Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-20-0180 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 7, 2020

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data errors 

associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation classification system. The 

corrections affected a limited number of data series presented in tables A-8, A-9, A-13, and A-14 

of this release; for the vast majority of these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, 

including the official unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online database 

were corrected for January–July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see

www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-throughJuly-2020.htm .) 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JANUARY 2020

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 225,000 in January, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in 

construction, in health care, and in transportation and warehousing. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2018 – January 2020

Percent

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, January 2018 – January 2020
 

-2-

Changes to The Employment Situation Data

Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking process and the 

updating of seasonal adjustment factors. In addition, several changes have been made to household 

survey data, including the annual update of population estimates. See the notes beginning on page 4 for 

more information. 

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 5.9 million, 

changed little in January. (See table A-1. For information about annual population adjustments to the 

household survey estimates, see the note on page 6 and tables B and C.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women 

(3.2 percent), teenagers (12.2 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (6.0 percent), Asians (3.0 percent), 

and Hispanics (4.3 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of reentrants to the labor force increased by 183,000 in January to 

1.8 million but was little changed over the year. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but 

were not in the labor force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.2 million, was 

unchanged in January. These individuals accounted for 19.9 percent of the unemployed. (See table A12.) 

After accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls, the civilian labor force rose by 

574,000 in January, and the labor force participation rate edged up by 0.2 percentage point to 63.4 

percent. The employment-population ratio, at 61.2 percent, changed little over the month but was up 

by 0.5 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1. For additional information about the effects of the 

population adjustments, see table C.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.2 million, was essentially 

unchanged in January. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were 

working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See 

table A-8.) 

The number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.3 million, changed little in 

January. These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had 

looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they 

had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for a variety of reasons, such as belief 

that no jobs are available for them (referred to as discouraged workers), school attendance, or family 

responsibilities. Discouraged workers numbered 337,000 in January, little changed over the month. 

(See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 225,000 in January, compared with an average 

monthly gain of 175,000 in 2019. Notable job gains occurred in construction, in health care, and in 
 

-3-

transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1. For information about the annual benchmark process, 

see the note on page 5 and table A.) 

In January, construction employment rose by 44,000. Most of the gain occurred in specialty trade 

contractors, with increases in both the residential (+18,000) and nonresidential (+17,000) components. 

Construction added an average of 12,000 jobs per month in 2019. 

Health care added 36,000 jobs in January, with gains in ambulatory health care services (+23,000) and 

hospitals (+10,000). Health care has added 361,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 28,000 in January. Job gains occurred in 

couriers and messengers (+14,000) and in warehousing and storage (+6,000). Over the year, 

employment in transportation and warehousing has increased by 106,000. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in January (+36,000). Over the past 6 

months, the industry has added 288,000 jobs. 

Employment continued on an upward trend in professional and business services in January (+21,000), 

increasing by 390,000 over the past 12 months. 

Manufacturing employment changed little in January (-12,000) and has shown little movement, on net, 

over the past 12 months. Motor vehicles and parts lost 11,000 jobs over the month. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, retail trade, information, 

financial activities, and government, changed little over the month. 

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 7 cents to 

$28.44. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.1 percent. Average hourly 

earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees were $23.87 in January, little 

changed over the month (+3 cents). (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in 

January. In manufacturing, the average workweek remained at 40.4 hours, while overtime edged down 

0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up by 5,000 from +256,000 

to +261,000, and the change for December was revised up by 2,000 from +145,000 to +147,000. With 

these revisions, employment gains in November and December combined were 7,000 higher than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. 

The annual benchmark process also contributed to the November and December revisions.) After 

revisions, job gains have averaged 211,000 over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 6, 2020, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST).
 

-4-

Changes to Household Survey Data 

Effective with this news release, two not seasonally adjusted series previously displayed in Summary 

table A—persons marginally attached to the labor force and discouraged workers—have been replaced 

with new seasonally adjusted series. The new seasonally adjusted series are available in the BLS online 

database back to 1994. Not seasonally adjusted data for persons marginally attached to the labor force 

and for discouraged workers will continue to be published in table A-16. These series are also available 

in the BLS online database back to 1994. 

Persons marginally attached to the labor force and discouraged workers are inputs into three alternative 

measures of labor underutilization displayed in table A-15. Effective with this news release, data for 

U-4, U-5, and U-6 in table A-15 reflect the new seasonally adjusted series. Changes to historical data 

were negligible. Revised data back to 1994 are available in the BLS online database. Not seasonally 

adjusted series for the alternative measures are unaffected. 

Effective with data for January 2020, occupation estimates in table A-13 reflect the introduction of the 

2018 Census occupation classification system into the household survey. This occupation classification 

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Historical data 

have not been revised. Beginning with data for January 2020, occupation estimates are not strictly 

comparable with earlier years.

In addition, industry estimates in table A-14 reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry 

classification system, which is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS). The classification changes are minor and do not involve re-classification of industries between 

the broader industry sectors. 

Beginning with data for January 2020, marital status estimates are not strictly comparable with earlier 

years. Estimates of married persons now refer to those in opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 

January 2020, these estimates referred only to those in opposite-sex marriages. Persons with a same-sex 

spouse were previously classified in other marital status categories, such as “women who maintain 

families.” These changes affect marital status estimates in tables A-9 and A-10. (Note that not all marital 

status categories are presented in these tables. BLS has not separately tabulated estimates for persons 

with an opposite-sex spouse and persons with a same-sex spouse.) Historical data have not been revised. 
 

-5-

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have been 

benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2019. These counts are derived 

principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts jobs covered 

by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The benchmark process results in revisions to not 

seasonally adjusted data from April 2018 forward. BLS revised seasonally adjusted data from January 

2015 forward. In addition, both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted data for some series incorporate 

other revisions prior to 2015. 

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2019 was revised downward by 514,000 (-505,000 on a 

not seasonally adjusted basis), or -0.3 percent. The absolute average benchmark revision over the past 10 

years is 0.2 percent. 

The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for 2019 was revised from +2,108,000 to 

+2,096,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a 

seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2019. 

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at

www.bls.gov/ces/data/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark and postbenchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2019, seasonally adjusted 

(Numbers in thousands)

As revised

As 

previously 

published

Difference As revised

As 

previously 

published

Difference

2019

January......................... 150,134 150,587 -453 269 312 -43

February........................ 150,135 150,643 -508 1 56 -55

March............................ 150,282 150,796 -514 147 153 -6

April............................ 150,492 151,012 -520 210 216 -6

May.............................. 150,577 151,074 -497 85 62 23

June............................. 150,759 151,252 -493 182 178 4

July................................ 150,953 151,418 -465 194 166 28

August........................... 151,160 151,637 -477 207 219 -12

September..................... 151,368 151,830 -462 208 193 15

October.......................... 151,553 151,982 -429 185 152 33

November...................... 151,814 152,238 -424 261 256 5

December (p).................. 151,961 152,383 -422 147 145 2

(p) = preliminary.

Year and month

Level Over-the-month change
 

-6-

Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey

Effective with data for January 2020, updated population estimates were incorporated into the household 

survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each 

year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new information and assumptions about the 

growth of the population since the previous decennial census. The change in population reflected in the 

new estimates results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics, and 

estimation methodology improvements. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates for 

December 2019 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments, however, 

differences in selected December 2019 labor force series based on the old and new population estimates 

are shown in table B.

The adjustments decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in December by 

811,000, the civilian labor force by 524,000, employment by 507,000, and unemployment by 17,000. 

The number of persons not in the labor force was decreased by 287,000. The total unemployment rate, 

employment-population ratio, and labor force participation rate were unaffected. 

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability of 

household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population 

estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2019 and January 

2020. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on national labor force 

estimates is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. 

Population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans Affairs’ population 

model and are updated periodically, have also been updated with the release of data for January 2020. 

Historical data have not been revised. 

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2019 estimates by sex, race, and 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Total Men Women White

Black or 

African 

American

Asian Hispanic or 

Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population.......... -811 -403 -408 -461 -59 -273 -323

 Civilian labor force............................ -524 -289 -235 -297 -41 -171 -219

 Participation rate.......................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

 Employed....................................... -507 -279 -227 -287 -39 -167 -210

 Employment-population ratio......... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Unemployed................................... -17 -10 -9 -10 -2 -4 -9

 Unemployment rate...................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Not in labor force.............................. -287 -115 -172 -164 -18 -102 -104

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or

African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
 

-7-

Table C. December 2019-January 2020 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for 

population control effects

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Dec.-Jan. change, as 

published

2020 population control 

effect

Dec.-Jan. change, after 

removing the population 

control effect 1

Civilian noninstitutional population.......... -679 -811 132

 Civilian labor force............................ 50 -524 574

 Participation rate.......................... 0.2 0.0 0.2

 Employed....................................... -89 -507 418

 Employment-population ratio......... 0.2 0.0 0.2

 Unemployed................................... 139 -17 156

 Unemployment rate...................... 0.1 0.0 0.1

 Not in labor force.............................. -729 -287 -442

1 This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month

change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Change from:

Dec. 2019-

Jan. 2020

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 258,239 260,020 260,181 259,502 -679

Civilian labor force........................................................... 163,142 164,347 164,556 164,606 50

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.2 63.2 63.2 63.4 0.2

Employed................................................................... 156,627 158,536 158,803 158,714 -89

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.7 61.0 61.0 61.2 0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 6,516 5,811 5,753 5,892 139

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.6 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,097 95,673 95,625 94,896 -729

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.6 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.3 0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.9 12.0 12.6 12.2 -0.4

White.......................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 6.8 5.6 5.9 6.0 0.1

Asian.......................................................................... 3.1 2.6 2.5 3.0 0.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.9 0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.5 0.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.8 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,060 2,804 2,686 2,665 -21

Job leavers...................................................................... 816 776 829 836 7

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,944 1,663 1,655 1,838 183

New entrants.................................................................... 607 581 551 557 6

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,319 2,026 2,065 2,059 -6

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,999 1,753 1,730 1,755 25

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 898 865 812 887 75

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,259 1,219 1,186 1,166 -20

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,105 4,288 4,148 4,182 34

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,402 2,634 2,657 2,655 -2

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,413 1,259 1,215 1,294 79

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,984 21,532 21,586 22,154 568

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,498 1,244 1,230 1,342 112

Discouraged workers........................................................ 418 316 289 337 48

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 261 147 225

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 247 142 206

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 45 -5 32

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -11 -11 0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 -2 11 44

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 58 -5 -12

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 45 -1 -11

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 40.5 1.3 -10.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 13 -4 -1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 202 147 174

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 3.0 9.5 8.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7.9 -13.9 44.9 -8.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 22.6 3.9 28.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 1.0 0.7 -1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 9 8 5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 5 -1

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 37 14 21

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -28.2 2.6 5.9 -1.5

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 73 22 72

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 56.7 25.0 47.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 43 36 36

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 16 3 14

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 14 5 19

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 218 198 211

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 211 193 198

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 50.0 50.0 50.0

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.6 48.7 48.7

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.2 82.2 82.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.3 34.3 34.3

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.58 $28.34 $28.37 $28.44

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $951.51 $972.06 $973.09 $975.49

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 111.2 111.3 111.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 150.7 151.0 151.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 63.4 55.6 59.7

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 61.8 46.1 46.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,239 260,181 259,502 258,239 259,638 259,845 260,020 260,181 259,502

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,104 164,007 163,497 163,142 164,051 164,401 164,347 164,556 164,606

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.0 63.0 63.2 63.2 63.3 63.2 63.2 63.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,964 158,504 156,994 156,627 158,298 158,544 158,536 158,803 158,714

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.9 60.5 60.7 61.0 61.0 61.0 61.0 61.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,140 5,503 6,504 6,516 5,753 5,857 5,811 5,753 5,892

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,135 96,174 96,004 95,097 95,587 95,444 95,673 95,625 94,896

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,435 4,643 5,107 5,239 4,861 4,756 4,832 4,832 4,904

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,890 125,852 125,513 124,890 125,583 125,687 125,773 125,852 125,513

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,829 86,500 86,331 86,543 86,855 86,901 87,104 87,049 87,088

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 68.7 68.8 69.3 69.2 69.1 69.3 69.2 69.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,798 83,467 82,701 83,012 83,747 83,776 84,018 84,034 83,940

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 66.3 65.9 66.5 66.7 66.7 66.8 66.8 66.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,031 3,033 3,629 3,530 3,109 3,126 3,086 3,015 3,147

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.5 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,060 39,352 39,183 38,347 38,728 38,786 38,669 38,803 38,426

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,436 117,413 117,110 116,436 117,140 117,242 117,331 117,413 117,110

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,139 83,628 83,600 83,586 83,841 83,911 84,057 84,008 84,087

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 71.2 71.4 71.8 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,504 80,940 80,358 80,474 81,146 81,196 81,377 81,390 81,345

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 68.9 68.6 69.1 69.3 69.3 69.4 69.3 69.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,635 2,688 3,241 3,112 2,695 2,715 2,679 2,618 2,743

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.2 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,296 33,785 33,511 32,850 33,300 33,330 33,274 33,405 33,023

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,350 134,329 133,988 133,350 134,054 134,158 134,247 134,329 133,988

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,275 77,507 77,167 76,600 77,195 77,500 77,243 77,507 77,518

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.7 57.6 57.4 57.6 57.8 57.5 57.7 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,166 75,036 74,292 73,614 74,551 74,769 74,518 74,769 74,774

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 55.9 55.4 55.2 55.6 55.7 55.5 55.7 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,109 2,471 2,874 2,985 2,644 2,731 2,725 2,738 2,744

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.2 3.7 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,075 56,822 56,822 56,750 56,859 56,658 57,004 56,822 56,470

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,099 126,082 125,770 125,099 125,806 125,907 125,998 126,082 125,770

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,485 74,730 74,320 73,643 74,313 74,542 74,291 74,584 74,512

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 59.3 59.1 58.9 59.1 59.2 59.0 59.2 59.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,731 72,534 71,785 71,004 71,990 72,130 71,881 72,200 72,097

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 57.5 57.1 56.8 57.2 57.3 57.0 57.3 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,754 2,196 2,535 2,639 2,323 2,411 2,411 2,383 2,415

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 2.9 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,615 51,352 51,450 51,456 51,493 51,365 51,706 51,498 51,258

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,704 16,686 16,622 16,704 16,691 16,696 16,692 16,686 16,622

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,480 5,649 5,578 5,913 5,897 5,948 5,999 5,964 6,007

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 33.9 33.6 35.4 35.3 35.6 35.9 35.7 36.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,729 5,029 4,851 5,149 5,162 5,218 5,278 5,213 5,273

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 30.1 29.2 30.8 30.9 31.3 31.6 31.2 31.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751 619 727 765 735 730 721 752 734

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 11.0 13.0 12.9 12.5 12.3 12.0 12.6 12.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,224 11,038 11,044 10,791 10,794 10,748 10,693 10,722 10,614

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,382 201,326 200,918 200,382 201,062 201,172 201,254 201,326 200,918

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,516 126,758 126,487 126,261 127,018 127,122 127,191 127,197 127,288

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.2 63.2 63.2 63.2 63.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,542 122,919 122,058 121,812 122,955 123,028 123,077 123,175 123,332

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 61.1 60.8 60.8 61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2 61.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,974 3,839 4,429 4,448 4,063 4,094 4,115 4,022 3,957

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,866 74,568 74,431 74,121 74,044 74,050 74,063 74,129 73,630

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,684 65,827 65,925 66,034 66,109 66,115 66,204 66,076 66,279

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.4 71.6 72.0 71.8 71.7 71.8 71.6 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,112 63,897 63,599 63,869 64,224 64,173 64,247 64,238 64,341

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 69.3 69.1 69.6 69.7 69.6 69.7 69.6 69.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,572 1,930 2,326 2,165 1,886 1,941 1,957 1,839 1,938

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 2.9 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,612 56,509 56,255 55,650 56,348 56,399 56,299 56,429 56,324

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 58.4 58.2 57.8 58.3 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,733 55,086 54,639 53,895 54,709 54,755 54,666 54,827 54,807

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 56.9 56.5 55.9 56.6 56.6 56.5 56.6 56.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,879 1,423 1,616 1,755 1,639 1,644 1,633 1,602 1,517

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 2.5 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,219 4,423 4,308 4,577 4,561 4,608 4,688 4,692 4,686

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 36.2 35.3 37.3 37.3 37.6 38.3 38.4 38.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,697 3,936 3,821 4,048 4,022 4,099 4,164 4,111 4,184

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.1 32.2 31.3 33.0 32.9 33.5 34.0 33.6 34.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 486 487 529 539 509 524 581 502

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 11.0 11.3 11.6 11.8 11.0 11.2 12.4 10.7

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,868 33,215 33,184 32,868 33,116 33,152 33,184 33,215 33,184

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,549 20,855 20,702 20,615 20,685 20,704 20,675 20,949 20,790

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.8 62.4 62.7 62.5 62.5 62.3 63.1 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,033 19,692 19,327 19,211 19,550 19,571 19,527 19,712 19,549

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 59.3 58.2 58.4 59.0 59.0 58.8 59.3 58.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,516 1,163 1,375 1,404 1,135 1,133 1,148 1,238 1,241

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 5.6 6.6 6.8 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.9 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,318 12,360 12,482 12,253 12,431 12,448 12,509 12,266 12,395

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,320 9,500 9,351 9,374 9,488 9,485 9,504 9,591 9,445

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 68.0 67.0 68.0 68.1 68.0 68.1 68.6 67.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,584 8,965 8,754 8,714 8,976 9,003 9,019 9,034 8,918

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 64.1 62.7 63.2 64.5 64.6 64.6 64.6 63.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 535 597 660 512 482 485 557 526

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 5.6 6.4 7.0 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.8 5.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,433 10,646 10,662 10,403 10,478 10,494 10,445 10,625 10,617

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.4 63.5 62.7 62.6 62.6 62.3 63.3 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,820 10,139 10,049 9,833 9,987 9,984 9,929 10,094 10,067

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 60.4 59.9 59.2 59.7 59.6 59.2 60.1 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 507 613 570 491 511 516 530 550

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 4.8 5.7 5.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 709 690 838 719 724 727 734 728

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 28.9 28.3 33.8 29.3 29.5 29.6 29.9 29.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 588 524 664 588 584 579 583 564

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 24.0 21.5 26.8 23.9 23.8 23.6 23.8 23.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 121 166 173 132 141 147 151 164

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 17.1 24.0 20.7 18.3 19.4 20.3 20.6 22.5

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,034 16,482 16,178 16,034 16,400 16,399 16,558 16,482 16,178

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,264 10,443 10,259 10,309 10,521 10,713 10,705 10,478 10,332

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 63.4 63.4 64.3 64.2 65.3 64.7 63.6 63.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,938 10,189 9,932 9,991 10,262 10,409 10,429 10,214 10,017

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 61.8 61.4 62.3 62.6 63.5 63.0 62.0 61.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 254 327 318 259 305 276 264 315

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.4 3.2 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.5 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,770 6,040 5,920 5,726 5,879 5,686 5,852 6,004 5,847

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,044 43,986 43,742 43,044 43,722 43,814 43,902 43,986 43,742

Civilian labor force................................ 28,828 29,493 29,572 28,957 29,293 29,482 29,575 29,517 29,672

Participation rate............................... 67.0 67.1 67.6 67.3 67.0 67.3 67.4 67.1 67.8

Employed....................................... 27,208 28,275 28,066 27,558 28,156 28,279 28,339 28,286 28,397

Employment-population ratio............... 63.2 64.3 64.2 64.0 64.4 64.5 64.6 64.3 64.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,620 1,218 1,506 1,400 1,137 1,203 1,236 1,231 1,275

Unemployment rate......................... 5.6 4.1 5.1 4.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3

Not in labor force................................. 14,217 14,493 14,170 14,087 14,430 14,332 14,327 14,468 14,070

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,657 15,878 16,096 15,696 15,793 15,841 15,983 15,875 16,114

Participation rate............................... 80.6 79.9 81.5 80.8 80.0 80.1 80.6 79.9 81.6

Employed....................................... 14,848 15,352 15,362 15,068 15,320 15,310 15,498 15,393 15,571

Employment-population ratio............... 76.4 77.3 77.8 77.6 77.6 77.4 78.2 77.5 78.9

Unemployed.................................... 809 526 734 628 473 531 485 483 543

Unemployment rate......................... 5.2 3.3 4.6 4.0 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,945 12,310 12,222 11,955 12,192 12,318 12,196 12,293 12,242

Participation rate............................... 60.8 61.2 61.1 60.8 61.0 61.5 60.8 61.1 61.2

Employed....................................... 11,332 11,779 11,637 11,386 11,723 11,834 11,675 11,736 11,701

Employment-population ratio............... 57.6 58.6 58.2 57.9 58.7 59.1 58.2 58.4 58.5

Unemployed.................................... 613 531 585 569 468 485 521 558 541

Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 4.3 4.8 4.8 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,226 1,305 1,253 1,307 1,308 1,323 1,396 1,349 1,316

Participation rate............................... 31.0 32.5 31.4 33.0 32.7 33.0 34.8 33.6 32.9

Employed....................................... 1,028 1,143 1,066 1,104 1,112 1,135 1,166 1,157 1,125

Employment-population ratio............... 26.0 28.5 26.7 27.9 27.8 28.3 29.0 28.8 28.1

Unemployed.................................... 198 161 187 203 196 188 230 191 191

Unemployment rate......................... 16.1 12.4 14.9 15.5 15.0 14.2 16.5 14.2 14.5

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,169 9,918 9,657 10,041 9,917 9,783 9,761 9,895 9,621

Participation rate.................................. 45.7 46.6 46.1 45.1 45.9 47.2 46.5 46.5 45.9

Employed.......................................... 9,419 9,330 8,946 9,468 9,440 9,240 9,245 9,379 9,090

Employment-population ratio................. 42.3 43.8 42.7 42.5 43.7 44.6 44.1 44.0 43.4

Unemployed....................................... 750 588 711 573 477 543 516 516 531

Unemployment rate............................ 7.4 5.9 7.4 5.7 4.8 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,968 35,923 35,878 36,358 36,305 36,263 36,178 36,094 36,230

Participation rate.................................. 57.9 58.2 58.1 58.6 57.8 57.8 58.0 58.5 58.7

Employed.......................................... 34,413 34,585 34,299 34,997 34,990 34,928 34,850 34,764 34,861

Employment-population ratio................. 55.4 56.0 55.6 56.4 55.7 55.6 55.9 56.3 56.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,554 1,337 1,579 1,361 1,315 1,335 1,328 1,330 1,369

Unemployment rate............................ 4.3 3.7 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,307 37,499 37,211 37,328 37,455 37,585 37,478 37,509 37,283

Participation rate.................................. 65.4 64.7 64.5 65.4 65.1 64.8 64.7 64.7 64.6

Employed.......................................... 35,939 36,516 36,088 36,052 36,370 36,515 36,393 36,491 36,243

Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 63.0 62.5 63.2 63.2 63.0 62.9 63.0 62.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,368 983 1,124 1,277 1,085 1,069 1,085 1,018 1,040

Unemployment rate............................ 3.7 2.6 3.0 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 58,338 60,174 60,237 58,339 59,159 59,555 59,924 59,938 60,176

Participation rate.................................. 73.8 73.8 73.8 73.8 74.0 73.9 74.0 73.5 73.7

Employed.......................................... 56,897 59,096 59,015 56,948 57,966 58,319 58,750 58,778 59,002

Employment-population ratio................. 72.0 72.5 72.3 72.0 72.5 72.3 72.5 72.1 72.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,441 1,079 1,222 1,392 1,193 1,235 1,174 1,160 1,174

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,995 18,642 17,120 16,744 1,875 1,898

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,369 9,189 8,224 8,038 1,145 1,151

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 49.3 48.0 48.0 61.1 60.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,025 8,870 7,911 7,755 1,115 1,115

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 47.6 46.2 46.3 59.4 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 319 313 282 31 36

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.5 2.7 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,626 9,453 8,896 8,706 730 747

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,276 4,326 3,597 3,570 679 756

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,480 3,418 3,008 2,856 472 562

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 79.0 83.6 80.0 69.6 74.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,333 3,269 2,867 2,722 466 547

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.0 75.6 79.7 76.2 68.7 72.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 149 141 134 6 15

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.7 1.2 2.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 908 589 714 207 194

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,050 3,167 2,517 2,674 533 493

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,350 2,403 1,960 2,087 390 317

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 75.9 77.9 78.1 73.2 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,290 2,342 1,909 2,030 381 312

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 74.0 75.8 75.9 71.5 63.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 61 51 56 9 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.3 1.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 763 557 587 143 176

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,400 7,007 7,146 6,763 254 244

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,559 1,448 1,505 1,412 54 35

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 20.7 21.1 20.9 21.1 14.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,499 1,412 1,448 1,380 51 32

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 20.1 20.3 20.4 19.9 13.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 36 57 32 3 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 2.5 3.8 2.3 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,841 5,559 5,641 5,351 200 209

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,269 4,142 3,860 3,737 409 405

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,980 1,920 1,751 1,682 229 238

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 46.4 45.4 45.0 56.0 58.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,903 1,847 1,687 1,623 216 224

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 44.6 43.7 43.4 52.9 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 73 64 60 13 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 5.6 5.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,289 2,222 2,109 2,055 180 167

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,436 232,099 103,299 104,393 127,137 127,706

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,990 152,311 76,773 77,416 74,217 74,895

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.6 74.3 74.2 58.4 58.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,447 146,350 73,180 74,189 71,268 72,161

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.1 70.8 71.1 56.1 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,543 5,961 3,593 3,226 2,950 2,735

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.9 4.7 4.2 4.0 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,446 79,788 26,527 26,977 52,920 52,811

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,080 30,504 228,160 228,998

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,180 6,227 155,924 157,270

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.5 20.4 68.3 68.7

Employed............................................................................. 5,625 5,741 149,339 151,253

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.7 18.8 65.5 66.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 556 486 6,585 6,017

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.0 7.8 4.2 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,899 24,277 72,236 71,727

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,648 2,664 77,564 77,639

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.2 35.6 82.5 82.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,387 2,408 74,014 74,462

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 31.7 32.2 78.8 79.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 260 256 3,550 3,177

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.8 9.6 4.6 4.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,885 4,817 16,420 16,207

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,381 2,394 69,186 69,853

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.9 31.5 71.4 72.2

Employed............................................................................. 2,156 2,220 66,509 67,277

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.0 29.2 68.6 69.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 224 174 2,677 2,575

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.4 7.3 3.9 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,333 5,196 27,706 26,919

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,151 1,169 9,174 9,779

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.8 7.6 24.6 25.5

Employed............................................................................. 1,081 1,113 8,817 9,514

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.3 7.2 23.6 24.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 71 56 357 265

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.1 4.8 3.9 2.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,681 14,263 28,110 28,601

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,909 42,362 20,969 20,658 21,940 21,704

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,686 28,189 16,455 16,241 12,231 11,948

Participation rate.................................................. 66.9 66.5 78.5 78.6 55.7 55.1

Employed.......................................................... 27,381 27,066 15,720 15,659 11,661 11,407

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.8 63.9 75.0 75.8 53.1 52.6

Unemployed....................................................... 1,305 1,124 734 582 571 542

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.5 4.0 4.5 3.6 4.7 4.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,223 14,173 4,514 4,417 9,708 9,756

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 215,331 217,139 103,921 104,855 111,410 112,284

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,419 135,308 69,375 70,089 64,044 65,218

Participation rate.................................................. 62.0 62.3 66.8 66.8 57.5 58.1

Employed.......................................................... 127,583 129,928 66,078 67,042 61,505 62,886

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.2 59.8 63.6 63.9 55.2 56.0

Unemployed....................................................... 5,835 5,380 3,297 3,047 2,538 2,333

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.4 4.0 4.8 4.3 4.0 3.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,912 81,831 34,546 34,765 47,366 47,066

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,414 2,449 2,273 2,546 2,416 2,473 2,356 2,533 2,404

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,644 1,795 1,656 1,731 1,634 1,651 1,661 1,849 1,741

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 746 637 592 796 765 793 692 684 647

Unpaid family workers........................... 24 17 25 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 152,550 156,055 154,720 154,112 155,816 155,970 156,167 156,241 156,345

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 143,834 147,176 146,037 145,259 146,852 147,118 147,275 147,431 147,483

Government..................................... 20,800 21,367 21,694 20,614 21,144 21,513 21,342 21,323 21,475

Private industries............................... 123,034 125,808 124,343 124,615 125,734 125,812 125,996 126,069 125,960

Private households.......................... 799 841 801 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 122,234 124,968 123,542 123,811 124,864 124,979 125,157 125,250 125,152

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,672 8,809 8,633 8,831 8,850 8,811 8,856 8,821 8,801

Unpaid family workers........................... 44 70 50 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,640 4,247 4,732 5,105 4,336 4,397 4,288 4,148 4,182

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,888 2,742 3,057 3,402 2,600 2,747 2,634 2,657 2,655

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,418 1,190 1,340 1,413 1,310 1,278 1,259 1,215 1,294

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,734 22,086 21,929 20,984 21,559 21,544 21,532 21,586 22,154

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,543 4,170 4,605 5,032 4,257 4,306 4,221 4,111 4,091

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,841 2,685 2,962 3,360 2,554 2,684 2,599 2,613 2,580

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,398 1,186 1,337 1,396 1,300 1,267 1,254 1,209 1,308

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,340 21,685 21,564 20,589 21,178 21,137 21,163 21,180 21,787

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,964 158,504 156,994 156,627 158,298 158,544 158,536 158,803 158,714

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,729 5,029 4,851 5,149 5,162 5,218 5,278 5,213 5,273

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,492 1,793 1,774 1,653 1,809 1,851 1,978 1,874 1,949

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,237 3,236 3,077 3,472 3,321 3,411 3,315 3,339 3,311

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,235 153,474 152,143 151,478 153,136 153,326 153,258 153,590 153,441

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,567 13,947 13,795 13,951 14,282 14,362 14,112 14,142 14,214

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,668 139,527 138,348 137,485 138,787 139,023 139,176 139,426 139,215

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,208 101,783 101,005 100,703 101,201 101,437 101,517 101,653 101,487

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,392 36,263 35,915 35,615 35,928 36,070 36,190 36,230 36,129

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,732 33,432 33,255 32,887 33,385 33,390 33,293 33,406 33,412

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,084 32,088 31,835 32,201 31,887 31,978 32,033 32,017 31,945

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,460 37,744 37,343 36,782 37,586 37,585 37,660 37,773 37,728

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,798 83,467 82,701 83,012 83,747 83,776 84,018 84,034 83,940

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,294 2,527 2,343 2,538 2,601 2,580 2,640 2,644 2,596

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 797 757 797 896 899 929 876 860

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,586 1,730 1,586 1,738 1,686 1,694 1,717 1,766 1,733

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,504 80,940 80,358 80,474 81,146 81,196 81,377 81,390 81,345

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,868 7,001 7,045 7,119 7,208 7,208 7,157 7,152 7,307

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,636 73,940 73,313 73,366 73,896 73,986 74,224 74,217 74,057

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,358 53,863 53,412 53,783 53,870 53,952 54,101 54,005 53,840

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,958 19,295 18,973 19,118 19,197 19,312 19,413 19,364 19,145

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,600 17,819 17,713 17,769 17,928 17,875 17,890 17,881 17,884

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,799 16,748 16,726 16,897 16,745 16,765 16,797 16,761 16,810

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,278 20,077 19,901 19,583 20,026 20,034 20,124 20,212 20,217

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,166 75,036 74,292 73,614 74,551 74,769 74,518 74,769 74,774

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,435 2,502 2,508 2,610 2,561 2,639 2,637 2,568 2,677

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 996 1,017 856 914 952 1,049 999 1,089

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,651 1,506 1,491 1,735 1,635 1,717 1,598 1,573 1,578

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,731 72,534 71,785 71,004 71,990 72,130 71,881 72,200 72,097

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,699 6,947 6,750 6,833 7,073 7,154 6,955 6,990 6,907

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,031 65,587 65,035 64,119 64,891 65,037 64,952 65,208 65,158

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,850 47,921 47,593 46,920 47,331 47,486 47,416 47,648 47,647

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,433 16,969 16,942 16,497 16,731 16,758 16,777 16,866 16,984

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,132 15,613 15,542 15,119 15,457 15,514 15,403 15,525 15,528

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,285 15,339 15,109 15,304 15,143 15,214 15,236 15,256 15,135

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,181 17,666 17,442 17,199 17,560 17,551 17,536 17,561 17,510

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,494 45,969 45,949 45,801 46,011 45,971 46,059 46,177 46,257

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,420 36,913 36,926 36,441 36,478 36,657 36,581 36,631 36,869

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,491 9,757 9,553 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,166 131,142 129,379 129,775 131,123 131,518 131,561 131,755 131,099

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,799 27,362 27,615 26,770 27,079 26,992 26,958 26,992 27,529

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,749 8,058 8,083 7,843 8,312 8,132 8,107 7,946 8,152

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,965 6,554 6,472 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,418 9,446 9,226 9,627 9,615 9,604 9,548 9,506 9,448

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,516 5,753 5,892 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 765 752 734 12.9 12.5 12.3 12.0 12.6 12.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 287 298 260 14.8 13.1 14.0 12.6 13.7 11.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 478 461 473 12.1 12.2 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.5

20 years and over................................ 5,751 5,001 5,158 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,127 958 1,012 7.5 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.6

25 years and over.............................. 4,613 4,045 4,153 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 3,418 3,133 3,154 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,462 1,344 1,397 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7

35 to 44 years............................. 981 947 946 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 975 842 811 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5

55 years and over........................... 1,212 911 1,000 3.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,530 3,015 3,147 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 419 397 405 14.2 13.7 13.7 13.4 13.0 13.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 151 150 144 15.9 13.1 14.4 14.1 14.6 14.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 261 260 256 13.1 14.0 13.2 13.0 12.8 12.9

20 years and over................................ 3,112 2,618 2,743 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 650 555 533 8.4 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.2 6.8

25 years and over.............................. 2,484 2,064 2,227 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 1,815 1,619 1,683 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 798 728 783 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 518 466 476 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 498 424 425 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5

55 years and over........................... 669 445 544 3.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.6

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,985 2,738 2,744 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 346 355 330 11.7 11.2 10.8 10.6 12.1 11.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 136 148 115 13.7 13.2 13.6 11.3 12.9 9.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 217 201 217 11.1 10.2 9.4 10.2 11.3 12.1

20 years and over................................ 2,639 2,383 2,415 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 477 403 478 6.5 5.4 4.8 5.5 5.5 6.5

25 years and over.............................. 2,130 1,981 1,926 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 1,603 1,514 1,471 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 664 616 614 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 463 481 470 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 476 417 386 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5

55 years and over........................... 511 476 438 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 960 751 804 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.7

Married women, spouse present1................. 911 798 796 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1

Women who maintain families2.................... 539 425 545 5.4 4.7 5.4 4.8 4.2 5.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,333 4,664 4,744 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,190 1,087 1,171 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.1

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,791 2,752 3,267 3,060 2,575 2,691 2,804 2,686 2,665

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,432 873 1,109 940 729 772 768 807 742

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,359 1,879 2,158 2,120 1,846 1,919 2,036 1,880 1,923

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,536 1,296 1,403 1,415 1,318 1,260 1,422 1,295 1,289

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 823 583 755 706 528 659 614 585 634

Job leavers........................................... 804 776 830 816 840 846 776 829 836

Reentrants............................................ 1,999 1,524 1,907 1,944 1,669 1,698 1,663 1,655 1,838

New entrants......................................... 547 452 500 607 673 622 581 551 557

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 53.1 50.0 50.2 47.6 44.7 45.9 48.1 46.9 45.2

On temporary layoff.............................. 20.1 15.9 17.1 14.6 12.7 13.2 13.2 14.1 12.6

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 33.0 34.1 33.2 33.0 32.1 32.8 35.0 32.9 32.6

Job leavers........................................... 11.3 14.1 12.8 12.7 14.6 14.4 13.3 14.5 14.2

Reentrants............................................ 28.0 27.7 29.3 30.2 29.0 29.0 28.6 28.9 31.2

New entrants......................................... 7.7 8.2 7.7 9.4 11.7 10.6 10.0 9.6 9.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,751 2,001 2,468 2,319 1,869 1,978 2,026 2,065 2,059

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,169 1,651 1,925 1,999 1,778 1,747 1,753 1,730 1,755

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,221 1,852 2,110 2,156 2,124 2,144 2,083 1,998 2,053

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 905 755 893 898 806 884 865 812 887

27 weeks and over............................... 1,316 1,097 1,217 1,259 1,318 1,259 1,219 1,186 1,166

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 19.2 20.3 20.5 20.6 21.7 21.6 20.2 20.8 21.9

Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.3 8.4 8.6 9.0 9.4 9.2 9.2 9.0 9.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 38.5 36.4 38.0 35.8 32.4 33.7 34.6 35.6 35.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 30.4 30.0 29.6 30.9 30.8 29.8 29.9 29.9 29.9

15 weeks and over.................................. 31.1 33.6 32.4 33.3 36.8 36.5 35.5 34.5 35.0

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 12.7 13.7 13.7 13.9 14.0 15.1 14.7 14.0 15.1

27 weeks and over............................... 18.4 19.9 18.7 19.4 22.8 21.5 20.8 20.5 19.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 154,964 156,994 7,140 6,504 4.4 4.0

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 63,818 65,643 1,607 1,453 2.5 2.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 26,733 27,573 676 653 2.5 2.3

Professional and related occupations.......................... 37,085 38,070 931 799 2.4 2.1

Service occupations................................................ 25,770 25,943 1,504 1,280 5.5 4.7

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,159 31,320 1,514 1,309 4.4 4.0

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,438 15,428 731 724 4.5 4.5

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,721 15,892 783 585 4.2 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,277 13,923 1,081 934 7.0 6.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,119 1,081 257 210 18.6 16.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,453 8,015 689 590 7.5 6.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,705 4,827 136 134 2.8 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,940 20,165 870 1,008 4.6 4.8

Production occupations.......................................... 8,417 8,299 372 434 4.2 5.0

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,522 11,866 498 574 5.0 4.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,140 6,504 4.4 4.0

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,401 4,954 4.2 3.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 44 16 5.3 1.9

Construction.......................................................................... 638 515 6.4 5.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 533 530 3.3 3.4

Durable goods..................................................................... 334 317 3.3 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................ 199 214 3.4 3.7

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 942 945 4.8 4.7

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 253 220 3.6 3.0

Information............................................................................ 120 61 4.7 2.3

Financial activities................................................................... 242 259 2.4 2.5

Professional and business services............................................... 847 724 4.9 4.1

Education and health services..................................................... 648 601 2.6 2.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 875 833 6.4 5.9

Other services........................................................................ 259 250 3.9 3.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 257 231 14.1 12.5

Government workers................................................................... 567 467 2.6 2.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 369 351 3.7 3.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.4 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.7 3.5 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.3 4.1 4.8 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.8 6.7 7.7 8.0 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 96,135 96,004 39,060 39,183 57,075 56,822

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,435 5,107 2,610 2,566 2,825 2,541

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,614 1,464 802 817 813 647

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 426 350 240 185 186 166

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,188 1,113 561 632 627 481

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,749 8,083 3,846 3,949 3,904 4,134

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.6

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,452 4,528 2,399 2,421 2,053 2,108

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,879 2,047 636 700 1,243 1,347

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 249 326 183 227 66 99

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,133 1,123 619 585 514 538

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Change

from:

Dec.2019 -

Jan.2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,879 153,177 152,934 150,102 150,134 151,814 151,961 152,186 225

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,501 130,023 129,919 127,557 127,628 129,155 129,297 129,503 206

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,539 21,209 21,034 20,713 21,023 21,131 21,126 21,158 32

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733 729 713 702 746 724 713 713 0

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 55.3 53.7 52.2 50.3 53.7 53.0 53.0 0.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683.5 674.0 659.7 649.9 695.7 670.5 660.4 659.7 -0.7

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.1 156.7 158.0 157.3 142.4 155.9 158.0 158.4 0.4

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.7 191.2 187.2 184.9 193.5 190.7 189.6 190.8 1.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 52.2 51.2 51.1 52.1 52.2 51.1 51.3 0.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 40.8 40.5 40.8 42.0 41.1 40.8 41.3 0.5

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.0 98.2 95.5 93.0 99.4 97.4 97.6 98.2 0.6

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.7 326.1 314.5 307.7 359.8 323.9 312.8 310.5 -2.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,069 7,609 7,447 7,238 7,452 7,539 7,550 7,594 44

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,602.8 1,680.5 1,666.1 1,630.3 1,653.8 1,670.4 1,674.0 1,676.9 2.9

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789.7 837.2 828.1 807.8 815.5 830.2 828.7 831.1 2.4

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.1 843.3 838.0 822.5 838.3 840.2 845.3 845.8 0.5

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 965.9 1,104.6 1,040.8 985.2 1,081.2 1,086.3 1,085.7 1,091.8 6.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,500.3 4,823.9 4,740.3 4,622.9 4,717.3 4,781.8 4,790.1 4,825.1 35.0

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,983.2 2,106.7 2,066.4 2,021.8 2,082.2 2,091.1 2,092.6 2,110.4 17.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,517.1 2,717.2 2,673.9 2,601.1 2,635.1 2,690.7 2,697.5 2,714.7 17.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,737 12,871 12,874 12,773 12,825 12,868 12,863 12,851 -12

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,023 8,065 8,071 8,020 8,059 8,064 8,063 8,052 -11

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.9 411.7 411.4 406.9 407.5 410.9 411.3 411.3 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.0 427.3 419.7 410.3 425.4 423.5 421.7 422.1 0.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.3 378.0 377.4 374.6 388.0 379.0 375.6 373.6 -2.0

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.6 1,490.2 1,486.2 1,480.3 1,493.0 1,489.7 1,484.9 1,486.0 1.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,129.4 1,115.7 1,117.2 1,115.7 1,131.4 1,119.3 1,117.5 1,116.1 -1.4

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,065.0 1,090.9 1,096.4 1,093.3 1,068.2 1,092.3 1,095.7 1,096.4 0.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 159.7 166.1 168.1 169.4 160.1 166.4 168.0 169.6 1.6

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.9 83.8 84.4 83.0 83.3 83.7 84.1 83.3 -0.8

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.7 378.3 378.9 377.5 374.2 378.9 379.4 379.1 -0.3

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.3 429.2 431.4 431.4 417.9 430.1 431.0 432.0 1.0

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 33.5 33.6 32.0 32.8 33.1 33.2 32.4 -0.8

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 404.6 405.5 406.7 404.5 405.6 405.1 405.4 405.2 -0.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,733.7 1,739.0 1,747.0 1,731.1 1,735.1 1,739.1 1,743.0 1,733.5 -9.5

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010.4 996.5 1,001.7 985.5 1,010.6 995.9 997.2 986.6 -10.6

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.1 387.1 387.8 386.4 389.8 387.6 387.3 387.8 0.5

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.5 619.6 621.5 616.7 615.4 617.9 620.2 620.3 0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,714 4,806 4,803 4,753 4,766 4,804 4,800 4,799 -1

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609.6 1,663.1 1,662.7 1,634.4 1,632.9 1,661.4 1,660.7 1,657.6 -3.1

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.3 107.2 106.7 106.6 109.8 107.2 106.8 107.2 0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.7 113.2 112.7 112.5 114.8 112.6 112.1 113.0 0.9

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.7 107.1 106.2 104.2 112.7 106.8 106.4 105.2 -1.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.3 363.7 365.6 364.1 365.8 365.0 365.2 365.6 0.4

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 426.0 423.4 421.1 416.7 428.6 421.3 419.2 419.0 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.4 112.8 111.9 111.3 115.5 113.5 114.1 115.5 1.4

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.0 852.4 854.9 846.7 844.0 853.6 852.6 850.1 -2.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729.8 740.8 743.8 744.5 734.5 741.0 742.6 745.5 2.9

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.7 322.4 317.6 312.2 307.6 321.3 320.5 320.6 0.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,962 108,814 108,885 106,844 106,605 108,024 108,171 108,345 174

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,598 28,350 28,584 27,747 27,711 27,762 27,821 27,848 27

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,837.2 5,936.8 5,947.8 5,912.2 5,878.9 5,926.3 5,935.8 5,944.2 8.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,165.7 3,218.3 3,225.8 3,216.6 3,182.5 3,218.6 3,220.8 3,227.7 6.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,139.1 2,180.8 2,184.5 2,160.1 2,162.6 2,171.9 2,179.3 2,180.2 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Change

from:

Dec.2019 -

Jan.2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532.4 537.7 537.5 535.5 533.8 535.8 535.7 536.3 0.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,628.1 16,080.2 16,159.1 15,570.3 15,696.5 15,630.8 15,675.7 15,667.4 -8.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,996.4 2,053.5 2,048.5 2,040.6 2,018.8 2,053.6 2,056.2 2,060.2 4.0

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,288.8 1,301.7 1,304.0 1,303.3 1,296.7 1,302.2 1,305.9 1,309.3 3.4

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.3 162.4 158.6 155.5 163.3 166.4 165.7 165.1 -0.6

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 554.3 589.4 585.9 581.8 558.8 584.9 584.5 585.8 1.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 483.6 483.0 491.9 471.3 476.1 467.6 469.5 467.8 -1.7

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 486.2 495.3 496.5 490.5 477.6 481.1 482.2 482.2 0.0

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,227.8 1,272.2 1,272.4 1,250.6 1,290.2 1,302.7 1,309.5 1,312.8 3.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056.7 3,119.2 3,119.4 3,075.1 3,070.8 3,092.1 3,088.5 3,090.0 1.5

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073.2 1,073.8 1,082.5 1,061.7 1,064.0 1,052.4 1,053.0 1,052.0 -1.0

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928.3 955.5 948.9 940.6 940.3 951.4 951.5 950.2 -1.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,340.5 1,355.3 1,405.1 1,281.3 1,332.5 1,249.2 1,282.5 1,277.9 -4.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561.4 581.1 590.3 548.5 549.0 542.1 544.9 550.4 5.5

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,093.1 3,271.6 3,291.7 3,060.6 3,068.6 3,056.3 3,061.4 3,047.0 -14.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,132.3 1,200.7 1,231.1 1,092.3 1,105.9 1,085.0 1,087.7 1,070.8 -16.9

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,960.8 2,070.9 2,060.6 1,968.3 1,962.7 1,971.3 1,973.7 1,976.2 2.5

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817.8 842.7 833.5 800.7 841.1 826.0 820.9 820.6 -0.3

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.1 577.0 578.4 548.8 567.5 556.3 555.6 556.3 0.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,582.6 5,786.0 5,927.9 5,719.8 5,584.3 5,658.0 5,661.9 5,690.2 28.3

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.9 504.3 506.3 506.9 498.9 507.2 508.3 509.9 1.6

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.2 165.9 163.7 163.7 183.6 165.8 164.4 164.4 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 65.5 64.2 63.1 65.7 66.1 65.1 65.1 0.0

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501.0 1,539.7 1,524.6 1,503.5 1,527.9 1,529.8 1,525.8 1,529.0 3.2

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.9 520.4 522.0 516.9 494.7 503.8 506.0 507.1 1.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.6 51.4 51.4 51.3 50.7 51.4 51.3 51.3 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 26.3 31.7 30.0 27.0 37.0 36.2 35.7 35.9 0.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 743.9 763.0 766.0 760.9 749.6 760.0 760.8 763.0 2.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842.1 915.9 1,075.3 929.8 798.2 845.1 851.8 866.1 14.3

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173.9 1,228.2 1,224.4 1,196.7 1,178.0 1,192.6 1,192.7 1,198.4 5.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.7 547.0 549.3 545.0 551.6 547.2 547.9 546.5 -1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,799 2,900 2,897 2,846 2,843 2,874 2,882 2,887 5

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 746.6 767.7 767.3 767.9 749.9 764.9 765.5 768.7 3.2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.6 462.3 460.1 415.8 439.8 445.7 452.6 451.2 -1.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.4 267.4 265.8 260.7 269.0 264.8 264.1 261.8 -2.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726.0 708.1 708.0 700.0 728.9 705.1 703.4 703.0 -0.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.1 344.8 345.3 350.2 332.2 345.2 346.7 352.0 5.3

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.9 349.2 350.9 351.4 323.5 348.5 349.3 350.7 1.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,618 8,805 8,820 8,746 8,676 8,804 8,809 8,808 -1

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,364.7 6,466.3 6,475.3 6,443.2 6,383.2 6,457.9 6,461.5 6,463.2 1.7

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.8 19.6 19.1 19.5 19.8 19.6 19.3 19.6 0.3

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,641.8 2,664.4 2,672.6 2,666.3 2,647.1 2,664.1 2,668.5 2,670.0 1.5

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,770.3 1,776.2 1,782.4 1,781.9 1,772.0 1,779.7 1,783.2 1,783.2 0.0

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,389.9 1,387.3 1,391.4 1,391.0 1,391.3 1,390.4 1,392.2 1,391.2 -1.0

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 569.8 581.7 582.7 578.7 573.1 579.0 579.7 580.9 1.2

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 301.7 306.5 307.5 305.7 301.9 305.4 305.6 305.8 0.2

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 950.7 967.1 971.0 960.9 956.5 966.7 967.4 966.3 -1.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,752.4 2,815.2 2,812.6 2,796.5 2,759.8 2,807.5 2,806.3 2,807.3 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,253.1 2,338.8 2,345.0 2,302.9 2,292.5 2,345.6 2,347.5 2,345.1 -2.4

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670.3 1,740.2 1,748.8 1,719.0 1,691.6 1,740.4 1,743.1 1,742.4 -0.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560.1 575.1 572.5 560.9 577.6 581.7 580.9 579.0 -1.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Change

from:

Dec.2019 -

Jan.2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.7 23.5 23.7 23.0 23.3 23.5 23.5 23.7 0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,709 21,727 21,597 21,128 21,126 21,481 21,495 21,516 21

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,384.9 9,682.3 9,693.4 9,655.0 9,410.6 9,649.9 9,661.7 9,674.5 12.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,137.5 1,159.4 1,162.3 1,152.2 1,144.7 1,157.1 1,156.2 1,160.7 4.5

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,062.6 1,013.0 1,039.5 1,082.9 1,009.7 1,031.9 1,033.2 1,029.7 -3.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,474.1 1,528.9 1,527.6 1,511.0 1,496.6 1,526.2 1,528.4 1,526.6 -1.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.7 148.1 146.9 143.6 142.7 145.8 144.6 146.2 1.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,150.2 2,251.0 2,235.3 2,243.5 2,158.2 2,235.8 2,240.3 2,249.1 8.8

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,488.3 1,570.8 1,569.7 1,539.3 1,506.1 1,553.5 1,556.2 1,558.5 2.3

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708.0 742.8 745.8 735.6 712.3 741.8 744.6 742.7 -1.9

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.9 497.5 496.9 491.6 492.5 495.6 495.1 495.8 0.7

Other professional and technical services. . . 737.6 770.8 769.4 755.3 747.9 762.2 763.0 765.4 2.4

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,394.9 2,445.7 2,451.8 2,436.3 2,404.0 2,445.0 2,448.3 2,447.5 -0.8

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,929.3 9,598.5 9,452.0 9,037.0 9,311.5 9,385.7 9,385.3 9,393.9 8.6

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,490.8 9,134.6 8,988.0 8,579.4 8,866.3 8,921.6 8,920.1 8,928.5 8.4

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 517.2 530.8 529.9 526.9 519.7 529.4 530.7 531.0 0.3

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.8 166.6 167.1 165.9 161.2 166.4 167.1 168.0 0.9

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482.8 3,825.1 3,796.7 3,503.3 3,645.0 3,649.1 3,652.2 3,649.9 -2.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,822.7 3,107.2 3,085.8 2,822.8 2,964.8 2,945.5 2,951.4 2,949.9 -1.5

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888.4 893.2 891.2 872.5 886.0 869.8 868.5 869.7 1.2

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.9 220.7 219.6 216.8 219.9 221.8 222.3 222.4 0.1

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 934.2 967.3 966.0 954.9 947.1 961.0 962.0 965.6 3.6

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,968.6 2,184.2 2,075.6 2,002.4 2,155.9 2,176.2 2,170.9 2,180.4 9.5

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324.9 346.7 341.9 336.7 331.3 347.8 346.5 341.5 -5.0

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.5 463.9 464.0 457.6 445.2 464.1 465.2 465.4 0.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,724 24,682 24,630 24,390 23,900 24,436 24,458 24,530 72

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,619.5 3,991.8 3,903.4 3,739.3 3,737.0 3,806.7 3,803.6 3,828.5 24.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,104.4 20,690.6 20,726.1 20,650.3 20,162.7 20,628.9 20,653.9 20,701.1 47.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,064.1 16,462.3 16,497.5 16,430.3 16,112.6 16,419.2 16,437.8 16,473.3 35.5

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,556.2 7,816.7 7,842.3 7,806.3 7,586.8 7,792.7 7,809.7 7,832.2 22.5

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,632.2 2,712.2 2,725.1 2,707.9 2,641.1 2,702.5 2,707.9 2,713.5 5.6

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959.9 977.1 977.7 972.9 961.9 974.9 974.0 975.5 1.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 950.4 982.3 985.9 980.7 953.6 978.8 982.3 984.5 2.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947.1 973.2 981.8 980.4 948.6 972.5 978.5 981.6 3.1

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 278.8 289.8 289.0 288.9 279.6 289.6 288.1 290.6 2.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,483.4 1,563.1 1,563.9 1,555.4 1,493.6 1,555.6 1,558.8 1,563.5 4.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.4 319.0 318.9 320.1 308.4 318.8 320.1 322.9 2.8

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,158.0 5,249.1 5,255.8 5,247.8 5,164.3 5,236.8 5,243.1 5,252.8 9.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,349.9 3,396.5 3,399.4 3,376.2 3,361.5 3,389.7 3,385.0 3,388.3 3.3

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596.0 1,599.7 1,594.9 1,585.1 1,599.7 1,594.7 1,588.0 1,590.4 2.4

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 638.9 650.9 652.1 649.4 642.0 651.2 650.6 651.8 1.2

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951.2 979.0 985.3 975.1 954.8 977.0 979.6 977.9 -1.7

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 163.8 166.9 167.1 166.6 165.1 166.8 166.8 168.2 1.4

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,040.3 4,228.3 4,228.6 4,220.0 4,050.1 4,209.7 4,216.1 4,227.8 11.7

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,535.2 2,673.5 2,674.1 2,677.5 2,545.5 2,668.5 2,671.6 2,682.9 11.3

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 181.0 186.1 188.4 185.9 181.1 185.8 186.2 186.3 0.1

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 320.2 324.9 325.2 320.3 324.7 324.4 325.0 324.1 -0.9

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,003.9 1,043.8 1,040.9 1,036.3 998.7 1,031.1 1,033.3 1,034.4 1.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,739 16,439 16,455 16,120 16,496 16,744 16,780 16,816 36

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,163.1 2,298.1 2,309.1 2,242.8 2,430.1 2,469.3 2,479.3 2,493.5 14.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 448.5 503.6 492.8 458.6 514.7 517.7 514.1 520.8 6.7

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.7 171.6 169.3 159.9 172.7 176.3 176.9 174.4 -2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Change

from:

Dec.2019 -

Jan.2020p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,556.9 1,622.9 1,647.0 1,624.3 1,742.7 1,775.3 1,788.3 1,798.3 10.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,575.6 14,141.0 14,146.2 13,876.9 14,065.9 14,274.6 14,300.4 14,322.1 21.7

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957.1 2,028.7 2,032.7 1,995.9 2,060.8 2,090.6 2,100.0 2,097.3 -2.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,618.5 12,112.3 12,113.5 11,881.0 12,005.1 12,184.0 12,200.4 12,224.8 24.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,775 5,911 5,902 5,867 5,853 5,923 5,926 5,940 14

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,317.1 1,365.4 1,357.6 1,353.4 1,333.1 1,368.7 1,364.9 1,369.0 4.1

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,490.8 1,531.2 1,534.3 1,517.1 1,514.6 1,529.3 1,534.3 1,537.7 3.4

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,966.7 3,014.0 3,009.9 2,996.0 3,005.7 3,024.5 3,027.0 3,033.2 6.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,378 23,154 23,015 22,545 22,506 22,659 22,664 22,683 19

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,796.0 2,858.0 2,859.0 2,846.0 2,811.0 2,850.0 2,848.0 2,860.0 12.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,192.6 2,243.8 2,237.8 2,244.7 2,204.4 2,243.7 2,244.1 2,255.6 11.5

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.1 614.5 620.7 601.6 606.7 605.8 603.4 604.6 1.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,075.0 5,379.0 5,297.0 5,062.0 5,170.0 5,181.0 5,178.0 5,165.0 -13.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,402.8 2,682.0 2,605.7 2,371.4 2,484.9 2,478.5 2,475.1 2,459.5 -15.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,672.0 2,696.5 2,691.3 2,690.3 2,685.0 2,702.0 2,702.6 2,705.3 2.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,507.0 14,917.0 14,859.0 14,637.0 14,525.0 14,628.0 14,638.0 14,658.0 20.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,094.0 8,375.7 8,339.8 8,149.0 7,978.3 8,031.8 8,031.1 8,036.3 5.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,413.0 6,541.5 6,518.7 6,488.2 6,547.0 6,595.9 6,607.3 6,621.8 14.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.3 34.3 34.3

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.7 40.1 40.1 40.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.4 45.7 45.7 45.6

Construction....................................................................... 39.9 39.1 39.0 39.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.4 40.4 40.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 40.9 40.9 40.9

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 39.7 39.7 39.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.0 34.1 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 39.0 38.8 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.3 30.6 30.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.2 38.3 38.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.5 42.4 42.8

Information......................................................................... 36.2 36.3 36.2 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.7 37.5 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.1 36.1 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 33.1 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 25.8 25.8 25.9

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.9 31.8 32.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Total private............................................... $27.58 $28.34 $28.37 $28.44 $951.51 $972.06 $973.09 $975.49

Goods-producing....................................... 28.55 29.34 29.43 29.46 1,161.99 1,176.53 1,180.14 1,181.35

Mining and logging.................................. 32.74 34.57 34.56 34.37 1,519.14 1,579.85 1,579.39 1,567.27

Construction.......................................... 30.32 31.09 31.14 31.19 1,209.77 1,215.62 1,214.46 1,219.53

Manufacturing........................................ 27.27 28.02 28.14 28.17 1,112.62 1,132.01 1,136.86 1,138.07

Durable goods.................................... 28.70 29.50 29.62 29.62 1,182.44 1,206.55 1,211.46 1,211.46

Nondurable goods................................ 24.79 25.46 25.58 25.66 996.56 1,010.76 1,015.53 1,018.70

Private service-providing.............................. 27.34 28.10 28.12 28.20 910.42 932.92 933.58 936.24

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.80 24.52 24.51 24.62 816.34 833.68 835.79 834.62

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.83 31.74 31.60 31.75 1,202.37 1,237.86 1,226.08 1,235.08

Retail trade........................................ 19.34 20.00 20.07 20.13 593.74 606.00 614.14 607.93

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.37 24.85 24.90 24.94 943.12 949.27 953.67 952.71

Utilities............................................. 41.37 41.89 42.13 42.16 1,749.95 1,780.33 1,786.31 1,804.45

Information........................................... 41.78 42.58 42.55 43.06 1,512.44 1,545.65 1,540.31 1,558.77

Financial activities................................... 35.39 36.40 36.53 36.70 1,334.20 1,372.28 1,369.88 1,379.92

Professional and business services.............. 33.07 34.17 34.23 34.31 1,200.44 1,233.54 1,235.70 1,238.59

Education and health services..................... 27.42 27.87 27.86 27.84 904.86 922.50 919.38 918.72

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.28 16.76 16.78 16.83 424.91 432.41 432.92 435.90

Other services....................................... 24.97 25.48 25.55 25.57 796.54 812.81 812.49 818.24

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2019 -

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2019 -

Jan.

2020p

Total private..................................... 110.5 111.2 111.3 111.5 0.2 145.8 150.7 151.0 151.6 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 97.5 96.5 96.5 96.7 0.2 125.8 128.0 128.4 128.7 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 108.8 104.0 102.4 102.2 -0.2 143.0 144.3 142.1 141.0 -0.8

Construction................................ 102.5 101.6 101.5 102.4 0.9 135.0 137.3 137.3 138.7 1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 94.1 93.5 93.5 93.4 -0.1 119.4 121.9 122.3 122.4 0.1

Durable goods........................... 93.5 92.9 92.8 92.7 -0.1 119.2 121.7 122.1 122.0 -0.1

Nondurable goods...................... 95.6 95.2 95.1 95.1 0.0 120.3 123.0 123.5 123.8 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 114.3 115.5 115.6 115.8 0.2 151.9 157.7 158.0 158.7 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.7 103.0 103.5 103.0 -0.5 133.1 136.2 136.8 136.8 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 101.1 102.0 101.6 102.0 0.4 130.4 135.4 134.3 135.5 0.9

Retail trade.............................. 97.9 96.2 97.4 96.1 -1.3 125.1 127.1 129.2 127.8 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 124.2 124.2 124.6 124.9 0.2 153.9 157.0 157.8 158.5 0.4

Utilities.................................... 101.0 100.6 100.5 101.2 0.7 138.0 139.3 139.9 141.0 0.8

Information................................. 94.0 95.3 95.3 95.4 0.1 139.8 144.4 144.4 146.3 1.3

Financial activities......................... 107.2 108.8 108.2 108.5 0.3 147.9 154.4 154.2 155.3 0.7

Professional and business services..... 120.2 121.6 121.7 121.8 0.1 161.0 168.2 168.6 169.2 0.4

Education and health services........... 128.8 132.1 131.8 132.2 0.3 169.9 177.1 176.6 177.0 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 122.8 123.3 123.5 124.3 0.6 161.4 166.7 167.2 168.7 0.9

Other services............................. 107.7 108.9 108.7 109.6 0.8 147.3 152.1 152.2 153.6 0.9

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Total nonfarm............................................. 74,673 75,896 76,016 76,125 49.7 50.0 50.0 50.0

Total private............................................ 61,689 62,804 62,921 63,016 48.3 48.6 48.7 48.7

Goods-producing.................................... 4,666 4,755 4,764 4,775 22.2 22.5 22.6 22.6

Mining and logging............................... 94 96 97 97 12.6 13.3 13.6 13.6

Construction....................................... 959 983 987 992 12.9 13.0 13.1 13.1

Manufacturing..................................... 3,613 3,676 3,680 3,686 28.2 28.6 28.6 28.7

Durable goods.................................. 1,914 1,951 1,954 1,959 23.7 24.2 24.2 24.3

Nondurable goods............................. 1,699 1,725 1,726 1,727 35.6 35.9 36.0 36.0

Private service-providing........................... 57,023 58,049 58,157 58,241 53.5 53.7 53.8 53.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,094 11,117 11,138 11,132 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0

Wholesale trade................................ 1,764.4 1,786.0 1,791.5 1,793.6 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.2

Retail trade..................................... 7,797.7 7,743.2 7,746.9 7,734.8 49.7 49.5 49.4 49.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,400.6 1,456.4 1,466.2 1,471.0 25.1 25.7 25.9 25.9

Utilities........................................... 130.8 131.8 133.2 132.4 23.7 24.1 24.3 24.2

Information......................................... 1,122 1,145 1,146 1,145 39.5 39.8 39.8 39.7

Financial activities................................ 4,914 4,979 4,992 4,984 56.6 56.6 56.7 56.6

Professional and business services............ 9,580 9,825 9,849 9,876 45.3 45.7 45.8 45.9

Education and health services.................. 18,457 18,919 18,937 18,976 77.2 77.4 77.4 77.4

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,729 8,906 8,937 8,965 52.9 53.2 53.3 53.3

Other services..................................... 3,127 3,158 3,158 3,163 53.4 53.3 53.3 53.2

Government............................................. 12,984 13,092 13,095 13,109 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Total private............................................................................... 105,168 106,156 106,264 106,441

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,132 15,114 15,105 15,123

Mining and logging.................................................................. 555 524 514 510

Construction.......................................................................... 5,579 5,612 5,617 5,654

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,998 8,978 8,974 8,959

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,561 5,536 5,534 5,522

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,437 3,442 3,440 3,437

Private service-providing.............................................................. 90,036 91,042 91,159 91,318

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,469 23,444 23,497 23,533

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,730.2 4,742.5 4,752.5 4,758.1

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,410.3 13,314.7 13,339.5 13,352.1

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,885.8 4,948.0 4,966.1 4,984.4

Utilities.............................................................................. 442.2 438.6 438.8 438.4

Information............................................................................ 2,293 2,310 2,313 2,317

Financial activities................................................................... 6,721 6,806 6,807 6,811

Professional and business services............................................... 17,215 17,429 17,434 17,453

Education and health services..................................................... 20,991 21,456 21,486 21,547

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,497 14,703 14,734 14,756

Other services........................................................................ 4,850 4,894 4,888 4,901

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.8 33.5 33.5 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.6 40.8 40.8 40.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.6 46.5 46.3 45.8

Construction....................................................................... 40.5 39.4 39.4 39.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.0 41.4 41.4 41.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.3 41.8 41.7 41.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 40.8 40.8 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.3 32.3 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.0 33.6 33.8 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.6 38.6 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.5 29.9 30.3 30.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.1 37.9 37.9 37.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.9 43.0 43.0

Information......................................................................... 35.4 35.1 35.1 35.1

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.0 36.8 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.4 35.3 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.9 24.7 24.7 24.7

Other services..................................................................... 30.9 30.8 30.8 31.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Total private............................................... $23.11 $23.81 $23.84 $23.87 $781.12 $797.64 $798.64 $802.03

Goods-producing....................................... 24.42 24.98 25.07 25.08 1,015.87 1,019.18 1,022.86 1,025.77

Mining and logging.................................. 29.00 30.55 30.63 30.22 1,351.40 1,420.58 1,418.17 1,384.08

Construction.......................................... 28.19 28.72 28.88 28.89 1,141.70 1,131.57 1,137.87 1,149.82

Manufacturing........................................ 21.84 22.39 22.44 22.45 917.28 926.95 929.02 929.43

Durable goods.................................... 22.78 23.34 23.42 23.41 963.59 975.61 976.61 976.20

Nondurable goods................................ 20.29 20.81 20.83 20.87 840.01 849.05 849.86 853.58

Private service-providing.............................. 22.83 23.57 23.58 23.61 741.98 761.31 761.63 764.96

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.21 20.88 20.85 20.92 687.14 701.57 704.73 709.19

Wholesale trade.................................. 25.52 26.33 26.15 26.24 990.18 1,016.34 1,009.39 1,015.49

Retail trade........................................ 16.23 16.86 16.90 16.91 495.02 504.11 512.07 514.06

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.04 22.48 22.52 22.69 839.72 851.99 853.51 857.68

Utilities............................................. 36.77 36.97 37.27 37.68 1,566.40 1,586.01 1,602.61 1,620.24

Information........................................... 33.10 34.43 34.41 34.46 1,171.74 1,208.49 1,207.79 1,209.55

Financial activities................................... 27.28 28.02 28.08 28.16 1,009.36 1,036.74 1,033.34 1,041.92

Professional and business services.............. 27.23 28.23 28.27 28.32 966.67 999.34 997.93 1,002.53

Education and health services..................... 24.03 24.63 24.68 24.60 773.77 793.09 794.70 792.12

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.23 14.73 14.77 14.85 354.33 363.83 364.82 366.80

Other services....................................... 21.22 21.62 21.70 21.74 655.70 665.90 668.36 673.94

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2019 -

Jan.

2020p

Jan.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019p

Jan.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2019 -

Jan.

2020p

Total private..................................... 118.5 118.5 118.6 119.2 0.5 183.0 188.6 189.0 190.1 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 96.2 94.2 94.2 94.5 0.3 143.8 144.1 144.6 145.2 0.4

Mining and logging........................ 137.4 129.5 126.5 124.1 -1.9 231.8 230.1 225.3 218.2 -3.2

Construction................................ 113.1 110.7 110.8 112.7 1.7 172.2 171.7 172.8 175.8 1.7

Manufacturing.............................. 86.8 85.3 85.3 85.1 -0.2 123.9 124.9 125.2 125.0 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 88.4 87.0 86.7 86.5 -0.2 125.7 126.7 126.8 126.5 -0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 83.8 82.7 82.7 82.8 0.1 120.2 121.7 121.7 122.2 0.4

Private service-providing.................... 124.7 125.3 125.5 126.1 0.5 195.2 202.6 202.9 204.1 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 111.6 110.2 111.1 111.6 0.5 161.2 164.4 165.5 166.8 0.8

Wholesale trade......................... 108.9 108.6 108.9 109.3 0.4 164.1 168.8 168.0 169.3 0.8

Retail trade.............................. 103.5 100.7 102.3 102.7 0.4 144.0 145.6 148.1 148.8 0.5

Transportation and warehousing...... 140.9 141.9 142.4 142.6 0.1 197.6 203.1 204.2 205.9 0.8

Utilities.................................... 96.3 96.2 96.5 96.4 -0.1 147.9 148.5 150.1 151.6 1.0

Information................................. 92.6 92.5 92.7 92.8 0.1 151.8 157.7 157.8 158.4 0.4

Financial activities......................... 117.0 118.5 117.9 118.6 0.6 196.4 204.3 203.7 205.5 0.9

Professional and business services..... 136.6 138.0 137.6 138.1 0.4 221.3 231.6 231.3 232.6 0.6

Education and health services........... 144.1 147.3 147.5 147.9 0.3 228.6 239.5 240.3 240.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 132.2 133.0 133.3 133.5 0.2 213.7 222.5 223.6 225.1 0.7

Other services............................. 105.1 105.7 105.6 106.6 0.9 162.5 166.5 166.9 168.8 1.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.