For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, December 5, 2023 USDL-23-2528

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2023

The number of job openings decreased to 8.7 million on the last business day of October, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations

changed little at 5.9 million and 5.6 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.6 million) and 

layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and 

rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of October, the number of job openings decreased to 8.7 million (-617,000).

The job openings rate, at 5.3 percent, decreased by 0.3 percentage point over the month and 1.1 points 

over the year. Over the month, job openings decreased in health care and social assistance (-236,000), 

finance and insurance (-168,000), and real estate and rental and leasing (-49,000). Job openings 

increased in information (+39,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In October, the number and rate of hires changed little at 5.9 million and 3.7 percent, respectively. The 

number of hires decreased in accommodation and food services (-110,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ 

willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the 

employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to 

other locations of the same firm.

 4.4

 4.8

 5.2

 5.6

 6.0

 6.4

 6.8

 7.2

 7.6

Oct-21 Apr-22 Oct-22 Apr-23 Oct-23

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

October 2021 - October 2023

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

Oct-21 Apr-22 Oct-22 Apr-23 Oct-23

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

October 2021 - October 2023
- 2 -

The number of total separations in October changed little at 5.6 million, and the rate was unchanged at 

3.6 percent for the fifth consecutive month. Over the month, the number of total separations increased in 

professional and business services (+121,000). (See table 3.)

In October, the number of quits changed little at 3.6 million, and the rate was 2.3 percent for the fourth

consecutive month. The number of quits increased in professional and business services (+97,000). 

(See table 4.)

In October, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.6 million, and the rate was 

unchanged at 1.0 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges changed little in all industries. (See 

table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little in October at 377,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In October, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates changed little for establishments with 1 to 

9 employees. The quits rate and total separations rate decreased for establishments with 5,000 or more

employees. (See table 7.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, January 3, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 10,471 9,350 8,733 6,164 5,904 5,886 5,846 5,595 5,646

Total private....................................... 9,519 8,381 7,746 5,777 5,536 5,514 5,488 5,288 5,344

Mining and logging............................. 41 35 27 21 22 24 18 21 25

Construction.................................... 398 427 423 351 309 375 325 312 346

Manufacturing.................................. 735 601 587 442 390 372 397 382 369

Durable goods............................... 476 357 365 233 214 205 204 207 208

Nondurable goods........................... 258 243 222 209 176 167 192 175 161

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,591 1,333 1,238 1,244 1,216 1,149 1,220 1,181 1,146

Wholesale trade............................. 281 233 207 167 161 159 151 154 141

Retail trade................................... 818 645 543 722 750 674 742 731 680

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 491 455 488 355 305 316 327 296 325

Information...................................... 230 133 172 99 74 57 94 81 68

Financial activities.............................. 603 616 399 218 202 208 222 204 213

Finance and insurance..................... 413 441 273 142 125 134 142 127 142

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 190 175 126 77 77 74 79 77 71

Professional and business services......... 1,890 1,658 1,751 1,168 1,095 1,189 1,125 1,067 1,188

Education and health services............... 2,151 1,906 1,668 823 863 901 749 766 809

Educational services........................ 160 177 175 98 96 101 102 91 94

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,991 1,729 1,493 724 767 800 647 675 715

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,612 1,359 1,223 1,191 1,148 1,043 1,123 1,080 997

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 197 190 178 135 155 160 133 167 135

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,415 1,168 1,044 1,056 993 883 990 914 862

Other services.................................. 268 313 261 221 217 197 216 194 184

Government....................................... 952 970 987 387 368 372 358 306 303

Federal.......................................... 127 162 176 43 44 40 37 41 35

State and local................................. 824 808 811 344 324 332 321 266 268

State and local education.................. 295 307 284 176 170 174 166 136 136

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 530 501 526 167 154 157 156 129 131

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 6.4 5.6 5.3 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.6

Total private....................................... 6.7 5.9 5.5 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.0

Mining and logging............................. 6.2 5.2 4.0 3.4 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.3 3.8

Construction.................................... 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.5 3.9 4.7 4.2 3.9 4.3

Manufacturing.................................. 5.4 4.4 4.3 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.8

Durable goods............................... 5.6 4.2 4.3 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6

Nondurable goods........................... 5.0 4.8 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.4 3.9 3.6 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.2 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0

Wholesale trade............................. 4.5 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3

Retail trade................................... 5.0 4.0 3.4 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 6.3 5.9 6.3 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.5

Information...................................... 6.9 4.1 5.3 3.2 2.4 1.8 3.0 2.6 2.2

Financial activities.............................. 6.2 6.3 4.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 5.8 6.2 3.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 7.4 6.7 4.9 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.9

Professional and business services......... 7.7 6.7 7.1 5.1 4.8 5.2 4.9 4.6 5.2

Education and health services............... 8.0 6.9 6.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.1

Educational services........................ 4.0 4.3 4.2 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 8.7 7.4 6.4 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................ 9.1 7.5 6.8 7.4 6.9 6.2 7.0 6.5 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 7.7 7.1 6.6 5.7 6.2 6.4 5.6 6.7 5.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 9.3 7.6 6.8 7.7 7.0 6.2 7.2 6.4 6.1

Other services.................................. 4.5 5.1 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Government....................................... 4.1 4.1 4.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.3

Federal.......................................... 4.2 5.2 5.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2

State and local................................. 4.1 3.9 3.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3

State and local education.................. 2.8 2.8 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 5.5 5.1 5.3 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

• The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

• The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future; 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm. 

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment. 

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again. 
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

Other information 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Total............................................... 10,471 8,920 9,497 9,350 8,733 -617 6.4 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.3 -0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 9,519 7,958 8,433 8,381 7,746 -635 6.7 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.5 -0.4

Mining and logging......................... 41 26 30 35 27 -8 6.2 3.9 4.5 5.2 4.0 -1.2

Construction................................ 398 353 375 427 423 -4 4.8 4.2 4.5 5.1 5.0 -0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 735 544 604 601 587 -14 5.4 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 476 368 378 357 365 8 5.6 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 258 177 226 243 222 -21 5.0 3.5 4.5 4.8 4.4 -0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,591 1,442 1,309 1,333 1,238 -95 5.2 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.1 -0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 281 246 236 233 207 -26 4.5 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Retail trade............................... 818 713 651 645 543 -102 5.0 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.4 -0.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 491 483 421 455 488 33 6.3 6.2 5.5 5.9 6.3 0.4

Information.................................. 230 254 201 133 172 39 6.9 7.6 6.1 4.1 5.3 1.2

Financial activities......................... 603 476 553 616 399 -217 6.2 4.9 5.7 6.3 4.2 -2.1

Finance and insurance................. 413 321 410 441 273 -168 5.8 4.6 5.8 6.2 3.9 -2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 190 154 142 175 126 -49 7.4 6.0 5.5 6.7 4.9 -1.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,890 1,432 1,737 1,658 1,751 93 7.7 5.9 7.0 6.7 7.1 0.4

Education and health services........... 2,151 1,891 1,971 1,906 1,668 -238 8.0 6.9 7.2 6.9 6.1 -0.8

Educational services.................... 160 175 164 177 175 -2 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,991 1,716 1,808 1,729 1,493 -236 8.7 7.4 7.7 7.4 6.4 -1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,612 1,231 1,233 1,359 1,223 -136 9.1 6.9 6.9 7.5 6.8 -0.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 197 156 166 190 178 -12 7.7 6.0 6.3 7.1 6.6 -0.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,415 1,075 1,068 1,168 1,044 -124 9.3 7.1 7.0 7.6 6.8 -0.8

Other services.............................. 268 308 420 313 261 -52 4.5 5.0 6.7 5.1 4.2 -0.9

Government................................... 952 962 1,064 970 987 17 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.1 4.1 0.0

Federal...................................... 127 151 174 162 176 14 4.2 4.9 5.6 5.2 5.6 0.4

State and local............................. 824 812 890 808 811 3 4.1 4.0 4.3 3.9 3.9 0.0

State and local education.............. 295 219 330 307 284 -23 2.8 2.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 -0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 530 592 560 501 526 25 5.5 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,775 1,490 1,548 1,571 1,519 -52 6.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.1 -0.2

South........................................... 4,038 3,511 3,763 3,804 3,515 -289 6.6 5.7 6.1 6.1 5.7 -0.4

Midwest........................................ 2,129 1,827 2,085 2,002 1,809 -193 6.1 5.2 5.9 5.6 5.1 -0.5

West............................................ 2,528 2,092 2,101 1,973 1,890 -83 6.5 5.4 5.4 5.1 4.8 -0.3

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,164 5,822 5,850 5,904 5,886 -18 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,777 5,464 5,475 5,536 5,514 -22 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 21 28 27 22 24 2 3.4 4.3 4.1 3.4 3.7 0.3

Construction................................ 351 382 372 309 375 66 4.5 4.8 4.6 3.9 4.7 0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 442 405 392 390 372 -18 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 233 214 203 214 205 -9 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 -0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 209 191 189 176 167 -9 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.4 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,244 1,183 1,118 1,216 1,149 -67 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 167 147 146 161 159 -2 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 0.0

Retail trade............................... 722 737 656 750 674 -76 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.8 4.3 -0.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 355 299 317 305 316 11 4.9 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.4 0.2

Information.................................. 99 85 71 74 57 -17 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.4 1.8 -0.6

Financial activities......................... 218 206 212 202 208 6 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 142 127 142 125 134 9 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 77 79 70 77 74 -3 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,168 1,090 1,108 1,095 1,189 94 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.8 5.2 0.4

Education and health services........... 823 865 893 863 901 38 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 0.1

Educational services.................... 98 93 95 96 101 5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 724 772 798 767 800 33 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,191 1,019 1,077 1,148 1,043 -105 7.4 6.1 6.5 6.9 6.2 -0.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 135 152 165 155 160 5 5.7 6.2 6.7 6.2 6.4 0.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,056 867 911 993 883 -110 7.7 6.1 6.4 7.0 6.2 -0.8

Other services.............................. 221 203 206 217 197 -20 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Government................................... 387 357 375 368 372 4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.0

Federal...................................... 43 46 41 44 40 -4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 -0.1

State and local............................. 344 312 334 324 332 8 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.1

State and local education.............. 176 140 175 170 174 4 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 167 171 159 154 157 3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 883 871 933 930 892 -38 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 -0.1

South........................................... 2,548 2,456 2,518 2,515 2,439 -76 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,282 1,188 1,200 1,185 1,248 63 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 0.2

West............................................ 1,451 1,307 1,200 1,274 1,308 34 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.5 0.1

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Total............................................... 5,846 5,638 5,687 5,595 5,646 51 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,488 5,268 5,343 5,288 5,344 56 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

Mining and logging......................... 18 25 26 21 25 4 2.9 3.8 4.0 3.3 3.8 0.5

Construction................................ 325 364 344 312 346 34 4.2 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.3 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 397 415 384 382 369 -13 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 204 211 192 207 208 1 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 192 204 193 175 161 -14 3.9 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,220 1,158 1,119 1,181 1,146 -35 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 151 125 139 154 141 -13 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Retail trade............................... 742 714 655 731 680 -51 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.4 -0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 327 318 325 296 325 29 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.5 0.4

Information.................................. 94 113 68 81 68 -13 3.0 3.7 2.2 2.6 2.2 -0.4

Financial activities......................... 222 181 215 204 213 9 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 142 112 141 127 142 15 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.1 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 79 69 74 77 71 -6 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,125 1,096 1,123 1,067 1,188 121 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.6 5.2 0.6

Education and health services........... 749 759 800 766 809 43 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 0.1

Educational services.................... 102 95 88 91 94 3 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.4 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 647 664 712 675 715 40 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,123 953 1,048 1,080 997 -83 7.0 5.7 6.3 6.5 6.0 -0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 133 144 160 167 135 -32 5.6 5.8 6.5 6.7 5.4 -1.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 990 809 888 914 862 -52 7.2 5.7 6.3 6.4 6.1 -0.3

Other services.............................. 216 205 215 194 184 -10 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Government................................... 358 370 344 306 303 -3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.0

Federal...................................... 37 39 32 41 35 -6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 -0.2

State and local............................. 321 331 312 266 268 2 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.0

State and local education.............. 166 165 165 136 136 0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 156 166 148 129 131 2 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 797 826 752 781 933 152 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.3 0.5

South........................................... 2,500 2,376 2,402 2,366 2,371 5 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Midwest........................................ 1,237 1,191 1,291 1,191 1,104 -87 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.3 -0.3

West............................................ 1,312 1,245 1,241 1,256 1,238 -18 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Total............................................... 4,048 3,619 3,663 3,646 3,628 -18 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,829 3,409 3,455 3,460 3,441 -19 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 13 16 15 12 15 3 2.1 2.4 2.3 1.8 2.3 0.5

Construction................................ 153 182 159 138 173 35 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.7 2.2 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 273 259 230 231 225 -6 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 144 125 107 123 127 4 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 129 134 123 108 98 -10 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.0 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 904 799 759 826 778 -48 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 97 81 97 84 87 3 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.0

Retail trade............................... 595 528 466 554 492 -62 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 212 190 196 188 199 11 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 0.1

Information.................................. 32 57 23 45 37 -8 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.5 1.2 -0.3

Financial activities......................... 142 112 141 133 123 -10 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.3 -0.2

Finance and insurance................. 93 65 94 92 89 -3 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 49 47 47 41 33 -8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.4 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 712 600 617 591 688 97 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.0 0.4

Education and health services........... 583 524 575 550 560 10 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 0.1

Educational services.................... 56 55 52 58 65 7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 527 469 523 492 494 2 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 871 732 812 814 751 -63 5.4 4.4 4.9 4.9 4.5 -0.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 74 90 105 86 78 -8 3.2 3.7 4.2 3.5 3.1 -0.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 796 642 707 729 674 -55 5.8 4.5 5.0 5.1 4.7 -0.4

Other services.............................. 146 129 125 120 92 -28 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.6 -0.4

Government................................... 219 211 208 186 187 1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0

Federal...................................... 16 18 15 18 16 -2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 -0.1

State and local............................. 203 192 193 168 171 3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.1

State and local education.............. 105 115 92 87 84 -3 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 98 78 101 81 88 7 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 522 473 418 489 486 -3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 0.0

South........................................... 1,818 1,617 1,669 1,632 1,612 -20 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 0.0

Midwest........................................ 821 745 802 738 756 18 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 0.1

West............................................ 887 784 774 787 774 -13 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.0

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Total............................................... 1,525 1,681 1,682 1,610 1,642 32 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,451 1,577 1,592 1,542 1,571 29 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 4 7 9 9 7 -2 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Construction................................ 167 178 175 157 163 6 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 102 134 136 131 125 -6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Durable goods........................... 48 73 76 70 68 -2 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 54 60 60 61 57 -4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 276 304 290 290 295 5 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 44 41 33 64 46 -18 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.8 -0.3

Retail trade............................... 127 158 154 136 139 3 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 104 105 103 90 110 20 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.3

Information.................................. 47 46 28 24 18 -6 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.6 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 63 43 48 55 63 8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 39 26 27 24 38 14 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 24 17 21 31 25 -6 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.0 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 360 417 431 401 410 9 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 0.1

Education and health services........... 143 174 183 174 199 25 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1

Educational services.................... 39 34 34 28 26 -2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 103 141 149 146 173 27 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 226 212 217 240 210 -30 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 55 49 52 78 55 -23 2.4 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.2 -0.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 170 163 165 162 155 -7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.0

Other services.............................. 64 62 75 61 81 20 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.4

Government................................... 74 104 90 68 71 3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

Federal...................................... 7 7 6 8 8 0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

State and local............................. 68 96 84 60 63 3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

State and local education.............. 34 28 52 34 42 8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 33 68 32 26 21 -5 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 239 309 265 227 371 144 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.5

South........................................... 595 615 599 632 590 -42 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 343 368 437 389 299 -90 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.9 -0.3

West............................................ 349 388 381 362 382 20 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept.

2023 -

Oct.

2023p

Total............................................... 272 338 342 339 377 38 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 208 282 295 286 332 46 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 1 2 1 1 3 2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3

Construction................................ 5 4 10 16 10 -6 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 22 22 18 20 19 -1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 13 13 8 14 14 0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 9 9 10 6 6 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 40 54 70 65 73 8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 10 3 9 6 8 2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Retail trade............................... 20 28 36 41 49 8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 10 23 26 18 17 -1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

Information.................................. 14 11 17 12 12 0 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.0

Financial activities......................... 16 27 26 16 27 11 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 10 22 20 11 15 4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 6 5 5 5 12 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 53 79 76 76 90 14 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1

Education and health services........... 23 61 42 42 50 8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services.................... 6 7 3 5 3 -2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 17 54 39 37 48 11 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 26 8 19 26 36 10 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 3 5 3 3 2 -1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 24 4 16 23 34 11 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Other services.............................. 6 15 16 13 11 -2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Government................................... 65 56 47 53 45 -8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Federal...................................... 14 13 11 15 12 -3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 -0.1

State and local............................. 51 43 36 38 33 -5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 26 23 21 15 11 -4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 25 20 15 23 22 -1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 36 43 69 65 76 11 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

South........................................... 87 144 133 102 170 68 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Midwest........................................ 73 78 53 64 49 -15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

West............................................ 77 73 87 108 83 -25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept. 2023

-

Oct. 2023p

Oct.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Change

from:

Sept. 2023

-

Oct. 2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 9,519 7,958 8,433 8,381 7,746 -635 6.7 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.5 -0.4

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,761 1,565 1,699 1,930 1,716 -214 7.1 6.9 7.5 8.3 7.5 -0.8

10 to 49 employees............... 2,973 2,292 2,326 2,456 2,131 -325 6.2 5.2 5.4 5.4 4.8 -0.6

50 to 249 employees............. 2,670 2,207 2,400 2,219 2,067 -152 7.1 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.1 -0.3

250 to 999 employees............ 1,203 1,035 1,107 950 1,004 54 6.8 5.6 5.7 5.1 5.1 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 607 562 607 584 589 5 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.1 -0.4

5,000 or more employees........ 305 296 294 242 239 -3 6.9 6.6 6.3 5.3 5.0 -0.3

HIRES

Total private.......................... 5,777 5,464 5,475 5,536 5,514 -22 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

1 to 9 employees.................. 835 838 836 889 902 13 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 0.1

10 to 49 employees............... 1,965 1,649 1,635 1,678 1,652 -26 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 0.0

50 to 249 employees............. 1,755 1,819 1,791 1,808 1,753 -55 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6 0.0

250 to 999 employees............ 775 765 808 752 801 49 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 366 302 323 325 323 -2 4.5 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.5 -0.4

5,000 or more employees........ 81 90 82 84 83 -1 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 -0.1

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,488 5,268 5,343 5,288 5,344 56 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

1 to 9 employees.................. 789 767 763 760 822 62 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.9 0.3

10 to 49 employees............... 1,905 1,780 1,631 1,747 1,593 -154 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 -0.2

50 to 249 employees............. 1,675 1,647 1,711 1,738 1,720 -18 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.5 0.0

250 to 999 employees............ 711 704 842 700 777 77 4.3 4.0 4.6 3.9 4.2 0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 342 301 328 280 376 96 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.3 4.1 0.8

5,000 or more employees........ 65 70 68 64 56 -8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 -0.3

QUITS

Total private........................ 3,829 3,409 3,455 3,460 3,441 -19 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 415 416 465 362 485 123 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.3 0.6

10 to 49 employees............ 1,450 1,213 1,072 1,292 1,057 -235 3.2 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.5 -0.5

50 to 249 employees........... 1,226 1,146 1,197 1,197 1,123 -74 3.5 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 -0.2

250 to 999 employees......... 475 429 506 418 505 87 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.7 0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 221 163 173 154 238 84 2.7 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.6 0.8

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 43 42 43 38 32 -6 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 -0.2

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,451 1,577 1,592 1,542 1,571 29 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 336 294 203 319 248 -71 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.2 -0.3

10 to 49 employees............ 385 481 482 370 437 67 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 400 433 452 472 516 44 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 215 242 304 255 244 -11 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 -0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 100 109 133 108 112 4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 14 18 17 17 14 -3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 208 282 295 286 332 46 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 38 57 95 79 89 10 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0

10 to 49 employees............ 70 85 76 85 99 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 49 68 62 69 81 12 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 21 33 32 28 28 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 21 29 22 18 26 8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 8 10 9 8 10 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 11,004 9,392 9,211 6.6 5.6 5.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 10,097 8,454 8,302 7.1 5.9 5.8

Mining and logging............................................... 42 34 27 6.3 5.0 3.9

Construction....................................................... 411 413 457 4.9 4.8 5.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 753 615 601 5.5 4.5 4.4

Durable goods.................................................. 487 366 375 5.7 4.3 4.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 266 249 227 5.2 4.9 4.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,775 1,417 1,353 5.8 4.7 4.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 297 219 209 4.7 3.5 3.3

Retail trade..................................................... 979 725 649 5.9 4.5 4.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 498 473 495 6.4 6.1 6.4

Information........................................................ 231 131 172 6.9 4.1 5.3

Financial activities................................................ 675 639 456 6.9 6.5 4.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 468 461 312 6.5 6.4 4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 207 178 144 7.9 6.8 5.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,981 1,661 1,927 7.9 6.7 7.6

Education and health services.................................. 2,326 1,902 1,808 8.6 6.9 6.5

Educational services.......................................... 172 172 183 4.1 4.2 4.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 2,154 1,729 1,625 9.4 7.4 6.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,612 1,341 1,223 9.1 7.4 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 195 177 175 7.7 6.6 6.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,417 1,164 1,048 9.3 7.5 6.9

Other services.................................................... 292 301 276 4.8 4.9 4.5

Government.......................................................... 907 938 909 3.9 3.9 3.8

Federal............................................................. 111 150 156 3.7 4.8 5.0

State and local.................................................... 796 789 753 3.9 3.8 3.6

State and local education..................................... 284 285 262 2.6 2.6 2.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 512 504 490 5.3 5.1 5.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,824 1,545 1,593 6.2 5.2 5.3

South................................................................. 4,253 3,832 3,673 6.9 6.2 5.9

Midwest............................................................... 2,247 2,048 1,868 6.4 5.8 5.3

West.................................................................. 2,680 1,968 2,077 6.8 5.0 5.3

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 6,599 5,932 6,252 4.3 3.8 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,243 5,512 5,915 4.7 4.1 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 21 23 23 3.4 3.5 3.6

Construction....................................................... 365 299 393 4.6 3.7 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 447 396 372 3.4 3.0 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 236 217 209 2.9 2.7 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 211 179 164 4.3 3.7 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,527 1,202 1,389 5.3 4.2 4.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 175 171 167 2.9 2.8 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 836 726 765 5.4 4.7 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 516 305 457 7.1 4.2 6.3

Information........................................................ 123 79 69 3.9 2.6 2.2

Financial activities................................................ 237 203 225 2.6 2.2 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 154 127 146 2.3 1.9 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 82 76 79 3.4 3.1 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,238 1,052 1,279 5.4 4.6 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 895 900 968 3.6 3.5 3.7

Educational services.......................................... 105 127 104 2.6 3.2 2.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 790 773 864 3.8 3.6 4.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,172 1,148 1,006 7.3 6.8 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 107 124 118 4.6 4.9 4.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,064 1,024 888 7.7 7.2 6.3

Other services.................................................... 219 211 191 3.8 3.6 3.2

Government.......................................................... 357 420 338 1.6 1.8 1.5

Federal............................................................. 47 46 42 1.6 1.6 1.4

State and local.................................................... 310 374 296 1.6 1.9 1.5

State and local education..................................... 161 235 156 1.5 2.2 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 149 138 140 1.6 1.5 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 917 983 913 3.3 3.5 3.2

South................................................................. 2,757 2,521 2,596 4.8 4.3 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,316 1,151 1,279 4.0 3.4 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,610 1,278 1,465 4.4 3.4 3.9

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 5,848 5,828 5,659 3.8 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,530 5,486 5,386 4.2 4.1 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 19 20 25 3.0 3.1 3.9

Construction....................................................... 359 304 381 4.5 3.7 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 393 387 361 3.0 3.0 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 199 211 202 2.5 2.6 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 195 176 159 4.0 3.6 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,218 1,150 1,122 4.2 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 155 147 140 2.6 2.4 2.3

Retail trade..................................................... 743 734 667 4.8 4.8 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 320 269 315 4.4 3.7 4.3

Information........................................................ 93 80 65 3.0 2.6 2.1

Financial activities................................................ 203 203 203 2.2 2.2 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 124 121 133 1.8 1.8 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 79 82 70 3.3 3.3 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,094 1,056 1,171 4.7 4.6 5.0

Education and health services.................................. 737 760 786 3.0 3.0 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 70 86 69 1.8 2.2 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 667 674 717 3.2 3.1 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,213 1,321 1,094 7.5 7.9 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 172 262 170 7.4 10.4 6.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,041 1,059 924 7.6 7.4 6.5

Other services.................................................... 202 206 177 3.5 3.5 3.0

Government.......................................................... 319 342 273 1.4 1.5 1.2

Federal............................................................. 41 42 39 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................................... 277 300 234 1.4 1.5 1.2

State and local education..................................... 118 122 97 1.1 1.2 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 159 177 138 1.8 1.9 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 784 906 944 2.8 3.2 3.3

South................................................................. 2,482 2,389 2,349 4.3 4.1 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,268 1,255 1,131 3.8 3.8 3.4

West.................................................................. 1,314 1,278 1,234 3.6 3.4 3.3

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 4,111 3,839 3,683 2.7 2.4 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,915 3,640 3,509 3.0 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 14 12 15 2.2 1.9 2.4

Construction....................................................... 161 150 182 2.0 1.8 2.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 272 236 221 2.1 1.8 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 138 130 123 1.7 1.6 1.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 133 106 98 2.7 2.2 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 933 835 796 3.2 2.9 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 101 84 88 1.7 1.4 1.4

Retail trade..................................................... 617 571 511 4.0 3.7 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 215 180 198 2.9 2.5 2.7

Information........................................................ 33 48 36 1.0 1.6 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 141 130 121 1.5 1.4 1.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 88 89 86 1.3 1.3 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 53 41 35 2.2 1.7 1.4

Professional and business services............................ 725 632 719 3.1 2.7 3.1

Education and health services.................................. 608 536 572 2.4 2.1 2.2

Educational services.......................................... 45 57 54 1.1 1.5 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 563 479 518 2.7 2.2 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 885 925 760 5.5 5.5 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 75 112 76 3.2 4.4 3.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 810 813 683 5.9 5.7 4.8

Other services.................................................... 143 136 87 2.5 2.3 1.5

Government.......................................................... 196 199 174 0.9 0.9 0.7

Federal............................................................. 18 19 16 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local.................................................... 178 180 158 0.9 0.9 0.8

State and local education..................................... 79 83 63 0.7 0.8 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 98 97 95 1.1 1.0 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 520 550 487 1.9 2.0 1.7

South................................................................. 1,848 1,654 1,639 3.2 2.8 2.8

Midwest............................................................... 846 793 780 2.6 2.4 2.3

West.................................................................. 897 842 778 2.4 2.3 2.1

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 1,496 1,655 1,617 1.0 1.1 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,427 1,561 1,557 1.1 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 4 7 7 0.7 1.1 1.1

Construction....................................................... 193 135 188 2.4 1.7 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 103 131 123 0.8 1.0 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 49 68 67 0.6 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 54 63 56 1.1 1.3 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 246 245 256 0.9 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 44 56 45 0.7 0.9 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 109 120 111 0.7 0.8 0.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 93 68 101 1.3 0.9 1.4

Information........................................................ 45 21 17 1.5 0.7 0.6

Financial activities................................................ 57 58 65 0.6 0.6 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 32 23 35 0.5 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 25 35 30 1.0 1.4 1.2

Professional and business services............................ 320 363 362 1.4 1.6 1.6

Education and health services.................................. 110 184 169 0.4 0.7 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 21 25 13 0.5 0.6 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 90 160 156 0.4 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 297 364 289 1.8 2.2 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 94 146 91 4.0 5.8 3.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 204 218 198 1.5 1.5 1.4

Other services.................................................... 53 52 80 0.9 0.9 1.4

Government.......................................................... 69 94 60 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal............................................................. 8 8 11 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 61 85 49 0.3 0.4 0.2

State and local education..................................... 21 27 26 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 40 58 23 0.4 0.6 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 235 285 380 0.9 1.0 1.3

South................................................................. 555 643 543 1.0 1.1 0.9

Midwest............................................................... 357 394 311 1.1 1.2 0.9

West.................................................................. 349 333 383 1.0 0.9 1.0

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 241 334 358 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 187 286 320 0.1 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 3 0.1 0.1 0.4

Construction....................................................... 5 19 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 19 19 17 0.1 0.1 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 11 13 13 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 6 4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 39 71 70 0.1 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 10 7 8 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 17 44 45 0.1 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 12 21 17 0.2 0.3 0.2

Information........................................................ 14 11 13 0.5 0.4 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 5 15 18 0.1 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 4 9 12 0.1 0.1 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 2 6 6 0.1 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 49 62 90 0.2 0.3 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 19 39 45 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 5 4 2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 15 35 43 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 30 31 45 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 4 2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 27 27 43 0.2 0.2 0.3

Other services.................................................... 6 18 9 0.1 0.3 0.2

Government.......................................................... 54 48 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 15 14 12 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 39 34 27 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local education..................................... 18 12 7 0.2 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 21 22 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 29 71 77 0.1 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 78 92 169 0.1 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 65 68 40 0.2 0.2 0.1

West.................................................................. 68 103 73 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 10,097 8,454 8,302 7.1 5.9 5.8

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 2,015 1,877 2,051 8.0 8.1 8.8

10 to 49 employees................................................. 3,173 2,498 2,250 6.6 5.5 5.0

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,704 2,277 2,072 7.1 5.5 5.1

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,271 980 1,063 7.1 5.2 5.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 620 579 618 7.0 6.4 6.3

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 314 242 247 7.1 5.3 5.1

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 6,243 5,512 5,915 4.7 4.1 4.4

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 983 793 1,045 4.2 3.7 4.9

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,045 1,708 1,685 4.5 3.9 4.0

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,801 1,808 1,762 5.1 4.6 4.6

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 859 756 894 5.2 4.3 4.8

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 463 355 436 5.6 4.2 4.7

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 91 92 92 2.2 2.1 2.0

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 5,530 5,486 5,386 4.2 4.1 4.0

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 799 747 845 3.4 3.5 4.0

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,925 1,863 1,586 4.3 4.3 3.7

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,670 1,779 1,723 4.7 4.6 4.5

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 725 752 792 4.4 4.2 4.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 340 280 380 4.1 3.3 4.1

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 71 65 60 1.7 1.5 1.3

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 3,915 3,640 3,509 3.0 2.7 2.6

1 to 9 employees................................................. 456 379 532 2.0 1.8 2.5

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 1,466 1,380 1,056 3.3 3.2 2.5

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,226 1,226 1,108 3.5 3.1 2.9

250 to 999 employees........................................... 491 453 528 3.0 2.6 2.8

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 228 162 250 2.8 1.9 2.7

5,000 or more employees....................................... 48 39 36 1.2 0.9 0.8

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,427 1,561 1,557 1.1 1.2 1.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 309 290 228 1.3 1.4 1.1

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 395 392 435 0.9 0.9 1.0

50 to 249 employees............................................. 404 487 541 1.1 1.2 1.4

250 to 999 employees........................................... 215 274 238 1.3 1.5 1.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 90 99 101 1.1 1.2 1.1

5,000 or more employees....................................... 15 18 13 0.4 0.4 0.3

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 187 286 320 0.1 0.2 0.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 34 77 85 0.1 0.4 0.4

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 64 91 95 0.1 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 40 66 74 0.1 0.2 0.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 20 26 27 0.1 0.1 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 21 19 29 0.3 0.2 0.3

5,000 or more employees....................................... 8 7 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.