Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-20-2184 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 4, 2020

Technical information: 

 Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

 Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — NOVEMBER 2020

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 245,000 in November, and the unemployment rate edged 

down to 6.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These improvements in the 

labor market reflect the continued resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due to the 

coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. However, the pace of improvement in the 

labor market has moderated in recent months. In November, notable job gains occurred in transportation 

and warehousing, professional and business services, and health care. Employment declined in 

government and retail trade. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In November, the unemployment rate edged down to 6.7 percent. The rate is down by 8.0 percentage 

points from its recent high in April but is 3.2 percentage points higher than it was in February. The 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2018 – November 2020

Percent

-25,000

-20,000

-15,000

-10,000

-5,000

0

5,000

10,000

Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, November 2018 – November 2020

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20
 

-2-

number of unemployed persons, at 10.7 million, continued to trend down in November but is 4.9 

million higher than in February. (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey 

and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 5.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult women (6.1 percent) declined in 

November. The jobless rates for adult men (6.7 percent), teenagers (14.0 percent), Whites (5.9 percent), 

Blacks (10.3 percent), Asians (6.7 percent), and Hispanics (8.4 percent) showed little or no change. (See 

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 441,000 in 

November to 2.8 million. This measure is down considerably from the high of 18.1 million in April but 

is 2.0 million higher than its February level. The number of permanent job losers, at 3.7 million, was 

about unchanged in November but is 2.5 million higher than in February. (See table A-11.) 

In November, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by 

385,000 to 3.9 million, accounting for 36.9 percent of the total unemployed, while the number of 

persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks declined by 760,000 to 1.9 million. The number of persons jobless 5 to 

14 weeks and persons jobless less than 5 weeks showed little change in November at 2.4 million and 

2.5 million, respectively. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate edged down to 61.5 percent in November; this is 1.9 percentage 

points below its February level. The employment-population ratio, at 57.3 percent, changed little over 

the month but is 3.8 percentage points lower than in February. (See table A-1.) 

In November, the number of persons who usually work full time rose by 752,000 to 124.3 million, 

while the number of persons who usually work part time decreased by 779,000 to 25.4 million. (See 

table A-9.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was about unchanged over the 

month at 6.7 million but remains 2.3 million higher than the February level. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. This group includes persons who usually work full 

time and persons who usually work part time. (See table A-8.) 

In November, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job increased by 

448,000 to 7.1 million; this measure is 2.2 million higher than in February. These individuals were not 

counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were 

unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally 

attached to the labor force, at 2.1 million, changed little in November. These individuals wanted and 

were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 

marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was 657,000 in November, little 

changed from the previous month. (See Summary table A.) 
 

-3-

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In November, 21.8 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, up 

from 21.2 percent in October. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home 

for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic.

In November, 14.8 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is little changed from October. Among 

those who reported in November that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or 

lost business, 13.7 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, 

up from 11.7 percent in October. 

About 3.9 million persons not in the labor force in November were prevented from looking for work 

due to the pandemic. This measure is up from 3.6 million in October. (To be counted as unemployed, 

by definition, individuals must either be actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May to help 

gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with 

estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 245,000, following gains of larger magnitude in the prior 6 

months. In November, nonfarm employment was below its February level by 9.8 million, or 6.5 percent. 

Notable job gains occurred over the month in transportation and warehousing, professional and business 

services, and health care. Employment declined in government and retail trade. (See table B-1. For more 

information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus 

pandemic, see the box note on page 5.) 

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 145,000 in November but is 123,000 below 

its February level. In November, employment rose by 82,000 in couriers and messengers and by 37,000 

in warehousing and storage; since February, employment in these industries has increased by 182,000 

and 97,000, respectively. Job growth also occurred over the month in truck transportation (+13,000). 

In November, employment in professional and business services increased by 60,000, with about half 

the gain occurring in temporary help services (+32,000). Job growth also occurred in services to 

buildings and dwellings (+14,000). Employment in professional and business services is down by 1.1 

million since February.

Health care added 46,000 jobs in November, with gains occurring in offices of physicians (+21,000), 

home health care services (+13,000), and offices of other health practitioners (+8,000). Nursing care 

facilities continued to lose jobs (-12,000). Health care employment is 527,000 lower than in February. 

Construction gained 27,000 jobs in November, but employment is 279,000 below its February level. In 

November, employment rose in residential specialty trade contractors (+14,000) and in heavy and civil 

engineering construction (+10,000).
 

-4-

In November, manufacturing employment increased by 27,000. Job gains occurred in motor vehicles 

and parts (+15,000) and in plastics and rubber products (+5,000). Employment in manufacturing was 

599,000 lower than in February. 

Financial activities added 15,000 jobs in November. Gains occurred in real estate (+10,000) and in 

nondepository credit intermediation (+8,000). Financial activities has added 164,000 jobs over the past 7 

months, but employment in the industry is 115,000 lower than in February. 

Employment in wholesale trade continued to trend up in November (+10,000) but is 281,000 lower 

than in February. 

Government employment declined for the third consecutive month, decreasing by 99,000 in November. 

A decline of 86,000 in federal government employment reflected the loss of 93,000 temporary workers 

who had been hired for the 2020 Census. Employment in local government education continued to trend 

down (-21,000). 

In November, retail trade lost 35,000 jobs, reflecting less seasonal hiring in several retail industries. 

Employment decreases occurred in general merchandise stores (-21,000); sporting goods, hobby, book, 

and music stores (-12,000); electronics and appliance stores (-11,000); and health and personal care 

stores (-8,000). By contrast, furniture and home furnishings stores and automobile dealers added 6,000 

jobs and 4,000 jobs, respectively. Employment in retail trade is 550,000 lower than in February. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality changed little in November (+31,000) but is down by 3.4 

million since February. Arts, entertainment, and recreation added 43,000 jobs in November, while 

employment in food services and drinking places changed little (-17,000). 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, information, and other services, showed 

little change in November. 

In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 9 

cents to $29.58. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees

increased by 7 cents to $24.87. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained unchanged at 34.8 

hours in November. In manufacturing, the workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to 40.3 hours, and overtime 

decreased by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.2 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised up by 39,000, from 

+672,000 to +711,000, and the change for October was revised down by 28,000, from +638,000 to 

+610,000. With these revisions, employment in September and October combined was 11,000 more than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

____________ 

The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 8, 2021, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
 

-5-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on November 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the 

establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the establishments are assigned to four regional data 

collection centers for collection. Although these centers were closed, interviewers at these centers 

worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report 

electronically. The collection rate for the establishment survey was 74 percent in November, about the 

same as the average for the 12 months ending in February 2020. The household survey is generally 

conducted through in-person and telephone interviews. However, for the safety of both interviewers and 

respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone interviews could not be done. 

The household survey response rate was 79 percent in November, considerably higher than the low of 

65 percent in June but below the average of 83 percent for the 12 months ending in February 2020. 

 

In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period 

including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. 

Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not 

counted as employed, even if they continue to receive benefits. 

 

In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force 

based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the survey reference week 

(November 8th through November 14th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire 

survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on 

temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large number of persons were classified as unemployed on 

temporary layoff in November. 

Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed persons absent 

from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures or cutbacks as unemployed on 

temporary layoff. As happened in earlier months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should 

have been classified as unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not 

at work. However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early 

months of the pandemic and has been considerably lower in recent months. 

For March through October, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate would have 

been had misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. Repeating this same approach, 

the overall November unemployment rate would have been 0.4 percentage point higher than reported. 

However, this represents the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates 

the size of the misclassification error. 

According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain 

data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. 

 

More information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-november2020.htm. 
 

-6-

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December 2020, 

scheduled for January 8, 2021, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted household survey 

data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Change from:

Oct. 2020-

Nov. 2020

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 260,020 260,742 260,925 261,085 160

Civilian labor force........................................................... 164,347 160,143 160,867 160,467 -400

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.2 61.4 61.7 61.5 -0.2

Employed................................................................... 158,536 147,563 149,806 149,732 -74

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 61.0 56.6 57.4 57.3 -0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 5,811 12,580 11,061 10,735 -326

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.5 7.9 6.9 6.7 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,673 100,599 100,058 100,618 560

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.5 7.9 6.9 6.7 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.2 7.4 6.7 6.7 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.2 7.7 6.5 6.1 -0.4

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.0 15.9 13.9 14.0 0.1

White.......................................................................... 3.2 7.0 6.0 5.9 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 5.6 12.1 10.8 10.3 -0.5

Asian.......................................................................... 2.6 8.9 7.6 6.7 -0.9

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.2 10.3 8.8 8.4 -0.4

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 2.9 7.1 6.1 6.0 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.3 10.6 9.8 9.0 -0.8

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.7 9.0 8.1 7.7 -0.4

Some college or associate degree........................................ 2.9 8.1 6.5 6.3 -0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 4.8 4.2 4.2 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,804 9,135 7,712 7,485 -227

Job leavers...................................................................... 776 801 769 721 -48

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,663 2,146 2,009 1,924 -85

New entrants.................................................................... 581 537 528 560 32

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,026 2,552 2,500 2,467 -33

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,753 2,732 2,275 2,413 138

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 865 4,918 2,617 1,857 -760

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,219 2,405 3,556 3,941 385

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,288 6,300 6,683 6,660 -23

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,634 4,936 5,312 5,266 -46

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,259 1,122 1,133 1,169 36

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,532 18,918 19,421 18,635 -786

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,244 1,922 1,956 2,083 127

Discouraged workers........................................................ 316 581 588 657 69

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 711 610 245

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 930 877 344

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 97 107 55

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 2 2 1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 35 72 27

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 60 33 27

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 45 16 22

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 6.3 0.6 15.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 15 17 5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 833 770 289

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 32.6 5.0 10.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13.9 15.3 95.1 -34.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 44.4 62.0 145.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.2 -1.1 -0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 53 -28 1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 37 30 15

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 127 231 60

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 24.8 123.0 32.2

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 60 62 54

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 132.0 91.3 59.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 413 270 31

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 49 44 7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 -219 -267 -99

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 1,322 938 522

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 1,161 945 717

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 48.3 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 81.4 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.8 34.8 34.8

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $28.34 $29.47 $29.49 $29.58

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $972.06 $1,025.56 $1,026.25 $1,029.38

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.2 104.8 105.6 105.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 1.1 0.8 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.7 147.7 148.9 149.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 71.5 70.7 58.7

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 66.4 60.5 58.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260,020 260,925 261,085 260,020 260,373 260,558 260,742 260,925 261,085

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164,386 161,053 160,468 164,347 159,870 160,838 160,143 160,867 160,467

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 61.7 61.5 63.2 61.4 61.7 61.4 61.7 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,945 150,433 150,203 158,536 143,532 147,288 147,563 149,806 149,732

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 57.7 57.5 61.0 55.1 56.5 56.6 57.4 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,441 10,620 10,264 5,811 16,338 13,550 12,580 11,061 10,735

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 6.6 6.4 3.5 10.2 8.4 7.9 6.9 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,634 99,872 100,617 95,673 100,503 99,720 100,599 100,058 100,618

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,515 6,317 6,791 4,832 7,732 6,985 7,227 6,688 7,136

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,773 126,218 126,296 125,773 125,944 126,036 126,127 126,218 126,296

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,864 85,464 84,934 87,104 84,533 85,315 85,237 85,569 85,158

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 67.7 67.2 69.3 67.1 67.7 67.6 67.8 67.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,973 79,794 79,291 84,018 76,212 78,255 78,674 79,587 79,243

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 63.2 62.8 66.8 60.5 62.1 62.4 63.1 62.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,890 5,670 5,643 3,086 8,321 7,061 6,563 5,982 5,915

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 6.6 6.6 3.5 9.8 8.3 7.7 7.0 6.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,909 40,754 41,363 38,669 41,411 40,720 40,890 40,649 41,138

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,331 117,854 117,936 117,331 117,580 117,672 117,763 117,854 117,936

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,970 82,575 82,134 84,057 81,904 82,512 82,296 82,562 82,215

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 70.1 69.6 71.6 69.7 70.1 69.9 70.1 69.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,464 77,330 76,904 81,377 74,184 75,945 76,231 77,049 76,747

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 65.6 65.2 69.4 63.1 64.5 64.7 65.4 65.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,506 5,245 5,230 2,679 7,720 6,567 6,065 5,513 5,468

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 6.4 6.4 3.2 9.4 8.0 7.4 6.7 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,361 35,279 35,802 33,274 35,676 35,160 35,467 35,291 35,721

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,247 134,707 134,788 134,247 134,429 134,523 134,615 134,707 134,788

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,522 75,589 75,534 77,243 75,337 75,523 74,906 75,298 75,309

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 56.1 56.0 57.5 56.0 56.1 55.6 55.9 55.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,971 70,639 70,913 74,518 67,320 69,033 68,890 70,220 70,489

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 52.4 52.6 55.5 50.1 51.3 51.2 52.1 52.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,550 4,950 4,621 2,725 8,017 6,489 6,016 5,079 4,819

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 6.5 6.1 3.5 10.6 8.6 8.0 6.7 6.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,725 59,118 59,254 57,004 59,092 59,000 59,709 59,409 59,480

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,998 126,520 126,604 125,998 126,243 126,336 126,429 126,520 126,604

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,695 72,728 72,695 74,291 72,720 72,715 71,850 72,330 72,320

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 57.5 57.4 59.0 57.6 57.6 56.8 57.2 57.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,426 68,109 68,407 71,881 65,113 66,637 66,289 67,615 67,881

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 53.8 54.0 57.0 51.6 52.7 52.4 53.4 53.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,269 4,619 4,289 2,411 7,607 6,078 5,561 4,715 4,438

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 6.4 5.9 3.2 10.5 8.4 7.7 6.5 6.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,303 53,792 53,909 51,706 53,523 53,622 54,578 54,190 54,284

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,692 16,551 16,545 16,692 16,550 16,550 16,551 16,551 16,545

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,721 5,750 5,639 5,999 5,245 5,611 5,997 5,974 5,932

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.7 34.1 35.9 31.7 33.9 36.2 36.1 35.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,055 4,994 4,893 5,278 4,235 4,706 5,043 5,142 5,104

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 30.2 29.6 31.6 25.6 28.4 30.5 31.1 30.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 756 745 721 1,011 905 954 832 829

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 13.1 13.2 12.0 19.3 16.1 15.9 13.9 14.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,971 10,801 10,906 10,693 11,304 10,939 10,554 10,577 10,613

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,254 201,610 201,685 201,254 201,319 201,417 201,515 201,610 201,685

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,170 124,735 124,065 127,191 123,618 124,471 124,213 124,694 124,032

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 61.9 61.5 63.2 61.4 61.8 61.6 61.8 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,397 117,599 117,041 123,077 112,226 115,354 115,496 117,181 116,673

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 58.3 58.0 61.2 55.7 57.3 57.3 58.1 57.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,773 7,135 7,024 4,115 11,392 9,118 8,717 7,513 7,359

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 5.7 5.7 3.2 9.2 7.3 7.0 6.0 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,084 76,876 77,620 74,063 77,701 76,946 77,302 76,916 77,653

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,143 65,076 64,598 66,204 64,420 64,911 64,976 65,145 64,640

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 70.4 69.8 71.8 69.8 70.3 70.3 70.5 69.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,336 61,491 60,953 64,247 59,054 60,425 60,738 61,335 60,843

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 66.5 65.9 69.7 64.0 65.4 65.7 66.3 65.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,807 3,585 3,645 1,957 5,367 4,485 4,238 3,810 3,797

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.5 5.6 3.0 8.3 6.9 6.5 5.8 5.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,591 55,151 55,014 56,299 55,124 55,124 54,568 54,836 54,697

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 56.8 56.7 58.2 56.9 56.9 56.3 56.5 56.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,095 52,153 52,200 54,666 49,822 51,124 50,794 51,742 51,756

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 53.7 53.8 56.5 51.4 52.7 52.4 53.3 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496 2,998 2,814 1,633 5,302 4,000 3,774 3,094 2,941

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 5.4 5.1 2.9 9.6 7.3 6.9 5.6 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,436 4,507 4,453 4,688 4,074 4,437 4,669 4,714 4,695

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 37.1 36.7 38.3 33.6 36.6 38.5 38.8 38.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,966 3,955 3,887 4,164 3,350 3,805 3,965 4,105 4,074

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 32.6 32.1 34.0 27.6 31.4 32.7 33.8 33.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 552 565 524 724 632 704 609 621

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 12.3 12.7 11.2 17.8 14.2 15.1 12.9 13.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,184 33,453 33,486 33,184 33,353 33,386 33,420 33,453 33,486

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,670 20,249 20,166 20,675 20,094 20,150 19,956 20,136 20,184

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 60.5 60.2 62.3 60.2 60.4 59.7 60.2 60.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,587 18,109 18,184 19,527 17,161 17,528 17,537 17,970 18,106

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 54.1 54.3 58.8 51.5 52.5 52.5 53.7 54.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,083 2,140 1,982 1,148 2,933 2,621 2,420 2,166 2,078

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 10.6 9.8 5.6 14.6 13.0 12.1 10.8 10.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,515 13,204 13,320 12,509 13,258 13,237 13,464 13,318 13,302

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,475 9,285 9,197 9,504 9,229 9,277 9,117 9,227 9,212

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 65.8 65.1 68.1 65.6 65.9 64.7 65.4 65.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,024 8,249 8,217 9,019 7,827 8,051 7,967 8,169 8,184

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 58.5 58.2 64.6 55.7 57.2 56.5 57.9 57.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 1,036 980 485 1,402 1,225 1,150 1,057 1,028

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 11.2 10.7 5.1 15.2 13.2 12.6 11.5 11.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,490 10,245 10,295 10,445 10,156 10,174 10,116 10,180 10,274

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 60.5 60.7 62.3 60.2 60.2 59.8 60.1 60.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,995 9,296 9,395 9,929 8,785 8,949 8,997 9,244 9,345

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 54.9 55.4 59.2 52.0 53.0 53.2 54.6 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 949 900 516 1,371 1,224 1,120 936 929

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 9.3 8.7 4.9 13.5 12.0 11.1 9.2 9.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 718 674 727 709 699 723 729 698

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 29.8 28.0 29.6 29.4 29.0 30.0 30.3 29.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 563 572 579 549 527 573 557 576

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 23.4 23.8 23.6 22.7 21.9 23.8 23.1 24.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 155 102 147 160 172 150 172 121

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 21.6 15.1 20.3 22.5 24.6 20.7 23.6 17.4

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,558 16,542 16,558 16,558 16,420 16,597 16,668 16,542 16,558

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,666 10,365 10,366 10,705 10,408 10,595 10,501 10,398 10,396

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 62.7 62.6 64.7 63.4 63.8 63.0 62.9 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,391 9,588 9,675 10,429 9,163 9,462 9,568 9,611 9,701

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 58.0 58.4 63.0 55.8 57.0 57.4 58.1 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 777 691 276 1,245 1,133 933 787 695

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 7.5 6.7 2.6 12.0 10.7 8.9 7.6 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,892 6,177 6,192 5,852 6,012 6,001 6,167 6,145 6,163

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,902 44,475 44,559 43,902 44,212 44,300 44,388 44,475 44,559

Civilian labor force................................ 29,679 29,235 29,240 29,575 28,560 28,925 28,798 29,186 29,153

Participation rate............................... 67.6 65.7 65.6 67.4 64.6 65.3 64.9 65.6 65.4

Employed....................................... 28,472 26,754 26,821 28,339 24,885 25,886 25,834 26,619 26,702

Employment-population ratio............... 64.9 60.2 60.2 64.6 56.3 58.4 58.2 59.9 59.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,207 2,481 2,419 1,236 3,675 3,040 2,964 2,567 2,451

Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 8.5 8.3 4.2 12.9 10.5 10.3 8.8 8.4

Not in labor force................................. 14,223 15,240 15,319 14,327 15,652 15,375 15,590 15,289 15,406

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,015 16,103 15,971 15,983 15,488 15,761 15,848 16,095 15,948

Participation rate............................... 80.8 80.2 79.4 80.6 77.6 78.8 79.1 80.1 79.2

Employed....................................... 15,551 14,845 14,753 15,498 13,728 14,213 14,463 14,785 14,705

Employment-population ratio............... 78.4 73.9 73.3 78.2 68.8 71.0 72.1 73.6 73.1

Unemployed.................................... 464 1,258 1,218 485 1,761 1,549 1,386 1,310 1,243

Unemployment rate......................... 2.9 7.8 7.6 3.0 11.4 9.8 8.7 8.1 7.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,294 11,816 11,910 12,196 11,881 11,904 11,580 11,765 11,825

Participation rate............................... 61.3 58.0 58.4 60.8 58.7 58.7 57.0 57.8 58.0

Employed....................................... 11,771 10,793 10,946 11,675 10,217 10,649 10,307 10,711 10,861

Employment-population ratio............... 58.7 53.0 53.7 58.2 50.5 52.5 50.7 52.6 53.3

Unemployed.................................... 522 1,023 964 521 1,664 1,255 1,272 1,054 964

Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 8.7 8.1 4.3 14.0 10.5 11.0 9.0 8.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,370 1,316 1,358 1,396 1,191 1,260 1,370 1,326 1,380

Participation rate............................... 34.1 32.6 33.6 34.8 29.7 31.3 34.0 32.9 34.2

Employed....................................... 1,150 1,117 1,121 1,166 940 1,024 1,063 1,123 1,136

Employment-population ratio............... 28.6 27.7 27.8 29.0 23.4 25.5 26.4 27.8 28.1

Unemployed.................................... 221 199 237 230 251 236 306 203 244

Unemployment rate......................... 16.1 15.1 17.5 16.5 21.0 18.7 22.4 15.3 17.7

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,778 9,052 9,418 9,761 8,255 8,500 8,835 9,234 9,409

Participation rate.................................. 46.6 45.4 46.4 46.5 44.9 44.9 43.7 46.4 46.3

Employed.......................................... 9,279 8,243 8,585 9,245 6,981 7,427 7,898 8,327 8,562

Employment-population ratio................. 44.2 41.4 42.3 44.1 38.0 39.2 39.0 41.8 42.1

Unemployed....................................... 498 809 833 516 1,274 1,073 937 907 847

Unemployment rate............................ 5.1 8.9 8.8 5.3 15.4 12.6 10.6 9.8 9.0

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,238 35,692 35,246 36,178 33,942 34,129 34,953 35,534 35,230

Participation rate.................................. 58.1 56.1 55.5 58.0 55.4 54.9 55.0 55.9 55.5

Employed.......................................... 34,977 32,910 32,622 34,850 30,266 30,768 31,803 32,668 32,518

Employment-population ratio................. 56.1 51.7 51.4 55.9 49.4 49.5 50.0 51.4 51.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,260 2,782 2,624 1,328 3,677 3,361 3,150 2,866 2,711

Unemployment rate............................ 3.5 7.8 7.4 3.7 10.8 9.8 9.0 8.1 7.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,626 36,145 35,833 37,478 36,455 36,427 35,970 35,814 35,651

Participation rate.................................. 65.0 63.1 62.6 64.7 63.4 64.0 63.6 62.5 62.3

Employed.......................................... 36,572 33,863 33,647 36,393 32,816 33,504 33,060 33,472 33,407

Employment-population ratio................. 63.2 59.1 58.8 62.9 57.1 58.9 58.5 58.4 58.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,054 2,282 2,185 1,085 3,639 2,922 2,910 2,341 2,244

Unemployment rate............................ 2.8 6.3 6.1 2.9 10.0 8.0 8.1 6.5 6.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 60,112 59,639 59,719 59,924 61,847 61,930 59,954 59,469 59,459

Participation rate.................................. 74.2 72.1 72.3 74.0 72.1 72.8 72.3 71.9 72.0

Employed.......................................... 59,024 57,199 57,287 58,750 57,710 58,654 57,098 56,980 56,940

Employment-population ratio................. 72.8 69.2 69.3 72.5 67.3 68.9 68.9 68.9 68.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,088 2,440 2,432 1,174 4,137 3,276 2,857 2,488 2,519

Unemployment rate............................ 1.8 4.1 4.1 2.0 6.7 5.3 4.8 4.2 4.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,681 18,315 16,789 16,408 1,892 1,907

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,119 8,764 8,028 7,636 1,092 1,128

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 47.9 47.8 46.5 57.7 59.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,812 8,213 7,776 7,144 1,036 1,068

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 44.8 46.3 43.5 54.8 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 552 252 492 55 60

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.3 3.1 6.4 5.1 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,562 9,551 8,761 8,772 800 779

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,407 4,540 3,623 3,752 784 789

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,456 3,532 2,920 2,979 537 553

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.4 77.8 80.6 79.4 68.5 70.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,293 3,288 2,799 2,766 494 522

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 72.4 77.3 73.7 63.0 66.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 244 120 212 43 32

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 6.9 4.1 7.1 8.0 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 1,009 703 773 247 236

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,051 3,065 2,593 2,578 458 486

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,258 2,251 1,951 1,934 307 317

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 73.5 75.2 75.0 67.0 65.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,204 2,145 1,905 1,839 299 305

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 70.0 73.5 71.3 65.2 62.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 107 46 95 8 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 4.7 2.3 4.9 2.6 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794 814 642 644 151 169

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,061 6,676 6,816 6,443 245 233

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,467 1,175 1,420 1,146 48 29

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 17.6 20.8 17.8 19.5 12.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424 1,100 1,376 1,071 48 29

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.2 16.5 20.2 16.6 19.5 12.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 75 43 75 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 6.4 3.1 6.6 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,594 5,501 5,396 5,297 197 204

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,162 4,034 3,757 3,635 405 399

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,938 1,806 1,737 1,577 200 229

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.6 44.8 46.2 43.4 49.5 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,891 1,680 1,695 1,468 195 212

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 41.6 45.1 40.4 48.2 53.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 126 42 109 5 17

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 7.0 2.4 6.9 2.4 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,224 2,228 2,020 2,058 205 170

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232,369 233,995 104,484 105,486 127,884 128,510

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,091 149,673 77,827 76,357 75,264 73,316

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 64.0 74.5 72.4 58.9 57.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,219 140,243 75,335 71,337 72,884 68,906

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 59.9 72.1 67.6 57.0 53.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,873 9,430 2,492 5,019 2,380 4,411

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 6.3 3.2 6.6 3.2 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,277 84,322 26,657 29,129 52,620 55,193

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,673 30,169 229,347 230,916

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,362 6,163 158,024 154,305

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.7 20.4 68.9 66.8

Employed............................................................................. 5,926 5,407 153,019 144,796

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.3 17.9 66.7 62.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 436 755 5,005 9,509

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.9 12.3 3.2 6.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,311 24,006 71,323 76,611

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,869 2,740 77,915 76,194

Participation rate..................................................................... 37.2 35.3 82.9 81.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,671 2,380 75,411 71,246

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 34.6 30.7 80.2 76.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 198 359 2,504 4,948

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.9 13.1 3.2 6.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,840 5,021 16,093 17,450

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,274 2,350 70,296 68,384

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.3 31.8 72.3 70.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,085 2,029 68,056 64,343

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.7 27.5 70.0 66.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 189 321 2,240 4,042

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.3 13.7 3.2 5.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,243 5,030 26,869 28,579

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,219 1,073 9,813 9,726

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.9 7.1 25.7 24.1

Employed............................................................................. 1,169 998 9,552 9,207

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 6.6 25.0 22.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 49 75 260 519

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.1 7.0 2.7 5.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,229 13,956 28,360 30,582

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,876 42,730 20,676 20,477 22,200 22,253

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,468 27,494 16,265 15,806 12,203 11,689

Participation rate.................................................. 66.4 64.3 78.7 77.2 55.0 52.5

Employed.......................................................... 27,693 25,644 15,877 14,888 11,816 10,757

Employment-population ratio................................. 64.6 60.0 76.8 72.7 53.2 48.3

Unemployed....................................................... 775 1,850 389 918 386 932

Unemployment rate............................................ 2.7 6.7 2.4 5.8 3.2 8.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,408 15,236 4,410 4,672 9,998 10,564

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 217,144 218,355 105,097 105,819 112,047 112,536

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,918 132,973 70,598 69,128 65,319 63,845

Participation rate.................................................. 62.6 60.9 67.2 65.3 58.3 56.7

Employed.......................................................... 131,252 124,559 68,097 64,403 63,155 60,156

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.4 57.0 64.8 60.9 56.4 53.5

Unemployed....................................................... 4,666 8,414 2,502 4,725 2,164 3,689

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.4 6.3 3.5 6.8 3.3 5.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,226 85,381 34,499 36,691 46,727 48,690

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,363 2,620 2,441 2,356 2,128 2,159 2,257 2,529 2,399

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,676 1,670 1,590 1,661 1,446 1,422 1,454 1,579 1,551

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 663 892 820 692 677 736 792 881 844

Unpaid family workers........................... 24 58 30 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 156,581 147,813 147,763 156,167 141,487 145,156 145,235 147,222 147,277

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 147,544 138,954 139,095 147,275 132,888 136,258 136,509 138,501 138,738

Government..................................... 21,619 20,799 20,637 21,342 20,597 21,132 20,483 20,605 20,379

Private industries............................... 125,925 118,155 118,458 125,996 112,361 115,172 116,088 117,993 118,477

Private households.......................... 824 636 626 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 125,101 117,520 117,832 125,157 111,663 114,478 115,385 117,320 117,846

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,954 8,789 8,622 8,856 8,559 8,808 8,680 8,677 8,535

Unpaid family workers........................... 83 70 45 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,110 6,338 6,492 4,288 8,443 7,572 6,300 6,683 6,660

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,512 5,065 5,131 2,634 7,281 6,214 4,936 5,312 5,266

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,249 1,115 1,151 1,259 1,048 1,139 1,122 1,133 1,169

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 22,482 19,921 19,449 21,532 17,792 18,630 18,918 19,421 18,635

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,053 6,237 6,423 4,221 8,382 7,468 6,224 6,565 6,568

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,476 5,002 5,087 2,599 7,234 6,148 4,881 5,241 5,219

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,246 1,092 1,142 1,254 1,047 1,124 1,116 1,113 1,158

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 22,109 19,465 19,043 21,163 17,404 18,264 18,519 18,978 18,230

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,945 150,433 150,203 158,536 143,532 147,288 147,563 149,806 149,732

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,055 4,994 4,893 5,278 4,235 4,706 5,043 5,142 5,104

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,914 1,845 1,748 1,978 1,727 1,845 1,787 1,822 1,772

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,141 3,148 3,146 3,315 2,581 2,838 3,202 3,323 3,308

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,890 145,440 145,310 153,258 139,297 142,582 142,521 144,664 144,628

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,037 13,225 13,169 14,112 11,593 12,253 12,635 13,246 13,254

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,852 132,215 132,142 139,176 127,741 130,231 129,859 131,475 131,399

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,027 96,365 96,394 101,517 93,068 94,928 94,606 95,802 95,840

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,351 34,018 33,767 36,190 32,105 32,889 33,253 33,838 33,595

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,459 32,100 32,290 33,293 31,398 31,972 31,656 31,886 32,129

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,217 30,247 30,337 32,033 29,565 30,067 29,697 30,079 30,116

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,826 35,850 35,748 37,660 34,673 35,304 35,253 35,672 35,559

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,973 79,794 79,291 84,018 76,212 78,255 78,674 79,587 79,243

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,509 2,464 2,387 2,640 2,028 2,310 2,442 2,537 2,496

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 869 809 929 753 860 839 872 847

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,647 1,594 1,578 1,717 1,297 1,435 1,577 1,670 1,643

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,464 77,330 76,904 81,377 74,184 75,945 76,231 77,049 76,747

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,073 6,720 6,662 7,157 5,949 6,345 6,521 6,770 6,753

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,391 70,610 70,241 74,224 68,243 69,503 69,688 70,285 70,023

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,247 51,369 51,207 54,101 49,683 50,763 50,721 51,148 51,016

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,451 18,150 17,984 19,413 17,019 17,566 17,808 18,082 17,926

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,915 17,292 17,334 17,890 16,867 17,210 17,151 17,213 17,304

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,880 15,927 15,889 16,797 15,796 15,987 15,762 15,852 15,786

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,144 19,241 19,034 20,124 18,560 18,740 18,966 19,137 19,008

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,971 70,639 70,913 74,518 67,320 69,033 68,890 70,220 70,489

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,546 2,530 2,506 2,637 2,207 2,396 2,600 2,605 2,608

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,052 976 939 1,049 974 984 948 950 924

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,494 1,554 1,567 1,598 1,284 1,402 1,626 1,653 1,665

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,426 68,109 68,407 71,881 65,113 66,637 66,289 67,615 67,881

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,964 6,505 6,506 6,955 5,644 5,908 6,114 6,476 6,502

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,461 61,605 61,900 64,952 59,498 60,728 60,171 61,190 61,376

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,780 44,995 45,187 47,416 43,385 44,164 43,885 44,655 44,824

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,900 15,867 15,783 16,777 15,086 15,323 15,444 15,756 15,669

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,543 14,808 14,956 15,403 14,531 14,762 14,505 14,672 14,825

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,337 14,321 14,448 15,236 13,769 14,079 13,936 14,227 14,331

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,681 16,609 16,714 17,536 16,113 16,564 16,286 16,535 16,551

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,035 43,951 43,753 46,059 43,768 44,391 43,605 43,789 43,740

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,896 35,001 35,165 36,581 34,794 35,275 34,326 34,713 34,808

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,618 9,275 9,541 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,385 124,165 124,325 131,561 119,532 122,369 122,423 123,593 124,345

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,560 26,269 25,879 26,958 23,982 24,973 25,161 26,163 25,384

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,279 6,866 6,690 8,107 6,602 6,784 6,445 6,649 6,546

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.6 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,299 6,315 6,236 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,618 9,681 9,443 9,548 9,236 9,544 9,473 9,558 9,379

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,811 11,061 10,735 3.5 10.2 8.4 7.9 6.9 6.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 721 832 829 12.0 19.3 16.1 15.9 13.9 14.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 286 289 302 12.6 17.6 13.9 17.0 13.7 14.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 438 547 511 11.7 19.8 17.6 15.4 14.1 13.4

20 years and over................................ 5,090 10,228 9,906 3.2 9.9 8.1 7.5 6.6 6.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 972 1,599 1,563 6.4 18.3 14.1 12.5 10.8 10.5

25 years and over.............................. 4,126 8,606 8,333 2.9 9.1 7.6 7.1 6.1 6.0

25 to 54 years............................... 3,110 6,562 6,149 3.0 9.2 7.5 7.2 6.4 6.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,339 2,668 2,509 3.6 11.4 9.7 8.7 7.3 7.0

35 to 44 years............................. 930 1,975 1,889 2.7 8.1 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.6

45 to 54 years............................. 842 1,919 1,750 2.6 7.8 6.2 6.4 6.0 5.5

55 years and over........................... 998 2,052 2,183 2.6 8.8 7.7 6.7 5.4 5.8

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,086 5,982 5,915 3.5 9.8 8.3 7.7 7.0 6.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 407 469 448 13.4 22.8 17.6 17.0 15.6 15.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 152 168 142 14.1 24.2 14.7 19.0 16.2 14.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 257 296 298 13.0 21.5 20.3 16.1 15.1 15.3

20 years and over................................ 2,679 5,513 5,468 3.2 9.4 8.0 7.4 6.7 6.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 563 888 893 7.3 17.8 14.2 12.8 11.6 11.7

25 years and over.............................. 2,134 4,618 4,575 2.8 8.6 7.4 6.8 6.2 6.1

25 to 54 years............................... 1,596 3,578 3,405 2.9 8.9 7.4 7.0 6.5 6.3

25 to 34 years............................. 741 1,512 1,476 3.7 11.7 9.8 8.7 7.7 7.6

35 to 44 years............................. 469 1,039 1,011 2.6 7.9 6.4 6.1 5.7 5.5

45 to 54 years............................. 386 1,027 918 2.2 6.7 5.7 6.1 6.1 5.5

55 years and over........................... 538 1,039 1,170 2.6 8.0 7.3 6.3 5.2 5.8

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,725 5,079 4,819 3.5 10.6 8.6 8.0 6.7 6.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 314 364 381 10.6 15.7 14.7 14.9 12.3 12.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 133 121 160 11.3 11.6 13.3 15.3 11.3 14.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 181 250 213 10.2 18.0 14.8 14.7 13.2 11.4

20 years and over................................ 2,411 4,715 4,438 3.2 10.5 8.4 7.7 6.5 6.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 409 711 670 5.5 18.8 14.0 12.2 9.9 9.3

25 years and over.............................. 1,992 3,988 3,758 3.0 9.6 7.8 7.3 6.1 5.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,514 2,984 2,743 3.1 9.5 7.7 7.4 6.3 5.8

25 to 34 years............................. 598 1,156 1,033 3.4 11.1 9.5 8.8 6.8 6.2

35 to 44 years............................. 460 936 878 2.9 8.4 6.6 6.4 6.0 5.6

45 to 54 years............................. 455 893 832 2.9 9.0 6.8 6.8 5.9 5.5

55 years and over........................... 472 1,003 1,022 2.6 9.6 8.0 7.2 5.7 5.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 895 1,877 1,833 1.9 6.2 5.0 4.8 4.1 4.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 837 1,745 1,629 2.2 8.6 6.4 6.0 4.8 4.5

Women who maintain families2.................... 480 871 798 4.8 12.4 10.4 10.0 8.6 7.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,754 9,176 9,099 3.5 9.8 8.3 7.8 6.9 6.8

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,065 1,864 1,591 3.8 12.6 9.0 8.4 6.7 5.9

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,561 7,313 7,219 2,804 12,924 10,307 9,135 7,712 7,485

On temporary layoff.............................. 638 2,870 2,615 768 9,225 6,160 4,637 3,205 2,764

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 1,923 4,443 4,603 2,036 3,699 4,147 4,498 4,507 4,721

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,336 3,608 3,647 1,422 2,877 3,411 3,756 3,684 3,743

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 587 835 956 614 823 736 742 823 978

Job leavers........................................... 759 787 680 776 571 589 801 769 721

Reentrants............................................ 1,599 2,009 1,855 1,663 2,358 2,095 2,146 2,009 1,924

New entrants......................................... 522 511 511 581 513 554 537 528 560

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 47.1 68.9 70.3 48.1 79.0 76.1 72.4 70.0 70.0

On temporary layoff.............................. 11.7 27.0 25.5 13.2 56.4 45.5 36.7 29.1 25.9

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 35.4 41.8 44.8 35.0 22.6 30.6 35.6 40.9 44.2

Job leavers........................................... 13.9 7.4 6.6 13.3 3.5 4.4 6.4 7.0 6.7

Reentrants............................................ 29.4 18.9 18.1 28.6 14.4 15.5 17.0 18.2 18.0

New entrants......................................... 9.6 4.8 5.0 10.0 3.1 4.1 4.3 4.8 5.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.6 4.5 4.5 1.7 8.1 6.4 5.7 4.8 4.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,871 2,300 2,291 2,026 3,202 2,281 2,552 2,500 2,467

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,609 2,198 2,293 1,753 5,169 3,134 2,732 2,275 2,413

15 weeks and over.................................. 1,962 6,122 5,681 2,083 7,986 8,140 7,323 6,173 5,798

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 818 2,570 1,807 865 6,484 6,517 4,918 2,617 1,857

27 weeks and over............................... 1,143 3,552 3,873 1,219 1,501 1,624 2,405 3,556 3,941

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 20.8 22.7 24.0 20.2 17.9 20.2 20.7 21.2 23.2

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.3 19.9 18.8 9.2 15.0 16.7 17.8 19.3 18.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 34.4 21.7 22.3 34.6 19.6 16.8 20.2 22.8 23.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 29.6 20.7 22.3 29.9 31.6 23.1 21.7 20.8 22.6

15 weeks and over.................................. 36.1 57.6 55.3 35.5 48.8 60.1 58.1 56.4 54.3

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.0 24.2 17.6 14.7 39.6 48.1 39.0 23.9 17.4

27 weeks and over............................... 21.0 33.4 37.7 20.8 9.2 12.0 19.1 32.5 36.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 158,945 150,203 5,441 10,264 3.3 6.4

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 65,548 63,387 1,208 2,415 1.8 3.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,476 27,272 453 1,107 1.6 3.9

Professional and related occupations.......................... 38,072 36,116 755 1,309 1.9 3.5

Service occupations................................................ 26,915 23,822 1,141 2,583 4.1 9.8

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,393 30,632 1,098 1,978 3.2 6.1

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,627 14,711 531 991 3.3 6.3

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,766 15,921 567 987 3.1 5.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,410 13,677 655 1,085 4.3 7.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,067 1,006 134 117 11.1 10.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,242 8,024 437 694 5.0 8.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,101 4,648 84 274 1.6 5.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,679 18,685 802 1,672 4.1 8.2

Production occupations.......................................... 8,586 7,848 334 563 3.7 6.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 10,093 10,837 468 1,108 4.4 9.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 5,441 10,264 3.3 6.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,165 8,289 3.2 6.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 24 137 3.2 19.2

Construction.......................................................................... 428 732 4.4 7.3

Manufacturing........................................................................ 427 708 2.7 4.7

Durable goods..................................................................... 290 400 2.9 4.3

Nondurable goods................................................................ 137 308 2.4 5.4

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 684 1,252 3.4 6.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 220 591 3.0 8.0

Information............................................................................ 39 196 1.6 8.2

Financial activities................................................................... 221 343 2.1 3.5

Professional and business services............................................... 641 1,027 3.6 5.9

Education and health services..................................................... 586 904 2.3 3.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 683 1,896 4.9 15.0

Other services........................................................................ 212 502 3.1 8.1

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 136 141 7.7 8.4

Government workers................................................................... 408 722 1.8 3.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 211 601 2.1 5.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.2 3.8 3.5 1.3 5.0 5.1 4.6 3.8 3.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.6 4.5 4.5 1.7 8.1 6.4 5.7 4.8 4.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.3 6.6 6.4 3.5 10.2 8.4 7.9 6.9 6.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 3.5 6.9 6.8 3.7 10.6 8.7 8.2 7.2 7.1

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.0 7.7 7.6 4.3 11.3 9.6 8.9 8.0 7.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 6.5 11.6 11.6 6.8 16.5 14.2 12.8 12.1 12.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2019

Nov.

2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,634 100,617 38,909 41,363 56,725 59,254

Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,515 6,791 2,190 3,396 2,325 3,395

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,246 2,068 700 1,094 546 974

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 325 674 203 419 122 256

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 921 1,394 497 676 424 718

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,279 6,690 4,046 3,195 4,233 3,496

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.2 4.5 4.8 4.0 5.6 4.9

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,601 3,776 2,471 1,969 2,130 1,807

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,167 1,675 734 548 1,433 1,127

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 295 279 217 176 78 103

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,186 899 605 474 581 425

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Change

from:

Oct.2020 -

Nov.2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,177 141,901 143,488 144,005 151,814 141,774 142,384 142,629 245

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,023 120,109 121,551 122,071 129,155 119,976 120,853 121,197 344

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,209 20,257 20,361 20,315 21,131 20,075 20,182 20,237 55

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 628 629 628 724 621 623 624 1

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 51.8 52.4 51.9 53.7 50.7 50.8 50.6 -0.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674.0 576.5 576.8 575.8 670.5 570.4 572.0 573.3 1.3

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.7 158.4 160.4 160.0 155.9 157.9 159.1 159.6 0.5

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.2 183.6 182.0 181.7 190.7 181.1 180.0 180.0 0.0

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 45.9 44.8 44.9 52.2 45.5 44.5 44.2 -0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 40.5 40.5 40.3 41.1 40.7 40.7 40.7 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 97.2 96.7 96.5 97.4 94.9 94.8 95.1 0.3

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.1 234.5 234.4 234.1 323.9 231.4 232.9 233.7 0.8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,609 7,424 7,512 7,430 7,539 7,261 7,333 7,360 27

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,680.5 1,642.3 1,667.4 1,654.4 1,670.4 1,626.0 1,644.4 1,649.3 4.9

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837.2 836.3 849.6 844.4 830.2 828.3 833.9 835.2 1.3

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843.3 806.0 817.8 810.0 840.2 797.7 810.5 814.1 3.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,104.6 1,068.9 1,085.1 1,055.2 1,086.3 1,007.7 1,020.6 1,030.1 9.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,823.9 4,713.0 4,759.4 4,720.8 4,781.8 4,627.5 4,668.0 4,680.9 12.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,106.7 2,109.4 2,138.5 2,130.5 2,091.1 2,083.0 2,098.0 2,112.1 14.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,717.2 2,603.6 2,620.9 2,590.3 2,690.7 2,544.5 2,570.0 2,568.8 -1.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,871 12,205 12,220 12,257 12,868 12,193 12,226 12,253 27

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,065 7,593 7,598 7,636 8,064 7,604 7,620 7,642 22

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.7 393.7 397.3 399.3 410.9 393.6 398.1 398.6 0.5

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.3 407.3 407.2 407.2 423.5 403.2 402.5 404.4 1.9

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.0 336.9 339.6 340.3 379.0 338.3 343.1 341.4 -1.7

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,490.2 1,390.4 1,393.0 1,394.3 1,489.7 1,396.9 1,401.2 1,399.2 -2.0

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115.7 1,044.3 1,047.6 1,050.7 1,119.3 1,049.9 1,052.9 1,054.8 1.9

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,090.9 1,085.8 1,087.6 1,089.4 1,092.3 1,088.1 1,089.7 1,089.4 -0.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 166.1 168.9 170.6 169.8 166.4 169.0 170.1 169.7 -0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.8 83.0 81.6 82.6 83.7 83.3 82.2 82.4 0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.3 371.8 372.8 372.3 378.9 372.7 373.2 372.9 -0.3

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.2 426.9 427.2 428.5 430.1 428.3 428.9 428.7 -0.2

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 35.2 35.4 36.2 33.1 34.8 35.3 35.7 0.4

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 405.5 379.9 377.9 377.2 405.1 379.8 378.2 377.0 -1.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739.0 1,606.3 1,592.9 1,617.9 1,739.1 1,603.9 1,599.8 1,617.6 17.8

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996.5 911.1 903.7 927.0 995.9 910.5 911.1 926.5 15.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.1 353.8 353.7 357.0 387.6 354.1 354.7 357.8 3.1

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619.6 594.8 600.8 603.1 617.9 596.0 599.3 601.8 2.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,806 4,612 4,622 4,621 4,804 4,589 4,606 4,611 5

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663.1 1,631.1 1,630.6 1,629.5 1,661.4 1,613.6 1,619.5 1,620.5 1.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.2 95.4 96.3 95.6 107.2 95.4 96.8 95.6 -1.2

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.2 104.4 104.2 104.3 112.6 104.1 103.7 103.8 0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.1 86.9 89.1 87.4 106.8 86.8 88.9 87.4 -1.5

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.7 355.3 353.5 354.8 365.0 356.6 355.0 355.6 0.6

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 423.4 365.2 368.4 371.4 421.3 364.8 367.4 369.2 1.8

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.8 106.2 106.8 104.1 113.5 103.5 105.4 104.2 -1.2

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.4 834.3 833.7 833.3 853.6 836.2 835.7 833.8 -1.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740.8 721.9 725.8 729.9 741.0 724.3 727.0 731.6 4.6

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.4 311.2 313.8 310.8 321.3 303.4 306.8 309.4 2.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,814 99,852 101,190 101,756 108,024 99,901 100,671 100,960 289

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,350 26,459 26,827 27,407 27,762 26,588 26,749 26,870 121

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,936.8 5,635.2 5,651.8 5,667.9 5,926.3 5,637.9 5,642.9 5,653.3 10.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,218.3 3,056.6 3,063.4 3,074.1 3,218.6 3,057.0 3,059.1 3,072.9 13.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,180.8 2,077.0 2,084.7 2,088.6 2,171.9 2,078.4 2,081.7 2,077.5 -4.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Change

from:

Oct.2020 -

Nov.2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537.7 501.6 503.7 505.2 535.8 502.5 502.1 502.9 0.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,080.2 14,941.9 15,185.5 15,487.6 15,630.8 15,061.7 15,156.8 15,122.1 -34.7

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,053.5 1,948.3 1,961.1 1,964.2 2,053.6 1,943.1 1,960.5 1,964.5 4.0

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301.7 1,215.8 1,224.9 1,226.6 1,302.2 1,212.8 1,222.0 1,225.7 3.7

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.4 157.4 156.9 154.0 166.4 155.7 158.7 157.9 -0.8

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 589.4 575.1 579.3 583.6 584.9 574.6 579.8 580.9 1.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 483.0 409.1 428.6 445.6 467.6 416.1 428.9 434.7 5.8

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 495.3 420.3 458.6 462.7 481.1 434.5 455.3 444.0 -11.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,272.2 1,388.6 1,383.4 1,375.2 1,302.7 1,401.1 1,402.8 1,405.7 2.9

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,119.2 3,132.1 3,152.3 3,176.1 3,092.1 3,142.1 3,146.8 3,150.6 3.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073.8 974.1 986.0 996.8 1,052.4 984.5 986.0 977.9 -8.1

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955.5 928.1 928.7 931.7 951.4 926.2 929.2 930.0 0.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,355.3 925.8 958.6 1,023.5 1,249.2 954.8 970.0 967.6 -2.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.1 449.4 460.0 476.1 542.1 458.3 457.3 445.2 -12.1

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,271.6 3,083.5 3,148.8 3,309.0 3,056.3 3,114.2 3,124.3 3,103.5 -20.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,200.7 1,010.2 1,054.9 1,125.0 1,085.0 1,035.3 1,039.6 1,025.8 -13.8

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,070.9 2,073.3 2,093.9 2,184.0 1,971.3 2,078.9 2,084.7 2,077.7 -7.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842.7 736.5 750.5 746.6 826.0 734.1 732.6 736.3 3.7

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577.0 546.1 568.9 580.1 556.3 552.7 563.1 562.1 -1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,786.0 5,343.5 5,451.9 5,712.7 5,658.0 5,348.4 5,410.4 5,555.4 145.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.3 404.5 386.4 387.4 507.2 404.7 386.0 388.8 2.8

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.9 146.3 145.2 145.2 165.8 146.2 145.0 144.8 -0.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 57.2 56.7 56.0 66.1 56.4 56.9 57.6 0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,539.7 1,470.1 1,476.2 1,483.9 1,529.8 1,454.3 1,461.7 1,474.4 12.7

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520.4 368.0 401.7 402.8 503.8 355.0 383.6 386.1 2.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 49.4 49.3 49.0 51.4 49.3 49.3 49.1 -0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 31.7 25.6 24.2 21.7 36.2 21.8 23.6 25.6 2.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 763.0 680.7 689.3 698.3 760.0 681.4 688.4 694.4 6.0

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.9 904.4 942.3 1,131.6 845.1 938.9 947.8 1,029.7 81.9

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,228.2 1,237.3 1,280.6 1,336.8 1,192.6 1,240.4 1,268.1 1,304.9 36.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.0 538.1 537.5 539.1 547.2 539.9 538.8 538.7 -0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,900 2,630 2,620 2,628 2,874 2,641 2,613 2,614 1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 767.7 741.0 739.6 740.4 764.9 737.0 739.0 737.7 -1.3

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462.3 276.2 262.4 262.6 445.7 283.9 256.4 258.0 1.6

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.4 245.1 246.0 247.8 264.8 244.2 246.0 247.2 1.2

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708.1 675.4 676.9 679.4 705.1 679.1 675.4 674.5 -0.9

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.8 335.5 338.5 338.5 345.2 337.7 338.3 337.3 -1.0

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349.2 357.2 356.4 359.2 348.5 358.7 358.2 359.4 1.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,805 8,683 8,726 8,735 8,804 8,685 8,715 8,730 15

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,466.3 6,471.7 6,498.8 6,512.0 6,457.9 6,482.2 6,497.3 6,504.6 7.3

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.6 19.9 19.9 19.8 19.6 19.9 19.9 20.0 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,664.4 2,653.8 2,665.8 2,677.8 2,664.1 2,661.9 2,671.3 2,679.0 7.7

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,776.2 1,753.0 1,750.8 1,752.5 1,779.7 1,761.1 1,759.1 1,756.7 -2.4

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,387.3 1,365.1 1,363.0 1,363.6 1,390.4 1,372.1 1,370.5 1,368.1 -2.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 581.7 589.3 597.4 604.2 579.0 587.4 595.0 603.2 8.2

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 306.5 311.5 317.6 321.1 305.4 313.4 317.2 319.1 1.9

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 967.1 973.4 979.0 974.1 966.7 974.4 974.8 973.7 -1.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,815.2 2,824.6 2,834.1 2,840.3 2,807.5 2,826.0 2,831.3 2,831.9 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,338.8 2,211.7 2,226.7 2,223.0 2,345.6 2,202.7 2,217.5 2,225.8 8.3

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,740.2 1,698.6 1,715.0 1,718.0 1,740.4 1,696.7 1,706.5 1,716.6 10.1

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.1 490.2 488.4 481.7 581.7 482.9 487.8 486.0 -1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Change

from:

Oct.2020 -

Nov.2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.5 22.9 23.3 23.3 23.5 23.1 23.2 23.2 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,727 20,273 20,659 20,709 21,481 20,198 20,429 20,489 60

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,682.3 9,297.6 9,436.9 9,454.4 9,649.9 9,388.6 9,442.6 9,438.0 -4.6

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,159.4 1,107.6 1,121.2 1,127.0 1,157.1 1,113.2 1,119.1 1,124.1 5.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,013.0 944.6 964.5 979.9 1,031.9 1,010.2 1,011.0 1,008.6 -2.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,528.9 1,501.6 1,512.9 1,505.2 1,526.2 1,500.9 1,504.8 1,503.0 -1.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.1 134.3 138.3 138.0 145.8 134.7 137.8 137.1 -0.7

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,251.0 2,164.8 2,201.0 2,197.3 2,235.8 2,177.0 2,189.9 2,182.3 -7.6

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,570.8 1,502.4 1,533.4 1,533.5 1,553.5 1,503.3 1,517.2 1,516.4 -0.8

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742.8 750.7 761.1 766.7 741.8 755.2 764.0 767.6 3.6

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 497.5 444.1 447.3 446.8 495.6 445.9 445.3 445.7 0.4

Other professional and technical services. . . 770.8 747.5 757.2 760.0 762.2 748.2 753.5 753.2 -0.3

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,445.7 2,353.1 2,356.3 2,354.7 2,445.0 2,356.4 2,358.7 2,354.2 -4.5

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,598.5 8,622.4 8,865.6 8,899.9 9,385.7 8,453.0 8,627.2 8,696.7 69.5

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,134.6 8,163.2 8,406.2 8,440.3 8,921.6 7,996.2 8,168.8 8,237.7 68.9

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 530.8 508.8 512.4 513.8 529.4 509.4 509.8 512.0 2.2

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.6 154.6 155.6 154.0 166.4 154.0 154.0 153.8 -0.2

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,825.1 3,202.5 3,414.8 3,473.2 3,649.1 3,124.7 3,264.4 3,304.5 40.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,107.2 2,559.5 2,748.7 2,801.4 2,945.5 2,491.4 2,614.4 2,646.6 32.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893.2 779.2 791.3 804.8 869.8 780.1 780.0 785.1 5.1

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.7 155.4 154.3 151.3 221.8 154.6 154.3 151.6 -2.7

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 967.3 914.1 920.0 924.6 961.0 904.5 916.3 918.0 1.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,184.2 2,148.8 2,155.8 2,115.4 2,176.2 2,072.6 2,094.3 2,108.5 14.2

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.7 299.8 302.0 303.2 347.8 296.3 295.7 304.2 8.5

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.9 459.2 459.4 459.6 464.1 456.8 458.4 459.0 0.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,682 23,148 23,485 23,590 24,436 23,214 23,276 23,330 54

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,991.8 3,443.6 3,607.5 3,625.8 3,806.7 3,471.7 3,442.6 3,436.9 -5.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,690.6 19,704.5 19,877.6 19,964.4 20,628.9 19,742.5 19,833.8 19,893.4 59.6

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,462.3 15,850.4 15,962.8 16,026.0 16,419.2 15,867.3 15,933.8 15,979.8 46.0

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,816.7 7,550.6 7,643.4 7,707.0 7,792.7 7,567.1 7,627.6 7,679.3 51.7

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,712.2 2,632.6 2,663.6 2,691.1 2,702.5 2,639.8 2,659.4 2,680.3 20.9

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977.1 941.2 957.4 963.7 974.9 943.9 957.9 960.8 2.9

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 982.3 911.5 925.7 933.7 978.8 915.3 923.3 931.1 7.8

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973.2 959.9 974.7 982.2 972.5 963.7 976.4 981.9 5.5

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 289.8 277.9 281.8 283.9 289.6 278.0 282.9 283.3 0.4

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,563.1 1,522.0 1,534.5 1,546.8 1,555.6 1,522.1 1,525.7 1,538.7 13.0

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.0 305.5 305.7 305.6 318.8 304.3 302.0 303.2 1.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,249.1 5,139.4 5,165.6 5,174.5 5,236.8 5,138.9 5,156.1 5,160.8 4.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,396.5 3,160.4 3,153.8 3,144.5 3,389.7 3,161.3 3,150.1 3,139.7 -10.4

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,599.7 1,464.9 1,459.2 1,449.8 1,594.7 1,463.5 1,457.2 1,445.1 -12.1

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 650.9 621.2 622.0 622.6 651.2 622.5 622.1 621.9 -0.2

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979.0 916.0 914.4 915.0 977.0 917.1 912.7 915.6 2.9

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 166.9 158.3 158.2 157.1 166.8 158.2 158.1 157.1 -1.0

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,228.3 3,854.1 3,914.8 3,938.4 4,209.7 3,875.2 3,900.0 3,913.6 13.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,673.5 2,536.4 2,571.9 2,588.2 2,668.5 2,554.7 2,568.3 2,579.5 11.2

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 186.1 180.1 180.5 185.8 185.8 181.0 181.8 185.3 3.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 324.9 281.6 284.0 282.5 324.4 283.4 285.2 283.2 -2.0

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,043.8 856.0 878.4 881.9 1,031.1 856.1 864.7 865.6 0.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,439 13,214 13,372 13,189 16,744 13,117 13,387 13,418 31

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,298.1 1,723.2 1,720.9 1,673.3 2,469.3 1,696.5 1,739.4 1,782.5 43.1

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 503.6 285.7 306.4 312.0 517.7 275.9 299.2 320.6 21.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.6 132.5 134.1 132.6 176.3 131.3 133.6 136.6 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Change

from:

Oct.2020 -

Nov.2020p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,622.9 1,305.0 1,280.4 1,228.7 1,775.3 1,289.3 1,306.6 1,325.3 18.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,141.0 11,490.9 11,651.0 11,515.9 14,274.6 11,420.7 11,647.8 11,635.9 -11.9

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,028.7 1,442.1 1,424.6 1,382.5 2,090.6 1,403.5 1,438.6 1,444.1 5.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,112.3 10,048.8 10,226.4 10,133.4 12,184.0 10,017.2 10,209.2 10,191.8 -17.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,911 5,445 5,501 5,498 5,923 5,458 5,502 5,509 7

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365.4 1,312.9 1,328.9 1,329.4 1,368.7 1,312.6 1,326.3 1,331.7 5.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,531.2 1,259.6 1,288.0 1,287.5 1,529.3 1,260.0 1,286.5 1,287.6 1.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,014.0 2,872.1 2,884.5 2,881.1 3,024.5 2,885.7 2,889.3 2,889.5 0.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,154 21,792 21,937 21,934 22,659 21,798 21,531 21,432 -99

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,858.0 3,132 2,987 2,907 2,850.0 3,128 2,986 2,900 -86

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,243.8 2,530.4 2,384.5 2,292.7 2,243.7 2,523.9 2,382.1 2,295.8 -86.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.5 601.3 602.0 613.9 605.8 603.6 603.7 604.5 0.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,379.0 4,981 5,036 5,038 5,181.0 4,921 4,854 4,854 0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,682.0 2,281.8 2,340.4 2,354.9 2,478.5 2,223.7 2,159.9 2,164.4 4.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,696.5 2,699.5 2,695.2 2,683.1 2,702.0 2,697.7 2,694.0 2,689.9 -4.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,917.0 13,679 13,914 13,989 14,628.0 13,749 13,691 13,678 -13

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,375.7 7,408.8 7,639.2 7,694.5 8,031.8 7,465.5 7,374.7 7,354.0 -20.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,541.5 6,270.2 6,275.0 6,294.0 6,595.9 6,283.0 6,316.6 6,323.8 7.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.3 34.8 34.8 34.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.1 39.8 40.0 39.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.7 44.2 44.4 44.5

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 38.8 38.8 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.4 40.2 40.5 40.3

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.9 40.5 40.6 40.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.7 39.8 40.2 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.7 33.8 33.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.0 34.3 34.4 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 38.6 38.7 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 30.9 30.9 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.2 38.7 39.0 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 42.8 42.9 43.3

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.5 36.8 36.8

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.6 37.8 37.8

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.5 36.6 36.6

Education and health services.................................................. 33.1 33.5 33.5 33.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.8 26.1 26.0 25.8

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 32.4 32.5 32.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Total private............................................... $28.34 $29.47 $29.49 $29.58 $972.06 $1,025.56 $1,026.25 $1,029.38

Goods-producing....................................... 29.34 30.13 30.12 30.21 1,176.53 1,199.17 1,204.80 1,205.38

Mining and logging.................................. 34.57 35.22 35.22 34.86 1,579.85 1,556.72 1,563.77 1,551.27

Construction.......................................... 31.09 31.82 31.86 31.94 1,215.62 1,234.62 1,236.17 1,242.47

Manufacturing........................................ 28.02 28.88 28.83 28.94 1,132.01 1,160.98 1,167.62 1,166.28

Durable goods.................................... 29.50 30.28 30.33 30.38 1,206.55 1,226.34 1,231.40 1,230.39

Nondurable goods................................ 25.46 26.52 26.33 26.51 1,010.76 1,055.50 1,058.47 1,057.75

Private service-providing.............................. 28.10 29.31 29.34 29.43 932.92 987.75 991.69 991.79

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.52 25.57 25.44 25.48 833.68 877.05 875.14 876.51

Wholesale trade.................................. 31.74 32.55 32.67 32.72 1,237.86 1,256.43 1,264.33 1,262.99

Retail trade........................................ 20.00 21.40 21.08 21.09 606.00 661.26 651.37 651.68

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.85 25.53 25.55 25.61 949.27 988.01 996.45 993.67

Utilities............................................. 41.89 44.12 44.38 44.60 1,780.33 1,888.34 1,903.90 1,931.18

Information........................................... 42.58 43.90 44.74 44.59 1,545.65 1,602.35 1,646.43 1,640.91

Financial activities................................... 36.40 38.21 38.66 38.90 1,372.28 1,436.70 1,461.35 1,470.42

Professional and business services.............. 34.17 35.24 35.26 35.33 1,233.54 1,286.26 1,290.52 1,293.08

Education and health services..................... 27.87 28.60 28.61 28.74 922.50 958.10 958.44 962.79

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.76 17.03 17.06 17.05 432.41 444.48 443.56 439.89

Other services....................................... 25.48 26.40 26.32 26.47 812.81 855.36 855.40 857.63

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2020 -

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2020 -

Nov.

2020p

Total private..................................... 111.2 104.8 105.6 105.9 0.3 150.7 147.7 148.9 149.7 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 96.5 91.0 92.0 92.0 0.0 128.0 124.0 125.2 125.6 0.3

Mining and logging........................ 104.0 86.2 86.9 87.3 0.5 144.3 122.0 122.9 122.1 -0.7

Construction................................ 101.6 97.1 98.1 98.7 0.6 137.3 134.3 135.8 137.0 0.9

Manufacturing.............................. 93.5 88.2 89.1 88.8 -0.3 121.9 118.4 119.4 119.6 0.2

Durable goods........................... 92.9 86.7 87.1 87.1 0.0 121.7 116.6 117.3 117.6 0.3

Nondurable goods...................... 95.2 91.2 92.4 91.8 -0.6 123.0 122.7 123.5 123.5 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 115.5 108.4 109.5 109.5 0.0 157.7 154.4 156.2 156.7 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.0 99.5 100.4 100.9 0.5 136.2 137.2 137.7 138.6 0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 102.0 96.0 96.3 96.3 0.0 135.4 130.7 131.6 131.7 0.1

Retail trade.............................. 96.2 94.5 95.1 94.9 -0.2 127.1 133.7 132.5 132.2 -0.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 124.2 118.9 121.2 123.9 2.2 157.0 154.5 157.6 161.4 2.4

Utilities.................................... 100.6 100.0 100.0 100.9 0.9 139.3 145.7 146.6 148.7 1.4

Information................................. 95.3 88.0 87.8 87.9 0.1 144.4 137.6 139.9 139.5 -0.3

Financial activities......................... 108.8 107.0 107.9 108.1 0.2 154.4 159.5 162.8 164.1 0.8

Professional and business services..... 121.6 115.6 117.2 117.6 0.3 168.2 164.9 167.4 168.2 0.5

Education and health services........... 132.1 127.0 127.3 127.6 0.2 177.1 174.7 175.2 176.4 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 123.3 97.7 99.3 98.8 -0.5 166.7 134.2 136.7 135.9 -0.6

Other services............................. 108.9 102.0 103.1 102.9 -0.2 152.1 147.5 148.7 149.3 0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Total nonfarm............................................. 75,896 70,536 70,851 71,019 50.0 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private............................................ 62,804 58,007 58,472 58,666 48.6 48.3 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,755 4,539 4,568 4,580 22.5 22.6 22.6 22.6

Mining and logging............................... 96 92 92 89 13.3 14.8 14.8 14.3

Construction....................................... 983 969 974 978 13.0 13.3 13.3 13.3

Manufacturing..................................... 3,676 3,478 3,502 3,513 28.6 28.5 28.6 28.7

Durable goods.................................. 1,951 1,854 1,861 1,870 24.2 24.4 24.4 24.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,725 1,624 1,641 1,643 35.9 35.4 35.6 35.6

Private service-providing........................... 58,049 53,468 53,904 54,086 53.7 53.5 53.5 53.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,117 10,472 10,511 10,577 40.0 39.4 39.3 39.4

Wholesale trade................................ 1,786.0 1,693.2 1,694.9 1,697.4 30.1 30.0 30.0 30.0

Retail trade..................................... 7,743.2 7,330.4 7,349.8 7,343.3 49.5 48.7 48.5 48.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,456.4 1,313.5 1,332.9 1,402.2 25.7 24.6 24.6 25.2

Utilities........................................... 131.8 134.9 133.7 134.0 24.1 25.0 24.8 24.9

Information......................................... 1,145 1,055 1,053 1,049 39.8 39.9 40.3 40.1

Financial activities................................ 4,979 4,903 4,933 4,940 56.6 56.5 56.6 56.6

Professional and business services............ 9,825 9,275 9,393 9,430 45.7 45.9 46.0 46.0

Education and health services.................. 18,919 17,910 17,965 18,033 77.4 77.2 77.2 77.3

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,906 6,979 7,144 7,157 53.2 53.2 53.4 53.3

Other services..................................... 3,158 2,874 2,905 2,900 53.3 52.7 52.8 52.6

Government............................................. 13,092 12,529 12,379 12,353 57.8 57.5 57.5 57.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Total private............................................................................... 106,156 97,650 98,514 98,812

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,114 14,222 14,324 14,385

Mining and logging.................................................................. 524 440 439 441

Construction.......................................................................... 5,612 5,340 5,420 5,452

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,978 8,442 8,465 8,492

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,536 5,153 5,162 5,188

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,442 3,289 3,303 3,304

Private service-providing.............................................................. 91,042 83,428 84,190 84,427

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,444 22,441 22,625 22,732

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,742.5 4,480.3 4,489.3 4,491.6

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,314.7 12,875.1 12,960.9 12,906.8

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,948.0 4,658.7 4,747.2 4,905.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 438.6 426.9 427.3 427.9

Information............................................................................ 2,310 2,085 2,062 2,060

Financial activities................................................................... 6,806 6,608 6,626 6,648

Professional and business services............................................... 17,429 16,216 16,448 16,503

Education and health services..................................................... 21,456 20,340 20,393 20,447

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,703 11,296 11,551 11,554

Other services........................................................................ 4,894 4,442 4,485 4,483

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.5 34.1 34.2 34.2

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.8 40.5 40.6 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.5 44.7 45.2 45.5

Construction....................................................................... 39.4 39.3 39.1 39.0

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.4 41.1 41.3 41.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.8 41.3 41.4 41.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.8 40.7 41.0 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 33.0 33.1 33.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 34.2 34.5 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.4 38.5 38.4

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.9 30.9 31.0 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.9 38.4 39.3 39.1

Utilities........................................................................... 42.9 43.0 42.7 42.8

Information......................................................................... 35.1 36.2 36.5 37.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.3 37.3 37.1

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.9 36.1 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.8 32.8 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.7 24.7 24.7 24.4

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 31.4 31.4 31.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.0

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.0

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.9

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Total private............................................... $23.81 $24.76 $24.80 $24.87 $797.64 $844.32 $848.16 $850.55

Goods-producing....................................... 24.98 25.47 25.58 25.66 1,019.18 1,031.54 1,038.55 1,039.23

Mining and logging.................................. 30.55 30.39 30.31 29.93 1,420.58 1,358.43 1,370.01 1,361.82

Construction.......................................... 28.72 29.09 29.41 29.54 1,131.57 1,143.24 1,149.93 1,152.06

Manufacturing........................................ 22.39 23.00 22.99 23.06 926.95 945.30 949.49 950.07

Durable goods.................................... 23.34 23.99 24.06 24.12 975.61 990.79 996.08 1,000.98

Nondurable goods................................ 20.81 21.43 21.30 21.37 849.05 872.20 873.30 874.03

Private service-providing.............................. 23.57 24.62 24.64 24.70 761.31 812.46 815.58 817.57

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.88 21.49 21.59 21.63 701.57 734.96 744.86 744.07

Wholesale trade.................................. 26.33 26.97 27.01 27.12 1,016.34 1,035.65 1,039.89 1,041.41

Retail trade........................................ 16.86 17.76 17.83 17.82 504.11 548.78 552.73 550.64

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.48 22.72 22.94 22.90 851.99 872.45 901.54 895.39

Utilities............................................. 36.97 39.02 39.11 39.43 1,586.01 1,677.86 1,670.00 1,687.60

Information........................................... 34.43 36.08 36.41 36.34 1,208.49 1,306.10 1,328.97 1,344.58

Financial activities................................... 28.02 29.47 29.62 29.66 1,036.74 1,099.23 1,104.83 1,100.39

Professional and business services.............. 28.23 29.42 29.29 29.36 999.34 1,056.18 1,057.37 1,059.90

Education and health services..................... 24.63 25.52 25.57 25.65 793.09 837.06 838.70 843.89

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.73 14.75 14.80 14.67 363.83 364.33 365.56 357.95

Other services....................................... 21.62 22.41 22.45 22.60 665.90 703.67 704.93 709.64

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2020 -

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020p

Nov.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2020 -

Nov.

2020p

Total private..................................... 118.5 111.0 112.3 112.6 0.3 188.6 183.6 186.1 187.2 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 94.2 88.0 88.9 89.0 0.1 144.1 137.3 139.2 139.9 0.5

Mining and logging........................ 129.5 104.5 105.4 106.6 1.1 230.1 184.7 185.9 185.6 -0.2

Construction................................ 110.7 105.1 106.1 106.5 0.4 171.7 165.1 168.5 169.8 0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 85.3 79.6 80.3 80.3 0.0 124.9 119.8 120.7 121.1 0.3

Durable goods........................... 87.0 80.0 80.3 80.9 0.7 126.7 119.8 120.6 121.8 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 82.7 78.9 79.8 79.6 -0.3 121.7 119.4 120.1 120.2 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 125.3 117.3 118.7 119.1 0.3 202.6 198.1 200.7 201.7 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.2 107.3 109.2 109.4 0.2 164.4 164.8 168.4 169.0 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 108.6 102.1 102.6 102.4 -0.2 168.8 162.5 163.5 163.9 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 100.7 100.7 101.7 100.9 -0.8 145.6 153.2 155.3 154.1 -0.8

Transportation and warehousing...... 141.9 135.4 141.2 145.2 2.8 203.1 195.8 206.2 211.6 2.6

Utilities.................................... 96.2 93.9 93.3 93.7 0.4 148.5 152.9 152.3 154.1 1.2

Information................................. 92.5 86.1 85.9 87.0 1.3 157.7 153.9 154.8 156.5 1.1

Financial activities......................... 118.5 116.0 116.3 116.1 -0.2 204.3 210.3 212.0 211.8 -0.1

Professional and business services..... 138.0 130.2 132.8 133.2 0.3 231.6 227.7 231.2 232.6 0.6

Education and health services........... 147.3 142.2 142.6 143.4 0.6 239.5 239.6 240.7 242.8 0.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 133.0 102.2 104.5 103.3 -1.1 222.5 171.2 175.6 172.0 -2.1

Other services............................. 105.7 97.8 98.8 98.7 -0.1 166.5 159.7 161.6 162.6 0.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.