For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 6, 2010 USDL-10-0424

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2010

There were 2.7 million job openings on the last business day of February 2010, the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics reported today. The job openings rate was little changed over the month at 2.1 percent. 

The hires rate (3.1 percent) and the separations rate (3.1 percent) were also little changed in February. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the 

total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings was little changed in February at 2.7 million. Although little changed over 

the month, the level has trended upward since the most recent trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. The

job openings level was little changed in February for most industries and all four regions. (See table 1.) 

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

March 2007 - February 2010

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

March 2007 - February 2010

Hires

Separations

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.

New JOLTS Supplemental Materials

With the release of the February 2010 data, new supplemental materials will be posted to the JOLTS homepage 

each month. “Graphs and Highlights” will provide graphs and a short discussion of data from JOLTS and other 

BLS series, showing the historical behavior of JOLTS data elements alone and compared to the other series as 

the economy moves through the business cycle. Statistically significant change tables will provide results for 

over-the-month and over-the-year change. The materials can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at 

http://www.bls.gov/web/jolts.supp.toc.htm. 
- 2 - 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total ...................................................... 2,830 2,854 2,723 4,095 4,087 3,961 4,869 4,155 3,957

Total private 1

..........................................2,483 2,471 2,368 3,837 3,790 3,664 4,588 3,858 3,661

Construction.......................................... 65 62 62 344 312 302 465 405 359

Manufacturing....................................... 136 154 171 250 289 259 433 276 264

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

............ 447 395 462 806 822 814 936 856 810

Retail trade..................................... 325 255 320 546 584 563 602 577 553

Professional and business services............ 490 424 401 722 729 735 918 698 690

Education and health services.................. 561 624 552 520 487 483 508 457 455

Leisure and hospitality ........................... 313 268 274 702 715 648 732 709 626

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 20 19 18 95 102 89 101 111 78

Accommodation and food services......... 293 250 256 607 613 559 632 598 548

Government 3

..................................... 347 383 354 257 297 297 281 296 295

 State and local government..................... 305 256 246 248 254 255 260 269 264

Total ...................................................... 2.1 2.2 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.2 3.1

Total private 1

.......................................... 2.2 2.3 2.2 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.2 3.6 3.4

Construction.......................................... 1.0 1.1 1.1 5.4 5.6 5.4 7.2 7.2 6.5

Manufacturing....................................... 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.2 3.5 2.4 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

............ 1.7 1.6 1.8 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.3

Retail trade.................................... 2.2 1.7 2.2 3.7 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.8

Professional and business services............2.8 2.5 2.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 5.4 4.2 4.2

Education and health services.................. 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ........................... 2.3 2.0 2.1 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.6 5.5 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.9 5.4 4.7 5.2 5.9 4.1

Accommodation and food services......... 2.5 2.2 2.3 5.4 5.5 5.0 5.6 5.4 4.9

Government 3

..................................... 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

 State and local government..................... 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

 2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

 p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)

In February, the number of job openings was little different from 12 months earlier for total nonfarm, 

total private, and government. The job openings level was little changed in most industries and in 3 of 

the 4 regions over the year; the level fell in the South. (See table 5.) 

Hires

The hires rate was little changed in February at 3.1 percent. The rate has remained between 3.0 percent 

and 3.2 percent since November 2008. After falling from the most recent peak of 5.6 million hires in

January 2005, the hires level reached a low point of 3.9 million in June 2009. In February 2010, the 

hires level was 4.0 million. The hires rate was little changed in February for all industries and 3 of the 4 

regions; the rate decreased in the Northeast. (See table 2.) 
- 3 - 

Over the 12 months ending in February, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was unchanged for total 

nonfarm and total private, but increased for government. The hires rate was little changed in the 

remaining industries and in all four regions over the year. (See table 6.) 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate was

little changed in February for total nonfarm and remained low at 3.1 percent. The rate was little changed

for total private and government. The total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) decreased over the 

12 months ending in February for total nonfarm and total private, while the rate for government was

little changed. (See tables 3 and 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In February, the 

quits rate was little changed for total nonfarm (1.4 percent), total private (1.6 percent), and government 

(0.6 percent). The rate was little changed over the month for most industries while increasing in the 

Northeast and West regions. After falling from the most recent peak of 3.2 million in November 2006, 

the number of quits has hovered between 1.7 million and 1.8 million since April 2009. (See table 4.) 

Over the 12 months ending in February, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for 

total nonfarm, total private, and government as well as in almost every industry and region. (See table 

8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed in February for 

total nonfarm (1.8 million), total private (1.7 million), and government (110,000). Although little 

changed over the month, the number of layoffs and discharges has trended downward since peaking in 

January 2009 for total nonfarm and total private and since June 2009 for government. (See table B 

below.) 

The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell over the 12 months ending in February for

total nonfarm and total private, and was little changed for government. The layoffs and discharges rate

fell over the year in many industries and in 3 of the 4 regions—Midwest, South, and West. (See table 9.) 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................... 2,593 1,953 1,822 2.0 1.5 1.4

Total private................................................... 2,453 1,826 1,712 2.2 1.7 1.6

Government................................................... 140 127 110 0.6 0.6 0.5

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In February, there were 283,000 other 

separations for total nonfarm, 247,000 for total private, and 36,000 for government. Compared to 

February 2009, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and

government. (See table 10.) 
- 4 - 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm 

level attributable to the individual components has varied over time. The proportion of quits had 

exceeded the proportion of layoffs and discharges every month from the beginning of the series in

December 2000 until November 2008 when layoffs and discharges became the larger contributor to total 

separations. In April 2009, the proportion of quits hit a low of 39 percent and began to rise, while the 

proportion of layoffs and discharges hit a high of 56 percent and began to fall. In February 2010, the 

relative contribution reversed again with the proportion of quits (47 percent) slightly exceeding the 

proportion of layoffs and discharges (46 percent). (See tables 3 and 4, and table B above.) 

Net Change in Employment

Over the 12 months ending in February, hires totaled 48.3 million and separations totaled 51.5 million, 

yielding a net employment loss of 3.2 million. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for March 2010 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, May 11, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). 
Technical Note 

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from 

a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Collection 

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are 

collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data 

collection methods include computer-assisted telephone 

interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, e-mail, and mail. 

Coverage 

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 

50 states and the District of Columbia. 

Concepts 

 Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, 

State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and 

update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and 

ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year 

cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting 

from the verification process are always introduced into 

the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year. 

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position 

exists and there is work available for that position, 2) 

work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a 

suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is 

actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill 

the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, 

including both new and rehired employees, full-time and 

part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal employees, 

employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting 

more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who 

returned to work after having been formally separated, 

and transfers from other locations. The hires count does 

not include transfers or promotions within the reporting 

site, employees returning from strike, employees of 

temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time during 

the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings or 

other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or 

short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal 

employees. Other separations include retirements, 

transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to 

disability. Separations do not include transfers within the 

same location or employees on strike. 

 The separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and 

other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing 

the number by employment and multiplying by 100. 

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels 
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, 

and total separations are released with the January news 

release each year. 

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. 

Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are 

rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, 

annual estimates are published only for not seasonally 

adjusted data. 

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job 

openings cannot be created by summing the monthly 

estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and 

are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the 

month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by 

summing the monthly estimates. 

Special Collection Procedures 

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations 

from hires for a given month. Aggregating these monthly 

changes historically produced employment levels that 

overstated employment change as measured by CES at the 

total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed 

that a significant amount of the divergence between the 

CES employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government Education 

industry. In the former industry, businesses have a 

difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary 

help workers. In the latter industry, employers have 

difficulty reporting hires and separations of student 

workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the 

collection, editing, and review of data for these 

industries. BLS analysts more closely examine reported 

data that do not provide a consistent picture over time, 

and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts 

work with the respondents to adjust their reporting 

practices as possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but 

are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, 

they are replaced by imputed values using standard 

techniques. 

Sample and estimation methodology 

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 

nonfarm business establishments, including factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local 

governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 

The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 

million establishments compiled as part of the operations 

of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers 

subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and 

federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation 

for Federal Employees (UCFE). 

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units drawn 

on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one 

certainty panel composed of only large units selected with 

virtual certainty based on their size and 24 non-certainty 

panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is rolled 

into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is rolled 

out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample 

is constructed from panels from three different annual 

sampling frames. The entire sample of old plus new 

panels is post-stratified and re-weighted annually to 

represent the most recent sampling frame. Additionally, 

the out-of-business establishments are removed from the 

old panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample. 

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to 

JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all 

other JOLTS data elements. 

 JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model 

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. BLS has developed a 

model to estimate birth/death activity for current months 

by examining the birth/death activity from previous years 

on the QCEW and projecting forward to the present using 

an econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. 

The model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number of 

hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 
 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to their 

contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled 

units are estimated by computing the ratio of openings to 

hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to the 

modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are then 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from the 

survey to arrive at the estimates for openings, hires, and 

separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the 

X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal 

adjustment is the process of estimating and removing 

periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, 

holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. 

Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe 

fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly 

those associated with general economic expansions and 

contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment 

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, 

up to and including the data for the current month. 

Alignment procedure 

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to 

the CES net employment change. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and non-sampling errors 

between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to 

diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and 

improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and separations 

series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method. 

The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES 

employment trends to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS 

implied employment trend (hires minus separations) 

forcing them to be approximately the same, while 

preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the 

two series are seasonally adjusted and the difference 

between the JOLTS implied employment trend and the 

CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the 

JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the 

CES net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will receive 

40 percent of the needed adjustment and separations will 

receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted 

hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original 

seasonal factors. After the monthly alignment method has 

been used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the JOLTS 

implied employment trend with the CES trend. The CES 

series is considered a highly accurate measure of net 

employment change owing to its very large sample size 

and annual benchmarking to universe counts of 

employment from the QCEW program. 

Using JOLTS data 

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided 

into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full 

complement of panels for the original data series based on 

the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system 

was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 

2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed 

to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled 

until May 2003. The data collected up until those points 

are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates 

from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time. 

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and 

separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations 

estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be 

comparable to estimates for March 2002 and later. 

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new 

Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the 

JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal 

government. The Office of Personnel Management's 

record shows these transfers were completed in March 

2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions 

of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing 

movements of workers between establishments. The 

Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a 

massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these 

intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal 

government time series. 

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series 

and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire 

population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information 

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-

8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p

Total......................................................2,830 2,624 2,546 2,456 2,531 2,854 2,723 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,483 2,333 2,164 2,113 2,130 2,471 2,368 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.2

Construction.................................... 65 73 65 71 67 62 62 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

Manufacturing................................. 136 139 141 155 171 154 171 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 447 415 363 334 378 395 462 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8

Retail trade................................. 325 282 228 207 237 255 320 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.2

Professional and business services...... 490 446 436 425 404 424 401 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4

Education and health services............ 561 573 529 537 545 624 552 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.8

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 313 305 268 236 227 268 274 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 20 27 19 23 20 19 18 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

Accommodation and food services... 293 278 249 214 207 250 256 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.3

Government 6....................................... 347 292 382 343 401 383 354 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6

State and local government............... 305 232 292 249 294 256 246 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 625 532 532 482 547 585 590 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.3

South............................................. 1,064 952 915 859 943 986 916 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9

Midwest.......................................... 581 565 566 553 495 613 579 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.9

West............................................. 609 566 605 586 603 648 695 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p

Total......................................................4,095 4,091 4,001 4,160 3,997 4,087 3,961 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,837 3,833 3,689 3,878 3,715 3,790 3,664 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4

Construction.................................... 344 349 325 329 335 312 302 5.4 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.4

Manufacturing................................. 250 271 243 259 244 289 259 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 806 854 772 847 849 822 814 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3

Retail trade................................. 546 566 518 554 547 584 563 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.9

Professional and business services...... 722 698 709 808 652 729 735 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.4 4.4

Education and health services............ 520 532 522 512 496 487 483 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 702 693 663 693 657 715 648 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 95 121 100 111 94 102 89 4.9 6.3 5.2 5.9 5.0 5.4 4.7

Accommodation and food services... 607 572 563 582 562 613 559 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.0

Government 6....................................... 257 258 312 282 282 297 297 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local government............... 248 236 271 247 254 254 255 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 757 731 805 758 746 836 699 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.4 2.8

South............................................. 1,427 1,518 1,420 1,555 1,463 1,449 1,338 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9

Midwest.......................................... 830 926 949 896 900 936 918 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1

West............................................. 851 954 933 970 879 922 812 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.8

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 4,869 4,274 4,171 4,130 4,195 4,155 3,957 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 4,588 3,990 3,901 3,846 3,884 3,858 3,661 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4

Construction.................................... 465 415 381 347 382 405 359 7.2 7.1 6.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 6.5

Manufacturing................................. 433 313 293 285 273 276 264 3.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 936 916 844 853 901 856 810 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3

Retail trade................................. 602 605 567 544 567 577 553 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8

Professional and business services...... 918 705 717 706 649 698 690 5.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.2

Education and health services............ 508 503 473 486 486 457 455 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 732 677 707 716 688 709 626 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 101 86 128 116 109 111 78 5.2 4.4 6.7 6.1 5.8 5.9 4.1

Accommodation and food services... 632 591 579 600 578 598 548 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.4 4.9

Government 6.................................... 281 284 269 284 311 296 295 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

State and local government............... 260 267 242 249 283 269 264 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 783 744 727 728 817 789 703 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.9

South............................................. 1,759 1,598 1,544 1,531 1,499 1,561 1,437 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1

Midwest..........................................1,089 948 920 752 1,016 988 859 3.6 3.2 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.9

West............................................. 1,166 1,037 939 894 1,061 1,034 925 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.6 3.2

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Feb. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 2,003 1,716 1,723 1,837 1,753 1,772 1,848 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,889 1,616 1,620 1,731 1,639 1,661 1,712 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

Construction.................................... 88 77 62 92 76 99 81 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.5

Manufacturing................................. 100 90 80 75 75 85 96 .8 .8 .7 .6 .7 .7 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 410 387 382 413 392 368 461 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.9

Retail trade................................. 309 285 287 276 291 266 361 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.5

Professional and business services...... 311 265 277 264 248 259 270 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

Education and health services............ 266 270 267 262 271 248 241 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 437 345 356 397 375 401 391 3.3 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 34 14 39 42 32 48 31 1.8 .7 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.6

Accommodation and food services... 403 331 317 355 344 353 360 3.6 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2

Government 6.................................... 114 100 102 106 114 112 136 .5 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6

State and local government............... 110 96 98 101 106 106 125 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 287 245 300 276 280 268 344 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4

South............................................. 774 659 677 757 722 736 787 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

Midwest.......................................... 523 359 382 377 391 380 440 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5

West............................................. 519 371 388 446 382 362 446 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.6

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,666 3,122 2,589 2.0 2.4 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,350 2,713 2,270 2.1 2.5 2.1

Mining and logging.................................... 9 11 15 1.2 1.7 2.2

Construction............................................. 66 61 62 1.1 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 136 161 172 1.1 1.4 1.5

Durable goods....................................... 66 84 97 .9 1.2 1.4

Nondurable goods.................................... 69 77 74 1.5 1.7 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 404 412 436 1.6 1.7 1.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 89 119 89 1.6 2.1 1.6

Retail trade............................................. 275 252 282 1.9 1.7 2.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 39 41 64 .8 .9 1.4

Information................................................ 67 124 77 2.3 4.4 2.8

Financial activities...................................... 183 237 149 2.3 3.0 1.9

Finance and insurance.............................. 136 201 110 2.3 3.4 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 47 36 39 2.3 1.8 2.0

Professional and business services............... 482 488 391 2.8 2.9 2.3

Education and health services..................... 551 682 530 2.8 3.4 2.6

Educational services................................. 51 38 56 1.6 1.2 1.7

Health care and social assistance............... 500 644 474 3.0 3.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality................................. 285 275 255 2.2 2.2 2.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 21 17 18 1.2 1.0 1.1

Accommodation and food services............ 264 258 236 2.4 2.3 2.2

Other services.......................................... 168 262 184 3.0 4.8 3.4

Government................................................ 316 409 319 1.4 1.8 1.4

Federal................................................... 35 162 91 1.2 5.4 3.1

State and local........................................... 281 247 228 1.4 1.2 1.1

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 554 662 535 2.2 2.7 2.1

South...................................................... 1,026 1,076 872 2.1 2.3 1.9

Midwest................................................... 528 660 526 1.7 2.2 1.8

West...................................................... 558 724 656 1.9 2.5 2.3

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 3,343 4,021 3,225 2.5 3.2 2.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,172 3,732 3,019 2.9 3.5 2.9

Mining and logging.................................... 14 33 19 1.9 4.9 2.9

Construction............................................. 277 275 237 4.6 5.2 4.6

Manufacturing.......................................... 222 304 234 1.8 2.7 2.0

Durable goods....................................... 127 201 128 1.7 2.9 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 95 103 106 2.1 2.3 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 612 718 615 2.5 2.9 2.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 91 136 107 1.6 2.5 2.0

Retail trade............................................. 406 477 418 2.8 3.3 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 115 105 89 2.4 2.3 1.9

Information................................................ 53 72 40 1.9 2.6 1.5

Financial activities...................................... 142 206 137 1.8 2.7 1.8

Finance and insurance.............................. 93 141 86 1.6 2.5 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 50 65 51 2.5 3.4 2.6

Professional and business services............... 625 820 653 3.8 5.1 4.0

Education and health services..................... 455 504 415 2.4 2.6 2.1

Educational services................................. 68 74 61 2.1 2.4 1.9

Health care and social assistance............... 386 430 354 2.4 2.7 2.2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 587 625 534 4.7 5.1 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 64 92 57 3.7 5.5 3.4

Accommodation and food services............ 523 534 477 4.8 5.0 4.4

Other services.......................................... 184 176 135 3.4 3.4 2.6

Government................................................ 171 289 206 .7 1.3 .9

Federal................................................... 7 48 34 .3 1.7 1.2

State and local........................................... 164 241 171 .8 1.2 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 596 801 550 2.4 3.3 2.3

South...................................................... 1,303 1,456 1,205 2.7 3.2 2.6

Midwest................................................... 705 905 775 2.4 3.1 2.7

West...................................................... 739 859 696 2.5 3.0 2.5

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 3,886 5,489 3,129 3.0 4.3 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,725 5,147 2,957 3.4 4.9 2.8

Mining and logging.................................... 27 33 16 3.6 5.0 2.4

Construction............................................. 394 536 302 6.6 10.2 5.9

Manufacturing.......................................... 376 415 230 3.1 3.6 2.0

Durable goods....................................... 239 262 129 3.1 3.7 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 137 153 101 3.0 3.4 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 777 1,244 667 3.1 5.1 2.7

Wholesale trade....................................... 140 185 108 2.5 3.4 2.0

Retail trade............................................. 507 862 463 3.5 6.0 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 130 198 96 2.7 4.3 2.1

Information................................................ 60 119 52 2.1 4.4 1.9

Financial activities...................................... 190 347 146 2.4 4.6 1.9

Finance and insurance.............................. 122 247 85 2.1 4.3 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 68 101 61 3.4 5.2 3.2

Professional and business services............... 773 827 601 4.6 5.1 3.7

Education and health services..................... 390 613 346 2.0 3.2 1.8

Educational services................................. 43 77 33 1.3 2.5 1.0

Health care and social assistance............... 346 536 314 2.2 3.3 1.9

Leisure and hospitality................................. 553 782 463 4.4 6.3 3.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 58 103 42 3.3 6.2 2.5

Accommodation and food services............ 496 678 421 4.6 6.3 3.9

Other services.......................................... 185 230 133 3.4 4.4 2.5

Government................................................ 161 342 172 .7 1.5 .8

Federal................................................... 16 40 26 .6 1.4 .9

State and local........................................... 145 303 147 .7 1.6 .7

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 595 977 524 2.4 4.0 2.2

South...................................................... 1,456 1,949 1,177 3.1 4.2 2.5

Midwest................................................... 881 1,296 679 2.9 4.5 2.3

West...................................................... 955 1,267 749 3.3 4.5 2.6

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 1,550 2,121 1,430 1.2 1.7 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,476 1,991 1,339 1.4 1.9 1.3

Mining and logging.................................... 8 11 6 1.1 1.7 .8

Construction............................................. 68 96 65 1.1 1.8 1.3

Manufacturing.......................................... 80 108 79 .7 .9 .7

Durable goods....................................... 37 49 41 .5 .7 .6

Nondurable goods.................................... 43 58 37 .9 1.3 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 320 449 358 1.3 1.8 1.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 36 56 33 .6 1.0 .6

Retail trade............................................. 238 325 280 1.7 2.3 2.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 45 68 45 .9 1.5 1.0

Information................................................ 25 43 23 .9 1.6 .8

Financial activities...................................... 62 138 58 .8 1.8 .8

Finance and insurance.............................. 44 96 30 .8 1.7 .5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 18 42 28 .9 2.2 1.5

Professional and business services............... 256 280 231 1.5 1.7 1.4

Education and health services..................... 201 333 180 1.0 1.7 .9

Educational services................................. 23 42 19 .7 1.4 .6

Health care and social assistance............... 178 291 161 1.1 1.8 1.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 329 424 295 2.6 3.4 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 21 40 18 1.2 2.4 1.0

Accommodation and food services............ 308 385 277 2.8 3.6 2.6

Other services.......................................... 127 110 45 2.4 2.1 .9

Government................................................ 74 130 91 .3 .6 .4

Federal................................................... 3 8 9 .1 .3 .3

State and local........................................... 71 122 82 .4 .6 .4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 181 334 211 .7 1.4 .9

South...................................................... 589 891 582 1.2 1.9 1.3

Midwest................................................... 385 479 310 1.3 1.7 1.1

West...................................................... 395 418 327 1.4 1.5 1.2

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,071 2,836 1,415 1.6 2.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,015 2,698 1,370 1.9 2.6 1.3

Mining and logging.................................... 17 18 9 2.3 2.7 1.4

Construction............................................. 318 414 219 5.3 7.9 4.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 278 271 136 2.3 2.4 1.2

Durable goods....................................... 191 190 78 2.5 2.7 1.1

Nondurable goods.................................... 88 81 58 1.9 1.8 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 406 674 236 1.6 2.8 1.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 98 103 59 1.7 1.9 1.1

Retail trade............................................. 234 474 135 1.6 3.3 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 74 97 42 1.5 2.1 .9

Information................................................ 32 56 25 1.1 2.1 .9

Financial activities...................................... 117 122 60 1.5 1.6 .8

Finance and insurance.............................. 68 74 34 1.2 1.3 .6

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 48 48 26 2.4 2.5 1.3

Professional and business services............... 455 490 322 2.7 3.0 2.0

Education and health services..................... 141 213 142 .7 1.1 .7

Educational services................................. 17 27 11 .5 .9 .3

Health care and social assistance............... 124 186 131 .8 1.1 .8

Leisure and hospitality................................. 196 326 142 1.6 2.6 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 36 56 20 2.1 3.4 1.2

Accommodation and food services............ 160 270 122 1.5 2.5 1.1

Other services.......................................... 55 114 80 1.0 2.2 1.5

Government................................................ 56 137 45 .2 .6 .2

Federal................................................... 6 12 8 .2 .4 .3

State and local........................................... 50 126 37 .2 .6 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 346 529 258 1.4 2.2 1.1

South...................................................... 773 875 497 1.6 1.9 1.1

Midwest................................................... 437 707 305 1.5 2.4 1.0

West...................................................... 516 725 355 1.8 2.6 1.3

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Feb. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 264 532 283 0.2 0.4 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 234 457 247 .2 .4 .2

Mining and logging.................................... 1 4 1 .2 .6 .2

Construction............................................. 8 27 19 .1 .5 .4

Manufacturing.......................................... 18 36 15 .1 .3 .1

Durable goods....................................... 12 23 10 .2 .3 .1

Nondurable goods.................................... 6 13 5 .1 .3 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 51 122 72 .2 .5 .3

Wholesale trade....................................... 6 25 17 .1 .5 .3

Retail trade............................................. 35 63 47 .2 .4 .3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 10 34 8 .2 .7 .2

Information................................................ 3 19 5 .1 .7 .2

Financial activities...................................... 11 87 27 .1 1.2 .4

Finance and insurance.............................. 9 76 21 .2 1.3 .4

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 2 11 7 .1 .6 .3

Professional and business services............... 62 57 49 .4 .4 .3

Education and health services..................... 47 66 24 .2 .3 .1

Educational services................................. 2 7 2 .1 .2 .1

Health care and social assistance............... 45 59 22 .3 .4 .1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 29 31 26 .2 .3 .2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 1 7 4 .0 .4 .2

Accommodation and food services............ 28 24 22 .3 .2 .2

Other services.......................................... 2 6 7 .0 .1 .1

Government................................................ 30 75 36 .1 .3 .2

Federal................................................... 7 20 9 .2 .7 .3

State and local........................................... 24 55 28 .1 .3 .1

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 67 114 55 .3 .5 .2

South...................................................... 94 182 98 .2 .4 .2

Midwest................................................... 59 110 63 .2 .4 .2

West...................................................... 43 126 67 .1 .4 .2

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region