For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 11, 2013 USDL-13-1139 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2013

There were 3.8 million job openings on the last business day of April, little changed from 3.9 million in 

March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.3 percent) and separations 

rate (3.2 percent) also were little changed in April. This release includes estimates of the number and 

rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings in April was 3.8 million, little changed from March. (See table 1.) In April, 

the number of job openings was little changed in all industries and regions. 

The number of job openings in April (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the year for total nonfarm

and government and was little changed for total private. Job openings increased over the year for several

industries and state and local government. Job openings decreased over the year for information; arts, 

entertainment, and recreation; and federal government. Job openings were up over the year for the West 

and little changed in the other regions. (See table 7.) 

Hires

In April, the hires rate was little changed at 3.3 percent. The hires rate was little changed in all industries 

and regions over the month. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in April, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. The hires rate also was little changed for all industries and all 

four regions over the year. (See table 8.)

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

May 2010 - April 2013

2013 2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

May 2010 - April 2013

2013
- 2 - 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations also is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In April, the quits rate was little changed at 1.7 percent. The quits rate was up for total private and little 

changed for government. The quits rate increased for professional and business services. The quits rate

was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) was up over the 12 months ending in April for total 

nonfarm and total private but was little changed for government. The quits level increased for 

professional and business services and for the Midwest and South. (See table 10.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges rate was 

unchanged in April at 1.2 percent. The rate also was unchanged for total private and government and 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.) 

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total 

private, and government over the 12 months ending in April. Over the year, the number of layoffs and 

discharges fell in other services and rose in federal government. The number of layoffs and discharges 

was little changed in all four regions. (See table 11.) 

In April, there were 375,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from the previous month. 

The number of other separations for total private and government was little changed. (See table 6.) Over 

the 12 months ending in April, the number of other separations rose for total nonfarm and total private 

and was little changed for government. (See table 12.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April 2013, hires totaled 52.0 million 

and separations totaled 50.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. These figures 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for May 2013 are scheduled to be released

on Tuesday, July 9, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Changes to Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release Tables 

Effective with this release, the format of the tables in the JOLTS release have changed slightly 

and Table A has been moved to the end of the text. The content of the tables remains the same. 
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total.................................................... 3,523 3,875 3,757 4,252 4,227 4,425 4,122 4,123 4,279

Total private1....................................... 3,163 3,473 3,355 3,962 3,931 4,133 3,813 3,819 3,973

Construction...................................... 67 108 108 262 320 285 277 316 300

Manufacturing.................................... 254 271 245 252 201 224 238 203 218

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 552 669 711 862 821 898 827 820 867

Retail trade..................................... 321 424 449 575 562 628 557 557 615

Professional and business services........... 668 692 692 859 831 937 806 780 869

Education and health services3

............... 674 687 652 485 520 541 459 482 531

Health care and social assistance.......... 620 621 590 416 443 463 394 416 456

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 452 500 465 766 776 797 730 738 738

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 77 64 56 143 123 120 152 108 115

Accommodation and food services......... 375 436 408 623 653 678 578 631 624

Government4....................................... 360 402 402 290 295 292 309 304 305

State and local................................... 283 344 341 256 264 257 276 260 261

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total.................................................... 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.2

Total private1

....................................... 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5

Construction...................................... 1.2 1.8 1.8 4.7 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.4 5.2

Manufacturing.................................... 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 2.1 2.5 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4

Retail trade..................................... 2.1 2.7 2.9 3.9 3.7 4.2 3.8 3.7 4.1

Professional and business services........... 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.8 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.2 4.7

Education and health services3............... 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance.......... 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 3.2 3.4 3.2 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 3.8 3.1 2.7 7.3 6.1 6.0 7.7 5.4 5.7

Accommodation and food services......... 3.1 3.5 3.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 4.9 5.2 5.2

Government4

....................................... 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

State and local................................... 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total............................................. 3,523 3,612 3,611 3,899 3,875 3,757 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,163 3,235 3,194 3,478 3,473 3,355 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.9

Construction............................... 67 95 104 116 108 108 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8

Manufacturing............................. 254 242 253 274 271 245 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 552 704 645 644 669 711 2.1 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7

Retail trade.............................. 321 436 390 396 424 449 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9

Professional and business services. . .. 668 575 690 709 692 692 3.6 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 674 670 579 672 687 652 3.2 3.2 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.1

Health care and social assistance. .. 620 602 524 612 621 590 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 452 453 453 488 500 465 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 77 59 52 52 64 56 3.8 2.9 2.6 2.5 3.1 2.7

Accommodation and food services... 375 394 401 437 436 408 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3

Government7

................................ 360 377 417 421 402 402 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8

State and local............................ 283 313 340 357 344 341 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 681 661 668 700 699 643 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4

South.......................................... 1,405 1,364 1,441 1,547 1,501 1,466 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.9

Midwest....................................... 704 838 723 831 825 781 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.5

West........................................... 733 749 778 821 850 867 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,252 4,195 4,298 4,451 4,227 4,425 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,962 3,915 4,015 4,138 3,931 4,133 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6

Construction............................... 262 280 326 353 320 285 4.7 4.9 5.7 6.1 5.5 4.9

Manufacturing............................. 252 236 219 231 201 224 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 862 890 868 936 821 898 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.5

Retail trade.............................. 575 600 586 651 562 628 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.3 3.7 4.2

Professional and business services. . .. 859 798 878 845 831 937 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.5 5.1

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 485 506 507 499 520 541 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance. .. 416 431 443 437 443 463 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 766 759 747 762 776 797 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 143 130 104 116 123 120 7.3 6.5 5.2 5.8 6.1 6.0

Accommodation and food services... 623 629 643 646 653 678 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.6

Government7

................................ 290 280 283 313 295 292 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local............................ 256 246 249 266 264 257 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 676 687 675 716 722 751 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9

South.......................................... 1,677 1,660 1,787 1,843 1,640 1,782 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.6

Midwest....................................... 940 924 906 848 907 931 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0

West........................................... 958 924 930 1,044 959 962 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,122 4,062 4,173 4,180 4,123 4,279 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,813 3,772 3,872 3,884 3,819 3,973 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5

Construction............................... 277 263 315 322 316 300 4.9 4.6 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.2

Manufacturing............................. 238 231 215 225 203 218 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 827 840 854 863 820 867 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4

Retail trade.............................. 557 595 580 583 557 615 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.1

Professional and business services. . .. 806 813 845 770 780 869 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.7

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 459 468 486 482 482 531 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance. .. 394 402 417 413 416 456 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 730 729 715 730 738 738 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 152 125 101 103 108 115 7.7 6.3 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.7

Accommodation and food services... 578 604 614 627 631 624 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2

Government7

................................ 309 290 302 296 304 305 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

State and local............................ 276 251 259 251 260 261 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 686 663 724 682 711 694 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7

South.......................................... 1,581 1,609 1,587 1,712 1,599 1,670 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.4

Midwest....................................... 961 894 849 874 880 932 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0

West........................................... 894 895 1,013 911 933 983 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.3

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total.............................................. 2,080 2,126 2,260 2,286 2,099 2,251 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 1,940 1,999 2,128 2,159 1,967 2,104 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9

Construction............................... 75 68 134 106 91 95 1.3 1.2 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.6

Manufacturing............................. 114 116 98 102 94 106 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 455 452 491 501 446 483 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9

Retail trade.............................. 332 328 362 354 318 350 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.3

Professional and business services. . .. 383 413 375 385 372 465 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.5

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 258 273 299 289 281 286 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. .. 229 248 264 255 255 251 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 433 451 472 491 445 443 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 43 38 47 54 47 42 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.1

Accommodation and food services... 390 413 426 437 397 401 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.3

Government7

................................ 141 127 132 127 131 146 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

State and local............................ 129 115 121 116 120 134 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 299 315 352 311 288 309 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2

South.......................................... 865 892 908 1,034 894 947 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9

Midwest....................................... 474 454 479 469 473 534 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7

West........................................... 442 465 522 472 444 461 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total.............................................. 1,752 1,569 1,520 1,572 1,686 1,653 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 1,644 1,479 1,430 1,467 1,572 1,554 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 108 89 90 104 114 99 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 335 284 284 300 358 319 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2

South.......................................... 630 557 532 561 584 594 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

Midwest....................................... 409 357 298 334 329 311 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

West........................................... 378 370 406 376 415 429 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total.............................................. 289 367 393 323 338 375 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 229 293 314 258 280 315 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 60 74 79 66 58 60 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

South.......................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

West........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 3,831 3,912 4,076 2.8 2.8 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 3,462 3,513 3,663 3.0 3.0 3.1

Mining and logging................................................ 16 14 24 1.9 1.6 2.7

Construction........................................................ 86 109 139 1.6 2.0 2.4

Manufacturing...................................................... 268 281 255 2.2 2.3 2.1

Durable goods................................................... 165 198 168 2.2 2.6 2.2

Nondurable goods.............................................. 103 83 86 2.3 1.9 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 576 644 752 2.2 2.5 2.8

Wholesale trade................................................. 136 134 134 2.3 2.3 2.3

Retail trade....................................................... 334 396 476 2.2 2.6 3.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 107 115 141 2.1 2.3 2.8

Information.......................................................... 111 88 75 4.0 3.2 2.7

Financial activities................................................. 242 273 300 3.0 3.4 3.7

Finance and insurance......................................... 195 228 241 3.2 3.7 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 47 45 59 2.4 2.2 2.9

Professional and business services............................. 692 689 721 3.7 3.7 3.8

Education and health services................................... 712 695 689 3.4 3.2 3.2

Educational services............................................ 62 64 69 1.7 1.8 1.9

Health care and social assistance............................ 650 631 620 3.7 3.5 3.5

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 554 553 565 3.9 3.9 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 97 67 73 4.8 3.5 3.6

Accommodation and food services........................... 457 486 492 3.8 4.0 3.9

Other services...................................................... 204 166 146 3.6 3.0 2.6

Government........................................................... 369 398 412 1.6 1.8 1.8

Federal.............................................................. 82 65 64 2.8 2.3 2.3

State and local..................................................... 286 334 348 1.4 1.7 1.8

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 746 697 698 2.9 2.7 2.6

South................................................................... 1,509 1,531 1,574 3.0 3.0 3.1

Midwest................................................................ 790 851 866 2.5 2.7 2.7

West.................................................................... 785 833 938 2.6 2.7 3.1

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 4,554 3,991 4,773 3.4 3.0 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 4,347 3,780 4,556 3.9 3.4 4.0

Mining and logging................................................ 35 32 33 4.1 3.7 3.8

Construction........................................................ 351 343 366 6.4 6.2 6.5

Manufacturing...................................................... 268 201 240 2.3 1.7 2.0

Durable goods................................................... 168 125 160 2.3 1.7 2.1

Nondurable goods.............................................. 99 76 80 2.3 1.7 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 906 779 947 3.6 3.1 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................. 153 115 138 2.7 2.0 2.4

Retail trade....................................................... 599 540 666 4.1 3.6 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 154 124 143 3.2 2.5 2.9

Information.......................................................... 60 40 69 2.3 1.5 2.6

Financial activities................................................. 186 156 200 2.4 2.0 2.5

Finance and insurance......................................... 119 102 141 2.0 1.7 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 67 54 59 3.5 2.8 3.0

Professional and business services............................. 953 786 1,049 5.4 4.3 5.7

Education and health services................................... 456 453 523 2.2 2.2 2.5

Educational services............................................ 44 50 52 1.3 1.4 1.5

Health care and social assistance............................ 412 403 470 2.4 2.3 2.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 901 809 950 6.6 5.9 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 189 128 161 9.9 6.9 8.2

Accommodation and food services........................... 712 680 789 6.1 5.8 6.6

Other services...................................................... 230 182 179 4.3 3.4 3.3

Government........................................................... 208 211 217 0.9 0.9 1.0

Federal.............................................................. 29 28 31 1.0 1.0 1.1

State and local..................................................... 179 183 186 0.9 0.9 1.0

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 716 665 807 2.8 2.6 3.1

South................................................................... 1,805 1,580 1,924 3.7 3.2 3.9

Midwest................................................................ 1,047 870 1,054 3.5 2.8 3.4

West.................................................................... 987 877 989 3.4 3.0 3.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 3,994 3,506 4,161 3.0 2.6 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 3,782 3,306 3,943 3.4 2.9 3.5

Mining and logging................................................ 31 30 31 3.6 3.5 3.6

Construction........................................................ 264 276 285 4.8 5.0 5.1

Manufacturing...................................................... 242 185 224 2.0 1.6 1.9

Durable goods................................................... 143 114 144 1.9 1.5 1.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 99 72 81 2.2 1.6 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 769 710 809 3.0 2.8 3.2

Wholesale trade................................................. 104 106 101 1.9 1.9 1.8

Retail trade....................................................... 514 475 577 3.5 3.2 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 151 129 131 3.1 2.6 2.6

Information.......................................................... 57 44 71 2.1 1.6 2.7

Financial activities................................................. 182 158 194 2.4 2.0 2.5

Finance and insurance......................................... 126 112 143 2.2 1.9 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 56 46 51 2.9 2.4 2.6

Professional and business services............................. 875 724 938 4.9 4.0 5.1

Education and health services................................... 433 424 503 2.1 2.0 2.4

Educational services............................................ 51 39 59 1.4 1.1 1.7

Health care and social assistance............................ 382 384 444 2.3 2.2 2.6

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 705 599 716 5.2 4.4 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 147 76 113 7.7 4.1 5.8

Accommodation and food services........................... 557 523 603 4.8 4.4 5.0

Other services...................................................... 225 156 170 4.2 2.9 3.1

Government........................................................... 212 199 218 0.9 0.9 1.0

Federal.............................................................. 29 33 37 1.0 1.2 1.3

State and local..................................................... 183 166 181 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 644 572 656 2.5 2.2 2.6

South................................................................... 1,618 1,425 1,700 3.3 2.9 3.5

Midwest................................................................ 865 723 848 2.9 2.4 2.8

West.................................................................... 868 786 956 3.0 2.7 3.2

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 2,098 1,898 2,291 1.6 1.4 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 1,995 1,801 2,175 1.8 1.6 1.9

Mining and logging................................................ 18 19 16 2.2 2.2 1.9

Construction........................................................ 73 84 93 1.3 1.5 1.6

Manufacturing...................................................... 118 88 114 1.0 0.7 1.0

Durable goods................................................... 68 47 70 0.9 0.6 0.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 50 40 44 1.1 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 457 408 490 1.8 1.6 1.9

Wholesale trade................................................. 48 59 65 0.9 1.0 1.1

Retail trade....................................................... 327 279 352 2.2 1.9 2.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 81 70 73 1.7 1.4 1.5

Information.......................................................... 33 24 39 1.2 0.9 1.4

Financial activities................................................. 106 91 107 1.4 1.2 1.4

Finance and insurance......................................... 69 66 82 1.2 1.1 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 37 25 25 1.9 1.3 1.2

Professional and business services............................. 394 356 488 2.2 2.0 2.7

Education and health services................................... 257 268 285 1.3 1.3 1.4

Educational services............................................ 26 19 31 0.7 0.5 0.9

Health care and social assistance............................ 231 250 254 1.4 1.5 1.5

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 445 380 453 3.3 2.8 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 40 34 38 2.1 1.8 1.9

Accommodation and food services........................... 405 346 415 3.5 2.9 3.5

Other services...................................................... 93 83 90 1.7 1.5 1.7

Government........................................................... 103 97 116 0.5 0.4 0.5

Federal.............................................................. 11 10 11 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local..................................................... 93 87 105 0.5 0.4 0.5

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 301 252 314 1.2 1.0 1.2

South................................................................... 907 823 1,001 1.9 1.7 2.0

Midwest................................................................ 449 424 514 1.5 1.4 1.7

West.................................................................... 441 398 462 1.5 1.3 1.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 1,616 1,329 1,514 1.2 1.0 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 1,554 1,267 1,455 1.4 1.1 1.3

Mining and logging................................................ 11 9 12 1.3 1.0 1.5

Construction........................................................ 178 189 179 3.3 3.4 3.2

Manufacturing...................................................... 99 83 86 0.8 0.7 0.7

Durable goods................................................... 59 58 60 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods.............................................. 40 25 26 0.9 0.6 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 235 233 254 0.9 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................. 48 30 31 0.9 0.5 0.5

Retail trade....................................................... 143 162 178 1.0 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 44 41 46 0.9 0.8 0.9

Information.......................................................... 21 11 29 0.8 0.4 1.1

Financial activities................................................. 50 44 46 0.7 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance......................................... 34 26 30 0.6 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 17 18 17 0.9 0.9 0.8

Professional and business services............................. 452 328 411 2.5 1.8 2.2

Education and health services................................... 150 115 144 0.7 0.6 0.7

Educational services............................................ 21 16 20 0.6 0.5 0.6

Health care and social assistance............................ 129 99 124 0.8 0.6 0.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 229 192 223 1.7 1.4 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 104 40 72 5.5 2.2 3.7

Accommodation and food services........................... 124 152 151 1.1 1.3 1.3

Other services...................................................... 129 63 71 2.4 1.2 1.3

Government........................................................... 62 62 59 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal.............................................................. 7 14 16 0.2 0.5 0.6

State and local..................................................... 55 48 43 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 293 264 281 1.2 1.0 1.1

South................................................................... 624 504 574 1.3 1.0 1.2

Midwest................................................................ 345 242 254 1.1 0.8 0.8

West.................................................................... 354 319 404 1.2 1.1 1.4

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 280 279 357 0.2 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 233 239 314 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging................................................ 2 3 2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Construction........................................................ 13 3 14 0.2 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing...................................................... 25 15 24 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods................................................... 16 9 14 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods.............................................. 9 6 10 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 77 69 66 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................. 7 17 6 0.1 0.3 0.1

Retail trade....................................................... 43 34 47 0.3 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 26 18 12 0.5 0.4 0.3

Information.......................................................... 3 8 4 0.1 0.3 0.2

Financial activities................................................. 26 23 42 0.3 0.3 0.5

Finance and insurance......................................... 23 20 32 0.4 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 3 3 10 0.1 0.2 0.5

Professional and business services............................. 28 40 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Education and health services................................... 26 41 74 0.1 0.2 0.4

Educational services............................................ 4 5 8 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 22 36 66 0.1 0.2 0.4

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 31 27 40 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 2 2 3 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services........................... 28 25 37 0.2 0.2 0.3

Other services...................................................... 4 10 9 0.1 0.2 0.2

Government........................................................... 47 40 43 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal.............................................................. 11 8 10 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local..................................................... 36 32 33 0.2 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 50 55 61 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................... 87 98 125 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest................................................................ 71 58 80 0.2 0.2 0.3

West.................................................................... 73 69 91 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.