Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-2097 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 4, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October, and the unemployment rate

rose to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in 

health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. 

Hurricane Ian

Hurricane Ian had no discernible effect on the national employment and unemployment data for 

October. BLS will release the regional and state estimates on November 18th. For information on how 

unusually severe weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked 

Questions section of this news release. 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2019 – October 2022

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21 Oct-21 Apr-22 Oct-22

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2019 – October 2022

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21 Oct-21 Apr-22 Oct-22
 

-2-

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate increased by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent in October, and the number of 

unemployed persons rose by 306,000 to 6.1 million. The unemployment rate has been in a narrow

range of 3.5 percent to 3.7 percent since March. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.4 percent) and Whites 

(3.2 percent) rose in October. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), teenagers (11.0 percent), 

Blacks (5.9 percent), Asians (2.9 percent), and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little or no change over

the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers changed little at 1.2 million in October, 

and the number of persons on temporary layoff also changed little at 847,000. (See table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2 

million in October. The long-term unemployed accounted for 19.5 percent of all unemployed persons. 

(See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate, at 62.2 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.0 

percent, were about unchanged in October and have shown little net change since early this year. These

measures are 1.2 percentage points below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 3.7 million in 

October. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time 

because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.7 

million in October and remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were not 

counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding 

the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force was little changed in October at 1.5 million. These individuals wanted and were 

available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 

marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased by 114,000 to 371,000 

in October. (See Summary table A.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October. Monthly job growth has 

averaged 407,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 562,000 per month in 2021. In October, notable job 

gains occurred in health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing. (See table B-1.) 

In October, employment in health care rose by 53,000, with gains in ambulatory health care services 

(+31,000), nursing and residential care facilities (+11,000), and hospitals (+11,000). So far in 2022, 

health care employment has increased by an average of 47,000 per month, compared with 9,000 per 

month in 2021. 
 

-3-

Professional and technical services added 43,000 jobs in October. Employment continued to trend up 

in management and technical consulting services (+7,000), architectural and engineering services 

(+7,000), and scientific research and development services (+5,000). Monthly job growth in professional 

and technical services has averaged 41,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 53,000 per month in 2021. 

Manufacturing added 32,000 jobs in October, mostly in durable goods industries (+23,000). 

Manufacturing employment has increased by an average of 37,000 per month thus far this year, 

compared with 30,000 per month in 2021. 

Employment in social assistance increased by 19,000 in October and is slightly below (-9,000) its prepandemic level in February 2020. Within social assistance, employment in individual and family 

services continued to trend up in October (+10,000). 

Wholesale trade added 15,000 jobs in October. Employment in wholesale trade has increased by an 

average of 17,000 per month thus far in 2022, compared with 13,000 per month in 2021. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in October (+35,000), with

accommodation adding 20,000 jobs. Employment in food services and drinking places changed little 

over the month (+6,000). Leisure and hospitality has added an average of 78,000 jobs per month thus far 

this year, less than half of the average gain of 196,000 jobs per month in 2021. Employment in leisure 

and hospitality is down by 1.1 million, or 6.5 percent, from its February 2020 level. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in October (+8,000). Within the 

industry, job growth occurred in truck transportation (+13,000), couriers and messengers (+7,000), and 

air transportation (+4,000). These gains were partially offset by a job loss in warehousing and storage 

(-20,000). Monthly job growth in transportation and warehousing has averaged 25,000 thus far this year, 

compared with 36,000 per month in 2021. 

In October, financial activities employment was little changed (+3,000). Within the industry, job gains 

in insurance carriers and related activities (+9,000) and in securities, commodity contracts, and 

investments (+5,000) were partially offset by a job loss in rental and leasing services (-8,000). 

Employment in financial activities has changed little over the past 6 months. 

Employment changed little over the month in other major industries, including mining, construction, 

retail trade, information, other services, and government. 

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents, 

or 0.4 percent, to $32.58. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.7 

percent. In October, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees rose by 9 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $27.86. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

In October, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.5 hours for 

the fifth month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was little changed 

at 40.4 hours, and overtime decreased by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production 

and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and 

B-7.) 
 

-4-

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised down by 23,000, from 

+315,000 to +292,000, and the change for September was revised up by 52,000, from +263,000 to 

+315,000. With these revisions, employment gains in August and September combined were 29,000 

higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from 

businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of 

seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 2,

2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data

Four new supplemental questions were added to the household survey in October 2022 to examine the 

effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. These new questions, which focus 

on telework, replace the original supplemental questions asked from May 2020 through September 

2022. Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the Household Survey 

Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release has been temporarily 

discontinued. Information about the new questions, including future announcements about the 

availability of data from these questions, will be available at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-thecoronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Update to the 2022 North American Industry Classification System 

With the release of January 2023 data on February 3, 2023, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

survey will revise the basis for industry classification from the 2017 North American Industry 

Classification System (NAICS) to NAICS 2022. The conversion to NAICS 2022 will result in minor 

revisions reflecting content and coding changes within the mining and logging, manufacturing, 

wholesale trade, financial activities, and other services sectors, as well as major revisions reflecting 

content and coding changes in the retail trade and information sectors. Many industry titles and 

descriptions will also be updated to better reflect official NAICS titles. Approximately 10 percent of 

employment will be reclassified into different industries as a result of the revision. Details of updated 

titles and new, discontinued, and collapsed industries resulting from the NAICS 2022 update, as well as 

changes due to the annual benchmarking process, will be available on January 6, 2023. 

For more information on NAICS 2022, visit www.census.gov/naics.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Change from:

Sept. 2022-

Oct. 2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 261,908 264,184 264,356 264,535 179

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,610 164,746 164,689 164,667 -22

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.7 62.4 62.3 62.2 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 154,234 158,732 158,936 158,608 -328

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.9 60.1 60.1 60.0 -0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 7,375 6,014 5,753 6,059 306

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,298 99,438 99,667 99,868 201

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.4 0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 11.7 10.4 11.4 11.0 -0.4

White.......................................................................... 3.9 3.2 3.1 3.2 0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 7.8 6.4 5.8 5.9 0.1

Asian.......................................................................... 4.2 2.8 2.5 2.9 0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.7 4.5 3.8 4.2 0.4

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.3 6.2 5.6 6.3 0.7

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.4 4.2 3.7 3.9 0.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.3 2.9 2.9 3.0 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.9 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,700 2,720 2,495 2,663 168

Job leavers...................................................................... 845 898 905 862 -43

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,206 1,836 1,840 1,886 46

New entrants.................................................................... 537 440 447 485 38

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,051 2,223 2,154 2,211 57

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,876 1,807 1,645 1,783 138

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,001 885 899 805 -94

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,339 1,137 1,067 1,165 98

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,398 4,149 3,843 3,660 -183

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,108 2,769 2,577 2,534 -43

Could only find part-time work............................................. 961 979 952 870 -82

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,539 21,044 21,233 21,274 41

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,685 1,434 1,600 1,504 -96

Discouraged workers........................................................ 455 366 485 371 -114

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 292 315 261

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 233 319 233

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 43 48 33

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -2 3 0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 9 22 1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 36 23 32

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 36 13 23

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 12.1 7.4 4.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0 10 9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 190 271 200

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 15.1 11.6 14.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 29.3 -7.6 7.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 -1.7 -11.3 8.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 1.5 0.6 1.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7 7 4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 9 1 3

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 29 52 39

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.1 -0.7 12.6 11.8

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 82 91 79

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 71.7 80.7 71.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 13 107 35

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5 20 9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -17 59 -4 28

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 374 381 289

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 342 333 262

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.4 48.5 48.5

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 34.5 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31.11 $32.36 $32.46 $32.58

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,082.63 $1,116.42 $1,119.87 $1,124.01

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.0 112.9 113.2 113.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.6 174.7 175.7 176.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 59.8 64.3 61.7

Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 53.4 57.4 56.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,908 264,356 264,535 261,908 263,835 264,012 264,184 264,356 264,535

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,863 164,463 164,753 161,610 164,023 163,960 164,746 164,689 164,667

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.2 62.3 61.7 62.2 62.1 62.4 62.3 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,966 159,003 159,144 154,234 158,111 158,290 158,732 158,936 158,608

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 60.1 60.2 58.9 59.9 60.0 60.1 60.1 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,896 5,460 5,609 7,375 5,912 5,670 6,014 5,753 6,059

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.3 3.4 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,045 99,893 99,782 100,298 99,812 100,051 99,438 99,667 99,868

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,567 5,650 5,341 5,935 5,656 5,910 5,549 5,834 5,717

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,719 128,807 128,897 126,719 128,547 128,636 128,722 128,807 128,897

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,725 87,529 87,685 85,735 87,213 86,936 87,335 87,711 87,789

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 68.0 68.0 67.7 67.8 67.6 67.8 68.1 68.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,163 84,687 84,799 81,835 84,061 83,891 84,045 84,587 84,571

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 65.7 65.8 64.6 65.4 65.2 65.3 65.7 65.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,562 2,842 2,886 3,900 3,152 3,046 3,290 3,124 3,218

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.2 3.3 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,994 41,278 41,212 40,983 41,334 41,700 41,387 41,097 41,108

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,406 120,140 120,225 118,406 119,899 119,977 120,058 120,140 120,225

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,786 84,594 84,623 82,703 84,040 83,857 84,158 84,660 84,626

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.9 70.4 70.4 69.8 70.1 69.9 70.1 70.5 70.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,556 82,075 82,093 79,164 81,242 81,164 81,225 81,878 81,792

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 68.3 68.3 66.9 67.8 67.7 67.7 68.2 68.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,230 2,519 2,530 3,539 2,797 2,692 2,934 2,783 2,834

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.0 3.0 4.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,620 35,545 35,601 35,703 35,859 36,120 35,900 35,479 35,599

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,189 135,548 135,638 135,189 135,287 135,376 135,462 135,548 135,638

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,138 76,934 77,068 75,874 76,809 77,024 77,410 76,978 76,878

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.8 56.8 56.1 56.8 56.9 57.1 56.8 56.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,803 74,316 74,345 72,399 74,050 74,399 74,687 74,349 74,037

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 54.8 54.8 53.6 54.7 55.0 55.1 54.9 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,335 2,618 2,723 3,475 2,760 2,625 2,724 2,629 2,841

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.4 3.5 4.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,052 58,615 58,570 59,315 58,478 58,351 58,052 58,570 58,760

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,051 127,117 127,204 127,051 126,872 126,951 127,034 127,117 127,204

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,296 73,842 74,069 72,929 73,741 73,988 74,140 73,750 73,759

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 58.1 58.2 57.4 58.1 58.3 58.4 58.0 58.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,274 71,590 71,628 69,790 71,311 71,710 71,729 71,493 71,224

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 56.3 56.3 54.9 56.2 56.5 56.5 56.2 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,022 2,251 2,441 3,139 2,430 2,278 2,411 2,258 2,534

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.0 3.3 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,755 53,276 53,135 54,122 53,131 52,963 52,895 53,367 53,445

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,451 17,099 17,107 16,451 17,064 17,084 17,091 17,099 17,107

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,780 6,027 6,061 5,978 6,242 6,116 6,447 6,278 6,283

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 35.2 35.4 36.3 36.6 35.8 37.7 36.7 36.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,137 5,337 5,422 5,281 5,558 5,415 5,778 5,565 5,592

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 31.2 31.7 32.1 32.6 31.7 33.8 32.5 32.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 689 638 697 685 700 669 713 691

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 11.4 10.5 11.7 11.0 11.5 10.4 11.4 11.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,670 11,072 11,046 10,473 10,822 10,968 10,644 10,821 10,824

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202,138 203,420 203,522 202,138 203,125 203,229 203,324 203,420 203,522

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,407 126,036 126,215 124,279 125,706 125,705 126,172 126,183 126,164

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 62.0 62.0 61.5 61.9 61.9 62.1 62.0 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,891 122,403 122,490 119,376 121,587 121,822 122,129 122,329 122,078

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 60.2 60.2 59.1 59.9 59.9 60.1 60.1 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,517 3,633 3,725 4,903 4,119 3,884 4,043 3,855 4,087

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 2.9 3.0 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,731 77,383 77,308 77,859 77,419 77,524 77,152 77,237 77,358

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,725 65,872 66,025 64,693 65,556 65,430 65,600 65,940 66,028

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 70.2 70.3 69.8 70.0 69.8 69.9 70.3 70.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,644 64,221 64,276 62,374 63,529 63,464 63,553 64,048 64,043

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 68.4 68.4 67.3 67.8 67.7 67.7 68.2 68.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,081 1,651 1,749 2,320 2,027 1,966 2,048 1,892 1,985

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.5 2.6 3.6 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,170 55,435 55,592 54,901 55,318 55,565 55,661 55,351 55,334

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 57.1 57.2 56.4 57.1 57.3 57.4 57.0 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,184 53,979 54,043 52,800 53,727 54,123 54,125 53,914 53,695

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 55.6 55.6 54.2 55.4 55.8 55.8 55.5 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,986 1,456 1,550 2,101 1,591 1,442 1,535 1,437 1,638

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 2.6 2.8 3.8 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6 3.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,512 4,730 4,597 4,684 4,832 4,711 4,911 4,892 4,803

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 37.8 36.8 38.8 38.7 37.7 39.3 39.1 38.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,062 4,203 4,171 4,202 4,331 4,235 4,451 4,366 4,340

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.6 33.4 34.8 34.7 33.9 35.6 34.9 34.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 527 426 482 501 476 460 526 463

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 11.1 9.3 10.3 10.4 10.1 9.4 10.8 9.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,699 34,204 34,237 33,699 34,107 34,138 34,171 34,204 34,237

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,689 21,218 21,368 20,565 21,213 21,174 21,123 21,258 21,243

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 62.0 62.4 61.0 62.2 62.0 61.8 62.1 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,120 20,041 20,124 18,962 19,975 19,907 19,776 20,014 19,984

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 58.6 58.8 56.3 58.6 58.3 57.9 58.5 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568 1,177 1,244 1,603 1,238 1,268 1,347 1,243 1,259

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 5.5 5.8 7.8 5.8 6.0 6.4 5.8 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,011 12,986 12,869 13,135 12,895 12,964 13,048 12,946 12,994

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,540 9,907 9,836 9,479 9,866 9,764 9,707 9,894 9,779

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9 68.1 67.6 66.5 68.1 67.3 66.8 68.0 67.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,779 9,368 9,335 8,699 9,342 9,212 9,125 9,321 9,264

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 64.4 64.1 61.0 64.4 63.5 62.8 64.1 63.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 540 500 780 524 552 582 573 514

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 5.4 5.1 8.2 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,447 10,638 10,770 10,383 10,628 10,688 10,643 10,636 10,699

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 61.9 62.6 60.9 62.0 62.3 62.0 61.9 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,742 10,072 10,140 9,673 10,030 10,119 10,018 10,058 10,081

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 58.6 59.0 56.7 58.6 59.0 58.4 58.6 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 565 630 710 598 569 625 578 619

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 5.3 5.8 6.8 5.6 5.3 5.9 5.4 5.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 673 762 703 719 722 773 728 765

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 27.1 30.6 29.5 29.0 29.1 31.1 29.3 30.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 601 648 590 603 576 634 635 639

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 24.2 26.0 24.7 24.3 23.2 25.5 25.5 25.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 72 114 113 116 146 140 92 127

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 10.7 15.0 16.0 16.1 20.3 18.1 12.7 16.5

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,485 17,132 17,129 16,485 16,910 16,920 16,989 17,132 17,129

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,756 11,151 11,100 10,767 10,894 10,980 11,096 11,122 11,124

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 65.1 64.8 65.3 64.4 64.9 65.3 64.9 64.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,312 10,882 10,776 10,310 10,565 10,693 10,790 10,848 10,797

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 63.5 62.9 62.5 62.5 63.2 63.5 63.3 63.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 269 323 457 330 287 307 274 327

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.4 2.9 4.2 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,729 5,981 6,029 5,718 6,016 5,940 5,893 6,009 6,005

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 45,159 46,373 46,459 45,159 46,119 46,200 46,287 46,373 46,459

Civilian labor force................................ 29,736 30,641 30,796 29,663 30,670 30,363 30,918 30,650 30,710

Participation rate............................... 65.8 66.1 66.3 65.7 66.5 65.7 66.8 66.1 66.1

Employed....................................... 28,154 29,515 29,595 27,962 29,364 29,170 29,539 29,470 29,434

Employment-population ratio............... 62.3 63.6 63.7 61.9 63.7 63.1 63.8 63.5 63.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,582 1,126 1,202 1,701 1,306 1,193 1,379 1,180 1,277

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 3.7 3.9 5.7 4.3 3.9 4.5 3.8 4.2

Not in labor force................................. 15,423 15,732 15,663 15,496 15,449 15,837 15,369 15,724 15,749

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,220 16,523 16,674 16,213 16,743 16,452 16,625 16,506 16,638

Participation rate............................... 79.5 78.7 79.2 79.4 80.1 78.6 79.3 78.6 79.1

Employed....................................... 15,495 16,031 16,068 15,410 16,170 15,870 15,976 15,971 16,004

Employment-population ratio............... 75.9 76.3 76.3 75.5 77.4 75.8 76.2 76.0 76.0

Unemployed.................................... 724 493 606 803 573 581 649 535 634

Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 3.0 3.6 5.0 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.2 3.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,127 12,792 12,717 12,054 12,486 12,515 12,812 12,778 12,655

Participation rate............................... 58.6 60.7 60.2 58.3 59.6 59.6 60.9 60.6 59.9

Employed....................................... 11,485 12,339 12,294 11,374 11,926 12,113 12,264 12,321 12,186

Employment-population ratio............... 55.5 58.6 58.2 55.0 56.9 57.7 58.3 58.5 57.7

Unemployed.................................... 642 452 424 680 560 402 547 457 469

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 3.5 3.3 5.6 4.5 3.2 4.3 3.6 3.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,389 1,326 1,405 1,396 1,441 1,397 1,482 1,365 1,417

Participation rate............................... 34.1 30.9 32.7 34.3 33.8 32.7 34.6 31.8 33.0

Employed....................................... 1,173 1,145 1,233 1,178 1,268 1,187 1,299 1,178 1,243

Employment-population ratio............... 28.8 26.7 28.7 29.0 29.7 27.8 30.3 27.5 28.9

Unemployed.................................... 216 181 172 218 173 210 183 187 174

Unemployment rate......................... 15.5 13.6 12.2 15.6 12.0 15.0 12.3 13.7 12.3

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,921 9,094 9,016 9,025 9,210 8,924 8,646 8,992 9,155

Participation rate.................................. 45.9 46.2 46.0 46.4 44.7 46.2 45.4 45.7 46.7

Employed.......................................... 8,365 8,674 8,534 8,368 8,680 8,398 8,110 8,491 8,577

Employment-population ratio................. 43.1 44.1 43.5 43.1 42.2 43.5 42.5 43.1 43.7

Unemployed....................................... 555 420 481 657 530 526 536 501 578

Unemployment rate............................ 6.2 4.6 5.3 7.3 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.6 6.3

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,575 35,488 35,243 35,282 35,985 35,386 35,798 35,278 35,038

Participation rate.................................. 55.5 56.5 56.2 55.0 56.8 56.1 56.4 56.1 55.9

Employed.......................................... 33,774 34,244 33,915 33,395 34,679 34,113 34,284 33,973 33,656

Employment-population ratio................. 52.7 54.5 54.1 52.1 54.8 54.1 54.0 54.1 53.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,801 1,244 1,328 1,888 1,305 1,273 1,514 1,306 1,382

Unemployment rate............................ 5.1 3.5 3.8 5.4 3.6 3.6 4.2 3.7 3.9

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,710 35,597 36,169 35,394 35,707 35,575 35,586 35,544 35,805

Participation rate.................................. 63.4 62.8 63.3 62.8 62.6 62.6 63.0 62.7 62.7

Employed.......................................... 34,236 34,609 35,132 33,863 34,585 34,563 34,538 34,530 34,731

Employment-population ratio................. 60.8 61.0 61.5 60.1 60.6 60.8 61.2 60.9 60.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,474 989 1,037 1,531 1,122 1,012 1,048 1,014 1,074

Unemployment rate............................ 4.1 2.8 2.9 4.3 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 61,068 63,574 63,458 60,951 62,098 63,380 63,701 63,610 63,376

Participation rate.................................. 72.0 73.0 72.9 71.9 73.1 73.0 73.1 73.0 72.8

Employed.......................................... 59,654 62,473 62,292 59,477 60,800 62,094 62,519 62,478 62,156

Employment-population ratio................. 70.3 71.7 71.6 70.1 71.6 71.5 71.7 71.7 71.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,414 1,100 1,166 1,473 1,297 1,286 1,182 1,132 1,220

Unemployment rate............................ 2.3 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,981 18,291 16,059 16,259 1,922 2,032

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,417 8,833 7,267 7,613 1,150 1,221

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 48.3 45.3 46.8 59.8 60.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,090 8,610 6,999 7,417 1,091 1,192

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 47.1 43.6 45.6 56.8 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 224 268 195 59 28

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 2.5 3.7 2.6 5.1 2.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,564 9,458 8,792 8,646 772 811

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,607 4,949 3,834 4,076 773 873

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637 4,044 3,081 3,369 557 675

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 81.7 80.4 82.7 72.0 77.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500 3,931 2,974 3,278 526 654

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.0 79.4 77.6 80.4 68.1 74.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 113 107 92 30 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 2.8 3.5 2.7 5.5 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969 905 753 706 216 198

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,131 3,234 2,599 2,728 532 506

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,236 2,276 1,879 1,955 357 321

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 70.4 72.3 71.7 67.2 63.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,144 2,222 1,804 1,904 340 318

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 68.7 69.4 69.8 63.9 62.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 54 74 51 18 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.4 4.0 2.6 4.9 0.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 958 720 773 175 184

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,328 6,154 6,105 5,909 223 245

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 886 952 837 50 49

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 14.4 15.6 14.2 22.2 20.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961 867 917 817 45 49

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 14.1 15.0 13.8 20.0 20.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 19 35 19 5 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.2 3.7 2.3 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,326 5,268 5,153 5,072 173 196

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,915 3,954 3,521 3,546 394 408

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542 1,627 1,355 1,452 186 175

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.4 41.1 38.5 40.9 47.3 42.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485 1,589 1,304 1,418 180 171

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 40.2 37.0 40.0 45.8 41.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 38 51 34 6 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 2.3 3.8 2.3 3.2 2.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,373 2,327 2,166 2,094 208 233

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,095 236,800 106,291 107,887 128,804 128,913

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,257 153,525 77,395 78,943 73,862 74,582

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 64.8 72.8 73.2 57.3 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,876 148,341 74,192 76,371 70,684 71,970

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 62.6 69.8 70.8 54.9 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,381 5,184 3,203 2,572 3,178 2,611

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.4 4.1 3.3 4.3 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,837 83,275 28,896 28,943 54,941 54,332

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 31,195 32,819 230,713 231,716

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,987 7,797 154,876 156,956

Participation rate..................................................................... 22.4 23.8 67.1 67.7

Employed............................................................................. 6,352 7,224 148,615 151,920

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 20.4 22.0 64.4 65.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 635 573 6,261 5,036

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.1 7.4 4.0 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,208 25,022 75,837 74,760

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,900 3,318 76,743 78,017

Participation rate..................................................................... 37.5 39.7 82.1 82.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,636 3,035 73,652 75,544

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 34.1 36.3 78.8 80.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 264 283 3,091 2,473

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.1 8.5 4.0 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,828 5,037 16,695 16,397

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,855 3,092 68,510 68,970

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.1 37.6 71.3 71.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,550 2,848 65,667 66,604

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.3 34.7 68.3 69.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 305 244 2,844 2,366

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.7 7.9 4.2 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,050 5,122 27,572 27,276

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,232 1,387 9,622 9,968

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.9 8.5 23.4 24.3

Employed............................................................................. 1,166 1,341 9,296 9,772

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.5 8.3 22.6 23.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 66 46 326 196

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.3 3.3 3.4 2.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,330 14,864 31,571 31,087

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,449 45,908 21,226 22,506 22,223 23,402

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,564 30,459 16,570 17,657 11,994 12,802

Participation rate.................................................. 65.7 66.3 78.1 78.5 54.0 54.7

Employed.......................................................... 27,341 29,451 15,932 17,110 11,409 12,340

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.9 64.2 75.1 76.0 51.3 52.7

Unemployed....................................................... 1,224 1,008 639 547 585 461

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.3 3.3 3.9 3.1 4.9 3.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,885 15,450 4,656 4,849 10,229 10,600

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,458 218,627 105,492 106,391 112,966 112,236

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,298 134,294 69,155 70,028 64,144 64,267

Participation rate.................................................. 61.0 61.4 65.6 65.8 56.8 57.3

Employed.......................................................... 127,626 129,693 66,232 67,688 61,394 62,005

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.4 59.3 62.8 63.6 54.3 55.2

Unemployed....................................................... 5,673 4,601 2,923 2,340 2,750 2,261

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.3 3.4 4.2 3.3 4.3 3.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 85,160 84,333 36,338 36,363 48,822 47,970

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,418 2,165 2,300 2,296 2,308 2,429 2,178 2,178 2,205

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,596 1,448 1,577 1,501 1,520 1,621 1,491 1,474 1,497

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 785 700 701 769 747 752 645 696 691

Unpaid family workers........................... 37 18 22 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 152,548 156,838 156,845 152,070 156,114 156,002 156,931 156,956 156,645

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 142,933 147,538 147,397 142,194 146,346 146,627 147,397 147,268 147,004

Government..................................... 20,586 21,166 21,258 20,511 20,601 21,272 21,220 21,313 21,180

Private industries............................... 122,347 126,372 126,139 122,175 125,767 125,421 126,111 126,494 126,165

Private households.......................... 766 705 743 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 121,581 125,667 125,397 121,460 125,210 124,799 125,441 125,902 125,559

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,548 9,235 9,394 9,465 9,255 8,971 8,985 9,161 9,283

Unpaid family workers........................... 68 65 54 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,094 3,523 3,356 4,398 3,621 3,924 4,149 3,843 3,660

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,913 2,393 2,335 3,108 2,366 2,697 2,769 2,577 2,534

Could only find part-time work.................. 928 945 817 961 914 910 979 952 870

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,128 21,389 21,901 20,539 20,602 21,103 21,044 21,233 21,274

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 3,998 3,479 3,301 4,273 3,694 3,888 4,075 3,763 3,577

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,838 2,353 2,288 3,032 2,345 2,676 2,727 2,527 2,486

Could only find part-time work.................. 927 945 813 962 912 909 966 952 867

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,773 21,047 21,555 20,200 20,180 20,675 20,710 20,887 20,932

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,966 159,003 159,144 154,234 158,111 158,290 158,732 158,936 158,608

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,137 5,337 5,422 5,281 5,558 5,415 5,778 5,565 5,592

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,999 2,115 2,193 1,992 2,114 2,076 2,255 2,087 2,189

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,137 3,222 3,229 3,289 3,443 3,343 3,485 3,464 3,389

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,830 153,666 153,722 148,953 152,554 152,875 152,953 153,371 153,016

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,800 13,666 13,849 13,718 13,852 13,902 13,670 13,755 13,780

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,030 140,000 139,873 135,282 138,603 138,969 139,259 139,598 139,214

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,355 102,291 102,028 98,795 101,495 101,686 102,053 102,037 101,548

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,257 35,451 35,527 35,029 35,437 35,436 35,555 35,392 35,320

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,237 34,735 34,760 33,042 34,508 34,616 34,694 34,618 34,607

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,862 32,105 31,742 30,723 31,550 31,634 31,804 32,027 31,621

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,674 37,709 37,844 36,487 37,108 37,283 37,206 37,561 37,666

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,163 84,687 84,799 81,835 84,061 83,891 84,045 84,587 84,571

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,608 2,612 2,705 2,672 2,819 2,726 2,820 2,709 2,779

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972 958 1,010 984 1,046 988 1,036 954 1,027

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636 1,653 1,695 1,691 1,769 1,742 1,761 1,749 1,751

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,556 82,075 82,093 79,164 81,242 81,164 81,225 81,878 81,792

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,969 7,003 7,150 6,972 7,081 7,022 6,900 7,038 7,146

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,587 75,072 74,943 72,181 74,052 74,151 74,233 74,762 74,581

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,007 54,560 54,379 52,717 54,161 54,190 54,193 54,381 54,130

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,855 18,926 18,845 18,715 18,842 18,740 18,767 18,866 18,718

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,866 18,656 18,721 17,784 18,492 18,631 18,651 18,579 18,656

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,286 16,979 16,813 16,218 16,828 16,819 16,776 16,936 16,756

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,580 20,512 20,564 19,464 19,890 19,961 20,040 20,381 20,450

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,803 74,316 74,345 72,399 74,050 74,399 74,687 74,349 74,037

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,529 2,726 2,717 2,609 2,739 2,689 2,958 2,856 2,813

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027 1,157 1,183 1,008 1,067 1,088 1,219 1,133 1,162

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501 1,568 1,534 1,598 1,674 1,601 1,724 1,715 1,637

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,274 71,590 71,628 69,790 71,311 71,710 71,729 71,493 71,224

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,831 6,663 6,699 6,746 6,771 6,880 6,770 6,717 6,635

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,443 64,928 64,929 63,101 64,551 64,818 65,026 64,836 64,633

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,348 47,731 47,649 46,078 47,334 47,496 47,860 47,656 47,418

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,401 16,525 16,682 16,314 16,595 16,696 16,789 16,526 16,602

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,371 16,079 16,039 15,258 16,016 15,986 16,044 16,039 15,951

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,576 15,127 14,928 14,505 14,722 14,814 15,028 15,091 14,865

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,095 17,197 17,280 17,023 17,218 17,322 17,165 17,180 17,216

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,910 46,100 45,631 43,794 45,222 45,449 45,422 45,912 45,556

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,209 36,616 36,309 34,988 36,526 36,954 36,828 36,615 36,155

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,696 9,813 9,629 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,848 133,027 132,544 128,409 132,648 132,577 132,335 132,661 132,228

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,119 25,976 26,600 25,903 25,440 25,824 26,237 26,230 26,394

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,166 7,739 7,676 6,984 7,541 7,633 7,747 7,746 7,496

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,334 6,710 6,851 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,332 9,935 10,095 10,234 10,002 9,723 9,629 9,858 9,974

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,375 5,753 6,059 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 697 713 691 11.7 11.0 11.5 10.4 11.4 11.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 223 294 240 10.1 11.2 10.3 9.7 12.4 9.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 475 424 456 12.6 10.2 12.1 10.9 10.9 11.9

20 years and over................................ 6,679 5,040 5,368 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,071 1,030 1,020 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.9 7.0 6.9

25 years and over.............................. 5,579 3,980 4,319 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 4,266 3,074 3,386 4.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,763 1,313 1,457 4.8 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 1,311 1,072 1,025 3.8 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 1,192 689 904 3.7 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.8

55 years and over........................... 1,363 926 962 3.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,900 3,124 3,218 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 361 341 384 11.9 11.2 11.5 11.2 11.2 12.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 106 145 138 9.8 11.2 8.7 11.5 13.2 11.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 257 200 254 13.2 9.8 12.8 11.2 10.3 12.7

20 years and over................................ 3,539 2,783 2,834 4.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 620 606 550 8.2 7.6 7.3 8.1 7.9 7.1

25 years and over.............................. 2,912 2,165 2,271 3.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,214 1,675 1,771 4.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 995 706 769 5.0 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 676 564 502 3.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 543 405 500 3.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.9

55 years and over........................... 699 490 501 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.4

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,475 2,629 2,841 4.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 336 372 307 11.4 10.8 11.4 9.6 11.5 9.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 117 149 102 10.4 11.1 11.6 8.2 11.6 8.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 218 224 202 12.0 10.6 11.3 10.5 11.6 11.0

20 years and over................................ 3,139 2,258 2,534 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 452 424 470 6.3 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.9 6.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,667 1,815 2,047 4.1 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 2,052 1,399 1,615 4.3 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 768 607 688 4.5 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.5 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 635 507 523 4.0 3.6 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.2

45 to 54 years............................. 649 284 404 4.3 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.8 2.6

55 years and over........................... 642 420 446 3.6 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,120 840 891 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,080 708 801 3.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2

Women who maintain families2.................... 610 488 577 5.9 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.7 5.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,144 4,751 5,027 4.6 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.7

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,269 1,010 1,073 4.7 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.9

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,306 2,176 2,335 3,700 2,645 2,547 2,720 2,495 2,663

On temporary layoff.............................. 693 463 526 1,041 827 791 782 758 847

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,613 1,713 1,809 2,659 1,818 1,756 1,938 1,737 1,816

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,082 1,161 1,260 2,102 1,273 1,166 1,354 1,181 1,241

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 530 552 549 557 545 589 584 556 576

Job leavers........................................... 869 976 887 845 832 842 898 905 862

Reentrants............................................ 2,186 1,867 1,887 2,206 1,990 1,826 1,836 1,840 1,886

New entrants......................................... 536 441 501 537 464 460 440 447 485

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 47.9 39.9 41.6 50.8 44.6 44.9 46.2 43.9 45.2

On temporary layoff.............................. 10.1 8.5 9.4 14.3 13.9 13.9 13.3 13.3 14.4

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.9 31.4 32.2 36.5 30.7 30.9 32.9 30.5 30.8

Job leavers........................................... 12.6 17.9 15.8 11.6 14.0 14.8 15.2 15.9 14.6

Reentrants............................................ 31.7 34.2 33.6 30.3 33.6 32.2 31.2 32.4 32.0

New entrants......................................... 7.8 8.1 8.9 7.4 7.8 8.1 7.5 7.9 8.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.0 1.3 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,884 2,127 2,023 2,051 2,262 2,080 2,223 2,154 2,211

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,762 1,474 1,696 1,876 1,552 1,772 1,807 1,645 1,783

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,251 1,859 1,889 3,340 2,089 1,785 2,022 1,966 1,970

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 919 751 714 1,001 753 718 885 899 805

27 weeks and over............................... 2,332 1,109 1,175 2,339 1,336 1,067 1,137 1,067 1,165

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 27.7 20.7 21.5 26.9 22.3 22.1 22.3 20.2 20.8

Median duration, in weeks......................... 13.1 8.8 8.6 13.0 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 27.3 39.0 36.1 28.2 38.3 36.9 36.7 37.4 37.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 25.5 27.0 30.2 25.8 26.3 31.4 29.9 28.5 29.9

15 weeks and over.................................. 47.1 34.1 33.7 46.0 35.4 31.7 33.4 34.1 33.0

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.3 13.7 12.7 13.8 12.8 12.7 14.6 15.6 13.5

27 weeks and over............................... 33.8 20.3 21.0 32.2 22.6 18.9 18.8 18.5 19.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 154,966 159,144 6,896 5,609 4.3 3.4

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 65,335 68,918 1,453 1,398 2.2 2.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,665 29,433 656 639 2.3 2.1

Professional and related occupations.......................... 37,669 39,485 796 759 2.1 1.9

Service occupations................................................ 25,458 25,749 1,709 1,134 6.3 4.2

Sales and office occupations...................................... 29,914 29,886 1,400 1,060 4.5 3.4

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,155 14,242 672 497 4.5 3.4

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,759 15,644 728 563 4.4 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,258 14,463 616 606 4.1 4.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,076 938 65 77 5.7 7.6

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,356 8,658 446 413 5.1 4.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,826 4,867 104 116 2.1 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 20,001 20,128 1,169 886 5.5 4.2

Production occupations.......................................... 8,268 8,184 388 295 4.5 3.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,733 11,944 782 591 6.2 4.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,896 5,609 4.3 3.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,301 4,381 4.2 3.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 63 4 10.0 0.8

Construction.......................................................................... 398 419 4.0 4.1

Manufacturing........................................................................ 499 463 3.3 3.1

Durable goods..................................................................... 279 319 2.9 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................ 220 144 4.0 2.7

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,019 699 5.2 3.6

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 381 273 4.7 3.3

Information............................................................................ 83 94 3.5 3.3

Financial activities................................................................... 192 195 1.9 1.9

Professional and business services............................................... 791 645 4.4 3.5

Education and health services..................................................... 677 677 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 960 738 7.5 5.5

Other services........................................................................ 239 174 3.5 2.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 83 81 5.1 5.1

Government workers................................................................... 467 321 2.2 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 510 325 4.7 3.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.0 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.0 1.3 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.3 3.3 3.4 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.5 3.6 3.6 4.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.2 4.3 4.3 5.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.7 6.4 6.3 8.2 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

Oct.

2021

Oct.

2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 100,045 99,782 40,994 41,212 59,052 58,570

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,567 5,341 2,478 2,618 3,089 2,723

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,638 1,469 842 786 796 683

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 460 373 315 261 145 112

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,178 1,096 527 525 651 571

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,166 7,676 3,467 3,846 3,699 3,830

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.6 4.8 4.2 4.5 5.1 5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,193 4,449 2,194 2,449 1,999 1,999

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,598 1,733 540 612 1,059 1,122

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 361 347 215 194 146 154

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 953 1,095 499 565 454 530

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Change

from:

Sept.2022

-

Oct.2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,310 152,674 153,197 154,369 148,005 152,732 153,047 153,308 261

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,847 131,180 130,793 131,656 125,911 130,406 130,725 130,958 233

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,705 21,481 21,409 21,451 20,499 21,196 21,244 21,277 33

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 638 637 639 578 631 634 634 0

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 47.0 46.4 45.5 44.9 45.4 45.7 44.7 -1.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538.9 590.9 591.0 593.3 533.5 585.8 588.2 588.8 0.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.7 135.0 134.9 135.2 121.3 134.5 135.2 135.6 0.4

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.6 183.5 182.4 183.0 176.0 180.2 180.4 181.1 0.7

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 37.8 37.9 37.9 36.5 38.0 38.1 37.9 -0.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.8 43.9 43.6 43.6 41.9 43.6 43.8 43.7 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 101.8 100.9 101.5 97.7 98.6 98.5 99.5 1.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.6 272.4 273.7 275.1 236.2 271.1 272.6 272.1 -0.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,636 7,911 7,877 7,888 7,455 7,698 7,720 7,721 1

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,684.0 1,745.4 1,731.3 1,742.1 1,654.0 1,709.7 1,711.3 1,716.9 5.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.1 918.8 907.9 915.3 869.0 900.8 901.3 903.7 2.4

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800.9 826.6 823.4 826.8 785.0 808.9 810.0 813.2 3.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,099.9 1,125.0 1,124.9 1,127.1 1,043.5 1,074.7 1,074.3 1,073.9 -0.4

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,852.3 5,040.1 5,020.3 5,019.2 4,757.0 4,914.0 4,934.0 4,930.0 -4.0

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,236.6 2,315.7 2,306.3 2,305.1 2,203.1 2,266.2 2,275.2 2,273.7 -1.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,615.7 2,724.4 2,714.0 2,714.1 2,553.9 2,647.8 2,658.8 2,656.3 -2.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,485 12,932 12,895 12,924 12,466 12,867 12,890 12,922 32

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,764 8,030 8,008 8,031 7,766 8,003 8,016 8,039 23

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.8 431.8 429.4 430.0 413.5 430.8 430.8 429.9 -0.9

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.1 423.3 420.9 425.0 402.1 416.6 416.4 419.6 3.2

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.1 363.5 364.6 364.6 353.6 363.6 366.3 366.1 -0.2

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397.5 1,445.4 1,446.9 1,452.5 1,398.1 1,443.6 1,449.1 1,454.3 5.2

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060.9 1,102.1 1,097.2 1,098.8 1,063.6 1,099.3 1,099.6 1,102.6 3.0

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,064.4 1,096.5 1,088.9 1,096.3 1,066.0 1,091.7 1,091.2 1,096.6 5.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 159.1 164.7 164.5 166.7 159.2 164.0 164.4 166.4 2.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 84.1 82.4 84.4 85.4 84.2 83.2 84.7 1.5

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.1 390.6 387.5 390.3 371.5 388.6 388.6 391.0 2.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.6 424.5 422.4 423.0 419.5 422.9 423.1 422.8 -0.3

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 32.6 32.1 31.9 30.4 31.9 31.9 31.6 -0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 397.5 411.1 410.9 410.9 398.0 410.8 412.1 412.4 0.3

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,672.7 1,729.5 1,730.7 1,730.2 1,676.6 1,723.0 1,727.7 1,732.4 4.7

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992.1 1,022.3 1,024.2 1,018.3 998.4 1,011.1 1,018.5 1,023.3 4.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.6 382.1 379.2 379.7 379.4 381.7 381.4 381.2 -0.2

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.5 644.6 639.7 642.9 615.3 641.6 641.7 643.5 1.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,721 4,902 4,887 4,893 4,700 4,864 4,874 4,883 9

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,656.4 1,723.9 1,720.4 1,719.3 1,642.6 1,701.3 1,709.1 1,710.1 1.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.7 100.1 100.2 99.3 99.4 99.7 100.0 99.3 -0.7

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6 103.4 102.9 102.5 104.3 104.1 103.4 102.8 -0.6

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 95.1 94.1 94.8 91.5 94.8 94.2 94.6 0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.0 357.7 358.4 358.8 348.7 358.4 359.6 360.5 0.9

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 372.5 378.3 373.4 376.2 369.9 377.5 373.7 374.7 1.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 107.9 107.4 107.9 105.6 105.6 105.9 105.8 -0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871.3 908.4 904.9 906.7 874.1 906.2 908.9 910.5 1.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726.8 756.7 754.1 757.8 729.2 757.5 758.1 761.1 3.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341.3 370.3 371.0 369.5 334.7 359.3 361.3 363.4 2.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,142 109,699 109,384 110,205 105,412 109,210 109,481 109,681 200

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,100 28,643 28,586 28,845 28,013 28,799 28,792 28,823 31

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,725.0 5,913.1 5,903.3 5,931.5 5,716.3 5,896.9 5,908.5 5,923.1 14.6

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,148.3 3,255.6 3,249.0 3,260.0 3,149.9 3,247.2 3,253.9 3,262.6 8.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092.7 2,154.1 2,149.0 2,164.2 2,083.4 2,147.1 2,149.4 2,155.4 6.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Change

from:

Sept.2022

-

Oct.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.0 503.4 505.3 507.3 483.0 502.6 505.2 505.1 -0.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,577.9 15,778.2 15,659.5 15,822.3 15,537.0 15,829.5 15,821.9 15,829.1 7.2

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,951.0 1,988.7 1,980.2 1,980.5 1,946.8 1,974.7 1,975.3 1,977.1 1.8

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,223.7 1,240.8 1,235.6 1,235.5 1,222.5 1,235.5 1,234.6 1,235.7 1.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 177.5 174.0 174.1 172.3 170.7 172.4 173.3 0.9

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 555.1 570.4 570.6 570.9 552.0 568.5 568.4 568.1 -0.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 445.8 426.2 423.5 429.9 444.8 433.1 431.4 430.2 -1.2

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 440.2 423.8 422.2 423.8 423.5 427.9 424.7 419.0 -5.7

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364.6 1,405.1 1,378.6 1,373.6 1,379.4 1,397.2 1,393.2 1,394.6 1.4

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,118.4 3,209.8 3,181.9 3,195.6 3,118.8 3,200.9 3,201.6 3,198.9 -2.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054.7 1,058.7 1,062.7 1,080.0 1,050.9 1,069.1 1,073.4 1,075.6 2.2

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949.5 990.6 981.4 984.4 943.5 974.6 975.4 980.0 4.6

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,064.8 1,087.5 1,071.5 1,085.1 1,072.0 1,085.5 1,086.8 1,091.5 4.7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.8 529.1 520.0 533.1 544.0 533.0 530.4 531.8 1.4

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,160.8 3,147.5 3,136.2 3,209.6 3,138.2 3,225.4 3,219.0 3,216.8 -2.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956.0 939.3 929.8 957.6 950.7 966.7 962.1 956.9 -5.2

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,204.8 2,208.2 2,206.4 2,252.0 2,187.4 2,258.7 2,256.9 2,259.9 3.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.7 868.3 856.1 867.5 826.1 859.5 862.6 865.8 3.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661.6 642.9 645.2 659.2 649.0 648.6 648.1 647.8 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,258.3 6,407.6 6,481.4 6,547.2 6,220.2 6,529.5 6,518.2 6,526.4 8.2

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.0 567.9 567.3 571.1 505.5 564.3 567.0 571.2 4.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 146.8 147.3 147.3 145.7 146.8 147.2 147.1 -0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 63.3 62.9 61.7 55.0 61.4 61.7 61.8 0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546.5 1,612.2 1,594.4 1,614.2 1,528.9 1,597.4 1,587.9 1,601.1 13.2

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.7 354.5 423.9 432.1 384.1 414.0 409.1 411.5 2.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 47.8 47.0 47.2 50.3 47.8 47.3 47.2 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 26.4 35.3 34.1 32.3 26.1 29.1 30.4 31.0 0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 746.1 786.9 790.2 797.2 741.0 785.6 790.6 792.0 1.4

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,044.8 1,044.7 1,057.0 1,077.1 1,077.6 1,114.5 1,114.9 1,121.4 6.5

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,732.9 1,748.2 1,757.3 1,767.0 1,706.0 1,768.6 1,762.1 1,742.1 -20.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538.9 543.9 541.7 544.1 539.5 542.6 543.2 544.3 1.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,897 3,056 3,042 3,052 2,886 3,032 3,039 3,043 4

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 793.2 844.9 846.0 837.0 793.8 839.8 845.4 840.5 -4.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.4 448.9 431.8 446.1 412.0 435.4 432.8 436.5 3.7

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.4 234.0 234.6 234.4 232.4 234.8 233.9 232.9 -1.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.5 664.2 663.8 661.0 661.8 664.6 662.6 661.3 -1.3

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.0 427.6 432.1 434.4 401.4 427.7 431.4 432.4 1.0

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.1 436.5 433.2 439.4 384.8 429.8 433.0 439.8 6.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,846 9,022 8,969 8,995 8,817 8,967 8,968 8,971 3

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,534.9 6,622.3 6,585.8 6,617.9 6,527.9 6,605.3 6,599.6 6,612.0 12.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.8 21.1 21.0 21.2 20.8 21.0 21.0 21.1 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703.2 2,708.5 2,691.6 2,692.2 2,705.4 2,700.4 2,699.0 2,696.5 -2.5

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,727.6 1,748.6 1,740.4 1,742.2 1,733.4 1,741.5 1,745.6 1,747.5 1.9

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,342.0 1,347.5 1,339.0 1,344.4 1,347.9 1,342.5 1,344.7 1,348.1 3.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 641.9 627.5 620.5 622.6 639.5 626.9 621.7 621.5 -0.2

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 333.7 332.4 330.7 327.4 332.5 331.9 331.7 327.5 -4.2

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 1,004.8 1,050.3 1,043.6 1,056.0 1,001.6 1,041.1 1,045.6 1,051.0 5.4

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,806.1 2,842.4 2,829.6 2,848.5 2,800.1 2,842.8 2,834.0 2,843.4 9.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,310.9 2,399.3 2,383.6 2,377.5 2,289.2 2,361.9 2,367.9 2,359.2 -8.7

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785.8 1,823.8 1,820.8 1,830.1 1,769.6 1,805.1 1,815.4 1,814.5 -0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Change

from:

Sept.2022

-

Oct.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.6 554.7 542.2 526.7 499.1 536.3 531.9 524.1 -7.8

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.5 20.8 20.6 20.7 20.5 20.5 20.6 20.6 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,875 22,474 22,466 22,707 21,619 22,402 22,454 22,493 39

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,090.9 10,516.5 10,449.6 10,601.3 10,073.2 10,515.3 10,538.6 10,581.3 42.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173.3 1,179.2 1,170.9 1,186.6 1,168.6 1,180.8 1,178.7 1,182.1 3.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,024.6 1,064.3 1,062.8 1,082.2 1,076.3 1,112.7 1,118.6 1,123.5 4.9

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,582.3 1,671.9 1,659.3 1,674.7 1,570.9 1,651.3 1,656.4 1,663.2 6.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.5 153.9 153.7 156.4 144.3 153.7 154.4 154.7 0.3

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,355.3 2,446.0 2,423.6 2,456.3 2,339.9 2,434.7 2,438.2 2,447.0 8.8

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,700.8 1,774.4 1,769.7 1,807.9 1,675.5 1,772.5 1,777.5 1,784.9 7.4

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.8 896.9 888.2 897.8 842.0 888.4 892.9 898.2 5.3

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.4 491.6 487.7 493.9 452.0 489.6 489.7 491.8 2.1

Other professional and technical services. . . 811.9 838.3 833.7 845.5 803.7 831.6 832.2 835.9 3.7

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,342.7 2,400.0 2,389.0 2,395.9 2,342.9 2,390.4 2,392.8 2,397.0 4.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,441.4 9,557.2 9,627.5 9,709.8 9,202.4 9,496.6 9,523.0 9,514.9 -8.1

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,972.7 9,073.4 9,144.7 9,223.1 8,738.2 9,017.9 9,043.2 9,034.2 -9.0

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 561.6 605.8 604.6 608.9 560.2 601.6 604.0 606.8 2.8

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.3 157.1 157.5 158.8 156.3 156.2 157.1 157.1 0.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,843.8 3,817.6 3,912.9 3,985.9 3,699.7 3,872.2 3,882.9 3,884.4 1.5

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,146.5 3,090.2 3,174.6 3,241.1 3,025.1 3,155.0 3,167.6 3,179.4 11.8

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.0 766.4 763.0 768.6 801.6 775.7 767.3 761.5 -5.8

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.6 156.7 157.0 157.4 143.7 153.6 155.2 155.7 0.5

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 909.3 934.5 941.5 943.7 904.9 932.4 939.4 938.0 -1.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,229.2 2,306.0 2,279.0 2,270.4 2,164.1 2,201.0 2,213.6 2,207.2 -6.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.9 329.3 329.2 329.4 307.7 325.2 323.7 323.6 -0.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468.7 483.8 482.8 486.7 464.2 478.7 479.8 480.7 0.9

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,048 24,298 24,624 24,954 23,805 24,562 24,653 24,732 79

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,827.8 3,585.7 3,851.7 4,006.7 3,651.8 3,840.7 3,850.8 3,859.1 8.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,220.2 20,712.6 20,772.1 20,947.7 20,153.6 20,721.0 20,801.7 20,872.8 71.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,096.0 16,468.2 16,522.8 16,629.8 16,056.7 16,460.0 16,524.6 16,577.2 52.6

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,990.9 8,211.2 8,234.5 8,311.2 7,965.3 8,218.1 8,250.2 8,280.9 30.7

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,775.6 2,838.7 2,850.7 2,877.0 2,766.2 2,843.9 2,855.3 2,864.9 9.6

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010.1 1,047.3 1,041.4 1,054.2 1,006.8 1,042.9 1,045.9 1,050.9 5.0

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,040.9 1,095.7 1,096.3 1,109.9 1,036.3 1,094.1 1,100.1 1,106.4 6.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004.4 1,030.9 1,031.6 1,033.5 1,005.2 1,031.6 1,032.0 1,033.4 1.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 310.4 313.7 311.8 310.6 309.7 314.9 313.5 310.2 -3.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,538.2 1,566.7 1,579.8 1,598.3 1,529.2 1,571.1 1,581.0 1,587.1 6.1

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.3 318.2 322.9 327.7 312.0 319.7 322.4 327.9 5.5

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,128.5 5,216.2 5,244.3 5,254.5 5,122.3 5,211.9 5,237.0 5,247.8 10.8

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 2,976.6 3,040.8 3,044.0 3,064.1 2,969.1 3,030.0 3,037.4 3,048.5 11.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,356.3 1,364.4 1,367.4 1,378.8 1,349.2 1,360.6 1,362.9 1,367.0 4.1

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 596.6 614.6 616.1 618.0 597.0 613.0 615.8 617.4 1.6

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870.3 903.5 903.6 909.1 869.6 899.0 901.4 906.1 4.7

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 153.4 158.3 156.9 158.2 153.3 157.4 157.4 158.0 0.6

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,124.2 4,244.4 4,249.3 4,317.9 4,096.9 4,261.0 4,277.1 4,295.6 18.5

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,739.2 2,825.5 2,821.0 2,860.1 2,734.5 2,822.4 2,838.7 2,848.3 9.6

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 192.9 202.6 200.4 205.9 193.3 204.3 202.6 206.9 4.3

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 276.4 278.2 274.7 276.7 274.4 274.7 275.0 274.5 -0.5

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.7 938.1 953.2 975.2 894.6 959.7 960.9 965.8 4.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,805 16,441 15,979 15,902 14,728 15,744 15,851 15,886 35

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,108.8 2,568.5 2,378.7 2,309.3 2,123.5 2,304.2 2,324.2 2,333.8 9.6

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 450.8 511.3 524.7 513.1 430.3 490.8 497.4 498.8 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Change

from:

Sept.2022

-

Oct.2022p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.4 172.1 163.5 163.1 143.4 161.1 161.5 161.7 0.2

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,511.6 1,885.1 1,690.5 1,633.1 1,549.8 1,652.3 1,665.3 1,673.3 8.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,695.7 13,872.8 13,600.3 13,592.4 12,604.1 13,440.1 13,526.7 13,552.6 25.9

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579.6 1,853.6 1,762.8 1,748.2 1,566.3 1,719.1 1,736.7 1,756.6 19.9

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,116.1 12,019.2 11,837.5 11,844.2 11,037.8 11,721.0 11,790.0 11,796.0 6.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,571 5,765 5,718 5,750 5,544 5,704 5,724 5,733 9

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,386.8 1,437.8 1,436.1 1,443.6 1,379.6 1,427.9 1,435.9 1,438.3 2.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414.5 1,472.1 1,468.1 1,481.2 1,401.7 1,460.4 1,468.3 1,469.6 1.3

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,769.4 2,855.4 2,813.9 2,825.4 2,762.6 2,815.2 2,819.7 2,824.9 5.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,463 21,494 22,404 22,713 22,094 22,326 22,322 22,350 28

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,882 2,868 2,875 2,879 2,880 2,864 2,867 2,873 6

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,283.6 2,274.7 2,280.1 2,280.8 2,279.7 2,263.9 2,268.0 2,272.0 4.0

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597.9 592.8 594.8 598.1 600.6 599.9 599.1 601.1 2.0

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,388 5,000 5,345 5,419 5,224 5,261 5,261 5,254 -7

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,737.1 2,343.1 2,700.5 2,787.8 2,567.3 2,618.5 2,622.6 2,620.8 -1.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,650.7 2,656.9 2,644.6 2,630.9 2,657.0 2,642.4 2,638.1 2,633.1 -5.0

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,193 13,626 14,184 14,415 13,990 14,201 14,194 14,223 29

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,876.7 7,024.2 7,751.1 7,991.8 7,633.0 7,776.2 7,755.0 7,768.5 13.5

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,316.5 6,601.7 6,432.4 6,423.1 6,357.3 6,424.6 6,439.0 6,454.5 15.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.8 34.5 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.9 39.9 39.9 40.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.8 46.2 46.3 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 38.7 38.7 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.8

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 39.7 39.7 39.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.8 33.4 33.5 33.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.0 34.0 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.4 38.9 38.9 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 30.1 30.1 30.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.4 38.5 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 41.6 42.0 42.5

Information......................................................................... 36.9 36.6 36.6 36.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.4 37.4 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.7 36.6 36.8 36.7

Education and health services.................................................. 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.3 25.6 25.7 25.6

Other services..................................................................... 32.4 32.2 32.3 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Total private............................................... $31.11 $32.36 $32.46 $32.58 $1,082.63 $1,116.42 $1,119.87 $1,124.01

Goods-producing....................................... 31.46 32.59 32.71 32.84 1,255.25 1,300.34 1,305.13 1,313.60

Mining and logging.................................. 35.30 36.55 36.52 36.56 1,581.44 1,688.61 1,690.88 1,689.07

Construction.......................................... 33.41 34.91 35.07 35.27 1,296.31 1,351.02 1,357.21 1,372.00

Manufacturing........................................ 30.14 31.04 31.14 31.23 1,214.64 1,250.91 1,254.94 1,261.69

Durable goods.................................... 31.62 32.63 32.74 32.82 1,277.45 1,328.04 1,332.52 1,339.06

Nondurable goods................................ 27.70 28.38 28.44 28.54 1,113.54 1,126.69 1,129.07 1,130.18

Private service-providing.............................. 31.03 32.31 32.40 32.52 1,048.81 1,079.15 1,085.40 1,089.42

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 26.67 27.77 27.87 28.00 920.12 944.18 947.58 952.00

Wholesale trade.................................. 34.17 35.21 35.28 35.52 1,346.30 1,369.67 1,372.39 1,378.18

Retail trade........................................ 22.22 23.04 23.08 23.16 684.38 693.50 694.71 697.12

Transportation and warehousing............... 26.74 28.19 28.36 28.43 1,034.84 1,082.50 1,091.86 1,097.40

Utilities............................................. 45.28 47.25 47.85 48.12 1,915.34 1,965.60 2,009.70 2,045.10

Information........................................... 44.60 47.29 47.66 47.45 1,645.74 1,730.81 1,744.36 1,731.93

Financial activities................................... 40.55 41.82 42.06 42.11 1,520.63 1,564.07 1,573.04 1,579.13

Professional and business services.............. 37.29 38.91 38.98 39.17 1,368.54 1,424.11 1,434.46 1,437.54

Education and health services..................... 30.71 31.96 31.98 32.06 1,025.71 1,067.46 1,068.13 1,067.60

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 19.19 20.27 20.32 20.43 504.70 518.91 522.22 523.01

Other services....................................... 28.21 28.65 28.85 28.98 914.00 922.53 931.86 936.05

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2022 -

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2022 -

Oct.

2022p

Total private..................................... 110.0 112.9 113.2 113.4 0.2 163.6 174.7 175.7 176.7 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 93.2 96.4 96.6 97.0 0.4 132.5 141.9 142.8 143.9 0.8

Mining and logging........................ 81.4 91.6 92.2 92.0 -0.2 115.3 134.4 135.2 135.1 -0.1

Construction................................ 99.7 102.7 103.0 103.5 0.5 144.7 155.8 156.9 158.7 1.1

Manufacturing.............................. 90.4 93.3 93.5 93.9 0.4 126.7 134.7 135.3 136.4 0.8

Durable goods........................... 88.3 91.7 91.9 92.3 0.4 124.0 132.9 133.6 134.6 0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 94.3 96.4 96.6 96.5 -0.1 132.6 138.8 139.4 139.8 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 114.7 117.4 118.1 118.3 0.2 173.0 184.4 186.0 187.0 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 105.5 106.8 106.8 106.9 0.1 151.7 160.0 160.5 161.5 0.6

Wholesale trade......................... 99.3 101.2 101.4 101.4 0.0 142.0 149.0 149.6 150.6 0.7

Retail trade.............................. 97.2 96.8 96.7 96.7 0.0 142.7 147.3 147.5 148.1 0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 138.3 144.1 144.2 144.7 0.3 188.2 206.6 208.0 209.4 0.7

Utilities.................................... 98.7 97.7 98.7 100.1 1.4 147.7 152.5 156.1 159.1 1.9

Information................................. 97.3 101.3 101.6 101.4 -0.2 154.4 170.6 172.4 171.4 -0.6

Financial activities......................... 108.3 109.9 109.9 110.2 0.3 171.4 179.2 180.3 181.1 0.4

Professional and business services..... 124.4 128.6 129.6 129.4 -0.2 187.8 202.5 204.5 205.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 129.8 134.0 134.5 134.5 0.0 191.8 206.0 206.9 207.4 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 110.5 115.0 116.2 116.0 -0.2 171.1 188.1 190.6 191.3 0.4

Other services............................. 103.6 105.9 106.6 106.8 0.2 160.1 166.3 168.6 169.6 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Total nonfarm............................................. 73,744 76,156 76,337 76,510 49.8 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private............................................ 60,970 63,180 63,356 63,504 48.4 48.4 48.5 48.5

Goods-producing.................................... 4,684 4,892 4,912 4,926 22.8 23.1 23.1 23.2

Mining and logging............................... 72 83 84 84 12.5 13.2 13.2 13.2

Construction....................................... 1,034 1,080 1,087 1,089 13.9 14.0 14.1 14.1

Manufacturing..................................... 3,578 3,729 3,741 3,753 28.7 29.0 29.0 29.0

Durable goods.................................. 1,898 1,990 2,000 2,009 24.4 24.9 25.0 25.0

Nondurable goods............................. 1,680 1,739 1,741 1,744 35.7 35.8 35.7 35.7

Private service-providing........................... 56,286 58,288 58,444 58,578 53.4 53.4 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,083 11,459 11,465 11,468 39.6 39.8 39.8 39.8

Wholesale trade................................ 1,719.6 1,800.5 1,803.0 1,806.6 30.1 30.5 30.5 30.5

Retail trade..................................... 7,590.3 7,746.7 7,752.1 7,749.3 48.9 48.9 49.0 49.0

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,637.9 1,773.2 1,770.7 1,772.8 26.3 27.2 27.2 27.2

Utilities........................................... 135.6 138.2 138.7 139.2 25.1 25.5 25.5 25.6

Information......................................... 1,136 1,220 1,232 1,237 39.4 40.2 40.5 40.7

Financial activities................................ 4,941 4,998 4,994 5,004 56.0 55.7 55.7 55.8

Professional and business services............ 10,012 10,310 10,320 10,330 46.3 46.0 46.0 45.9

Education and health services.................. 18,378 18,930 19,017 19,079 77.2 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,805 8,334 8,376 8,414 53.0 52.9 52.8 53.0

Other services..................................... 2,931 3,037 3,040 3,046 52.9 53.2 53.1 53.1

Government............................................. 12,774 12,976 12,981 13,006 57.8 58.1 58.2 58.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Total private............................................................................... 102,682 106,280 106,500 106,667

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,626 15,197 15,238 15,267

Mining and logging.................................................................. 431 473 472 470

Construction.......................................................................... 5,502 5,691 5,703 5,713

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,693 9,033 9,063 9,084

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,344 5,543 5,562 5,576

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,349 3,490 3,501 3,508

Private service-providing.............................................................. 88,056 91,083 91,262 91,400

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,648 24,304 24,303 24,311

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,543.8 4,683.1 4,691.0 4,704.8

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,263.5 13,496.4 13,487.6 13,478.7

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,411.2 5,690.1 5,690.0 5,692.0

Utilities.............................................................................. 429.1 434.7 434.5 435.7

Information............................................................................ 2,291 2,417 2,422 2,420

Financial activities................................................................... 6,639 6,749 6,755 6,762

Professional and business services............................................... 17,506 17,899 17,900 17,886

Education and health services..................................................... 20,781 21,354 21,428 21,480

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,669 13,713 13,787 13,870

Other services........................................................................ 4,522 4,647 4,667 4,671

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.2 33.9 34.0 34.0

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.8 40.6 40.7 40.8

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.7 47.3 48.1 48.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.3 41.0 41.1 41.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.3 41.5 41.6

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 40.4 40.5 40.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.1 32.8 32.9 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 33.9 34.0 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.2 39.0 39.0 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 30.2 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 37.9 37.9 37.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.4 42.0 42.6

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.2 36.1 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.3 37.2 37.2

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.3 36.6 36.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.5 24.6 24.5

Other services..................................................................... 31.4 31.2 31.2 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Total private............................................... $26.42 $27.67 $27.77 $27.86 $903.56 $938.01 $944.18 $947.24

Goods-producing....................................... 26.88 28.15 28.29 28.41 1,096.70 1,142.89 1,151.40 1,159.13

Mining and logging.................................. 31.30 33.14 33.09 33.15 1,461.71 1,567.52 1,591.63 1,591.20

Construction.......................................... 30.95 32.63 32.83 32.99 1,222.53 1,288.89 1,296.79 1,309.70

Manufacturing........................................ 24.17 25.12 25.25 25.35 998.22 1,029.92 1,037.78 1,041.89

Durable goods.................................... 25.19 26.27 26.40 26.52 1,037.83 1,084.95 1,095.60 1,103.23

Nondurable goods................................ 22.55 23.26 23.38 23.44 933.57 939.70 946.89 946.98

Private service-providing.............................. 26.32 27.57 27.66 27.75 871.19 904.30 910.01 912.98

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.85 24.07 24.17 24.26 786.04 815.97 821.78 822.41

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.20 29.37 29.55 29.71 1,105.44 1,145.43 1,152.45 1,152.75

Retail trade........................................ 18.92 19.63 19.67 19.76 582.74 592.83 596.00 598.73

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.49 26.42 26.60 26.58 942.87 1,001.32 1,008.14 1,007.38

Utilities............................................. 40.22 42.20 42.34 42.80 1,697.28 1,789.28 1,778.28 1,823.28

Information........................................... 36.91 38.36 38.90 38.93 1,339.83 1,388.63 1,404.29 1,409.27

Financial activities................................... 30.73 32.44 32.53 32.57 1,149.30 1,210.01 1,210.12 1,211.60

Professional and business services.............. 31.29 32.68 32.76 32.90 1,135.83 1,186.28 1,199.02 1,200.85

Education and health services..................... 27.79 29.09 29.13 29.23 905.95 948.33 949.64 952.90

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.90 17.93 17.99 18.10 422.50 439.29 442.55 443.45

Other services....................................... 24.07 24.62 24.77 24.81 755.80 768.14 772.82 776.55

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2022 -

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022p

Oct.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2022 -

Oct.

2022p

Total private..................................... 117.0 120.1 120.7 120.9 0.2 206.6 222.0 224.0 225.0 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 91.2 94.3 94.8 95.2 0.4 150.1 162.5 164.2 165.6 0.9

Mining and logging........................ 107.0 118.9 120.6 119.9 -0.6 194.7 229.1 232.2 231.1 -0.5

Construction................................ 108.8 112.6 112.8 113.6 0.7 181.9 198.3 200.0 202.3 1.2

Manufacturing.............................. 82.4 85.0 85.5 85.7 0.2 130.3 139.7 141.2 142.1 0.6

Durable goods........................... 82.7 86.0 86.7 87.1 0.5 130.1 141.0 142.9 144.3 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 81.7 83.1 83.5 83.5 0.0 130.2 136.5 138.0 138.3 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 124.2 127.3 127.9 128.1 0.2 224.2 240.7 242.7 243.9 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 113.8 115.2 115.6 115.3 -0.3 185.8 198.2 199.6 199.8 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 105.7 108.4 108.6 108.3 -0.3 176.0 187.9 189.4 190.0 0.3

Retail trade.............................. 103.4 103.1 103.4 103.4 0.0 167.6 173.5 174.3 175.0 0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 157.7 163.2 163.2 163.3 0.1 245.8 274.5 276.3 276.2 0.0

Utilities.................................... 92.6 94.3 93.3 94.9 1.7 155.5 166.0 164.9 169.6 2.9

Information................................. 94.9 99.9 99.8 100.0 0.2 173.4 189.6 192.2 192.7 0.3

Financial activities......................... 116.9 118.5 118.3 118.4 0.1 220.9 236.5 236.7 237.2 0.2

Professional and business services..... 142.1 145.3 146.5 146.0 -0.3 264.4 282.3 285.4 285.6 0.1

Education and health services........... 144.4 148.4 148.9 149.3 0.3 264.9 285.0 286.4 288.0 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 116.0 123.1 124.2 124.5 0.2 222.7 250.6 253.8 255.9 0.8

Other services............................. 99.6 101.7 102.1 102.5 0.4 174.6 182.4 184.3 185.4 0.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.