For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, March 9, 2022 USDL-22-0413 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

(NOTE: This news release was reissued on March 10, 2022, correcting a reference month in the 

paragraph detailing hires data. The correct reference month is January, not December.) 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2022 

The number of job openings was little changed at 11.3 million on the last business day of January, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.5 

million and 6.1 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate decreased to 2.8 percent. The 

layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 0.9 percent. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by four 

geographic regions, and by establishment size class. The release also includes 2021 annual estimates for 

hires and separations. The annual number of hires and quits in 2021 increased to 75.6 million and 47.8 

million, respectively. The annual number of layoffs and discharges decreased to 17.0 million in 2021. 

 

Job Openings 

On the last business day of January, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 11.3 

million and 7.0 percent, respectively. Job openings decreased in several industries, with the largest 

decreases in accommodation and food services (-288,000); transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

(-132,000); and federal government (-60,000). Job openings increased in other services (+136,000) and 

in durable goods manufacturing (+85,000). Job openings decreased in the West region. (See table 1.) 

Revisions to the JOLTS Estimates 

Job openings, hires, and separations have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current 

Employment Statistics employment data and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. See the revision 

section at the end of this release for more information. 

 3.0

 3.4

 3.8

 4.2

 4.6

 5.0

 5.4

 5.8

 6.2

 6.6

 7.0

 7.4

Jan-19 Jul-19 Jan-20 Jul-20 Jan-21 Jul-21 Jan-22

Percent Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

January 2019 - January 2022

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Jan-19 Jul-19 Jan-20 Jul-20 Jan-21 Jul-21 Jan-22 Hires Separations Percent Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

January 2019 - January 2022
- 2 -

Hires 

In January, the number of hires was little changed at 6.5 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.3 

percent. Hires were little changed in all industries. The number of hires was little changed in all four 

regions. (See table 2.) 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm. 

In January, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 6.1 million and 4.0 percent, 

respectively. Among the industries, total separations decreased for federal government (-13,000). The 

number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.) 

The number of quits edged down in January to 4.3 million (-151,000). The quits rate decreased to 2.8 

percent. Quits decreased in retail trade (-69,000) and in information (-20,000) but increased in finance 

and insurance (+30,000). The number of quits decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 4.) 

In January, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.4 million and 0.9 

percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges increased in retail trade (+48,000) and in information 

(+40,000) but decreased in federal government (-12,000). The number of layoffs and discharges 

increased in the Northeast region. (See table 5.) 

The number of other separations was little changed in January at 391,000. Other separations increased 

in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+10,000) and in durable goods manufacturing (+8,000). 

The other separations level decreased in information (-9,000); state and local government education 

(-9,000); and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-3,000). Other separations were little changed in all 

four regions. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. 

Over the 12 months ending in January 2022, hires totaled 76.4 million and separations totaled 70.0 

million, yielding a net employment gain of 6.4 million. These totals include workers who may have been 

hired and separated more than once during the year. 
- 3 -

Establishment Size Class 

In January, the job openings rate increased in large establishments with 5,000 or more employees. The 

quits rate decreased in large establishments with 250 to 999 and 1,000 to 4,999 employees. For a more 

in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 

www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm. 

Annual Levels and Rates 

Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published for not seasonally adjusted data and are 

published with the January news release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. Annual levels for hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 revised 

monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

In 2021, there were 75.6 million hires, an increase of 2.9 million from 2020. Total separations decreased 

by 11.7 million in 2021 to 69.0 million. Quits increased to a series high of 47.8 million in 2021, a gain 

of 12.0 million (JOLTS annual estimates are available back to 2001). Quits comprised 69.3 percent of 

total separations. Layoffs and discharges decreased by 23.8 million in 2021 to a series low of 17.0 

million and comprised 24.6 percent of total separations. Other separations increased by 94,000 in 2021 

to 4.2 million and comprised 6.1 percent of total separations. (See tables 13 through 22.) 

The annual hires rate for 2021 was 51.7 percent, a 0.6 percentage point increase from 2020. The annual 

total separations rate for 2021 was 47.2 percent, down 9.6 percentage points from the previous year. The 

annual rates for the components of total separations were 32.7 percent for quits, 11.6 percent for layoffs 

and discharges, and 2.9 percent for other separations. (See tables 13 through 22.) 

____________ 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for February 2022 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, March 29, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,232 11,448 11,263 5,719 6,450 6,457 5,172 6,042 6,058

Total private....................................... 6,487 10,343 10,234 5,335 6,062 6,059 4,887 5,648 5,687

Mining and logging............................. 20 34 25 14 20 17 20 17 21

Construction.................................... 299 359 380 351 361 298 340 329 305

Manufacturing.................................. 522 746 855 353 457 483 368 434 476

Durable goods............................... 295 422 507 198 258 267 217 244 266

Nondurable goods........................... 227 324 349 155 199 216 151 190 211

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,381 1,942 1,834 1,255 1,377 1,411 1,129 1,330 1,341

Wholesale trade............................. 188 295 309 154 170 174 143 142 163

Retail trade................................... 811 1,036 1,046 790 901 923 720 916 889

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 382 611 479 311 306 314 266 272 289

Information...................................... 161 232 234 92 111 126 70 112 123

Financial activities.............................. 276 470 538 205 229 239 203 206 233

Finance and insurance..................... 197 355 411 130 145 161 140 135 163

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 79 115 127 75 84 77 64 70 70

Professional and business services......... 1,452 2,021 2,065 1,184 1,212 1,232 1,036 1,150 1,105

Education and health services............... 1,355 2,187 2,129 672 846 830 640 800 804

Educational services........................ 152 217 185 125 102 96 40 84 87

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,204 1,970 1,944 547 744 734 600 716 717

Leisure and hospitality........................ 779 1,990 1,676 996 1,192 1,191 873 1,029 1,052

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 90 205 179 150 165 156 109 123 139

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 689 1,785 1,497 847 1,027 1,034 764 906 912

Other services.................................. 243 362 498 214 256 232 207 241 227

Government....................................... 746 1,105 1,029 383 388 398 284 395 371

Federal.......................................... 101 167 107 43 45 40 53 57 44

State and local................................. 644 938 922 341 344 358 231 338 326

State and local education.................. 314 361 355 201 183 198 77 174 163

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 330 577 567 139 161 160 154 163 164

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.8 7.1 7.0 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.6 4.1 4.0

Total private....................................... 5.1 7.5 7.4 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.5

Mining and logging............................. 3.5 5.5 4.2 2.5 3.5 3.0 3.7 2.9 3.6

Construction.................................... 3.9 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.0 4.6 4.4 4.1

Manufacturing.................................. 4.1 5.6 6.4 2.9 3.6 3.8 3.0 3.5 3.8

Durable goods............................... 3.7 5.1 6.1 2.6 3.3 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.4

Nondurable goods........................... 4.7 6.4 6.9 3.4 4.2 4.6 3.3 4.0 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.8 6.4 6.1 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.1 4.7 4.7

Wholesale trade............................. 3.2 4.9 5.1 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.8

Retail trade................................... 5.1 6.2 6.3 5.2 5.8 5.9 4.7 5.9 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 5.6 8.2 6.5 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.0 4.2

Information...................................... 5.5 7.4 7.4 3.3 3.8 4.3 2.5 3.8 4.2

Financial activities.............................. 3.1 5.0 5.7 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.6

Finance and insurance..................... 2.9 5.1 5.9 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 3.5 4.8 5.2 3.4 3.6 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.0

Professional and business services......... 6.5 8.5 8.6 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.0 5.3 5.0

Education and health services............... 5.5 8.4 8.2 2.9 3.5 3.5 2.7 3.3 3.4

Educational services........................ 4.2 5.5 4.7 3.6 2.8 2.6 1.1 2.3 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.7 8.9 8.8 2.7 3.7 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.5

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.7 11.7 9.9 7.7 7.9 7.8 6.8 6.8 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.9 8.6 7.5 8.5 7.5 7.1 6.2 5.6 6.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.8 12.2 10.3 7.6 8.0 7.9 6.9 7.0 7.0

Other services.................................. 4.4 6.1 8.1 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Government....................................... 3.3 4.8 4.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.7

Federal.......................................... 3.4 5.5 3.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.5

State and local................................. 3.3 4.6 4.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.7

State and local education.................. 3.1 3.4 3.3 2.0 1.8 1.9 0.8 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 3.5 6.0 5.9 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data 

The JOLTS data are revised annually to reflect updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES 

employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual 

benchmarking process results in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series. The seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Further, the alignment methodology creates a dependency of 

the not seasonally adjusted estimates on the seasonal adjustment process. Therefore, the data series that 

are not seasonally adjusted are also recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect the effect 

of the updated seasonal adjustment factors on the alignment process. 

Tables B through G below present revised total nonfarm data for January through December 2021. The 

December 2021 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the 

final December estimates. Tables presenting revisions to total nonfarm data for January 2017 through 

December 2021 will be available on the JOLTS website later in the day following the release. The 

website also contains all revised seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision 

tables and data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at www.bls.gov/jlt/. 

Table B. Revisions in job openings data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2021

January............................7,099 7,232 133 4.7 4.8 0.1

February...........................7,526 7,860 334 5.0 5.2 .2

March...............................8,288 8,480 192 5.4 5.5 .1

April.................................9,193 9,265 72 6.0 6.0 .0

May.................................9,483 9,639 156 6.1 6.2 .1

June................................10,185 9,852 -333 6.5 6.3 -.2

July..................................11,098 10,783 -315 7.0 6.9 -.1

August.............................10,629 10,629 0 6.7 6.7 .0

September.........................10,602 10,673 71 6.7 6.8 .1

October............................11,091 11,094 3 7.0 7.0 .0

November..........................10,775 10,922 147 6.8 6.8 .0

December.........................10,925 11,448 523 6.8 7.1 .3

Year and month
Table C. Revisions in hires data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2021

January............................5,465 5,719 254 3.8 4.0 0.2

February...........................5,794 6,028 234 4.0 4.2 .2

March...............................6,006 6,208 202 4.2 4.3 .1

April.................................6,012 6,121 109 4.2 4.2 .0

May.................................6,022 6,092 70 4.2 4.2 .0

June................................ 6,827 6,414 -413 4.7 4.4 -.3

July..................................6,761 6,556 -205 4.6 4.5 -.1

August............................. 6,497 6,362 -135 4.4 4.3 -.1

September.........................6,546 6,504 -42 4.4 4.4 .0

October............................ 6,506 6,460 -46 4.4 4.4 .0

November..........................6,596 6,705 109 4.4 4.5 .1

December......................... 6,263 6,450 187 4.2 4.3 .1

Year and month

Table D. Revisions in total separations data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2021

January............................5,323 5,172 -151 3.7 3.6 -0.1

February...........................5,429 5,400 -29 3.8 3.8 .0

March...............................5,436 5,540 104 3.8 3.8 .0

April.................................5,803 5,753 -50 4.0 4.0 .0

May.................................5,330 5,513 183 3.7 3.8 .1

June................................ 5,612 5,793 181 3.8 4.0 .2

July..................................5,792 5,874 82 3.9 4.0 .1

August............................. 6,032 5,913 -119 4.1 4.0 -.1

September.........................6,147 6,008 -139 4.2 4.1 -.1

October............................ 5,891 5,852 -39 4.0 4.0 .0

November..........................6,205 6,197 -8 4.2 4.2 .0

December......................... 5,900 6,042 142 4.0 4.1 .1

Year and month
Table E. Revisions in quits data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2021

January............................3,306 3,311 5 2.3 2.3 0.0

February...........................3,383 3,439 56 2.4 2.4 .0

March...............................3,568 3,695 127 2.5 2.6 .1

April.................................3,992 4,015 23 2.8 2.8 .0

May.................................3,630 3,838 208 2.5 2.6 .1

June................................ 3,870 4,035 165 2.7 2.8 .1

July..................................4,028 4,088 60 2.7 2.8 .1

August............................. 4,270 4,126 -144 2.9 2.8 -.1

September.........................4,362 4,253 -109 3.0 2.9 -.1

October............................ 4,157 4,132 -25 2.8 2.8 .0

November..........................4,499 4,510 11 3.0 3.0 .0

December......................... 4,338 4,403 65 2.9 3.0 .1

Year and month

Table F. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2021

January............................1,724 1,582 -142 1.2 1.1 -0.1

February...........................1,723 1,641 -82 1.2 1.1 -.1

March...............................1,525 1,512 -13 1.1 1.0 -.1

April.................................1,450 1,384 -66 1.0 1.0 .0

May.................................1,353 1,343 -10 0.9 0.9 .0

June................................ 1,354 1,361 7 0.9 0.9 .0

July..................................1,423 1,440 17 1.0 1.0 .0

August............................. 1,385 1,404 19 0.9 1.0 .1

September.........................1,396 1,405 9 0.9 1.0 .1

October............................ 1,350 1,342 -8 0.9 0.9 .0

November..........................1,309 1,295 -14 0.9 0.9 .0

December......................... 1,169 1,262 93 0.8 0.8 .0

Year and month
Table G. Revisions in other separations data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

As

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2021

January............................ 294 278 -16 0.2 0.2 0.0

February........................... 323 319 -4 0.2 0.2 .0

March............................... 343 333 -10 0.2 0.2 .0

April................................. 360 354 -6 0.2 0.2 .0

May................................. 347 333 -14 0.2 0.2 .0

June................................ 389 397 8 0.3 0.3 .0

July.................................. 341 346 5 0.2 0.2 .0

August............................. 378 383 5 0.3 0.3 .0

September......................... 388 349 -39 0.3 0.2 -.1

October............................ 385 379 -6 0.3 0.3 .0

November.......................... 397 393 -4 0.3 0.3 .0

December......................... 392 377 -15 0.3 0.3 .0

Year and month
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

 The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

 The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are 

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly. 

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program. 

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements. 

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations. 

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust 

again. 

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established. 

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month. 

Reliability of the estimates 

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected. 

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

Other information 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total............................................... 7,232 10,673 11,094 10,922 11,448 11,263 4.8 6.8 7.0 6.8 7.1 7.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,487 9,680 10,158 9,935 10,343 10,234 5.1 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.4

Mining and logging......................... 20 29 29 35 34 25 3.5 4.8 4.7 5.6 5.5 4.2

Construction................................ 299 348 392 366 359 380 3.9 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 522 941 923 806 746 855 4.1 7.0 6.9 6.0 5.6 6.4

Durable goods........................... 295 560 529 499 422 507 3.7 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.1 6.1

Nondurable goods....................... 227 381 394 307 324 349 4.7 7.5 7.7 6.1 6.4 6.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,381 1,950 1,968 1,913 1,942 1,834 4.8 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.1

Wholesale trade......................... 188 309 345 318 295 309 3.2 5.1 5.7 5.3 4.9 5.1

Retail trade............................... 811 1,059 1,038 1,036 1,036 1,046 5.1 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 382 582 585 559 611 479 5.6 8.0 8.0 7.6 8.2 6.5

Information.................................. 161 172 179 193 232 234 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.2 7.4 7.4

Financial activities......................... 276 438 445 492 470 538 3.1 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.7

Finance and insurance................. 197 324 338 372 355 411 2.9 4.7 4.9 5.4 5.1 5.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 79 115 107 119 115 127 3.5 4.8 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,452 1,832 2,043 1,904 2,021 2,065 6.5 7.9 8.6 8.1 8.5 8.6

Education and health services........... 1,355 1,979 2,097 2,125 2,187 2,129 5.5 7.7 8.1 8.2 8.4 8.2

Educational services.................... 152 171 192 205 217 185 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.3 5.5 4.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,204 1,808 1,905 1,920 1,970 1,944 5.7 8.2 8.6 8.7 8.9 8.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 779 1,538 1,632 1,666 1,990 1,676 5.7 9.5 10.0 10.0 11.7 9.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 90 192 184 196 205 179 4.9 8.4 8.0 8.3 8.6 7.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 689 1,346 1,448 1,470 1,785 1,497 5.8 9.7 10.3 10.3 12.2 10.3

Other services.............................. 243 453 451 435 362 498 4.4 7.6 7.5 7.2 6.1 8.1

Government................................... 746 994 935 987 1,105 1,029 3.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.8 4.4

Federal...................................... 101 139 127 151 167 107 3.4 4.6 4.2 5.0 5.5 3.6

State and local............................. 644 854 808 836 938 922 3.3 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.6 4.6

State and local education.............. 314 274 313 329 361 355 3.1 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 330 580 496 507 577 567 3.5 6.0 5.2 5.3 6.0 5.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,117 1,794 1,777 1,880 1,923 2,003 4.2 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.8 7.0

South........................................... 2,978 4,083 4,269 4,137 4,330 4,189 5.3 6.9 7.2 7.0 7.2 7.0

Midwest........................................ 1,584 2,396 2,515 2,410 2,530 2,591 4.9 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.4

West............................................ 1,554 2,400 2,533 2,495 2,664 2,480 4.5 6.5 6.8 6.7 7.1 6.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total............................................... 5,719 6,504 6,460 6,705 6,450 6,457 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,335 6,153 6,104 6,305 6,062 6,059 4.4 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.8

Mining and logging......................... 14 16 21 19 20 17 2.5 2.7 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.0

Construction................................ 351 346 362 428 361 298 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.7 4.8 4.0

Manufacturing.............................. 353 470 481 465 457 483 2.9 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.8

Durable goods........................... 198 261 271 256 258 267 2.6 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4

Nondurable goods....................... 155 209 210 209 199 216 3.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,255 1,374 1,354 1,406 1,377 1,411 4.6 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.0

Wholesale trade......................... 154 176 171 194 170 174 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.0

Retail trade............................... 790 894 867 905 901 923 5.2 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 311 304 315 307 306 314 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6

Information.................................. 92 115 119 114 111 126 3.3 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.3

Financial activities......................... 205 290 218 233 229 239 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 130 224 137 153 145 161 2.0 3.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 75 66 80 81 84 77 3.4 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,184 1,260 1,310 1,295 1,212 1,232 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.6

Education and health services........... 672 833 826 867 846 830 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5

Educational services.................... 125 97 118 109 102 96 3.6 2.7 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 547 736 708 758 744 734 2.7 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 996 1,189 1,179 1,216 1,192 1,191 7.7 8.2 8.0 8.2 7.9 7.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 150 182 156 162 165 156 8.5 8.7 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 847 1,007 1,023 1,054 1,027 1,034 7.6 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.0 7.9

Other services.............................. 214 260 234 262 256 232 4.0 4.7 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.1

Government................................... 383 351 356 400 388 398 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8

Federal...................................... 43 43 46 45 45 40 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4

State and local............................. 341 308 310 355 344 358 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9

State and local education.............. 201 130 155 197 183 198 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 139 178 156 158 161 160 1.5 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 843 985 991 1,001 999 992 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7

South........................................... 2,256 2,703 2,677 2,814 2,650 2,652 4.2 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.8

Midwest........................................ 1,321 1,375 1,342 1,380 1,396 1,316 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1

West............................................ 1,299 1,441 1,450 1,510 1,406 1,497 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total............................................... 5,172 6,008 5,852 6,197 6,042 6,058 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,887 5,658 5,442 5,810 5,648 5,687 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.5

Mining and logging......................... 20 14 18 15 17 21 3.7 2.5 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.6

Construction................................ 340 307 339 374 329 305 4.6 4.1 4.5 5.0 4.4 4.1

Manufacturing.............................. 368 439 417 418 434 476 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.8

Durable goods........................... 217 241 224 243 244 266 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.4

Nondurable goods....................... 151 199 193 175 190 211 3.3 4.2 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,129 1,259 1,262 1,338 1,330 1,341 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.7

Wholesale trade......................... 143 169 162 167 142 163 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.8

Retail trade............................... 720 817 847 899 916 889 4.7 5.3 5.4 5.8 5.9 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 266 273 253 272 272 289 4.1 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.2

Information.................................. 70 106 101 93 112 123 2.5 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.8 4.2

Financial activities......................... 203 265 195 201 206 233 2.3 3.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.6

Finance and insurance................. 140 211 130 140 135 163 2.1 3.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 64 54 65 61 70 70 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,036 1,167 1,095 1,227 1,150 1,105 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.6 5.3 5.0

Education and health services........... 640 810 759 857 800 804 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.4

Educational services.................... 40 86 84 90 84 87 1.1 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 600 724 674 767 716 717 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 873 1,043 1,028 1,072 1,029 1,052 6.8 7.2 7.0 7.2 6.8 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 109 146 137 132 123 139 6.2 7.0 6.4 6.1 5.6 6.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 764 897 891 939 906 912 6.9 7.2 7.1 7.4 7.0 7.0

Other services.............................. 207 247 228 215 241 227 3.9 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.0

Government................................... 284 350 410 387 395 371 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7

Federal...................................... 53 44 52 41 57 44 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.5

State and local............................. 231 306 358 345 338 326 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7

State and local education.............. 77 165 171 172 174 163 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 154 141 187 173 163 164 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 754 850 872 922 815 882 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.3

South........................................... 2,137 2,495 2,431 2,550 2,507 2,416 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,100 1,319 1,227 1,344 1,341 1,283 3.5 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.0

West............................................ 1,181 1,344 1,322 1,381 1,380 1,477 3.5 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.2

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total............................................... 3,311 4,253 4,132 4,510 4,403 4,252 2.3 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,165 4,042 3,884 4,266 4,164 4,025 2.6 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.2

Mining and logging......................... 7 10 11 10 13 16 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.7

Construction................................ 143 188 189 215 185 146 1.9 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 1.9

Manufacturing.............................. 253 311 295 307 322 331 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6

Durable goods........................... 151 170 154 185 180 176 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 102 141 141 122 141 155 2.2 3.0 3.0 2.6 3.0 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 773 976 964 1,024 1,082 1,005 2.8 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.6

Wholesale trade......................... 77 129 112 128 113 109 1.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9

Retail trade............................... 547 667 690 710 786 717 3.6 4.3 4.4 4.6 5.0 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 150 181 161 186 183 179 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6

Information.................................. 38 53 59 51 61 41 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.4

Financial activities......................... 135 147 120 132 130 171 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.9

Finance and insurance................. 97 115 73 85 81 111 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 38 32 46 48 49 60 1.7 1.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 607 757 720 834 760 697 2.9 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.2

Education and health services........... 455 631 582 689 597 613 1.9 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.6

Educational services.................... 22 58 56 63 57 58 0.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 433 572 526 626 540 555 2.2 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 653 836 809 881 856 856 5.1 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.7 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 57 89 71 68 81 75 3.2 4.2 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 596 748 738 813 776 781 5.4 6.0 5.9 6.4 6.0 6.0

Other services.............................. 98 135 136 123 159 150 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.7

Government................................... 147 211 248 244 238 227 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Federal...................................... 23 23 25 23 23 25 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

State and local............................. 124 188 223 221 215 202 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

State and local education.............. 44 104 104 102 108 104 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 80 83 119 119 107 99 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 422 572 585 608 601 575 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2

South........................................... 1,458 1,793 1,731 1,883 1,820 1,747 2.7 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.1

Midwest........................................ 740 900 870 1,008 998 906 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.8

West............................................ 691 987 946 1,010 985 1,025 2.1 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total............................................... 1,582 1,405 1,342 1,295 1,262 1,414 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,496 1,329 1,265 1,228 1,183 1,338 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0

Mining and logging......................... 11 3 5 4 4 3 2.0 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5

Construction................................ 183 108 138 150 133 150 2.5 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.0

Manufacturing.............................. 93 110 99 81 90 115 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9

Durable goods........................... 52 59 54 40 49 67 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.9

Nondurable goods....................... 41 51 45 41 41 47 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 330 236 246 251 192 270 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 62 32 43 36 20 40 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.7

Retail trade............................... 159 130 130 141 102 150 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 108 73 72 74 70 80 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

Information.................................. 23 40 31 31 38 78 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.6

Financial activities......................... 39 48 37 28 44 24 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 21 31 20 16 24 19 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 18 18 17 13 19 5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 381 361 311 308 306 314 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Education and health services........... 136 142 129 126 166 149 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6

Educational services.................... 15 23 22 22 20 19 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 121 119 107 105 147 131 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 197 186 192 167 141 172 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 50 54 62 62 37 62 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 1.7 2.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 147 132 130 106 104 109 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Other services.............................. 104 92 76 81 69 64 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.1

Government................................... 86 77 77 67 79 76 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal...................................... 17 8 10 5 19 7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.2

State and local............................. 69 68 67 61 60 69 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local education.............. 21 32 33 38 33 34 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 48 36 34 24 26 35 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 284 223 228 240 156 239 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.9

South........................................... 580 575 540 525 550 516 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

Midwest........................................ 299 335 284 244 271 301 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

West............................................ 419 273 290 286 286 359 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total............................................... 278 349 379 393 377 391 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 226 287 293 317 300 324 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 2 2 2 1 1 2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3

Construction................................ 14 10 12 9 12 10 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 22 18 23 31 22 31 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 12 16 19 15 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods....................... 8 6 7 12 7 9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 25 47 53 64 56 65 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 4 8 7 3 9 13 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 14 20 26 48 28 23 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 7 19 20 12 19 29 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

Information.................................. 8 13 11 11 13 4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1

Financial activities......................... 29 70 39 41 32 39 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 21 65 37 40 30 34 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 7 5 2 1 2 5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 48 48 64 85 83 94 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Education and health services........... 49 38 48 42 37 41 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 2 5 6 5 8 9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 47 33 42 37 29 32 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 23 21 26 23 31 24 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 3 4 3 5 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 21 17 23 21 26 22 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.............................. 6 21 16 11 13 14 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Government................................... 52 62 85 76 77 68 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 14 13 18 13 14 13 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 38 50 68 63 63 55 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 12 29 34 32 33 24 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 26 21 34 30 30 30 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 48 55 59 74 59 68 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 99 127 160 142 137 153 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest........................................ 61 84 73 92 72 77 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 71 84 86 85 109 94 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 7,207 10,353 11,170 4.9 6.4 7.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,486 9,313 10,163 5.2 6.8 7.5

Mining and logging............................................... 19 31 24 3.4 5.0 4.1

Construction....................................................... 303 301 384 4.1 3.9 5.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 519 725 851 4.1 5.5 6.4

Durable goods.................................................. 294 413 505 3.8 5.0 6.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 225 313 346 4.7 6.2 6.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,226 1,755 1,671 4.3 5.7 5.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 196 256 319 3.4 4.3 5.3

Retail trade..................................................... 656 916 884 4.1 5.4 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 374 583 468 5.5 7.5 6.3

Information........................................................ 166 242 242 5.7 7.6 7.7

Financial activities................................................ 354 448 616 3.9 4.8 6.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 252 334 465 3.7 4.8 6.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 103 114 151 4.5 4.7 6.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,491 1,863 2,105 6.8 7.8 8.9

Education and health services.................................. 1,459 2,083 2,282 5.9 8.0 8.8

Educational services.......................................... 161 197 192 4.6 4.9 5.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,298 1,886 2,090 6.1 8.5 9.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 690 1,516 1,469 5.4 9.3 9.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 93 144 184 5.8 6.6 8.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 597 1,371 1,285 5.3 9.7 9.3

Other services.................................................... 260 350 517 4.7 5.9 8.5

Government.......................................................... 721 1,040 1,007 3.2 4.4 4.4

Federal............................................................. 103 153 107 3.5 5.0 3.6

State and local.................................................... 618 887 900 3.2 4.3 4.5

State and local education..................................... 284 320 323 2.8 2.9 3.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 335 567 577 3.6 6.0 6.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,154 1,817 2,069 4.4 6.4 7.3

South................................................................. 2,937 3,899 4,102 5.3 6.5 6.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,523 2,264 2,480 4.7 6.5 7.2

West.................................................................. 1,593 2,374 2,518 4.6 6.3 6.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 5,461 4,825 6,191 3.9 3.2 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,104 4,593 5,825 4.3 3.6 4.6

Mining and logging............................................... 14 15 18 2.6 2.5 3.1

Construction....................................................... 306 221 259 4.3 3.0 3.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 367 315 500 3.0 2.5 4.0

Durable goods.................................................. 212 179 284 2.8 2.3 3.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 155 136 216 3.4 2.9 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,094 1,132 1,227 4.0 3.9 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 164 125 184 2.9 2.2 3.2

Retail trade..................................................... 642 701 749 4.2 4.4 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 289 306 294 4.5 4.2 4.2

Information........................................................ 100 79 134 3.7 2.7 4.6

Financial activities................................................ 237 160 269 2.7 1.8 3.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 159 103 188 2.4 1.6 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 78 57 81 3.6 2.4 3.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,214 980 1,259 5.9 4.5 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 744 640 927 3.2 2.7 3.9

Educational services.......................................... 136 61 106 4.0 1.6 3.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 608 579 821 3.1 2.9 4.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 812 870 998 6.7 5.9 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 106 95 110 7.0 4.7 5.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 706 775 888 6.7 6.1 7.1

Other services.................................................... 216 181 234 4.1 3.2 4.2

Government.......................................................... 356 232 367 1.6 1.0 1.7

Federal............................................................. 38 39 35 1.3 1.3 1.2

State and local.................................................... 318 193 332 1.7 1.0 1.7

State and local education..................................... 201 91 198 2.0 0.9 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 117 102 134 1.3 1.1 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 766 722 905 3.1 2.7 3.5

South................................................................. 2,265 1,995 2,663 4.3 3.6 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,203 1,071 1,202 3.9 3.3 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,226 1,037 1,421 3.7 3.0 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 5,600 5,645 6,389 4.0 3.8 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,339 5,311 6,062 4.5 4.2 4.8

Mining and logging............................................... 25 16 24 4.7 2.7 4.1

Construction....................................................... 374 350 327 5.3 4.7 4.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 360 355 468 3.0 2.8 3.8

Durable goods.................................................. 212 194 262 2.8 2.5 3.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 149 160 206 3.3 3.4 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,458 1,303 1,602 5.4 4.5 5.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 152 122 168 2.7 2.1 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 825 869 984 5.4 5.4 6.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 480 313 449 7.4 4.3 6.5

Information........................................................ 87 111 139 3.2 3.8 4.8

Financial activities................................................ 240 166 277 2.8 1.9 3.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 158 108 190 2.4 1.6 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 82 58 87 3.8 2.5 3.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,112 1,153 1,186 5.4 5.2 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 705 690 872 3.0 2.9 3.7

Educational services.......................................... 37 63 86 1.1 1.7 2.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 668 626 786 3.4 3.1 3.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 779 935 950 6.4 6.3 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 86 122 115 5.7 5.9 5.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 693 813 835 6.5 6.4 6.7

Other services.................................................... 198 232 216 3.8 4.2 3.9

Government.......................................................... 262 334 327 1.2 1.5 1.5

Federal............................................................. 63 65 50 2.2 2.2 1.8

State and local.................................................... 199 269 277 1.1 1.4 1.4

State and local education..................................... 61 126 129 0.6 1.2 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 138 143 148 1.6 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 861 789 983 3.4 3.0 3.8

South................................................................. 2,285 2,359 2,547 4.4 4.2 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,194 1,244 1,355 3.9 3.8 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,260 1,254 1,504 3.8 3.6 4.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 3,176 3,826 4,077 2.3 2.5 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,048 3,644 3,883 2.6 2.8 3.1

Mining and logging............................................... 8 10 16 1.4 1.7 2.9

Construction....................................................... 129 161 127 1.8 2.2 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 235 240 308 1.9 1.9 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 137 131 161 1.8 1.7 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 97 109 147 2.1 2.3 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 733 1,007 957 2.7 3.5 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 73 93 105 1.3 1.6 1.8

Retail trade..................................................... 528 707 691 3.5 4.4 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 132 208 161 2.0 2.9 2.3

Information........................................................ 41 53 43 1.5 1.8 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 143 104 179 1.6 1.2 2.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 99 64 113 1.5 1.0 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 44 40 66 2.0 1.7 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 624 675 710 3.0 3.1 3.3

Education and health services.................................. 469 508 631 2.0 2.1 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 22 41 58 0.7 1.1 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 446 467 573 2.3 2.3 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 575 754 770 4.8 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 44 67 61 2.9 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 531 687 708 5.0 5.4 5.7

Other services.................................................... 93 131 142 1.8 2.3 2.6

Government.......................................................... 129 182 195 0.6 0.8 0.9

Federal............................................................. 22 24 24 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local.................................................... 106 158 170 0.6 0.8 0.9

State and local education..................................... 36 74 85 0.4 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 70 85 86 0.8 1.0 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 415 518 568 1.7 1.9 2.2

South................................................................. 1,437 1,636 1,725 2.7 2.9 3.1

Midwest............................................................... 688 831 843 2.2 2.6 2.6

West.................................................................. 635 841 941 1.9 2.4 2.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 2,077 1,441 1,828 1.5 1.0 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,999 1,367 1,763 1.7 1.1 1.4

Mining and logging............................................... 15 6 4 2.7 1.0 0.7

Construction....................................................... 231 178 190 3.3 2.4 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 96 89 119 0.8 0.7 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 54 45 70 0.7 0.6 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 42 44 48 0.9 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 695 244 571 2.6 0.8 2.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 74 19 47 1.3 0.3 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 280 139 265 1.8 0.9 1.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 341 86 259 5.3 1.2 3.7

Information........................................................ 35 45 88 1.3 1.5 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 51 38 35 0.6 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 24 23 22 0.4 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 27 16 13 1.3 0.7 0.6

Professional and business services............................ 423 387 351 2.1 1.8 1.6

Education and health services.................................. 171 147 186 0.7 0.6 0.8

Educational services.......................................... 12 16 16 0.4 0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 159 131 170 0.8 0.6 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 183 145 159 1.5 1.0 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 40 49 52 2.7 2.4 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 143 96 107 1.3 0.7 0.9

Other services.................................................... 99 87 60 1.9 1.6 1.1

Government.......................................................... 78 74 65 0.4 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 23 22 10 0.8 0.8 0.3

State and local.................................................... 55 52 55 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education..................................... 17 31 26 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 38 21 29 0.4 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 389 209 336 1.5 0.8 1.3

South................................................................. 720 593 619 1.4 1.1 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 434 331 424 1.4 1.0 1.3

West.................................................................. 535 308 448 1.6 0.9 1.3

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Jan.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 347 378 484 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 292 300 416 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 3 0 3 0.6 0.1 0.5

Construction....................................................... 15 11 11 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 30 25 42 0.2 0.2 0.3

Durable goods.................................................. 20 18 31 0.3 0.2 0.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 10 8 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 30 52 74 0.1 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 5 10 16 0.1 0.2 0.3

Retail trade..................................................... 18 23 29 0.1 0.1 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 7 19 30 0.1 0.3 0.4

Information........................................................ 11 12 8 0.4 0.4 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 46 24 64 0.5 0.3 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 35 22 56 0.5 0.3 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 11 2 8 0.5 0.1 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 65 91 125 0.3 0.4 0.6

Education and health services.................................. 65 35 55 0.3 0.1 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 3 7 12 0.1 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 62 28 43 0.3 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 21 36 21 0.2 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 5 2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 19 31 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 6 14 13 0.1 0.2 0.2

Government.......................................................... 55 78 68 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 17 20 17 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local.................................................... 38 59 51 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education..................................... 9 22 18 0.1 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 29 37 34 0.3 0.4 0.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 55 61 79 0.2 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 133 130 203 0.3 0.2 0.4

Midwest............................................................... 72 82 88 0.2 0.3 0.3

West.................................................................. 88 104 114 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual hires levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 65,585 68,556 69,911 72,635 75,550

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 61,499 64,255 65,505 68,451 71,164

Mining and logging........................................................ 371 447 304 199 237

Construction............................................................... 4,597 4,532 4,994 4,984 4,357

Manufacturing............................................................. 3,986 4,394 4,052 4,810 5,271

Durable goods.......................................................... 2,240 2,511 2,271 2,750 2,937

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,749 1,879 1,780 2,061 2,335

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 12,645 13,666 13,889 15,436 16,118

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,655 1,756 1,776 1,815 2,053

Retail trade.............................................................. 8,474 9,011 9,011 9,822 10,391

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 2,519 2,901 3,099 3,799 3,673

Information................................................................. 1,021 1,091 1,135 978 1,304

Financial activities......................................................... 2,532 2,500 2,653 2,660 2,659

Finance and insurance................................................ 1,659 1,636 1,683 1,667 1,762

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 872 863 971 994 897

Professional and business services.................................... 13,428 13,746 13,785 13,419 14,771

Education and health services.......................................... 7,999 8,503 8,650 9,365 9,374

Educational services................................................... 1,131 1,156 1,160 1,133 1,241

Health care and social assistance................................... 6,866 7,344 7,494 8,232 8,132

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 12,232 12,782 13,432 13,565 14,227

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 2,047 2,215 1,998 1,640 1,960

Accommodation and food services................................... 10,186 10,570 11,434 11,925 12,267

Other services............................................................. 2,688 2,594 2,605 3,033 2,849

Government.................................................................. 4,086 4,301 4,403 4,185 4,385

Federal..................................................................... 380 420 503 887 522

State and local............................................................ 3,704 3,879 3,904 3,297 3,860

State and local education............................................. 1,763 1,997 2,013 1,647 2,075

State and local, excluding education................................ 1,941 1,882 1,890 1,649 1,787

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 10,479 10,488 10,853 11,653 11,366

South.......................................................................... 25,876 27,298 28,247 28,003 30,619

Midwest....................................................................... 14,331 15,187 14,878 15,810 16,479

West........................................................................... 14,899 15,579 15,930 17,168 17,084

1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual hires rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 44.7 46.0 46.3 51.1 51.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 49.5 50.8 51.1 56.9 57.3

Mining and logging........................................................ 54.9 61.5 41.8 33.2 41.8

Construction............................................................... 66.0 62.2 66.6 68.7 58.8

Manufacturing............................................................. 32.0 34.6 31.6 39.5 42.7

Durable goods.......................................................... 28.9 31.6 28.2 36.3 38.3

Nondurable goods...................................................... 37.2 39.6 37.3 44.9 50.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 46.1 49.5 50.1 57.8 58.2

Wholesale trade........................................................ 28.5 30.1 30.2 32.2 36.2

Retail trade.............................................................. 53.5 57.1 57.7 66.0 67.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 43.8 48.5 49.9 61.5 55.4

Information................................................................. 36.3 38.4 39.6 35.9 46.0

Financial activities......................................................... 30.0 29.1 30.3 30.6 30.3

Finance and insurance................................................ 26.5 25.8 26.2 25.7 27.0

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 39.8 38.3 41.8 44.9 39.7

Professional and business services.................................... 65.5 65.6 64.8 66.1 69.5

Education and health services.......................................... 34.5 36.0 35.8 40.2 39.6

Educational services................................................... 30.8 31.1 31.0 32.6 34.6

Health care and social assistance................................... 35.2 36.9 36.7 41.6 40.5

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 76.2 78.4 81.0 103.2 100.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 87.7 93.0 82.0 92.5 99.0

Accommodation and food services................................... 74.3 76.0 80.8 104.8 101.2

Other services............................................................. 46.6 44.5 44.2 56.9 52.2

Government.................................................................. 18.3 19.2 19.5 19.0 19.9

Federal..................................................................... 13.5 15.0 17.8 30.3 18.1

State and local............................................................ 19.0 19.7 19.7 17.3 20.2

State and local education............................................. 17.0 19.1 19.1 16.4 20.5

State and local, excluding education................................ 21.2 20.4 20.4 18.2 19.9

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 38.9 38.5 39.5 45.8 43.8

South.......................................................................... 48.3 50.0 51.0 53.1 56.2

Midwest....................................................................... 44.4 46.8 45.5 51.3 52.1

West........................................................................... 44.0 45.0 45.1 51.8 50.2

1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual total separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 63,500 66,245 68,097 80,778 69,045

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 59,423 62,096 63,852 75,642 65,055

Mining and logging........................................................ 328 393 352 332 205

Construction............................................................... 4,276 4,217 4,870 4,970 4,216

Manufacturing............................................................. 3,811 4,121 4,046 5,378 4,923

Durable goods.......................................................... 2,115 2,287 2,296 3,158 2,713

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,697 1,829 1,748 2,219 2,209

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 12,510 13,522 13,722 16,108 15,096

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,626 1,715 1,742 2,105 1,904

Retail trade.............................................................. 8,532 9,165 9,124 10,345 9,945

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 2,349 2,642 2,854 3,654 3,249

Information................................................................. 1,013 1,057 1,101 1,172 1,101

Financial activities......................................................... 2,383 2,331 2,491 2,729 2,505

Finance and insurance................................................ 1,574 1,529 1,584 1,636 1,716

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 809 805 909 1,091 788

Professional and business services.................................... 13,025 13,301 13,512 13,931 13,644

Education and health services.......................................... 7,561 8,032 8,068 10,364 8,823

Educational services................................................... 1,077 1,125 1,117 1,466 915

Health care and social assistance................................... 6,483 6,905 6,951 8,897 7,908

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 11,910 12,562 13,146 17,071 11,968

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1,975 2,116 1,960 2,262 1,510

Accommodation and food services................................... 9,935 10,442 11,187 14,807 10,458

Other services............................................................. 2,609 2,563 2,543 3,588 2,573

Government.................................................................. 4,078 4,150 4,245 5,138 3,991

Federal..................................................................... 399 403 469 825 544

State and local............................................................ 3,678 3,748 3,774 4,312 3,444

State and local education............................................. 1,793 1,940 1,959 2,434 1,622

State and local, excluding education................................ 1,883 1,809 1,816 1,879 1,822

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 10,302 10,094 10,405 13,497 10,040

South.......................................................................... 25,129 26,320 27,046 30,200 28,429

Midwest....................................................................... 13,834 14,631 14,420 17,956 15,115

West........................................................................... 14,234 15,204 16,223 19,129 15,462

1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual total separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 43.3 44.5 45.1 56.8 47.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 47.8 49.1 49.8 62.9 52.4

Mining and logging........................................................ 48.5 54.1 48.4 55.3 36.2

Construction............................................................... 61.4 57.9 65.0 68.5 56.9

Manufacturing............................................................. 30.6 32.5 31.6 44.2 39.9

Durable goods.......................................................... 27.3 28.8 28.6 41.7 35.3

Nondurable goods...................................................... 36.1 38.6 36.6 48.3 47.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 45.6 49.0 49.5 60.4 54.5

Wholesale trade........................................................ 28.0 29.4 29.6 37.4 33.5

Retail trade.............................................................. 53.8 58.1 58.4 69.6 64.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 40.9 44.1 45.9 59.1 49.0

Information................................................................. 36.0 37.2 38.4 43.1 38.9

Financial activities......................................................... 28.2 27.1 28.5 31.4 28.5

Finance and insurance................................................ 25.1 24.1 24.6 25.2 26.3

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 37.0 35.7 39.2 49.3 34.9

Professional and business services.................................... 63.5 63.5 63.5 68.6 64.2

Education and health services.......................................... 32.6 34.0 33.4 44.5 37.3

Educational services................................................... 29.4 30.3 29.9 42.1 25.5

Health care and social assistance................................... 33.2 34.7 34.0 44.9 39.4

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 74.2 77.1 79.3 129.8 84.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 84.7 88.8 80.4 127.6 76.3

Accommodation and food services................................... 72.4 75.1 79.1 130.2 86.3

Other services............................................................. 45.2 44.0 43.2 67.3 47.2

Government.................................................................. 18.2 18.5 18.8 23.4 18.1

Federal..................................................................... 14.2 14.4 16.6 28.2 18.8

State and local............................................................ 18.8 19.1 19.1 22.6 18.0

State and local education............................................. 17.2 18.6 18.6 24.3 16.0

State and local, excluding education................................ 20.6 19.7 19.6 20.8 20.2

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 38.3 37.0 37.9 53.0 38.7

South.......................................................................... 46.9 48.2 48.8 57.2 52.2

Midwest....................................................................... 42.9 45.0 44.1 58.3 47.7

West........................................................................... 42.0 43.9 45.9 57.7 45.4

1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual quits levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 37,711 40,356 42,193 35,870 47,825

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 35,677 38,191 39,951 33,535 45,456

Mining and logging........................................................ 173 246 179 106 117

Construction............................................................... 1,850 2,059 2,083 1,597 2,198

Manufacturing............................................................. 2,291 2,503 2,492 2,347 3,457

Durable goods.......................................................... 1,261 1,377 1,396 1,274 1,885

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,033 1,125 1,092 1,070 1,572

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 7,878 8,508 8,916 8,313 11,204

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,023 1,068 1,029 1,002 1,334

Retail trade.............................................................. 5,615 5,968 6,236 5,650 7,792

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 1,242 1,475 1,650 1,661 2,077

Information................................................................. 519 568 553 444 626

Financial activities......................................................... 1,365 1,406 1,546 1,314 1,565

Finance and insurance................................................ 908 857 1,004 903 1,045

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 458 549 544 410 522

Professional and business services.................................... 7,457 7,562 7,768 6,639 8,597

Education and health services.......................................... 4,924 5,378 5,537 5,370 6,728

Educational services................................................... 581 581 648 486 613

Health care and social assistance................................... 4,342 4,796 4,888 4,882 6,115

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 7,750 8,452 9,242 6,361 9,413

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 778 921 941 538 843

Accommodation and food services................................... 6,973 7,531 8,301 5,824 8,574

Other services............................................................. 1,470 1,512 1,634 1,046 1,552

Government.................................................................. 2,035 2,165 2,243 2,337 2,372

Federal..................................................................... 179 183 209 236 260

State and local............................................................ 1,858 1,982 2,033 2,101 2,109

State and local education............................................. 935 1,048 1,108 1,191 1,009

State and local, excluding education................................ 923 932 927 909 1,101

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 5,424 5,390 5,706 4,797 6,387

South.......................................................................... 15,319 16,477 17,273 15,213 20,192

Midwest....................................................................... 8,116 8,995 9,199 8,005 10,541

West........................................................................... 8,853 9,492 10,013 7,856 10,708

1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual quits rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 25.7 27.1 28.0 25.2 32.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 28.7 30.2 31.1 27.9 36.6

Mining and logging........................................................ 25.6 33.8 24.6 17.7 20.6

Construction............................................................... 26.5 28.3 27.8 22.0 29.7

Manufacturing............................................................. 18.4 19.7 19.4 19.3 28.0

Durable goods.......................................................... 16.3 17.3 17.4 16.8 24.6

Nondurable goods...................................................... 22.0 23.7 22.9 23.3 33.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 28.7 30.8 32.2 31.2 40.4

Wholesale trade........................................................ 17.6 18.3 17.5 17.8 23.5

Retail trade.............................................................. 35.4 37.8 39.9 38.0 50.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 21.6 24.6 26.6 26.9 31.3

Information................................................................. 18.4 20.0 19.3 16.3 22.1

Financial activities......................................................... 16.2 16.4 17.7 15.1 17.8

Finance and insurance................................................ 14.5 13.5 15.6 13.9 16.0

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 20.9 24.4 23.4 18.5 23.1

Professional and business services.................................... 36.4 36.1 36.5 32.7 40.5

Education and health services.......................................... 21.2 22.8 22.9 23.1 28.4

Educational services................................................... 15.8 15.6 17.3 14.0 17.1

Health care and social assistance................................... 22.2 24.1 23.9 24.7 30.4

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 48.3 51.9 55.7 48.4 66.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 33.3 38.6 38.6 30.3 42.6

Accommodation and food services................................... 50.8 54.1 58.7 51.2 70.7

Other services............................................................. 25.5 25.9 27.7 19.6 28.4

Government.................................................................. 9.1 9.6 9.9 10.6 10.8

Federal..................................................................... 6.4 6.5 7.4 8.1 9.0

State and local............................................................ 9.5 10.1 10.3 11.0 11.0

State and local education............................................. 9.0 10.0 10.5 11.9 10.0

State and local, excluding education................................ 10.1 10.1 10.0 10.1 12.2

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 20.1 19.8 20.8 18.8 24.6

South.......................................................................... 28.6 30.2 31.2 28.8 37.1

Midwest....................................................................... 25.2 27.7 28.1 26.0 33.3

West........................................................................... 26.1 27.4 28.4 23.7 31.4

1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 21,606 21,825 21,893 40,801 17,019

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 20,262 20,564 20,639 38,911 16,137

Mining and logging........................................................ 128 126 154 206 73

Construction............................................................... 2,242 2,003 2,587 3,221 1,863

Manufacturing............................................................. 1,250 1,368 1,311 2,754 1,183

Durable goods.......................................................... 699 752 748 1,721 646

Nondurable goods...................................................... 549 618 563 1,032 536

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 3,739 4,178 4,058 7,162 3,238

Wholesale trade........................................................ 489 503 611 1,029 472

Retail trade.............................................................. 2,296 2,658 2,421 4,368 1,781

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 953 1,020 1,027 1,762 987

Information................................................................. 398 411 464 662 367

Financial activities......................................................... 687 633 640 1,110 537

Finance and insurance................................................ 381 417 319 494 328

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 304 219 317 614 211

Professional and business services.................................... 4,893 4,996 5,045 6,466 4,170

Education and health services.......................................... 2,064 2,102 2,037 4,473 1,602

Educational services................................................... 429 477 404 925 246

Health care and social assistance................................... 1,636 1,625 1,635 3,549 1,357

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 3,850 3,806 3,570 10,412 2,219

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1,156 1,154 982 1,693 628

Accommodation and food services................................... 2,695 2,649 2,587 8,719 1,590

Other services............................................................. 1,015 940 767 2,443 885

Government.................................................................. 1,347 1,261 1,257 1,892 882

Federal..................................................................... 118 90 121 436 121

State and local............................................................ 1,228 1,171 1,137 1,455 759

State and local education............................................. 564 606 556 821 373

State and local, excluding education................................ 661 566 579 631 385

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 4,129 3,934 3,977 8,045 2,950

South.......................................................................... 8,190 8,360 8,264 13,472 6,611

Midwest....................................................................... 4,870 4,792 4,426 9,089 3,688

West........................................................................... 4,416 4,740 5,230 10,195 3,770

1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual layoffs and discharges rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 14.7 14.7 14.5 28.7 11.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 16.3 16.3 16.1 32.4 13.0

Mining and logging........................................................ 18.9 17.3 21.2 34.3 12.9

Construction............................................................... 32.2 27.5 34.5 44.4 25.1

Manufacturing............................................................. 10.0 10.8 10.2 22.6 9.6

Durable goods.......................................................... 9.0 9.5 9.3 22.7 8.4

Nondurable goods...................................................... 11.7 13.0 11.8 22.5 11.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 13.6 15.1 14.6 26.8 11.7

Wholesale trade........................................................ 8.4 8.6 10.4 18.3 8.3

Retail trade.............................................................. 14.5 16.8 15.5 29.4 11.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 16.6 17.0 16.5 28.5 14.9

Information................................................................. 14.1 14.5 16.2 24.3 13.0

Financial activities......................................................... 8.1 7.4 7.3 12.8 6.1

Finance and insurance................................................ 6.1 6.6 5.0 7.6 5.0

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 13.9 9.7 13.7 27.7 9.3

Professional and business services.................................... 23.9 23.8 23.7 31.8 19.6

Education and health services.......................................... 8.9 8.9 8.4 19.2 6.8

Educational services................................................... 11.7 12.8 10.8 26.6 6.9

Health care and social assistance................................... 8.4 8.2 8.0 17.9 6.8

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 24.0 23.4 21.5 79.2 15.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 49.5 48.4 40.3 95.5 31.7

Accommodation and food services................................... 19.6 19.0 18.3 76.7 13.1

Other services............................................................. 17.6 16.1 13.0 45.8 16.2

Government.................................................................. 6.0 5.6 5.6 8.6 4.0

Federal..................................................................... 4.2 3.2 4.3 14.9 4.2

State and local............................................................ 6.3 6.0 5.7 7.6 4.0

State and local education............................................. 5.4 5.8 5.3 8.2 3.7

State and local, excluding education................................ 7.2 6.1 6.2 7.0 4.3

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 15.3 14.4 14.5 31.6 11.4

South.......................................................................... 15.3 15.3 14.9 25.5 12.1

Midwest....................................................................... 15.1 14.8 13.5 29.5 11.6

West........................................................................... 13.0 13.7 14.8 30.7 11.1

1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 21. Annual other separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 4,181 4,067 4,006 4,105 4,199

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 3,483 3,340 3,263 3,194 3,462

Mining and logging........................................................ 27 21 17 19 16

Construction............................................................... 181 154 202 153 158

Manufacturing............................................................. 270 247 244 278 283

Durable goods.......................................................... 154 161 152 165 182

Nondurable goods...................................................... 114 87 89 114 102

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 891 832 748 632 657

Wholesale trade........................................................ 115 145 101 76 98

Retail trade.............................................................. 622 544 467 325 374

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 155 146 177 232 184

Information................................................................. 96 78 85 66 110

Financial activities......................................................... 333 295 303 308 400

Finance and insurance................................................ 282 256 260 240 346

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 48 37 44 68 55

Professional and business services.................................... 679 744 699 827 877

Education and health services.......................................... 571 553 494 522 493

Educational services................................................... 66 68 64 55 59

Health care and social assistance................................... 505 486 427 466 433

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 309 303 333 296 336

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 41 42 36 28 41

Accommodation and food services................................... 271 259 295 263 298

Other services............................................................. 126 113 143 98 136

Government.................................................................. 698 726 743 910 735

Federal..................................................................... 104 125 139 151 163

State and local............................................................ 593 598 603 756 575

State and local education............................................. 292 288 294 420 241

State and local, excluding education................................ 299 311 309 337 336

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 748 768 723 645 698

South.......................................................................... 1,622 1,480 1,507 1,525 1,636

Midwest....................................................................... 848 844 796 861 888

West........................................................................... 965 970 982 1,073 981

1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 22. Annual other separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total.............................................................................. 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.8

Mining and logging........................................................ 4.0 2.9 2.3 3.2 2.8

Construction............................................................... 2.6 2.1 2.7 2.1 2.1

Manufacturing............................................................. 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3

Durable goods.......................................................... 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.4

Nondurable goods...................................................... 2.4 1.8 1.9 2.5 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.4

Wholesale trade........................................................ 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.3 1.7

Retail trade.............................................................. 3.9 3.4 3.0 2.2 2.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 2.7 2.4 2.8 3.8 2.8

Information................................................................. 3.4 2.7 3.0 2.4 3.9

Financial activities......................................................... 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.5 4.6

Finance and insurance................................................ 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.7 5.3

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 2.2 1.6 1.9 3.1 2.4

Professional and business services.................................... 3.3 3.6 3.3 4.1 4.1

Education and health services.......................................... 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.1

Educational services................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance................................... 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 2.1

Accommodation and food services................................... 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5

Other services............................................................. 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.5

Government.................................................................. 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 3.3

Federal..................................................................... 3.7 4.5 4.9 5.2 5.6

State and local............................................................ 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0

State and local education............................................. 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.2 2.4

State and local, excluding education................................ 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.7

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.7

South.......................................................................... 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0

Midwest....................................................................... 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.8

West........................................................................... 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.2 2.9

1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.