For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, December 7, 2016 USDL-16-2254

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2016

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.5 million on the last business day of October, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little 

changed at 5.1 million and 4.9 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 

2.1 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was also unchanged at 1.0 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of October, there were 5.5 million job openings, little changed from 

September. The job openings rate was 3.7 percent in October. The number of job openings was little 

changed for total private and for government. Job openings increased in health care and social assistance 

(+139,000). Job openings decreased in professional and business services (-187,000), federal 

government (-13,000), and mining and logging (-8,000). The number of job openings was little changed 

in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was essentially unchanged at 5.1 million in October. The hires rate was 3.5

percent. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires decreased in 

state and local government education (-26,000) and was little changed in all other industries. The 

number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

October 2013 - October 2016

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

October 2013 - October 2016
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.9 million total separations in October, little changed from September. The total 

separations rate in October was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total 

private and decreased for government (-39,000). Total separations decreased in state and local 

government education (-26,000), information (-20,000), and federal government (-7,000). The number 

of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in October at 3.0 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. Over 

the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private, and decreased for government

(-26,000). Quits decreased in information (-18,000) and state and local government, excluding education 

(-16,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.5 million layoffs and discharges in October, essentially unchanged from September. The 

layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.0 percent in October. The number of layoffs and 

discharges was little changed for total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level 

increased in health care and social assistance (+46,000) but decreased in state and local education

(-18,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

In October, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. Other separations increased in retail trade (+20,000) but decreased in federal government

(-3,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all other industries and in all four 

regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in October, hires totaled 62.6 million and 

separations totaled 60.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for November 2016 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, January 10, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,422 5,631 5,534 5,212 5,121 5,099 4,912 4,936 4,875

Total private....................................... 4,938 5,112 5,022 4,856 4,757 4,752 4,544 4,578 4,557

Mining and logging1............................ 19 20 12 32 28 27 34 26 27

Construction1................................... 129 221 205 314 314 328 275 296 308

Manufacturing.................................. 311 328 322 264 279 271 271 278 273

Durable goods1.............................. 181 206 190 144 163 156 150 166 157

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 130 122 132 120 116 115 120 112 116

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 931 1,020 1,048 1,057 1,097 1,083 1,003 1,039 1,041

Wholesale trade1............................ 183 169 174 128 136 132 121 117 121

Retail trade................................... 563 663 677 748 769 742 706 722 732

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 185 188 197 181 193 209 176 199 188

Information1

..................................... 114 97 87 87 80 73 81 89 69

Financial activities.............................. 308 355 348 205 170 173 192 163 160

Finance and insurance..................... 242 265 254 136 110 107 123 107 99

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 67 89 94 70 60 66 69 56 61

Professional and business services......... 1,149 1,113 926 1,058 1,080 1,020 1,002 1,009 979

Education and health services............... 1,050 1,072 1,205 644 616 637 558 560 576

Educational services1

....................... 107 102 96 87 87 80 80 69 67

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 942 970 1,109 558 528 557 479 491 510

Leisure and hospitality........................ 737 710 700 991 909 963 935 928 961

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 62 67 70 171 119 149 168 147 150

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 676 642 631 820 790 813 767 781 812

Other services1................................. 190 177 168 204 185 177 191 191 163

Government....................................... 484 519 512 356 365 347 369 357 318

Federal1

......................................... 61 101 88 40 40 42 44 37 30

State and local................................. 423 419 424 316 325 306 325 320 288

State and local education.................. 153 130 135 152 159 133 166 152 126

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 270 289 289 165 165 172 160 169 163

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4

Total private....................................... 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7

Mining and logging1

............................ 2.3 2.8 1.8 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.3 3.9 4.0

Construction1

................................... 1.9 3.2 3.0 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.6

Manufacturing.................................. 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.3 2.6 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.1

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0

Retail trade................................... 3.5 4.0 4.1 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.6 3.4

Information1

..................................... 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.2 2.5

Financial activities.............................. 3.6 4.1 4.0 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.0 1.9

Finance and insurance..................... 3.8 4.1 3.9 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.1 4.0 4.2 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.3 2.6 2.8

Professional and business services......... 5.5 5.2 4.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.8

Education and health services............... 4.5 4.5 5.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5

Educational services1

....................... 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.8 4.8 5.4 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.6 4.4 4.3 6.5 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 2.7 2.9 3.0 7.8 5.3 6.7 7.7 6.6 6.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.9 4.6 4.5 6.3 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.1

Other services1

................................. 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Government....................................... 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4

Federal1

......................................... 2.2 3.5 3.0 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.1

State and local................................. 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.2

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.9 3.1 3.1 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,422 5,643 5,831 5,453 5,631 5,534 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,938 5,115 5,284 4,941 5,112 5,022 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging3

....................... 19 12 13 11 20 12 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.6 2.8 1.8

Construction3............................... 129 187 225 192 221 205 1.9 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.0

Manufacturing.............................. 311 361 379 326 328 322 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6

Durable goods3

.......................... 181 200 223 185 206 190 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.4

Nondurable goods3

...................... 130 160 156 141 122 132 2.8 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 931 986 1,046 997 1,020 1,048 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7

Wholesale trade3

........................ 183 182 177 160 169 174 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8

Retail trade............................... 563 588 623 628 663 677 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 185 217 246 208 188 197 3.3 3.8 4.3 3.7 3.3 3.5

Information3................................. 114 94 80 83 97 87 4.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.0

Financial activities......................... 308 314 318 332 355 348 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 242 232 240 253 265 254 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.1 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 67 82 78 79 89 94 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,149 1,104 1,212 1,022 1,113 926 5.5 5.2 5.6 4.8 5.2 4.3

Education and health services........... 1,050 1,127 1,073 1,041 1,072 1,205 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 5.0

Educational services3

................... 107 102 103 95 102 96 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 942 1,025 970 946 970 1,109 4.8 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 737 741 747 749 710 700 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 62 91 94 74 67 70 2.7 3.9 4.0 3.2 2.9 3.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 676 651 653 675 642 631 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5

Other services3

............................. 190 188 191 189 177 168 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9

Government................................... 484 527 546 511 519 512 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3

Federal3

..................................... 61 86 90 88 101 88 2.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.0

State and local............................. 423 441 457 424 419 424 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1

State and local education.............. 153 139 164 147 130 135 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.3

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 270 302 292 276 289 289 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 907 928 983 944 1,034 961 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.5

South........................................... 2,057 2,166 2,119 1,961 2,028 2,000 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,293 1,275 1,333 1,223 1,270 1,317 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.9

West............................................ 1,166 1,273 1,396 1,324 1,299 1,256 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,212 5,172 5,258 5,268 5,121 5,099 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,856 4,814 4,889 4,888 4,757 4,752 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 32 23 23 31 28 27 4.0 3.4 3.4 4.6 4.2 4.0

Construction................................ 314 281 328 337 314 328 4.8 4.2 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.9

Manufacturing.............................. 264 281 276 274 279 271 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2

Durable goods........................... 144 161 163 152 163 156 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0

Nondurable goods....................... 120 119 113 122 116 115 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,057 1,038 1,059 1,091 1,097 1,083 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 128 144 135 160 136 132 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.2

Retail trade............................... 748 719 750 752 769 742 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 181 175 174 179 193 209 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.8

Information.................................. 87 76 77 71 80 73 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.6

Financial activities......................... 205 197 183 192 170 173 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 136 130 118 133 110 107 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 70 67 65 59 60 66 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,058 1,003 1,162 1,072 1,080 1,020 5.3 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.0

Education and health services........... 644 654 626 634 616 637 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8

Educational services.................... 87 96 84 92 87 80 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 558 558 542 543 528 557 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 991 1,024 1,001 1,005 909 963 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.5 5.8 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 171 180 160 174 119 149 7.8 8.0 7.1 7.7 5.3 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 820 844 840 831 790 813 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 5.9 6.1

Other services.............................. 204 238 156 180 185 177 3.6 4.2 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.1

Government................................... 356 358 368 380 365 347 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 40 38 41 40 40 42 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5

State and local............................. 316 320 328 339 325 306 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local education.............. 152 163 168 160 159 133 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 165 156 159 180 165 172 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 846 859 805 895 802 855 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.2

South........................................... 1,954 1,889 2,056 2,002 2,000 2,045 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,192 1,187 1,187 1,182 1,141 1,105 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4

West............................................ 1,220 1,237 1,210 1,189 1,178 1,095 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total............................................... 4,912 4,964 4,991 5,052 4,936 4,875 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,544 4,612 4,665 4,696 4,578 4,557 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7

Mining and logging......................... 34 28 25 31 26 27 4.3 4.0 3.7 4.6 3.9 4.0

Construction................................ 275 293 294 327 296 308 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.4 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 271 264 263 268 278 273 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2

Durable goods........................... 150 160 160 157 166 157 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 120 103 103 111 112 116 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,003 1,047 1,068 1,009 1,039 1,041 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 121 138 146 147 117 121 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0

Retail trade............................... 706 711 750 707 722 732 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 176 198 172 156 199 188 3.2 3.6 3.1 2.8 3.6 3.4

Information.................................. 81 68 81 72 89 69 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.6 3.2 2.5

Financial activities......................... 192 177 173 186 163 160 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9

Finance and insurance................. 123 118 107 123 107 99 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 69 58 66 63 56 61 3.3 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,002 943 1,045 1,008 1,009 979 5.0 4.7 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.8

Education and health services........... 558 618 584 595 560 576 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

Educational services.................... 80 102 93 85 69 67 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.4 1.9 1.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 479 517 491 510 491 510 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 935 950 944 988 928 961 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.0 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 168 155 140 193 147 150 7.7 6.9 6.2 8.6 6.6 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 767 795 804 795 781 812 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.1

Other services.............................. 191 224 188 211 191 163 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.3 2.9

Government................................... 369 352 326 357 357 318 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4

Federal...................................... 44 34 36 37 37 30 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1

State and local............................. 325 317 289 320 320 288 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5

State and local education.............. 166 164 132 162 152 126 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 160 153 158 157 169 163 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 733 787 848 876 799 768 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.9

South........................................... 1,972 1,885 2,003 1,960 1,922 1,890 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6

Midwest........................................ 1,091 1,115 1,068 1,052 1,037 1,095 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4

West............................................ 1,117 1,176 1,072 1,164 1,178 1,121 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total............................................... 2,797 2,979 2,977 3,009 3,052 2,986 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,631 2,785 2,807 2,847 2,867 2,827 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Mining and logging......................... 14 13 12 13 13 14 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0

Construction................................ 87 110 128 137 124 126 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9

Manufacturing.............................. 147 136 143 140 150 157 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3

Durable goods........................... 74 77 80 76 85 88 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2

Nondurable goods....................... 73 59 63 64 64 69 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 646 649 653 651 654 670 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 68 89 95 90 71 72 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.2

Retail trade............................... 470 459 467 475 462 487 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 108 101 90 85 121 111 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.0

Information.................................. 43 36 40 38 57 39 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.4

Financial activities......................... 114 103 100 105 86 99 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2

Finance and insurance................. 69 71 63 68 57 66 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 45 32 37 37 29 33 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 531 542 565 598 597 580 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8

Education and health services........... 364 410 398 375 411 380 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7

Educational services.................... 38 51 51 51 45 38 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 326 359 347 324 366 343 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 588 645 635 639 671 664 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 56 58 63 63 73 69 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 532 587 573 576 599 594 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5

Other services3

............................. 97 140 133 150 103 98 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.6 1.8 1.7

Government................................... 166 194 170 162 185 159 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

Federal...................................... 14 13 13 13 13 10 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3

State and local............................. 152 181 156 149 172 149 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

State and local education.............. 77 96 69 76 78 71 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 75 85 87 73 93 77 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 382 407 442 433 419 417 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,126 1,199 1,206 1,214 1,242 1,212 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3

Midwest........................................ 648 660 644 625 648 650 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0

West............................................ 641 713 685 737 743 705 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total............................................... 1,721 1,622 1,639 1,692 1,513 1,518 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,593 1,529 1,542 1,557 1,402 1,417 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 18 11 8 13 8 10 2.2 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.2 1.4

Construction................................ 177 168 146 171 153 168 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 102 106 95 110 100 94 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 61 70 64 70 60 55 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 41 36 32 40 40 39 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 273 311 331 276 294 267 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 46 37 40 48 33 36 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6

Retail trade............................... 176 189 222 175 205 170 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 51 85 68 54 57 61 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1

Information.................................. 29 24 30 24 21 16 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6

Financial activities......................... 46 51 47 51 52 45 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

Finance and insurance................. 27 30 24 32 29 22 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 19 20 23 18 23 23 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 409 340 413 358 352 340 2.1 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7

Education and health services........... 146 167 140 179 108 161 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7

Educational services.................... 37 37 34 26 19 26 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 109 130 106 153 89 135 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 314 281 278 317 231 264 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 109 95 76 125 71 78 5.0 4.2 3.3 5.5 3.2 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 205 186 203 192 161 186 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4

Other services.............................. 79 71 54 58 82 52 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.9

Government................................... 129 93 97 134 111 100 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 11 11 12 13 12 11 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 118 83 85 122 100 90 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5

State and local education.............. 61 42 42 64 49 31 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 57 41 43 58 50 58 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 285 328 337 372 308 288 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1

South........................................... 669 539 644 601 537 534 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

Midwest........................................ 364 383 354 356 315 354 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

West............................................ 404 372 304 362 353 341 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total............................................... 394 363 375 351 370 372 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 320 298 316 291 310 313 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 2 3 5 5 6 4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6

Construction3

............................... 11 15 21 19 18 13 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 22 22 24 18 28 21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 15 13 16 11 21 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 7 8 8 7 7 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 84 87 84 82 90 104 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 7 12 10 9 13 14 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 60 63 60 57 55 75 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 17 12 14 16 22 16 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Information3................................. 9 9 11 10 11 13 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

Financial activities......................... 32 23 26 31 25 16 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 27 17 19 23 21 12 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 5 6 7 7 4 4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 63 61 67 52 60 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 48 42 46 40 40 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 4 14 9 7 5 3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 44 28 38 33 35 31 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 34 24 31 32 26 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 4 2 2 5 4 2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 30 22 29 27 22 31 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 15 13 1 3 5 13 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2

Government................................... 74 65 59 60 61 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 19 11 11 11 12 9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local............................. 55 54 47 49 49 50 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 27 27 20 22 24 23 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 28 27 27 27 25 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 66 53 69 71 72 63 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 177 147 153 145 143 144 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 79 72 70 70 74 91 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

West............................................ 72 91 83 65 81 74 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,655 5,616 5,772 3.8 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,180 5,103 5,269 4.1 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 19 20 12 2.3 2.8 1.7

Construction....................................................... 129 221 205 1.9 3.1 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 311 328 322 2.5 2.6 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 181 206 190 2.3 2.6 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 130 122 132 2.7 2.6 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,001 1,093 1,122 3.6 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 183 169 174 3.0 2.8 2.8

Retail trade..................................................... 633 736 751 3.9 4.4 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 185 188 197 3.3 3.3 3.5

Information........................................................ 114 97 87 4.0 3.4 3.1

Financial activities................................................ 341 350 373 4.0 4.0 4.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 275 261 280 4.3 4.1 4.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 67 89 94 3.1 4.0 4.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,224 1,095 1,010 5.8 5.1 4.7

Education and health services.................................. 1,098 1,046 1,260 4.7 4.4 5.2

Educational services.......................................... 107 102 96 2.9 2.8 2.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 990 944 1,164 5.0 4.7 5.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 754 676 708 4.7 4.1 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 63 50 68 2.8 2.1 3.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 691 626 640 5.0 4.4 4.6

Other services.................................................... 190 177 168 3.3 3.0 2.9

Government.......................................................... 475 513 503 2.1 2.3 2.2

Federal............................................................. 61 101 88 2.2 3.5 3.0

State and local.................................................... 414 412 415 2.1 2.1 2.1

State and local education..................................... 143 124 126 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 270 289 289 2.9 3.1 3.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 949 1,048 1,008 3.4 3.8 3.6

South................................................................. 2,161 1,999 2,094 4.0 3.6 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,315 1,281 1,370 3.9 3.8 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,230 1,288 1,301 3.6 3.8 3.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,509 5,265 5,364 3.8 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,184 4,811 5,055 4.3 3.9 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 31 28 28 4.0 4.1 4.1

Construction....................................................... 318 288 332 4.7 4.2 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 272 290 276 2.2 2.4 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 144 165 152 1.9 2.2 2.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 128 125 123 2.8 2.7 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,277 1,099 1,316 4.7 4.0 4.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 133 139 133 2.3 2.3 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 944 749 929 6.0 4.7 5.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 201 211 254 3.7 3.8 4.6

Information........................................................ 98 78 80 3.5 2.8 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 224 163 189 2.7 2.0 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 148 105 114 2.4 1.7 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 76 59 74 3.6 2.7 3.4

Professional and business services............................ 1,123 1,054 1,075 5.6 5.2 5.2

Education and health services.................................. 698 713 684 3.1 3.1 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 88 155 77 2.4 4.4 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 610 558 607 3.2 2.9 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 943 905 909 6.2 5.7 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 135 109 120 6.3 4.7 5.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 808 797 789 6.2 5.9 5.9

Other services.................................................... 199 193 166 3.5 3.4 2.9

Government.......................................................... 326 454 310 1.5 2.0 1.4

Federal............................................................. 38 37 40 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local.................................................... 288 417 270 1.5 2.2 1.4

State and local education..................................... 151 276 122 1.4 2.7 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 137 141 148 1.5 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 885 906 897 3.3 3.4 3.3

South................................................................. 2,052 1,979 2,149 3.9 3.8 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,229 1,142 1,129 3.8 3.5 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,344 1,239 1,190 4.1 3.8 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,089 5,292 5,056 3.5 3.6 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,779 4,888 4,776 3.9 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 35 29 28 4.4 4.2 4.0

Construction....................................................... 307 292 343 4.6 4.2 5.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 290 303 293 2.3 2.5 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 153 175 157 2.0 2.3 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 137 128 136 3.0 2.8 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,003 1,033 1,050 3.7 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 135 124 140 2.3 2.1 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 689 712 710 4.4 4.5 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 179 197 200 3.3 3.6 3.6

Information........................................................ 86 88 69 3.1 3.2 2.5

Financial activities................................................ 196 158 162 2.4 1.9 1.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 125 102 97 2.1 1.7 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 71 56 65 3.4 2.6 3.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,040 1,018 1,012 5.2 5.0 4.9

Education and health services.................................. 545 586 567 2.4 2.6 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 58 73 48 1.6 2.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 487 513 519 2.6 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,081 1,158 1,087 7.1 7.3 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 220 256 187 10.2 11.1 8.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 860 901 900 6.6 6.7 6.8

Other services.................................................... 198 222 165 3.5 3.9 2.9

Government.......................................................... 310 404 280 1.4 1.8 1.2

Federal............................................................. 45 41 30 1.6 1.5 1.1

State and local.................................................... 264 364 249 1.3 1.9 1.3

State and local education..................................... 99 129 76 0.9 1.3 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 165 235 173 1.8 2.6 1.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 757 961 782 2.8 3.6 2.9

South................................................................. 2,033 1,961 1,950 3.9 3.7 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,117 1,107 1,137 3.5 3.4 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,182 1,263 1,187 3.6 3.8 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 2,909 3,249 3,140 2.0 2.2 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,765 3,057 3,003 2.3 2.5 2.4

Mining and logging............................................... 16 15 15 2.0 2.2 2.2

Construction....................................................... 96 128 141 1.4 1.9 2.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 151 165 169 1.2 1.3 1.4

Durable goods.................................................. 75 92 92 1.0 1.2 1.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 76 73 77 1.7 1.6 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 675 698 714 2.5 2.6 2.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 80 75 82 1.4 1.3 1.4

Retail trade..................................................... 484 493 506 3.1 3.1 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 111 130 127 2.0 2.4 2.3

Information........................................................ 47 58 40 1.7 2.1 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 115 84 101 1.4 1.0 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 70 55 68 1.1 0.9 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 45 29 33 2.1 1.3 1.5

Professional and business services............................ 575 593 634 2.9 2.9 3.1

Education and health services.................................. 368 431 383 1.6 1.9 1.7

Educational services.......................................... 32 52 30 0.9 1.5 0.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 337 379 352 1.8 2.0 1.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 625 782 707 4.1 5.0 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 58 102 72 2.7 4.5 3.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 567 679 636 4.3 5.0 4.8

Other services.................................................... 97 103 98 1.7 1.8 1.7

Government.......................................................... 144 192 136 0.6 0.9 0.6

Federal............................................................. 14 15 10 0.5 0.5 0.3

State and local.................................................... 130 177 127 0.7 0.9 0.6

State and local education..................................... 55 74 50 0.5 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 75 104 77 0.8 1.1 0.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 389 492 430 1.5 1.8 1.6

South................................................................. 1,151 1,276 1,252 2.2 2.4 2.4

Midwest............................................................... 682 695 696 2.1 2.1 2.1

West.................................................................. 687 786 762 2.1 2.4 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 1,817 1,683 1,570 1.3 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,706 1,527 1,469 1.4 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 18 8 10 2.2 1.1 1.4

Construction....................................................... 200 146 188 3.0 2.1 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 117 113 104 1.0 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 63 65 52 0.8 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 54 48 52 1.2 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 250 245 235 0.9 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 46 33 36 0.8 0.6 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 154 167 140 1.0 1.1 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 51 45 58 0.9 0.8 1.1

Information........................................................ 30 19 15 1.1 0.7 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 48 49 46 0.6 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 28 26 19 0.5 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 20 23 27 1.0 1.1 1.3

Professional and business services............................ 407 369 322 2.0 1.8 1.6

Education and health services.................................. 128 114 150 0.6 0.5 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 22 15 15 0.6 0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 106 99 135 0.6 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 422 350 346 2.8 2.2 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 158 150 113 7.4 6.5 5.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 264 200 233 2.0 1.5 1.7

Other services.................................................... 86 114 54 1.5 2.0 0.9

Government.......................................................... 111 155 100 0.5 0.7 0.4

Federal............................................................. 13 13 12 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 98 142 89 0.5 0.7 0.4

State and local education..................................... 32 36 16 0.3 0.4 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 67 106 72 0.7 1.2 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 304 389 290 1.1 1.4 1.1

South................................................................. 716 555 560 1.4 1.1 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 370 339 363 1.2 1.0 1.1

West.................................................................. 427 399 356 1.3 1.2 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 364 360 347 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 309 303 304 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 6 3 0.2 0.8 0.4

Construction....................................................... 11 18 13 0.2 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 21 25 21 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 14 18 13 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 7 7 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 78 90 101 0.3 0.3 0.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 9 16 22 0.2 0.3 0.4

Retail trade..................................................... 52 52 64 0.3 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 17 22 16 0.3 0.4 0.3

Information........................................................ 9 11 13 0.3 0.4 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 33 25 15 0.4 0.3 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 28 21 11 0.5 0.3 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 5 4 4 0.3 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 58 56 56 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 48 40 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 4 5 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 44 35 31 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 34 26 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 4 4 2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 30 22 31 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 15 5 13 0.3 0.1 0.2

Government.......................................................... 55 57 43 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 19 12 9 0.7 0.4 0.3

State and local.................................................... 36 44 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 13 19 11 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 24 25 24 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 65 79 62 0.2 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 166 131 138 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 65 73 78 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 69 78 69 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.