News United States 

Department 

of Labor 

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 09-0935 

 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ 

 JoltsInfo@bls.gov 

 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Wednesday, August 12, 2009 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JUNE 2009 

On the last business day of June, the number of job openings in the U.S. was little changed near a 

series low level of 2.6 million, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported 

today. The hires rate at 2.9 percent in June was at the lowest point since the series began in December 

2000. The total separations rate remained at a series low of 3.3 percent. This release includes estimates 

of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry 

and geographic region. 

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

 July 2006 - June 2009

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2007 2008 2009

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

 July 2006 - June 2009

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

Separations

Hires

2007 2008 2009

Job Openings

The job openings rate was unchanged in June; the rate has held at 1.9 percent since March 2009. 

The number of job openings varied little over the last four months, after falling by 2.2 million, or 45 

percent, from June 2007 to March 2009. The job openings rate was little changed in June in every 

industry and region. (See table 1.)
2 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry June May June June May June June May June

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total 1................................................3,850 2,523 2,558 4,811 3,942 3,776 4,963 4,356 4,337

Total private 1

.................................... 3,429 2,191 2,206 4,498 3,739 3,673 4,674 4,066 3,985

Construction.................................... 117 39 67 394 365 289 451 411 359

Manufacturing................................. 268 105 101 318 206 209 369 367 359

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

......... 608 466 484 996 842 740 1,031 951 785

Retail trade..................................... 361 319 316 679 575 516 692 601 546

Professional and business services............ 713 451 412 869 721 680 928 771 727

Education and health services............... 714 530 528 547 473 530 495 419 485

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 516 265 304 820 695 708 823 684 711

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 46 20 16 109 83 104 116 88 104

Accommodation and food services......... 468 239 283 707 606 601 714 596 611

Government 3

..................................... 420 310 321 321 273 254 295 288 324

 State and local government.................. 359 267 269 295 257 237 269 250 258

Total 1

................................................ 2.7 1.9 1.9 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.3 3.3

Total private 1

.................................... 2.9 2.0 2.0 3.9 3.4 3.4 4.1 3.7 3.7

Construction.................................... 1.6 0.6 1.1 5.5 5.8 4.6 6.2 6.5 5.8

Manufacturing................................. 1.9 0.9 0.8 2.4 1.7 1.8 2.7 3.1 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

......... 2.2 1.8 1.9 3.8 3.3 2.9 3.9 3.8 3.1

Retail trade.................................... 2.3 2.1 2.1 4.4 3.9 3.5 4.5 4.1 3.7

Professional and business services............3.8 2.6 2.4 4.9 4.3 4.1 5.2 4.6 4.4

Education and health services............... 3.7 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 3.7 2.0 2.3 6.1 5.3 5.4 6.1 5.2 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.........2.3 1.0 0.8 5.5 4.4 5.5 5.9 4.6 5.5

Accommodation and food services......... 3.9 2.1 2.5 6.1 5.4 5.3 6.2 5.3 5.4

Government 3

..................................... 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4

 State and local government.................. 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 3 Includes federal government, not shown separately. p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)

Over the 12 months ending in June, the job openings rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell for total 

nonfarm, total private, government, and a majority of the industries. The exceptions were construction; 

wholesale trade; retail trade; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; educational 

services; other services; and federal government, which were little changed. Three of the four regions 

experienced a drop in the job openings rate in the 12 months ending in June: Midwest, South, and West. 

(See table 5.) 
3 

Hires

The hires level was little changed at 3.8 million in June but has declined by 1.9 million, or 33 

percent, since the recent peak in July 2006. The hires rate was 2.9 percent in June. The hires rate 

declined over the month in construction and trade, transportation, and utilities. The rate increased over 

the month in education and health services. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in June, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) declined for total 

nonfarm, total private, government, and many industries. The rate rose in the other services industry. 

The industries with little change in the rate were nondurable goods manufacturing; transportation, 

warehousing, and utilities; information; real estate and rental and leasing; educational services; health 

care and social assistance; and arts, entertainment, and recreation. The hires rate fell over the past 12 

months in three of the four regions: Midwest, South, and West. (See table 6.) 

Separations

The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged in June and remained low at 3.3 percent. 

The total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) decreased over the 12 months ending in June for total 

nonfarm and total private. Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and 

discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retirements). (See tables 3 and 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. The rate 

was unchanged in June and remained low at 1.4 percent. The quits level was 1.8 million in June, which 

is 43 percent lower than the recent peak in December 2006. (See table 4.) 

Over the 12 months ending in June, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was lower for total 

nonfarm, total private, government, nearly every industry, and all four regions. The three industries in 

which the quits rate was little changed over the year were information; educational services; and arts, 

entertainment, and recreation. The only industry in which the quits rate rose over the year was federal 

government. (See table 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total 

nonfarm, total private, and government levels. Layoffs and discharges levels were little changed in June 

at 2.2 million for total nonfarm, 2.0 million for total private, and 150,000 for government. The 

corresponding layoffs and discharges rates were 1.6 percent, 1.8 percent, and 0.7 percent, respectively. 

The number of layoffs for the U.S. in June was 35 percent higher than the recent low in January 2006. 

(See table B below.) 

The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months 

ending in June at the total nonfarm and total private levels after rising over the year in January through 

May. Although the total nonfarm layoffs and discharges rate was little changed over the 12 months 

ending in June, the rate rose in mining and logging; durable goods manufacturing; federal government; 

and state and local government. The remaining industries and all four regions were little changed over 

the year. (See table 9.) 
4 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total................................................1,990 2,273 2,150 1.4 1.7 1.6

Total private....................................1,882 2,140 2,004 1.6 2.0 1.8

Government.................................... 105 130 150 0.5 0.6 0.7

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In June, there were 363,000 other 

separations for total nonfarm, 251,000 for total private, and 111,000 for government. Compared to June 

2008, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and total private, but higher 

for government. (See table 10.) 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total 

nonfarm level attributable to the individual components has varied over time. After the proportion of 

quits decreased to an all-time low of 38 percent in April 2009, it increased to 42 percent of total 

separations in June 2009. The proportion of layoffs and discharges moved in the opposite direction, 

increasing to an all-time high of 54 percent in April 2009, and then decreasing to 50 percent in June 

2009. (See tables 3 and 4, and table B above.) 

Net Change in Employment

In each month from July 2008 to June 2009, separations exceeded hires. Over the 12 months 

ending in June, hires totaled 51.8 million and separations totaled 57.1 million, yielding a net 

employment loss of 5.3 million. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for July 2009 is scheduled to be issued on 

Wednesday, September 9. 
Technical Note 

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from 

a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Collection 

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are 

collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data 

collection methods include computer-assisted telephone 

interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, e-mail, and mail. 

Coverage 

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 

50 states and the District of Columbia. 

Concepts 

 Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, 

State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and 

update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and 

ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year 

cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting 

from the verification process are always introduced into 

the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year. 

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position 

exists and there is work available for that position, 2) 

work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a 

suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is 

actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill 

the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, 

including both new and rehired employees, full-time and 

part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal employees, 

employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting 

more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who 

returned to work after having been formally separated, 

and transfers from other locations. The hires count does 

not include transfers or promotions within the reporting 

site, employees returning from strike, employees of 

temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time during 

the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings or 

other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or 

short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal 

employees. Other separations include retirements, 

transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to 

disability. Separations do not include transfers within the 

same location or employees on strike. 

 The separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and 

other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing 

the number by employment and multiplying by 100. 

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels 
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, 

and total separations are released with the January news 

release each year. 

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. 

Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are 

rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, 

annual estimates are published only for not seasonally 

adjusted data. 

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job 

openings cannot be created by summing the monthly 

estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and 

are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the 

month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by 

summing the monthly estimates. 

Special Collection Procedures 

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations 

from hires for a given month. Aggregating these monthly 

changes historically produced employment levels that 

overstated employment change as measured by CES at the 

total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed 

that a significant amount of the divergence between the 

CES employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government Education 

industry. In the former industry, businesses have a 

difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary 

help workers. In the latter industry, employers have 

difficulty reporting hires and separations of student 

workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the 

collection, editing, and review of data for these 

industries. BLS analysts more closely examine reported 

data that do not provide a consistent picture over time, 

and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts 

work with the respondents to adjust their reporting 

practices as possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but 

are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, 

they are replaced by imputed values using standard 

techniques. 

Sample and estimation methodology 

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 

nonfarm business establishments, including factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local 

governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 

The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 

million establishments compiled as part of the operations 

of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers 

subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and 

federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation 

for Federal Employees (UCFE). 

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units drawn 

on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one 

certainty panel composed of only large units selected with 

virtual certainty based on their size and 24 non-certainty 

panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is rolled 

into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is rolled 

out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample 

is constructed from panels from three different annual 

sampling frames. The entire sample of old plus new 

panels is post-stratified and re-weighted annually to 

represent the most recent sampling frame. Additionally, 

the out-of-business establishments are removed from the 

old panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample. 

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to 

JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all 

other JOLTS data elements. 

 JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model 

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. BLS has developed a 

model to estimate birth/death activity for current months 

by examining the birth/death activity from previous years 

on the QCEW and projecting forward to the present using 

an econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. 

The model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number of 

hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 
 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to their 

contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled 

units are estimated by computing the ratio of openings to 

hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to the 

modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are then 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from the 

survey to arrive at the estimates for openings, hires, and 

separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the 

X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal 

adjustment is the process of estimating and removing 

periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, 

holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. 

Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe 

fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly 

those associated with general economic expansions and 

contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment 

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, 

up to and including the data for the current month. 

Alignment procedure 

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to 

the CES net employment change. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and non-sampling errors 

between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to 

diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and 

improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and separations 

series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method. 

The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES 

employment trends to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS 

implied employment trend (hires minus separations) 

forcing them to be approximately the same, while 

preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the 

two series are seasonally adjusted and the difference 

between the JOLTS implied employment trend and the 

CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the 

JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the 

CES net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will receive 

40 percent of the needed adjustment and separations will 

receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted 

hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original 

seasonal factors. After the monthly alignment method has 

been used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the JOLTS 

implied employment trend with the CES trend. The CES 

series is considered a highly accurate measure of net 

employment change owing to its very large sample size 

and annual benchmarking to universe counts of 

employment from the QCEW program. 

Using JOLTS data 

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided 

into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full 

complement of panels for the original data series based on 

the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system 

was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 

2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed 

to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled 

until May 2003. The data collected up until those points 

are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates 

from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time. 

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and 

separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations 

estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be 

comparable to estimates for March 2002 and later. 

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new 

Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the 

JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal 

government. The Office of Personnel Management's 

record shows these transfers were completed in March 

2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions 

of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing 

movements of workers between establishments. The 

Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a 

massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these 

intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal 

government time series. 

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series 

and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire 

population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information 

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-

8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4................................................... 3,850 2,920 2,973 2,633 2,513 2,523 2,558 2.7 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private 4....................................... 3,429 2,461 2,606 2,269 2,042 2,191 2,206 2.9 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0

Construction....................................... 117 55 58 51 29 39 67 1.6 .8 .9 .8 .5 .6 1.1

Manufacturing.................................... 268 115 141 115 95 105 101 1.9 .9 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5

......... 608 488 488 414 332 466 484 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.9

Retail trade....................................... 361 362 334 265 205 319 316 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.1

Professional and business services......... 713 501 482 428 461 451 412 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4

Education and health services............... 714 636 589 537 515 530 528 3.7 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 516 272 332 289 322 265 304 3.7 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 46 27 30 25 22 20 16 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 .8

Accommodation and food services...... 468 242 302 263 312 239 283 3.9 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.5

Government 6

....................................... 420 417 367 353 461 310 321 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.4

State and local government................... 359 328 317 291 307 267 269 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast.......................................... 661 560 607 583 520 554 610 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.4

South................................................ 1,529 1,109 1,109 1,000 942 888 880 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8

Midwest............................................. 758 587 563 499 512 512 485 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

West................................................ 879 655 638 556 570 544 560 2.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p

 = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4................................................... 4,811 4,460 4,339 4,099 4,117 3,942 3,776 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private 4....................................... 4,498 4,141 4,042 3,799 3,822 3,739 3,673 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4

Construction....................................... 394 381 370 343 341 365 289 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.8 4.6

Manufacturing.................................... 318 237 257 244 236 206 209 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5

......... 996 949 814 883 888 842 740 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9

Retail trade....................................... 679 587 563 595 655 575 516 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.5

Professional and business services......... 869 762 730 668 733 721 680 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.1

Education and health services............... 547 539 527 483 475 473 530 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 820 743 704 693 691 695 708 6.1 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 109 105 89 85 86 83 104 5.5 5.4 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.4 5.5

Accommodation and food services...... 707 627 614 607 603 606 601 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3

Government 6

....................................... 321 306 275 271 340 273 254 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.1

State and local government................... 295 261 252 247 246 257 237 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

REGION 7

Northeast.......................................... 824 753 837 696 729 712 766 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1

South................................................ 1,722 1,663 1,566 1,458 1,619 1,423 1,331 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.0 2.8

Midwest.............................................1,130 1,003 904 943 901 867 856 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9

West................................................ 1,152 1,002 960 931 949 995 904 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.1

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4................................................... 4,963 4,949 4,833 4,712 4,641 4,356 4,337 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4

....................................... 4,674 4,686 4,555 4,434 4,362 4,066 3,985 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7

Construction....................................... 451 524 463 463 437 411 359 6.2 7.8 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.5 5.8

Manufacturing.................................... 369 476 424 401 390 367 359 2.7 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5

.........1,031 1,049 920 1,001 982 951 785 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.1

Retail trade.................................... 692 645 590 646 678 601 546 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.1 3.7

Professional and business services......... 928 866 951 778 839 771 727 5.2 5.0 5.6 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.4

Education and health services............... 495 494 498 466 462 419 485 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 823 763 731 751 716 684 711 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 116 117 88 95 102 88 104 5.9 6.0 4.5 4.9 5.4 4.6 5.5

Accommodation and food services...... 714 650 635 649 612 596 611 6.2 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.4

Government 6

....................................... 295 277 271 265 255 288 324 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4

State and local government................... 269 267 251 251 243 250 258 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast.......................................... 811 813 783 878 700 774 780 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.5 2.8 3.1 3.2

South................................................1,837 1,898 1,742 1,741 1,682 1,565 1,524 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2

Midwest.............................................1,123 1,120 1,121 1,085 1,065 1,016 998 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3

West................................................ 1,182 1,180 1,188 978 1,188 980 1,060 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.6

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4................................................... 2,682 2,063 1,911 1,856 1,777 1,788 1,808 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4

....................................... 2,548 1,945 1,831 1,749 1,678 1,682 1,698 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

Construction....................................... 153 85 87 102 74 84 75 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.2

Manufacturing.................................... 166 105 105 81 80 86 88 1.2 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5

......... 571 469 372 444 385 398 392 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6

Retail trade.................................... 400 360 323 344 271 296 299 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.0

Professional and business services......... 487 326 310 278 272 281 267 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6

Education and health services............... 299 248 258 249 228 249 263 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 585 443 431 433 430 396 434 4.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 50 31 36 35 41 45 37 2.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.0

Accommodation and food services...... 532 412 399 402 392 351 394 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.5

Government 6

....................................... 138 105 115 107 99 107 110 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5

State and local government................... 130 100 110 106 96 97 99 .7 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5

REGION 7

Northeast.......................................... 397 278 271 273 263 303 262 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

South................................................1,062 790 759 751 691 718 671 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4

Midwest............................................. 605 491 468 431 410 397 419 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

West................................................ 608 492 453 408 453 398 450 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 3,727 2,509 2,495 2.6 1.9 1.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 3,265 2,194 2,152 2.7 2.0 1.9

Mining and logging....................................... 21 15 5 2.6 2.0 .7

Construction................................................ 122 44 72 1.6 .7 1.1

Manufacturing............................................. 270 108 104 1.9 .9 .9

Durable goods.......................................... 163 64 53 1.9 .9 .7

Nondurable goods.................................... 108 44 50 2.1 .9 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 574 465 463 2.1 1.8 1.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 141 81 97 2.3 1.4 1.7

Retail trade............................................. 319 320 289 2.0 2.1 1.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 114 65 78 2.2 1.3 1.6

Information................................................ 111 51 33 3.5 1.7 1.2

Financial activities......................................... 193 150 149 2.3 1.9 1.9

Finance and insurance.............................. 150 111 113 2.4 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 42 39 36 1.9 1.9 1.7

Professional and business services.................. 673 444 386 3.6 2.6 2.3

Education and health services........................ 694 505 508 3.6 2.6 2.6

Educational services................................. 58 43 71 2.0 1.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance.................. 636 462 437 3.9 2.8 2.6

Leisure and hospitality................................. 490 287 295 3.4 2.1 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 44 25 14 1.9 1.2 .7

Accommodation and food services............... 447 262 281 3.6 2.2 2.4

Other services............................................. 117 126 136 2.0 2.3 2.4

Government................................................... 461 314 343 2.0 1.3 1.5

Federal...................................................... 56 43 49 2.0 1.5 1.7

State and local........................................... 405 272 295 2.0 1.3 1.5

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 636 509 595 2.4 2.0 2.3

South......................................................... 1,501 912 860 2.9 1.9 1.8

Midwest...................................................... 719 510 460 2.2 1.7 1.5

West......................................................... 870 578 581 2.7 1.9 1.9

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 5,688 4,365 4,569 4.1 3.3 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 5,242 4,073 4,221 4.5 3.7 3.8

Mining and logging....................................... 44 19 20 5.6 2.6 2.8

Construction................................................ 495 455 358 6.6 7.2 5.6

Manufacturing............................................. 380 232 249 2.8 1.9 2.1

Durable goods.......................................... 215 106 120 2.5 1.4 1.7

Nondurable goods.................................... 165 125 129 3.3 2.7 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 1,071 892 783 4.0 3.5 3.1

Wholesale trade....................................... 196 166 127 3.3 2.9 2.2

Retail trade............................................. 708 606 531 4.6 4.1 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 166 119 124 3.3 2.5 2.6

Information................................................ 79 56 65 2.6 1.9 2.3

Financial activities......................................... 272 182 213 3.3 2.3 2.7

Finance and insurance.............................. 169 110 115 2.8 1.9 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 103 72 97 4.7 3.6 4.8

Professional and business services.................. 983 749 703 5.5 4.5 4.2

Education and health services........................ 614 438 601 3.3 2.3 3.2

Educational services................................. 113 53 102 4.0 1.7 3.5

Health care and social assistance.................. 502 385 500 3.2 2.4 3.1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 1,001 849 875 7.1 6.3 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 168 130 165 7.5 6.5 7.8

Accommodation and food services............... 833 719 709 7.0 6.3 6.1

Other services............................................. 302 202 354 5.4 3.7 6.4

Government................................................... 446 292 347 2.0 1.3 1.5

Federal...................................................... 32 19 21 1.1 .7 .7

State and local........................................... 414 273 327 2.1 1.4 1.7

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 1,003 764 949 3.9 3.1 3.8

South......................................................... 1,993 1,520 1,571 4.0 3.2 3.3

Midwest...................................................... 1,325 1,002 999 4.2 3.3 3.3

West......................................................... 1,367 1,079 1,050 4.4 3.6 3.5

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 4,896 3,893 4,181 3.5 2.9 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 4,464 3,582 3,720 3.8 3.3 3.4

Mining and logging....................................... 24 21 19 3.0 3.0 2.7

Construction................................................ 403 338 316 5.4 5.3 4.9

Manufacturing............................................. 337 323 317 2.5 2.7 2.7

Durable goods.......................................... 202 198 199 2.3 2.7 2.7

Nondurable goods.................................... 135 125 118 2.7 2.7 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 954 854 723 3.6 3.4 2.9

Wholesale trade....................................... 163 160 117 2.7 2.8 2.0

Retail trade............................................. 631 567 482 4.1 3.8 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 160 126 124 3.1 2.6 2.6

Information................................................ 73 69 70 2.4 2.4 2.5

Financial activities......................................... 204 161 157 2.5 2.1 2.0

Finance and insurance.............................. 133 103 97 2.2 1.8 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 72 57 60 3.3 2.9 3.0

Professional and business services.................. 918 626 673 5.1 3.7 4.0

Education and health services........................ 540 424 533 2.9 2.2 2.8

Educational services................................. 102 80 94 3.6 2.6 3.2

Health care and social assistance.................. 438 344 438 2.8 2.1 2.7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 812 606 710 5.8 4.5 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 87 63 84 3.9 3.2 3.9

Accommodation and food services............... 725 543 626 6.1 4.7 5.4

Other services............................................. 199 160 202 3.5 2.9 3.7

Government................................................... 432 311 461 1.9 1.4 2.0

Federal...................................................... 25 37 66 .9 1.3 2.3

State and local........................................... 407 274 395 2.1 1.4 2.0

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 801 634 767 3.1 2.5 3.1

South......................................................... 1,844 1,493 1,450 3.7 3.1 3.0

Midwest...................................................... 1,064 875 923 3.4 2.9 3.1

West......................................................... 1,187 890 1,040 3.8 3.0 3.5

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 2,767 1,767 1,869 2.0 1.3 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 2,584 1,645 1,720 2.2 1.5 1.6

Mining and logging....................................... 17 5 6 2.1 .7 .8

Construction................................................ 167 83 81 2.2 1.3 1.3

Manufacturing............................................. 158 85 85 1.2 .7 .7

Durable goods.......................................... 91 38 40 1.1 .5 .6

Nondurable goods.................................... 67 47 44 1.3 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 542 397 369 2.0 1.6 1.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 74 39 45 1.2 .7 .8

Retail trade............................................. 379 301 281 2.5 2.0 1.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 89 58 44 1.7 1.2 .9

Information................................................ 39 38 33 1.3 1.3 1.1

Financial activities......................................... 121 67 60 1.5 .9 .8

Finance and insurance.............................. 82 34 43 1.4 .6 .7

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 39 33 17 1.8 1.7 .8

Professional and business services.................. 518 272 282 2.9 1.6 1.7

Education and health services........................ 303 245 269 1.6 1.3 1.4

Educational services................................. 41 22 40 1.4 .7 1.4

Health care and social assistance.................. 262 223 229 1.7 1.4 1.4

Leisure and hospitality................................. 579 371 434 4.1 2.8 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 53 38 40 2.4 1.9 1.9

Accommodation and food services............... 526 333 394 4.4 2.9 3.4

Other services............................................. 142 81 101 2.5 1.5 1.8

Government................................................... 183 123 149 .8 .5 .7

Federal...................................................... 8 12 16 .3 .4 .6

State and local........................................... 175 110 133 .9 .5 .7

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 402 283 268 1.6 1.1 1.1

South......................................................... 1,099 729 685 2.2 1.5 1.4

Midwest...................................................... 610 365 426 1.9 1.2 1.4

West......................................................... 656 390 490 2.1 1.3 1.6

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 1,826 1,838 1,949 1.3 1.4 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 1,667 1,702 1,749 1.4 1.6 1.6

Mining and logging....................................... 6 14 10 .7 2.0 1.4

Construction................................................ 220 249 225 2.9 3.9 3.5

Manufacturing............................................. 155 216 198 1.1 1.8 1.7

Durable goods.......................................... 96 147 131 1.1 2.0 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 59 70 66 1.2 1.5 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 349 374 310 1.3 1.5 1.2

Wholesale trade....................................... 75 106 68 1.2 1.9 1.2

Retail trade............................................. 211 206 170 1.4 1.4 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 63 62 72 1.2 1.3 1.5

Information................................................ 30 23 31 1.0 .8 1.1

Financial activities......................................... 74 75 92 .9 1.0 1.2

Finance and insurance.............................. 46 52 50 .8 .9 .9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 28 23 42 1.3 1.1 2.1

Professional and business services.................. 369 309 341 2.1 1.8 2.0

Education and health services........................ 207 152 209 1.1 .8 1.1

Educational services................................. 58 52 48 2.0 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance.................. 148 99 162 .9 .6 1.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 203 213 247 1.4 1.6 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 32 24 42 1.5 1.2 2.0

Accommodation and food services............... 170 189 205 1.4 1.7 1.8

Other services............................................. 55 78 85 1.0 1.4 1.6

Government................................................... 158 135 200 .7 .6 .9

Federal...................................................... 10 10 20 .4 .4 .7

State and local........................................... 148 125 181 .8 .6 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 344 305 407 1.3 1.2 1.6

South......................................................... 637 666 642 1.3 1.4 1.3

Midwest...................................................... 377 434 428 1.2 1.4 1.4

West......................................................... 468 433 472 1.5 1.5 1.6

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 303 288 363 0.2 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 212 235 251 .2 .2 .2

Mining and logging....................................... 1 2 3 .2 .3 .4

Construction................................................ 17 7 9 .2 .1 .1

Manufacturing............................................. 24 22 35 .2 .2 .3

Durable goods.......................................... 14 13 27 .2 .2 .4

Nondurable goods.................................... 10 8 8 .2 .2 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 63 82 44 .2 .3 .2

Wholesale trade....................................... 14 16 4 .2 .3 .1

Retail trade............................................. 42 60 32 .3 .4 .2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 7 6 9 .1 .1 .2

Information................................................ 4 8 7 .1 .3 .2

Financial activities......................................... 10 19 5 .1 .2 .1

Finance and insurance.............................. 5 17 4 .1 .3 .1

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 5 2 1 .2 .1 (

4

)

Professional and business services.................. 30 45 50 .2 .3 .3

Education and health services........................ 30 28 54 .2 .1 .3

Educational services................................. 3 5 6 .1 .2 .2

Health care and social assistance.................. 27 22 48 .2 .1 .3

Leisure and hospitality................................. 31 21 28 .2 .2 .2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 2 1 2.1 (

4

) .1

Accommodation and food services............... 29 20 27 .2 .2 .2

Other services............................................. 2 115 (

4

) (4) .3

Government................................................... 91 53 111 .4 .2 .5

Federal...................................................... 8 14 31 .3 .5 1.1

State and local........................................... 84 39 81 .4 .2 .4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 55 46 93 .2 .2 .4

South......................................................... 108 99 124 .2 .2 .3

Midwest...................................................... 77 76 68 .2 .3 .2

West......................................................... 63 67 78 .2 .2 .3

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. 4 Data round to zero. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region