493.0 13,650.6 13,622.8 13,624.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,488.4 4,615.7 4,633.7 4,642.9

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.5 443.2 442.5 440.3

Information............................................................................ 2,255 2,230 2,231 2,228

Financial activities................................................................... 6,584 6,633 6,642 6,630

Professional and business services............................................... 16,759 17,075 17,117 17,153

Education and health services..................................................... 20,404 20,702 20,767 20,780

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,187 14,341 14,370 14,397

Other services........................................................................ 4,788 4,849 4,862 4,860

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.3 41.6 41.5 41.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.8 47.5 47.9 46.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 40.3 39.9 40.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.0 42.0 42.1 42.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.2 42.2 42.5 42.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.6 41.7 41.6 41.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 34.0 34.0 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.1 38.9 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.2 30.4 30.5 30.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.4 38.4 38.5

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.7 42.6 42.4

Information......................................................................... 35.8 35.6 35.6 35.7

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 37.0 37.0 37.1

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.3 35.4 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.9 25.0 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Total private............................................... $22.06 $22.58 $22.62 $22.65 $743.42 $763.20 $764.56 $765.57

Goods-producing....................................... 23.16 23.83 23.86 23.90 956.51 991.33 990.19 994.24

Mining and logging.................................. 27.40 27.94 28.06 28.01 1,254.92 1,327.15 1,344.07 1,313.67

Construction.......................................... 26.74 27.51 27.56 27.69 1,058.90 1,108.65 1,099.64 1,113.14

Manufacturing........................................ 20.88 21.40 21.45 21.44 876.96 898.80 903.05 902.62

Durable goods.................................... 21.88 22.35 22.44 22.44 923.34 943.17 953.70 951.46

Nondurable goods................................ 19.32 19.89 19.86 19.82 803.71 829.41 826.18 826.49

Private service-providing.............................. 21.84 22.31 22.35 22.38 707.62 725.08 726.38 727.35

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.35 19.84 19.85 19.84 654.03 674.56 674.90 674.56

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.73 25.04 25.23 25.09 962.00 979.06 981.45 973.49

Retail trade........................................ 15.31 15.90 15.85 15.87 462.36 483.36 483.43 484.04

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.31 21.79 21.81 21.84 818.30 836.74 837.50 840.84

Utilities............................................. 36.29 36.45 36.52 36.54 1,545.95 1,556.42 1,555.75 1,549.30

Information........................................... 30.76 31.49 31.68 31.53 1,101.21 1,121.04 1,127.81 1,125.62

Financial activities................................... 26.63 26.89 26.90 26.91 982.65 994.93 995.30 998.36

Professional and business services.............. 26.01 26.63 26.69 26.74 923.36 940.04 944.83 946.60

Education and health services..................... 23.06 23.54 23.62 23.66 742.53 760.34 762.93 761.85

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.39 13.79 13.81 13.87 332.07 343.37 345.25 345.36

Other services....................................... 20.09 20.56 20.57 20.68 616.76 631.19 631.50 634.88

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Percent

change

from:

June

2018 -

July

2018p

July

2017

May

2018

June

2018p

July

2018p

Percent

change

from:

June

2018 -

July

2018p

Total private..................................... 115.1 117.3 117.5 117.6 0.1 169.7 177.0 177.6 178.1 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 90.9 94.2 94.3 94.8 0.5 129.0 137.5 137.8 138.7 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 121.0 137.3 140.5 136.6 -2.8 192.8 223.1 229.3 222.5 -3.0

Construction................................ 103.0 108.7 107.7 108.8 1.0 148.8 161.4 160.3 162.7 1.5

Manufacturing.............................. 84.0 85.7 86.2 86.5 0.3 114.7 120.0 121.0 121.3 0.2

Durable goods........................... 84.0 86.3 87.4 87.6 0.2 114.7 120.4 122.4 122.7 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 83.9 84.8 84.7 84.9 0.2 114.5 119.2 118.8 119.0 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 121.6 123.6 123.8 124.0 0.2 182.1 189.1 189.8 190.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 109.1 111.4 111.3 111.4 0.1 150.6 157.6 157.6 157.7 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 108.4 110.2 109.7 109.7 0.0 157.9 162.5 163.0 162.1 -0.6

Retail trade.............................. 103.1 105.0 105.2 105.2 0.0 135.3 143.1 142.9 143.1 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 129.7 133.4 133.9 134.6 0.5 175.4 184.4 185.3 186.4 0.6

Utilities.................................... 97.1 96.8 96.4 95.5 -0.9 147.0 147.2 147.0 145.6 -1.0

Information................................. 92.1 90.6 90.7 90.8 0.1 140.3 141.3 142.2 141.7 -0.4

Financial activities......................... 114.4 115.5 115.7 115.8 0.1 187.4 191.1 191.5 191.7 0.1

Professional and business services..... 133.3 135.1 135.8 136.1 0.2 206.4 214.1 215.7 216.5 0.4

Education and health services........... 140.1 142.6 143.0 142.7 -0.2 213.2 221.5 223.0 222.8 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 128.9 130.8 131.6 131.3 -0.2 196.0 204.8 206.4 206.8 0.2

Other services............................. 103.1 104.4 104.7 104.6 -0.1 150.9 156.4 156.9 157.7 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.