For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 12, 2017 USDL-17-1246

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.2 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little changed 

at 5.5 million and 5.3 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and 

discharges rate were little changed at 2.2 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, there were 6.2 million job openings, little changed from June. The job 

openings rate was 4.0 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and 

decreased for government (-58,000). Job openings increased in a number of industries with the largest 

increases occurring in other services (+111,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+70,000), 

and educational services (+26,000). Job openings decreased in health care and social assistance 

(-72,000), state and local government, excluding education (-46,000), and federal government (-21,000). 

The number of job openings was little changed in the regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.5 million in July. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 

number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. The number of hires increased 

for federal government (+9,000), and was little changed for all other industries. The number of hires was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.3 million in July. The total separations rate was 

3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

Total separations increased in federal government (+8,000) but decreased in educational services 

(-19,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.2 million in July. The quits rate was 2.2 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits decreased in educational 

services (-16,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.8 million layoffs and discharges in July, little changed from June. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent in July. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 

private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level increased in federal government (+9,000). 

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July. The other separations level was also little 

changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in professional and business 

services (+31,000) and in information (+6,000), but decreased in wholesale trade (-15,000). In all four 

regions, the number of other separations was little changed. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 63.6 million and 

separations totaled 61.5 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.1 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2017 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, October 11, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,973 6,116 6,170 5,328 5,432 5,501 5,001 5,309 5,332

Total private....................................... 5,416 5,545 5,657 4,948 5,102 5,164 4,674 4,997 5,008

Mining and logging1............................ 13 22 30 23 33 34 24 25 28

Construction1................................... 238 212 232 335 345 366 311 340 373

Manufacturing.................................. 394 419 390 284 324 341 269 315 321

Durable goods1.............................. 231 232 211 169 190 196 160 182 179

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 162 187 179 115 134 145 109 133 142

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,046 1,027 1,079 1,037 1,057 1,026 1,017 1,063 1,012

Wholesale trade1............................ 168 229 202 132 134 140 146 131 141

Retail trade................................... 626 615 625 717 726 697 697 737 690

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 252 183 253 187 196 189 174 196 182

Information1

..................................... 84 102 113 76 68 78 83 67 78

Financial activities.............................. 322 353 354 183 205 202 171 200 197

Finance and insurance..................... 234 285 270 116 132 134 105 130 121

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 88 68 84 66 74 68 66 70 75

Professional and business services......... 1,265 1,171 1,116 1,200 1,191 1,213 1,070 1,182 1,151

Education and health services............... 1,091 1,203 1,156 637 644 673 590 619 611

Educational services1

....................... 107 92 118 83 76 89 90 93 74

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 984 1,111 1,039 554 567 584 500 526 537

Leisure and hospitality........................ 760 819 858 1,019 1,018 1,011 954 980 983

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 112 90 88 172 167 153 143 170 177

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 649 729 769 847 851 858 811 809 807

Other services1................................. 203 218 329 155 218 220 185 206 255

Government....................................... 556 571 513 380 330 337 327 312 324

Federal1

......................................... 91 101 80 41 28 37 37 31 39

State and local................................. 465 471 433 339 302 300 290 282 285

State and local education.................. 167 154 162 171 141 147 131 131 139

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 298 317 271 168 160 153 159 150 146

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6

Total private....................................... 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.9 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.6 4.7 3.6 3.5 3.9

Construction1

................................... 3.4 3.0 3.2 5.0 5.0 5.3 4.6 4.9 5.4

Manufacturing.................................. 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.6

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.4 3.9 3.7 2.5 2.9 3.1 2.3 2.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.7

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.8 3.7 3.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.4

Retail trade................................... 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.3 3.1 4.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.2

Information1

..................................... 2.9 3.6 4.0 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 3.7 4.4 4.1 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.9 3.0 3.7 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4

Professional and business services......... 5.9 5.4 5.1 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.6

Education and health services............... 4.6 5.0 4.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.6

Educational services1

....................... 2.9 2.5 3.1 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.9 5.4 5.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.6 4.9 5.1 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.7 3.8 3.7 7.6 7.4 6.7 6.4 7.5 7.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.6 5.1 5.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.9

Other services1

................................. 3.4 3.7 5.4 2.7 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.6 4.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Government....................................... 2.4 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

Federal1

......................................... 3.2 3.5 2.8 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4

State and local................................. 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.2 3.4 2.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

Total............................................... 5,973 5,785 5,967 5,702 6,116 6,170 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,416 5,244 5,410 5,171 5,545 5,657 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.4

Mining and logging3

....................... 13 25 24 15 22 30 1.9 3.4 3.3 2.1 3.0 4.0

Construction3............................... 238 161 200 163 212 232 3.4 2.3 2.8 2.3 3.0 3.2

Manufacturing.............................. 394 404 365 350 419 390 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.0

Durable goods3

.......................... 231 230 207 201 232 211 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.6

Nondurable goods3

...................... 162 174 158 149 187 179 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,046 948 967 999 1,027 1,079 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8

Wholesale trade3

........................ 168 183 210 185 229 202 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.7 3.3

Retail trade............................... 626 593 566 666 615 625 3.8 3.6 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 252 172 190 149 183 253 4.3 3.0 3.3 2.6 3.1 4.3

Information3................................. 84 83 109 88 102 113 2.9 3.0 3.8 3.1 3.6 4.0

Financial activities......................... 322 327 388 349 353 354 3.7 3.7 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 234 260 283 266 285 270 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 88 68 105 83 68 84 3.9 3.0 4.6 3.7 3.0 3.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,265 1,152 1,093 1,029 1,171 1,116 5.9 5.3 5.0 4.7 5.4 5.1

Education and health services........... 1,091 1,103 1,111 1,109 1,203 1,156 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.8

Educational services3

................... 107 87 91 99 92 118 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 984 1,016 1,020 1,010 1,111 1,039 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 760 735 827 798 819 858 4.6 4.4 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 112 77 66 58 90 88 4.7 3.3 2.8 2.5 3.8 3.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 649 657 761 740 729 769 4.6 4.6 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.3

Other services3

............................. 203 306 327 270 218 329 3.4 5.1 5.4 4.5 3.7 5.4

Government................................... 556 541 557 531 571 513 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.2

Federal3

..................................... 91 91 93 118 101 80 3.2 3.1 3.2 4.0 3.5 2.8

State and local............................. 465 450 464 414 471 433 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2

State and local education.............. 167 163 166 145 154 162 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 298 288 298 269 317 271 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,021 1,033 1,103 1,057 1,059 1,128 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0

South........................................... 2,183 2,160 2,190 2,062 2,234 2,240 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,340 1,349 1,424 1,296 1,467 1,413 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.2

West............................................ 1,429 1,243 1,250 1,288 1,356 1,389 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

Total............................................... 5,328 5,304 5,043 5,459 5,432 5,501 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,948 4,975 4,720 5,126 5,102 5,164 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 23 30 32 38 33 34 3.5 4.3 4.5 5.4 4.6 4.7

Construction................................ 335 372 375 368 345 366 5.0 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.3

Manufacturing.............................. 284 325 314 329 324 341 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7

Durable goods........................... 169 177 164 183 190 196 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 115 147 150 146 134 145 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,037 1,051 969 1,055 1,057 1,026 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 132 129 116 126 134 140 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4

Retail trade............................... 717 725 677 731 726 697 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 187 197 176 198 196 189 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.4

Information.................................. 76 77 58 73 68 78 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.8

Financial activities......................... 183 214 185 220 205 202 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.4

Finance and insurance................. 116 138 119 145 132 134 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 76 66 75 74 68 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,200 1,060 1,006 1,168 1,191 1,213 6.0 5.2 4.9 5.7 5.8 5.8

Education and health services........... 637 679 614 670 644 673 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9

Educational services.................... 83 96 97 101 76 89 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 554 582 518 569 567 584 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,019 967 953 955 1,018 1,011 6.5 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 172 119 151 144 167 153 7.6 5.3 6.7 6.4 7.4 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 847 849 802 811 851 858 6.3 6.3 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.3

Other services.............................. 155 200 213 250 218 220 2.7 3.5 3.7 4.3 3.8 3.8

Government................................... 380 329 324 332 330 337 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 41 34 34 29 28 37 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3

State and local............................. 339 295 290 303 302 300 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education.............. 171 143 140 146 141 147 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 168 152 150 157 160 153 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 815 864 888 1,017 902 901 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.3

South........................................... 2,085 2,057 1,963 2,109 2,118 2,103 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,199 1,131 1,083 1,167 1,256 1,299 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.0

West............................................ 1,230 1,252 1,110 1,165 1,157 1,198 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

Total............................................... 5,001 5,198 5,008 5,245 5,309 5,332 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,674 4,882 4,681 4,914 4,997 5,008 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 24 25 23 31 25 28 3.6 3.6 3.3 4.3 3.5 3.9

Construction................................ 311 374 377 341 340 373 4.6 5.4 5.5 5.0 4.9 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 269 318 317 325 315 321 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6

Durable goods........................... 160 173 162 171 182 179 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 109 146 155 153 133 142 2.3 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,017 1,063 948 1,051 1,063 1,012 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 146 132 116 116 131 141 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4

Retail trade............................... 697 745 663 747 737 690 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 174 186 168 187 196 182 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.2

Information.................................. 83 79 74 79 67 78 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.8

Financial activities......................... 171 201 184 213 200 197 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 105 126 110 132 130 121 1.7 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 75 74 81 70 75 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,070 1,033 1,001 1,116 1,182 1,151 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.7 5.6

Education and health services........... 590 635 594 625 619 611 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6

Educational services.................... 90 90 86 92 93 74 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 500 545 508 532 526 537 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 954 966 943 942 980 983 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 143 137 133 137 170 177 6.4 6.1 5.9 6.1 7.5 7.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 811 829 810 804 809 807 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9

Other services.............................. 185 188 220 192 206 255 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.6 4.4

Government................................... 327 315 328 331 312 324 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

Federal...................................... 37 37 34 26 31 39 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.4

State and local............................. 290 278 293 305 282 285 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5

State and local education.............. 131 130 147 139 131 139 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 159 148 147 166 150 146 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 832 816 808 839 865 881 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3

South........................................... 1,976 2,057 1,992 2,190 2,164 2,139 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,095 1,162 1,044 1,096 1,143 1,214 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7

West............................................ 1,099 1,163 1,165 1,119 1,138 1,097 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

Total............................................... 3,031 3,138 3,044 3,206 3,130 3,164 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,862 2,962 2,887 3,035 2,966 2,998 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4

Mining and logging......................... 11 13 11 14 15 18 1.7 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.5

Construction................................ 127 164 159 142 135 147 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 148 183 178 202 197 189 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5

Durable goods........................... 82 94 94 104 108 107 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 66 89 84 98 90 82 1.4 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 652 678 581 675 641 663 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 93 76 72 72 74 88 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5

Retail trade............................... 466 498 420 498 462 462 2.9 3.1 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 93 105 89 104 105 112 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0

Information.................................. 40 43 37 31 37 44 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.6

Financial activities......................... 102 105 111 131 105 113 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3

Finance and insurance................. 62 71 71 80 61 72 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 41 34 40 52 44 41 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 604 618 630 616 634 610 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9

Education and health services........... 396 426 402 421 422 402 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7

Educational services.................... 50 48 45 45 49 33 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 345 379 357 376 373 369 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 652 649 667 690 648 654 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 65 76 77 67 63 53 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 587 573 590 623 585 600 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.4

Other services3

............................. 129 83 111 112 132 159 2.3 1.4 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.8

Government................................... 169 176 157 172 164 166 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Federal...................................... 13 16 14 11 14 14 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 155 159 143 160 151 152 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 70 72 75 78 76 80 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 85 87 67 83 75 72 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 438 419 446 472 458 438 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

South........................................... 1,227 1,308 1,220 1,311 1,281 1,330 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5

Midwest........................................ 656 695 639 691 661 714 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2

West............................................ 710 715 740 733 730 683 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

Total............................................... 1,609 1,661 1,605 1,673 1,806 1,783 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,508 1,582 1,500 1,577 1,713 1,677 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 8 8 9 13 7 8 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.0 1.1

Construction................................ 164 197 207 187 194 215 2.4 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.1

Manufacturing.............................. 95 112 117 103 95 108 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

Durable goods........................... 62 67 55 59 61 57 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 33 44 63 44 34 51 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 280 303 282 283 317 270 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 38 45 33 36 32 43 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7

Retail trade............................... 176 195 183 184 208 168 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 66 63 66 63 77 60 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1

Information.................................. 29 28 24 33 25 22 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8

Financial activities......................... 47 70 45 51 63 62 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 24 32 19 25 42 31 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 23 38 25 26 22 31 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 410 325 315 440 488 450 2.0 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.2

Education and health services........... 149 161 158 168 153 160 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 31 36 37 40 34 33 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 119 126 121 129 119 127 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 269 278 247 222 309 298 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 76 58 54 67 106 122 3.4 2.6 2.4 3.0 4.7 5.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 193 220 194 155 203 177 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.3

Other services.............................. 56 100 96 76 62 83 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.4

Government................................... 101 79 104 97 93 107 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

Federal...................................... 12 11 11 9 8 17 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6

State and local............................. 89 69 94 88 85 90 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local education.............. 42 32 42 37 33 38 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 47 36 52 51 52 53 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 326 327 295 303 345 368 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4

South........................................... 609 601 646 751 730 676 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3

Midwest........................................ 361 368 333 321 408 421 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3

West............................................ 312 365 331 298 322 319 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017p

Total............................................... 362 399 359 365 373 384 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 304 338 293 303 318 333 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 4 4 3 3 3 3 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Construction3

............................... 20 13 11 13 12 10 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 26 23 21 19 23 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 17 11 13 8 13 14 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 9 12 8 11 10 9 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 84 82 84 93 105 80 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 15 12 11 8 25 10 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2

Retail trade............................... 55 52 60 65 67 60 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 15 18 13 20 14 10 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information3................................. 13 9 13 15 5 11 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4

Financial activities......................... 22 25 28 30 32 21 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 20 22 20 27 27 18 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 2 3 8 3 4 3 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 55 90 57 60 60 91 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 45 48 34 36 44 49 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 9 7 4 8 10 8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 36 41 30 28 34 41 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 32 40 29 29 22 31 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 2 3 3 3 2 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 30 37 26 26 21 29 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 1 5 13 4 12 13 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Government................................... 58 60 66 63 55 51 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal...................................... 11 10 9 6 8 8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 46 50 57 57 46 43 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 19 25 29 24 23 21 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 27 25 28 33 23 21 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 68 70 67 65 61 76 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 140 148 126 128 154 134 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 78 98 72 84 73 80 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 77 82 94 88 85 95 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Total..................................................................... 6,254 6,075 6,502 4.2 4.0 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,654 5,470 5,937 4.4 4.2 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 13 22 30 1.9 2.9 4.0

Construction....................................................... 238 212 232 3.3 2.9 3.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 394 419 390 3.1 3.2 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 231 232 211 2.9 2.9 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 162 187 179 3.3 3.8 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,127 992 1,170 4.0 3.5 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 168 229 202 2.8 3.7 3.3

Retail trade..................................................... 707 580 715 4.3 3.5 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 252 183 253 4.4 3.1 4.3

Information........................................................ 84 102 113 2.9 3.6 4.0

Financial activities................................................ 330 351 360 3.8 4.0 4.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 242 283 276 3.8 4.3 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 68 84 3.8 2.9 3.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,295 1,191 1,157 6.0 5.4 5.3

Education and health services.................................. 1,163 1,146 1,230 5.0 4.8 5.1

Educational services.......................................... 107 92 118 3.2 2.6 3.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,057 1,054 1,112 5.3 5.1 5.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 806 819 927 4.7 4.7 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 102 87 86 3.8 3.3 3.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 704 732 841 4.9 5.0 5.6

Other services.................................................... 203 218 329 3.4 3.6 5.3

Government.......................................................... 600 605 565 2.8 2.6 2.6

Federal............................................................. 91 101 80 3.1 3.4 2.8

State and local.................................................... 508 504 485 2.7 2.5 2.6

State and local education..................................... 210 187 214 2.3 1.8 2.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 298 317 271 3.1 3.3 2.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,061 1,017 1,188 3.8 3.6 4.2

South................................................................. 2,289 2,239 2,373 4.2 4.0 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,402 1,445 1,469 4.2 4.2 4.3

West.................................................................. 1,501 1,374 1,472 4.4 3.9 4.2

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,731 6,204 5,970 4.0 4.2 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,323 5,770 5,608 4.3 4.6 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 24 38 35 3.5 5.3 4.9

Construction....................................................... 396 406 438 5.7 5.7 6.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 311 399 382 2.5 3.2 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 179 233 214 2.3 3.0 2.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 132 166 168 2.8 3.5 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,050 1,049 1,029 3.9 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 148 152 159 2.5 2.6 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 710 719 686 4.5 4.5 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 191 178 185 3.5 3.2 3.3

Information........................................................ 81 79 83 2.9 2.9 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 204 247 226 2.4 2.9 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 133 159 153 2.2 2.5 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 71 88 72 3.2 3.9 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,244 1,287 1,280 6.1 6.2 6.1

Education and health services.................................. 731 703 778 3.3 3.1 3.4

Educational services.......................................... 104 90 111 3.2 2.6 3.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 627 614 667 3.3 3.1 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,085 1,269 1,093 6.6 7.6 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 170 279 155 6.5 10.8 5.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 915 991 937 6.6 7.1 6.7

Other services.................................................... 197 293 264 3.4 5.0 4.5

Government.......................................................... 408 435 362 1.9 2.0 1.7

Federal............................................................. 36 33 34 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local.................................................... 372 401 328 2.0 2.1 1.8

State and local education..................................... 177 116 151 2.0 1.2 1.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 195 285 177 2.1 3.1 1.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 895 1,056 984 3.4 3.9 3.6

South................................................................. 2,254 2,319 2,282 4.3 4.3 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,210 1,480 1,351 3.8 4.5 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,372 1,349 1,352 4.2 4.0 4.0

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,378 5,499 5,695 3.7 3.7 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,975 5,020 5,302 4.0 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 26 24 31 3.9 3.4 4.3

Construction....................................................... 326 297 394 4.7 4.2 5.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 287 330 339 2.3 2.6 2.7

Durable goods.................................................. 176 190 201 2.3 2.4 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 111 140 138 2.4 3.0 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,050 1,027 1,046 3.9 3.7 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 153 130 152 2.6 2.2 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 714 709 703 4.5 4.5 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 183 187 191 3.3 3.3 3.4

Information........................................................ 89 65 84 3.2 2.4 3.0

Financial activities................................................ 170 199 198 2.0 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 103 131 119 1.7 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 66 68 78 3.0 3.1 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,098 1,186 1,197 5.4 5.7 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 713 735 725 3.2 3.2 3.2

Educational services.......................................... 132 173 107 4.1 5.1 3.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 581 562 619 3.0 2.9 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,023 952 1,021 6.2 5.7 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 125 125 132 4.8 4.9 5.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 899 827 888 6.5 5.9 6.3

Other services.................................................... 192 205 267 3.3 3.5 4.6

Government.......................................................... 403 479 393 1.9 2.2 1.9

Federal............................................................. 31 27 33 1.1 1.0 1.2

State and local.................................................... 372 452 360 2.0 2.3 2.0

State and local education..................................... 205 298 212 2.3 3.0 2.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 167 154 149 1.8 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 894 859 943 3.4 3.2 3.5

South................................................................. 2,139 2,293 2,316 4.1 4.3 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,123 1,157 1,247 3.5 3.5 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,222 1,190 1,188 3.7 3.5 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Total..................................................................... 3,456 3,323 3,598 2.4 2.3 2.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,244 3,075 3,387 2.6 2.5 2.7

Mining and logging............................................... 13 15 21 2.0 2.0 2.9

Construction....................................................... 161 139 185 2.3 2.0 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 171 211 216 1.4 1.7 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 96 115 128 1.2 1.5 1.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 76 96 88 1.6 2.1 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 692 644 710 2.5 2.3 2.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 98 78 97 1.7 1.3 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 489 462 482 3.1 2.9 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 106 104 130 1.9 1.8 2.3

Information........................................................ 45 36 50 1.6 1.3 1.8

Financial activities................................................ 107 110 120 1.3 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 66 66 78 1.1 1.1 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 41 44 41 1.8 2.0 1.8

Professional and business services............................ 680 648 686 3.4 3.1 3.3

Education and health services.................................. 480 472 478 2.2 2.1 2.1

Educational services.......................................... 73 79 48 2.2 2.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 407 394 430 2.1 2.0 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 766 669 764 4.7 4.0 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 85 66 67 3.3 2.6 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 681 602 696 4.9 4.3 4.9

Other services.................................................... 129 132 159 2.2 2.3 2.7

Government.......................................................... 211 248 212 1.0 1.1 1.0

Federal............................................................. 14 14 14 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 198 234 198 1.1 1.2 1.1

State and local education..................................... 101 153 118 1.1 1.5 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 97 81 81 1.0 0.9 0.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 501 472 497 1.9 1.7 1.8

South................................................................. 1,397 1,381 1,524 2.7 2.6 2.9

Midwest............................................................... 736 692 802 2.3 2.1 2.5

West.................................................................. 822 777 775 2.5 2.3 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Total..................................................................... 1,546 1,769 1,704 1.1 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,429 1,642 1,587 1.2 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 8 7 8 1.2 1.0 1.0

Construction....................................................... 145 147 199 2.1 2.1 2.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 89 96 99 0.7 0.8 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 63 61 58 0.8 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 26 35 41 0.6 0.7 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 263 289 245 1.0 1.1 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 38 32 43 0.6 0.5 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 163 187 151 1.0 1.2 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 62 70 51 1.1 1.2 0.9

Information........................................................ 31 25 23 1.1 0.9 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 45 55 62 0.5 0.6 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 21 36 28 0.3 0.6 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 23 19 34 1.1 0.9 1.5

Professional and business services............................ 372 483 431 1.8 2.3 2.1

Education and health services.................................. 187 218 199 0.8 1.0 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 50 84 51 1.6 2.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 137 134 148 0.7 0.7 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 225 260 226 1.4 1.6 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 38 57 63 1.5 2.2 2.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 187 204 163 1.4 1.5 1.2

Other services.................................................... 63 61 95 1.1 1.0 1.6

Government.......................................................... 118 127 117 0.6 0.6 0.6

Federal............................................................. 8 5 11 0.3 0.2 0.4

State and local.................................................... 110 122 106 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local education..................................... 71 76 62 0.8 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 40 46 44 0.4 0.5 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 320 319 364 1.2 1.2 1.3

South................................................................. 595 740 657 1.1 1.4 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 309 389 366 1.0 1.2 1.1

West.................................................................. 322 321 318 1.0 1.0 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

July

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Total..................................................................... 376 408 393 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 302 304 329 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 5 2 3 0.7 0.3 0.4

Construction....................................................... 20 12 10 0.3 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 27 24 24 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 18 14 15 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 9 10 9 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 94 93 91 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 17 19 12 0.3 0.3 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 62 60 69 0.4 0.4 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 14 10 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 13 5 11 0.5 0.2 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 18 34 16 0.2 0.4 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 16 29 13 0.3 0.5 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 2 4 3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 46 55 80 0.2 0.3 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 45 44 49 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 9 10 8 0.3 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 36 34 41 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 32 22 31 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 2 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 30 21 29 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services.................................................... 1 12 13 0.0 0.2 0.2

Government.......................................................... 74 104 64 0.4 0.5 0.3

Federal............................................................. 10 7 8 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 64 96 56 0.4 0.5 0.3

State and local education..................................... 33 69 32 0.4 0.7 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 31 27 24 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 73 68 82 0.3 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 147 172 136 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 77 76 79 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 79 92 96 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.