For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Monday, December 10, 2018 USDL-18-1936

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2018

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.1 million on the last business day of October, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires edged up to 5.9 million, and 

separations were little changed at 5.6 million. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed at 2.3

percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent. This release includes estimates 

of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 

four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of October, the job openings level was little changed at 7.1 million. The job 

openings rate was 4.5 percent in October. The number of job openings was little changed for total 

private and for government. Job openings increased in information (+45,000), real estate and rental and 

leasing (+38,000), educational services (+20,000), and state and local government education (+17,000).

The number of job openings decreased in state and local government, excluding education (-38,000) and 

transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-33,000). Job openings were little changed in all four regions. 

(See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged up to 5.9 million (+196,000) in October, nearly matching its series high in

August. The hires rate was 3.9 percent in October. The number of hires was little changed for total 

private and for government. Hires increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+90,000) and 
- 2 -

durable goods manufacturing (+43,000), but decreased in mining and logging (-11,000). The number of 

hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.6 million in October. The total separations rate 

was 3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

Total separations increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+37,000). The number of total 

separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in October at 3.5 million. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and unchanged for government. Quits increased in 

health care and social assistance (+33,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+30,000), and 

educational services (+12,000). The number of quits decreased in other services (-39,000). Quits

decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in October at 1.7 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 

private and for government. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all industries 

and regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in October at 351,000. The other separations level 

was little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in construction

(+18,000). The number of other separations decreased in a number of industries, with the largest 

decreases in health care and social assistance (-17,000) and arts, entertainment, and recreation 

(-6,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in October, hires totaled 67.8 million and 

separations totaled 65.3 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for November 2018 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, January 8, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,059 6,960 7,079 5,600 5,696 5,892 5,272 5,641 5,556

Total private....................................... 5,515 6,340 6,489 5,267 5,358 5,537 4,929 5,306 5,210

Mining and logging1............................ 28 34 29 32 44 33 31 34 29

Construction1................................... 233 272 292 372 369 349 344 343 315

Manufacturing.................................. 410 485 522 343 322 384 314 315 345

Durable goods1.............................. 248 307 332 195 184 227 177 179 200

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 162 178 189 148 138 157 137 136 145

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,031 1,282 1,280 1,059 1,167 1,273 1,014 1,192 1,183

Wholesale trade1............................ 152 230 231 156 137 170 138 137 146

Retail trade................................... 655 772 802 693 806 790 691 848 792

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 223 280 247 210 224 314 185 207 244

Information1

..................................... 96 104 149 82 78 80 81 81 68

Financial activities.............................. 365 345 375 235 225 190 219 209 183

Finance and insurance..................... 254 264 256 158 148 122 152 143 120

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 111 81 119 77 77 68 67 66 62

Professional and business services......... 1,084 1,248 1,227 1,141 1,180 1,184 1,077 1,161 1,131

Education and health services............... 1,127 1,278 1,297 679 692 721 669 646 659

Educational services1

....................... 93 83 103 86 92 97 102 89 89

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,034 1,195 1,194 593 601 625 567 557 570

Leisure and hospitality........................ 850 1,058 1,044 1,074 1,079 1,103 968 1,097 1,090

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 82 95 76 180 171 176 155 164 170

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 768 963 968 894 908 927 812 933 920

Other services1

................................. 292 234 273 249 201 219 212 228 207

Government....................................... 544 620 590 333 338 355 342 335 347

Federal1

......................................... 87 89 80 41 38 35 42 34 31

State and local................................. 457 531 510 292 300 320 301 301 316

State and local education.................. 156 200 217 153 159 165 158 157 169

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 301 331 293 139 141 155 142 144 147

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.0 4.4 4.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.7

Total private....................................... 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.9 4.3 3.6 4.7 5.9 4.4 4.4 4.5 3.8

Construction1

................................... 3.2 3.6 3.8 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.3

Manufacturing.................................. 3.2 3.7 3.9 2.7 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.7

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.1 3.7 4.0 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.5

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.6 4.4 4.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 3.7 4.3 4.2

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.5 3.7 3.7 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.4

Retail trade................................... 4.0 4.6 4.8 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.4 5.3 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.7 4.5 4.0 3.6 3.8 5.3 3.2 3.5 4.1

Information1

..................................... 3.3 3.6 5.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.4

Financial activities.............................. 4.1 3.9 4.2 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.1

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 4.0 3.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 4.8 3.4 5.0 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7

Professional and business services......... 5.0 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.4

Education and health services............... 4.6 5.1 5.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.8

Educational services1

....................... 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.0 5.6 5.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.0 6.1 6.0 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.0 6.7 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.4 3.9 3.1 7.7 7.2 7.4 6.6 7.0 7.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.6 5.9 6.7 6.6

Other services1

................................. 4.8 3.8 4.4 4.3 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Government....................................... 2.4 2.7 2.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 3.0 3.1 2.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1

State and local................................. 2.3 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.2 3.5 3.1 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, and federal government data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total............................................... 6,059 6,822 7,077 7,293 6,960 7,079 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,515 6,183 6,384 6,595 6,340 6,489 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8

Mining and logging3....................... 28 27 33 36 34 29 3.9 3.5 4.3 4.6 4.3 3.6

Construction3

............................... 233 267 275 317 272 292 3.2 3.6 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.8

Manufacturing.............................. 410 475 496 508 485 522 3.2 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9

Durable goods3

.......................... 248 293 289 304 307 332 3.1 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.0

Nondurable goods3

...................... 162 182 207 204 178 189 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,031 1,348 1,333 1,267 1,282 1,280 3.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 152 222 261 221 230 231 2.5 3.6 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.7

Retail trade............................... 655 842 773 760 772 802 4.0 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 223 285 300 287 280 247 3.7 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.0

Information3................................. 96 136 146 149 104 149 3.3 4.7 5.0 5.1 3.6 5.1

Financial activities......................... 365 352 396 450 345 375 4.1 3.9 4.4 5.0 3.9 4.2

Finance and insurance................. 254 244 309 354 264 256 3.9 3.7 4.6 5.3 4.0 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 111 108 88 96 81 119 4.8 4.6 3.8 4.1 3.4 5.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,084 1,155 1,244 1,374 1,248 1,227 5.0 5.2 5.6 6.1 5.6 5.5

Education and health services........... 1,127 1,295 1,247 1,275 1,278 1,297 4.6 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.2

Educational services3

................... 93 147 120 123 83 103 2.5 3.8 3.1 3.2 2.2 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,034 1,148 1,127 1,152 1,195 1,194 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 850 931 993 996 1,058 1,044 5.0 5.4 5.7 5.7 6.1 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 82 86 93 94 95 76 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 768 845 900 901 963 968 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.5

Other services3

............................. 292 198 220 223 234 273 4.8 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.4

Government................................... 544 639 693 698 620 590 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.6

Federal3

..................................... 87 115 96 108 89 80 3.0 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.1 2.8

State and local............................. 457 524 597 591 531 510 2.3 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.5

State and local education.............. 156 194 213 206 200 217 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 301 330 383 384 331 293 3.2 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.1

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,018 1,174 1,201 1,177 1,191 1,177 3.6 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1

South........................................... 2,089 2,429 2,565 2,765 2,506 2,539 3.7 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,536 1,672 1,707 1,707 1,657 1,729 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0

West............................................ 1,417 1,547 1,604 1,644 1,605 1,634 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,600 5,677 5,713 5,906 5,696 5,892 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,267 5,328 5,366 5,551 5,358 5,537 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.3

Mining and logging......................... 32 41 38 43 44 33 4.7 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.9 4.4

Construction................................ 372 360 373 366 369 349 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 343 360 392 368 322 384 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.5 3.0

Durable goods........................... 195 207 231 205 184 227 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.8

Nondurable goods....................... 148 153 161 163 138 157 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,059 1,120 1,142 1,218 1,167 1,273 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.6

Wholesale trade......................... 156 135 134 164 137 170 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.8

Retail trade............................... 693 755 790 818 806 790 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 210 230 218 236 224 314 3.6 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.8 5.3

Information.................................. 82 78 76 77 78 80 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9

Financial activities......................... 235 247 215 221 225 190 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 158 169 136 141 148 122 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 77 79 79 80 77 68 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,141 1,160 1,180 1,253 1,180 1,184 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.6

Education and health services........... 679 712 701 715 692 721 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

Educational services.................... 86 91 104 92 92 97 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 593 620 598 623 601 625 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,074 1,047 1,065 1,059 1,079 1,103 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 180 166 146 173 171 176 7.7 7.1 6.2 7.4 7.2 7.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 894 881 918 886 908 927 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.6

Other services.............................. 249 202 184 231 201 219 4.3 3.4 3.1 3.9 3.4 3.7

Government................................... 333 349 347 355 338 355 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 41 30 33 32 38 35 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3

State and local............................. 292 320 314 322 300 320 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 153 165 157 173 159 165 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 139 155 157 149 141 155 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 930 898 936 880 803 830 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.0

South........................................... 2,279 2,286 2,305 2,400 2,388 2,501 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.6

Midwest........................................ 1,151 1,245 1,271 1,296 1,309 1,273 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8

West............................................ 1,240 1,249 1,201 1,330 1,196 1,288 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,272 5,514 5,596 5,779 5,641 5,556 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,929 5,172 5,242 5,422 5,306 5,210 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 31 34 33 35 34 29 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 3.8

Construction................................ 344 350 337 334 343 315 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.3

Manufacturing.............................. 314 337 358 343 315 345 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7

Durable goods........................... 177 180 195 188 179 200 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 137 156 162 154 136 145 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.8 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,014 1,116 1,130 1,206 1,192 1,183 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 138 131 125 151 137 146 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4

Retail trade............................... 691 778 806 837 848 792 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 185 207 200 218 207 244 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.5 4.1

Information.................................. 81 81 79 83 81 68 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.4

Financial activities......................... 219 234 225 231 209 183 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 152 154 145 143 143 120 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 67 79 80 88 66 62 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.9 2.9 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,077 1,132 1,118 1,194 1,161 1,131 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.4

Education and health services........... 669 665 664 665 646 659 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8

Educational services.................... 102 71 97 88 89 89 2.8 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 567 594 566 577 557 570 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 968 1,018 1,058 1,072 1,097 1,090 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 155 173 138 177 164 170 6.6 7.4 5.9 7.5 7.0 7.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 812 845 920 895 933 920 5.9 6.0 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.6

Other services.............................. 212 207 240 260 228 207 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.4 3.9 3.5

Government................................... 342 341 354 357 335 347 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 42 32 34 33 34 31 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

State and local............................. 301 309 320 324 301 316 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 158 153 160 172 157 169 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 142 156 160 152 144 147 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 815 857 773 856 841 764 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.1 2.8

South........................................... 2,156 2,189 2,311 2,356 2,378 2,287 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,137 1,236 1,257 1,257 1,255 1,300 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9

West............................................ 1,165 1,232 1,256 1,310 1,167 1,205 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total............................................... 3,224 3,477 3,608 3,648 3,564 3,514 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,059 3,285 3,422 3,480 3,391 3,340 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging......................... 19 21 21 21 21 19 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6

Construction................................ 164 164 178 165 164 154 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 195 206 217 212 198 201 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

Durable goods........................... 109 113 120 119 108 109 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 86 93 96 93 90 92 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 666 751 730 759 761 745 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7

Wholesale trade......................... 98 79 78 108 85 86 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.4

Retail trade............................... 464 550 535 529 569 523 2.9 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 104 122 117 122 106 136 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.3

Information.................................. 44 51 49 49 47 48 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7

Financial activities......................... 122 129 141 155 126 112 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.3

Finance and insurance................. 79 78 77 89 75 64 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 44 52 64 66 50 48 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.2 2.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 641 723 709 696 704 682 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2

Education and health services........... 453 440 449 469 431 476 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0

Educational services.................... 50 34 45 35 47 59 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 403 407 404 434 384 417 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 646 705 765 777 780 782 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 63 77 76 84 85 90 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 583 629 689 693 695 692 4.2 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9

Other services3

............................. 109 95 163 177 159 120 1.9 1.6 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.0

Government................................... 166 192 187 168 174 174 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 16 14 14 13 16 16 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 150 178 172 155 158 158 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 80 92 91 85 83 84 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 70 86 82 70 75 74 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 444 460 442 448 459 404 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

South........................................... 1,401 1,432 1,504 1,500 1,533 1,511 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8

Midwest........................................ 670 819 824 856 799 789 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4

West............................................ 709 766 838 845 773 809 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total............................................... 1,711 1,652 1,622 1,790 1,707 1,691 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,595 1,568 1,520 1,666 1,609 1,579 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging3....................... 10 11 11 13 11 9 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.1

Construction................................ 160 176 151 159 169 133 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 1.8

Manufacturing.............................. 100 111 120 112 95 124 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0

Durable goods........................... 57 55 60 60 59 77 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0

Nondurable goods....................... 43 56 60 52 36 47 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 274 290 329 384 374 380 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 34 37 34 38 44 49 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8

Retail trade............................... 174 184 230 264 242 233 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 66 70 66 82 89 98 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.6

Information.................................. 33 22 24 27 28 16 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.6

Financial activities......................... 76 68 57 55 59 47 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5

Finance and insurance................. 54 44 43 40 44 33 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 22 23 15 15 14 14 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 376 341 326 443 376 376 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.8

Education and health services........... 170 172 167 141 154 145 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

Educational services.................... 45 29 42 45 33 26 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 125 143 125 96 121 119 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 295 283 263 265 278 276 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 90 94 60 87 72 78 3.8 4.0 2.6 3.7 3.0 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 205 189 202 177 206 198 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4

Other services.............................. 99 94 72 67 65 74 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3

Government................................... 116 84 102 125 98 112 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5

Federal...................................... 12 6 7 7 6 6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local............................. 104 78 95 118 92 106 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5

State and local education.............. 53 34 44 60 51 58 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 51 44 51 57 41 48 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 306 316 277 322 308 297 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1

South........................................... 632 632 685 731 714 655 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

Midwest........................................ 397 334 347 348 375 430 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3

West............................................ 377 369 314 389 311 309 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total............................................... 336 384 365 341 369 351 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 276 319 300 277 307 291 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 2 1 1 1 1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Construction3

............................... 21 10 8 10 10 28 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 19 20 22 19 22 19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 11 13 15 9 12 14 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 8 7 7 10 10 5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 74 75 71 64 57 58 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 6 15 14 6 7 11 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Retail trade............................... 53 44 41 44 37 37 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 15 15 17 14 12 10 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information3................................. 3 8 5 7 6 4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Financial activities......................... 21 37 27 21 25 24 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 19 33 25 14 23 23 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 1 4 1 7 2 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 59 69 84 54 80 73 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services........... 47 52 48 54 60 38 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services3

................... 8 8 10 8 8 3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 39 44 38 47 52 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 26 29 30 31 40 31 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 3 1 5 8 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 24 27 28 25 32 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 4 18 5 16 5 13 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2

Government................................... 61 65 65 64 63 60 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 14 12 13 13 12 9 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3

State and local............................. 47 53 53 51 51 52 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 25 27 25 26 24 27 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 22 26 27 25 27 25 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 64 80 54 86 74 63 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 123 124 122 125 131 120 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 70 83 86 53 81 82 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 79 97 103 77 83 87 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 6,304 7,027 7,320 4.1 4.5 4.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,768 6,409 6,732 4.4 4.8 5.0

Mining and logging............................................... 28 34 29 3.9 4.2 3.6

Construction....................................................... 233 272 292 3.1 3.5 3.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 410 485 522 3.2 3.7 3.9

Durable goods.................................................. 248 307 332 3.1 3.7 4.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 162 178 189 3.3 3.6 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,115 1,391 1,362 3.9 4.8 4.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 152 230 231 2.5 3.7 3.7

Retail trade..................................................... 740 881 884 4.5 5.3 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 223 280 247 3.7 4.5 4.0

Information........................................................ 96 104 149 3.3 3.6 5.1

Financial activities................................................ 378 339 378 4.3 3.8 4.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 267 259 259 4.1 3.9 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 111 81 119 4.8 3.4 5.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,163 1,279 1,291 5.3 5.7 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 1,188 1,246 1,365 4.8 5.0 5.4

Educational services.......................................... 93 83 103 2.4 2.2 2.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,095 1,162 1,261 5.3 5.5 5.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 865 1,026 1,071 5.1 5.8 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 83 83 75 3.5 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 783 943 996 5.4 6.3 6.6

Other services.................................................... 292 234 273 4.8 3.8 4.4

Government.......................................................... 537 618 588 2.3 2.7 2.5

Federal............................................................. 87 89 80 3.0 3.1 2.8

State and local.................................................... 450 529 508 2.2 2.6 2.5

State and local education..................................... 149 197 215 1.4 1.9 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 301 331 293 3.2 3.5 3.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,070 1,233 1,221 3.8 4.3 4.2

South................................................................. 2,153 2,499 2,588 3.8 4.4 4.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,595 1,688 1,796 4.6 4.9 5.1

West.................................................................. 1,487 1,607 1,715 4.2 4.5 4.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,966 5,751 6,338 4.0 3.8 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,650 5,324 5,988 4.5 4.2 4.7

Mining and logging............................................... 36 43 36 5.2 5.7 4.7

Construction....................................................... 378 349 352 5.3 4.7 4.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 350 330 392 2.8 2.6 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 188 185 219 2.4 2.3 2.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 162 144 173 3.4 3.0 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,300 1,174 1,541 4.7 4.2 5.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 165 136 186 2.8 2.3 3.1

Retail trade..................................................... 891 799 1,009 5.6 5.1 6.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 243 239 347 4.2 4.0 5.8

Information........................................................ 96 75 94 3.4 2.7 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 250 211 200 2.9 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 165 141 126 2.6 2.2 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 84 71 74 3.8 3.1 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,204 1,156 1,246 5.8 5.5 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 753 750 811 3.2 3.2 3.4

Educational services.......................................... 82 152 91 2.1 4.1 2.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 671 598 720 3.4 3.0 3.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,046 1,045 1,106 6.5 6.3 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 161 143 162 7.0 5.9 6.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 885 902 944 6.4 6.4 6.7

Other services.................................................... 238 191 211 4.1 3.3 3.6

Government.......................................................... 316 427 350 1.4 1.9 1.5

Federal............................................................. 39 37 37 1.4 1.3 1.3

State and local.................................................... 277 390 313 1.4 2.0 1.6

State and local education..................................... 153 266 173 1.4 2.5 1.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 124 124 139 1.4 1.4 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 980 888 868 3.6 3.2 3.1

South................................................................. 2,412 2,344 2,694 4.5 4.3 4.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,221 1,306 1,352 3.7 3.9 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,354 1,213 1,423 4.0 3.5 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,394 6,005 5,634 3.6 4.0 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,107 5,631 5,343 4.1 4.4 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 34 37 30 4.8 4.9 4.0

Construction....................................................... 379 356 333 5.3 4.8 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 326 330 355 2.6 2.6 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 177 186 198 2.3 2.3 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 150 144 157 3.2 3.0 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 992 1,157 1,156 3.6 4.2 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 151 137 159 2.5 2.3 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 665 835 755 4.2 5.3 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 176 186 242 3.0 3.1 4.0

Information........................................................ 80 85 66 2.9 3.1 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 225 205 181 2.6 2.4 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 153 140 116 2.4 2.2 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 71 65 64 3.2 2.8 2.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,090 1,190 1,129 5.2 5.6 5.3

Education and health services.................................. 657 661 657 2.8 2.8 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 74 92 66 1.9 2.5 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 583 569 591 3.0 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,104 1,360 1,216 6.9 8.2 7.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 220 276 228 9.6 11.4 9.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 884 1,084 988 6.4 7.7 7.0

Other services.................................................... 221 250 220 3.8 4.3 3.7

Government.......................................................... 288 375 291 1.3 1.7 1.3

Federal............................................................. 43 38 35 1.5 1.3 1.2

State and local.................................................... 244 337 256 1.2 1.7 1.3

State and local education..................................... 95 131 104 0.9 1.3 1.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 149 206 152 1.6 2.2 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 802 1,011 728 2.9 3.7 2.6

South................................................................. 2,217 2,455 2,338 4.1 4.5 4.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,166 1,328 1,335 3.6 4.0 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,211 1,211 1,233 3.6 3.5 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 3,334 3,784 3,604 2.2 2.5 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,192 3,605 3,458 2.5 2.8 2.7

Mining and logging............................................... 22 24 21 3.1 3.2 2.7

Construction....................................................... 181 173 163 2.5 2.3 2.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 204 206 209 1.6 1.6 1.6

Durable goods.................................................. 113 115 111 1.5 1.4 1.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 91 91 98 1.9 1.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 701 793 791 2.5 2.9 2.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 111 87 101 1.9 1.4 1.7

Retail trade..................................................... 476 599 535 3.0 3.8 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 114 107 155 2.0 1.8 2.6

Information........................................................ 43 50 47 1.6 1.8 1.7

Financial activities................................................ 126 128 114 1.5 1.5 1.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 83 77 66 1.3 1.2 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 44 50 48 2.0 2.2 2.1

Professional and business services............................ 676 732 701 3.2 3.5 3.3

Education and health services.................................. 460 450 488 2.0 1.9 2.0

Educational services.......................................... 40 57 48 1.0 1.5 1.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 420 393 440 2.1 2.0 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 670 890 805 4.2 5.4 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 65 113 96 2.8 4.7 4.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 606 777 709 4.4 5.5 5.1

Other services.................................................... 109 159 120 1.9 2.7 2.0

Government.......................................................... 141 179 146 0.6 0.8 0.6

Federal............................................................. 16 17 17 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local.................................................... 125 162 129 0.6 0.8 0.6

State and local education..................................... 57 73 58 0.5 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 69 88 71 0.8 1.0 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 446 528 389 1.6 1.9 1.4

South................................................................. 1,443 1,586 1,558 2.7 2.9 2.8

Midwest............................................................... 700 868 816 2.1 2.6 2.4

West.................................................................. 744 801 842 2.2 2.3 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 1,748 1,863 1,703 1.2 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,647 1,727 1,602 1.3 1.4 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 10 11 9 1.5 1.5 1.1

Construction....................................................... 177 173 142 2.5 2.3 1.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 104 104 127 0.8 0.8 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 53 61 74 0.7 0.8 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 51 43 54 1.1 0.9 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 227 312 318 0.8 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 34 44 49 0.6 0.7 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 146 201 192 0.9 1.3 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 48 67 77 0.8 1.1 1.3

Information........................................................ 33 29 14 1.2 1.0 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 79 54 44 0.9 0.6 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 53 41 29 0.8 0.6 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 26 13 16 1.2 0.6 0.7

Professional and business services............................ 351 377 351 1.7 1.8 1.6

Education and health services.................................. 150 151 131 0.6 0.6 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 26 27 15 0.7 0.7 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 124 124 116 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 407 430 379 2.5 2.6 2.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 153 156 130 6.7 6.4 5.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 255 275 249 1.8 1.9 1.8

Other services.................................................... 108 86 87 1.9 1.5 1.5

Government.......................................................... 101 136 101 0.4 0.6 0.4

Federal............................................................. 14 8 9 0.5 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 87 129 92 0.4 0.7 0.5

State and local education..................................... 26 39 32 0.2 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 61 90 60 0.7 1.0 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 290 403 278 1.1 1.5 1.0

South................................................................. 660 746 668 1.2 1.4 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 406 382 447 1.2 1.2 1.3

West.................................................................. 393 331 311 1.2 1.0 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 313 359 326 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 267 299 282 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Construction....................................................... 21 10 28 0.3 0.1 0.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 19 20 19 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 11 11 14 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 10 5 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 64 52 48 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 6 6 10 0.1 0.1 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 43 34 28 0.3 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 12 10 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 3 6 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 19 23 22 0.2 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 18 21 21 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 1 2 1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Professional and business services............................ 63 81 77 0.3 0.4 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 47 60 38 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 8 8 3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 39 52 35 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 26 40 31 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 8 2 0.1 0.3 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 24 32 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 4 5 13 0.1 0.1 0.2

Government.......................................................... 46 60 44 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 14 13 9 0.5 0.5 0.3

State and local.................................................... 32 47 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 13 19 14 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 19 28 21 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 66 80 62 0.2 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 114 122 112 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 59 78 72 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 74 79 80 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.