For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, September 7, 2011 USDL-11-1304

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2011

There were 3.2 million job openings on the last business day of July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

reported today. The hires rate (3.0 percent) and separations rate (3.0 percent) were essentially unchanged 

over the month. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and 

separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region. 

Job Openings 

The number of job openings in July was 3.2 million, little changed from June. (See table 1.) Although 

the number of job openings remained below the 4.4 million openings when the recession began in 

December 2007, the level in July was 1.1 million openings higher than in July 2009 (the most recent 

trough). The number of job openings increased over the month for manufacturing and for arts, 

entertainment, and recreation. 

The number of job openings in July (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the year for total nonfarm 

and total private. Eight industries experienced an increase over the year in the number of job openings; 

the number of job openings decreased for federal government. The number of job openings rose in the 

Midwest, South, and West. 

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2009 2010 2011

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, August 2008 - July 2011

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 and ended in June 2009

as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). 

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2009 2010 2011

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted, August 2008 - July 2011

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 and ended in June 2009

as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). 
- 2 - 

Hires 

In July, the hires rate was little changed at 3.0 percent for total nonfarm. The hires rate was also 

essentially unchanged for all industries and regions. (See table 2.) The number of hires in July was 4.0 

million, up from 3.6 million in October 2009 (the most recent trough) but below the 5.0 million hires 

recorded when the recession began in December 2007. 

Over the past 12 months, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell for federal government. The hires 

rate was essentially unchanged for all other industries and regions. (See table 6.) 

Separations 

The total separations figure includes voluntary quits, involuntary layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations, including retirements. Total separations is also referred to as turnover. 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry July June July July June July July June July

2010 2011 2011p

2010 2011 2011p2010 2011 2011p

Total .........................................................2,848 3,169 3,228 3,937 4,058 3,984 4,032 3,993 3,920

Total private 1................................................... 2,516 2,835 2,900 3,650 3,797 3,720 3,588 3,687 3,621

Construction................................................89 68 70 323 360 331 334 371 327

Manufacturing..........................................219 217 257 278 260 250 252 252 241

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2..................... 416 515 551 798 802 780 794 785 778

Retail trade..................................... 262 332 310 549 553 559 558 538 555

Professional and business services......................... 517 616 616 752 806 829 760 766 797

Education and health services........................... 504 596 591 497 485 461 478 459 431

Leisure and hospitality .................................... 304 360 339 630 689 686 619 653 664

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 39 55 75 113 104 103 109 101 98

Accommodation and food services..........266 305 264 517 585 583 511 552 566

Government 3..................................... 333 334 328 287 261 264 445 306 300

State and local government..................................... 248 279 262 247 238 238 257 273 272

Total ...................................................... 2.1 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0

Total private 1................................................... 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3

Construction..........................................1.6 1.2 1.3 5.9 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.7 5.9

Manufacturing................................................ 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2........................ 1.7 2.0 2.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1

Retail trade.................................... 1.8 2.2 2.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8

Professional and business services......................... 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6

Education and health services........................... 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2

Leisure and hospitality .................................... 2.3 2.6 2.5 4.8 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2.0 2.8 3.8 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.3 5.1

Accommodation and food services..........2.3 2.6 2.3 4.7 5.2 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.0

Government 3..................................... 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.4 1.4

State and local government..................................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p = Preliminary

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

The seasonally adjusted total separations rate was unchanged in July for total nonfarm (3.0 percent) and 

government (1.4 percent) and essentially unchanged for total private (3.3 percent). (See table 3.) Over 

the year, the total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm 

and total private but decreased for government. (See table 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In July, the quits 

rate was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm (1.5 percent), total private (1.7 percent), and 

government (0.6 percent). (See table 4.) The number of quits rose from 1.5 million in January 2010 (the 

most recent trough) to 2.0 million in July although it remained below the 2.8 million recorded when the 

recession began in December 2007. 

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in July 2011 increased from 12 months earlier for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. Arts, entertainment, and recreation and state and local 

government experienced an increase in the number of quits over the year, while federal government 

experienced a decline. In the regions, the number of quits rose in the Midwest and West. (See table 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted only at the total 

nonfarm, total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed in July

for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The number of layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm 

was 1.7 million in July, up slightly from the recent low point of 1.5 million in January 2011, but still 

below the peak of 2.5 million in February 2009. (See table B below.) 

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) declined over the 12 months ending in July 

for total nonfarm and government. The level decreased over the year for health care and social 

assistance. The level decreased over the year for federal government, returning to a more typical level 

after a large number of layoffs in July 2010 of temporary Census workers. The number of layoffs and 

discharges was little changed in all four regions over the year. (See table 9.)

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In July, there were 363,000 other separations for 

total nonfarm, 266,000 for total private, and 97,000 for government. Compared to July 2010, the number 

of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 10.)

Relative Contributions to Separations 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations attributable to the 

individual components has varied over time at the total nonfarm level, but for the majority of the months 

since the series began in December 2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total........................................................................................................... 1,964 1,773 1,696 1.5 1.4 1.3

Total private............................................................................................ 1,702 1,646 1,586 1.6 1.5 1.5

Government......................................................................................... 263 128 110 1.2 0.6 0.5

 p = Preliminary

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates (percent)
- 4 - 

and discharges. Other separations is historically a very small portion of total separations; it has rarely 

been above 10 percent of total separations. 

The proportions of quits and layoffs and discharges were last equal in November 2010. Since then, the 

proportion of quits has trended upward, again exceeding the proportion of layoffs and discharges. In 

July, the proportion of quits for total nonfarm was 50 percent and the proportion of layoffs and 

discharges was 43 percent. For total private quits, the proportion was 50 percent while the total private 

layoffs and discharges proportion was 44 percent. For government, the proportions were 43 percent quits 

and 37 percent layoffs and discharges. (See table C below.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Over the 12 months ending in July 2011, hires totaled 47.8 million and separations totaled 46.6 million,

yielding a net employment gain of 1.1 million based on not seasonally adjusted data. These figures 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. Nearly half of 

the hires and nearly half of the separations during these 12 months occurred in three industries: retail 

trade; professional and business services; and accommodation and food services. The large share of total 

hires and separations accounted for by these three industries reflects the size of the industries as well as 

their relatively high hires and separations rates. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2011 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, October 12, 2011 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). 

Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted

(Levels in thousands)

Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total

Total ......................................................... 1,788 44% 1,904 48% 1,950 50% 1,964 49% 1,773 44% 1,696 43%

Total private................................................... 1,673 47% 1,786 48% 1,822 50% 1,702 47% 1,646 45% 1,586 44%

Government ..................................... 115 26% 117 38% 128 43% 263 59% 128 42% 110 37%

 p = Preliminary

Industry

Quits Layoffs and discharges

July

2010

June

2011

July

2011p

July

2010

June

2011

July

2011p
Technical Note

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly 

from a sample of business establishments by the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Collection

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

Data collection methods include computer-assisted 

telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, web, fax, 

e-mail, and mail.

Coverage

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well 

as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia.

Concepts

 Industry classification. The industry classifications 

in this release are in accordance with the 2007 version 

of the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with 

employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, 

location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment 

characteristics resulting from the verification process 

are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame

with the data reported for the first month of the year.

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. 

Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, 

unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay 

or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as 

employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and 

consultants are counted by their employer of record, 

not by the establishment where they are working.

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 

2) work could start within 30 days regardless of 

whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the 

employer is actively recruiting from outside the 

establishment to fill the position. Included are fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in 

newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted 

signs, accepting applications, or using other similar 

methods.

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. 

Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 

days in the future, jobs for which employees have been 

hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings and multiplying that 

quotient by 100.

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning 

from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the 

number of hires by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100.

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time 

during the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings 

or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of 

seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include 

transfers within the same location or employees on 

strike.
 The separations rate is computed by dividing the 

number of separations by employment and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, 

and other separations rates are computed similarly, 

dividing the number by employment and multiplying 

by 100.

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and 

levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released with the 

January news release each year.

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels 

are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for 

job openings cannot be created by summing the 

monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow 

measures and are cumulated over the month with a 

total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates.

Special collection procedures

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given month. Aggregating 

these monthly changes historically produced employment levels that overstated employment change as 

measured by CES at the total nonfarm level. Research 

into this problem showed that a significant amount of 

the divergence between the CES employment levels 

and the derived JOLTS employment levels was traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the 

State Government Education industry. In the former 

industry, businesses have a difficult time reporting 

hires and separations of temporary help workers. In 

the latter industry, employers have difficulty reporting 

hires and separations of student workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and 

review of data for these industries. BLS analysts more 

closely examine reported data that do not provide a 

consistent picture over time, and re-contact the 

respondents as necessary. Analysts work with the 

respondents to adjust their reporting practices as 

possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used; they are 

replaced by imputed values using standard techniques.

Sample and estimation methodology

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including 

factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, 

and local governments in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled 

as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program. This 

program includes all employers subject to state 

Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal 

agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for 

Federal Employees (UCFE).

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units 

drawn on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only large 

units selected with virtual certainty based on their size 

and 24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new noncertainty panel is rolled into collection, and the oldest 

non-certainty panel is rolled out. This means that at 

any given time the JOLTS sample is constructed from 

panels from three different annual sampling frames. 

The entire sample of old plus new panels is poststratified and re-weighted annually to represent the 

most recent sampling frame. Additionally, the out-ofbusiness establishments are removed from the old 

panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample.

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES 

to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for 

all other JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can 

only be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag 

from the birth of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many of these new units may fail within the 

first year. Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and sepa-
rations from these units during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a model to estimate birth/death 

activity for current months by examining the birth/

death activity from previous years on the QCEW and 

projecting forward to the present using an econometric 

technique known as X-12 ARIMA modeling. The 

birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to 

estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) 

that exists in establishments of various sizes. The 

model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number 

of hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 

 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components—quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations—in proportion to 

their contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of 

openings to hires in the collected data and applying that 

ratio to the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death 

model are then added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using 

the X-12 ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. 

Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and 

removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such 

as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of 

the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to 

observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, 

particularly those associated with general economic 

expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal 

adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all 

relevant data, up to and including the data for the 

current month.

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the 

series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable 

to the CES net employment change. However, definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to 

the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trend (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are 

seasonally adjusted and the difference between the 

JOLTS implied employment trend and the CES net 

employment change is calculated. Next, the JOLTS 

implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the CES 

net employment change through a proportional adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts 

the two components (hires, separations) proportionally 

to their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 percent of the 

churn for a given month, they will receive 40 percent 

of the needed adjustment and separations will receive 

60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted hires 

and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal factors. After the Monthly Alignment 

Method has been used to adjust the level estimates, rate 

estimates are computed from the adjusted levels. The 

monthly alignment procedure assures a close match of 

the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES 

trend. The CES series is considered a highly accurate 

measure of net employment change owing to its very 

large sample size and annual benchmarking to universe 

counts of employment from the QCEW program.

Using JOLTS data

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. 

A full complement of panels for the original data series 

based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification 

(SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey 

until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not 

completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full 

sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months 

should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units 

were reporting data at that time.

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires 

and separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may 

not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and 

later.

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the 

new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected 

in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the 
federal government. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers were completed in 

March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS 

definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover 

ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the 

inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would 

distort the federal government time series.

Reliability of the estimates

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the 

sample estimates may differ from the "true" population 

values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That 

means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the 

"true" population value because of sampling error. 

Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request.

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to include a segment of 

the population, the inability to obtain data from all 

units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes 

made by respondents, errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data, and errors from the employment 

benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p

Total ........................................................................................................... 2,848 3,025 3,123 2,953 3,034 3,169 3,228 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 2,516 2,695 2,793 2,635 2,725 2,835 2,900 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6

Construction........................................................................ 89 55 68 90 100 68 70 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.3

Manufacturing................................................................ 219 209 235 226 211 217 257 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 416 448 472 524 484 515 551 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2

Retail trade................................................................................. 262 232 254 312 276 332 310 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.1

Professional and business services......................... 517 606 613 497 615 616 616 3.0 3.4 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.5

Education and health services................................................. 504 553 609 550 594 596 591 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 304 378 340 305 298 360 339 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 39 48 41 36 34 55 75 2.0 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.8 3.8

Accommodation and food services......................... 266 330 299 269 264 305 264 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.3

Government 6......................................................................................... 333 330 331 319 309 334 328 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local government.................................................................................... 248 260 274 268 261 279 262 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast ......................................................................... 573 594 675 531 586 522 552 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.2

South ............................................................................................... 988 1,082 1,082 985 1,087 1,109 1,184 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4

Midwest ......................................................................................... 592 630 672 664 730 686 718 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4

West ...................................................................................... 649 715 752 681 719 753 784 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 

7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 

6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 

p

 = Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p

Total ........................................................................................................... 3,937 3,986 4,067 4,001 4,129 4,058 3,984 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 3,650 3,729 3,807 3,733 3,870 3,797 3,720 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4

Construction........................................................................ 323 369 338 355 371 360 331 5.9 6.7 6.1 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.0

Manufacturing................................................................ 278 250 269 257 263 260 250 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 798 816 803 791 804 802 780 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

Retail trade................................................................................. 549 547 553 556 557 553 559 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

Professional and business services......................... 752 791 840 831 902 806 829 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.3 4.7 4.8

Education and health services................................................. 497 468 470 468 480 485 461 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 630 632 681 653 629 689 686 4.8 4.8 5.2 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 113 101 120 107 111 104 103 5.9 5.3 6.3 5.6 5.9 5.5 5.4

Accommodation and food services......................... 517 531 560 546 517 585 583 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.2 5.2

Government 6......................................................................................... 287 257 260 269 259 261 264 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

State and local government.................................................................................... 247 218 229 244 232 238 238 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

REGION 7

Northeast ......................................................................... 715 646 717 695 675 681 682 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7

South ............................................................................................... 1,427 1,466 1,535 1,471 1,643 1,503 1,486 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.1

Midwest ......................................................................................... 953 901 862 941 890 908 916 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1

West ...................................................................................... 859 862 851 864 826 910 910 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.2

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = Preliminary

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3 (in thousands)

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p

Total ........................................................................................................... 4,032 3,825 3,805 3,833 4,145 3,993 3,920 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 3,588 3,538 3,534 3,528 3,844 3,687 3,621 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.3

Construction........................................................................ 334 324 334 357 376 371 327 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.8 6.7 5.9

Manufacturing................................................................ 252 234 245 241 272 252 241 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 794 800 772 725 799 785 778 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.1

Retail trade................................................................................. 558 549 541 511 562 538 555 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.7 3.8

Professional and business services......................... 760 760 719 785 892 766 797 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.6 5.2 4.5 4.6

Education and health services................................................. 478 441 429 428 450 459 431 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 619 582 650 621 652 653 664 4.8 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 109 86 122 109 123 101 98 5.7 4.6 6.4 5.7 6.6 5.3 5.1

Accommodation and food services......................... 511 495 528 512 528 552 566 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0

Government 6......................................................................................... 445 287 271 304 301 306 300 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

State and local government.................................................................................... 257 255 247 278 271 273 272 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

REGION 7

Northeast......................................................................... 764 703 649 763 757 634 661 3.1 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.6

South............................................................................................... 1,474 1,451 1,519 1,402 1,528 1,421 1,459 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1

Midwest......................................................................................... 948 830 912 947 942 934 883 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0

West...................................................................................... 875 857 872 898 974 863 834 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.0 2.9

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

month. not shown separately.

 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = Preliminary

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p

Total ........................................................................................................... 1,788 1,910 1,924 1,887 2,000 1,904 1,950 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private 4............................................................................................ 1,673 1,793 1,820 1,771 1,877 1,786 1,822 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7

Construction........................................................................ 69 62 72 91 92 75 71 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3

Manufacturing................................................................ 86 94 115 105 109 109 99 .7 .8 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5.............................. 405 442 443 410 463 432 406 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6

Retail trade................................................................................. 311 317 342 315 351 333 317 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2

Professional and business services......................... 337 396 357 360 372 330 385 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.2

Education and health services................................................. 240 241 251 239 253 264 242 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2

Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 349 353 382 386 388 395 402 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 29 37 46 42 45 42 43 1.5 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3

Accommodation and food services......................... 320 317 337 344 343 353 359 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2

Government 6......................................................................................... 115 117 104 117 123 117 128 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .6

State and local government.................................................................................... 94 108 97 108 114 108 119 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6

REGION 7

Northeast......................................................................... 302 335 293 266 330 264 266 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1

South............................................................................................... 707 779 779 741 816 744 771 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Midwest......................................................................................... 423 455 437 456 484 465 468 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

West...................................................................................... 390 447 455 400 460 406 457 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = Preliminary

4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total........................................................................................................... 2,987 3,185 3,413 2.3 2.4 2.5

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 2,629 2,825 3,053 2.4 2.5 2.7

Mining and logging...................................................15 25 40 2.0 3.0 4.7

Construction...................................................................................................... 109 72 83 1.9 1.2 1.4

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 237 223 288 2.0 1.9 2.4

Durable goods.............................................................................. 169 160 201 2.3 2.1 2.7

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 67 63 87 1.5 1.4 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 441 531 589 1.8 2.1 2.3

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 80 90 120 1.4 1.6 2.1

Retail trade................................................................................. 293 343 353 2.0 2.3 2.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 68 97 116 1.4 2.0 2.4

Information...................................................................................... 94 91 107 3.3 3.3 3.8

Financial activities........................................................................... 208 213 212 2.6 2.7 2.7

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 180 171 157 3.1 2.9 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 28 42 55 1.4 2.1 2.7

Professional and business services........................................ 528 584 633 3.0 3.3 3.5

Education and health services................................................................. 521 572 619 2.6 2.8 3.1

Educational services................................................................ 60 65 66 2.1 2.1 2.2

Health care and social assistance.................................. 461 507 552 2.7 2.9 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 320 378 344 2.3 2.7 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 36 55 71 1.6 2.5 3.1

Accommodation and food services............................... 284 323 273 2.4 2.7 2.3

Other services................................................................................. 159 136 139 2.8 2.4 2.5

Government......................................................................................... 358 361 360 1.6 1.6 1.7

Federal................................................................................................ 83 46 66 2.6 1.6 2.3

State and local.................................................................................... 275 315 293 1.5 1.6 1.6

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 616 568 572 2.4 2.2 2.2

South............................................................................................... 1,039 1,114 1,258 2.2 2.3 2.6

Midwest................................................................................................. 644 709 765 2.1 2.3 2.5

West....................................................................................................... 689 795 818 2.4 2.7 2.8

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total........................................................................................................... 4,263 4,835 4,291 3.3 3.7 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 3,933 4,481 3,985 3.6 4.1 3.6

Mining and logging...................................................25 38 30 3.5 4.7 3.7

Construction...................................................................................................... 368 440 369 6.4 7.7 6.3

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 307 300 275 2.6 2.5 2.3

Durable goods.............................................................................. 186 177 159 2.6 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 121 123 115 2.7 2.8 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 809 852 782 3.3 3.4 3.1

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 131 119 98 2.4 2.1 1.8

Retail trade................................................................................. 526 579 542 3.6 4.0 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 152 154 142 3.2 3.2 3.0

Information...................................................................................... 49 75 47 1.8 2.8 1.8

Financial activities........................................................................... 174 195 152 2.3 2.5 2.0

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 113 108 108 2.0 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 61 87 45 3.1 4.4 2.2

Professional and business services........................................ 780 866 859 4.6 5.0 5.0

Education and health services................................................................. 561 598 516 2.9 3.0 2.6

Educational services................................................................ 95 86 83 3.3 2.9 2.9

Health care and social assistance.................................. 466 511 432 2.8 3.1 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 673 879 747 4.9 6.4 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 133 168 124 5.9 7.8 5.6

Accommodation and food services............................... 540 710 623 4.7 6.1 5.3

Other services................................................................................. 185 239 208 3.4 4.3 3.8

Government......................................................................................... 330 354 306 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal................................................................................................ 46 30 29 1.5 1.0 1.0

State and local.................................................................................... 284 325 276 1.6 1.7 1.5

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 805 897 763 3.3 3.6 3.1

South............................................................................................... 1,505 1,706 1,546 3.2 3.6 3.3

Midwest................................................................................................. 978 1,127 939 3.3 3.8 3.2

West....................................................................................................... 974 1,104 1,043 3.4 3.8 3.6

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total........................................................................................................... 4,412 4,180 4,340 3.4 3.2 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 3,874 3,669 3,926 3.6 3.3 3.6

Mining and logging...................................................17 19 20 2.4 2.4 2.4

Construction...................................................................................................... 352 318 343 6.1 5.5 5.9

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 246 232 232 2.1 2.0 2.0

Durable goods.............................................................................. 132 128 128 1.9 1.7 1.8

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 115 105 104 2.6 2.3 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 812 749 802 3.3 3.0 3.2

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 130 114 101 2.4 2.0 1.8

Retail trade................................................................................. 556 512 568 3.9 3.5 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 126 123 133 2.7 2.5 2.8

Information...................................................................................... 55 56 63 2.0 2.1 2.3

Financial activities........................................................................... 175 160 148 2.3 2.1 1.9

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 113 105 107 2.0 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 62 55 41 3.2 2.8 2.1

Professional and business services........................................ 791 737 841 4.7 4.3 4.9

Education and health services................................................................. 598 575 532 3.1 2.9 2.7

Educational services................................................................ 110 130 110 3.8 4.3 3.8

Health care and social assistance.................................. 488 445 422 3.0 2.7 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 657 652 728 4.8 4.7 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 101 80 90 4.5 3.7 4.0

Accommodation and food services............................... 556 573 638 4.9 4.9 5.5

Other services................................................................................. 170 170 217 3.1 3.1 3.9

Government......................................................................................... 539 510 414 2.5 2.3 2.0

Federal................................................................................................ 189 34 29 6.1 1.2 1.0

State and local.................................................................................... 350 477 385 1.9 2.5 2.1

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 807 717 732 3.3 2.8 2.9

South............................................................................................... 1,620 1,512 1,654 3.5 3.2 3.5

Midwest................................................................................................. 995 1,011 966 3.4 3.4 3.2

West....................................................................................................... 989 940 988 3.5 3.2 3.4

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total........................................................................................................... 2,038 2,091 2,236 1.6 1.6 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 1,900 1,922 2,073 1.8 1.7 1.9

Mining and logging...................................................9 11 13 1.3 1.4 1.6

Construction...................................................................................................... 91 81 91 1.6 1.4 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 94 118 106 .8 1.0 .9

Durable goods.............................................................................. 51 57 52 .7 .8 .7

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 43 61 54 1.0 1.4 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 446 440 439 1.8 1.8 1.8

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 46 37 42 .8 .7 .7

Retail trade................................................................................. 335 335 338 2.3 2.3 2.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 64 68 59 1.4 1.4 1.2

Information...................................................................................... 31 32 35 1.1 1.2 1.3

Financial activities........................................................................... 85 87 98 1.1 1.1 1.3

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 57 58 78 1.0 1.0 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 28 29 20 1.4 1.5 1.0

Professional and business services........................................ 369 350 433 2.2 2.0 2.5

Education and health services................................................................. 277 313 275 1.4 1.6 1.4

Educational services................................................................ 40 47 41 1.4 1.5 1.4

Health care and social assistance.................................. 237 266 234 1.4 1.6 1.4

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 405 416 474 3.0 3.0 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 37 42 54 1.7 1.9 2.4

Accommodation and food services............................... 368 374 420 3.2 3.2 3.6

Other services................................................................................. 93 73 109 1.7 1.3 2.0

Government......................................................................................... 138 169 163 .6 .8 .8

Federal................................................................................................ 22 10 9 .7 .4 .3

State and local.................................................................................... 116 158 153 .6 .8 .9

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 350 310 305 1.4 1.2 1.2

South............................................................................................... 803 797 885 1.7 1.7 1.9

Midwest................................................................................................. 466 519 530 1.6 1.7 1.8

West....................................................................................................... 420 466 516 1.5 1.6 1.8

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total........................................................................................................... 2,009 1,696 1,741 1.6 1.3 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 1,707 1,492 1,587 1.6 1.4 1.4

Mining and logging...................................................6 7 6 .8 .9 .7

Construction...................................................................................................... 247 225 238 4.3 3.9 4.1

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 131 92 102 1.1 .8 .9

Durable goods.............................................................................. 68 54 62 1.0 .7 .9

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 63 38 40 1.4 .8 .9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 302 242 275 1.2 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 73 64 42 1.3 1.1 .7

Retail trade................................................................................. 185 139 180 1.3 1.0 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 45 39 53 .9 .8 1.1

Information...................................................................................... 21 21 24 .8 .8 .9

Financial activities........................................................................... 66 56 42 .9 .7 .5

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 34 32 24 .6 .6 .4

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 32 24 18 1.6 1.2 .9

Professional and business services........................................ 376 348 355 2.2 2.0 2.1

Education and health services................................................................. 281 209 221 1.5 1.1 1.1

Educational services................................................................ 64 74 63 2.2 2.5 2.2

Health care and social assistance.................................. 217 135 158 1.3 .8 .9

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 207 218 227 1.5 1.6 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 56 35 33 2.5 1.6 1.5

Accommodation and food services............................... 151 183 194 1.3 1.6 1.7

Other services................................................................................. 71 73 98 1.3 1.3 1.8

Government......................................................................................... 302 205 154 1.4 .9 .7

Federal................................................................................................ 154 10 9 5.0 .3 .3

State and local.................................................................................... 148 195 145 .8 1.0 .8

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 388 341 350 1.6 1.4 1.4

South............................................................................................... 687 568 633 1.5 1.2 1.3

Midwest................................................................................................. 454 397 370 1.5 1.3 1.2

West....................................................................................................... 480 391 388 1.7 1.3 1.3

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

July June July July June July

2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p

Total........................................................................................................... 365 392 363 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private............................................................................................ 267 256 266 .2 .2 .2

Mining and logging...................................................2 1 1 .3 .1 .2

Construction...................................................................................................... 14 11 13 .2 .2 .2

Manufacturing..................................................................................... 22 22 24 .2 .2 .2

Durable goods.............................................................................. 13 16 14 .2 .2 .2

Nondurable goods....................................................................... 8 6 10 .2 .1 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................... 64 67 88 .3 .3 .4

Wholesale trade........................................................................... 11 12 18 .2 .2 .3

Retail trade................................................................................. 36 39 50 .3 .3 .3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...................... 17 16 20 .4 .3 .4

Information...................................................................................... 3 3 4 .1 .1 .2

Financial activities........................................................................... 24 17 8 .3 .2 .1

Finance and insurance..................................................................................... 22 15 5 .4 .3 .1

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 2 2 3 .1 .1 .2

Professional and business services........................................ 46 39 53 .3 .2 .3

Education and health services................................................................. 41 53 37 .2 .3 .2

Educational services................................................................ 6 10 6 .2 .3 .2

Health care and social assistance.................................. 34 44 31 .2 .3 .2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................................. 45 18 27 .3 .1 .2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................... 7 3 3 .3 .1 .1

Accommodation and food services............................... 38 15 24 .3 .1 .2

Other services................................................................................. 7 24 10 .1 .4 .2

Government......................................................................................... 98 137 97 .5 .6 .5

Federal................................................................................................ 13 13 10 .4 .5 .4

State and local.................................................................................... 86 123 87 .5 .6 .5

REGION 3

Northeast......................................................................................... 69 66 78 .3 .3 .3

South............................................................................................... 131 148 136 .3 .3 .3

Midwest................................................................................................. 75 95 65 .3 .3 .2

West....................................................................................................... 90 84 84 .3 .3 .3

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = Preliminary

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates