1... See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.

COURT OF APPEALS

SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS

FORT WORTH

NO. 2-07-438-CR

TERRY WAYNE PATTERSON APPELLANT

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE

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FROM THE 43RD DISTRICT COURT OF PARKER COUNTY

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MEMORANDUM OPINION1

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Appellant Terry Wayne Patterson challenges the legal and factual

sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction for felony driving while

intoxicated. We affirm.
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Background

Cheriba Heliker testified that she was driving on a rural, two-lane road in

the nighttime when she observed Appellant’s oncoming car approaching with

its headlights off. She said Appellant swerved in and out of his lane. Heliker

testified that a tire on Appellant’s car blew out, and Heliker swerved into the

bar ditch to avoid a collision. She said that she made a u-turn, caught up to

Appellant’s vehicle—which was going ten to fifteen miles per hour and was

“still swerving all over the road”—turned on her flashers, and started honking

her horn. Appellant eventually stopped in a gas station parking lot, got out of

his car, and approached Heliker’s vehicle. Heliker said that Appellant “just kept

mumbling and rambling on,” his speech was slurred, and he smelled of alcohol.

Heliker called 911, and Appellant began to walk away down the road,

staggering “pretty bad[ly]” as he went. Heliker concluded that Appellant was

intoxicated based on training she had received from the Texas Alcoholic

Beverage Commission when she worked for a convenience store. Starr

Jackson, who was riding as Heliker’s passenger, also testified, and her

testimony is essentially the same as Heliker’s. 

Reno Police Officer Jake Sullivan testified that he responded to Heliker’s

call. He found Appellant standing next to a pay phone in the gas station

parking lot. Officer Sullivan said that Appellant’s speech was slurred and slow,
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his eyes were bloodshot and watery, he was swaying as he stood, and his

breath smelled strongly of alcohol. 

Another officer—Corporal Colby Langford—administered the horizontal

gaze nystagmus test. Corporal Langford testified that Appellant exhibited six

out of six possible clues of intoxication. Appellant refused to perform the oneleg-stand test and the walk-and-turn test. Corporal Langford said that he

attempted to administer a portable breathalyser test, but Appellant first

pretended that he could not blow through the breathalyser tube and then blew

the tube off the device. Upon Appellant’s third attempt to blow into the

breathalyser, the device indicated that he had consumed alcoholic beverages.

Corporal Langford testified that Appellant told him he had consumed three

beers. Corporal Langford arrested Appellant for driving while intoxicated. At

the county jail, Appellant refused to submit to another breathalyser test, and

Corporal Langford obtained a search warrant to draw a sample of Appellant’s

blood. Corporal Langford testified in considerable detail that Appellant was

belligerent, combative, and uncooperative throughout the entire encounter;

among other things, Appellant screamed, spat, head-butted the camera

mounted in Langford’s patrol car, and threatened to urinate in the car. 

Lori Whitmarsh, a medical technologist at Weatherford Regional Medical

Center, testified that she drew Appellant’s blood. Raymond Waller, the
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manager of the Department of Public Safety Crime Laboratory in Abilene,

testified that he analyzed the blood sample drawn by Whitmarsh and that

Appellant’s blood contained .22 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters, or close to

three times the legal limit. He testified that to attain a blood alcohol level of

.22, an average person would have to consume twelve beers over the course

of an hour. 

Appellant testified on his own behalf. He denied having consumed any

alcohol on the evening in question before his tire blew out. He testified that he

had an unopened pint of whiskey underneath his van’s back seat. Appellant

said that after he parked the van in the gas station parking lot, he opened the

whiskey and drank half of the bottle in “two gulps.” He testified that after

speaking to Heliker and Jackson, he walked down the road to find the blown

tire’s hubcap and that he drank the rest of the whiskey as he walked.

Appellant said he finished the whiskey and threw the bottle into a dumpster

before the police arrived at the gas station. Appellant first testified that he

drank the whiskey over the course of “thirty minutes, maybe sooner,” but on

cross examination he said that he “did all that in less than 10 minutes.” He

testified that he had lied to the police when he told them he had consumed

three beers. He also admitted that he had lied to the police when he told them,

“I promise you I was not driving.” 
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The jury found Appellant guilty, and the trial court assessed punishment

at twelve years’ confinement. 

Discussion

Appellant argues that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to

prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he was intoxicated while he was driving

his vehicle. 

When reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence to support a

conviction, we view all the evidence in the light most favorable to the

prosecution in order to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have

found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson

v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979); Clayton v. State,

235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). When reviewing the factual

sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, we view all the evidence

in a neutral light, favoring neither party. Neal v. State, 256 S.W.3d 264, 275

(Tex. Crim. App. 2008); Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d 404, 414 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2006). We then ask whether the evidence supporting the conviction,

although legally sufficient, is nevertheless so weak that the factfinder’s

determination is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust or whether conflicting

evidence so greatly outweighs the evidence supporting the conviction that the
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factfinder’s determination is manifestly unjust. Lancon v. State, 253 S.W.3d

699, 704 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008); Watson, 204 S.W.3d at 414–15, 417.

A person commits the offense of driving while intoxicated if the person

operates a motor vehicle in a public place without the normal use of mental or

physical faculties due to the introduction of alcohol or other substances into the

body. Tex. Penal Code Ann. §§ 49.01(2)(A), 49.04(a) (Vernon 2003). The

corpus delicti of driving while intoxicated is that someone drove or operated a

motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. Threet v. State, 157 Tex.

Crim. 497, 498, 250 S.W.2d 200, 200 (1952).

Appellant challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to

support the “while intoxicated” part of the corpus delicti, arguing that there is

no evidence that he was intoxicated while he was driving. Appellant points to

a note sent out by the jury during deliberations on guilt-innocence asking the

trial court, “Your honor, can we find the Defendant guilty of a lesser charge of

public intoxication instead of driving while intoxicated?”—to which the trial

court answered “no”—as an indication that the jury was struggling with the

question of whether Appellant was driving while intoxicated or became

intoxicated after he stopped driving. 

But the jury ultimately resolved the question against Appellant, and the

evidence supports that resolution. Heliker testified that Appellant was swerving
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across the roadway even before his tire blew and driving without his headlights

on. Both Heliker and Jackson testified that he smelled of alcohol, his speech

was incoherent and slurred, and he was staggering immediately after he

stopped his vehicle at the gas station. Neither Heliker nor Jackson saw

Appellant drinking anything after he stopped driving, and neither of them saw

a bottle on his person. Officer Sullivan, who arrived about ten minutes later,

testified that Appellant’s speech was slurred and slow, his eyes were bloodshot

and watery, he was swaying as he stood, and his breath smelled strongly of

alcohol. Shortly thereafter, Appellant exhibited six clues on the horizontal gaze

nystagmus test, failed a breathalyser test, and told Corporal Langford that he

had been drinking beer. From this evidence a jury could reasonably conclude

beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant was not only intoxicated when the

police administered the field tests and took his blood sample, but when he was

driving, too.

The only evidence that Appellant became intoxicated after he stopped

driving came from Appellant himself. The jury is free to accept or reject any or

all of the evidence of either party and any or all of the testimony of any

witness. Hernandez v. State, 161 S.W.3d 491, 500 & n.28, 501 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2005). In this case, the jury rejected Appellant’s testimony that he did

not start drinking until he stopped driving.
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Appellant argues that this case is like Coleman v. State, 704 S.W.2d 511

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st. Dist.] 1986, no pet.). In Coleman, the defendant

was involved in a traffic accident. Id. at 511. The defendant told the officers

he had been driving one of the cars involved in the accident, but the officers

determined that someone else had been in his car, too. Id. During their

investigation, the police noticed that the defendant appeared to be intoxicated,

and he failed a field sobriety test and, later, a breathalyser test. Id. On appeal

from the defendant’s DWI conviction, the court of appeals held,

Here, as appellant argues, there is nothing in the record before us

to show that he operated a motor vehicle while intoxicated.

Testimony indicates that he was intoxicated when the officers

arrived at the scene of the accident, but there is no evidence, other

than his own extrajudicial confession, to show that appellant was

driving the vehicle, and no evidence whatsoever to show that he

was intoxicated at the time he was driving. Therefore, the evidence

is insufficient to support appellant’s conviction for driving while

intoxicated.

Id. at 512. Our case is distinguishable from Coleman because (1) Appellant

judicially admitted through his sworn trial testimony that he was the driver of

the vehicle in question, (2) Heliker testified that Appellant was swerving across

the roadway even before his tire blew out, and (3) Heliker and Jackson testified

that Appellant appeared to be intoxicated immediately following the blowout.

Thus, unlike Coleman, there is some evidence in this case that Appellant was

driving and that he was intoxicated while driving.
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Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, we

hold that a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the

crime beyond a reasonable doubt; thus, the evidence is legally sufficient. See

Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, 99 S. Ct. St 2789; Clayton, 235 S.W.3d at 778.

Viewing the evidence in a neutral light, we hold that it is also factually

sufficient. See Neal, 256 S.W.3d at 275. We therefore overrule both of

Appellant’s points and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

PER CURIAM

PANEL: GARDNER, J.; CAYCE, C.J.; and LIVINGSTON, J.

DO NOT PUBLISH

Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)

DELIVERED: January 22, 2009