Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-18-0508 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 6, 2018.

Technical information: 

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MARCH 2018 

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 103,000 in March, and the unemployment rate was 

unchanged at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in 

manufacturing, health care, and mining. 

Household Survey Data 

In March, the unemployment rate was 4.1 percent for the sixth consecutive month, and the number of

unemployed persons, at 6.6 million, changed little. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women 

(3.7 percent), teenagers (13.5 percent), Whites (3.6 percent), Blacks (6.9 percent), Asians (3.1 percent), 

and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little or no change in March. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

At 1.3 million, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little 

changed in March and accounted for 20.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number of longterm unemployed was down by 338,000. (See table A-12.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, March 2016 – March 2018

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

March 2016 – March 2018

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18
-2- 

The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, changed little in March, and the employmentpopulation ratio held at 60.4 percent. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.0 million in March. These individuals, who would 

have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or 

because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In March, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year 

earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 450,000 discouraged workers in March, essentially 

unchanged from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.0 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in March had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 103,000 in March, following a large gain in February 

(+326,000). In March, employment grew in manufacturing, health care, and mining. (See table B-1.) 

In March, employment in manufacturing rose by 22,000, with all of the gain in the durable goods 

component. Employment in fabricated metal products increased over the month (+9,000). Over the year, 

manufacturing has added 232,000 jobs; the durable goods component accounted for about three-fourths 

of the jobs added. 

In March, health care added 22,000 jobs, about in line with its average monthly gain over the prior 12 

months. Employment continued to trend up over the month in ambulatory health care services (+16,000) 

and hospitals (+10,000). 

Employment in mining increased by 9,000 in March, with gains occurring in support activities for 

mining (+6,000) and in oil and gas extraction (+2,000). Mining employment has risen by 78,000 since a 

recent low in October 2016. 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in March (+33,000) and has 

risen by 502,000 over the year. 

Retail trade employment changed little in March (-4,000), after increasing by 47,000 in February. In 

March, employment declined by 13,000 in general merchandise stores, offsetting a gain of the same size 

in February. Over the year, employment in retail trade has shown little net change. 

In March, employment in construction also changed little (-15,000), following a large gain in February 

(+65,000). 
-3- 

Employment changed little over the month in other major industries, including wholesale trade, 

transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and 

government. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in 

March. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.9 hours; overtime edged down 

by 0.1 hour to 3.6 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents to 

$26.82. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 71 cents, or 2.7 percent. Average 

hourly earnings for private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents to 

$22.42 in March. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised down from +239,000 to 

+176,000, and the change for February was revised up from +313,000 to +326,000. With these 

revisions, employment gains in January and February combined were 50,000 less than previously 

reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government 

agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After 

revisions, job gains have averaged 202,000 over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 4, 2018, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT). 

 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Change from:

Feb. 2018-

Mar. 2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 254,414 256,780 256,934 257,097 163

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,235 161,115 161,921 161,763 -158

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.0 62.7 63.0 62.9 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 153,064 154,430 155,215 155,178 -37

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.2 60.1 60.4 60.4 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 7,171 6,684 6,706 6,585 -121

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,179 95,665 95,012 95,335 323

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.7 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.6 13.9 14.4 13.5 -0.9

White.......................................................................... 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 8.0 7.7 6.9 6.9 0.0

Asian.......................................................................... 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1 0.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 0.2

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 6.6 5.4 5.7 5.5 -0.2

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.6 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,516 3,273 3,279 3,146 -133

Job leavers...................................................................... 793 716 780 864 84

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,064 1,958 1,948 1,967 19

New entrants.................................................................... 769 645 704 625 -79

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,296 2,280 2,508 2,287 -221

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,088 1,943 1,906 2,009 103

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,064 981 934 880 -54

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,660 1,421 1,397 1,322 -75

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,500 4,989 5,160 5,019 -141

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,377 3,009 3,302 3,005 -297

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,833 1,663 1,541 1,625 84

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,706 20,867 21,061 21,399 338

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,595 1,653 1,602 1,454 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 460 451 373 450 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 176 326 103

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 188 320 102

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 55 106 15

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 9 8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 28 65 -15

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 20 32 22

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 28 22

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 0.3 4.9 3.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 4 0

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 133 214 87

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3.6 6.9 7.1 11.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -31.8 11.9 47.3 -4.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 15.3 18.0 9.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 -0.9 1.8 4.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 -16 -2 2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 30 2

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 38 55 33

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 -1.7 21.0 -0.6

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 50 28 25

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 30.1 40.7 33.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 21 23 5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 3 6 -1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -12 6 1

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 189 226 202

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 193 227 203

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.1 48.2 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.11 $26.71 $26.74 $26.82

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $895.57 $918.82 $922.53 $925.29

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.5 108.3 108.9 109.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 -0.2 0.6 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.9 138.3 139.3 139.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 57.2 71.1 62.6

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 55.9 73.7 63.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,414 256,934 257,097 254,414 255,949 256,109 256,780 256,934 257,097

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,912 161,494 161,548 160,235 160,533 160,597 161,115 161,921 161,763

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.9 62.8 63.0 62.7 62.7 62.7 63.0 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,628 154,403 154,877 153,064 153,917 154,021 154,430 155,215 155,178

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.2 60.1 60.1 60.1 60.4 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,284 7,091 6,671 7,171 6,616 6,576 6,684 6,706 6,585

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,502 95,439 95,549 94,179 95,416 95,512 95,665 95,012 95,335

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,507 5,152 4,793 5,772 5,265 5,308 5,171 5,131 5,096

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,945 124,250 124,331 122,945 123,707 123,786 124,173 124,250 124,331

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,718 85,806 85,924 85,027 85,221 85,354 85,931 86,267 86,169

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 69.1 69.1 69.2 68.9 69.0 69.2 69.4 69.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,546 81,829 82,151 81,121 81,666 81,821 82,274 82,685 82,630

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.9 66.1 66.0 66.0 66.1 66.3 66.5 66.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,172 3,977 3,773 3,906 3,555 3,533 3,658 3,582 3,539

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,227 38,444 38,407 37,919 38,486 38,432 38,242 37,983 38,162

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,455 115,748 115,832 114,455 115,212 115,292 115,669 115,748 115,832

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,924 83,053 83,162 82,007 82,375 82,548 82,928 83,309 83,200

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.8 71.8 71.7 71.5 71.6 71.7 72.0 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,172 79,552 79,810 78,548 79,324 79,431 79,705 80,213 80,113

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 68.7 68.9 68.6 68.9 68.9 68.9 69.3 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,752 3,501 3,352 3,459 3,050 3,117 3,223 3,096 3,087

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,531 32,695 32,670 32,448 32,837 32,745 32,741 32,440 32,632

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,469 132,684 132,766 131,469 132,242 132,323 132,607 132,684 132,766

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,194 75,688 75,624 75,209 75,312 75,243 75,183 75,654 75,594

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.0 57.0 57.2 57.0 56.9 56.7 57.0 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,082 72,574 72,726 71,943 72,251 72,200 72,157 72,530 72,548

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 54.7 54.8 54.7 54.6 54.6 54.4 54.7 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,112 3,114 2,898 3,266 3,061 3,043 3,027 3,124 3,046

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,275 56,996 57,142 56,260 56,930 57,080 57,423 57,030 57,172

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,212 124,407 124,491 123,212 123,975 124,057 124,328 124,407 124,491

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,354 72,791 72,780 72,233 72,302 72,293 72,210 72,565 72,610

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.3 58.3 58.1 58.3 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,559 70,029 70,178 69,337 69,665 69,614 69,583 69,828 69,916

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 56.3 56.4 56.3 56.2 56.1 56.0 56.1 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,795 2,762 2,602 2,896 2,637 2,679 2,627 2,737 2,695

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,858 51,616 51,711 50,979 51,673 51,764 52,118 51,842 51,880

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,747 16,778 16,774 16,747 16,762 16,760 16,783 16,778 16,774

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,634 5,650 5,606 5,995 5,857 5,757 5,977 6,048 5,952

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 33.7 33.4 35.8 34.9 34.4 35.6 36.0 35.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,897 4,822 4,889 5,179 4,928 4,977 5,143 5,174 5,149

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 28.7 29.1 30.9 29.4 29.7 30.6 30.8 30.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 828 717 816 929 780 834 874 803

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 14.7 12.8 13.6 15.9 13.6 13.9 14.4 13.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,113 11,128 11,169 10,752 10,906 11,003 10,806 10,731 10,822

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,604 199,799 199,871 198,604 199,386 199,458 199,738 199,799 199,871

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,804 125,658 125,508 125,050 125,110 125,200 125,334 125,930 125,714

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.9 62.8 63.0 62.7 62.8 62.7 63.0 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,831 120,646 120,946 120,187 120,514 120,551 120,886 121,274 121,236

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 60.4 60.5 60.5 60.4 60.4 60.5 60.7 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,974 5,012 4,562 4,863 4,596 4,649 4,447 4,656 4,478

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,799 74,141 74,363 73,553 74,276 74,258 74,405 73,869 74,157

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,125 65,802 65,889 65,203 65,394 65,511 65,732 65,948 65,928

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 72.0 72.0 71.8 71.7 71.8 71.9 72.1 72.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,548 63,185 63,507 62,838 63,282 63,307 63,510 63,683 63,734

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 69.1 69.4 69.2 69.4 69.4 69.5 69.6 69.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,576 2,617 2,382 2,365 2,112 2,204 2,222 2,265 2,194

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,297 55,465 55,271 55,178 55,147 55,161 54,896 55,243 55,176

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 57.8 57.5 57.8 57.5 57.5 57.2 57.5 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,413 53,640 53,543 53,233 53,342 53,275 53,255 53,448 53,385

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.9 55.7 55.7 55.6 55.5 55.5 55.7 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,883 1,825 1,727 1,945 1,805 1,886 1,641 1,795 1,791

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,383 4,392 4,348 4,669 4,569 4,528 4,705 4,738 4,610

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5 35.6 35.3 37.8 37.0 36.7 38.1 38.4 37.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,869 3,822 3,895 4,116 3,891 3,970 4,121 4,143 4,117

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3 31.0 31.6 33.3 31.5 32.2 33.4 33.6 33.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 570 453 553 678 559 584 595 492

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 13.0 10.4 11.8 14.8 12.3 12.4 12.6 10.7

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,128 32,607 32,638 32,128 32,404 32,436 32,575 32,607 32,638

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,898 20,360 20,347 19,997 20,175 20,153 20,211 20,495 20,466

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.4 62.3 62.2 62.3 62.1 62.0 62.9 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,296 18,928 18,955 18,405 18,718 18,790 18,663 19,087 19,051

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 58.1 58.1 57.3 57.8 57.9 57.3 58.5 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,602 1,432 1,392 1,592 1,457 1,362 1,548 1,408 1,415

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.0 6.8 8.0 7.2 6.8 7.7 6.9 6.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,229 12,246 12,291 12,131 12,230 12,283 12,364 12,112 12,172

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,116 9,339 9,258 9,147 9,225 9,178 9,254 9,438 9,314

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.5 67.8 68.2 68.1 67.7 67.9 69.2 68.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,313 8,744 8,670 8,391 8,552 8,576 8,564 8,880 8,749

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 64.1 63.5 62.6 63.1 63.2 62.9 65.1 64.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 595 588 756 673 601 690 558 564

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 6.4 6.4 8.3 7.3 6.6 7.5 5.9 6.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,143 10,261 10,335 10,150 10,219 10,252 10,197 10,254 10,337

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.4 62.7 62.6 62.5 62.6 62.0 62.3 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,483 9,615 9,720 9,486 9,622 9,657 9,524 9,622 9,713

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.4 59.0 58.5 58.8 59.0 57.9 58.5 59.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 646 616 664 597 595 673 632 624

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.3 6.0 6.5 5.8 5.8 6.6 6.2 6.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 760 754 700 731 723 759 803 816

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 30.3 30.1 27.9 29.1 28.8 30.3 32.0 32.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 569 566 528 544 557 575 584 588

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 22.7 22.6 21.0 21.7 22.2 22.9 23.3 23.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 191 189 172 187 166 185 219 227

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 25.2 25.0 24.6 25.5 22.9 24.3 27.2 27.9

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,285 15,792 15,983 15,285 15,370 15,610 15,731 15,792 15,983

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,668 9,934 10,138 9,640 9,699 9,782 9,885 9,908 10,092

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 62.9 63.4 63.1 63.1 62.7 62.8 62.7 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,358 9,635 9,833 9,320 9,407 9,536 9,584 9,617 9,780

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 61.0 61.5 61.0 61.2 61.1 60.9 60.9 61.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 299 305 320 292 246 300 291 313

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.9 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,616 5,858 5,845 5,645 5,671 5,829 5,846 5,884 5,891

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 41,081 42,335 42,419 41,081 41,751 41,831 42,249 42,335 42,419

Civilian labor force................................ 27,354 27,957 27,926 27,363 27,389 27,498 27,826 28,021 27,922

Participation rate............................... 66.6 66.0 65.8 66.6 65.6 65.7 65.9 66.2 65.8

Employed....................................... 25,929 26,469 26,463 25,969 26,088 26,141 26,432 26,646 26,500

Employment-population ratio............... 63.1 62.5 62.4 63.2 62.5 62.5 62.6 62.9 62.5

Unemployed.................................... 1,425 1,488 1,463 1,394 1,301 1,356 1,393 1,375 1,421

Unemployment rate......................... 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.1

Not in labor force................................. 13,727 14,378 14,493 13,718 14,361 14,334 14,423 14,315 14,497

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,929 15,280 15,369 14,953 14,969 15,084 15,320 15,319 15,370

Participation rate............................... 80.7 80.0 80.3 80.8 79.6 80.1 80.4 80.2 80.3

Employed....................................... 14,217 14,567 14,624 14,293 14,400 14,507 14,659 14,723 14,688

Employment-population ratio............... 76.9 76.3 76.4 77.3 76.6 77.0 76.9 77.1 76.7

Unemployed.................................... 712 713 744 660 569 577 661 595 682

Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.4 3.8 3.8 4.3 3.9 4.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,165 11,449 11,270 11,113 11,222 11,189 11,257 11,410 11,230

Participation rate............................... 59.5 59.3 58.2 59.2 58.8 58.5 58.4 59.1 58.0

Employed....................................... 10,631 10,840 10,711 10,586 10,676 10,598 10,737 10,815 10,677

Employment-population ratio............... 56.7 56.1 55.3 56.4 56.0 55.4 55.7 56.0 55.2

Unemployed.................................... 534 609 559 527 546 591 520 595 553

Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.3 4.6 5.2 4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,260 1,228 1,287 1,297 1,198 1,225 1,249 1,292 1,321

Participation rate............................... 33.0 31.4 32.9 33.9 30.9 31.6 32.0 33.0 33.7

Employed....................................... 1,081 1,061 1,128 1,090 1,012 1,037 1,036 1,108 1,135

Employment-population ratio............... 28.3 27.1 28.8 28.5 26.2 26.8 26.5 28.3 29.0

Unemployed.................................... 179 167 159 207 185 188 213 184 186

Unemployment rate......................... 14.2 13.6 12.4 16.0 15.5 15.4 17.0 14.2 14.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,143 9,887 10,180 10,185 10,167 10,148 10,274 10,258 10,234

Participation rate.................................. 45.1 45.1 45.5 45.3 45.1 44.8 44.8 46.8 45.7

Employed.......................................... 9,375 9,190 9,519 9,516 9,639 9,507 9,715 9,673 9,666

Employment-population ratio................. 41.7 41.9 42.5 42.4 42.7 42.0 42.3 44.1 43.2

Unemployed....................................... 768 697 661 669 528 641 559 584 568

Unemployment rate............................ 7.6 7.0 6.5 6.6 5.2 6.3 5.4 5.7 5.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,227 35,992 35,969 36,124 36,014 35,927 35,735 36,092 35,863

Participation rate.................................. 58.0 57.4 57.3 57.8 57.5 57.8 57.5 57.5 57.1

Employed.......................................... 34,324 34,221 34,290 34,355 34,463 34,425 34,134 34,487 34,305

Employment-population ratio................. 54.9 54.6 54.6 55.0 55.1 55.4 54.9 55.0 54.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,903 1,771 1,679 1,769 1,551 1,503 1,601 1,604 1,559

Unemployment rate............................ 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,881 37,648 37,550 37,908 37,955 37,906 37,863 37,573 37,589

Participation rate.................................. 66.2 65.7 65.5 66.2 66.2 66.2 66.0 65.5 65.6

Employed.......................................... 36,442 36,212 36,175 36,498 36,579 36,534 36,566 36,248 36,241

Employment-population ratio................. 63.6 63.2 63.1 63.7 63.8 63.8 63.7 63.2 63.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,439 1,436 1,375 1,410 1,376 1,372 1,297 1,325 1,348

Unemployment rate............................ 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 54,905 57,260 57,097 54,675 55,501 55,852 55,922 56,669 56,785

Participation rate.................................. 74.2 74.4 74.6 73.9 73.6 73.5 73.4 73.7 74.2

Employed.......................................... 53,573 55,978 55,846 53,334 54,348 54,653 54,720 55,386 55,534

Employment-population ratio................. 72.4 72.8 73.0 72.1 72.1 71.9 71.8 72.0 72.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,332 1,281 1,251 1,340 1,153 1,200 1,202 1,283 1,252

Unemployment rate............................ 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,635 19,313 18,609 17,453 2,026 1,860

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,270 9,617 9,067 8,483 1,203 1,134

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.8 48.7 48.6 59.4 60.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,865 9,225 8,728 8,112 1,137 1,113

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.8 47.8 46.9 46.5 56.1 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 392 339 372 66 20

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 3.7 4.4 5.5 1.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,365 9,696 9,542 8,970 823 726

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,008 4,089 3,357 3,385 651 704

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,183 3,362 2,746 2,865 437 497

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 82.2 81.8 84.6 67.1 70.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,022 3,195 2,620 2,706 402 489

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 78.2 78.1 80.0 61.8 69.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 166 126 158 35 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.0 4.6 5.5 7.9 1.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 727 611 520 214 207

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,393 3,101 2,822 2,621 571 480

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,723 2,442 2,285 2,072 438 370

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.3 78.8 81.0 79.1 76.7 77.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,623 2,367 2,202 2,004 421 363

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.3 76.3 78.0 76.4 73.7 75.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 76 83 69 17 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.1 3.6 3.3 4.0 1.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670 659 537 549 133 110

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,162 7,750 7,867 7,487 295 263

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,887 1,646 1,841 1,587 46 59

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 21.2 23.4 21.2 15.8 22.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,812 1,585 1,766 1,526 45 59

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 20.4 22.5 20.4 15.4 22.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 62 74 62 1 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.9 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,275 6,104 6,026 5,900 249 204

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,072 4,373 4,563 3,960 509 413

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,477 2,166 2,195 1,959 282 208

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 49.5 48.1 49.5 55.3 50.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,408 2,078 2,140 1,876 268 202

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 47.5 46.9 47.4 52.7 49.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 88 56 83 13 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 4.1 2.5 4.2 4.7 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,595 2,207 2,368 2,001 227 205

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,847 228,782 99,825 102,363 125,021 126,419

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,565 149,929 74,648 76,505 72,918 73,424

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 65.5 74.8 74.7 58.3 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,040 143,951 71,003 73,269 70,037 70,682

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.9 71.1 71.6 56.0 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,525 5,978 3,644 3,237 2,881 2,742

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.0 4.9 4.2 4.0 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,282 78,853 25,178 25,858 52,104 52,996

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,611 30,415 223,803 226,683

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,252 6,526 153,661 155,022

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.4 21.5 68.7 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 5,589 5,991 147,039 148,885

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.3 19.7 65.7 65.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 663 535 6,621 6,136

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.6 8.2 4.3 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,359 23,889 70,143 71,661

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,730 2,882 76,681 77,606

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.8 37.4 82.3 82.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,430 2,624 73,011 74,254

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.9 34.1 78.4 79.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 300 259 3,670 3,352

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.0 9.0 4.8 4.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,124 4,818 16,474 16,270

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,388 2,547 68,549 68,597

Participation rate..................................................................... 29.8 32.2 71.2 70.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,102 2,321 65,919 66,100

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 26.3 29.3 68.4 68.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 286 226 2,630 2,497

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.0 8.9 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,617 5,371 27,789 28,237

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,134 1,097 8,431 8,819

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.7 7.4 24.6 24.5

Employed............................................................................. 1,057 1,046 8,109 8,531

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.2 7.1 23.6 23.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 77 50 321 288

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.8 4.6 3.8 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,618 13,700 25,880 27,154

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,204 43,358 20,024 21,128 21,180 22,230

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,062 28,441 15,527 16,387 11,535 12,054

Participation rate.................................................. 65.7 65.6 77.5 77.6 54.5 54.2

Employed.......................................................... 25,857 27,280 14,859 15,763 10,998 11,517

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.8 62.9 74.2 74.6 51.9 51.8

Unemployed....................................................... 1,205 1,161 668 624 537 536

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.5 4.1 4.3 3.8 4.7 4.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,142 14,918 4,497 4,741 9,645 10,177

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 213,210 213,739 102,921 103,203 110,289 110,535

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,850 133,107 69,191 69,537 63,659 63,570

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.3 67.2 67.4 57.7 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 126,771 127,597 65,686 66,388 61,084 61,209

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.5 59.7 63.8 64.3 55.4 55.4

Unemployed....................................................... 6,079 5,510 3,504 3,149 2,575 2,362

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.6 4.1 5.1 4.5 4.0 3.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,360 80,632 33,730 33,667 46,629 46,965

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,441 2,280 2,266 2,476 2,510 2,552 2,513 2,474 2,314

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,552 1,487 1,409 1,635 1,697 1,717 1,712 1,679 1,495

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 857 758 840 835 791 793 781 768 803

Unpaid family workers........................... 31 36 17 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 150,187 152,123 152,611 150,407 151,453 151,478 151,894 152,713 152,747

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 141,495 143,213 143,601 141,667 142,472 142,505 142,828 143,656 143,688

Government..................................... 21,247 21,503 21,368 20,858 20,717 20,642 20,815 20,986 20,957

Private industries............................... 120,248 121,710 122,233 120,843 121,779 121,900 122,022 122,693 122,761

Private households.......................... 698 738 781 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 119,550 120,972 121,452 120,127 121,140 121,206 121,349 121,957 121,977

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,640 8,854 8,959 8,700 8,922 8,970 8,991 8,944 8,990

Unpaid family workers........................... 53 56 50 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,552 5,331 5,080 5,500 4,851 4,915 4,989 5,160 5,019

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,407 3,501 3,023 3,377 2,995 3,097 3,009 3,302 3,005

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,920 1,509 1,738 1,833 1,558 1,570 1,663 1,541 1,625

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,042 21,804 21,817 20,706 21,022 21,122 20,867 21,061 21,399

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,498 5,241 4,975 5,470 4,759 4,856 4,926 5,091 4,944

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,383 3,449 2,966 3,349 2,952 3,049 2,965 3,258 2,940

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,901 1,501 1,726 1,823 1,552 1,563 1,659 1,533 1,619

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,667 21,388 21,382 20,343 20,645 20,703 20,434 20,641 20,999

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,628 154,403 154,877 153,064 153,917 154,021 154,430 155,215 155,178

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,897 4,822 4,889 5,179 4,928 4,977 5,143 5,174 5,149

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723 1,695 1,701 1,914 1,929 1,907 1,915 1,915 1,892

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,174 3,127 3,188 3,277 2,996 3,075 3,221 3,293 3,261

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,731 149,581 149,988 147,885 148,989 149,045 149,287 150,041 150,028

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,017 13,980 14,158 14,222 13,982 13,936 14,153 14,213 14,334

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,714 135,602 135,830 133,697 135,009 135,083 135,129 135,856 135,779

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,507 99,847 100,015 98,584 99,407 99,535 99,674 100,120 100,051

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,376 34,959 35,105 34,444 34,692 34,606 34,768 34,975 35,106

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,584 32,328 32,410 31,629 32,146 32,304 32,380 32,503 32,462

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,547 32,560 32,500 32,510 32,568 32,625 32,526 32,642 32,484

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,207 35,755 35,814 35,113 35,602 35,548 35,455 35,735 35,728

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,546 81,829 82,151 81,121 81,666 81,821 82,274 82,685 82,630

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,374 2,277 2,341 2,573 2,342 2,391 2,569 2,472 2,517

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 748 771 950 884 848 920 872 891

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,559 1,529 1,570 1,636 1,443 1,540 1,638 1,617 1,639

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,172 79,552 79,810 78,548 79,324 79,431 79,705 80,213 80,113

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,123 7,213 7,325 7,259 7,210 7,203 7,339 7,392 7,445

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,049 72,339 72,485 71,298 72,102 72,226 72,388 72,822 72,707

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,407 53,400 53,460 52,617 53,084 53,308 53,441 53,764 53,647

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,346 18,824 18,900 18,428 18,617 18,612 18,773 18,925 18,942

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,005 17,424 17,492 17,092 17,300 17,450 17,447 17,592 17,576

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,056 17,152 17,069 17,097 17,167 17,246 17,221 17,247 17,130

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,642 18,939 19,025 18,681 19,018 18,918 18,947 19,058 19,060

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,082 72,574 72,726 71,943 72,251 72,200 72,157 72,530 72,548

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,523 2,545 2,548 2,606 2,586 2,586 2,574 2,702 2,632

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 946 930 964 1,044 1,059 995 1,044 1,001

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,615 1,599 1,618 1,641 1,552 1,535 1,583 1,676 1,622

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,559 70,029 70,178 69,337 69,665 69,614 69,583 69,828 69,916

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,894 6,767 6,834 6,964 6,772 6,733 6,814 6,821 6,889

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,665 63,262 63,344 62,399 62,906 62,857 62,742 63,033 63,071

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,100 46,447 46,555 45,966 46,322 46,227 46,233 46,356 46,404

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,031 16,135 16,206 16,016 16,074 15,994 15,995 16,050 16,164

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,578 14,904 14,918 14,537 14,846 14,853 14,933 14,911 14,886

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,491 15,408 15,431 15,414 15,402 15,380 15,305 15,395 15,354

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,565 16,816 16,789 16,432 16,584 16,630 16,508 16,677 16,667

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,858 45,635 45,870 45,912 45,621 45,439 45,714 45,863 45,865

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,288 35,786 35,912 35,888 35,844 35,813 35,768 35,632 35,564

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,618 9,624 9,595 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,566 126,401 126,424 125,563 126,758 126,723 127,016 127,745 127,434

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,062 28,003 28,453 27,573 27,138 27,257 27,271 27,548 27,858

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,137 8,103 7,771 7,930 7,342 7,647 7,845 7,864 7,609

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,740 5,767 5,891 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,497 9,611 9,799 9,535 9,713 9,763 9,773 9,713 9,793

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,171 6,706 6,585 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 816 874 803 13.6 15.9 13.6 13.9 14.4 13.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 397 351 332 17.2 19.1 15.2 15.0 15.5 14.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 421 524 469 11.4 14.4 13.2 13.3 13.7 12.6

20 years and over................................ 6,355 5,833 5,782 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,119 1,042 1,018 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.4 6.8 6.6

25 years and over.............................. 5,241 4,787 4,769 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 3,991 3,617 3,591 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,623 1,596 1,541 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2

35 to 44 years............................. 1,271 1,037 1,065 3.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2

45 to 54 years............................. 1,098 984 985 3.3 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.9

55 years and over........................... 1,217 1,193 1,176 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.2

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,906 3,582 3,539 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 446 486 452 14.8 17.7 14.8 14.5 16.4 15.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 202 180 171 17.6 20.7 15.7 13.0 17.1 16.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 244 309 277 13.0 16.6 15.0 14.9 16.1 14.5

20 years and over................................ 3,459 3,096 3,087 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 674 605 600 8.5 8.4 7.9 8.2 7.6 7.5

25 years and over.............................. 2,777 2,488 2,483 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 2,132 1,800 1,863 3.9 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.4

25 to 34 years............................. 923 799 811 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1

35 to 44 years............................. 655 495 538 3.7 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.7 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 553 505 514 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9

55 years and over........................... 646 688 620 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.2

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,266 3,124 3,046 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 370 387 351 12.4 14.1 12.3 13.4 12.5 11.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 194 170 161 16.8 17.7 14.7 16.7 14.0 13.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 176 215 192 9.7 12.4 11.3 11.7 11.4 10.6

20 years and over................................ 2,896 2,737 2,695 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 445 437 419 6.0 5.8 6.2 6.5 6.0 5.7

25 years and over.............................. 2,464 2,300 2,286 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5

25 to 54 years............................... 1,859 1,817 1,729 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.6

25 to 34 years............................. 699 797 731 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.3

35 to 44 years............................. 615 542 527 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.4

45 to 54 years............................. 545 478 471 3.4 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0

55 years and over........................... 564 488 542 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.5 2.8 3.2

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,208 992 1,006 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,022 973 957 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.6

Women who maintain families2.................... 557 637 569 5.5 5.5 5.3 6.5 6.2 5.6

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,758 5,395 5,271 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,405 1,293 1,303 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.5

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,812 3,716 3,375 3,516 3,149 3,254 3,273 3,279 3,146

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,125 1,172 1,007 946 950 915 912 878 865

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,686 2,544 2,368 2,570 2,200 2,339 2,361 2,401 2,281

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,880 1,799 1,696 1,817 1,539 1,636 1,652 1,709 1,645

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 806 745 672 752 661 703 709 692 637

Job leavers........................................... 778 774 850 793 739 715 716 780 864

Reentrants............................................ 2,004 1,962 1,912 2,064 2,025 2,003 1,958 1,948 1,967

New entrants......................................... 691 639 534 769 697 581 645 704 625

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 52.3 52.4 50.6 49.2 47.6 49.7 49.6 48.9 47.7

On temporary layoff.............................. 15.5 16.5 15.1 13.2 14.4 14.0 13.8 13.1 13.1

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 36.9 35.9 35.5 36.0 33.3 35.7 35.8 35.8 34.6

Job leavers........................................... 10.7 10.9 12.7 11.1 11.2 10.9 10.9 11.6 13.1

Reentrants............................................ 27.5 27.7 28.7 28.9 30.6 30.6 29.7 29.0 29.8

New entrants......................................... 9.5 9.0 8.0 10.8 10.5 8.9 9.8 10.5 9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,000 2,307 1,994 2,296 2,253 2,235 2,280 2,508 2,287

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,269 2,253 2,203 2,088 1,894 1,994 1,943 1,906 2,009

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,016 2,532 2,475 2,725 2,514 2,397 2,402 2,330 2,202

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,255 1,024 1,059 1,064 921 882 981 934 880

27 weeks and over............................... 1,761 1,507 1,416 1,660 1,593 1,515 1,421 1,397 1,322

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 26.1 22.7 24.8 25.4 25.2 23.6 24.1 22.9 24.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.6 9.4 10.2 10.4 9.5 9.1 9.4 9.3 9.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 27.5 32.5 29.9 32.3 33.8 33.7 34.4 37.2 35.2

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 31.1 31.8 33.0 29.4 28.4 30.1 29.3 28.3 30.9

15 weeks and over.................................. 41.4 35.7 37.1 38.3 37.7 36.2 36.3 34.6 33.9

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 17.2 14.4 15.9 15.0 13.8 13.3 14.8 13.8 13.5

27 weeks and over............................... 24.2 21.3 21.2 23.4 23.9 22.9 21.5 20.7 20.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 152,628 154,877 7,284 6,671 4.6 4.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 61,156 63,067 1,265 1,310 2.0 2.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,418 25,992 622 520 2.4 2.0

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,738 37,074 644 790 1.8 2.1

Service occupations................................................ 26,358 26,564 1,597 1,447 5.7 5.2

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,385 32,896 1,444 1,428 4.1 4.2

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,858 15,413 640 731 3.9 4.5

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,527 17,482 803 697 4.4 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,877 13,860 1,156 999 7.7 6.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,186 992 131 137 9.9 12.1

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,548 7,966 831 712 9.9 8.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,142 4,902 194 150 3.6 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,852 18,490 1,099 933 5.8 4.8

Production occupations.......................................... 8,378 8,539 472 382 5.3 4.3

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,474 9,952 627 551 6.2 5.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 7,284 6,671 4.6 4.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,733 5,136 4.6 4.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 30 55 4.1 6.9

Construction.......................................................................... 764 696 8.4 7.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 614 511 3.9 3.3

Durable goods..................................................................... 420 304 4.2 3.1

Nondurable goods................................................................ 194 208 3.4 3.6

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 985 960 4.8 4.8

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 284 241 4.3 3.6

Information............................................................................ 108 108 4.0 4.1

Financial activities................................................................... 235 181 2.3 1.8

Professional and business services............................................... 904 714 5.5 4.2

Education and health services..................................................... 666 619 2.8 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 883 808 6.3 5.8

Other services........................................................................ 260 242 3.9 3.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 126 147 7.7 9.7

Government workers................................................................... 393 522 1.8 2.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 341 333 3.4 3.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.9 8.6 8.1 8.8 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,502 95,549 38,227 38,407 56,275 57,142

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,507 4,793 2,613 2,272 2,894 2,521

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,595 1,454 804 770 791 684

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 460 450 246 271 214 179

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,135 1,004 558 498 578 506

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,137 7,771 4,093 3,991 4,044 3,781

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.6 5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,566 4,272 2,467 2,396 2,099 1,877

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,144 2,040 800 766 1,344 1,274

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 297 307 172 199 124 109

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,079 1,108 635 612 444 496

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Change

from:

Feb.2018 -

Mar.2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,078 145,435 146,667 147,332 145,969 147,801 148,127 148,230 103

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,385 123,267 124,035 124,638 123,655 125,482 125,802 125,904 102

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,624 19,866 20,032 20,167 19,982 20,383 20,489 20,504 15

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 693 702 712 660 705 714 722 8

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 49.1 49.7 48.5 49.7 50.7 50.3 50.2 -0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601.7 643.6 652.3 663.4 610.4 654.4 663.4 671.9 8.5

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.9 145.7 145.7 149.1 144.7 147.0 147.8 150.2 2.4

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.2 179.1 180.2 182.8 184.1 186.4 187.0 187.6 0.6

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 51.9 51.9 51.8 51.2 51.9 52.1 52.1 0.0

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.8 38.3 38.4 38.5 39.1 38.6 38.7 38.8 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.4 88.9 89.9 92.5 93.9 95.9 96.2 96.7 0.5

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278.6 318.8 326.4 331.5 281.6 321.0 328.6 334.1 5.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,634 6,692 6,797 6,880 6,922 7,100 7,165 7,150 -15

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.3 1,510.9 1,530.7 1,545.9 1,530.7 1,566.2 1,581.5 1,586.1 4.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723.3 743.3 753.3 759.1 749.0 772.0 780.0 782.4 2.4

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.0 767.6 777.4 786.8 781.7 794.2 801.5 803.7 2.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 912.2 873.2 902.8 933.2 991.4 998.9 1,009.3 1,005.7 -3.6

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,234.5 4,307.4 4,363.2 4,401.1 4,399.6 4,535.2 4,574.5 4,558.3 -16.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,850.3 1,892.5 1,916.7 1,933.7 1,926.3 1,995.2 2,016.5 2,007.1 -9.4

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,384.2 2,414.9 2,446.5 2,467.4 2,473.3 2,540.0 2,558.0 2,551.2 -6.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,340 12,481 12,533 12,575 12,400 12,578 12,610 12,632 22

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,687 7,796 7,832 7,872 7,708 7,838 7,866 7,888 22

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.5 395.5 398.6 401.5 397.7 399.9 403.7 404.5 0.8

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.0 402.8 405.4 413.6 411.7 418.0 419.6 421.3 1.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.0 378.2 381.4 380.4 368.1 377.9 381.2 380.1 -1.1

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414.5 1,455.9 1,462.9 1,472.5 1,418.2 1,462.0 1,468.1 1,476.9 8.8

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,067.5 1,099.1 1,105.4 1,106.1 1,068.4 1,100.4 1,104.2 1,106.2 2.0

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,035.9 1,052.7 1,053.8 1,058.8 1,038.2 1,056.3 1,057.4 1,060.2 2.8

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 156.2 166.4 167.0 168.8 157.1 167.2 168.0 169.2 1.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.5 86.0 85.9 86.2 86.7 86.5 86.5 86.4 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.7 364.2 365.7 367.5 361.4 366.0 366.9 367.8 0.9

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.5 403.5 402.8 404.1 398.8 403.9 403.5 404.4 0.9

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 32.6 32.4 32.2 34.2 32.7 32.6 32.4 -0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 383.8 395.3 396.8 399.4 384.7 396.6 398.4 400.4 2.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,637.2 1,638.7 1,645.2 1,656.2 1,633.7 1,642.2 1,647.4 1,652.2 4.8

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959.8 954.3 960.2 969.8 955.8 956.6 961.5 964.8 3.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.2 388.9 391.5 392.2 394.1 391.6 392.6 393.2 0.6

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590.4 589.3 591.4 591.3 593.1 592.9 593.3 593.4 0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,653 4,685 4,701 4,703 4,692 4,740 4,744 4,744 0

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,567.8 1,600.5 1,606.0 1,605.2 1,592.0 1,625.3 1,626.6 1,629.9 3.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.8 111.3 111.5 110.9 112.7 111.4 111.2 110.9 -0.3

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.5 111.5 110.9 111.5 116.4 112.7 112.3 112.2 -0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.6 115.4 116.8 116.5 122.8 116.5 116.4 116.6 0.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.6 369.9 372.5 370.7 369.4 370.6 372.0 371.0 -1.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 442.1 433.4 434.9 434.5 443.0 436.2 437.9 435.4 -2.5

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.1 110.8 113.0 113.0 114.3 115.0 117.0 116.3 -0.7

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819.1 825.0 823.4 823.5 819.2 827.8 826.4 824.7 -1.7

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713.1 720.0 722.7 723.3 712.9 725.3 724.1 723.2 -0.9

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280.6 287.6 288.9 294.2 289.5 299.2 299.9 303.4 3.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,761 103,401 104,003 104,471 103,673 105,099 105,313 105,400 87

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,104 27,463 27,329 27,410 27,427 27,627 27,701 27,722 21

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,854.8 5,896.9 5,915.0 5,941.6 5,881.7 5,948.8 5,955.9 5,967.3 11.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,940.4 2,979.3 2,991.3 2,999.3 2,950.0 2,999.0 3,005.8 3,008.9 3.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,030.6 2,023.0 2,030.3 2,045.4 2,044.5 2,050.1 2,052.4 2,058.2 5.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Change

from:

Feb.2018 -

Mar.2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.8 894.6 893.4 896.9 887.2 899.7 897.7 900.2 2.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,628.7 15,791.9 15,659.3 15,691.4 15,859.4 15,873.0 15,920.3 15,915.9 -4.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,992.1 2,000.5 2,007.6 2,018.7 2,001.6 2,022.6 2,026.6 2,028.5 1.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,289.0 1,296.6 1,301.1 1,303.9 1,292.5 1,303.9 1,307.8 1,307.6 -0.2

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.2 146.1 149.0 153.4 154.4 157.6 157.4 157.7 0.3

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 552.9 557.8 557.5 561.4 554.7 561.1 561.4 563.3 1.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 471.2 487.5 481.0 479.3 476.1 482.0 482.1 484.1 2.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 508.1 506.8 494.5 495.7 513.2 495.7 496.8 498.5 1.7

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269.2 1,239.7 1,269.0 1,322.4 1,270.9 1,305.0 1,316.0 1,317.9 1.9

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,065.6 3,078.1 3,070.2 3,063.0 3,097.9 3,094.4 3,097.1 3,093.9 -3.2

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065.2 1,067.0 1,052.7 1,054.0 1,070.0 1,061.5 1,057.2 1,058.9 1.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920.1 922.8 923.8 925.4 931.4 935.8 936.7 936.8 0.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,339.5 1,366.0 1,325.3 1,318.2 1,389.4 1,355.8 1,371.4 1,364.1 -7.3

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.1 597.2 575.5 570.0 602.3 593.0 591.2 592.2 1.0

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,053.4 3,143.9 3,072.2 3,055.0 3,109.7 3,119.9 3,133.3 3,120.7 -12.6

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,136.7 1,196.8 1,146.9 1,130.1 1,171.8 1,174.2 1,175.9 1,168.0 -7.9

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,916.7 1,947.1 1,925.3 1,924.9 1,937.9 1,945.7 1,957.4 1,952.7 -4.7

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.1 801.1 805.7 805.3 832.0 823.8 823.9 828.0 4.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.1 581.3 581.8 584.4 564.9 583.5 588.0 592.3 4.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,065.6 5,223.2 5,202.8 5,219.4 5,129.6 5,251.5 5,269.5 5,279.3 9.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.7 495.6 497.2 499.8 488.7 500.1 502.0 502.0 0.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.5 210.2 210.9 210.9 218.3 212.3 212.3 211.6 -0.7

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.3 61.6 62.5 64.5 65.3 64.4 64.5 0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,429.4 1,436.0 1,445.5 1,454.2 1,455.9 1,466.1 1,472.1 1,478.8 6.7

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.1 503.7 508.6 507.9 488.0 493.8 497.1 494.7 -2.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 46.5 47.2 47.5 49.6 46.7 47.4 47.5 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 27.0 25.7 26.9 28.9 34.5 36.3 36.6 36.9 0.3

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 682.2 696.7 702.8 700.4 685.9 702.0 706.4 703.8 -2.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.3 738.1 696.2 700.2 663.0 714.9 717.1 722.9 5.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972.2 1,007.4 1,005.9 1,007.1 981.2 1,014.0 1,014.1 1,016.6 2.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.5 550.5 551.4 557.9 556.0 553.2 555.0 559.0 4.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,803 2,723 2,752 2,751 2,809 2,760 2,758 2,760 2

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 726.5 713.2 712.3 711.5 728.7 715.9 714.3 713.7 -0.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.9 381.2 397.9 395.3 426.5 408.5 397.9 400.5 2.6

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.8 261.5 261.5 262.2 270.0 262.3 262.0 261.4 -0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789.8 763.7 771.6 769.0 790.9 766.3 771.4 769.4 -2.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.6 319.6 324.6 328.0 314.5 322.1 326.1 329.0 2.9

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277.0 283.4 284.3 285.0 277.9 285.0 285.8 286.1 0.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,363 8,457 8,489 8,499 8,410 8,514 8,544 8,546 2

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,225.6 6,278.3 6,300.8 6,298.5 6,238.7 6,291.4 6,312.0 6,310.4 -1.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.1 18.9 18.9 18.9 19.1 18.9 18.9 19.0 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,636.2 2,652.6 2,658.9 2,652.2 2,640.9 2,655.5 2,663.0 2,656.9 -6.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,711.3 1,713.5 1,714.5 1,714.8 1,712.0 1,714.9 1,716.3 1,715.4 -0.9

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,323.2 1,319.7 1,321.9 1,320.9 1,323.0 1,319.3 1,321.1 1,319.8 -1.3

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 618.2 623.3 627.0 623.2 620.9 623.8 628.4 625.9 -2.5

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 306.7 315.8 317.4 314.2 308.1 316.8 318.3 315.7 -2.6

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 927.8 949.8 956.6 957.2 932.9 954.3 959.5 961.1 1.6

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,642.5 2,657.0 2,666.4 2,670.2 2,645.8 2,662.7 2,670.6 2,673.4 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136.9 2,179.1 2,188.3 2,200.1 2,171.1 2,222.9 2,231.9 2,235.4 3.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568.8 1,591.9 1,596.2 1,602.6 1,587.6 1,615.1 1,619.2 1,622.0 2.8

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.2 563.9 567.9 573.3 559.3 583.9 588.2 589.0 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Change

from:

Feb.2018 -

Mar.2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.9 23.3 24.2 24.2 24.2 23.9 24.5 24.4 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,070 20,326 20,469 20,568 20,301 20,715 20,770 20,803 33

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,972.8 9,088.9 9,171.9 9,175.1 8,935.0 9,098.5 9,119.0 9,137.9 18.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126.8 1,128.1 1,128.8 1,131.1 1,131.4 1,136.0 1,135.6 1,136.0 0.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,089.0 1,039.9 1,087.5 1,089.0 982.8 974.5 975.0 984.6 9.6

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,406.3 1,437.8 1,443.7 1,444.1 1,424.0 1,458.5 1,464.7 1,461.9 -2.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.1 135.0 135.4 135.7 139.5 137.4 137.1 137.1 0.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,012.0 2,070.2 2,078.7 2,064.9 2,029.1 2,071.5 2,076.0 2,081.0 5.0

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367.0 1,415.3 1,422.4 1,420.2 1,382.3 1,435.2 1,436.4 1,436.0 -0.4

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651.5 662.2 665.3 667.5 654.4 666.5 669.4 670.9 1.5

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.0 484.9 490.3 496.6 492.9 492.2 494.8 499.1 4.3

Other professional and technical services. . . 692.1 715.5 719.8 726.0 698.6 726.8 730.0 731.4 1.4

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,276.1 2,302.9 2,303.4 2,307.5 2,284.1 2,310.0 2,313.1 2,315.2 2.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,820.9 8,934.2 8,994.1 9,085.1 9,081.5 9,306.8 9,337.8 9,349.5 11.7

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,415.7 8,521.1 8,580.2 8,668.7 8,669.4 8,887.2 8,916.9 8,926.8 9.9

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.3 517.7 516.5 516.2 502.7 519.6 518.5 518.5 0.0

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.7 153.3 155.4 155.9 147.5 154.7 156.1 155.7 -0.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,452.4 3,516.0 3,556.6 3,588.0 3,562.4 3,677.8 3,699.5 3,700.5 1.0

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,811.0 2,855.9 2,890.8 2,918.2 2,907.4 2,996.4 3,017.4 3,016.8 -0.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.3 914.6 913.8 908.4 907.4 912.8 911.9 911.7 -0.2

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.8 211.6 214.3 216.1 218.9 216.7 217.2 217.0 -0.2

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 906.4 921.4 923.2 926.9 913.1 930.6 932.4 933.2 0.8

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,969.0 1,961.2 1,973.2 2,026.1 2,099.4 2,144.0 2,149.5 2,157.0 7.5

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316.8 325.3 327.2 331.1 317.9 330.9 331.8 333.1 1.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.2 413.1 413.9 416.4 412.1 419.6 420.9 422.7 1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,185 23,241 23,590 23,622 23,040 23,430 23,458 23,483 25

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,819.2 3,590.5 3,867.1 3,863.9 3,646.7 3,715.3 3,702.8 3,693.8 -9.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,365.9 19,650.0 19,722.7 19,757.6 19,392.8 19,714.5 19,755.2 19,789.0 33.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,593.1 15,835.6 15,879.3 15,894.1 15,633.6 15,888.2 15,915.0 15,937.4 22.4

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,206.6 7,366.9 7,394.9 7,405.3 7,230.1 7,398.9 7,414.7 7,430.9 16.2

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,558.5 2,603.5 2,613.4 2,615.6 2,564.3 2,611.9 2,618.5 2,622.2 3.7

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927.0 936.1 934.6 936.8 931.1 939.1 936.6 941.0 4.4

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 875.4 908.1 908.5 909.6 879.4 912.9 912.5 913.9 1.4

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886.4 917.1 919.1 923.5 887.0 918.9 920.6 924.1 3.5

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 267.6 274.0 276.0 276.2 268.1 274.6 276.3 276.6 0.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,393.0 1,423.4 1,434.3 1,436.0 1,399.5 1,432.7 1,440.5 1,443.0 2.5

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.7 304.7 309.0 307.6 300.7 308.8 309.7 310.1 0.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,059.0 5,124.4 5,136.5 5,150.5 5,062.4 5,134.1 5,143.8 5,153.7 9.9

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,327.5 3,344.3 3,347.9 3,338.3 3,341.1 3,355.2 3,356.5 3,352.8 -3.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,625.8 1,615.6 1,613.5 1,605.4 1,633.7 1,618.5 1,617.1 1,614.2 -2.9

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 625.9 631.7 633.1 629.2 626.8 633.6 634.3 630.2 -4.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.0 927.6 931.3 933.0 913.8 931.7 934.1 936.2 2.1

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 164.8 169.4 170.0 170.7 166.7 171.3 171.1 172.3 1.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,772.8 3,814.4 3,843.4 3,863.5 3,759.2 3,826.3 3,840.2 3,851.6 11.4

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,318.3 2,363.9 2,384.2 2,399.7 2,320.0 2,375.1 2,388.6 2,400.4 11.8

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 168.7 171.1 172.6 171.8 168.1 170.7 171.4 171.2 -0.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 338.3 340.5 343.2 343.2 341.7 345.5 346.7 346.4 -0.3

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947.5 938.9 943.4 948.8 929.4 935.0 933.5 933.7 0.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,524 15,440 15,594 15,824 15,944 16,228 16,251 16,256 5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120.3 2,072.4 2,107.8 2,166.7 2,297.8 2,349.1 2,350.8 2,350.6 -0.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 452.0 428.6 452.7 471.9 473.5 493.9 497.4 496.0 -1.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.6 156.1 156.6 161.9 162.0 172.0 172.1 172.2 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Change

from:

Feb.2018 -

Mar.2018p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,515.7 1,487.7 1,498.5 1,532.9 1,662.3 1,683.2 1,681.3 1,682.4 1.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,403.5 13,367.4 13,485.8 13,657.2 13,646.1 13,879.1 13,900.6 13,904.9 4.3

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,926.1 1,912.8 1,926.7 1,954.1 1,993.3 2,015.4 2,017.0 2,021.3 4.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,477.4 11,454.6 11,559.1 11,703.1 11,652.8 11,863.7 11,883.6 11,883.6 0.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,712 5,751 5,780 5,797 5,742 5,825 5,831 5,830 -1

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,305.0 1,300.4 1,306.5 1,313.2 1,304.8 1,315.4 1,312.4 1,313.8 1.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,455.0 1,488.0 1,494.0 1,497.6 1,465.9 1,509.5 1,514.0 1,511.2 -2.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,952.2 2,962.9 2,979.8 2,986.0 2,971.2 3,000.3 3,004.6 3,005.4 0.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,693 22,168 22,632 22,694 22,314 22,319 22,325 22,326 1

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,793.0 2,787.0 2,777.0 2,773.0 2,808.0 2,797.0 2,790.0 2,789.0 -1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,177.9 2,174.2 2,170.7 2,167.8 2,191.8 2,183.7 2,183.1 2,182.2 -0.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.4 612.4 606.0 604.9 615.7 613.6 607.3 606.8 -0.5

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,318.0 5,023.0 5,247.0 5,265.0 5,159.0 5,119.0 5,114.0 5,113.0 -1.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,633.7 2,371.3 2,592.8 2,608.1 2,471.6 2,454.9 2,451.4 2,452.1 0.7

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,683.9 2,652.0 2,654.5 2,656.5 2,687.7 2,663.6 2,663.0 2,660.6 -2.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,582.0 14,358.0 14,608.0 14,656.0 14,347.0 14,403.0 14,421.0 14,424.0 3.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,252.7 8,015.8 8,249.0 8,279.4 7,911.7 7,926.2 7,939.7 7,940.1 0.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,328.8 6,342.5 6,358.6 6,376.2 6,435.2 6,476.9 6,481.0 6,483.6 2.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.1 40.3 40.6 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.1 45.3 46.1 46.0

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 39.0 39.4 39.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.6 40.7 41.0 40.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 41.2 41.4 41.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.7 40.0 40.3 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.2 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 31.1 31.1 31.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.7 38.8 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 41.9 41.8 41.9

Information......................................................................... 36.2 35.8 36.0 36.1

Financial activities................................................................ 37.3 37.6 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 35.9 36.2 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.9 33.0 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 26.0 26.1 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.6 31.7 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Total private............................................... $26.11 $26.71 $26.74 $26.82 $895.57 $918.82 $922.53 $925.29

Goods-producing....................................... 27.36 27.88 27.95 27.96 1,097.14 1,123.56 1,134.77 1,132.38

Mining and logging.................................. 32.04 32.38 32.37 32.64 1,445.00 1,466.81 1,492.26 1,501.44

Construction.......................................... 28.60 29.33 29.50 29.43 1,109.68 1,143.87 1,162.30 1,153.66

Manufacturing........................................ 26.42 26.81 26.81 26.86 1,072.65 1,091.17 1,099.21 1,098.57

Durable goods.................................... 27.67 28.11 28.08 28.11 1,137.24 1,158.13 1,162.51 1,160.94

Nondurable goods................................ 24.28 24.60 24.65 24.72 963.92 984.00 993.40 993.74

Private service-providing.............................. 25.82 26.43 26.46 26.55 857.22 877.48 881.12 884.12

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.63 23.04 23.06 23.12 776.21 794.88 795.57 797.64

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.88 30.21 30.22 30.23 1,165.32 1,178.19 1,178.58 1,178.97

Retail trade........................................ 18.04 18.41 18.44 18.48 557.44 572.55 573.48 576.58

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.65 24.23 24.24 24.35 908.16 937.70 940.51 942.35

Utilities............................................. 38.94 39.60 39.73 39.97 1,651.06 1,659.24 1,660.71 1,674.74

Information........................................... 37.64 38.93 39.04 39.07 1,362.57 1,393.69 1,405.44 1,410.43

Financial activities................................... 32.76 34.29 34.28 34.50 1,221.95 1,289.30 1,288.93 1,297.20

Professional and business services.............. 31.48 32.04 32.04 32.20 1,133.28 1,150.24 1,159.85 1,162.42

Education and health services..................... 26.13 26.73 26.75 26.82 859.68 879.42 882.75 882.38

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.35 15.73 15.75 15.81 399.10 408.98 411.08 412.64

Other services....................................... 23.64 24.26 24.26 24.30 751.75 766.62 769.04 770.31

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2018 -

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2018 -

Mar.

2018p

Total private..................................... 106.5 108.3 108.9 109.0 0.1 132.9 138.3 139.3 139.8 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 91.3 93.6 94.8 94.6 -0.2 112.9 117.9 119.7 119.6 -0.1

Mining and logging........................ 93.5 100.4 103.4 104.4 1.0 120.3 130.5 134.4 136.8 1.8

Construction................................ 92.6 95.5 97.3 96.6 -0.7 115.0 121.6 124.7 123.5 -1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 90.6 92.1 93.0 92.9 -0.1 111.3 114.8 116.0 116.1 0.1

Durable goods........................... 89.2 90.9 91.7 91.7 0.0 109.6 113.5 114.3 114.5 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 93.0 94.6 95.4 95.2 -0.2 114.5 118.1 119.4 119.4 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 110.7 112.3 112.8 112.9 0.1 138.9 144.2 145.1 145.7 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 102.3 103.7 103.9 104.0 0.1 124.6 128.5 129.0 129.4 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 100.1 101.2 101.3 101.5 0.2 124.8 127.6 127.8 128.1 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 99.5 100.3 100.6 100.9 0.3 118.7 122.0 122.6 123.2 0.5

Transportation and warehousing...... 112.7 116.3 117.0 116.9 -0.1 135.3 143.0 143.9 144.5 0.4

Utilities.................................... 102.0 100.3 100.4 101.3 0.9 131.2 131.2 131.8 133.8 1.5

Information................................. 92.9 90.2 90.7 91.0 0.3 124.5 125.1 126.0 126.6 0.5

Financial activities......................... 102.7 104.8 105.2 105.2 0.0 131.3 140.2 140.7 141.6 0.6

Professional and business services..... 114.9 117.0 118.3 118.1 -0.2 146.6 151.8 153.5 154.1 0.4

Education and health services........... 123.8 125.9 126.4 126.2 -0.2 155.6 161.9 162.7 162.8 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 118.3 120.4 121.0 121.1 0.1 146.5 152.8 153.8 154.4 0.4

Other services............................. 105.3 106.1 106.6 106.6 0.0 136.4 141.1 141.7 141.9 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,325 73,239 73,421 73,504 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private............................................ 59,530 60,411 60,579 60,658 48.1 48.1 48.2 48.2

Goods-producing.................................... 4,369 4,479 4,504 4,521 21.9 22.0 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging............................... 91 91 92 93 13.8 12.9 12.9 12.9

Construction....................................... 866 907 916 915 12.5 12.8 12.8 12.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,412 3,481 3,496 3,513 27.5 27.7 27.7 27.8

Durable goods.................................. 1,805 1,834 1,846 1,856 23.4 23.4 23.5 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,607 1,647 1,650 1,657 34.2 34.7 34.8 34.9

Private service-providing........................... 55,161 55,932 56,075 56,137 53.2 53.2 53.2 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,071 11,066 11,126 11,115 40.4 40.1 40.2 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,734.6 1,763.4 1,768.9 1,774.3 29.5 29.6 29.7 29.7

Retail trade..................................... 7,955.7 7,888.8 7,937.1 7,917.9 50.2 49.7 49.9 49.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,252.5 1,286.8 1,292.1 1,293.0 24.4 24.5 24.5 24.5

Utilities........................................... 127.8 126.7 128.2 129.8 23.0 22.9 23.1 23.2

Information......................................... 1,118 1,090 1,090 1,090 39.8 39.5 39.5 39.5

Financial activities................................ 4,767 4,805 4,815 4,816 56.7 56.4 56.4 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,126 9,354 9,385 9,404 45.0 45.2 45.2 45.2

Education and health services.................. 17,757 18,030 18,047 18,088 77.1 77.0 76.9 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,291 8,498 8,517 8,531 52.0 52.4 52.4 52.5

Other services..................................... 3,031 3,089 3,095 3,093 52.8 53.0 53.1 53.1

Government............................................. 12,795 12,828 12,842 12,846 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Total private............................................................................... 101,941 103,392 103,636 103,725

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,398 14,673 14,750 14,747

Mining and logging.................................................................. 474 522 527 534

Construction.......................................................................... 5,219 5,315 5,368 5,347

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,705 8,836 8,855 8,866

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,300 5,385 5,407 5,417

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,405 3,451 3,448 3,449

Private service-providing.............................................................. 87,543 88,719 88,886 88,978

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,085 23,338 23,403 23,435

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,710.5 4,771.0 4,781.3 4,792.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,477.3 13,548.1 13,597.5 13,602.7

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,448.3 4,574.3 4,579.7 4,592.0

Utilities.............................................................................. 448.4 445.0 444.6 447.9

Information............................................................................ 2,264 2,223 2,218 2,219

Financial activities................................................................... 6,540 6,607 6,619 6,623

Professional and business services............................................... 16,611 16,869 16,915 16,948

Education and health services..................................................... 20,235 20,577 20,610 20,632

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,053 14,286 14,299 14,304

Other services........................................................................ 4,755 4,819 4,822 4,817

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.6 33.8 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.0 41.2 41.6 41.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.9 46.1 47.1 46.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.3 39.6 39.9 39.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.9 42.3 42.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.3 42.2 42.6 42.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.0 41.4 41.7 41.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 33.9 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.9 38.8 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 30.4 30.3 30.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.0 38.3 38.4 38.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.7 42.6 42.7

Information......................................................................... 35.7 35.5 35.8 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.1 35.4 35.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.6 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.7

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Total private............................................... $21.89 $22.34 $22.38 $22.42 $735.50 $750.62 $756.44 $755.55

Goods-producing....................................... 22.94 23.59 23.70 23.71 940.54 971.91 985.92 983.97

Mining and logging.................................. 27.34 27.85 27.79 27.87 1,254.91 1,283.89 1,308.91 1,307.10

Construction.......................................... 26.44 27.17 27.38 27.34 1,039.09 1,075.93 1,092.46 1,090.87

Manufacturing........................................ 20.70 21.27 21.32 21.36 865.26 891.21 901.84 901.39

Durable goods.................................... 21.68 22.25 22.26 22.28 917.06 938.95 948.28 946.90

Nondurable goods................................ 19.14 19.72 19.82 19.88 784.74 816.41 826.49 827.01

Private service-providing.............................. 21.67 22.08 22.10 22.15 699.94 715.39 718.25 717.66

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.21 19.54 19.53 19.62 645.46 662.41 662.07 667.08

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.52 24.78 24.80 24.84 951.38 963.94 962.24 966.28

Retail trade........................................ 15.21 15.51 15.48 15.62 456.30 471.50 469.04 476.41

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.12 21.61 21.62 21.67 802.56 827.66 830.21 827.79

Utilities............................................. 36.37 36.45 36.40 36.70 1,549.36 1,556.42 1,550.64 1,567.09

Information........................................... 30.52 31.19 31.26 31.58 1,089.56 1,107.25 1,119.11 1,133.72

Financial activities................................... 26.39 26.70 26.70 26.70 973.79 987.90 987.90 987.90

Professional and business services.............. 25.85 26.37 26.40 26.45 915.09 925.59 934.56 933.69

Education and health services..................... 22.90 23.40 23.40 23.41 735.09 753.48 755.82 753.80

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.25 13.61 13.62 13.68 328.60 338.89 339.14 340.63

Other services....................................... 19.86 20.46 20.49 20.47 609.70 626.08 629.04 628.43

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2018 -

Mar.

2018p

Mar.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018p

Mar.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2018 -

Mar.

2018p

Total private..................................... 114.1 115.7 116.7 116.5 -0.2 166.9 172.8 174.5 174.5 0.0

Goods-producing............................. 90.2 92.4 93.8 93.5 -0.3 126.7 133.4 136.1 135.8 -0.2

Mining and logging........................ 115.6 127.9 131.9 133.1 0.9 183.8 207.1 213.2 215.7 1.2

Construction................................ 102.7 105.4 107.2 106.8 -0.4 146.6 154.6 158.6 157.7 -0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 83.5 85.0 86.0 85.9 -0.1 113.1 118.2 119.9 120.0 0.1

Durable goods........................... 84.3 85.4 86.6 86.5 -0.1 114.0 118.6 120.3 120.4 0.1

Nondurable goods...................... 82.3 84.2 84.7 84.5 -0.2 111.3 117.3 118.7 118.8 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 120.4 122.4 123.0 122.8 -0.2 178.9 185.3 186.4 186.5 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 108.1 110.3 110.6 111.1 0.5 148.2 153.7 154.1 155.5 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 107.6 109.3 109.3 109.8 0.5 155.5 159.5 159.6 160.6 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 102.3 104.3 104.3 105.0 0.7 133.4 138.6 138.4 140.6 1.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 127.2 131.9 132.4 132.0 -0.3 170.5 180.8 181.6 181.5 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 97.7 97.2 96.9 97.8 0.9 148.3 147.8 147.2 149.8 1.8

Information................................. 92.3 90.1 90.6 90.9 0.3 139.4 139.1 140.2 142.1 1.4

Financial activities......................... 113.6 115.1 115.3 115.4 0.1 184.4 189.0 189.4 189.5 0.1

Professional and business services..... 131.8 132.7 134.2 134.1 -0.1 202.7 208.2 210.8 211.0 0.1

Education and health services........... 138.5 141.3 141.9 141.6 -0.2 209.3 218.2 219.2 218.9 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 127.7 130.3 130.4 130.5 0.1 192.1 201.4 201.7 202.7 0.5

Other services............................. 102.4 103.4 103.8 103.7 -0.1 148.1 154.2 155.0 154.7 -0.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.