For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, August 29, 2023 USDL-23-1890

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2023

The number of job openings edged down to 8.8 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations changed 

little at 5.8 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.5 million) decreased, while 

layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and 

rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the number of job openings edged down to 8.8 million (-338,000), 

while the rate changed little at 5.3 percent. Over the month, job openings decreased in professional and 

business services (-198,000); health care and social assistance (-130,000); state and local government,

excluding education (-67,000); state and local government education (-62,000); and federal government 

(-27,000). By contrast, job openings increased in information (+101,000) and in transportation, 

warehousing, and utilities (+75,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, the number and rate of hires changed little at 5.8 million and 3.7 percent, respectively. The 

number of hires changed little in all industries. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

 4.4

 4.8

 5.2

 5.6

 6.0

 6.4

 6.8

 7.2

 7.6

Jul-21 Jan-22 Jul-22 Jan-23 Jul-23

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, July 2021 - July 2023

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

Jul-21 Jan-22 Jul-22 Jan-23 Jul-23

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, July 2021 - July 2023
- 2 -

by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.

The number and rate of total separations in July were little changed at 5.5 million and 3.5 percent, 

respectively. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in accommodation and food 

services (-132,000). (See table 3.)

In July, the number of quits decreased to 3.5 million (-253,000), while the rate changed little at 2.3

percent. The number of quits declined in accommodation and food services (-166,000); wholesale trade 

(-27,000); and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-17,000). The number of quits increased in state and 

local government education (+18,000). (See table 4.)

In July, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.6 million, and the rate held at 1.0

percent. The number of layoffs and discharges changed little in all industries. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July at 378,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In July, establishments with 1 to 9 employees saw little change in all data elements. Establishments with 

more than 5,000 employees had decreases in their quits rates and total separations rates. (See table 7.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, October 3, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 11,380 9,165 8,827 6,340 5,940 5,773 5,864 5,691 5,483

Total private....................................... 10,266 8,048 7,866 5,935 5,554 5,413 5,523 5,365 5,131

Mining and logging............................. 35 31 26 25 26 27 18 27 24

Construction.................................... 353 386 363 398 372 386 375 318 368

Manufacturing.................................. 885 580 550 434 396 402 414 391 414

Durable goods............................... 523 364 349 239 203 205 223 195 207

Nondurable goods........................... 362 215 202 195 194 197 190 197 207

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,760 1,450 1,493 1,318 1,174 1,191 1,205 1,163 1,136

Wholesale trade............................. 269 269 237 169 143 149 157 149 127

Retail trade................................... 920 737 737 791 717 743 717 699 715

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 571 444 519 359 314 299 332 314 294

Information...................................... 253 159 260 102 79 83 97 86 107

Financial activities.............................. 642 457 497 233 183 201 216 166 174

Finance and insurance..................... 486 328 343 149 109 121 138 105 111

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 156 129 153 84 74 80 78 60 63

Professional and business services......... 2,086 1,534 1,336 1,251 1,113 1,091 1,232 1,123 1,071

Education and health services............... 2,237 1,910 1,800 862 934 852 742 842 766

Educational services........................ 210 173 193 99 104 94 75 94 90

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 2,027 1,737 1,607 763 830 758 666 749 675

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,552 1,166 1,228 1,098 1,057 985 1,030 1,025 872

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 197 162 163 159 182 150 161 161 139

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,355 1,004 1,065 939 874 836 869 865 733

Other services.................................. 463 376 312 214 220 194 194 224 199

Government....................................... 1,114 1,117 962 404 386 360 341 326 352

Federal.......................................... 174 155 128 50 49 46 35 42 38

State and local................................. 940 962 834 354 337 314 306 284 314

State and local education.................. 340 288 226 173 177 152 151 153 169

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 600 674 607 180 160 163 155 131 145

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 6.9 5.5 5.3 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5

Total private....................................... 7.3 5.7 5.6 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.8

Mining and logging............................. 5.3 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 2.9 4.3 3.7

Construction.................................... 4.3 4.6 4.4 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.0 4.6

Manufacturing.................................. 6.4 4.3 4.1 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2

Durable goods............................... 6.1 4.3 4.1 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.5

Nondurable goods........................... 6.9 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.8 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade............................. 4.3 4.3 3.8 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.1

Retail trade................................... 5.6 4.5 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 7.3 5.7 6.7 4.9 4.3 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.0

Information...................................... 7.5 4.9 7.8 3.3 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.8 3.5

Financial activities.............................. 6.6 4.8 5.1 2.6 2.0 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.9

Finance and insurance..................... 6.8 4.6 4.9 2.2 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 6.2 5.1 5.9 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.5 2.6

Professional and business services......... 8.4 6.2 5.5 5.5 4.8 4.7 5.4 4.9 4.7

Education and health services............... 8.4 7.0 6.6 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.0

Educational services........................ 5.2 4.2 4.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 9.0 7.5 7.0 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................ 8.9 6.6 6.9 6.9 6.4 5.9 6.5 6.2 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 7.9 6.2 6.2 6.9 7.4 6.1 7.0 6.5 5.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 9.1 6.6 7.0 6.9 6.2 5.9 6.4 6.1 5.2

Other services.................................. 7.5 6.0 5.0 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Government....................................... 4.8 4.7 4.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5

Federal.......................................... 5.7 5.0 4.2 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.3

State and local................................. 4.6 4.6 4.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6

State and local education.................. 3.2 2.7 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 6.2 6.8 6.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates 

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal 

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special 

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

Total............................................... 11,380 10,320 9,616 9,165 8,827 -338 6.9 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.3 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 10,266 9,291 8,496 8,048 7,866 -182 7.3 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.6 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 35 36 32 31 26 -5 5.3 5.3 4.7 4.6 3.9 -0.7

Construction................................ 353 347 379 386 363 -23 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.4 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 885 668 608 580 550 -30 6.4 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 523 395 379 364 349 -15 6.1 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 362 273 229 215 202 -13 6.9 5.3 4.5 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,760 1,774 1,638 1,450 1,493 43 5.8 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.9 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 269 259 252 269 237 -32 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.3 3.8 -0.5

Retail trade............................... 920 954 816 737 737 0 5.6 5.8 5.0 4.5 4.5 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 571 561 571 444 519 75 7.3 7.1 7.3 5.7 6.7 1.0

Information.................................. 253 181 190 159 260 101 7.5 5.5 5.8 4.9 7.8 2.9

Financial activities......................... 642 565 430 457 497 40 6.6 5.8 4.5 4.8 5.1 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 486 451 306 328 343 15 6.8 6.3 4.4 4.6 4.9 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 156 113 124 129 153 24 6.2 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.9 0.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 2,086 1,718 1,695 1,534 1,336 -198 8.4 7.0 6.9 6.2 5.5 -0.7

Education and health services........... 2,237 2,179 1,905 1,910 1,800 -110 8.4 8.0 7.0 7.0 6.6 -0.4

Educational services.................... 210 168 204 173 193 20 5.2 4.1 4.9 4.2 4.7 0.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 2,027 2,010 1,701 1,737 1,607 -130 9.0 8.7 7.4 7.5 7.0 -0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,552 1,463 1,303 1,166 1,228 62 8.9 8.1 7.3 6.6 6.9 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 197 241 154 162 163 1 7.9 9.0 5.9 6.2 6.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,355 1,222 1,149 1,004 1,065 61 9.1 8.0 7.5 6.6 7.0 0.4

Other services.............................. 463 361 317 376 312 -64 7.5 5.8 5.1 6.0 5.0 -1.0

Government................................... 1,114 1,029 1,120 1,117 962 -155 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Federal...................................... 174 149 181 155 128 -27 5.7 4.9 5.9 5.0 4.2 -0.8

State and local............................. 940 881 938 962 834 -128 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.0 -0.6

State and local education.............. 340 313 338 288 226 -62 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.1 -0.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 600 568 600 674 607 -67 6.2 5.8 6.1 6.8 6.1 -0.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,803 1,629 1,436 1,493 1,522 29 6.2 5.5 4.9 5.1 5.2 0.1

South........................................... 4,292 4,088 4,035 3,785 3,429 -356 7.0 6.6 6.5 6.1 5.6 -0.5

Midwest........................................ 2,439 2,239 2,106 1,918 1,849 -69 6.9 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.2 -0.2

West............................................ 2,847 2,364 2,039 1,970 2,027 57 7.3 6.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 0.1

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

Total............................................... 6,340 6,101 6,231 5,940 5,773 -167 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,935 5,709 5,828 5,554 5,413 -141 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 25 25 29 26 27 1 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.2 0.1

Construction................................ 398 357 361 372 386 14 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.8 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 434 393 451 396 402 6 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.1 0.0

Durable goods........................... 239 209 250 203 205 2 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.5 2.5 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 195 183 201 194 197 3 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,318 1,249 1,325 1,174 1,191 17 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.1 4.1 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 169 178 170 143 149 6 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.5 0.1

Retail trade............................... 791 723 819 717 743 26 5.1 4.7 5.3 4.6 4.8 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 359 348 336 314 299 -15 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Information.................................. 102 81 67 79 83 4 3.3 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.7 0.1

Financial activities......................... 233 229 233 183 201 18 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.2 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 149 151 171 109 121 12 2.2 2.2 2.5 1.6 1.8 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 84 79 62 74 80 6 3.5 3.2 2.6 3.1 3.3 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,251 1,205 1,117 1,113 1,091 -22 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Education and health services........... 862 885 948 934 852 -82 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Educational services.................... 99 101 99 104 94 -10 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 763 784 849 830 758 -72 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.5 -0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,098 1,100 1,077 1,057 985 -72 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.4 5.9 -0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 159 162 150 182 150 -32 6.9 6.7 6.2 7.4 6.1 -1.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 939 938 926 874 836 -38 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Other services.............................. 214 185 221 220 194 -26 3.7 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Government................................... 404 391 403 386 360 -26 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 -0.1

Federal...................................... 50 45 51 49 46 -3 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local............................. 354 346 352 337 314 -23 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local education.............. 173 177 185 177 152 -25 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 -0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 180 169 167 160 163 3 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 921 942 900 884 861 -23 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.1

South........................................... 2,686 2,549 2,631 2,495 2,398 -97 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 1,337 1,303 1,366 1,214 1,196 -18 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.6 0.0

West............................................ 1,396 1,307 1,334 1,347 1,318 -29 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 -0.1

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

Total............................................... 5,864 5,660 5,925 5,691 5,483 -208 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,523 5,306 5,579 5,365 5,131 -234 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 18 20 25 27 24 -3 2.9 3.2 3.8 4.3 3.7 -0.6

Construction................................ 375 377 341 318 368 50 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.6 0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 414 393 445 391 414 23 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 223 199 238 195 207 12 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.5 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 190 194 207 197 207 10 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.3 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,205 1,262 1,346 1,163 1,136 -27 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 157 188 173 149 127 -22 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.1 -0.4

Retail trade............................... 717 739 847 699 715 16 4.6 4.8 5.4 4.5 4.6 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 332 335 326 314 294 -20 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.0 -0.3

Information.................................. 97 71 83 86 107 21 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.8 3.5 0.7

Financial activities......................... 216 207 203 166 174 8 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.9 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 138 136 145 105 111 6 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 78 71 58 60 63 3 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,232 1,041 1,014 1,123 1,071 -52 5.4 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.7 -0.2

Education and health services........... 742 777 889 842 766 -76 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.0 -0.3

Educational services.................... 75 81 89 94 90 -4 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 666 696 801 749 675 -74 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.1 -0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,030 967 1,024 1,025 872 -153 6.5 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.3 -0.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 161 136 141 161 139 -22 7.0 5.6 5.8 6.5 5.6 -0.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 869 830 883 865 733 -132 6.4 5.9 6.3 6.1 5.2 -0.9

Other services.............................. 194 190 210 224 199 -25 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.4 -0.4

Government................................... 341 354 346 326 352 26 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.1

Federal...................................... 35 41 44 42 38 -4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 -0.1

State and local............................. 306 313 303 284 314 30 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 0.2

State and local education.............. 151 158 156 153 169 16 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 155 155 146 131 145 14 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 891 804 864 828 838 10 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 0.0

South........................................... 2,416 2,265 2,604 2,391 2,297 -94 4.2 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,203 1,313 1,218 1,214 1,147 -67 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 -0.2

West............................................ 1,353 1,278 1,239 1,258 1,200 -58 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

Total............................................... 4,016 3,765 4,067 3,802 3,549 -253 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,810 3,569 3,869 3,618 3,341 -277 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 -0.2

Mining and logging......................... 11 10 16 16 16 0 1.9 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 0.1

Construction................................ 195 170 207 180 187 7 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.3 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 280 248 283 258 271 13 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 0.1

Durable goods........................... 155 123 143 123 125 2 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 124 125 140 135 145 10 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.0 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 854 887 913 798 782 -16 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 91 129 115 106 79 -27 1.5 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.3 -0.5

Retail trade............................... 554 544 593 493 534 41 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.4 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 209 213 204 199 169 -30 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.3 -0.4

Information.................................. 47 46 34 48 55 7 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.8 0.3

Financial activities......................... 162 148 133 125 105 -20 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Finance and insurance................. 108 94 92 77 62 -15 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 54 54 41 48 43 -5 2.3 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.7 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 812 594 637 612 605 -7 3.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Education and health services........... 532 577 675 614 553 -61 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.2 -0.2

Educational services.................... 45 58 61 55 51 -4 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 487 519 613 559 502 -57 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 798 766 809 828 645 -183 5.0 4.6 4.9 5.0 3.9 -1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 80 78 83 106 89 -17 3.5 3.2 3.4 4.3 3.6 -0.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 718 687 725 722 556 -166 5.3 4.9 5.1 5.1 3.9 -1.2

Other services.............................. 117 125 163 139 123 -16 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.4 2.1 -0.3

Government................................... 206 195 197 184 208 24 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

Federal...................................... 16 18 20 20 18 -2 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.1

State and local............................. 190 177 177 164 190 26 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.2

State and local education.............. 99 101 97 100 118 18 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 91 76 80 64 72 8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 580 509 549 475 486 11 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.7 0.0

South........................................... 1,705 1,608 1,872 1,683 1,558 -125 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 827 795 809 812 750 -62 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 -0.2

West............................................ 904 853 836 832 756 -76 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0 -0.3

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

Total............................................... 1,497 1,590 1,546 1,551 1,555 4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,424 1,493 1,460 1,464 1,467 3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 4 8 8 11 6 -5 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.7 0.9 -0.8

Construction................................ 163 194 127 122 171 49 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.5 2.1 0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 100 120 142 113 119 6 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.0

Durable goods........................... 46 62 84 61 67 6 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 54 58 58 51 52 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 295 327 387 312 298 -14 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 52 56 52 34 32 -2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 -0.1

Retail trade............................... 139 166 232 180 161 -19 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 104 105 103 97 105 8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.1

Information.................................. 37 14 41 26 39 13 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.5

Financial activities......................... 30 44 50 24 42 18 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 12 28 37 14 25 11 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 18 15 13 11 17 6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 341 394 310 423 362 -61 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.6 -0.2

Education and health services........... 166 151 151 181 159 -22 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1

Educational services.................... 25 21 22 32 33 1 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 140 131 130 149 126 -23 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 222 188 202 183 211 28 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 79 56 55 51 44 -7 3.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8 -0.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 143 131 147 132 167 35 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.3

Other services.............................. 66 53 41 69 60 -9 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Government................................... 72 97 86 87 88 1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

Federal...................................... 5 8 8 8 8 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

State and local............................. 67 89 78 79 80 1 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local education.............. 29 38 37 34 27 -7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 38 52 41 45 53 8 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 258 244 256 269 306 37 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

South........................................... 582 550 616 591 570 -21 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Midwest........................................ 325 446 342 322 313 -9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

West............................................ 331 350 332 369 367 -2 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.0

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

Total............................................... 351 305 313 339 378 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 289 244 250 284 323 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 3 2 1 1 2 1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Construction................................ 17 14 7 16 9 -7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 34 25 20 20 25 5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Durable goods........................... 22 13 12 10 15 5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 11 11 8 10 10 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 57 49 47 52 56 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 15 3 6 8 15 7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2

Retail trade............................... 23 28 23 26 20 -6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 20 17 19 18 20 2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Information.................................. 13 12 8 12 12 0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0

Financial activities......................... 24 14 20 16 28 12 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 18 13 16 15 24 9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 6 1 4 1 4 3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 78 54 66 88 105 17 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1

Education and health services........... 44 49 63 47 54 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services.................... 5 3 5 7 6 -1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 39 47 57 40 47 7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 9 14 13 14 17 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 1 2 3 4 6 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 8 12 10 10 11 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Other services.............................. 11 12 6 16 16 0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

Government................................... 62 61 63 55 55 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Federal...................................... 13 15 15 14 12 -2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.1

State and local............................. 49 46 48 41 43 2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 23 19 22 19 23 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 26 27 26 22 20 -2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 53 50 59 84 47 -37 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

South........................................... 129 108 117 118 169 51 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Midwest........................................ 52 73 66 80 84 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

West............................................ 118 74 70 58 78 20 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June 2023 -

July 2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June 2023 -

July 2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 10,266 9,291 8,496 8,048 7,866 -182 7.3 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.6 -0.1

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,682 1,731 1,439 1,472 1,567 95 7.2 7.6 6.3 6.3 6.7 0.4

10 to 49 employees............... 3,265 2,758 2,559 2,435 2,379 -56 6.7 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.1 -0.3

50 to 249 employees............. 2,898 2,675 2,514 2,303 2,159 -144 7.3 6.2 6.0 5.5 5.2 -0.3

250 to 999 employees............ 1,393 1,193 1,080 1,003 933 -70 8.0 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.4 -0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 733 644 643 566 543 -23 8.6 8.1 7.9 7.1 6.8 -0.3

5,000 or more employees........ 296 291 262 269 284 15 8.0 7.3 6.5 6.4 6.6 0.2

HIRES

Total private.......................... 5,935 5,709 5,828 5,554 5,413 -141 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees.................. 939 852 951 875 862 -13 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.0 3.9 -0.1

10 to 49 employees............... 1,890 1,853 1,863 1,772 1,673 -99 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8 -0.3

50 to 249 employees............. 1,844 1,825 1,803 1,833 1,781 -52 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 -0.1

250 to 999 employees............ 823 775 820 734 724 -10 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.4 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 361 322 305 257 288 31 4.6 4.4 4.1 3.5 3.9 0.4

5,000 or more employees........ 78 82 86 82 85 3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 0.0

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,523 5,306 5,579 5,365 5,131 -234 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.8 -0.2

1 to 9 employees.................. 825 774 805 798 747 -51 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.4 -0.3

10 to 49 employees............... 1,759 1,810 1,958 1,780 1,863 83 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.2 0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 1,719 1,702 1,722 1,668 1,498 -170 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.2 3.8 -0.4

250 to 999 employees............ 843 699 736 749 677 -72 5.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.1 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 318 265 294 296 280 -16 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

5,000 or more employees........ 60 57 63 75 66 -9 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.6 -0.3

QUITS

Total private........................ 3,810 3,569 3,869 3,618 3,341 -277 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 -0.2

1 to 9 employees............... 544 489 626 514 454 -60 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.1 -0.3

10 to 49 employees............ 1,315 1,280 1,420 1,256 1,248 -8 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.8 -0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 1,200 1,161 1,165 1,191 1,022 -169 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.6 -0.4

250 to 999 employees......... 509 440 450 445 420 -25 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 204 165 169 165 157 -8 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 37 34 39 47 40 -7 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,424 1,493 1,460 1,464 1,467 3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 202 218 160 214 236 22 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.1

10 to 49 employees............ 368 437 451 445 506 61 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 447 505 487 419 412 -7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 -0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 300 236 246 260 202 -58 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.2 -0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 94 82 102 107 95 -12 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 12 15 15 18 16 -2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 -0.1

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 289 244 250 284 323 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 79 67 18 70 57 -13 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

10 to 49 employees............ 75 92 87 79 109 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 71 37 70 58 63 5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 34 23 40 43 55 12 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 19 18 24 24 27 3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 10 7 10 9 11 2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Total..................................................................... 12,392 8,885 9,515 7.5 5.4 5.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 11,162 7,736 8,479 7.8 5.4 5.9

Mining and logging............................................... 39 29 28 5.9 4.3 4.2

Construction....................................................... 380 397 385 4.5 4.7 4.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 938 575 567 6.8 4.2 4.2

Durable goods.................................................. 558 365 362 6.5 4.3 4.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 380 210 205 7.2 4.1 4.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,965 1,411 1,650 6.4 4.7 5.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 291 266 242 4.6 4.2 3.8

Retail trade..................................................... 1,067 697 859 6.4 4.3 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 608 448 550 7.9 5.9 7.2

Information........................................................ 261 152 265 7.7 4.7 7.9

Financial activities................................................ 703 427 565 7.2 4.4 5.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 535 300 399 7.4 4.3 5.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 168 127 166 6.5 4.9 6.3

Professional and business services............................ 2,242 1,444 1,424 9.0 5.9 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 2,410 1,775 1,928 9.1 6.6 7.1

Educational services.......................................... 246 166 229 6.5 4.3 5.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 2,164 1,610 1,699 9.5 7.0 7.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,734 1,160 1,339 9.4 6.3 7.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 198 142 159 7.0 4.9 5.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,536 1,017 1,180 9.8 6.5 7.5

Other services.................................................... 489 366 328 7.8 5.8 5.2

Government.......................................................... 1,230 1,149 1,036 5.5 4.8 4.6

Federal............................................................. 184 160 123 6.0 5.2 4.0

State and local.................................................... 1,047 989 914 5.4 4.8 4.7

State and local education..................................... 429 320 279 4.6 3.1 3.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 617 669 635 6.2 6.6 6.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,920 1,445 1,617 6.6 4.9 5.5

South................................................................. 4,820 3,695 3,776 7.8 6.0 6.1

Midwest............................................................... 2,654 1,859 1,955 7.5 5.3 5.6

West.................................................................. 2,997 1,886 2,168 7.6 4.8 5.5

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Total..................................................................... 7,004 6,848 6,227 4.6 4.4 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,533 6,374 5,820 5.0 4.7 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 27 29 28 4.3 4.5 4.4

Construction....................................................... 442 437 435 5.5 5.4 5.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 484 477 446 3.7 3.7 3.4

Durable goods.................................................. 260 238 219 3.3 2.9 2.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 223 239 227 4.5 4.9 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,316 1,210 1,155 4.6 4.2 4.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 192 159 163 3.2 2.6 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 775 793 730 5.0 5.1 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 348 257 262 4.9 3.6 3.7

Information........................................................ 115 84 92 3.7 2.7 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 265 185 228 2.9 2.0 2.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 168 107 130 2.5 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 97 77 97 4.0 3.1 3.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,407 1,249 1,200 6.2 5.4 5.2

Education and health services.................................. 1,007 1,027 980 4.2 4.1 3.9

Educational services.......................................... 131 125 121 3.7 3.4 3.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 876 902 859 4.3 4.2 4.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,229 1,384 1,039 7.4 8.0 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 165 321 148 6.2 11.7 5.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,064 1,063 891 7.6 7.3 6.1

Other services.................................................... 243 293 216 4.2 4.9 3.6

Government.......................................................... 471 474 407 2.2 2.1 1.9

Federal............................................................. 53 46 47 1.8 1.6 1.6

State and local.................................................... 419 428 360 2.3 2.2 1.9

State and local education..................................... 206 167 169 2.3 1.6 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 213 261 190 2.3 2.7 2.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,087 1,093 976 4.0 3.9 3.5

South................................................................. 2,925 2,763 2,577 5.1 4.7 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,438 1,483 1,250 4.4 4.4 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,554 1,509 1,424 4.3 4.1 3.8

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Total..................................................................... 6,461 6,039 6,060 4.2 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,048 5,543 5,638 4.6 4.1 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 19 25 26 3.1 3.9 3.9

Construction....................................................... 397 309 401 5.0 3.8 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 446 408 444 3.4 3.1 3.4

Durable goods.................................................. 237 201 215 3.0 2.5 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 208 207 229 4.2 4.2 4.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,256 1,090 1,152 4.4 3.8 4.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 165 151 130 2.7 2.5 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 762 682 750 4.9 4.4 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 329 257 272 4.6 3.6 3.8

Information........................................................ 99 88 111 3.2 2.8 3.6

Financial activities................................................ 243 165 194 2.7 1.8 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 150 103 116 2.2 1.5 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 93 62 78 3.9 2.5 3.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,317 1,161 1,166 5.8 5.0 5.0

Education and health services.................................. 884 982 897 3.7 3.9 3.6

Educational services.......................................... 98 160 112 2.8 4.3 3.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 786 822 785 3.8 3.8 3.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,148 1,071 1,018 6.9 6.2 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 150 144 141 5.7 5.2 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 998 927 876 7.1 6.4 6.0

Other services.................................................... 239 244 231 4.1 4.1 3.9

Government.......................................................... 413 495 422 2.0 2.2 2.0

Federal............................................................. 37 42 38 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................................... 377 453 383 2.1 2.3 2.1

State and local education..................................... 218 322 239 2.5 3.2 2.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 159 130 145 1.7 1.4 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 961 889 940 3.5 3.2 3.4

South................................................................. 2,690 2,532 2,532 4.7 4.3 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,294 1,290 1,245 4.0 3.9 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,516 1,328 1,342 4.2 3.6 3.6

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Total..................................................................... 4,615 4,097 4,091 3.0 2.6 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,367 3,799 3,836 3.3 2.8 2.9

Mining and logging............................................... 13 17 18 2.1 2.6 2.8

Construction....................................................... 241 191 240 3.0 2.3 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 307 283 296 2.4 2.2 2.3

Durable goods.................................................. 167 131 130 2.1 1.6 1.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 141 152 166 2.9 3.1 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 941 785 841 3.3 2.7 2.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 100 109 85 1.7 1.8 1.4

Retail trade..................................................... 609 496 581 3.9 3.2 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 232 179 175 3.3 2.5 2.5

Information........................................................ 54 46 63 1.7 1.5 2.0

Financial activities................................................ 181 126 115 2.0 1.4 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 120 74 65 1.8 1.1 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 61 53 49 2.5 2.1 2.0

Professional and business services............................ 903 649 690 4.0 2.8 3.0

Education and health services.................................. 631 680 638 2.6 2.7 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 63 85 64 1.8 2.3 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 568 594 574 2.8 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 943 876 793 5.6 5.1 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 98 110 109 3.7 4.0 3.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 846 766 684 6.0 5.3 4.7

Other services.................................................... 152 148 142 2.6 2.5 2.4

Government.......................................................... 248 298 255 1.2 1.3 1.2

Federal............................................................. 17 21 18 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local.................................................... 231 277 237 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local education..................................... 132 205 159 1.5 2.0 1.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 99 73 78 1.1 0.8 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 674 502 590 2.5 1.8 2.1

South................................................................. 1,952 1,832 1,758 3.4 3.1 3.0

Midwest............................................................... 946 874 870 2.9 2.6 2.6

West.................................................................. 1,043 890 873 2.9 2.4 2.4

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Total..................................................................... 1,447 1,553 1,516 0.9 1.0 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,363 1,443 1,423 1.0 1.1 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 4 7 5 0.6 1.1 0.8

Construction....................................................... 138 107 151 1.7 1.3 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 101 105 119 0.8 0.8 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 45 59 67 0.6 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 55 45 52 1.1 0.9 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 254 257 254 0.9 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 49 34 29 0.8 0.6 0.5

Retail trade..................................................... 128 161 148 0.8 1.0 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 76 63 77 1.1 0.9 1.1

Information........................................................ 33 30 35 1.1 1.0 1.1

Financial activities................................................ 36 24 49 0.4 0.3 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 12 16 26 0.2 0.2 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 25 8 23 1.0 0.3 0.9

Professional and business services............................ 317 408 329 1.4 1.8 1.4

Education and health services.................................. 209 248 200 0.9 1.0 0.8

Educational services.......................................... 29 62 40 0.8 1.7 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 180 185 160 0.9 0.9 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 196 179 207 1.2 1.0 1.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 51 30 26 1.9 1.1 0.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 145 150 181 1.0 1.0 1.2

Other services.................................................... 75 79 71 1.3 1.3 1.2

Government.......................................................... 84 110 93 0.4 0.5 0.4

Federal............................................................. 5 7 8 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local.................................................... 79 103 86 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local education..................................... 49 69 41 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 30 34 45 0.3 0.4 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 225 288 294 0.8 1.0 1.1

South................................................................. 602 569 587 1.1 1.0 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 294 320 277 0.9 1.0 0.8

West.................................................................. 325 376 359 0.9 1.0 1.0

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

Total..................................................................... 399 388 453 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 318 301 380 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 2 0.4 0.2 0.3

Construction....................................................... 17 11 9 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 38 20 28 0.3 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 26 10 17 0.3 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 12 10 11 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 61 49 57 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 16 8 16 0.3 0.1 0.3

Retail trade..................................................... 25 25 21 0.2 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 20 16 20 0.3 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 12 12 13 0.4 0.4 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 25 14 30 0.3 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 18 13 25 0.3 0.2 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 8 1 5 0.3 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 96 105 146 0.4 0.5 0.6

Education and health services.................................. 45 55 59 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 6 13 9 0.2 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 39 43 50 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 9 16 18 0.1 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 1 4 6 0.0 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 8 12 12 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other services.................................................... 11 17 18 0.2 0.3 0.3

Government.......................................................... 82 87 73 0.4 0.4 0.3

Federal............................................................. 15 14 12 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 67 73 61 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local education..................................... 37 49 39 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 30 24 22 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 62 99 56 0.2 0.4 0.2

South................................................................. 137 131 188 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 54 95 98 0.2 0.3 0.3

West.................................................................. 147 62 111 0.4 0.2 0.3

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 11,162 7,736 8,479 7.8 5.4 5.9

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 2,045 1,300 1,910 8.6 5.6 8.0

10 to 49 employees................................................. 3,603 2,368 2,571 7.3 5.2 5.4

50 to 249 employees............................................... 3,102 2,290 2,279 7.8 5.4 5.4

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,392 995 919 7.9 5.4 5.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 733 528 529 8.5 6.6 6.6

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 288 255 270 7.7 6.1 6.2

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 6,533 6,374 5,820 5.0 4.7 4.3

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,171 904 1,038 5.4 4.1 4.7

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,094 2,068 1,804 4.6 4.8 4.0

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,948 2,182 1,853 5.3 5.4 4.7

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 862 866 740 5.3 5.0 4.5

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 371 262 290 4.7 3.5 3.9

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 87 93 95 2.5 2.4 2.3

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 6,048 5,543 5,638 4.6 4.1 4.2

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,011 795 930 4.6 3.6 4.2

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,932 1,837 2,045 4.2 4.2 4.6

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,844 1,731 1,612 5.0 4.3 4.1

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 872 795 704 5.4 4.6 4.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 325 298 277 4.1 4.0 3.7

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 63 88 72 1.8 2.2 1.8

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 4,367 3,799 3,836 3.3 2.8 2.9

1 to 9 employees................................................. 702 535 601 3.2 2.4 2.7

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 1,506 1,290 1,426 3.3 3.0 3.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,334 1,257 1,138 3.6 3.1 2.9

250 to 999 employees........................................... 561 492 462 3.5 2.8 2.8

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 223 170 166 2.8 2.3 2.2

5,000 or more employees....................................... 41 55 43 1.2 1.4 1.1

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,363 1,443 1,423 1.0 1.1 1.1

1 to 9 employees................................................. 211 193 251 1.0 0.9 1.1

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 346 462 494 0.8 1.1 1.1

50 to 249 employees............................................. 435 410 400 1.2 1.0 1.0

250 to 999 employees........................................... 278 256 184 1.7 1.5 1.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 81 99 79 1.0 1.3 1.1

5,000 or more employees....................................... 12 23 15 0.3 0.6 0.4

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 318 301 380 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 to 9 employees................................................. 98 67 77 0.5 0.3 0.4

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 79 84 125 0.2 0.2 0.3

50 to 249 employees............................................. 76 63 74 0.2 0.2 0.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 33 47 58 0.2 0.3 0.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 21 29 32 0.3 0.4 0.4

5,000 or more employees....................................... 10 10 13 0.3 0.2 0.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.