For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, October 9, 2019 USDL-19-1772

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2019

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.1 million on the last business day of August, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires edged down to 5.8 million and 

separations were little changed at 5.6 million. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed at 2.3

percent, and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.2 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the job openings level was little changed at 7.1 million. The job 

openings rate was 4.4 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 

government. The job openings level decreased in nondurable goods manufacturing (-49,000) and in 

information (-47,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged down to 5.8 million (-199,000) in August. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. 

The number of hires edged down for total private (-219,000) and was little changed for government. The 

hires level increased in federal government (+35,000). The number of hires decreased in the South 

region. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.6 million in August. The total separations rate 

was 3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

The total separations level was little changed in all industries. The number of total separations decreased 

in the Midwest region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits decreased in August to 3.5 million (-142,000). The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 

quits level decreased for total private (-144,000) and was little changed for government. Quits 

decreased in professional and business services (-76,000) and in other services (-67,000). The number of 

quits decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in August at 1.8 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and 

for government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in federal government (+3,000). The 

layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in August. The other separations level was also 

little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in arts, entertainment, 

and recreation (+3,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See 

table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in August, hires totaled 69.5 million and 

separations totaled 67.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2019 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, November 5, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,342 7,174 7,051 5,826 5,978 5,779 5,600 5,810 5,638

Total private....................................... 6,611 6,462 6,320 5,435 5,620 5,401 5,257 5,473 5,293

Mining and logging1............................ 31 41 33 44 23 21 36 27 27

Construction1................................... 315 360 379 386 374 418 349 376 414

Manufacturing.................................. 501 513 484 368 338 329 339 326 310

Durable goods1.............................. 301 317 337 205 190 189 180 177 180

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 200 196 147 163 148 140 159 149 130

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,341 1,256 1,303 1,232 1,233 1,176 1,216 1,217 1,195

Wholesale trade............................. 224 169 184 160 169 148 144 165 141

Retail trade................................... 876 793 804 819 804 781 842 807 811

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 241 294 315 253 260 247 230 246 243

Information1

..................................... 143 177 130 85 94 97 96 95 98

Financial activities.............................. 435 379 364 218 256 234 225 231 237

Finance and insurance..................... 347 249 254 140 163 146 144 140 147

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 88 130 111 78 94 89 81 91 90

Professional and business services......... 1,341 1,238 1,228 1,117 1,180 1,097 1,055 1,148 1,067

Education and health services............... 1,286 1,287 1,273 683 750 677 633 682 642

Educational services1

....................... 128 135 120 94 108 87 88 91 100

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,158 1,152 1,154 589 642 590 545 590 543

Leisure and hospitality........................ 994 959 898 1,081 1,150 1,145 1,081 1,144 1,120

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 109 101 108 184 155 156 178 150 157

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 885 858 790 897 995 989 903 994 962

Other services.................................. 225 252 227 223 221 207 227 226 182

Government....................................... 730 712 731 391 358 378 343 336 345

Federal1

......................................... 121 127 137 36 37 72 34 37 40

State and local................................. 610 585 594 355 322 306 309 300 304

State and local education.................. 227 212 212 196 172 163 157 158 154

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 382 373 382 159 150 143 153 142 151

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.7 4.5 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7

Total private....................................... 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging1

............................ 4.0 5.2 4.3 6.0 3.1 2.8 4.9 3.6 3.6

Construction1

................................... 4.1 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.6 4.8 5.0 5.5

Manufacturing.................................. 3.8 3.8 3.6 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.6 3.8 4.0 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods1.......................... 4.0 3.9 3.0 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3

Wholesale trade............................. 3.7 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.4

Retail trade................................... 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.9 4.6 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0

Information1

..................................... 4.8 5.9 4.4 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5

Financial activities.............................. 4.8 4.2 4.0 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7

Finance and insurance..................... 5.2 3.8 3.8 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.7 5.3 4.5 3.4 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services......... 6.0 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.0

Education and health services............... 5.1 5.0 5.0 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6

Educational services1

....................... 3.3 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.5 5.3 5.3 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.7 5.4 5.1 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.9 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.3 4.0 4.2 7.7 6.3 6.4 7.4 6.1 6.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.9 5.7 5.2 6.4 7.0 6.9 6.4 7.0 6.7

Other services.................................. 3.7 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Government....................................... 3.1 3.1 3.1 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 4.1 4.3 4.6 1.3 1.3 2.5 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local................................. 3.0 2.9 2.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education.................. 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 4.0 3.9 4.0 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total............................................... 7,342 7,372 7,384 7,248 7,174 7,051 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,611 6,635 6,680 6,560 6,462 6,320 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7

Mining and logging3....................... 31 32 30 29 41 33 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7 5.2 4.3

Construction3

............................... 315 434 376 331 360 379 4.1 5.5 4.8 4.2 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 501 496 503 515 513 484 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.6

Durable goods3

.......................... 301 318 320 322 317 337 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0

Nondurable goods3

...................... 200 179 183 193 196 147 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,341 1,435 1,352 1,390 1,256 1,303 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.5

Wholesale trade......................... 224 262 220 213 169 184 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.0

Retail trade............................... 876 818 815 863 793 804 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 241 355 317 314 294 315 3.9 5.5 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.9

Information3................................. 143 130 107 129 177 130 4.8 4.4 3.7 4.4 5.9 4.4

Financial activities......................... 435 354 352 378 379 364 4.8 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 347 224 266 260 249 254 5.2 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 88 130 86 118 130 111 3.7 5.3 3.6 4.8 5.3 4.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,341 1,260 1,313 1,292 1,238 1,228 6.0 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.4

Education and health services........... 1,286 1,254 1,329 1,322 1,287 1,273 5.1 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0

Educational services3................... 128 147 122 127 135 120 3.3 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,158 1,107 1,207 1,195 1,152 1,154 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 994 1,022 1,027 913 959 898 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.4 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 109 105 110 104 101 108 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 885 917 916 809 858 790 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.2

Other services.............................. 225 217 292 261 252 227 3.7 3.5 4.7 4.2 4.1 3.7

Government................................... 730 737 704 688 712 731 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

Federal3

..................................... 121 151 110 110 127 137 4.1 5.1 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.6

State and local............................. 610 587 595 578 585 594 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9

State and local education.............. 227 215 212 217 212 212 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 382 372 383 360 373 382 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.9 4.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,197 1,065 1,271 1,231 1,172 1,239 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.3

South........................................... 2,707 2,827 2,754 2,641 2,634 2,689 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6

Midwest........................................ 1,742 1,796 1,697 1,689 1,690 1,507 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.3

West............................................ 1,696 1,684 1,662 1,688 1,677 1,617 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,826 5,991 5,760 5,716 5,978 5,779 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,435 5,613 5,398 5,377 5,620 5,401 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 44 28 27 21 23 21 6.0 3.7 3.5 2.8 3.1 2.8

Construction................................ 386 420 387 413 374 418 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.0 5.6

Manufacturing.............................. 368 367 340 336 338 329 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

Durable goods........................... 205 212 193 194 190 189 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 163 155 147 142 148 140 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,232 1,146 1,161 1,177 1,233 1,176 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 160 156 164 154 169 148 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5

Retail trade............................... 819 756 770 798 804 781 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 253 234 227 225 260 247 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.0

Information.................................. 85 87 99 93 94 97 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4

Financial activities......................... 218 235 217 219 256 234 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 140 144 139 128 163 146 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 78 91 78 91 94 89 3.4 3.9 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,117 1,253 1,172 1,112 1,180 1,097 5.3 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.1

Education and health services........... 683 726 675 676 750 677 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.8

Educational services.................... 94 108 98 93 108 87 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 589 618 577 583 642 590 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,081 1,129 1,100 1,114 1,150 1,145 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 184 161 167 128 155 156 7.7 6.5 6.8 5.2 6.3 6.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 897 968 933 986 995 989 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.9

Other services.............................. 223 223 220 217 221 207 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5

Government................................... 391 379 361 339 358 378 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

Federal...................................... 36 38 32 33 37 72 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.5

State and local............................. 355 340 329 306 322 306 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 196 171 171 166 172 163 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 159 170 158 140 150 143 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 901 944 957 891 964 924 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.3

South........................................... 2,263 2,368 2,261 2,293 2,420 2,275 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,313 1,304 1,233 1,249 1,274 1,247 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7

West............................................ 1,349 1,374 1,308 1,283 1,320 1,333 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,600 5,687 5,557 5,513 5,810 5,638 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,257 5,335 5,208 5,174 5,473 5,293 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 36 31 24 24 27 27 4.9 4.1 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.6

Construction................................ 349 405 390 407 376 414 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.5

Manufacturing.............................. 339 357 334 331 326 310 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4

Durable goods........................... 180 205 188 180 177 180 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 159 152 147 151 149 130 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,216 1,137 1,134 1,118 1,217 1,195 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.3

Wholesale trade......................... 144 136 148 152 165 141 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.4

Retail trade............................... 842 781 768 767 807 811 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 230 219 219 199 246 243 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.3 4.0 4.0

Information.................................. 96 105 91 90 95 98 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5

Financial activities......................... 225 225 211 219 231 237 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 144 135 134 125 140 147 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 81 90 78 94 91 90 3.6 3.9 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,055 1,174 1,139 1,059 1,148 1,067 5.0 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.0

Education and health services........... 633 637 622 611 682 642 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.6

Educational services.................... 88 91 95 89 91 100 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 545 546 527 522 590 543 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,081 1,067 1,047 1,096 1,144 1,120 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 178 147 173 136 150 157 7.4 6.0 7.0 5.6 6.1 6.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 903 919 874 960 994 962 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.7 7.0 6.7

Other services.............................. 227 197 215 218 226 182 3.9 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.1

Government................................... 343 353 349 339 336 345 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 34 32 34 33 37 40 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local............................. 309 321 315 306 300 304 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education.............. 157 165 178 174 158 154 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 153 156 137 132 142 151 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 866 816 924 896 870 888 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2

South........................................... 2,200 2,344 2,078 2,114 2,237 2,272 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,215 1,236 1,216 1,224 1,298 1,146 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.4

West............................................ 1,319 1,292 1,339 1,278 1,404 1,332 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total............................................... 3,473 3,516 3,478 3,462 3,668 3,526 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,303 3,327 3,277 3,278 3,487 3,343 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging......................... 20 19 15 13 14 14 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8

Construction................................ 177 145 168 186 177 173 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 206 224 203 203 195 192 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

Durable goods........................... 112 130 114 114 103 115 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 94 93 89 89 92 78 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 761 744 784 745 771 767 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8

Wholesale trade......................... 101 93 105 90 89 89 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5

Retail trade............................... 531 524 543 540 545 545 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 129 126 136 115 137 133 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2

Information.................................. 50 58 57 50 43 54 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.9

Financial activities......................... 147 145 118 137 138 147 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7

Finance and insurance................. 88 82 73 77 88 85 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 59 64 45 60 50 62 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 607 647 619 621 679 603 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.8

Education and health services........... 437 425 406 412 485 465 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.9

Educational services.................... 37 50 51 54 61 60 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 400 375 355 359 424 405 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 763 773 761 782 822 830 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 80 83 73 77 80 76 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 683 691 688 705 742 754 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.3

Other services.............................. 135 147 144 128 165 98 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.8 1.7

Government................................... 170 190 202 183 181 183 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 15 15 16 14 17 18 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 155 175 186 170 164 165 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 83 90 103 98 88 89 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 72 85 82 71 75 76 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 454 448 496 507 502 527 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

South........................................... 1,380 1,478 1,381 1,392 1,479 1,435 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6

Midwest........................................ 783 791 802 763 836 716 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.1

West............................................ 856 799 799 800 852 848 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total............................................... 1,809 1,830 1,773 1,711 1,788 1,787 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,693 1,726 1,683 1,615 1,698 1,686 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging......................... 14 11 8 8 12 10 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.3

Construction................................ 162 240 211 211 183 227 2.2 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.4 3.0

Manufacturing.............................. 113 111 112 109 112 100 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods........................... 60 64 61 55 63 54 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 53 47 51 54 49 47 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 396 351 297 313 372 370 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 39 36 34 56 63 48 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.8

Retail trade............................... 272 234 194 184 216 229 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 86 80 70 73 93 94 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5

Information.................................. 38 33 28 28 42 38 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3

Financial activities......................... 57 54 65 63 63 61 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 41 31 35 31 27 34 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 15 23 30 31 36 26 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 410 451 469 376 410 412 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.9

Education and health services........... 143 170 170 164 159 139 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Educational services.................... 46 35 36 30 26 35 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 97 135 134 134 133 104 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 286 263 257 272 296 257 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 92 63 97 57 67 76 3.8 2.5 4.0 2.3 2.8 3.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 194 201 160 215 229 181 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.3

Other services.............................. 74 43 65 71 49 73 1.3 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.2

Government................................... 115 104 90 97 91 100 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 7 6 7 8 7 10 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4

State and local............................. 108 97 83 89 84 90 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local education.............. 50 52 50 53 44 41 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 58 46 33 36 41 49 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 329 325 371 316 308 311 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1

South........................................... 699 727 579 601 624 700 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3

Midwest........................................ 381 379 349 397 396 367 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1

West............................................ 400 398 474 397 460 408 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total............................................... 319 341 306 340 353 325 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 261 282 248 281 288 264 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 1 3 1 3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4

Construction3

............................... 9 21 10 9 17 15 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 20 22 19 19 19 17 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Durable goods........................... 8 10 13 12 12 11 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 12 12 6 7 8 6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 59 42 53 60 75 58 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 4 7 9 5 13 4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 40 24 31 43 45 38 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 15 12 13 11 17 16 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 7 15 5 11 11 7 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2

Financial activities......................... 22 26 28 20 30 29 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 15 23 26 17 25 27 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 6 4 2 3 5 2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 39 75 51 62 59 52 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Education and health services........... 54 43 46 35 38 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 6 6 8 5 4 5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 48 37 39 30 33 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 32 30 29 42 26 33 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 6 2 3 2 3 6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 27 28 26 39 24 28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 18 7 5 20 12 11 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Government................................... 58 60 58 59 65 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 10 11 11 13 12 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 46 49 46 48 52 49 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education.............. 23 23 24 23 26 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 23 26 22 25 26 26 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 84 42 58 73 61 49 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 122 138 118 121 134 136 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 51 67 64 64 66 63 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 63 94 66 81 92 77 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 7,474 7,443 7,034 4.8 4.7 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,728 6,659 6,294 5.0 4.9 4.6

Mining and logging............................................... 31 41 33 3.9 5.2 4.2

Construction....................................................... 315 360 379 4.0 4.4 4.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 501 513 484 3.8 3.8 3.6

Durable goods.................................................. 301 317 337 3.6 3.8 4.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 200 196 147 4.0 3.9 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,416 1,295 1,322 4.9 4.5 4.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 216 191 168 3.5 3.1 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 959 810 839 5.7 4.9 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 241 294 315 3.9 4.6 5.0

Information........................................................ 143 177 130 4.8 5.8 4.3

Financial activities................................................ 432 385 365 4.8 4.2 4.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 344 255 255 5.1 3.8 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 130 111 3.7 5.2 4.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,369 1,270 1,235 6.1 5.6 5.4

Education and health services.................................. 1,269 1,333 1,239 5.1 5.3 4.9

Educational services.......................................... 128 135 120 3.6 3.7 3.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,141 1,197 1,119 5.4 5.5 5.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,034 1,016 904 5.7 5.5 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 103 95 105 3.7 3.3 3.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 931 922 798 6.1 5.9 5.2

Other services.................................................... 218 269 203 3.6 4.3 3.3

Government.......................................................... 746 784 740 3.4 3.6 3.3

Federal............................................................. 121 127 137 4.1 4.3 4.6

State and local.................................................... 626 657 603 3.2 3.4 3.1

State and local education..................................... 243 284 221 2.6 3.1 2.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 382 373 382 3.9 3.8 3.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,237 1,206 1,272 4.3 4.2 4.4

South................................................................. 2,687 2,761 2,618 4.7 4.8 4.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,799 1,712 1,518 5.2 4.9 4.4

West.................................................................. 1,752 1,765 1,626 4.8 4.8 4.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,469 6,557 6,332 4.3 4.3 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,765 6,145 5,698 4.5 4.7 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 48 26 23 6.3 3.4 3.0

Construction....................................................... 381 432 418 5.0 5.6 5.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 402 384 354 3.1 3.0 2.7

Durable goods.................................................. 218 212 199 2.7 2.6 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 183 172 154 3.8 3.6 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,288 1,265 1,226 4.7 4.6 4.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 170 192 150 2.9 3.2 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 869 823 830 5.5 5.2 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 249 250 247 4.2 4.1 4.1

Information........................................................ 84 99 98 3.0 3.5 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 220 283 243 2.6 3.2 2.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 143 178 149 2.3 2.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 77 105 93 3.4 4.4 3.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,140 1,259 1,106 5.4 5.8 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 859 871 832 3.7 3.6 3.5

Educational services.......................................... 172 140 156 5.0 4.0 4.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 687 731 676 3.4 3.6 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,126 1,261 1,202 6.6 7.2 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 144 162 122 5.3 5.8 4.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 982 1,099 1,080 6.8 7.5 7.4

Other services.................................................... 216 262 197 3.7 4.4 3.3

Government.......................................................... 704 413 634 3.3 1.9 2.9

Federal............................................................. 36 36 73 1.3 1.3 2.6

State and local.................................................... 668 377 560 3.6 2.0 3.0

State and local education..................................... 511 195 422 5.5 2.2 4.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 157 182 138 1.7 1.9 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 933 1,126 942 3.4 4.1 3.4

South................................................................. 2,593 2,592 2,542 4.7 4.7 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,454 1,359 1,368 4.4 4.1 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,488 1,479 1,479 4.3 4.2 4.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,679 6,272 6,705 4.5 4.1 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,137 5,862 6,188 4.8 4.5 4.8

Mining and logging............................................... 40 27 30 5.2 3.6 3.9

Construction....................................................... 389 392 457 5.1 5.1 5.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 432 358 388 3.4 2.8 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 234 205 230 2.9 2.5 2.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 197 153 158 4.1 3.2 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,360 1,253 1,364 4.9 4.5 4.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 171 177 162 2.9 3.0 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 942 830 933 6.0 5.3 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 247 245 269 4.2 4.1 4.4

Information........................................................ 104 103 111 3.7 3.6 3.9

Financial activities................................................ 263 240 284 3.0 2.7 3.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 181 142 191 2.9 2.2 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 82 97 93 3.6 4.1 3.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,122 1,183 1,113 5.3 5.5 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 762 808 780 3.3 3.4 3.2

Educational services.......................................... 135 125 160 3.9 3.6 4.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 627 683 620 3.1 3.3 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,365 1,242 1,408 8.0 7.1 8.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 282 144 251 10.5 5.1 9.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,082 1,098 1,157 7.5 7.5 7.9

Other services.................................................... 301 255 253 5.1 4.2 4.2

Government.......................................................... 541 410 517 2.5 1.9 2.4

Federal............................................................. 38 36 47 1.4 1.3 1.6

State and local.................................................... 503 375 470 2.7 2.0 2.5

State and local education..................................... 239 225 222 2.6 2.5 2.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 264 150 248 2.8 1.6 2.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,095 917 1,115 4.0 3.3 4.0

South................................................................. 2,567 2,464 2,642 4.7 4.5 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,509 1,389 1,406 4.6 4.2 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,508 1,502 1,542 4.4 4.3 4.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 4,308 4,144 4,380 2.9 2.7 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,049 3,929 4,112 3.2 3.0 3.2

Mining and logging............................................... 24 17 17 3.2 2.2 2.2

Construction....................................................... 223 214 217 2.9 2.8 2.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 280 229 260 2.2 1.8 2.0

Durable goods.................................................. 149 126 153 1.9 1.6 1.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 131 103 107 2.7 2.1 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 927 834 933 3.4 3.0 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 128 95 110 2.2 1.6 1.8

Retail trade..................................................... 649 585 668 4.1 3.7 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 150 154 155 2.5 2.5 2.6

Information........................................................ 63 50 68 2.2 1.7 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 168 150 170 1.9 1.7 1.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 109 100 108 1.7 1.6 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 59 50 62 2.6 2.1 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 693 732 671 3.3 3.4 3.1

Education and health services.................................. 519 557 576 2.2 2.3 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 58 82 99 1.7 2.4 2.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 461 475 477 2.3 2.3 2.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 975 954 1,066 5.7 5.5 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 151 102 139 5.6 3.6 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 823 853 926 5.7 5.8 6.3

Other services.................................................... 177 193 135 3.0 3.2 2.3

Government.......................................................... 259 215 268 1.2 1.0 1.2

Federal............................................................. 19 17 23 0.7 0.6 0.8

State and local.................................................... 240 198 245 1.3 1.1 1.3

State and local education..................................... 136 114 138 1.5 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 104 83 107 1.1 0.9 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 583 549 663 2.1 2.0 2.4

South................................................................. 1,683 1,700 1,746 3.1 3.1 3.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,024 949 933 3.1 2.9 2.8

West.................................................................. 1,018 946 1,038 2.9 2.7 3.0

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 2,031 1,746 1,979 1.4 1.2 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,814 1,635 1,798 1.4 1.3 1.4

Mining and logging............................................... 14 10 9 1.8 1.3 1.2

Construction....................................................... 157 162 226 2.1 2.1 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 131 108 112 1.0 0.8 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 77 65 67 1.0 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 54 43 45 1.1 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 369 333 367 1.3 1.2 1.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 39 63 48 0.7 1.1 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 249 196 222 1.6 1.2 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 81 75 97 1.4 1.2 1.6

Information........................................................ 34 43 37 1.2 1.5 1.3

Financial activities................................................ 70 66 75 0.8 0.8 0.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 54 24 46 0.8 0.4 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 17 42 29 0.7 1.8 1.2

Professional and business services............................ 387 392 392 1.8 1.8 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 187 210 164 0.8 0.9 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 69 35 54 2.0 1.0 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 119 175 109 0.6 0.9 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 358 261 309 2.1 1.5 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 126 40 106 4.7 1.4 3.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 232 221 203 1.6 1.5 1.4

Other services.................................................... 107 51 107 1.8 0.8 1.8

Government.......................................................... 217 112 181 1.0 0.5 0.8

Federal............................................................. 8 6 13 0.3 0.2 0.4

State and local.................................................... 209 105 169 1.1 0.6 0.9

State and local education..................................... 74 71 57 0.8 0.8 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 135 35 112 1.4 0.4 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 424 295 396 1.5 1.1 1.4

South................................................................. 758 635 753 1.4 1.2 1.4

Midwest............................................................... 424 370 398 1.3 1.1 1.2

West.................................................................. 425 446 432 1.2 1.3 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 339 382 346 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 274 298 278 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 3 0.2 0.1 0.4

Construction....................................................... 9 17 15 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 20 21 16 0.2 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 8 14 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 12 8 6 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 64 86 64 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 5 20 4 0.1 0.3 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 44 49 43 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 17 16 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 7 11 7 0.2 0.4 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 25 24 39 0.3 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 19 18 37 0.3 0.3 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 6 5 2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 41 60 50 0.2 0.3 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 56 41 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 8 8 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 48 33 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 32 26 33 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 6 3 6 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 27 24 28 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 18 12 11 0.3 0.2 0.2

Government.......................................................... 66 84 68 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal............................................................. 12 12 12 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 54 72 57 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local education..................................... 29 40 27 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 25 32 29 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 87 73 56 0.3 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 126 129 143 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 61 71 75 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 65 109 72 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.