1

Technical information: (202) 691-6392

http://www.bls.gov/mls/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 04-1712

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Tuesday, August 31, 2004

MASS LAYOFFS IN JULY 2004

In July 2004, employers took 2,094 mass layoff actions, as measured by new filings for unemployment

insurance benefits during the month, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor

Statistics. Each action involved at least 50 persons from a single establishment, and the number of workers

involved totaled 253,929. (See table 1.) Both the number of events and initial claims were higher than a

year ago, with the number of mass layoff events and the number of associated initial claims higher than any

July since 2001. However, July 2004 contained 5 weeks for possible mass layoffs, compared with 4 weeks

in each July of the prior 4 years. From January through July 2004, the total number of events, at 10,208,

and of initial claims, at 1,049,541, were lower than in January-July 2003 (11,947 and 1,183,024, respectively).

Industry Distribution

The 10 industries reporting the highest number of mass-layoff initial claims accounted for 82,562 initial

claims in July, 33 percent of the total. (See table A.)

The manufacturing sector had 42 percent of all mass layoff events and 57 percent of all initial claims filed

in July. A year ago, manufacturing reported 45 percent of events and 60 percent of initial claims. Within

manufacturing, the number of claimants was highest in transportation equipment (72,492, mainly automotiverelated), followed by plastics and rubber products manufacturing (13,053) and primary metals (8,177). (See

table 2.)

The administrative and waste services sector accounted for 12 percent of events and 9 percent of initial

claims filed in July, with layoffs mainly in temporary help services. Temporary help services, with 13,227

initial claims, accounted for 5 percent of all initial claims in July. Five percent of all layoff events and 4 percent of initial claims filed during the month were in retail trade, primarily in general merchandise stores.

Transportation and warehousing accounted for 5 percent of events and 4 percent of initial claims, mostly in

school and employee bus transportation. Construction accounted for an additional 6 percent of events and 3

percent of initial claims during the month, primarily among specialty trade contractors.

Government establishments accounted for 7 percent of events and 5 percent of initial claims filed during

the month, mostly in elementary and secondary schools.

Compared with July 2003, the largest increases in initial claims were reported in transportation equipment

manufacturing (+12,383) administrative and support services (+4,657), motion picture and sound recording

(+3,754), and professional and technical services (+3,592). The largest over-the-year decreases in initial
2

claims were reported in electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing (-3,784) and machinery manufacturing (-3,243).

Geographic Distribution

Among the four regions, the highest number of initial claims in July due to mass layoffs was reported in

the Midwest, 118,913. (See table 3.) Transportation equipment manufacturing accounted for 48 percent of

all initial claims in that region during the month. The South region was next, with 55,404 initial claims, followed closely by the West, with 52,412, and the Northeast, with 27,200.

The number of initial claimants in mass layoffs rose over the year in three of the four regions. The largest

increase was in the Midwest (+17,380), followed by the West (+6,592) and the South (+6,509). The

Northeast had the only over-the-year decline (-2,987). Six of the nine geographic divisions had over-theyear increases in the number of initial claims associated with mass layoffs, with the largest increase in the East

North Central division (+20,253). The largest over-the-year decreases occurred in the New England

(-3,381) and West North Central (-2,873) divisions.

Among the states, California recorded the highest number of initial claims filed in mass layoff events in

July (41,702), mostly in administrative and support services and motion picture and sound recording

industries. Michigan reported 35,562 initial claims, followed by Ohio (26,605), and Indiana (20,435).

These four states accounted for 47 percent of all layoff events and 49 percent of all initial claims for

unemployment insurance. (See table 4.)

Michigan reported the largest over-the-year increase in the number of initial claims (+13,915), followed

by Ohio (+9,519), Kentucky (+5,834), and South Carolina (+5,028). The largest over-the-year decrease

occurred in Georgia (-5,497).

From January to July, California reported 252,330 mass layoff initial claims, 24 percent of the national

total. The states with the next largest number of claims over this period were Michigan (71,077), New York

(66,849), and Ohio (65,954).

Table A. Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in July 2004 p

Industry Initial claims

July peak

Year

Initial claims

Temporary help services........................................ 1998 24,601

All other motor vehicle parts mfg. .......................... 2004 9,691

Light truck and utility vehicle mfg. .......................... 9,467 1997 14,618

All other plastics product mfg. ............................... 8,864 2004 8,864

Automobile manufacturing ...................................... 8,417 1996 22,644

Motor vehicle power train components mfg. .......... 8,407 2003 8,905

Motor vehicle seating and interior trim mfg. ........... 7,807 2004 7,807

Motor vehicle metal stamping ................................ 7,061 2004 7,061

Elementary and secondary schools ........................ 4,963 2003 7,069

Motion picture and video production ..................... 4,658 1998 12,310

p=preliminary.

 9,691

13,227
3

Note

The monthly data series in this release cover mass layoffs of 50 or more workers beginning in a given

month, regardless of the duration of the layoffs. For private nonfarm establishments, information on the length

of the layoff is obtained later and issued in a quarterly release that reports on mass layoffs lasting more than

30 days (referred to as “extended mass layoffs”). The quarterly release provides more information on the

industry classification and location of the establishment and on the demographics of the laid-off workers. Because monthly figures include short-term layoffs of 30 days or less, the sum of the figures for the 3 months in

a quarter will be higher than the quarterly figure for mass layoffs of more than 30 days. (See table 1.) See

the Technical Note for more detailed definitions.

______________________________

The report on Mass Layoffs in August 2004 is scheduled to be released on Thursday,

September 23, 2004.
Technical Note

The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state

program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying,

describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data

from each state’s unemployment insurance database. Each month,

states report on establishments which have at least 50 initial claims

filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period. These

establishments then are contacted by the state agency to determine

whether these separations lasted 31 days or longer, and, if so, other

information concerning the layoff is collected. States report on layoffs

lasting more than 1 month on a quarterly basis.

A given month contains an aggregation of the weekly unemployment

insurance claims filings for the Sunday through Saturday weeks in that

month. All weeks are included for the particular month, except if the

first day of the month falls on Saturday. In this case, the week is

included in the prior month's tabulations. This means that some

months will contain 4 weeks and others 5 weeks, and the number of

weeks in a given month may be different from year to year. Therefore,

analysis of over-the-month and over-the-year change should take this

calendar effect into consideration.

The MLS program resumed operations in April 1995 after it

had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. Prior

to April 1995, monthly layoff statistics were not available.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Definitions

Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent

period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of

eligibility.

Mass layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment

insurance benefits filed against an establishment during a 5-week

period, regardless of duration.
Table 1. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, July 2002 to July 2004

Extended mass layoffs 

lasting more than 30 days Realization rates 1

Events Initial

claimants Events Initialclaimants Events Initialclaimants Events Initialclaimants

2002

July ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,042 245,294 1,819 226,892 

August ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,248 128,103 1,151 119,874 

September ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,062 124,522 957 114,736 

Third Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,352 497,919 3,927 461,502 1,186 254,955 30.2 55.2 

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,497 171,100 1,270 149,327 

November ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,153 240,171 1,860 216,237 

December ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,474 264,158 2,324 252,807 

Fourth Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6,124 675,429 5,454 618,371 1,916 370,592 35.1 59.9 

2003

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,315 225,430 2,130 210,918 

February ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,363 124,965 1,222 116,264 

March ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,207 113,026 1,099 104,468 

First Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,885 463,421 4,451 431,650 1,502 r 297,608 33.7 68.9 

April ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,581 161,412 1,470 152,937 

May ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,703 174,204 1,538 160,729 

June ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,691 157,552 1,336 127,743 

Second Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,975 493,168 4,344 441,409 1,799 r 348,966 41.4 r 79.1

July ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,087 226,435 1,815 206,901 

August ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,258 133,839 1,163 124,131 

September ..................................................................................................................................................................... 868 82,647 756 73,914 

Third Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,213 442,921 3,734 404,946 1,190 r 227,878 31.9 r 56.3

October ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,523 158,240 1,265 137,706 

November ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,438 138,543 1,234 123,524 

December ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,929 192,633 1,793 182,750 

Fourth Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,890 489,416 4,292 443,980 1,690 r 326,261 39.4 r 73.5

2004

January ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,428 239,454 2,226 220,687 

February ..................................................................................................................................................................... 941 84,201 832 76,577 

March ..................................................................................................................................................................... 920 92,554 847 87,782 

First Quarter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4,289 416,209 3,905 385,046 r 1,339 r 236,521 r 34.3 r 61.4

April ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,458 157,314 1,316 142,657 

May ..................................................................................................................................................................... 988 87,501 878 78,786 

Junep .................................................................................................................................................................... 1,379 134,588 1,077 110,804 

Second Quarterp .................................................................................................................................................................... 3,825 379,403 3,271 332,247 21,233 2 178,381 37.7 53.7 

Julyp

 .................................................................................................................................................................... 2,094 253,929 1,860 234,877 

 1 The event realization rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm number of extended mass layoff events is generally revised upwards

mass layoff events lasting more than 30 days. The initial claimant realization by less than 10 percent and the number of initial claimants associated

rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm mass layoff initial claimants with such events increases by 25-40 percent.

associated with layoffs lasting more than 30 days. r = revised.

 2 These quarterly numbers are provisional and will be revised as more p = preliminary.

data on these layoffs become available. Experience suggests that the

Mass layoffs

Total mass layoffs

Private nonfarm

Date
Table 2. Industry distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

Industry

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

July May June July July May June July

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,087 988 1,379 2,094 226,435 87,501 134,588 253,929 

Total, private ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1,932 915 1,156 1,945 215,170 81,381 115,626 241,601 

 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 117 37 79 85 8,269 2,595 4,822 6,724 

 Total, private nonfarm....................................................... 1,815 878 1,077 1,860 206,901 78,786 110,804 234,877 

 Mining ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 505 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) – – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) –

 Construction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 88 76 77 119 5,970 5,424 4,924 8,700 

 Manufacturing..................................................................................................................................................................... 946 219 222 885 136,410 22,141 27,307 145,895 

 Food ..................................................................................................................................................................... 74 41 38 82 6,460 3,897 2,677 7,418 

 Beverage and tobacco products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 6 614 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 447 

 Textile mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 12 9 26 2,828 1,099 1,957 2,309 

 Textile product mills ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 13 ( 2

 ) 15 1,048 2,820 ( 2 ) 1,966 

 Apparel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 36 18 7 46 3,093 1,382 641 5,521 

 Leather and allied products ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 4 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 459 841 

 Wood products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31 5 7 33 3,976 389 634 5,523 

 Paper ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 7 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 1,035 665 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Printing and related support activities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 13 13 10 723 985 1,324 1,195 

 Petroleum and coal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) – – ( 2 ) 

 Chemicals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 ( 2

 ) 11 17 1,332 ( 2 ) 803 2,032 

 Plastics and rubber products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 90 8 4 98 11,122 508 360 13,053 

 Nonmetallic mineral products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30 ( 2

 ) 4 16 3,954 ( 2 ) 304 2,242 

 Primary metals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 66 ( 2

 ) 9 50 8,676 ( 2 ) 1,078 8,177 

 Fabricated metal products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59 9 11 62 6,235 660 1,464 6,961 

 Machinery ..................................................................................................................................................................... 65 14 16 39 8,669 1,359 1,362 5,426 

 Computer and electronic products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 60 13 11 31 5,534 1,081 1,418 4,012 

 Electrical equipment and appliances ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33 10 5 17 5,445 1,572 1,222 1,661 

 Transportation equipment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 265 28 51 288 60,173 2,911 9,303 72,492 

 Furniture and related products ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 12 11 23 2,391 1,098 1,323 2,331 

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 5 4 14 1,648 376 265 1,798 

 Wholesale trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 36 11 23 30 2,776 819 2,142 2,853 

 Retail trade ..................................................................................................................................................................... 108 91 76 104 9,065 7,851 7,410 10,541 

 Transportation and warehousing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 84 40 120 112 7,489 3,822 14,557 9,522 

 Information ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44 32 48 40 3,700 2,966 6,748 6,778 

 Finance and insurance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35 23 22 35 2,569 1,944 1,502 2,438 

 Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 ( 2

 ) 4 17 751 ( 2 ) 231 1,580 

 Professional and technical services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 53 44 27 55 4,970 4,116 3,174 8,562 

 Management of companies and enterprises ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4 4 ( 2

 ) 438 232 935 ( 2 ) 

 Administrative and waste services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 212 119 148 253 18,427 9,839 14,058 22,955 

 Educational services.................................................................................................................. 25 4 11 16 1,714 309 692 1,219 

 Health care and social assistance ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59 67 149 69 4,048 5,500 12,457 4,623 

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 23 25 30 2,559 2,006 1,390 2,092 

 Accommodation and food services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 50 82 85 68 3,764 8,145 10,549 5,100 

 Other services, except public administration..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 35 30 15 1,115 3,112 2,278 987 

 Unclassified ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1 2 6 631 62 181 361 

Government ..................................................................................................................................................................... 155 73 223 149 11,265 6,120 18,962 12,328 

 Federal ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 8 9 19 899 1,033 1,040 2,122 

 State ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 17 18 24 1,527 1,389 1,058 2,247 

 Local ..................................................................................................................................................................... 121 48 196 106 8,839 3,698 16,864 7,959 

 

1

 Data were reported by all states and the District of Columbia. p = preliminary.

 

2

 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 3. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by census region and division

Census region and division

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

July May June July July May June July

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 United States1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,087 988 1,379 2,094 226,435 87,501 134,588 253,929 

Northeast ..................................................................................................................................................................... 336 128 204 289 30,187 11,912 25,047 27,200 

 New England ..................................................................................................................................................................... 69 21 39 35 6,148 2,007 4,263 2,767 

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 267 107 165 254 24,039 9,905 20,784 24,433 

South ..................................................................................................................................................................... 440 285 337 487 48,895 27,666 31,374 55,404 

 South Atlantic ..................................................................................................................................................................... 200 138 183 225 22,033 12,730 16,796 23,319 

 East South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 128 63 48 151 14,232 7,512 3,702 20,698 

 West South Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 112 84 106 111 12,630 7,424 10,876 11,387 

Midwest ..................................................................................................................................................................... 697 237 300 706 101,533 22,294 31,267 118,913 

 East North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 589 172 234 604 79,361 17,057 24,316 99,614 

 West North Central ..................................................................................................................................................................... 108 65 66 102 22,172 5,237 6,951 19,299 

West ..................................................................................................................................................................... 614 338 538 612 45,820 25,629 46,900 52,412 

 Mountain ..................................................................................................................................................................... 53 39 53 53 4,179 3,580 3,979 5,010 

 Pacific ..................................................................................................................................................................... 561 299 485 559 41,641 22,049 42,921 47,402 

 

 

1

 See footnote 1, table 2. Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central:

 

 

p

 = preliminary. Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, 

 NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 

the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, 

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, 

Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, 

Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

 
Table 4. State distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance

State

Mass layoff events Initial claimants for

unemployment insurance

July May June July July May June July

2003 2004 2004p2004p2003 2004 2004p2004p

 Total1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2,087 988 1,379 2,094 226,435 87,501 134,588 253,929 

Alabama ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45 11 8 48 5,466 2,586 579 6,033 

Alaska ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 2

 ) 4 – – ( 2 ) 256 –

Arizona ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 14 17 19 1,634 1,438 1,307 1,812 

Arkansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 7 6 6 621 525 440 763 

California ..................................................................................................................................................................... 517 272 438 504 37,033 20,148 39,179 41,702 

Colorado ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 5 5 3 478 502 431 217 

Connecticut ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 5 10 4 833 327 1,117 255 

Delaware ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 – 4 ( 2

 ) 1,430 – 801 ( 2 ) 

District of Columbia ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) – ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) – ( 2 ) 470 

Florida ..................................................................................................................................................................... 76 67 93 90 5,356 5,152 6,466 6,491 

Georgia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 53 25 26 27 7,835 2,674 2,873 2,338 

Hawaii ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 3 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 205 214 

Idaho ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 4 4 11 957 347 291 944 

Illinois ..................................................................................................................................................................... 85 48 52 71 11,117 5,640 5,869 8,625 

Indiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 86 22 26 96 18,688 2,155 2,564 20,435 

Iowa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 6 13 22 4,674 515 1,417 3,552 

Kansas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 5 11 17 1,800 348 1,042 2,023 

Kentucky ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 26 16 79 7,110 2,452 1,210 12,944 

Louisiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 21 31 22 2,299 1,869 2,686 1,501 

Maine ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 178 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

Maryland ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 7 6 14 1,149 488 480 1,274 

Massachusetts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 43 11 16 19 3,947 1,333 1,573 1,435 

Michigan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 190 33 55 253 21,647 3,369 5,277 35,562 

Minnesota ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 12 20 13 2,127 959 2,258 1,884 

Mississippi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 10 8 8 460 879 427 500 

Missouri ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40 27 21 43 12,137 2,227 2,138 10,635 

Montana ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) 3 3 172 ( 2 ) 171 402 

Nebraska ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 8 ( 2

 ) 6 1,231 556 ( 2 ) 1,119 

Nevada ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 3 14 11 694 291 1,152 1,094 

New Hampshire ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 – 4 6 944 – 391 530 

New Jersey ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59 25 50 46 5,354 2,768 9,167 4,096 

New Mexico ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 9 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 715 268 ( 2 ) 

New York ..................................................................................................................................................................... 92 40 36 94 8,253 3,348 4,031 9,615 

North Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 16 13 13 1,298 1,346 1,014 1,118 

North Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 4 – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 290 – ( 2 ) 

Ohio ..................................................................................................................................................................... 133 38 61 122 17,086 3,305 6,755 26,605 

Oklahoma ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 4 10 10 1,947 347 2,690 1,919 

Oregon ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 9 21 32 2,891 562 1,772 3,921 

Pennsylvania ..................................................................................................................................................................... 116 42 79 114 10,432 3,789 7,586 10,722 

Rhode Island ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ( 2

 ) 6 4 246 ( 2 ) 992 381 

South Carolina ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 7 19 51 1,815 1,429 3,438 6,843 

South Dakota ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) 3 – – ( 2 ) 342 – –

Tennessee ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 16 16 16 1,196 1,595 1,486 1,221 

Texas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 75 52 59 73 7,763 4,683 5,060 7,204 

Utah ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 5 5 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 359 499 

Vermont ..................................................................................................................................................................... – ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) – – ( 2 ) ( 2 ) –

Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 14 17 24 2,981 1,536 1,318 2,989 

Washington ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 15 19 20 1,579 1,146 1,509 1,565 

West Virginia ..................................................................................................................................................................... ( 2

 ) ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 277 ( 2 ) 

Wisconsin ..................................................................................................................................................................... 95 31 40 62 10,823 2,588 3,851 8,387 

Wyoming ..................................................................................................................................................................... – – – – – – – –

Puerto Rico ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 4 10 14 1,116 640 896 1,234 

 1 See footnote 1, table 2.  p = preliminary.

 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero.