2

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: 691-6555

http://www.bls.gov/ces/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 03-203

Transmission of material in this release is

embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),

Friday, May 2, 2003.

2001 2002 2003

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

Percent

Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

May 2000 - April 2003

Chart 1.

0.0

2001 2002 2003

122.0

124.0

126.0

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

Millions

 Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,

 May 2000 - April 2003

 Chart 2.

0.0

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 2003

The unemployment rate rose to 6.0 percent in April, and nonfarm payroll employment edged down by

48,000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. In April, job

losses continued in manufacturing, some travel-related industries, and department stores.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The number of unemployed persons increased to 8.8 million in April, and the unemployment rate rose

from 5.8 to 6.0 percent. The unemployment rate has ranged from 5.6 to 6.0 percent since November 2001.

The unemployment rate for adult men increased by 0.3 percentage point to 5.6 percent in April. Jobless

rates for adult women (5.1 percent), teenagers (18.0 percent), whites (5.2 percent), blacks or African

Americans (10.9 percent), and Hispanics or Latinos (7.5 percent) showed little or no change. The unemployment rate for Asians was 5.8 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Total employment, as measured by the household survey, edged up to 137.7 million in April; the employment-population ratio was essentially unchanged at 62.4 percent. The civilian labor force increased by

680,000 over the month to 146.5 million, after seasonal adjustment. The labor force participation rate rose

by 0.2 percentage point to 66.4 percent, 0.7 percentage point below the rate at the start of the recession.

(See table A-1.)
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Quarterly averages Monthly data Mar.-

Category 2002 2003 1 2003 Apr.

IV I Feb. Mar. Apr. change 

HOUSEHOLD DATA Labor force status

Civilian labor force............................. 145,241 145,829 145,857 145,793 146,473 680

Employment................................... 136,657 137,430 137,408 137,348 137,687 339

Unemployment.............................. 8,584 8,399 8,450 8,445 8,786 341

Not in labor force............................... 73,302 74,280 74,257 74,524 74,067 -457

All workers......................................... 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.0 0.2

Adult men...................................... 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.6 .3

Adult women................................. 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 .1

Teenagers..................................... 16.1 17.2 17.1 17.7 18.0 .3

White 2 ............................................ 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.2 .1

Black or African American 2........ 10.7 10.3 10.5 10.2 10.9 .7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 .0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Nonfarm employment......................... 130,795 p130,596 130,520 p130,396 p130,348 p-48

Goods-producing 3

 ........................... 23,623 p23,488 23,463 p23,439 p23,366 p-73

Construction............................ 6,544 p6,540 6,519 p6,538 p6,556 p18

Manufacturing......................... 16,528 p16,394 16,389 p16,346 p16,251 p-95

Service-producing 3 ...................... 107,172 p107,108 107,057 p106,957 p106,982 p25

Retail trade............................... 23,229 p23,179 23,150 p23,117 p23,107 p-10

Services.................................... 41,419 p41,433 41,403 p41,374 p41,395 p21

Government.............................. 21,357 p21,366 21,384 p21,348 p21,380 p32

Hours of work 4

Total private........................................ 34.2 p34.2 34.1 p34.3 p34.0 p-0.3

Manufacturing................................... 40.7 p40.8 40.8 p40.8 p40.5 p-.3

Overtime......................................... 4.1 p4.1 4.1 p4.0 p3.9 p-.1

Total private........................................ 147.9 p147.7 147.0 p147.7 p146.6 p-1.1

Earnings 4

Average hourly earnings,

total private................................... $14.94 p$15.05 $15.08 p$15.09 p$15.11 p$0.02

Average weekly earnings,

total private................................... 510.45 p515.33 514.23 p517.59 p513.74 p-3.85

 1 Beginning in January 2003, household data reflect revised population controls used in the Current 

Population Survey.

 2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only were included in this category. Persons 

who selected more than one race group are included only in the "all workers" total. Prior to 2003, persons 

who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. 

 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

 4 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.

 p=preliminary.

Unemployment rates

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 4

Employment
3

In April, 4.8 million persons were working part time even though they would have preferred a full-time

schedule. The number of such workers increased by about 600,000 over the year. (See table A-5.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

In April, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, the same as a year earlier.

These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12

months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they did not actively search for work in

the 4 weeks preceding the survey. There were 437,000 discouraged workers in April, up from 320,000 in

April 2002. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work

specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged down by 48,000 in April to 130.3 million, seasonally adjusted.

This followed 2 months of job losses totaling 477,000 (as revised). Over the month, employment declined

sharply in manufacturing, department stores, and three travel-related industries—amusements and recreation,

hotels, and air transportation. (See table B-1.)

Manufacturing job losses totaled 95,000 in April, more than twice the average monthly decline for the

prior 12 months (-40,000). Motor vehicles and equipment (-23,000) accounted for about one-quarter of

the April decline in factory employment. This industry has lost 150,000 jobs since its most recent employment peak in June 2000. In April, job declines in a number of other manufacturing industries also exceeded

their prior 12-month averages. Among these industries were lumber, furniture, fabricated metals, textiles,

apparel, and paper. Employment continued to fall in electronic and electrical equipment.

Several travel-related industries continued to lose jobs in April. Employment in amusement and recreation services and in hotels decreased by 41,000 and 20,000, respectively, on a seasonally adjusted basis.

Employment also continued to decline in air transportation, an industry that has lost 177,000 jobs since its

employment peak in January 2001. Recent weakness has been concentrated in the passenger component

of air transportation.

Overall employment in the services industry was little changed in April following 2 months of declines.

The job losses in hotels and amusements were offset by job gains in other services industries. Employment

increased over the month in legal services, engineering and management services, agricultural services, and

health services. Employment growth in health services has slowed this year, with average monthly job gains

thus far in 2003 about half the average for 2002.

Construction employment edged up in April (18,000), with most of the gains among general building

contractors (13,000). General building contractors have added 39,000 jobs since employment reached

a recent low point in July 2002. Residential building contractors have accounted for all of that growth.

Within finance, mortgage banking employment was essentially flat for the second month in a row. From

January 2001 to February 2003, this industry added 123,000 workers, accounting for all the net growth in

the finance industry.

Employment in retail trade was little changed in April, following declines in the prior 2 months. Department stores lost 34,000 jobs over the month. These losses were partially offset by job gains in eating and

drinking places (28,000).
4

In government, employment in local education rose by 28,000 in April, more than offsetting a loss of

23,000 jobs (as revised) in the previous 2 months. Employment elsewhere in government was little changed

over the month.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined

by 0.3 hour in April to 34.0 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek also declined by 0.3

hour to 40.5 hours. Manufacturing overtime was down by 0.1 hour to 3.9 hours. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.7 percent in April to 146.6 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by

1.3 percent to 88.8 in April and has declined by 4.4 percent in the past year. (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased

by 2 cents in April to $15.11, seasonally adjusted. Reflecting the decline in weekly hours, average weekly

earnings decreased by 0.7 percent to $513.74. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.1

percent and average weekly earnings grew by 2.5 percent. (See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for May 2003 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 6, at 8:30 A.M.

(EDT).

 Impact of the Call-Up of Military Reservists on the Employment Data

 According to information released by the U.S. Department of Defense, about 220,000 reservists had been called to active duty as of early April. BLS is unable to quantify the impact of this

call-up on its employment figures.

With regard to the payroll survey:

• In concept, persons on active military duty for the entire survey reference period are not

included on employer payrolls.

• Some reservists would have held jobs not covered by the payroll survey—such as the selfemployed or those in agriculture—and others may not have held jobs at all.

• If reservists are replaced by new workers on an employer’s payroll, there would be no net

change in the number of jobs counted. If reservists are not replaced, a net decline in the

employer’s job count would result.

With regard to the household survey:

 The Current Population Survey measures only the civilian noninstitutional population. Also,

the population levels to which the labor force estimates are controlled are not adjusted to reflect

the call-up of reservists. As a result, the survey will not register the impact of these call-ups.
5

 Revisions to the Establishment Survey Data in June 2003

 With the release of May data on June 6, BLS will introduce several major changes to the establishment

survey, which are described below. In addition, the establishment-based series on nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings will reflect the annual benchmark adjustments for March 2002 and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

NAICS conversion. All nonfarm payroll series, produced from the Current Employment Statistics

(CES) program, will be converted from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system to the

2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) with the release of May 2003 estimates.

The NAICS conversion involves major definitional changes to many of the currently published SIC-based

series. After the conversion to NAICS, SIC-based series will no longer be produced or published. Historical time series will be reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process. All published series will

have a NAICS-based history extending back to at least January 1990. For total nonfarm and other highlevel aggregates, NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current starting date for these series. For

more detailed series, the starting date will vary depending on the scope of the definitional changes between

SIC and NAICS. The NAICS-based reconstruction effort will cover all CES published data types: all

employees, women workers, production workers, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and

derivative series (for example, indexes of aggregate weekly hours).

Completion of the CES sample redesign. June 6, 2003, also will mark the completion of the CES

sample redesign phase-in. The redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a probability-based

sample. In June 2003, the services industries will be converted to the new sample design; all other private

sector industries already have been converted. The final stage of the sample redesign phase-in may result in

level shifts for average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women worker series.

New levels for these series are being recomputed from the NAICS-based probability sample.

Concurrent seasonal adjustment. Also beginning in June 2003, the CES program will convert to

concurrent seasonal adjustment, which uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the current

month, in developing seasonal factors. Currently, the CES program projects seasonal factors twice a year.

With the introduction of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish seasonal factors for CES

national estimates.

Change to federal government series. Beginning in June 2003, the CES series for federal

government employment will be revised slightly in scope and definition due to a change in source data and

estimation methods. The current national series is an end-of-month federal employee count produced by the

Office of Personnel Management, and it excludes some workers, mostly employees who work in Department

of Defense-owned establishments such as military base commissaries. The CES national series will include

these workers starting in June. Also, federal government employment will be estimated from a sample of

federal establishments, will be benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records,

and will reflect employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other

CES industry series. The historical time series for federal government employment will be revised to reflect

these changes.

Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is available through the BLS public

database on the Internet, via the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555.
Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household

survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and

unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by

the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with State agencies. In June 2002, the sample included over 300,000

establishments employing about 37 million people.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period

including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the

labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and

the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or

expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and

closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very

large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of

the month-to-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for

the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently

adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components;
this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained

by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons,

or more detailed age categories.

The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are

recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are

calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal

adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced

along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period.

In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000

(100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results

are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent

chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within this interval.

Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with

confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the

reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within

the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this

case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise

had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent,

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in

unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the

unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for

this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is

only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly

all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered

final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as

bias adjustment is included in the survey’s estimating procedures,

whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly samplebased change. The size of the monthly bias adjustment is based largely

on past relationships between the sample-based estimates

of employment and the total counts of employment described

below.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from

zero to 0.7 percent.

Additional statistics and other information

More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and

Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per

issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check

or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by

charging to Mastercard or Visa.

Employment and Earnings also provides measures of

sampling error for the household survey data published in this

release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these

measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its “Explanatory Notes.”

Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the

establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that

publication.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired

individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message

referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 217,006 220,317 220,540 217,006 218,741 219,897 220,114 220,317 220,540

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 144,158 145,801 145,925 144,763 145,150 145,838 145,857 145,793 146,473

 Participation rate ............................................................... 66.4 66.2 66.2 66.7 66.4 66.3 66.3 66.2 66.4

 Employed .............................................................................. 135,903 136,783 137,424 136,196 136,439 137,536 137,408 137,348 137,687

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 62.6 62.1 62.3 62.8 62.4 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.4

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 8,255 9,018 8,501 8,567 8,711 8,302 8,450 8,445 8,786

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.7 6.2 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 72,848 74,516 74,615 72,243 73,591 74,059 74,257 74,524 74,067

 Persons who currently want a job ......................................... 4,554 4,763 4,373 4,581 4,546 4,676 4,462 5,020 4,417

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 104,293 106,005 106,123 104,293 105,195 105,767 105,895 106,005 106,123

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 77,026 77,533 77,796 77,387 77,492 77,693 77,927 77,738 78,122

 Participation rate ............................................................... 73.9 73.1 73.3 74.2 73.7 73.5 73.6 73.3 73.6

 Employed .............................................................................. 72,483 72,304 72,905 72,780 72,690 72,994 73,249 73,064 73,182

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 69.5 68.2 68.7 69.8 69.1 69.0 69.2 68.9 69.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 4,543 5,228 4,891 4,607 4,801 4,699 4,678 4,674 4,940

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.9 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.3

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 27,267 28,473 28,327 26,906 27,703 28,074 27,968 28,268 28,001

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 96,116 97,869 97,979 96,116 97,139 97,635 97,762 97,869 97,979

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 73,439 74,208 74,504 73,525 73,744 73,993 74,254 74,236 74,571

 Participation rate ............................................................... 76.4 75.8 76.0 76.5 75.9 75.8 76.0 75.9 76.1

 Employed .............................................................................. 69,522 69,679 70,259 69,627 69,600 69,967 70,293 70,293 70,364

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 72.3 71.2 71.7 72.4 71.6 71.7 71.9 71.8 71.8

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,917 4,528 4,245 3,898 4,145 4,026 3,962 3,944 4,207

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.3 6.1 5.7 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.6

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 22,677 23,661 23,475 22,591 23,394 23,642 23,508 23,632 23,408

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 112,713 114,312 114,417 112,713 113,546 114,130 114,219 114,312 114,417

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 67,132 68,269 68,130 67,376 67,658 68,144 67,930 68,055 68,351

 Participation rate ............................................................... 59.6 59.7 59.5 59.8 59.6 59.7 59.5 59.5 59.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 63,420 64,479 64,519 63,416 63,749 64,542 64,159 64,284 64,505

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 56.3 56.4 56.4 56.3 56.1 56.6 56.2 56.2 56.4

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,712 3,790 3,610 3,960 3,909 3,603 3,772 3,771 3,846

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.6 5.5 5.6

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 45,580 46,043 46,288 45,337 45,888 45,985 46,289 46,257 46,066

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 104,871 106,411 106,510 104,871 105,678 106,235 106,322 106,411 106,510

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 63,616 64,877 64,696 63,616 64,036 64,479 64,310 64,477 64,677

 Participation rate ............................................................... 60.7 61.0 60.7 60.7 60.6 60.7 60.5 60.6 60.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 60,422 61,592 61,595 60,237 60,676 61,443 61,073 61,227 61,401

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 57.6 57.9 57.8 57.4 57.4 57.8 57.4 57.5 57.6

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,194 3,285 3,101 3,379 3,360 3,035 3,237 3,250 3,276

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.3 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.1

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 41,254 41,533 41,814 41,255 41,642 41,757 42,013 41,933 41,834

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 16,019 16,038 16,051 16,019 15,925 16,027 16,030 16,038 16,051

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,103 6,717 6,726 7,622 7,369 7,366 7,293 7,079 7,226

 Participation rate ............................................................... 44.3 41.9 41.9 47.6 46.3 46.0 45.5 44.1 45.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,959 5,512 5,570 6,331 6,164 6,125 6,042 5,829 5,923

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 37.2 34.4 34.7 39.5 38.7 38.2 37.7 36.3 36.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,144 1,205 1,155 1,290 1,206 1,241 1,251 1,251 1,303

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 16.1 17.9 17.2 16.9 16.4 16.8 17.1 17.7 18.0

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 8,916 9,321 9,325 8,397 8,555 8,661 8,736 8,959 8,825

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

WHITE 2

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 179,398 180,728 180,873 179,398 180,580 180,460 180,599 180,728 180,873

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 119,631 120,201 120,195 120,059 120,093 120,084 120,166 120,200 120,575

 Participation rate ................................................................. 66.7 66.5 66.5 66.9 66.5 66.5 66.5 66.5 66.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 113,583 113,630 114,057 113,834 113,910 113,995 114,135 114,089 114,286

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 63.3 62.9 63.1 63.5 63.1 63.2 63.2 63.1 63.2

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 6,048 6,572 6,138 6,225 6,184 6,089 6,031 6,111 6,289

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.2

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 59,767 60,526 60,679 59,339 60,487 60,376 60,432 60,528 60,298

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 61,885 62,214 62,432 61,957 62,112 62,003 62,235 62,269 62,500

 Participation rate ................................................................. 76.7 76.3 76.5 76.8 76.3 76.2 76.4 76.3 76.5

 Employed .............................................................................. 58,906 58,802 59,263 58,985 59,053 58,994 59,342 59,344 59,353

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 73.0 72.1 72.6 73.1 72.6 72.5 72.8 72.7 72.7

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,979 3,412 3,168 2,972 3,059 3,009 2,893 2,925 3,147

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.8 5.5 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.7 5.0

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 51,764 52,404 52,151 51,746 51,752 51,909 51,840 52,039 52,107

 Participation rate ................................................................. 60.1 60.5 60.1 60.1 59.7 60.0 59.9 60.1 60.1

 Employed .............................................................................. 49,517 50,120 50,013 49,401 49,488 49,768 49,645 49,770 49,885

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.5 57.8 57.7 57.4 57.1 57.5 57.3 57.4 57.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,247 2,284 2,137 2,346 2,264 2,141 2,194 2,269 2,223

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 5,981 5,583 5,612 6,355 6,230 6,172 6,091 5,892 5,968

 Participation rate ................................................................. 47.5 44.7 44.9 50.5 49.4 49.4 48.8 47.2 47.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,160 4,707 4,780 5,449 5,369 5,232 5,147 4,976 5,049

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 41.0 37.7 38.2 43.3 42.6 41.9 41.2 39.8 40.4

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 822 876 832 907 861 940 944 916 919

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 13.7 15.7 14.8 14.3 13.8 15.2 15.5 15.6 15.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 2

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 25,478 25,552 25,587 25,478 25,784 25,484 25,519 25,552 25,587

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 16,512 16,288 16,417 16,638 16,706 16,374 16,395 16,296 16,521

 Participation rate ................................................................. 64.8 63.7 64.2 65.3 64.8 64.3 64.2 63.8 64.6

 Employed .............................................................................. 14,840 14,558 14,726 14,843 14,827 14,684 14,669 14,641 14,723

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 58.2 57.0 57.6 58.3 57.5 57.6 57.5 57.3 57.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,672 1,730 1,691 1,795 1,879 1,690 1,726 1,655 1,797

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 10.1 10.6 10.3 10.8 11.2 10.3 10.5 10.2 10.9

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 8,965 9,264 9,169 8,840 9,078 9,110 9,124 9,256 9,066

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,332 7,209 7,279 7,349 7,311 7,233 7,296 7,195 7,295

 Participation rate ................................................................. 72.3 70.5 71.1 72.4 71.0 71.0 71.5 70.4 71.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,681 6,465 6,538 6,679 6,543 6,489 6,560 6,526 6,537

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 65.8 63.3 63.9 65.8 63.6 63.7 64.3 63.8 63.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 651 744 740 670 768 744 736 669 758

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 8.9 10.3 10.2 9.1 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.3 10.4

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 8,348 8,352 8,432 8,360 8,540 8,327 8,296 8,315 8,443

 Participation rate ................................................................. 64.6 64.4 65.0 64.7 65.4 64.4 64.1 64.1 65.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 7,600 7,624 7,700 7,562 7,712 7,629 7,548 7,592 7,663

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 58.8 58.8 59.3 58.5 59.0 59.0 58.3 58.6 59.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 748 728 732 798 827 698 748 723 780

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.0 8.7 8.7 9.5 9.7 8.4 9.0 8.7 9.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 832 727 707 928 855 813 803 786 782

 Participation rate ................................................................. 34.5 30.7 29.8 38.5 35.2 34.4 33.9 33.2 33.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 558 470 488 602 571 566 560 524 523

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 23.2 19.8 20.6 25.0 23.5 23.9 23.7 22.1 22.1

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 273 257 219 326 284 247 242 262 259

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 32.9 35.4 30.9 35.2 33.2 30.4 30.2 33.4 33.1

ASIAN 2

Civilian noninstutional population ............................................. 9,730 9,081 9,086 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,499 6,063 6,029 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 66.8 66.8 66.4 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,115 5,672 5,681 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 62.8 62.5 62.5 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 384 391 348 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 5.9 6.5 5.8 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 3,232 3,018 3,057 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected

more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more

than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race.

3 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1

because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect

revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 25,739 27,191 27,291 25,739 26,436 26,994 27,095 27,191 27,291

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 17,866 18,665 18,794 17,913 18,134 18,614 18,658 18,614 18,836

 Participation rate ................................................................. 69.4 68.6 68.9 69.6 68.6 69.0 68.9 68.5 69.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 16,507 17,123 17,443 16,498 16,708 17,155 17,223 17,215 17,428

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 64.1 63.0 63.9 64.1 63.2 63.5 63.6 63.3 63.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,359 1,542 1,351 1,415 1,425 1,459 1,436 1,399 1,408

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 7.6 8.3 7.2 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.5

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 7,874 8,527 8,497 7,827 8,303 8,380 8,436 8,577 8,455

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 9,893 10,625 10,786 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 83.7 84.2 85.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 9,260 9,868 10,085 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 78.4 78.2 79.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 633 757 701 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 6.4 7.1 6.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,878 7,120 7,092 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 60.2 59.1 58.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,370 6,501 6,591 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 55.8 53.9 54.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 508 619 500 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 7.4 8.7 7.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 1,094 920 917 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 43.7 36.5 36.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 877 754 767 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 35.0 29.9 30.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 217 166 150 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 19.9 18.0 16.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. 

Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household

survey.

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 13,105 12,874 13,005 12,834 12,607 12,542 12,638 12,896 12,710

 Participation rate ................................................................... 45.1 45.0 45.5 44.2 44.6 43.7 44.9 45.1 44.4

 Employed ................................................................................ 11,994 11,608 11,974 11,704 11,470 11,471 11,522 11,802 11,664

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 41.3 40.6 41.9 40.3 40.6 40.0 40.9 41.3 40.8

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,112 1,266 1,031 1,131 1,136 1,071 1,116 1,094 1,046

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 8.5 9.8 7.9 8.8 9.0 8.5 8.8 8.5 8.2

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 37,468 37,911 37,913 37,492 37,797 37,856 37,816 37,632 37,950

 Participation rate ................................................................... 64.4 64.0 64.1 64.4 63.6 63.5 63.7 63.5 64.1

 Employed ................................................................................ 35,422 35,625 35,763 35,417 35,775 35,923 35,779 35,569 35,774

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 60.9 60.1 60.4 60.9 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.0 60.4

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 2,046 2,287 2,150 2,075 2,021 1,933 2,037 2,063 2,176

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 32,978 34,103 33,910 33,408 33,831 34,186 34,335 34,008 34,375

 Participation rate ................................................................... 72.9 73.5 73.1 73.8 72.4 73.3 73.2 73.3 74.1

 Employed ................................................................................ 31,460 32,399 32,304 31,878 32,154 32,556 32,730 32,382 32,760

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 69.5 69.8 69.6 70.4 68.8 69.8 69.8 69.8 70.6

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,518 1,703 1,606 1,530 1,677 1,630 1,605 1,626 1,615

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 4.6 5.0 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 38,984 39,603 39,652 38,809 38,652 38,778 39,046 39,507 39,465

 Participation rate ................................................................... 79.2 78.7 78.5 78.8 79.2 78.8 78.2 78.5 78.1

 Employed ................................................................................ 37,919 38,443 38,511 37,660 37,530 37,626 37,892 38,292 38,233

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 77.0 76.4 76.2 76.5 76.9 76.4 75.9 76.1 75.6

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,064 1,160 1,142 1,149 1,121 1,152 1,154 1,215 1,232

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ............................................. 2,344 2,108 2,129 2,342 2,342 2,314 2,178 2,227 2,128

 Wage and salary workers ....................................................... 1,301 1,149 1,182 1,312 1,260 1,195 1,174 1,271 1,192

 Self-employed workers ........................................................... 1,017 928 933 994 1,038 1,071 953 923 912

 Unpaid family workers ............................................................ 26 30 15 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ......................................................... 133,558 134,676 135,295 133,948 134,080 135,142 135,317 135,104 135,682

 Wage and salary workers ....................................................... 124,684 125,588 126,031 125,085 124,735 125,768 126,006 125,886 126,425

 Government .......................................................................... 19,757 19,573 19,760 19,552 19,551 19,868 19,418 19,318 19,556

 Private industries .................................................................. 104,927 106,015 106,271 105,499 105,348 105,907 106,437 106,583 106,838

 Private households ............................................................. 731 676 715 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries .................................................................. 104,196 105,339 105,556 104,749 104,673 105,192 105,773 105,910 106,104

 Self-employed workers ........................................................... 8,773 8,985 9,161 8,743 9,250 9,444 9,258 9,181 9,139

 Unpaid family workers ............................................................ 102 102 103 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

 Part time for economic reasons .............................................. 4,018 4,784 4,609 4,210 4,273 4,643 4,807 4,696 4,840

 Slack work or business conditions ........................................ 2,668 3,263 3,119 2,752 2,893 3,027 3,152 3,123 3,221

 Could only find part-time work .............................................. 1,110 1,203 1,233 1,140 1,110 1,297 1,275 1,192 1,266

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ........................................ 19,841 19,555 19,785 18,933 18,555 19,314 18,421 18,888 18,886

Nonagricultural industries:

 Part time for economic reasons .............................................. 3,953 4,672 4,518 4,132 4,219 4,496 4,675 4,587 4,728

 Slack work or business conditions ........................................ 2,621 3,199 3,055 2,690 2,854 2,947 3,062 3,048 3,140

 Could only find part-time work .............................................. 1,101 1,200 1,224 1,129 1,097 1,267 1,257 1,178 1,258

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ........................................ 19,474 19,158 19,431 18,560 18,197 18,984 18,134 18,529 18,503

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during

the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part

time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked

only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and

bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily

add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 

Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system

derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current

Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 135,903 136,783 137,424 136,196 136,439 137,536 137,408 137,348 137,687

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 5,959 5,512 5,570 6,331 6,164 6,125 6,042 5,829 5,923

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 2,109 2,053 2,087 2,330 2,258 2,446 2,352 2,292 2,311

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 3,850 3,459 3,484 3,996 3,921 3,694 3,722 3,550 3,616

 20 years and over ................................................................... 129,943 131,272 131,854 129,864 130,275 131,410 131,365 131,519 131,765

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 13,148 13,197 13,302 13,256 13,372 13,568 13,510 13,458 13,420

 25 years and over ................................................................. 116,795 118,075 118,552 116,573 116,892 117,876 117,932 117,984 118,332

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 97,047 97,030 97,483 96,907 96,491 96,957 96,942 97,042 97,341

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 30,343 30,314 30,530 30,363 30,139 30,369 30,563 30,420 30,554

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 35,512 34,952 35,143 35,368 34,942 35,125 34,803 34,910 34,986

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 31,193 31,764 31,810 31,176 31,411 31,463 31,577 31,712 31,800

 55 years and over ............................................................... 19,748 21,044 21,068 19,666 20,400 20,918 20,990 20,942 20,992

Men, 16 years and over ............................................................ 72,483 72,304 72,905 72,780 72,690 72,994 73,249 73,064 73,182

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 2,961 2,625 2,646 3,152 3,091 3,027 2,956 2,772 2,818

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 1,037 944 952 1,148 1,102 1,203 1,157 1,056 1,052

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 1,924 1,681 1,694 2,009 1,986 1,838 1,820 1,718 1,770

 20 years and over ................................................................... 69,522 69,679 70,259 69,627 69,600 69,967 70,293 70,293 70,364

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 6,861 6,970 7,022 6,952 7,024 7,183 7,215 7,206 7,116

 25 years and over ................................................................. 62,661 62,709 63,237 62,680 62,579 62,814 63,151 63,050 63,266

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 51,922 51,548 51,994 51,977 51,566 51,687 51,925 51,885 52,057

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 16,574 16,474 16,722 16,597 16,445 16,528 16,730 16,669 16,750

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 19,037 18,627 18,763 19,013 18,749 18,824 18,729 18,719 18,735

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 16,312 16,447 16,510 16,367 16,371 16,334 16,466 16,498 16,572

 55 years and over ............................................................... 10,739 11,161 11,242 10,702 11,013 11,127 11,227 11,165 11,209

Women, 16 years and over ...................................................... 63,420 64,479 64,519 63,416 63,749 64,542 64,159 64,284 64,505

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 2,998 2,887 2,924 3,179 3,073 3,098 3,086 3,057 3,104

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 1,071 1,109 1,135 1,182 1,156 1,243 1,195 1,236 1,259

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 1,926 1,778 1,789 1,988 1,935 1,856 1,902 1,833 1,845

 20 years and over ................................................................... 60,422 61,592 61,595 60,237 60,676 61,443 61,073 61,227 61,401

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 6,288 6,226 6,280 6,303 6,348 6,385 6,295 6,252 6,304

 25 years and over ................................................................. 54,134 55,366 55,315 53,894 54,313 55,062 54,781 54,934 55,066

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 45,125 45,482 45,489 44,930 44,926 45,270 45,018 45,157 45,283

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 13,769 13,840 13,808 13,766 13,693 13,841 13,834 13,752 13,804

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 16,474 16,325 16,381 16,354 16,193 16,301 16,073 16,191 16,251

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 14,881 15,318 15,300 14,809 15,039 15,129 15,111 15,214 15,228

 55 years and over ............................................................... 9,009 9,884 9,826 8,964 9,387 9,792 9,763 9,777 9,783

Married men, spouse present ................................................... 43,944 44,146 44,486 44,021 44,005 44,401 44,587 44,415 44,552

Married women, spouse present .............................................. 34,180 34,891 34,817 34,052 34,189 34,525 34,620 34,569 34,685

Women who maintain families .................................................. 8,370 8,511 8,590 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Full-time workers 2 ................................................................... 111,497 111,936 112,470 112,336 112,856 112,823 113,442 113,157 113,241

Part-time workers 3 ................................................................... 24,405 24,847 24,955 23,804 23,629 24,400 23,830 24,068 24,355

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per

week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per

week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily

add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 

Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household

survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 8,567 8,445 8,786 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 1,290 1,251 1,303 16.9 16.4 16.8 17.1 17.7 18.0

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 563 460 530 19.5 17.6 18.3 17.9 16.7 18.7

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 733 761 785 15.5 15.5 15.9 15.9 17.7 17.8

 20 years and over ................................................................... 7,277 7,194 7,483 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 1,456 1,310 1,501 9.9 9.7 9.3 9.3 8.9 10.1

 25 years and over ................................................................. 5,898 5,876 6,057 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.9

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 4,970 5,061 5,045 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.9

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 1,939 1,844 1,887 6.0 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.8

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 1,712 1,747 1,753 4.6 4.8 4.5 5.2 4.8 4.8

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 1,319 1,469 1,404 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.4 4.2

 55 years and over ............................................................... 819 821 919 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.2

Men, 16 years and over ............................................................ 4,607 4,674 4,940 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.3

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 709 730 733 18.4 17.5 18.2 19.5 20.8 20.6

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 291 232 286 20.2 18.5 19.3 19.1 18.0 21.4

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 417 471 446 17.2 16.7 17.6 19.3 21.5 20.1

 20 years and over ................................................................... 3,898 3,944 4,207 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.6

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 801 685 853 10.3 10.2 9.7 9.2 8.7 10.7

 25 years and over ................................................................. 3,110 3,250 3,370 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.1

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 2,636 2,754 2,828 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.2

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 1,033 987 1,033 5.9 6.1 6.2 5.5 5.6 5.8

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 882 953 1,008 4.4 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.8 5.1

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 721 814 786 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.5

 55 years and over ............................................................... 474 496 542 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.6

Women, 16 years and over ...................................................... 3,960 3,771 3,846 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.6 5.5 5.6

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 581 521 570 15.5 15.2 15.5 14.8 14.6 15.5

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 272 227 244 18.7 16.6 17.3 16.8 15.5 16.2

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 316 291 339 13.7 14.2 14.1 12.3 13.7 15.5

 20 years and over ................................................................... 3,379 3,250 3,276 5.3 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.1

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 655 625 648 9.4 9.3 8.8 9.5 9.1 9.3

 25 years and over ................................................................. 2,788 2,627 2,687 4.9 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.7

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 2,335 2,307 2,217 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.9 4.7

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 906 857 854 6.2 6.3 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.8

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 831 794 745 4.8 4.8 4.3 5.3 4.7 4.4

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 598 655 619 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.3 4.1 3.9

 55 years and over 2 ............................................................ 316 339 344 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.3 3.3 3.4

Married men, spouse present ................................................... 1,774 1,734 1,730 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.7

Married women, spouse present .............................................. 1,362 1,320 1,304 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.6

Women who maintain families 2 ............................................... 747 782 795 8.2 7.9 8.0 9.0 8.4 8.5

Full-time workers 3 ................................................................... 7,298 7,068 7,419 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.1

Part-time workers 4 ................................................................... 1,288 1,392 1,378 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full

time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work

part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2003, data

reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .......... 4,550 5,150 4,716 4,599 4,863 4,583 4,756 4,613 4,765

 On temporary layoff ................................................................ 1,097 1,402 1,076 1,121 1,110 1,080 1,142 1,157 1,101

 Not on temporary layoff .......................................................... 3,453 3,749 3,640 3,478 3,753 3,503 3,614 3,456 3,664

 Permanent job losers ............................................................ 2,715 2,837 2,786 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Persons who completed temporary jobs .............................. 738 912 854 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ............................................................................... 953 828 786 1,002 862 825 772 794 829

Reentrants ................................................................................ 2,276 2,478 2,421 2,412 2,462 2,331 2,395 2,391 2,558

New entrants ............................................................................ 477 561 578 530 534 616 579 626 642

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 55.1 57.1 55.5 53.8 55.8 54.9 55.9 54.8 54.2

 On temporary layoff ............................................................... 13.3 15.5 12.7 13.1 12.7 12.9 13.4 13.7 12.5

 Not on temporary layoff ......................................................... 41.8 41.6 42.8 40.7 43.0 41.9 42.5 41.0 41.7

 Job leavers .............................................................................. 11.5 9.2 9.2 11.7 9.9 9.9 9.1 9.4 9.4

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 27.6 27.5 28.5 28.2 28.2 27.9 28.2 28.4 29.1

 New entrants ........................................................................... 5.8 6.2 6.8 6.2 6.1 7.4 6.8 7.4 7.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3

 Job leavers .............................................................................. .7 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

 New entrants ........................................................................... .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .................................................................... 2,542 2,595 2,443 2,934 2,860 2,772 2,749 2,780 2,814

5 to 14 weeks ........................................................................... 2,608 2,825 2,408 2,851 2,547 2,577 2,565 2,473 2,630

15 weeks and over ................................................................... 3,105 3,598 3,650 2,810 3,296 3,140 3,155 3,104 3,294

 15 to 26 weeks ...................................................................... 1,595 1,703 1,644 1,364 1,392 1,457 1,281 1,316 1,392

 27 weeks and over ................................................................ 1,510 1,896 2,005 1,446 1,904 1,683 1,874 1,788 1,903

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .......................................... 17.2 18.9 20.6 16.3 18.4 18.4 18.6 18.0 19.6

Median duration, in weeks ........................................................ 10.4 11.2 12.0 8.8 9.6 9.8 9.4 9.6 10.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks .................................................................. 30.8 28.8 28.7 34.1 32.9 32.6 32.5 33.3 32.2

 5 to 14 weeks ......................................................................... 31.6 31.3 28.3 33.2 29.3 30.4 30.3 29.6 30.1

 15 weeks and over ................................................................. 37.6 39.9 42.9 32.7 37.9 37.0 37.3 37.1 37.7

 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................... 19.3 18.9 19.3 15.9 16.0 17.2 15.1 15.7 15.9

 27 weeks and over ............................................................... 18.3 21.0 23.6 16.8 21.9 19.8 22.1 21.4 21.8

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2002

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Apr.

2003

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .......................................................................... 135,903 137,424 8,255 8,501 5.7 5.8

Management, professional, and related occupations ............................... 47,515 48,050 1,302 1,438 2.7 2.9

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ............ 20,053 20,022 585 558 2.8 2.7

 Professional and related occupations ........................................................ 27,461 28,027 717 879 2.5 3.0

Service occupations .......................................................................................... 21,603 22,073 1,462 1,687 6.3 7.1

Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... 34,956 35,696 2,198 1,988 5.9 5.3

 Sales and related occupations ..................................................................... 15,445 15,965 1,073 886 6.5 5.3

 Office and administrative support occupations ........................................ 19,511 19,731 1,125 1,103 5.5 5.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ........... 13,156 13,552 1,186 1,230 8.3 8.3

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................................... 1,105 922 152 133 12.1 12.6

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... 7,562 7,761 825 829 9.8 9.6

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .................................. 4,489 4,870 209 268 4.4 5.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ................ 18,674 18,054 1,621 1,562 8.0 8.0

 Production occupations .................................................................................. 10,150 9,771 945 817 8.5 7.7

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................................... 8,524 8,283 676 745 7.3 8.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed

Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Occupations reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupational classification

system derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system into the Current

Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used

in the household survey.

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted

Industry

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2002

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Apr.

2003

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................................... 8,255 8,501 5.7 5.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ...................................... 6,926 7,082 6.2 6.2

 Mining ................................................................................................................. 33 41 6.1 7.7

 Construction ...................................................................................................... 855 772 10.1 9.3

 Manufacturing ................................................................................................... 1,322 1,199 7.2 6.7

 Durable goods ................................................................................................ 861 799 7.5 7.3

 Nondurable goods ......................................................................................... 461 400 6.8 5.8

 Wholesale and retail trade ............................................................................ 1,222 1,201 6.4 6.0

 Transportation and utilities ............................................................................ 280 274 5.0 5.0

 Information ........................................................................................................ 257 268 6.9 7.3

 Financial activities ........................................................................................... 292 323 3.3 3.6

 Professional and business services ............................................................ 951 1,076 7.3 8.3

 Education and health services ..................................................................... 493 611 2.9 3.4

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................................... 953 986 8.4 8.5

 Other services .................................................................................................. 268 331 4.6 5.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ........................ 151 154 10.8 12.0

Government workers ......................................................................................... 447 440 2.2 2.2

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................................... 255 248 2.5 2.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system

derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current

Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used

in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003

Apr.

2003

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force .............. 2.2 2.5 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor

force ...................................................................................................................................... 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate) ...................................................................................................................................... 5.7 6.2 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers ............................................................................................................ 5.9 6.5 6.1 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally

 attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally

 attached workers ................................................................................................................. 6.6 7.2 6.7 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed

 part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

 all marginally attached workers ........................................................................................... 9.4 10.4 9.8 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor

looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for

work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,

have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed

part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but

have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new

range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2002

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Apr.

2003

Apr.

2002

Apr.

2003

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force ............................................................................ 72,848 74,615 27,267 28,327 45,580 46,288

 Persons who currently want a job ............................................................... 4,554 4,373 2,041 1,953 2,513 2,421

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ..................................... 1,397 1,399 725 695 673 704

 Reason not currently looking:

 Discouragement over job prospects 2 ......................................... 320 437 207 254 112 183

 Reasons other than discouragement 3 ........................................ 1,078 962 517 440 560 521

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 ............................................................................ 7,336 7,181 3,817 3,756 3,519 3,425

 Percent of total employed ......................................................................... 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.3

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ........................................... 4,036 3,758 2,299 2,190 1,737 1,569

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .............................................. 1,543 1,652 515 572 1,029 1,080

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ................................................ 299 279 202 185 96 94

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ................................................... 1,431 1,443 786 783 645 660

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which

reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p Apr.2003p Apr.2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p Apr.2003p

Total .................................................. 130,608 129,080 129,564 130,278 130,680 130,670 130,873 130,520 130,396 130,348

Total private ............................................ 109,013 107,383 107,782 108,490 109,495 109,311 109,506 109,136 109,048 108,968

Goods-producing .................................................. 23,701 22,889 22,972 23,145 23,905 23,551 23,563 23,463 23,439 23,366

Mining ............................................................... 557 541 544 554 564 553 552 555 555 559

Metal mining ................................................. 32.1 31.0 31.3 31.1 32 32 32 32 32 31

Coal mining ................................................... 80.5 77.9 78.0 79.1 81 78 78 78 78 79

Oil and gas extraction ................................... 333.9 333.8 335.0 338.0 339 335 335 339 341 342

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ............... 110.6 98.0 99.7 106.1 112 108 107 106 104 107

Construction ..................................................... 6,400 6,061 6,164 6,403 6,541 6,544 6,564 6,519 6,538 6,556

General building contractors ......................... 1,416.4 1,393.7 1,407.5 1,445.8 1,452 1,476 1,471 1,464 1,471 1,484

Heavy construction, except building ............. 875.0 762.7 777.7 844.4 901 880 897 880 871 870

Special trade contractors .............................. 4,108.6 3,904.9 3,978.6 4,112.3 4,188 4,188 4,196 4,175 4,196 4,202

Manufacturing ................................................... 16,744 16,287 16,264 16,188 16,800 16,454 16,447 16,389 16,346 16,251

Production workers ................................... 11,220 10,905 10,884 10,819 11,250 11,030 11,045 10,990 10,948 10,865

Durable goods ................................................ 9,962 9,584 9,570 9,522 9,976 9,699 9,689 9,638 9,609 9,538

Production workers ................................... 6,620 6,362 6,348 6,303 6,620 6,445 6,456 6,405 6,376 6,310

Lumber and wood products .......................... 756.6 744.5 740.2 738.4 767 758 760 759 756 749

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 499.0 473.7 473.8 469.6 497 480 479 476 473 467

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 548.7 535.9 538.1 545.5 551 553 556 553 549 549

Primary metal industries ............................... 596.7 574.1 573.2 571.7 598 579 581 576 576 573

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 187.0 182.6 182.2 182.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

Fabricated metal products ............................ 1,422.8 1,370.4 1,370.5 1,361.2 1,425 1,391 1,387 1,374 1,376 1,364

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 1,844.4 1,757.9 1,753.8 1,749.1 1,842 1,781 1,770 1,758 1,750 1,746

Computer and office equipment ............... 310.7 283.2 281.9 280.8 313 291 287 284 282 283

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 1,441.7 1,344.2 1,339.8 1,329.7 1,443 1,360 1,355 1,344 1,339 1,330

Electronic components and accessories .. 566.5 523.6 521.5 518.3 566 532 528 523 521 518

Transportation equipment ............................. 1,672.3 1,632.2 1,631.5 1,608.4 1,671 1,638 1,640 1,643 1,637 1,610

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 913.7 903.5 905.8 885.3 912 900 911 906 907 884

Aircraft and parts ...................................... 414.2 384.0 381.7 380.4 416 392 389 386 384 383

Instruments and related products ................. 809.2 786.3 783.7 782.0 811 790 792 788 786 783

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 370.2 364.6 365.0 366.1 371 369 369 367 367 367

Nondurable goods .......................................... 6,782 6,703 6,694 6,666 6,824 6,755 6,758 6,751 6,737 6,713

Production workers ................................... 4,600 4,543 4,536 4,516 4,630 4,585 4,589 4,585 4,572 4,555

Food and kindred products ........................... 1,657.0 1,665.3 1,660.7 1,664.1 1,689 1,689 1,695 1,694 1,692 1,695

Tobacco products ......................................... 32.3 33.6 32.4 30.4 33 36 34 34 33 32

Textile mill products ...................................... 435.4 416.1 413.8 408.4 436 422 420 419 415 409

Apparel and other textile products ................ 523.5 498.8 501.6 493.7 523 507 504 504 502 495

Paper and allied products ............................. 612.2 601.9 600.8 593.4 615 607 606 604 602 597

Printing and publishing ................................. 1,408.6 1,395.3 1,395.8 1,388.9 1,413 1,393 1,395 1,398 1,399 1,395

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 1,006.7 1,003.3 999.1 999.0 1,008 1,007 1,006 1,005 1,000 1,001

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 124.3 121.3 122.4 123.3 125 125 125 125 125 124

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 927.0 915.7 915.5 913.5 927 916 919 917 917 914

Leather and leather products ........................ 55.2 51.3 51.7 51.0 55 53 54 51 52 51

Service-producing ................................................. 106,907 106,191 106,592 107,133 106,775 107,119 107,310 107,057 106,957 106,982

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 6,765 6,585 6,592 6,591 6,799 6,686 6,694 6,655 6,646 6,627

Transportation .............................................. 4,303 4,216 4,218 4,213 4,330 4,273 4,301 4,277 4,265 4,242

Railroad transportation ............................. 230.5 222.6 223.2 225.3 230 225 224 224 224 225

Local and interurban passenger transit .... 488.1 478.0 477.5 478.0 476 466 465 468 463 466

Trucking and warehousing ....................... 1,808.2 1,772.9 1,783.5 1,788.2 1,830 1,827 1,825 1,810 1,816 1,809

Water transportation ................................. 185.4 177.7 176.4 183.4 190 191 191 190 187 188

Transportation by air ................................. 1,150.9 1,134.7 1,128.0 1,110.4 1,162 1,127 1,158 1,151 1,144 1,126

Pipelines, except natural gas .................... 14.8 15.7 15.5 15.4 15 15 15 16 16 15

Transportation services ............................ 425.3 414.1 414.0 412.2 427 422 423 418 415 413

Communications and public utilities ............. 2,462 2,369 2,374 2,378 2,469 2,413 2,393 2,378 2,381 2,385

Communications ....................................... 1,625.1 1,542.4 1,545.3 1,547.0 1,628 1,576 1,559 1,547 1,549 1,551

Electric, gas, and sanitary services .......... 837.0 826.1 828.2 830.7 841 837 834 831 832 834

Wholesale trade ................................................ 6,662 6,583 6,598 6,611 6,678 6,637 6,639 6,636 6,636 6,630

Durable goods .............................................. 3,901 3,847 3,853 3,857 3,908 3,880 3,876 3,871 3,872 3,868

Nondurable goods ........................................ 2,761 2,736 2,745 2,754 2,770 2,757 2,763 2,765 2,764 2,762

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry-Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p Apr.2003p Apr.2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p Apr.2003p

Retail trade ....................................................... 23,110 22,606 22,681 22,886 23,345 23,152 23,271 23,150 23,117 23,107

Building materials and garden supplies ........ 1,074.2 1,015.4 1,039.0 1,090.5 1,061 1,077 1,083 1,078 1,075 1,076

General merchandise stores ........................ 2,823.0 2,761.6 2,763.9 2,751.1 2,915 2,821 2,831 2,858 2,854 2,825

Department stores .................................... 2,494.2 2,426.0 2,428.6 2,411.3 2,575 2,488 2,498 2,523 2,508 2,474

Food stores ................................................... 3,363.5 3,331.7 3,319.6 3,328.1 3,392 3,365 3,370 3,363 3,367 3,360

Automotive dealers and service stations ...... 2,421.1 2,383.7 2,391.0 2,401.8 2,429 2,420 2,416 2,412 2,413 2,412

New and used car dealers ........................ 1,127.2 1,111.9 1,112.6 1,110.9 1,129 1,123 1,118 1,116 1,116 1,113

Apparel and accessory stores ...................... 1,140.9 1,117.0 1,121.0 1,131.4 1,170 1,174 1,174 1,156 1,158 1,161

Furniture and home furnishings stores ......... 1,127.7 1,150.7 1,143.1 1,137.8 1,141 1,175 1,166 1,153 1,151 1,151

Eating and drinking places ........................... 8,136.7 7,799.4 7,882.0 8,029.1 8,152 8,063 8,146 8,047 8,016 8,044

Miscellaneous retail establishments ............. 3,022.6 3,046.2 3,020.9 3,016.0 3,085 3,057 3,085 3,083 3,083 3,078

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 7,714 7,786 7,800 7,818 7,743 7,816 7,817 7,829 7,836 7,843

Finance ......................................................... 3,804 3,870 3,875 3,881 3,813 3,861 3,869 3,876 3,882 3,890

Depository institutions .............................. 2,068.5 2,079.5 2,085.6 2,085.5 2,075 2,079 2,083 2,084 2,089 2,092

Commercial banks ................................ 1,442.1 1,448.9 1,451.9 1,454.0 1,446 1,449 1,453 1,453 1,455 1,458

Savings institutions ............................... 263.3 261.7 262.9 260.8 264 261 260 262 262 261

Nondepository institutions ........................ 754.8 825.9 824.7 828.4 756 809 816 823 824 829

Mortgage bankers and brokers ............. 360.0 421.7 421.8 424.8 360 408 415 423 423 425

Security and commodity brokers .............. 720.6 706.0 702.8 703.4 723 709 711 711 707 705

Holding and other investment offices ....... 259.7 258.6 261.8 263.4 259 264 259 258 262 264

Insurance ...................................................... 2,368 2,376 2,378 2,375 2,374 2,375 2,378 2,380 2,378 2,379

Insurance carriers ..................................... 1,585.9 1,581.7 1,584.8 1,580.9 1,589 1,578 1,582 1,585 1,585 1,582

Insurance agents, brokers, and service .... 782.1 794.1 793.5 793.8 785 797 796 795 793 797

Real estate ................................................... 1,542 1,540 1,547 1,562 1,556 1,580 1,570 1,573 1,576 1,574

Services2 .......................................................... 41,061 40,934 41,139 41,439 41,025 41,469 41,522 41,403 41,374 41,395

Agricultural services ..................................... 870.3 754.6 781.4 889.3 857 880 882 878 866 879

Hotels and other lodging places ................... 1,753.8 1,701.2 1,711.5 1,715.7 1,796 1,807 1,811 1,794 1,779 1,759

Personal services ......................................... 1,355.5 1,348.4 1,341.4 1,346.4 1,286 1,292 1,281 1,275 1,272 1,278

Business services ......................................... 9,201.9 9,070.8 9,105.0 9,149.3 9,312 9,311 9,292 9,267 9,240 9,244

Services to buildings ................................. 1,025.6 1,025.3 1,031.8 1,042.9 1,027 1,044 1,044 1,038 1,041 1,045

Personnel supply services ........................ 3,085.0 2,979.5 3,015.2 3,033.9 3,175 3,175 3,173 3,163 3,131 3,112

Help supply services ............................. 2,770.5 2,681.1 2,713.1 2,732.2 2,857 2,866 2,871 2,875 2,821 2,807

Computer and data processing services .. 2,191.8 2,184.3 2,173.7 2,171.7 2,190 2,187 2,183 2,181 2,169 2,172

Auto repair, services, and parking ................ 1,262.1 1,260.3 1,266.2 1,265.0 1,261 1,268 1,274 1,263 1,268 1,264

Miscellaneous repair services ...................... 376.5 370.5 369.4 373.6 377 376 378 374 372 374

Motion pictures ............................................. 573.0 578.5 578.4 581.4 574 583 581 582 580 584

Amusement and recreation services ............ 1,585.2 1,439.4 1,476.7 1,555.9 1,611 1,653 1,659 1,637 1,627 1,586

Health services ............................................. 10,591.5 10,775.8 10,805.5 10,811.1 10,611 10,787 10,805 10,801 10,820 10,833

Offices and clinics of medical doctors ...... 2,040.3 2,085.1 2,089.3 2,089.0 2,044 2,092 2,089 2,091 2,094 2,094

Nursing and personal care facilities .......... 1,878.0 1,896.8 1,901.3 1,903.9 1,883 1,904 1,905 1,902 1,903 1,908

Hospitals ................................................... 4,190.4 4,277.1 4,286.7 4,280.1 4,199 4,269 4,278 4,283 4,291 4,291

Home health care services ....................... 643.1 655.0 661.5 667.1 643 657 658 659 662 667

Legal services ............................................... 1,050.6 1,083.7 1,086.2 1,090.0 1,059 1,081 1,087 1,091 1,093 1,099

Educational services ..................................... 2,649.8 2,722.0 2,743.4 2,760.3 2,501 2,582 2,611 2,580 2,588 2,604

Social services .............................................. 3,186.2 3,220.4 3,237.9 3,254.1 3,167 3,209 3,222 3,217 3,224 3,234

Child day care services ............................ 745.4 740.8 746.4 750.5 725 725 730 729 729 730

Residential care ........................................ 899.8 911.5 916.7 920.6 903 915 912 915 919 923

Museums and botanical and zoological

gardens ..................................................... 106.8 97.1 98.6 102.1 109 106 107 107 105 104

Membership organizations ........................... 2,465.3 2,452.9 2,464.6 2,462.7 2,477 2,476 2,475 2,473 2,476 2,475

Engineering and management services ....... 3,641.8 3,670.1 3,685.6 3,694.9 3,636 3,669 3,668 3,675 3,676 3,690

Engineering and architectural services ..... 1,031.4 1,008.0 1,006.6 1,010.2 1,041 1,028 1,022 1,021 1,017 1,020

Management and public relations ............. 1,199.0 1,225.9 1,231.3 1,238.8 1,202 1,232 1,235 1,234 1,237 1,242

Services, nec ................................................ 46.4 44.1 43.6 43.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

Government ...................................................... 21,595 21,697 21,782 21,788 21,185 21,359 21,367 21,384 21,348 21,380

Federal ......................................................... 2,603 2,648 2,645 2,649 2,610 2,664 2,665 2,661 2,654 2,654

Federal, except Postal Service ................. 1,781.1 1,847.3 1,847.5 1,852.8 1,784 1,856 1,855 1,858 1,853 1,855

State ............................................................. 5,080 5,064 5,091 5,092 4,942 4,953 4,930 4,959 4,955 4,952

Education .................................................. 2,284.9 2,297.7 2,326.1 2,325.1 2,135 2,166 2,144 2,174 2,174 2,175

Other State government ........................... 2,794.7 2,765.9 2,764.9 2,766.7 2,807 2,787 2,786 2,785 2,781 2,777

Local ............................................................. 13,912 13,985 14,046 14,047 13,633 13,742 13,772 13,764 13,739 13,774

Education .................................................. 8,126.3 8,189.6 8,236.8 8,214.6 7,754 7,813 7,842 7,838 7,819 7,847

Other local government ............................ 5,785.7 5,795.8 5,808.9 5,832.0 5,879 5,929 5,930 5,926 5,920 5,927

1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the

seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p

Apr.

2003p

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p

Apr.

2003p

Total private ............................................ 33.9 34.0 34.2 33.8 34.2 34.1 34.3 34.1 34.3 34.0

Goods-producing .................................................. 40.2 39.4 40.0 39.6 40.4 40.2 40.5 39.9 40.3 39.8

Mining ............................................................... 42.4 42.1 42.6 42.7 42.4 42.1 42.8 42.8 43.1 42.8

Construction ..................................................... 38.7 36.6 38.4 37.7 39.0 38.4 39.4 37.4 39.0 38.0

Manufacturing ................................................... 40.8 40.4 40.7 40.4 40.9 40.9 40.9 40.8 40.8 40.5

Overtime hours ......................................... 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9

Durable goods ................................................ 41.3 40.9 41.0 40.8 41.4 41.3 41.4 41.3 41.1 40.9

Overtime hours ......................................... 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9

Lumber and wood products .......................... 40.9 40.2 40.6 40.8 40.8 41.2 41.1 40.9 40.9 40.8

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 40.4 39.6 39.7 38.9 40.8 40.7 40.3 39.9 39.7 39.1

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 43.5 42.0 43.0 42.9 43.8 43.1 43.5 43.2 43.9 43.1

Primary metal industries ............................... 44.2 44.4 44.9 44.3 44.3 44.7 44.3 44.8 45.1 44.3

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 45.3 44.7 45.4 45.5 45.1 46.5 44.8 45.1 45.6 45.5

Fabricated metal products ............................ 41.4 41.0 41.0 40.9 41.6 41.2 41.6 41.4 41.1 41.1

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 40.5 41.2 41.2 40.9 40.6 40.6 41.0 41.3 41.0 40.9

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 39.1 38.7 38.7 38.5 39.5 39.0 38.5 38.9 38.7 38.8

Transportation equipment ............................. 42.9 41.8 41.6 41.6 42.6 42.5 43.1 42.2 41.5 41.4

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 44.9 43.1 42.8 42.9 44.4 44.4 45.2 43.5 42.7 42.2

Instruments and related products ................. 40.2 40.5 40.8 40.4 40.4 40.9 40.7 40.5 40.6 40.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 38.8 37.9 38.9 38.5 38.8 38.8 38.9 38.1 38.6 38.4

Nondurable goods .......................................... 40.1 39.8 40.1 39.7 40.3 40.4 40.1 40.3 40.3 40.0

Overtime hours ......................................... 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9

Food and kindred products ........................... 40.5 39.9 40.5 40.2 41.2 41.4 40.8 40.7 41.2 40.9

Tobacco products ......................................... 40.9 40.0 40.0 41.1 41.3 39.5 40.6 41.2 40.6 41.3

Textile mill products ...................................... 41.7 40.4 40.4 40.2 41.5 41.2 40.5 40.7 40.3 39.9

Apparel and other textile products ................ 37.2 36.4 36.5 36.4 37.1 36.7 36.6 36.5 36.4 36.2

Paper and allied products ............................. 41.4 41.6 41.5 41.3 41.6 41.8 41.8 42.2 41.8 41.5

Printing and publishing ................................. 37.1 37.9 38.1 37.7 37.2 37.7 38.0 38.3 38.0 37.9

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 41.8 42.2 42.2 41.4 41.8 42.1 41.8 42.4 42.3 41.5

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 40.2 42.6 43.1 42.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 41.3 40.2 40.5 40.1 41.6 40.8 40.6 40.4 40.5 40.1

Leather and leather products ........................ 37.4 36.8 36.8 36.6 37.5 37.1 37.0 37.0 36.9 36.4

Service-producing ................................................. 32.5 32.8 32.9 32.5 32.7 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.9 32.7

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 37.9 38.1 38.3 38.0 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.6 38.3

Wholesale trade ................................................ 38.2 38.5 38.5 38.1 38.3 38.5 38.4 38.4 38.4 38.2

Retail trade ....................................................... 28.7 28.9 29.1 28.9 29.0 29.2 29.3 29.1 29.3 29.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 35.8 37.0 37.0 36.1 36.1 36.0 36.3 36.3 36.6 36.4

Services ............................................................ 32.4 32.8 32.8 32.3 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.5

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;

construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in

transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,

insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for

approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm

payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the

seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2002

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p

Apr.

2003p

Apr.

2002

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p

Apr.

2003p

Total private ............................................ $14.69 $15.16 $15.15 $15.13 $497.99 $515.44 $518.13 $511.39

Seasonally adjusted ............................. 14.66 15.08 15.09 15.11 501.37 514.23 517.59 513.74

Goods-producing .................................................. 16.27 16.55 16.62 16.68 654.05 652.07 664.80 660.53

Mining ............................................................... 17.70 18.14 18.20 18.14 750.48 763.69 775.32 774.58

Construction ..................................................... 18.70 19.05 19.09 19.14 723.69 697.23 733.06 721.58

Manufacturing ................................................... 15.20 15.54 15.56 15.58 620.16 627.82 633.29 629.43

Durable goods ................................................ 15.66 16.03 16.04 16.05 646.76 655.63 657.64 654.84

Lumber and wood products .......................... 12.33 12.68 12.66 12.68 504.30 509.74 514.00 517.34

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 12.54 12.79 12.76 12.77 506.62 506.48 506.57 496.75

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 15.35 15.66 15.77 15.95 667.73 657.72 678.11 684.26

Primary metal industries ............................... 17.25 17.63 17.57 17.66 762.45 782.77 788.89 782.34

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 20.69 21.26 21.20 21.26 937.26 950.32 962.48 967.33

Fabricated metal products ............................ 14.66 14.97 15.02 15.01 606.92 613.77 615.82 613.91

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 16.30 16.65 16.68 16.68 660.15 685.98 687.22 682.21

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 14.87 15.22 15.23 15.24 581.42 589.01 589.40 586.74

Transportation equipment ............................. 19.68 20.23 20.24 20.20 844.27 845.61 841.98 840.32

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 20.22 20.87 20.90 20.88 907.88 899.50 894.52 895.75

Instruments and related products ................. 15.11 15.55 15.57 15.60 607.42 629.78 635.26 630.24

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 12.36 12.49 12.56 12.47 479.57 473.37 488.58 480.10

Nondurable goods .......................................... 14.53 14.84 14.87 14.91 582.65 590.63 596.29 591.93

Food and kindred products ........................... 13.18 13.25 13.31 13.39 533.79 528.68 539.06 538.28

Tobacco products ......................................... 22.80 21.76 22.58 23.39 932.52 870.40 903.20 961.33

Textile mill products ...................................... 11.65 11.85 11.83 11.84 485.81 478.74 477.93 475.97

Apparel and other textile products ................ 9.93 9.94 10.00 9.99 369.40 361.82 365.00 363.64

Paper and allied products ............................. 17.33 17.76 17.75 17.81 717.46 738.82 736.63 735.55

Printing and publishing ................................. 15.11 15.46 15.52 15.61 560.58 585.93 591.31 588.50

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 19.01 19.49 19.50 19.47 794.62 822.48 822.90 806.06

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 22.39 22.95 22.89 22.66 900.08 977.67 986.56 951.72

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 13.68 14.02 14.05 14.09 564.98 563.60 569.03 565.01

Leather and leather products ........................ 10.39 10.37 10.27 10.36 388.59 381.62 377.94 379.18

Service-producing ................................................. 14.24 14.79 14.76 14.71 462.80 485.11 485.60 478.08

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 17.26 17.64 17.59 17.64 654.15 672.08 673.70 670.32

Wholesale trade ................................................ 16.11 16.54 16.49 16.46 615.40 636.79 634.87 627.13

Retail trade ....................................................... 10.00 10.25 10.24 10.27 287.00 296.23 297.98 296.80

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 16.23 16.98 17.01 16.95 581.03 628.26 629.37 611.90

Services ............................................................ 15.16 15.81 15.78 15.71 491.18 518.57 517.58 507.43

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p

Apr.

2003p

Percent

change

from:

Mar. 2003-

Apr. 2003

Total private:

Current dollars ................................ $14.66 $14.98 $14.99 $15.08 $15.09 $15.11 0.1

Constant (1982) dollars2 ................ 8.10 8.18 8.16 8.15 8.11 N.A. (3)

Goods-producing .............................. 16.32 16.61 16.64 16.66 16.71 16.71 .0

Mining ........................................... 17.63 17.78 17.91 18.10 18.17 18.10 -.4

Construction ................................. 18.83 19.14 19.04 19.17 19.16 19.22 .3

Manufacturing ............................... 15.19 15.48 15.53 15.56 15.59 15.57 -.1

Excluding overtime4 ................. 14.43 14.72 14.79 14.83 14.85 14.85 .0

Service-producing ............................. 14.19 14.53 14.53 14.65 14.65 14.67 .1

Transportation and public utilities 17.21 17.45 17.44 17.59 17.61 17.58 -.2

Wholesale trade ............................ 16.11 16.37 16.36 16.51 16.47 16.45 -.1

Retail trade ................................... 9.97 10.18 10.15 10.21 10.21 10.25 .4

Finance, insurance, and real

estate ...................................... 16.18 16.73 16.77 16.81 16.85 16.91 .4

Services ........................................ 15.13 15.49 15.51 15.65 15.65 15.68 .2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners

and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this

series. 

3 Change was -.5 percent from February 2003 to

March 2003, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at

the rate of time and one-half.

 N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

(1982=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2002

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p

Apr.

2003p

Apr.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Feb.

2003

Mar.

2003p

Apr.

2003p

Total private ............................................ 146.3 144.1 145.5 144.9 148.0 147.7 148.5 147.0 147.7 146.6

Goods-producing .................................................. 103.8 97.5 99.6 99.7 105.4 103.3 104.1 101.9 102.7 101.2

Mining ............................................................... 52.7 50.2 51.0 52.1 53.5 51.3 52.0 52.9 52.9 52.9

Construction ..................................................... 172.2 151.1 161.8 167.0 178.3 175.4 179.5 168.7 175.8 172.9

Manufacturing ................................................... 92.3 88.9 89.2 88.1 92.9 91.0 91.1 90.5 90.0 88.8

Durable goods ................................................ 95.3 90.7 90.9 89.8 95.5 92.8 93.3 92.2 91.4 90.1

Lumber and wood products .......................... 131.5 127.2 127.9 127.7 133.3 133.5 133.6 132.6 131.7 130.1

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 124.3 115.3 115.6 112.0 124.7 120.9 119.1 117.0 115.4 111.5

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 112.7 105.0 107.8 109.5 113.6 112.0 113.1 112.0 112.5 110.7

Primary metal industries ............................... 76.5 74.2 75.0 73.8 76.7 75.4 74.9 75.1 75.7 73.9

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 58.3 56.6 57.8 58.0 58.3 59.3 57.5 57.5 58.5 58.4

Fabricated metal products ............................ 108.4 103.5 103.4 102.2 109.1 105.7 106.3 104.8 104.1 103.0

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 83.1 80.4 80.2 79.3 83.1 80.1 80.6 80.6 79.6 79.0

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 82.2 75.1 74.8 73.5 82.9 76.5 75.5 75.5 74.6 74.1

Transportation equipment ............................. 107.1 102.3 101.7 99.8 105.7 104.0 107.1 104.0 101.7 99.1

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 146.9 139.1 138.0 135.0 144.2 142.5 147.5 140.7 137.7 132.0

Instruments and related products ................. 67.8 65.8 65.8 64.9 68.2 66.6 66.6 65.8 65.4 65.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 90.0 86.0 88.5 87.4 90.2 89.8 90.1 87.1 88.3 87.5

Nondurable goods .......................................... 88.1 86.5 86.9 85.7 89.3 88.5 88.0 88.2 88.0 87.0

Food and kindred products ........................... 111.0 110.3 111.5 110.9 115.4 116.3 115.1 114.6 116.1 115.5

Tobacco products ......................................... 47.8 49.8 47.0 44.2 49.1 50.9 50.3 51.0 48.2 47.1

Textile mill products ...................................... 62.5 57.7 57.6 56.5 62.1 59.9 59.1 58.8 57.6 56.2

Apparel and other textile products ................ 43.8 41.1 41.4 40.2 43.7 41.9 41.7 41.6 41.1 40.2

Paper and allied products ............................. 93.9 92.5 92.0 91.1 94.9 93.5 93.1 94.2 93.1 92.1

Printing and publishing ................................. 105.3 105.9 106.7 105.1 106.0 105.4 106.3 107.6 106.9 106.1

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 93.9 94.6 94.8 92.9 93.6 94.6 93.9 95.1 94.7 93.1

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 68.7 70.2 71.8 70.4 67.9 70.5 71.6 73.5 73.7 70.9

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 134.2 128.7 129.5 128.2 135.1 131.0 130.6 129.9 129.7 128.2

Leather and leather products ........................ 23.4 21.7 21.8 21.2 23.6 23.4 22.7 21.6 21.5 21.2

Service-producing ................................................. 165.4 165.0 166.1 165.2 167.2 167.6 168.4 167.3 167.9 166.9

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 130.4 127.1 127.8 126.6 132.0 130.0 129.9 128.8 130.0 128.5

Wholesale trade ................................................ 124.8 124.2 124.6 123.6 125.7 125.6 125.1 125.0 125.1 124.3

Retail trade ....................................................... 143.9 140.9 142.3 143.1 146.8 146.3 147.6 145.8 146.6 146.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 139.1 145.3 145.3 142.2 140.9 141.9 143.2 143.5 144.7 143.9

Services ............................................................ 210.6 211.4 212.8 211.4 211.5 213.6 214.7 213.4 213.7 212.4

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1

Over 1-month span:

1999 .......................... 55.3 58.6 53.6 58.4 55.5 57.8 57.1 54.8 57.1 57.2 60.4 58.1

2000 .......................... 55.9 57.5 57.9 51.2 50.1 55.8 57.8 51.4 52.4 52.4 53.2 52.7

2001 .......................... 49.4 45.7 50.3 42.4 47.3 43.2 44.5 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.3 44.1

2002 .......................... 47.3 41.4 49.7 47.8 50.9 49.4 48.6 48.8 49.3 48.3 45.8 44.4

2003 .......................... 49.4 38.5 p48.6 p48.6 

Over 3-month span:

1999 .......................... 59.2 57.6 59.5 55.2 60.2 57.2 59.4 59.2 59.7 58.9 61.2 60.7

2000 .......................... 60.4 61.4 58.4 53.2 52.4 55.5 56.6 56.2 51.2 51.0 53.2 51.6

2001 .......................... 45.5 46.1 40.8 43.4 37.8 43.2 39.3 38.0 35.3 33.7 36.3 38.9

2002 .......................... 40.1 43.2 42.5 46.5 48.0 50.1 47.1 45.1 47.3 45.1 43.1 45.0

2003 .......................... 39.6 p39.9 p39.8 

Over 6-month span:

1999 .......................... 60.2 58.9 58.5 59.7 57.2 60.8 61.2 62.5 62.7 61.8 61.2 62.8

2000 .......................... 61.1 59.4 58.1 57.9 54.2 52.4 52.9 54.2 52.4 48.7 45.7 46.5

2001 .......................... 44.7 42.7 39.5 40.1 40.8 35.6 37.0 32.4 34.3 33.1 34.1 35.6

2002 .......................... 37.0 41.6 43.4 44.4 46.5 46.0 46.5 43.1 40.8 43.1 37.6 p36.9

2003 .......................... p38.9 

Over 12-month span:

1999 .......................... 61.2 60.1 58.2 61.0 60.7 61.5 62.2 61.1 63.8 62.2 59.7 60.5

2000 .......................... 61.4 59.9 58.8 56.2 55.3 53.6 53.0 51.0 47.7 45.2 44.5 42.9

2001 .......................... 41.5 41.5 38.9 37.5 37.3 36.2 34.1 33.6 34.4 33.9 33.3 34.0

2002 .......................... 35.2 36.0 37.3 38.3 40.5 39.9 40.1 37.2 p38.5 p38.3 

2003 .......................... 

Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1

Over 1-month span:

1999 .......................... 47.4 41.2 42.6 46.0 46.3 43.4 50.0 42.6 46.0 45.6 51.5 49.3

2000 .......................... 44.9 52.2 49.3 46.0 49.3 50.7 57.4 36.8 39.0 42.3 47.1 40.8

2001 .......................... 34.9 26.8 38.2 29.0 28.3 30.5 34.9 25.7 31.6 31.3 25.0 30.9

2002 .......................... 35.3 37.9 40.4 47.4 47.1 40.4 48.9 41.9 40.1 40.4 40.1 37.1

2003 .......................... 47.1 35.7 p41.2 p33.8 

Over 3-month span:

1999 .......................... 39.3 39.3 39.7 40.1 41.2 43.8 44.1 46.3 42.3 44.1 47.8 45.2

2000 .......................... 48.2 48.9 48.9 44.5 46.7 52.2 46.0 38.6 29.0 34.2 39.0 36.0

2001 .......................... 21.3 21.3 18.4 23.5 19.9 23.2 17.3 19.1 16.2 18.0 18.4 18.0

2002 .......................... 24.6 30.1 37.1 38.6 40.1 41.2 38.6 34.6 32.4 32.0 28.3 32.0

2003 .......................... 27.9 p33.5 p25.4 

Over 6-month span:

1999 .......................... 36.4 36.0 37.5 40.4 37.5 42.3 43.0 44.5 48.2 43.0 44.5 47.4

2000 .......................... 47.8 45.2 44.5 50.0 41.9 37.9 36.0 35.3 32.4 26.1 21.3 21.7

2001 .......................... 20.2 16.9 14.0 16.2 16.5 13.2 14.7 11.8 14.0 13.2 17.6 16.5

2002 .......................... 19.9 26.8 29.8 38.2 36.4 34.2 31.6 26.8 24.6 26.8 23.5 p22.4

2003 .......................... p23.2 

Over 12-month span:

1999 .......................... 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 44.5 43.4 44.5

2000 .......................... 49.3 44.1 39.3 36.8 35.3 34.2 33.8 28.7 22.1 19.1 17.6 14.0

2001 .......................... 13.6 13.6 13.6 15.4 12.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 14.0 13.6

2002 .......................... 18.0 18.0 20.2 20.2 24.6 22.1 25.0 22.1 p21.3 p16.9 

2003 .......................... 

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. 

p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus

one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent

indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing

employment.