1

Technical information: (202) 691-6378

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 06-1454

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Thursday, August 17, 2006

 (Footnote 2 in table 7 was revised on Friday, September 15, 2006.)

WORKER DISPLACEMENT, 2003–2005

During the January 2003 through December 2005 period, 3.8 million workers were displaced from jobs

they had held for at least 3 years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported

today. The number of displaced workers decreased from 5.3 million in the previous survey that covered the

period from January 2001 through December 2003.

Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on workers who were displaced from their jobs. These surveys have

been conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of

households that is the primary source of information on the nation’s labor force.

Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who lost or left jobs because their

plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was

abolished. The period covered in this study was 2003–05, the 3 calendar years prior to the January 2006

survey date. The following analysis focuses primarily on the 3.8 million persons who had worked for their

employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured). An additional 4.3

million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured).

Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 8.1 million from

2003–05, down from 11.4 million during the period covered by the prior survey (2001–03).

Results from the January 2006 survey included the following highlights:

• About 70 percent of the long-tenured displaced were reemployed at the time of the survey.

• Just under half of long-tenured displaced workers cited plant or company closings or moves as the

reason for their displacement.

• Forty-five percent of displaced workers who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years had

received written advance notification that their jobs would be terminated. Those who had received

advance notice, however, were no more likely to be reemployed in January 2006 than were those who

had not been notified.

• About 28 percent of long-tenured displaced workers lost jobs in manufacturing.
2

• About half of the long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary jobs and

who were reemployed in such jobs had earnings that were as much or more than those on the lost job.

Twenty-nine percent experienced earnings losses of 20 percent or more.

Characteristics of the Reemployed

About 70 percent of the 3.8 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed when surveyed in

January 2006. The proportion unemployed at the time of the survey was 13 percent. The remaining 17 percent of long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force. (See table 1.)

In January 2006, reemployment rates for workers ages 20 to 24 and those in the central-age group (ages

25 to 54) were 66 and 75 percent, respectively. Reemployment rates were slightly lower for older workers

ages 55 to 64 (61 percent). Among those age 65 years and older, by contrast, only 25 percent were reemployed; 64 percent of that group were no longer in the labor force when surveyed.

In January 2006, 74 percent of men who were displaced from their jobs were reemployed, compared

with 66 percent of women. Displaced men and women had about an equal likelihood of being unemployed,

but the share of displaced women who had left the labor force, at about 21 percent, was higher than that for

men—13 percent.

In January 2006, reemployment rates for whites (70 percent), blacks (71 percent), and Asians (72 percent) were similar, while the rate for Hispanics was lower (60 percent).

Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice

Of those long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2003 through December 2005 period, 49 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company closings or moves, 29 percent reported that their position

or shift was abolished, and 22 percent cited insufficient work as the reason for being displaced. (See table 2.)

The proportion of displaced workers reporting plant closings or moves was up slightly from the prior survey,

and the share citing insufficient work was down.

More than 4 in 10 long-tenured displaced workers received written advance notice that their jobs would

be terminated, similar to the proportion in prior surveys. In January 2006, those workers who lost jobs due

to plant or company closings or moves and shift abolishment were most likely to have received written advance notice of their impending job loss, at 53 and 48 percent, respectively. In comparison, only 25 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient work were notified in advance. Regardless of the reason for

displacement, receipt of written advance notice appears to have had little impact on the likelihood of being

reemployed in January 2006. Reemployment rates were little different for those who did and those who did

not receive advance notice—69 and 71 percent, respectively. (See table 3.)

Industry and Occupation

As in prior surveys, manufacturing accounted for a disproportionately large share of displaced workers.

During the 2003–05 period, 1.1 million factory workers were displaced from their jobs—28 percent of all

long-tenured displaced workers. Manufacturing displacements were again concentrated within the durable

goods component (688,000), particularly in computers and electronic products, primary metals and fabricated metal products, and transportation equipment. (See table 4.)

Displacements in wholesale and retail trade (508,000) accounted for 13 percent of all long-tenured workers displaced during the 2003–05 period. Long-tenured displaced workers in professional and business services (406,000) made up 11 percent of the total.
3

The reemployment rate for displaced manufacturing workers was 65 percent, lower than the overall

reemployment rate for displaced workers (70 percent). (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the

same industries from which they were displaced.) Reemployment rates for workers displaced from jobs in

the transportation and utilities industry and in the financial activities industry (77 percent each) were above

average.

In the January 2006 survey, persons displaced from managerial, professional, and related occupations

accounted for 34 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. Sales and office occupations accounted

for about one-quarter of the long-tenured worker displacements. Workers in production, transportation,

and material moving jobs made up about one-fifth of the long-tenured displaced; workers in these occupations tend to be employed in the manufacturing industry. (See table 5.)

Among the major occupational groups, the reemployment rate was highest for workers displaced from

management, professional, and related occupations (74 percent) and lowest for those displaced from production, transportation, and material moving occupations (63 percent).

Geographic Divisions

The number of long-tenured workers displaced in each geographic division in the United States was

lower during the 2003–05 period than compared to the prior survey. The distribution of displacement

among the divisions, however, was about the same as in the prior survey. In January 2006, those residing

in the South Atlantic and Pacific divisions had the highest reemployment rates; about three-quarters of the

displaced in each of these divisions were reemployed at the time of the survey. (See table 6.)

Earnings

Of the 2.4 million reemployed displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs during the

2003–05 period, 2.0 million were working in such jobs in January 2006. Of these reemployed full-time

workers who reported earnings on their lost job, 51 percent were earning as much or more in their new

jobs as they had earned on the job they lost. This was higher than the proportion recorded in the January

2004 survey (43 percent). In January 2006, 29 percent reported earnings losses of 20 percent or more.

(See table 7.)

Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)

The total number of workers displaced during the 2003–05 period (regardless of how long they had

held their jobs) was about 8.1 million; the number of such workers during the 2001–2003 period was

11.4 million. About two-thirds of the total displaced during the most recent period had found new jobs

when surveyed in January 2006, while 16 percent were unemployed, and 16 percent were not in the labor

force. (See table 8.)

Compared with long-tenured displaced workers, the short-tenured were more likely to be young and to

have lost jobs in construction, in leisure and hospitality, and in professional and business services.
Technical Note

The data presented in this release were collected through a

supplement to the January 2006 Current Population Survey

(CPS), the monthly survey of about 60,000 households that

provides the basic data on employment and unemployment for

the nation. The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau

for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this

supplement was to obtain information on the number and

characteristics of persons who had been displaced (as defined

below) from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years.

Data presented in this release are based on Census 2000

population controls. This was the same basis as the January

2004 survey. Previously published estimates of displaced

workers from the February 2000 and January 2002 surveys were

based on population controls from the 1990 census. The

estimates from these earlier surveys have been recalculated

using the new Census 2000-based population controls. The

revised population controls raised the overall number of

displaced workers in each survey, but had little or no impact on

rates.

Revised versions of the news release tables for the February

2000 and January 2002 displaced worker surveys were made

available on the BLS Web site.

For a discussion of the revised population controls and the

impact that their introduction had on the basic CPS data, see

“Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in

January 2003” in the February 2003 issue of Employment and

Earnings and available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf

on the BLS Web site. Also see Adjustments to Household

Survey Population Estimates articles in the February 2004 and

2005 issues of Employment and Earnings. Both articles are

available on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/cps/

cps04adj.pdf and http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps05adj.pdf.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and

nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies

depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is

about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an

estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6

standard errors from the “true” population value because of

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain

information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information,

and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS

and information on estimating standard errors, see the

“Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error” section of

Employment and Earnings.

Concepts

The first question asked of survey respondents to the CPS

Supplement was, “During the last 3 calendar years, that is,

January 2003 through December 2005, did (you/name) lose a job

or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed

or moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, there

was insufficient work, or another similar reason?” If the answer

to that question was “yes,” then the respondent was asked to

identify which reason, among the following, best described the

reason for the job loss:

Plant or company closed down or moved

Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:

Insufficient work

Position or shift abolished

Seasonal job completed

Self-operated business failed

Some other reason

Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons—

plant or company closed or moved, insufficient work, or

position or shift abolished—were then asked questions about

the lost job, including how many years it had been held; the year

the job was lost; its earnings, industry, and occupation; and

whether health insurance had been provided. Other questions

were asked to determine what transpired before and after the job

loss, such as: Was the respondent notified of the upcoming

dismissal? How long did he/she go without work? Did he/she

receive unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits

used up? Did the person move to another location after the job

loss to take or look for another job? Information also was

collected about current health insurance coverage (other than

Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those

employed in January 2006.
Table 1. Displaced workers 1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in

January 2006

Age, sex, race, and Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity

Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 3,815 100.0 69.9 13.4 16.7

20 to 24 years ............................................. 111 100.0 66.4 21.4 12.2

25 to 54 years ............................................. 2,841 100.0 74.5 13.4 12.0

55 to 64 years ............................................. 728 100.0 60.6 12.3 27.0

65 years and over ....................................... 135 100.0 25.4 10.8 63.8

Men

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 2,076 100.0 73.5 13.6 12.9

20 to 24 years ............................................. 67 100.0 77.4 21.4 1.2

25 to 54 years ............................................. 1,552 100.0 78.6 12.8 8.5

55 to 64 years ............................................. 378 100.0 61.5 14.5 24.0

65 years and over ....................................... 80 100.0 27.5 18.3 54.2

Women

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 1,739 100.0 65.6 13.1 21.3

20 to 24 years ............................................. 44 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................. 1,289 100.0 69.6 14.2 16.2

55 to 64 years ............................................. 350 100.0 59.7 10.0 30.3

65 years and over ....................................... 55 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

White

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 3,169 100.0 70.0 13.2 16.8

Men ............................................................. 1,784 100.0 74.1 13.1 12.8

Women ....................................................... 1,386 100.0 64.8 13.3 22.0

Black or African American

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 452 100.0 71.2 13.4 15.4

Men ............................................................. 181 100.0 72.1 16.3 11.6

Women ....................................................... 271 100.0 70.7 11.5 17.9

Asian

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 113 100.0 72.0 12.3 15.7

Men ............................................................. 65 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women ....................................................... 48 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 416 100.0 60.2 22.9 16.9

Men ............................................................. 230 100.0 63.5 25.0 11.5

Women ....................................................... 187 100.0 56.2 20.3 23.5

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job

they had lost or left between January 2003 and December 2005

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the

abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified

as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified

by ethnicity as well as by race.
Table 2. Displaced workers 1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss, January 2006

Age, sex, race, and Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity

Total

(thousands)

 Percent distribution by reason for job loss

Total

Plant or

company closed

down or moved

Insufficient work Position or shift

abolished

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 3,815 100.0 49.0 22.2 28.8

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 111 100.0 39.1 42.8 18.1

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 2,841 100.0 48.5 22.6 28.9

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 728 100.0 53.2 16.5 30.2

65 years and over ......................................................... 135 100.0 44.1 28.8 27.1

Men

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 2,076 100.0 48.8 24.8 26.5

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 67 100.0 29.7 61.6 8.7

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 1,552 100.0 48.2 24.5 27.3

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 378 100.0 53.9 17.5 28.6

65 years and over ......................................................... 80 100.0 51.9 32.9 15.2

Women

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 1,739 100.0 49.2 19.2 31.6

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 44 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 1,289 100.0 48.9 20.3 30.8

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 350 100.0 52.5 15.5 32.0

65 years and over ......................................................... 55 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

White

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 3,169 100.0 49.5 22.1 28.4

Men ............................................................................... 1,784 100.0 49.6 23.9 26.6

Women ......................................................................... 1,386 100.0 49.5 19.8 30.7

Black or African American

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 452 100.0 42.5 19.7 37.8

Men ............................................................................... 181 100.0 37.3 29.2 33.5

Women ......................................................................... 271 100.0 45.9 13.4 40.7

Asian

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 113 100.0 52.3 25.9 21.8

Men ............................................................................... 65 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women ......................................................................... 48 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 416 100.0 59.6 26.1 14.3

Men ............................................................................... 230 100.0 63.0 29.9 7.2

Women ......................................................................... 187 100.0 55.5 21.4 23.1

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they

had lost or left between January 2003 and December 2005 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for

all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or

Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as

by race.
Table 3. Displaced workers 1 by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment

status in January 2006

Characteristic Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 3,815 100.0 69.9 13.4 16.7

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 1,733 100.0 69.1 13.5 17.5

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 2,019 100.0 70.6 12.9 16.5

Plant or company closed down or moved

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 1,869 100.0 70.9 11.7 17.4

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 984 100.0 70.1 12.2 17.8

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 852 100.0 71.6 10.8 17.5

Insufficient work

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 849 100.0 64.7 19.2 16.2

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 216 100.0 53.4 28.8 17.8

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 617 100.0 68.8 15.3 16.0

Position or shift abolished

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 1,098 100.0 72.2 11.8 16.0

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 532 100.0 73.6 9.6 16.7

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 550 100.0 70.9 13.6 15.5

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2003 and December 2005 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts. 2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
Table 4. Displaced workers 1 by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2006

Industry and class of worker of lost job Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

 Total, 20 years and over 2 ................................................................. 3,815 100.0 69.9 13.4 16.7

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers .................. 14 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers .............................. 3,753 100.0 70.2 13.0 16.8

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ................................. 3,551 100.0 70.4 13.2 16.4

 Mining ............................................................................................. 17 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction ................................................................................... 270 100.0 78.7 7.4 13.9

 Manufacturing ................................................................................. 1,085 100.0 64.5 15.3 20.2

 Durable goods manufacturing .................................................. 688 100.0 62.1 15.2 22.7

 Primary metals and fabricated metal products ...................... 137 100.0 61.3 22.5 16.2

 Machinery manufacturing ...................................................... 96 100.0 68.5 10.5 21.0

 Computers and electronic products ....................................... 145 100.0 77.2 4.4 18.4

 Electrical equipment and appliances ..................................... 47 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Transportation equipment ...................................................... 130 100.0 51.9 18.7 29.4

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................................ 69 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Other durable goods industries ............................................. 65 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Nondurable goods manufacturing ............................................ 397 100.0 68.6 15.5 16.0

 Food manufacturing ............................................................... 69 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Textiles, apparel, and leather ................................................ 135 100.0 62.7 18.8 18.5

 Paper and printing ................................................................. 70 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Other nondurable goods industries ....................................... 123 100.0 68.0 15.8 16.2

 Wholesale and retail trade .............................................................. 508 100.0 68.8 14.1 17.1

 Wholesale trade ......................................................................... 146 100.0 75.8 11.5 12.7

 Retail trade ................................................................................ 362 100.0 66.0 15.1 18.9

 Transportation and utilities 4 ........................................................... 189 100.0 77.1 18.7 4.2

 Transportation and warehousing ............................................... 157 100.0 77.8 17.2 5.0

 Information 4 ................................................................................... 164 100.0 75.9 8.2 15.9

 Telecommunications .................................................................. 92 100.0 77.7 7.7 14.6

 Financial activities .......................................................................... 368 100.0 77.0 12.9 10.1

 Finance and insurance .............................................................. 293 100.0 75.7 11.8 12.5

 Finance .................................................................................. 188 100.0 80.4 13.6 6.0

 Insurance ............................................................................... 105 100.0 67.3 8.6 24.1

 Real estate and rental and leasing ............................................ 75 100.0 82.1 17.1 0.9

 Professional and business services ............................................... 406 100.0 71.5 14.8 13.7

 Professional and technical services .......................................... 251 100.0 80.7 11.8 7.5

 Management, administrative, and waste services ..................... 155 100.0 56.6 19.5 23.9

 Education and health services ........................................................ 264 100.0 72.3 8.2 19.5

 Educational services .................................................................. 39 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Health care and social assistance 4 .......................................... 224 100.0 72.0 9.6 18.4

 Hospitals ................................................................................ 60 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Health services, except hospitals .......................................... 129 100.0 74.9 4.1 21.1

 Leisure and hospitality 4 ................................................................. 174 100.0 71.6 11.3 17.0

 Accommodation and food services 4 ......................................... 130 100.0 66.3 12.8 21.0

 Food services and drinking places ........................................ 104 100.0 64.7 14.7 20.6

 Other services ................................................................................ 107 100.0 65.5 12.8 21.8

 Government workers ............................................................................ 202 100.0 66.5 9.4 24.1

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2003 and December 2005 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts.

2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who

did not report industry or class of worker. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 5. Displaced workers 1 by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2006

Occupation of lost job Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

 Total, 20 years and over 2 ................................................... 3,815 100.0 69.9 13.4 16.7

 Management, professional, and related occupations .............. 1,307 100.0 74.1 11.9 14.0

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations ........................................................................ 709 100.0 71.8 13.6 14.6

 Professional and related occupations .................................... 598 100.0 76.8 9.9 13.2

 Service occupations ................................................................ 339 100.0 66.5 14.0 19.6

 Sales and office occupations ................................................... 949 100.0 70.2 11.3 18.6

 Sales and related occupations .............................................. 360 100.0 73.9 13.6 12.6

 Office and administrative support occupations

............................................................................................ 589 100.0 67.9 9.9 22.2

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations ........................................................................ 421 100.0 72.2 13.0 14.8

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................ 5 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction and extraction occupations ............................... 240 100.0 70.2 13.7 16.0

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

............................................................................................ 176 100.0 76.9 11.2 11.9

 Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations ........................................................................ 765 100.0 63.3 17.6 19.2

 Production occupations ......................................................... 524 100.0 59.4 18.8 21.8

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................. 241 100.0 71.7 14.8 13.4

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they

had lost or left between January 2003 and December 2005 because of plant

or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Table 6. Displaced workers 1 by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2006

(In thousands)

Characteristic Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Mountain Pacific

Workers who lost jobs

 Total, 20 years and over ........................... 3,815 237 431 736 263 658 263 352 248 627

Men ............................................................... 2,076 123 240 411 148 350 120 196 142 346

Women ......................................................... 1,739 114 191 325 115 308 143 156 106 281

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved ..... 1,869 117 197 318 145 341 156 180 105 310

Insufficient work ............................................ 849 71 122 180 35 112 55 66 57 151

Position or shift abolished ............................. 1,098 49 112 239 83 204 52 106 86 166

Industry and class of worker of lost job 2

Agriculture and related industries wage and

 salary workers ....................................... 14 – 3 – – – 3 – – 8

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary

 workers .................................................. 3,753 234 417 734 263 652 258 348 245 602

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary

workers ................................................... 3,551 228 408 681 253 614 245 329 226 568

 Mining ................................................... 17 – – 7 – 2 2 – 2 3

 Construction ......................................... 270 6 17 46 23 60 17 33 26 41

 Manufacturing ....................................... 1,085 67 131 245 70 145 111 111 44 161

 Durable goods ................................. 688 37 74 186 50 73 63 62 30 114

 Nondurable goods ........................... 397 31 57 58 20 72 48 49 14 48

 Wholesale and retail trade .................... 508 35 78 95 39 72 25 43 37 84

 Transportation and utilities ................... 189 2 23 35 12 50 17 12 9 29

 Information ............................................ 164 7 13 35 15 26 12 2 22 32

 Financial activities ................................ 368 30 53 68 31 55 8 39 23 61

 Professional and business services ..... 406 45 36 70 23 85 18 40 28 60

 Education and health services .............. 264 23 33 44 13 51 10 33 7 51

 Leisure and hospitality .......................... 174 9 16 37 15 43 17 8 11 18

 Other services ...................................... 107 3 7 – 13 26 8 7 16 27

 Government workers .................................. 202 6 10 53 10 38 14 20 19 34

Employment status

in January 2006

Employed ...................................................... 2,667 159 258 498 188 512 163 250 175 464

Unemployed ................................................. 510 41 80 124 30 64 49 26 25 71

Not in the labor force .................................... 638 36 94 114 46 82 51 76 48 92

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2003 and December 2005 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions

or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did

not report industry or class of worker.

 NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,

and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and

Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,

Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the

West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose

the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee

compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and

Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,

Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain

Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific

Division. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 7. Displaced workers 1 who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2006 by industry of

lost job and characteristics of new job

(In thousands)

Industry and class of worker of lost job

Reemployed in January 2006

Total

Wage and salary workers

Selfemployed

and

unpaid

family

workers

Part

time

Full time

Total 2

Earnings relative to those of lost job

20 percent

or more

below

Below, but

within 20

percent

Equal or

above, but

within 20

percent

20 percent

or more

above

 Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs 3 ........ 2,430 241 1,990 488 345 557 307 199

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary

 workers .................................................................. 6 2 4 – – – 3 –

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers .... 2,412 231 1,984 488 344 557 304 196

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ....... 2,296 212 1,901 470 321 536 290 183

 Mining ................................................................... 9 – 9 3 – – 1 –

 Construction ......................................................... 200 14 173 54 20 52 30 13

 Manufacturing ....................................................... 678 61 575 166 96 149 72 43

 Durable goods ................................................. 422 43 350 119 57 70 47 29

 Nondurable goods ........................................... 256 18 224 47 40 80 25 14

 Wholesale and retail trade .................................... 319 27 264 53 44 72 50 28

 Transportation and utilities ................................... 128 8 106 25 27 30 21 15

 Information ............................................................ 122 11 98 35 13 37 6 14

 Financial activities ................................................ 275 16 233 46 50 63 41 25

 Professional and business services ..................... 262 20 218 41 46 65 30 24

 Education and health services .............................. 150 24 116 29 15 36 21 10

 Leisure and hospitality .......................................... 89 24 58 6 3 12 13 7

 Other services ...................................................... 64 7 50 13 6 18 5 6

 Government workers .................................................. 115 19 83 18 23 21 14 13

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2003 and December 2005 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts.

2 Includes about 293,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job. 3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.

 NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Total displaced workers 1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2006

Characteristic Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Workers who lost jobs

 Total, 20 years and over ....................................................... 8,149 100.0 68.4 15.8 15.8

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 865 100.0 63.8 19.7 16.5

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 5,953 100.0 72.3 15.5 12.2

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 1,091 100.0 58.8 15.1 26.1

65 years and over ..................................................................... 241 100.0 31.1 13.1 55.8

 Men ....................................................................................... 4,540 100.0 72.3 15.6 12.1

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 510 100.0 67.6 21.5 10.8

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 3,319 100.0 76.8 14.3 8.9

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 568 100.0 59.9 17.7 22.4

65 years and over ..................................................................... 143 100.0 34.6 16.0 49.4

 Women ................................................................................. 3,608 100.0 63.4 16.1 20.5

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 354 100.0 58.3 17.0 24.7

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 2,633 100.0 66.7 17.0 16.3

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 523 100.0 57.7 12.2 30.2

65 years and over ..................................................................... 98 100.0 26.0 8.8 65.2

White ........................................................................................ 6,557 100.0 69.7 14.8 15.5

Black or African American ........................................................ 1,108 100.0 61.0 21.7 17.4

Asian ......................................................................................... 258 100.0 69.0 16.2 14.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ....................................................... 1,121 100.0 65.6 20.7 13.6

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved ................................. 3,543 100.0 69.8 14.5 15.7

Insufficient work ........................................................................ 2,607 100.0 64.4 19.8 15.8

Position or shift abolished ......................................................... 1,999 100.0 71.1 12.8 16.0

Occupation of lost job 2

 Management, professional, and related occupations .............. 2,237 100.0 75.3 11.7 13.0

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations ........................................................................ 1,085 100.0 74.0 14.0 12.0

 Professional and related occupations .................................... 1,152 100.0 76.5 9.6 13.9

 Service occupations ................................................................ 1,024 100.0 64.8 15.0 20.2

 Sales and office occupations ................................................... 2,042 100.0 66.3 15.8 17.9

 Sales and related occupations .............................................. 819 100.0 70.6 15.7 13.7

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 1,223 100.0 63.4 15.8 20.8

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations ........................................................................ 1,029 100.0 69.5 19.0 11.6

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................ 31 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction and extraction occupations ............................... 674 100.0 66.7 20.8 12.6

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 325 100.0 76.9 14.5 8.6

 Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations ........................................................................ 1,597 100.0 64.1 18.7 17.2

 Production occupations ......................................................... 1,028 100.0 65.1 18.2 16.7

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................. 569 100.0 62.3 19.7 18.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Total displaced workers 1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2006 —

Continued

Characteristic Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Industry and class of worker of lost job 2

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers .... 39 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers ................ 7,835 100.0 68.6 15.4 16.0

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ................... 7,466 100.0 68.5 15.7 15.8

 Mining ............................................................................... 34 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction ..................................................................... 804 100.0 69.9 17.6 12.6

 Manufacturing ................................................................... 1,822 100.0 66.3 16.2 17.5

 Durable goods ............................................................. 1,144 100.0 67.0 14.0 18.9

 Nondurable goods ....................................................... 678 100.0 65.1 19.7 15.2

 Wholesale and retail trade ................................................ 1,172 100.0 64.3 17.7 18.0

 Transportation and utilities ............................................... 333 100.0 77.2 15.8 7.0

 Information ........................................................................ 304 100.0 74.9 9.1 16.1

 Financial activities ............................................................ 595 100.0 76.3 11.8 11.9

 Professional and business services ................................. 938 100.0 68.8 16.5 14.7

 Education and health services .......................................... 607 100.0 69.8 11.6 18.6

 Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 597 100.0 67.4 16.8 15.8

 Other services .................................................................. 258 100.0 60.3 19.4 20.3

 Government workers .............................................................. 370 100.0 71.0 9.0 20.0

1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job)

who had lost or left a job between January 2003 and December 2005

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the

abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and

persons who did not report occupation, industry, or class of worker.

3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified

as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified

by ethnicity as well as by race.