For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, October 24, 2013 USDL-13-2040

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2013

There were 3.9 million job openings on the last business day of August, little changed from July, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.3 percent) and separations rate (3.2

percent) also were little changed in August. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job 

openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region.

Job Openings

The number of job openings in August was 3.9 million, little changed from July. (See table 1.) The 

number of job openings rose in August in three industries and declined in state and local government. 

Job openings were up in the Northeast region. 

The number of job openings in August (not seasonally adjusted) rose over the year for total nonfarm and

total private but fell for government. Job openings levels increased in several industries and decreased in 

information. In the Midwest region, the number of job openings rose over the year. (See table 7.)

Hires

The number of hires in August was 4.5 million, essentially unchanged from July. The number of hires 

also was little changed for total private and government. Over the month, the number of hires was little 

changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Over the 12 months ending in August, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed

for total nonfarm and total private but fell in government. The number of hires increased over the year in 

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

September 2010 - August 2013

2013 2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

September 2010 - August 2013

2013
- 2 -

retail trade and in educational services and decreased in state and local government. The hires level was 

little changed in all regions. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.4 million total separations in August, little changed from July. The number of total 

separations for total private and government also was little changed.

In August, the quits rates were essentially unchanged at 1.7 percent for total nonfarm, 2.0 percent for 

total private, and 0.6 percent for government. The quits rate increased over the month for retail trade and 

was little changed in all other industries and in all regions. (See table 4.)

The quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) rose over the 12 months ending in August for total nonfarm and

total private but was unchanged for government. The quits rate was up in several industries and was 

down in mining and logging and in durable goods manufacturing. The quits rate increased over the year 

in the West region. (See table 10.)

The layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged in August at 1.2 percent. The rates also were little 

changed over the month for total private (1.4 percent) and government (0.4 percent). The rate rose in 

August for the Midwest region. Seasonally adjusted estimates of layoffs and discharges are not available

for individual industries. (See table 5.)

The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending 

in August for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Over the year, the layoffs and discharges rate 

increased in educational services and decreased in federal government and in state and local 

government. The rate decreased in the South region. (See table 11.)

In August, there were 363,000 other separations for total nonfarm, about the same as in July. The 

number of other separations also was essentially unchanged over the month for total private and 

government. Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are not available for individual

industries or regions. (See table 6.) Over the 12 months ending in August, the number of other 

separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in August 2013, hires totaled 52.3

million and separations totaled 50.4 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.9 million. These 

figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total.................................................... 3,632 3,808 3,883 4,405 4,497 4,488 4,341 4,273 4,376

Total private1....................................... 3,222 3,402 3,520 4,083 4,219 4,195 4,051 3,992 4,097

Construction...................................... 79 99 111 301 307 298 298 292 301

Manufacturing.................................... 257 234 272 232 222 231 248 238 229

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 613 655 732 903 906 947 895 838 931

Retail trade..................................... 371 413 428 591 635 672 604 568 669

Professional and business services........... 709 664 674 897 1,001 918 895 934 906

Education and health services3

............... 651 670 746 495 530 550 470 490 517

Health care and social assistance.......... 592 610 682 421 452 457 398 426 430

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 420 493 518 767 753 748 748 731 709

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 57 47 69 128 114 107 113 119 101

Accommodation and food services......... 363 446 449 640 639 641 635 612 609

Government4....................................... 409 406 363 322 277 294 289 281 279

State and local................................... 331 357 319 289 253 264 259 247 247

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total.................................................... 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2

Total private1

....................................... 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6

Construction...................................... 1.4 1.7 1.9 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.2

Manufacturing.................................... 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.6

Retail trade..................................... 2.4 2.6 2.7 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.1 3.7 4.4

Professional and business services........... 3.8 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9

Education and health services3............... 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance.......... 3.4 3.4 3.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 3.0 3.4 3.5 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 2.8 2.3 3.3 6.5 5.6 5.3 5.7 5.9 5.0

Accommodation and food services......... 3.0 3.5 3.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.0 5.0

Government4

....................................... 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local................................... 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total............................................. 3,632 3,800 3,907 3,869 3,808 3,883 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,222 3,400 3,479 3,459 3,402 3,520 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0

Construction............................... 79 99 102 120 99 111 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.9

Manufacturing............................. 257 243 237 210 234 272 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 613 715 784 712 655 732 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.7

Retail trade.............................. 371 455 514 473 413 428 2.4 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.7

Professional and business services. . .. 709 731 632 685 664 674 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 651 662 660 665 670 746 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.5

Health care and social assistance. .. 592 600 602 598 610 682 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 420 468 477 483 493 518 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 57 57 59 49 47 69 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.3 3.3

Accommodation and food services... 363 410 419 434 446 449 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6

Government7

................................ 409 401 428 411 406 363 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6

State and local............................ 331 330 367 356 357 319 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 650 638 654 658 619 716 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.7

South.......................................... 1,439 1,525 1,555 1,504 1,464 1,452 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9

Midwest....................................... 766 805 886 918 843 872 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7

West........................................... 776 831 812 789 881 844 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,405 4,395 4,490 4,318 4,497 4,488 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 4,083 4,100 4,206 4,036 4,219 4,195 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7

Construction............................... 301 283 317 309 307 298 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1

Manufacturing............................. 232 222 239 225 222 231 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 903 868 889 842 906 947 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.6

Retail trade.............................. 591 598 620 586 635 672 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.4

Professional and business services. . .. 897 912 890 928 1,001 918 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.4 4.9

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 495 544 541 470 530 550 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.7

Health care and social assistance. .. 421 465 468 403 452 457 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 767 809 802 793 753 748 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 128 123 124 133 114 107 6.5 6.1 6.1 6.5 5.6 5.3

Accommodation and food services... 640 686 678 660 639 641 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3

Government7

................................ 322 295 284 282 277 294 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local............................ 289 262 258 253 253 264 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 680 742 724 671 663 719 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8

South.......................................... 1,733 1,720 1,760 1,714 1,761 1,766 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6

Midwest....................................... 1,007 952 1,036 945 1,105 1,024 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.3

West........................................... 985 981 971 988 968 979 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,341 4,287 4,381 4,228 4,273 4,376 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 4,051 3,987 4,081 3,913 3,992 4,097 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6

Construction............................... 298 300 306 310 292 301 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.2

Manufacturing............................. 248 224 249 224 238 229 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 895 857 883 789 838 931 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.6

Retail trade.............................. 604 604 613 549 568 669 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.7 4.4

Professional and business services. . .. 895 858 848 891 934 906 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.9

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 470 518 544 480 490 517 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance. .. 398 445 477 413 426 430 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 748 779 734 740 731 709 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 113 120 108 107 119 101 5.7 6.0 5.3 5.2 5.9 5.0

Accommodation and food services... 635 659 626 633 612 609 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0

Government7

................................ 289 300 300 315 281 279 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

State and local............................ 259 256 261 281 247 247 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 669 697 695 679 685 749 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.9

South.......................................... 1,678 1,645 1,726 1,739 1,734 1,597 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.2

Midwest....................................... 1,033 924 986 887 894 1,009 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.3

West........................................... 961 1,021 974 923 961 1,021 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total.............................................. 2,139 2,185 2,233 2,205 2,342 2,364 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 2,013 2,040 2,098 2,063 2,208 2,229 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0

Construction............................... 74 98 103 106 100 98 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7

Manufacturing............................. 111 109 112 99 114 96 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 468 470 453 461 459 550 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.1

Retail trade.............................. 327 340 321 329 347 430 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.8

Professional and business services. . .. 376 410 418 455 541 476 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.6

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 275 283 283 286 285 299 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. .. 232 251 246 254 258 260 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 432 454 464 436 454 440 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 41 42 42 46 48 43 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.1

Accommodation and food services... 391 412 422 390 406 396 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3

Government7

................................ 126 146 135 142 134 135 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

State and local............................ 117 134 124 131 122 124 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 321 308 323 298 321 352 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4

South.......................................... 903 918 964 934 1,006 980 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0

Midwest....................................... 476 516 494 525 525 515 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

West........................................... 439 444 452 448 490 518 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total.............................................. 1,859 1,741 1,752 1,602 1,589 1,648 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 1,758 1,645 1,649 1,503 1,498 1,563 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 101 96 103 99 91 85 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 271 324 302 309 307 330 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

South.......................................... 670 601 625 647 608 496 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0

Midwest....................................... 464 325 416 277 294 426 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.4

West........................................... 454 491 410 370 380 397 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total.............................................. 343 360 396 420 342 363 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 281 302 333 347 286 305 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 62 58 63 73 56 58 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

South.......................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

West........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 3,718 4,077 3,982 2.7 2.9 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 3,280 3,647 3,593 2.8 3.1 3.0

Mining and logging................................................ 15 26 23 1.7 2.8 2.5

Construction........................................................ 82 105 117 1.4 1.7 1.9

Manufacturing...................................................... 260 257 276 2.1 2.1 2.2

Durable goods................................................... 159 156 182 2.1 2.0 2.4

Nondurable goods.............................................. 101 101 94 2.2 2.2 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 649 708 781 2.5 2.7 2.9

Wholesale trade................................................. 138 135 153 2.4 2.3 2.6

Retail trade....................................................... 406 447 469 2.7 2.9 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 105 126 159 2.1 2.5 3.1

Information.......................................................... 122 92 63 4.3 3.3 2.3

Financial activities................................................. 260 322 252 3.2 3.9 3.1

Finance and insurance......................................... 201 272 181 3.3 4.4 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 59 50 71 2.9 2.4 3.4

Professional and business services............................. 729 688 689 3.9 3.5 3.5

Education and health services................................... 637 704 739 3.1 3.3 3.5

Educational services............................................ 64 70 69 2.1 2.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 573 634 670 3.3 3.5 3.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 439 550 544 3.0 3.6 3.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 63 46 80 2.7 1.9 3.4

Accommodation and food services........................... 377 504 464 3.0 3.9 3.6

Other services...................................................... 86 195 109 1.5 3.4 1.9

Government........................................................... 438 430 388 2.1 2.0 1.8

Federal.............................................................. 84 48 45 2.9 1.7 1.6

State and local..................................................... 353 382 344 1.9 2.1 1.9

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 691 650 764 2.7 2.5 2.9

South................................................................... 1,427 1,579 1,429 2.9 3.1 2.8

Midwest................................................................ 815 906 932 2.6 2.9 2.9

West.................................................................... 785 941 856 2.6 3.1 2.8

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 4,907 4,952 4,993 3.7 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 4,346 4,633 4,482 3.8 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging................................................ 32 34 28 3.7 3.8 3.1

Construction........................................................ 292 363 283 4.9 6.0 4.6

Manufacturing...................................................... 253 249 253 2.1 2.1 2.1

Durable goods................................................... 150 144 153 2.0 1.9 2.0

Nondurable goods.............................................. 103 105 100 2.3 2.3 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 941 922 1,005 3.7 3.6 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................. 150 134 113 2.6 2.3 2.0

Retail trade....................................................... 625 630 722 4.2 4.1 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 166 158 169 3.4 3.2 3.4

Information.......................................................... 78 79 79 2.9 2.9 2.9

Financial activities................................................. 198 243 213 2.5 3.1 2.7

Finance and insurance......................................... 126 161 141 2.2 2.7 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 72 82 71 3.6 4.0 3.5

Professional and business services............................. 918 1,070 937 5.1 5.7 5.0

Education and health services................................... 629 613 710 3.1 3.0 3.5

Educational services............................................ 122 105 160 4.0 3.4 5.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 507 508 550 3.0 2.9 3.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 825 831 790 5.7 5.6 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 119 121 93 5.3 5.2 4.1

Accommodation and food services........................... 705 710 697 5.8 5.7 5.6

Other services...................................................... 180 229 185 3.3 4.1 3.3

Government........................................................... 562 319 512 2.7 1.6 2.5

Federal.............................................................. 37 23 33 1.3 0.8 1.2

State and local..................................................... 525 297 478 2.9 1.7 2.7

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 677 770 715 2.7 3.0 2.8

South................................................................... 1,995 1,892 2,018 4.1 3.8 4.1

Midwest................................................................ 1,138 1,160 1,169 3.7 3.8 3.8

West.................................................................... 1,099 1,131 1,091 3.7 3.8 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 5,144 4,680 5,279 3.8 3.5 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 4,696 4,316 4,863 4.2 3.8 4.2

Mining and logging................................................ 36 30 26 4.2 3.4 2.9

Construction........................................................ 300 313 307 5.1 5.2 5.0

Manufacturing...................................................... 300 249 280 2.5 2.1 2.3

Durable goods................................................... 188 149 157 2.5 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods.............................................. 112 100 124 2.5 2.2 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 983 863 1,064 3.9 3.3 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................. 143 132 111 2.5 2.3 1.9

Retail trade....................................................... 674 569 783 4.5 3.7 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 166 162 170 3.4 3.3 3.4

Information.......................................................... 83 70 105 3.1 2.6 3.9

Financial activities................................................. 213 207 250 2.7 2.6 3.1

Finance and insurance......................................... 135 141 168 2.3 2.4 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 78 66 82 3.9 3.2 4.1

Professional and business services............................. 962 1,016 1,020 5.3 5.4 5.4

Education and health services................................... 597 584 669 3.0 2.9 3.3

Educational services............................................ 108 105 139 3.5 3.4 4.5

Health care and social assistance............................ 489 480 530 2.9 2.8 3.1

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 961 776 908 6.7 5.2 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 170 103 150 7.6 4.4 6.6

Accommodation and food services........................... 791 673 758 6.5 5.4 6.0

Other services...................................................... 260 208 235 4.7 3.7 4.3

Government........................................................... 449 364 417 2.2 1.8 2.0

Federal.............................................................. 42 31 41 1.5 1.1 1.5

State and local..................................................... 406 333 376 2.3 1.9 2.1

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 817 730 917 3.2 2.8 3.6

South................................................................... 2,011 1,939 1,924 4.1 3.9 3.9

Midwest................................................................ 1,238 936 1,266 4.1 3.0 4.1

West.................................................................... 1,080 1,075 1,172 3.7 3.6 3.9

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 2,796 2,685 3,109 2.1 2.0 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 2,593 2,521 2,893 2.3 2.2 2.5

Mining and logging................................................ 22 14 15 2.5 1.5 1.7

Construction........................................................ 93 126 122 1.6 2.1 2.0

Manufacturing...................................................... 157 128 135 1.3 1.1 1.1

Durable goods................................................... 93 81 67 1.2 1.1 0.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 65 48 68 1.4 1.1 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 591 489 704 2.3 1.9 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................. 78 46 63 1.4 0.8 1.1

Retail trade....................................................... 417 364 559 2.8 2.4 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 95 79 82 1.9 1.6 1.6

Information.......................................................... 48 41 65 1.8 1.5 2.4

Financial activities................................................. 123 117 152 1.6 1.5 1.9

Finance and insurance......................................... 83 78 104 1.4 1.3 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 40 39 48 2.0 1.9 2.3

Professional and business services............................. 466 637 595 2.6 3.4 3.2

Education and health services................................... 353 324 391 1.8 1.6 1.9

Educational services............................................ 66 35 68 2.2 1.1 2.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 287 289 323 1.7 1.7 1.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 590 529 593 4.1 3.6 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 76 63 77 3.4 2.7 3.4

Accommodation and food services........................... 514 466 516 4.2 3.7 4.1

Other services...................................................... 148 118 121 2.7 2.1 2.2

Government........................................................... 203 164 216 1.0 0.8 1.0

Federal.............................................................. 15 12 18 0.5 0.4 0.6

State and local..................................................... 188 151 198 1.0 0.9 1.1

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 429 356 483 1.7 1.4 1.9

South................................................................... 1,156 1,157 1,253 2.4 2.3 2.5

Midwest................................................................ 660 601 708 2.2 2.0 2.3

West.................................................................... 552 571 665 1.9 1.9 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 1,989 1,595 1,790 1.5 1.2 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 1,814 1,478 1,653 1.6 1.3 1.4

Mining and logging................................................ 12 14 8 1.4 1.6 0.9

Construction........................................................ 193 179 165 3.3 2.9 2.7

Manufacturing...................................................... 117 89 120 1.0 0.7 1.0

Durable goods................................................... 79 50 74 1.1 0.7 1.0

Nondurable goods.............................................. 38 40 46 0.8 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 324 290 269 1.3 1.1 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................. 54 75 31 1.0 1.3 0.5

Retail trade....................................................... 212 156 166 1.4 1.0 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 57 59 73 1.2 1.2 1.5

Information.......................................................... 31 25 34 1.1 0.9 1.3

Financial activities................................................. 63 57 67 0.8 0.7 0.8

Finance and insurance......................................... 36 36 37 0.6 0.6 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 27 20 30 1.3 1.0 1.5

Professional and business services............................. 459 342 394 2.5 1.8 2.1

Education and health services................................... 186 190 218 0.9 0.9 1.1

Educational services............................................ 36 63 63 1.2 2.1 2.0

Health care and social assistance............................ 150 126 155 0.9 0.7 0.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 332 209 285 2.3 1.4 1.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 91 35 71 4.1 1.5 3.1

Accommodation and food services........................... 240 174 214 2.0 1.4 1.7

Other services...................................................... 97 82 92 1.8 1.5 1.7

Government........................................................... 175 117 137 0.8 0.6 0.7

Federal.............................................................. 18 9 12 0.7 0.3 0.4

State and local..................................................... 157 109 126 0.9 0.6 0.7

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 314 307 366 1.2 1.2 1.4

South................................................................... 745 642 546 1.5 1.3 1.1

Midwest................................................................ 465 250 476 1.5 0.8 1.5

West.................................................................... 465 397 402 1.6 1.3 1.3

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Aug.

2012

July

2013

Aug.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 359 400 380 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 290 317 317 0.3 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging................................................ 2 2 2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Construction........................................................ 14 8 20 0.2 0.1 0.3

Manufacturing...................................................... 25 32 25 0.2 0.3 0.2

Durable goods................................................... 16 19 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods.............................................. 10 13 9 0.2 0.3 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 68 84 90 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................. 11 11 17 0.2 0.2 0.3

Retail trade....................................................... 44 49 58 0.3 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 14 24 15 0.3 0.5 0.3

Information.......................................................... 4 4 6 0.1 0.2 0.2

Financial activities................................................. 28 33 31 0.4 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance......................................... 16 27 26 0.3 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 12 6 5 0.6 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services............................. 37 37 31 0.2 0.2 0.2

Education and health services................................... 57 70 60 0.3 0.3 0.3

Educational services............................................ 6 6 8 0.2 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance............................ 51 64 51 0.3 0.4 0.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 39 38 30 0.3 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 3 5 2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services........................... 37 34 28 0.3 0.3 0.2

Other services...................................................... 15 8 21 0.3 0.1 0.4

Government........................................................... 70 83 63 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal.............................................................. 9 10 11 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local..................................................... 61 73 52 0.3 0.4 0.3

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 74 67 67 0.3 0.3 0.3

South................................................................... 109 140 126 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest................................................................ 113 85 82 0.4 0.3 0.3

West.................................................................... 64 108 105 0.2 0.4 0.4

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.