For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, December 17, 2019 USDL-19-2193

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2019

The number of job openings edged up to 7.3 million (+235,000) on the last business day of October, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little 

changed at 5.8 million and 5.6 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 

2.3 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of October, the job openings level edged up to 7.3 million (+235,000). The job 

openings rate edged up to 4.6 percent. The largest increases in job openings levels were in retail trade

(+125,000), finance and insurance (+56,000), and durable goods manufacturing (+50,000). The largest 

decreases in job openings were in nondurable goods manufacturing (-36,000), information (-33,000), 

and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-26,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all 

four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

Both the number of hires, at 5.8 million, and the hires rate, at 3.8 percent, changed little in October. The 

number of hires edged down for total private (-194,000) and was little changed for government. The 

hires level decreased in retail trade (-97,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions.

(See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In October, the number and rate of total separations was little changed at 5.6 million and 3.7 percent,

respectively. The number of total separations edged down for total private (-186,000), led by a decrease 

in retail trade (-109,000) and wholesale trade (-33,000). In government, the number of total separations 

edged up (+24,000), primarily due to the increase in federal government (+13,000). The total separations 

level decreased in the South region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in October at 3.5 million and the rate was unchanged at 2.3

percent. Quits increased in other services (+66,000) and educational services (+12,000). Quits decreased

in retail trade (-63,000) and in durable goods manufacturing (-21,000). The number of quits was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in October to 1.8 million (-202,000). The layoffs and 

discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 

accommodation and food services (-98,000) and other services (-44,000). The number of layoffs and 

discharges increased in federal government (+16,000), mainly due to layoffs of temporary Census 2020 

workers. The layoffs and discharges level decreased in the South region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in October. The other separations level was also 

little changed for total private and for government. Other separations decreased in nondurable goods 

manufacturing (-5,000) and in federal government (-3,000). The number of other separations was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in October, hires totaled 69.8 million and 

separations totaled 67.4 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2019 are scheduled to be 

released on Friday, January 17, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,593 7,032 7,267 5,877 5,951 5,764 5,642 5,798 5,636

Total private....................................... 6,956 6,314 6,523 5,515 5,596 5,402 5,279 5,454 5,268

Mining and logging1............................ 36 34 21 37 25 26 31 24 28

Construction1................................... 278 327 311 363 451 485 344 428 460

Manufacturing.................................. 500 462 477 382 338 319 352 349 313

Durable goods1.............................. 311 292 342 228 194 182 208 203 181

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 189 170 134 155 144 137 144 145 132

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,558 1,285 1,464 1,225 1,197 1,095 1,195 1,204 1,063

Wholesale trade............................. 219 202 250 163 165 146 154 167 134

Retail trade................................... 1,080 741 866 785 788 691 801 801 692

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 259 343 348 277 244 258 240 236 237

Information1

..................................... 149 162 129 85 88 101 68 84 95

Financial activities.............................. 435 360 421 170 230 208 166 215 197

Finance and insurance..................... 303 267 323 102 145 127 104 132 120

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 132 92 98 68 85 81 63 83 77

Professional and business services......... 1,363 1,241 1,183 1,200 1,209 1,152 1,161 1,168 1,129

Education and health services............... 1,285 1,205 1,284 715 719 719 663 655 665

Educational services1

....................... 92 125 139 97 96 111 99 87 96

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,192 1,080 1,145 618 623 608 564 568 570

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,039 992 967 1,114 1,150 1,094 1,079 1,125 1,096

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 94 154 128 191 167 161 176 154 175

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 944 838 839 923 984 932 904 972 922

Other services.................................. 314 245 266 224 188 202 219 201 221

Government....................................... 637 719 744 362 355 362 363 344 368

Federal1

......................................... 101 110 99 37 41 40 32 41 54

State and local................................. 536 608 645 325 314 321 332 304 314

State and local education.................. 231 222 232 170 154 164 185 153 159

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 304 387 412 155 160 157 147 151 156

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.8 4.4 4.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7

Total private....................................... 5.2 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging1

............................ 4.6 4.4 2.7 4.9 3.4 3.5 4.2 3.2 3.8

Construction1

................................... 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.9 6.0 6.4 4.7 5.7 6.1

Manufacturing.................................. 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.4

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.7 3.5 4.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.2

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.8 3.4 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.3 4.4 5.0 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.3 3.8

Wholesale trade............................. 3.6 3.3 4.0 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.2

Retail trade................................... 6.4 4.5 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.4 5.1 5.1 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.1 5.3 5.4 4.6 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9

Information1

..................................... 5.0 5.4 4.4 3.0 3.1 3.6 2.4 3.0 3.4

Financial activities.............................. 4.8 4.0 4.6 2.0 2.6 2.4 1.9 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 4.6 4.0 4.8 1.6 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 5.5 3.8 4.0 3.0 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.6 3.3

Professional and business services......... 6.0 5.4 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.2

Education and health services............... 5.1 4.7 5.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.4 3.2 3.5 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.6 5.0 5.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.9 5.6 5.4 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.7 5.9 4.9 7.9 6.7 6.5 7.2 6.2 7.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.3 5.5 5.5 6.6 6.9 6.5 6.4 6.8 6.4

Other services.................................. 5.1 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Government....................................... 2.8 3.1 3.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 3.5 3.7 3.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.9

State and local................................. 2.6 3.0 3.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6

State and local education.................. 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.2 4.0 4.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total............................................... 7,593 7,248 7,174 7,301 7,032 7,267 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,956 6,560 6,462 6,562 6,314 6,523 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8

Mining and logging3....................... 36 29 41 33 34 21 4.6 3.7 5.2 4.3 4.4 2.7

Construction3

............................... 278 331 360 384 327 311 3.6 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.2 4.0

Manufacturing.............................. 500 515 513 470 462 477 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6

Durable goods3

.......................... 311 322 317 321 292 342 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 4.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 189 193 196 149 170 134 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.0 3.4 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,558 1,390 1,256 1,337 1,285 1,464 5.3 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.4 5.0

Wholesale trade......................... 219 213 169 193 202 250 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.3 4.0

Retail trade............................... 1,080 863 793 816 741 866 6.4 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.5 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 259 314 294 327 343 348 4.1 4.9 4.6 5.1 5.3 5.4

Information3................................. 149 129 177 137 162 129 5.0 4.4 5.9 4.6 5.4 4.4

Financial activities......................... 435 378 379 377 360 421 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.6

Finance and insurance................. 303 260 249 269 267 323 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.8

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 132 118 130 107 92 98 5.5 4.8 5.3 4.4 3.8 4.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,363 1,292 1,238 1,305 1,241 1,183 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.2

Education and health services........... 1,285 1,322 1,287 1,330 1,205 1,284 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.0

Educational services3................... 92 127 135 135 125 139 2.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,192 1,195 1,152 1,195 1,080 1,145 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,039 913 959 929 992 967 5.9 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 94 104 101 120 154 128 3.7 4.1 4.0 4.7 5.9 4.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 944 809 858 809 838 839 6.3 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.5

Other services.............................. 314 261 252 261 245 266 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.3

Government................................... 637 688 712 739 719 744 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2

Federal3

..................................... 101 110 127 121 110 99 3.5 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.4

State and local............................. 536 578 585 618 608 645 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2

State and local education.............. 231 217 212 218 222 232 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 304 360 373 400 387 412 3.2 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,277 1,231 1,172 1,348 1,203 1,228 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.1 4.2

South........................................... 2,862 2,641 2,634 2,765 2,687 2,800 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.8

Midwest........................................ 1,800 1,689 1,690 1,569 1,563 1,669 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.8

West............................................ 1,655 1,688 1,677 1,620 1,580 1,571 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,877 5,716 5,978 5,884 5,951 5,764 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,515 5,377 5,620 5,489 5,596 5,402 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 37 21 23 21 25 26 4.9 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.5

Construction................................ 363 413 374 414 451 485 4.9 5.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.4

Manufacturing.............................. 382 336 338 337 338 319 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5

Durable goods........................... 228 194 190 192 194 182 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 155 142 148 145 144 137 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,225 1,177 1,233 1,173 1,197 1,095 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.3 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 163 154 169 145 165 146 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.5

Retail trade............................... 785 798 804 782 788 691 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 277 225 260 245 244 258 4.6 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.2

Information.................................. 85 93 94 95 88 101 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.6

Financial activities......................... 170 219 256 235 230 208 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.4

Finance and insurance................. 102 128 163 148 145 127 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 68 91 94 86 85 81 3.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,200 1,112 1,180 1,163 1,209 1,152 5.7 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.3

Education and health services........... 715 676 750 686 719 719 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9

Educational services.................... 97 93 108 94 96 111 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 618 583 642 593 623 608 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,114 1,114 1,150 1,135 1,150 1,094 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 191 128 155 161 167 161 7.9 5.2 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 923 986 995 973 984 932 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.5

Other services.............................. 224 217 221 229 188 202 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.2 3.4

Government................................... 362 339 358 396 355 362 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 37 33 37 70 41 40 1.3 1.2 1.3 2.5 1.4 1.4

State and local............................. 325 306 322 325 314 321 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 170 166 172 169 154 164 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 155 140 150 156 160 157 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 870 891 964 935 900 918 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3

South........................................... 2,394 2,293 2,420 2,306 2,413 2,312 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,287 1,249 1,274 1,285 1,295 1,240 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7

West............................................ 1,326 1,283 1,320 1,358 1,343 1,293 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,642 5,513 5,810 5,732 5,798 5,636 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,279 5,174 5,473 5,385 5,454 5,268 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 31 24 27 28 24 28 4.2 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.2 3.8

Construction................................ 344 407 376 415 428 460 4.7 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.7 6.1

Manufacturing.............................. 352 331 326 320 349 313 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.4

Durable goods........................... 208 180 177 183 203 181 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 144 151 149 137 145 132 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,195 1,118 1,217 1,202 1,204 1,063 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.3 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 154 152 165 145 167 134 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.2

Retail trade............................... 801 767 807 817 801 692 5.1 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 240 199 246 241 236 237 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9

Information.................................. 68 90 95 94 84 95 2.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.4

Financial activities......................... 166 219 231 240 215 197 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 104 125 140 151 132 120 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 63 94 91 89 83 77 2.8 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,161 1,059 1,148 1,145 1,168 1,129 5.5 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.2

Education and health services........... 663 611 682 633 655 665 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7

Educational services.................... 99 89 91 98 87 96 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 564 522 590 535 568 570 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,079 1,096 1,144 1,110 1,125 1,096 6.6 6.6 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 176 136 150 159 154 175 7.2 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.2 7.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 904 960 994 951 972 922 6.4 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.4

Other services.............................. 219 218 226 199 201 221 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.7

Government................................... 363 339 336 347 344 368 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 32 33 37 40 41 54 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.9

State and local............................. 332 306 300 307 304 314 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 185 174 158 153 153 159 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 147 132 142 154 151 156 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 816 896 870 914 863 922 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3

South........................................... 2,193 2,114 2,237 2,287 2,301 2,141 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,314 1,224 1,298 1,195 1,272 1,194 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.6

West............................................ 1,319 1,278 1,404 1,336 1,363 1,379 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total............................................... 3,469 3,462 3,668 3,601 3,471 3,512 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,287 3,278 3,487 3,419 3,288 3,333 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6

Mining and logging......................... 19 13 14 14 11 13 2.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.8

Construction................................ 180 186 177 182 187 181 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 205 203 195 197 214 186 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4

Durable goods........................... 112 114 103 114 126 105 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3

Nondurable goods....................... 93 89 92 83 88 81 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 732 745 771 777 731 659 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 85 90 89 87 80 68 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1

Retail trade............................... 514 540 545 554 522 459 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 133 115 137 136 129 131 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1

Information.................................. 43 50 43 49 43 46 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

Financial activities......................... 108 137 138 152 128 136 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6

Finance and insurance................. 61 77 88 92 88 92 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 47 60 50 61 41 44 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.6 1.7 1.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 673 621 679 646 654 648 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0

Education and health services........... 461 412 485 459 442 463 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9

Educational services.................... 66 54 61 56 50 62 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 395 359 424 402 393 401 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 732 782 822 831 754 811 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 89 77 80 83 77 88 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 643 705 742 748 677 723 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.3 4.7 5.0

Other services.............................. 134 128 165 113 124 190 2.3 2.1 2.8 1.9 2.1 3.2

Government................................... 182 183 181 181 182 179 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 16 14 17 18 18 18 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 166 170 164 164 165 161 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 92 98 88 87 88 85 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 74 71 75 77 76 76 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 406 507 502 546 468 518 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.9

South........................................... 1,436 1,392 1,479 1,440 1,369 1,389 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5

Midwest........................................ 797 763 836 759 789 770 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3

West............................................ 831 800 852 856 845 834 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total............................................... 1,855 1,711 1,788 1,812 1,971 1,769 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,731 1,615 1,698 1,709 1,871 1,646 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

Mining and logging......................... 10 8 12 10 12 14 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.8

Construction................................ 148 211 183 218 218 259 2.0 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.9 3.4

Manufacturing.............................. 130 109 112 104 112 109 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods........................... 83 55 63 57 65 63 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 47 54 49 48 48 46 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 409 313 372 368 400 335 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2

Wholesale trade3

........................ 58 56 63 54 77 56 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.9

Retail trade............................... 256 184 216 227 235 190 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 96 73 93 88 88 90 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5

Information.................................. 21 28 42 38 36 41 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4

Financial activities......................... 34 63 63 59 62 38 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 20 31 27 33 25 12 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 14 31 36 26 37 26 0.6 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 418 376 410 441 456 422 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0

Education and health services........... 165 164 159 137 178 165 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 28 30 26 36 33 27 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 136 134 133 100 145 138 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 320 272 296 257 335 246 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 85 57 67 71 72 81 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 236 215 229 186 263 165 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.2

Other services.............................. 75 71 49 76 62 18 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.3

Government................................... 125 97 91 102 100 123 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

Federal...................................... 7 8 7 10 9 25 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.9

State and local............................. 118 89 84 93 91 98 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local education.............. 67 53 44 43 41 46 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 51 36 41 49 50 51 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 350 316 308 314 330 341 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

South........................................... 663 601 624 717 788 627 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1

Midwest........................................ 442 397 396 375 406 351 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0

West............................................ 401 397 460 406 446 450 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total............................................... 318 340 353 320 356 355 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 261 281 288 256 295 288 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 3 1 3 1 1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2

Construction3

............................... 16 9 17 16 22 20 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 16 19 19 19 23 18 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 12 12 12 12 13 13 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 4 7 8 6 10 5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 55 60 75 58 73 69 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 12 5 13 4 10 10 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 31 43 45 37 44 43 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 12 11 17 17 19 16 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 3 11 11 6 6 9 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3

Financial activities......................... 24 20 30 28 25 23 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 23 17 25 26 19 17 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 1 3 5 2 6 6 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 70 62 59 58 59 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 38 35 38 37 35 37 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Educational services.................... 5 5 4 5 5 7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 33 30 33 33 30 30 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 27 42 26 22 37 39 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 2 2 3 5 5 6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 25 39 24 16 32 33 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 9 20 12 10 15 13 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Government................................... 57 59 65 64 62 67 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 9 11 13 12 14 11 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 48 48 52 51 48 55 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local education.............. 26 23 26 23 23 27 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 21 25 26 28 25 28 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 61 73 61 54 64 63 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 95 121 134 130 144 124 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 74 64 66 61 76 73 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 88 81 92 74 72 95 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 7,884 7,097 7,626 5.0 4.5 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 7,256 6,384 6,884 5.4 4.7 5.0

Mining and logging............................................... 36 34 21 4.5 4.3 2.7

Construction....................................................... 278 327 311 3.6 4.1 3.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 500 462 477 3.8 3.5 3.6

Durable goods.................................................. 311 292 342 3.7 3.5 4.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 189 170 134 3.8 3.4 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,728 1,413 1,680 5.9 4.9 5.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 215 192 246 3.5 3.1 4.0

Retail trade..................................................... 1,254 878 1,085 7.4 5.3 6.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 259 343 348 4.1 5.3 5.4

Information........................................................ 149 162 129 5.0 5.4 4.4

Financial activities................................................ 450 355 444 5.0 3.9 4.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 318 262 346 4.8 4.0 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 132 92 98 5.5 3.8 4.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,464 1,282 1,276 6.4 5.6 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 1,329 1,168 1,323 5.2 4.6 5.1

Educational services.......................................... 92 125 139 2.3 3.2 3.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,237 1,043 1,184 5.8 4.8 5.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,002 943 924 5.8 5.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 87 125 118 3.5 4.7 4.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 915 818 806 6.1 5.4 5.3

Other services.................................................... 321 238 298 5.2 3.9 4.8

Government.......................................................... 628 713 743 2.7 3.1 3.1

Federal............................................................. 101 110 99 3.5 3.7 3.4

State and local.................................................... 526 603 644 2.6 3.0 3.1

State and local education..................................... 222 216 231 2.0 2.0 2.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 304 387 412 3.2 4.0 4.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,325 1,243 1,286 4.6 4.3 4.4

South................................................................. 2,923 2,680 2,916 5.0 4.6 5.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,887 1,574 1,771 5.4 4.5 5.0

West.................................................................. 1,749 1,600 1,653 4.8 4.4 4.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,344 6,027 6,150 4.2 4.0 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,991 5,596 5,797 4.7 4.3 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 37 26 27 4.9 3.4 3.6

Construction....................................................... 362 431 493 4.8 5.6 6.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 387 349 317 3.0 2.7 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 225 196 176 2.8 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 162 153 142 3.4 3.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,531 1,228 1,360 5.5 4.4 4.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 185 165 159 3.1 2.8 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 1,007 801 876 6.4 5.1 5.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 338 262 324 5.6 4.3 5.3

Information........................................................ 100 87 117 3.5 3.1 4.1

Financial activities................................................ 199 213 228 2.3 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 126 133 146 2.0 2.1 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 73 81 83 3.2 3.4 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,269 1,188 1,193 5.9 5.5 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 787 784 795 3.3 3.2 3.2

Educational services.......................................... 93 154 111 2.4 4.1 2.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 694 630 683 3.4 3.1 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,106 1,114 1,076 6.7 6.6 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 174 136 151 7.3 5.4 6.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 932 978 924 6.6 6.8 6.4

Other services.................................................... 213 175 191 3.6 2.9 3.2

Government.......................................................... 353 431 353 1.5 1.9 1.5

Federal............................................................. 39 44 44 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local.................................................... 315 388 309 1.6 2.0 1.5

State and local education..................................... 176 242 168 1.6 2.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 139 146 141 1.5 1.6 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 917 957 957 3.3 3.4 3.4

South................................................................. 2,582 2,414 2,472 4.7 4.3 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,374 1,303 1,309 4.1 3.9 3.9

West.................................................................. 1,471 1,354 1,412 4.2 3.8 4.0

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 5,798 6,160 5,759 3.8 4.1 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,497 5,770 5,441 4.3 4.5 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 32 22 28 4.2 3.0 3.8

Construction....................................................... 363 444 495 4.8 5.8 6.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 363 366 319 2.8 2.8 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 209 212 181 2.6 2.6 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 155 154 138 3.2 3.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,189 1,185 1,042 4.3 4.3 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 165 166 141 2.8 2.8 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 784 804 663 5.0 5.1 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 240 215 238 4.0 3.5 3.9

Information........................................................ 67 87 92 2.3 3.1 3.2

Financial activities................................................ 167 210 196 1.9 2.4 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 103 129 119 1.6 2.0 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 63 81 77 2.8 3.5 3.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,209 1,178 1,153 5.7 5.4 5.3

Education and health services.................................. 656 651 670 2.7 2.7 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 69 87 69 1.8 2.3 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 587 564 601 2.9 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,233 1,397 1,227 7.5 8.3 7.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 231 254 236 9.6 10.1 9.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,003 1,143 990 7.2 7.9 6.9

Other services.................................................... 218 231 219 3.7 3.9 3.7

Government.......................................................... 301 389 317 1.3 1.7 1.4

Federal............................................................. 34 45 55 1.2 1.6 1.9

State and local.................................................... 267 345 262 1.3 1.7 1.3

State and local education..................................... 117 123 104 1.1 1.2 1.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 150 221 158 1.6 2.4 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 810 1,038 944 2.9 3.7 3.4

South................................................................. 2,242 2,355 2,138 4.1 4.2 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,381 1,349 1,236 4.2 4.0 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,365 1,417 1,441 3.9 4.0 4.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 3,564 3,673 3,583 2.4 2.4 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,412 3,486 3,436 2.7 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 20 13 14 2.6 1.7 1.9

Construction....................................................... 188 203 190 2.5 2.6 2.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 209 222 187 1.6 1.7 1.5

Durable goods.................................................. 115 130 106 1.4 1.6 1.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 94 92 81 2.0 1.9 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 775 765 687 2.8 2.8 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 94 81 74 1.6 1.4 1.2

Retail trade..................................................... 530 558 466 3.4 3.6 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 151 126 147 2.5 2.1 2.4

Information........................................................ 43 44 43 1.5 1.6 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 109 132 137 1.3 1.5 1.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 61 91 93 1.0 1.4 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 47 41 44 2.1 1.7 1.9

Professional and business services............................ 719 665 682 3.4 3.1 3.1

Education and health services.................................. 474 449 482 2.0 1.8 2.0

Educational services.......................................... 49 56 50 1.3 1.5 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 424 393 432 2.1 1.9 2.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 745 858 826 4.5 5.1 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 87 104 90 3.6 4.1 3.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 658 753 736 4.7 5.2 5.1

Other services.................................................... 133 136 187 2.3 2.3 3.1

Government.......................................................... 152 187 146 0.7 0.8 0.6

Federal............................................................. 17 19 18 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local.................................................... 135 167 128 0.7 0.8 0.6

State and local education..................................... 66 76 59 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 69 91 70 0.8 1.0 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 402 532 519 1.5 1.9 1.8

South................................................................. 1,481 1,400 1,417 2.7 2.5 2.5

Midwest............................................................... 821 858 791 2.5 2.6 2.4

West.................................................................. 860 883 856 2.5 2.5 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 1,931 2,142 1,841 1.3 1.4 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,822 1,996 1,720 1.4 1.5 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 9 9 13 1.2 1.2 1.8

Construction....................................................... 159 219 285 2.1 2.8 3.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 139 122 115 1.1 0.9 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 82 69 63 1.0 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 57 53 52 1.2 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 364 346 292 1.3 1.3 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 58 77 56 1.0 1.3 0.9

Retail trade..................................................... 229 200 160 1.4 1.3 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 78 69 76 1.3 1.1 1.2

Information........................................................ 21 37 39 0.7 1.3 1.4

Financial activities................................................ 36 56 39 0.4 0.6 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 21 22 13 0.3 0.3 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 15 35 26 0.7 1.5 1.1

Professional and business services............................ 410 456 403 1.9 2.1 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 146 167 152 0.6 0.7 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 16 26 13 0.4 0.7 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 130 141 139 0.6 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 461 503 361 2.8 3.0 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 142 144 141 5.9 5.7 5.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 320 359 220 2.3 2.5 1.5

Other services.................................................... 76 80 20 1.3 1.4 0.3

Government.......................................................... 109 146 121 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal............................................................. 9 11 26 0.3 0.4 0.9

State and local.................................................... 100 135 95 0.5 0.7 0.5

State and local education..................................... 38 31 30 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 63 104 65 0.7 1.1 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 349 436 363 1.3 1.6 1.3

South................................................................. 668 822 610 1.2 1.5 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 493 418 379 1.5 1.3 1.1

West.................................................................. 421 466 489 1.2 1.3 1.4

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 303 344 335 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 263 288 285 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 3 1 1 0.3 0.1 0.2

Construction....................................................... 16 22 20 0.2 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 16 22 17 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 11 12 13 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 4 10 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 50 73 63 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 13 7 11 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 26 46 36 0.2 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 12 19 16 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 3 6 9 0.1 0.2 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 22 22 20 0.3 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 21 16 13 0.3 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 1 6 6 0.0 0.2 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 81 57 67 0.4 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 36 35 36 0.1 0.1 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 3 5 6 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 33 30 30 0.2 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 27 37 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 5 6 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 25 32 33 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 9 15 13 0.2 0.3 0.2

Government.......................................................... 40 57 50 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 15 10 0.3 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 32 42 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 14 16 16 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 18 26 23 0.2 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 59 70 62 0.2 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 93 133 111 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 67 74 66 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 84 68 96 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.