For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 10, 2016 USDL-16-0944

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2016

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.8 million on the last business day of March, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires edged down to 5.3 million while separations were little 

changed at 5.0 million. Within separations, the quits rate was 2.1 percent, and the layoffs and discharges 

rate was 1.2 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and 

separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

Job openings were little changed at 5.8 million in March. The job openings rate was 3.9 percent. The 

number of job openings was little changed in March for total private and edged up for government. Job 

openings increased in professional and business services (+124,000), transportation, warehousing, and 

utilities (+35,000), and nondurable goods manufacturing (+29,000). Job openings decreased in retail 

trade (-80,000), educational services (-36,000), and wholesale trade (-35,000). The number of job 

openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged down to 5.3 million in March. The hires rate was 3.7 percent. The number of 

hires decreased for total private (-241,000) and was little changed for government. Hires rose in state 

and local government education (+23,000), but fell in retail trade (-85,000) and educational services 

(-21,000). In the regions, hires decreased in the West. (See table 2.)

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep-13 Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

March 2013 - March 2016

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep-13 Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

March 2013 - March 2016
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.0 million total separations in March, little changed from February. The total separations

rate in March was 3.5 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and

for government. Total separations decreased in finance and insurance (-38,000). The number of total 

separations was down in the South region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in March at 3.0 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. Over the 

month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and government. Quits increased in

construction (+50,000) and state and local government, excluding education (+9,000). Quits decreased 

in finance and insurance (-38,000) and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-19,000). The number of quits 

was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in March, little changed from February. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the month

for total private and for government. In March, layoffs and discharges rose in arts, entertainment, and 

recreation (+35,000) but fell in mining and logging (-6,000). The number of layoffs and discharges 

decreased in the South region. (See table 5.)

In March, other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The 

number of other separations decreased in retail trade (-22,000), nondurable goods manufacturing 

(-7,000), and information (-5,000). In the regions, the number of other separations increased in the 

Northeast and Midwest but decreased in the West. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 62.4 million and 

separations totaled 59.6 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.8 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2016 are scheduled to be released 

on Wednesday, June 8, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,180 5,608 5,757 5,110 5,510 5,292 4,985 5,159 5,045

Total private....................................... 4,660 5,132 5,251 4,783 5,154 4,913 4,654 4,812 4,698

Mining and logging1............................ 16 10 10 25 23 26 45 42 41

Construction1................................... 177 201 210 314 341 344 335 325 334

Manufacturing.................................. 311 320 356 259 276 250 260 304 286

Durable goods1.............................. 197 169 176 150 163 144 152 187 171

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 115 151 180 109 113 106 108 117 114

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 877 1,026 946 1,117 1,182 1,088 1,082 1,052 1,028

Wholesale trade1............................ 141 216 181 162 147 164 147 137 148

Retail trade................................... 519 649 569 770 856 771 752 751 729

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 217 161 196 185 178 152 183 164 150

Information1

..................................... 107 87 71 79 80 72 83 70 68

Financial activities.............................. 265 351 341 199 234 220 177 219 192

Finance and insurance..................... 197 261 270 142 164 139 129 156 118

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 69 91 71 57 70 81 48 63 74

Professional and business services......... 1,062 1,101 1,225 1,056 1,110 1,058 1,021 1,072 1,025

Education and health services............... 877 1,047 1,037 590 651 622 543 552 550

Educational services1

....................... 89 113 77 76 101 80 69 86 71

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 788 934 960 514 550 542 474 466 479

Leisure and hospitality........................ 745 751 780 938 1,062 1,017 922 1,011 966

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 101 69 84 160 152 152 146 132 149

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 644 682 696 778 909 865 776 879 817

Other services1................................. 223 238 274 206 195 217 187 165 209

Government....................................... 520 475 506 328 357 379 331 348 347

Federal1

......................................... 85 88 99 38 43 40 36 40 38

State and local................................. 435 387 407 290 313 338 295 308 309

State and local education.................. 141 147 145 132 152 175 152 167 169

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 294 240 262 158 161 163 144 141 141

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5

Total private....................................... 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.9 1.3 1.3 3.0 3.2 3.6 5.3 5.8 5.6

Construction1

................................... 2.7 2.9 3.0 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.0

Manufacturing.................................. 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.3

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.5 3.2 3.8 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.2 3.6 3.4 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.3 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.5

Retail trade................................... 3.2 3.9 3.4 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.9 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.8 3.4 3.0 2.8

Information1

..................................... 3.8 3.1 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.5

Financial activities.............................. 3.2 4.1 4.0 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 3.2 4.1 4.2 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.2 4.1 3.2 2.7 3.3 3.8 2.3 3.0 3.5

Professional and business services......... 5.2 5.2 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1

Education and health services............... 3.9 4.4 4.4 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4

Educational services1

....................... 2.5 3.1 2.2 2.2 2.9 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.1 4.7 4.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.7 4.6 4.8 6.3 6.9 6.6 6.1 6.6 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.5 3.0 3.6 7.5 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.0 6.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.8 4.9 5.0 6.1 6.9 6.5 6.0 6.7 6.2

Other services1

................................. 3.8 4.0 4.6 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.3 2.9 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Government....................................... 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 3.0 3.1 3.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4

State and local................................. 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.2 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,180 5,198 5,281 5,604 5,608 5,757 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,660 4,725 4,786 5,137 5,132 5,251 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1

Mining and logging3

....................... 16 15 14 17 10 10 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.3

Construction3............................... 177 101 124 157 201 210 2.7 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.9 3.0

Manufacturing.............................. 311 238 317 336 320 356 2.5 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8

Durable goods3

.......................... 197 138 174 183 169 176 2.5 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 115 100 143 153 151 180 2.5 2.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 877 861 822 979 1,026 946 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 141 128 137 199 216 181 2.3 2.1 2.3 3.3 3.5 3.0

Retail trade............................... 519 527 538 602 649 569 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 217 205 147 178 161 196 3.9 3.6 2.6 3.2 2.9 3.5

Information3................................. 107 68 101 97 87 71 3.8 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.5

Financial activities......................... 265 356 390 372 351 341 3.2 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 197 312 319 298 261 270 3.2 4.9 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 69 44 71 74 91 71 3.2 2.0 3.3 3.4 4.1 3.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,062 1,126 1,034 1,088 1,101 1,225 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.8

Education and health services........... 877 1,113 1,075 1,129 1,047 1,037 3.9 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.4

Educational services3

................... 89 89 93 83 113 77 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.3 3.1 2.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 788 1,023 982 1,046 934 960 4.1 5.2 4.9 5.2 4.7 4.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 745 732 710 745 751 780 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 101 64 62 68 69 84 4.5 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 644 668 648 677 682 696 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.0

Other services3

............................. 223 116 199 217 238 274 3.8 2.0 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.6

Government................................... 520 473 495 467 475 506 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2

Federal3

..................................... 85 72 80 80 88 99 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.5

State and local............................. 435 401 415 387 387 407 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

State and local education.............. 141 160 171 152 147 145 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 294 241 245 235 240 262 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 848 897 887 900 895 890 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2

South........................................... 1,892 2,071 1,981 2,077 2,110 2,158 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,206 1,121 1,100 1,311 1,283 1,314 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.9

West............................................ 1,234 1,109 1,313 1,316 1,319 1,394 3.7 3.3 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total............................................... 5,110 5,253 5,401 5,125 5,510 5,292 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,783 4,904 5,042 4,789 5,154 4,913 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 25 21 33 26 23 26 3.0 2.8 4.3 3.4 3.2 3.6

Construction................................ 314 340 322 305 341 344 4.9 5.2 4.9 4.6 5.1 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 259 278 274 274 276 250 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0

Durable goods........................... 150 153 163 168 163 144 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9

Nondurable goods....................... 109 126 112 106 113 106 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,117 1,085 1,087 1,062 1,182 1,088 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 162 134 128 137 147 164 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.8

Retail trade............................... 770 766 760 765 856 771 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.4 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 185 186 199 161 178 152 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.0 3.3 2.8

Information.................................. 79 71 72 84 80 72 2.9 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.6

Financial activities......................... 199 208 217 229 234 220 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 142 137 142 164 164 139 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 57 71 75 65 70 81 2.7 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,056 1,056 1,175 1,080 1,110 1,058 5.4 5.3 5.9 5.4 5.5 5.3

Education and health services........... 590 661 641 579 651 622 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.8

Educational services.................... 76 102 84 60 101 80 2.2 2.9 2.4 1.7 2.9 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 514 559 557 519 550 542 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 938 992 1,024 967 1,062 1,017 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.3 6.9 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 160 131 151 157 152 152 7.5 5.9 6.9 7.1 6.9 6.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 778 861 873 810 909 865 6.1 6.6 6.6 6.1 6.9 6.5

Other services.............................. 206 190 198 183 195 217 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.8

Government................................... 328 349 359 335 357 379 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

Federal...................................... 38 45 45 41 43 40 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local............................. 290 304 314 295 313 338 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8

State and local education.............. 132 157 165 162 152 175 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 158 148 149 133 161 163 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 795 851 827 795 850 824 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1

South........................................... 1,996 1,985 2,109 1,851 2,083 2,082 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,166 1,197 1,249 1,259 1,276 1,261 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9

West............................................ 1,153 1,219 1,216 1,220 1,302 1,125 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total............................................... 4,985 4,958 5,128 4,977 5,159 5,045 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,654 4,616 4,774 4,631 4,812 4,698 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 45 35 45 43 42 41 5.3 4.6 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6

Construction................................ 335 292 283 279 325 334 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.9 5.0

Manufacturing.............................. 260 267 263 266 304 286 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.3

Durable goods........................... 152 154 162 158 187 171 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 108 113 101 108 117 114 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,082 1,040 1,074 1,052 1,052 1,028 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 147 127 133 142 137 148 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5

Retail trade............................... 752 744 762 725 751 729 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 183 169 178 185 164 150 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.0 2.8

Information.................................. 83 79 61 79 70 68 3.0 2.9 2.2 2.9 2.5 2.5

Financial activities......................... 177 190 203 215 219 192 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 129 136 142 154 156 118 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 48 54 62 60 63 74 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,021 1,020 1,095 1,053 1,072 1,025 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.1

Education and health services........... 543 600 578 557 552 550 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4

Educational services.................... 69 97 74 77 86 71 2.0 2.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 474 503 504 480 466 479 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 922 939 1,003 907 1,011 966 6.1 6.1 6.5 5.9 6.6 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 146 130 141 157 132 149 6.8 5.9 6.5 7.2 6.0 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 776 809 862 750 879 817 6.0 6.2 6.6 5.7 6.7 6.2

Other services.............................. 187 154 168 181 165 209 3.3 2.7 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.7

Government................................... 331 342 354 346 348 347 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 36 42 40 41 40 38 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4

State and local............................. 295 300 314 304 308 309 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 152 160 161 168 167 169 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 144 140 153 137 141 141 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 748 797 855 775 808 813 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.0

South........................................... 1,921 1,952 2,011 1,906 2,000 1,850 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.5

Midwest........................................ 1,159 1,112 1,105 1,114 1,181 1,250 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.9

West............................................ 1,157 1,098 1,156 1,182 1,170 1,133 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total............................................... 2,722 2,862 3,088 2,851 2,955 2,980 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,561 2,705 2,922 2,684 2,793 2,808 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3

Mining and logging......................... 12 18 16 19 11 14 1.4 2.4 2.1 2.6 1.6 2.0

Construction................................ 116 129 137 86 111 161 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.3 1.7 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 127 145 133 147 154 143 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

Durable goods........................... 72 74 80 83 89 79 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

Nondurable goods....................... 55 71 54 64 65 64 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 637 627 719 637 618 653 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 77 72 81 86 86 91 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

Retail trade............................... 479 471 518 462 446 488 3.1 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 82 85 120 90 87 75 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.4

Information.................................. 48 42 35 38 38 40 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

Financial activities......................... 89 86 122 111 130 101 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.2

Finance and insurance................. 68 62 87 81 93 55 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 21 24 36 30 37 46 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.8 2.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 478 522 614 550 577 551 2.5 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.7

Education and health services........... 362 408 385 343 379 390 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7

Educational services.................... 39 55 49 47 43 40 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 322 353 336 296 335 350 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 600 636 671 636 683 654 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 43 53 60 64 77 58 2.0 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.5 2.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 558 583 611 572 606 596 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.5

Other services3

............................. 91 91 89 117 91 101 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.8

Government................................... 161 157 166 167 162 172 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Federal...................................... 12 14 13 13 14 13 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 149 143 153 154 149 158 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 73 72 75 80 78 78 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 76 71 78 73 71 80 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 375 400 445 401 415 406 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5

South........................................... 1,127 1,137 1,286 1,179 1,167 1,167 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2

Midwest........................................ 605 687 656 629 725 713 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2

West............................................ 615 638 701 641 647 694 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total............................................... 1,907 1,718 1,672 1,704 1,808 1,671 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,802 1,599 1,549 1,582 1,687 1,563 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 31 12 26 21 27 21 3.7 1.6 3.4 2.8 3.7 2.9

Construction................................ 200 157 138 182 202 160 3.1 2.4 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 108 101 104 97 121 116 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9

Durable goods........................... 65 64 65 61 83 73 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9

Nondurable goods....................... 43 37 39 35 38 43 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 354 302 266 312 320 274 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 64 45 39 48 42 44 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8

Retail trade............................... 204 189 177 194 211 169 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 85 69 50 71 67 61 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1

Information.................................. 23 31 19 25 21 22 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8

Financial activities......................... 61 58 62 57 64 64 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

Finance and insurance................. 39 32 38 37 41 43 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 23 26 24 20 23 21 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 495 441 414 442 427 394 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0

Education and health services........... 143 156 149 152 145 137 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Educational services.................... 28 37 22 27 40 29 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 115 119 127 126 104 108 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 297 280 298 237 295 286 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 101 72 80 91 53 88 4.7 3.3 3.6 4.1 2.4 4.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 197 208 219 146 243 198 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.8 1.5

Other services.............................. 88 59 72 56 66 91 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.6

Government................................... 106 119 123 122 121 108 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 13 11 10 15 8 6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2

State and local............................. 93 108 113 108 113 102 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

State and local education.............. 55 62 61 65 68 67 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 38 46 52 43 45 35 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 300 329 324 299 346 340 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3

South........................................... 679 647 601 576 669 535 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0

Midwest........................................ 476 348 374 407 384 435 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4

West............................................ 452 393 372 422 408 361 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total............................................... 356 378 368 422 397 395 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 291 311 303 365 332 327 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 2 5 3 2 4 5 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7

Construction3

............................... 19 6 8 11 13 14 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 24 20 26 22 29 27 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 15 17 13 15 20 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods3...................... 10 5 8 9 14 7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 92 110 89 102 113 101 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 6 10 14 8 9 13 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 69 84 68 69 94 72 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 17 15 8 24 10 15 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.3

Information3................................. 11 5 7 16 11 6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.2

Financial activities......................... 27 46 19 47 25 28 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 22 42 17 36 22 21 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 5 4 2 11 3 7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 47 56 66 61 68 80 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 38 36 44 61 29 24 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Educational services3................... 2 5 4 3 2 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 36 31 40 58 27 21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 24 23 34 34 32 26 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 2 5 2 3 2 2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 22 18 32 32 30 24 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 8 4 7 8 8 17 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Government................................... 65 66 65 56 65 68 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 17 17 14 18 19 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7

State and local............................. 54 49 48 43 47 49 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local education.............. 24 26 25 22 22 23 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 30 23 23 20 24 26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 73 67 86 75 46 68 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 114 168 125 151 163 148 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 78 77 75 77 72 102 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

West............................................ 90 66 82 119 116 77 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,133 5,377 5,729 3.5 3.6 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,631 4,923 5,242 3.8 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 16 10 10 1.9 1.4 1.4

Construction....................................................... 177 201 210 2.8 3.1 3.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 311 320 356 2.5 2.5 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 197 169 176 2.5 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 115 151 180 2.5 3.2 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 874 966 941 3.2 3.5 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 141 216 181 2.4 3.5 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 516 590 564 3.3 3.6 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 217 161 196 3.9 2.9 3.5

Information........................................................ 107 87 71 3.8 3.1 2.5

Financial activities................................................ 262 318 334 3.2 3.8 3.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 193 228 264 3.1 3.6 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 69 91 71 3.2 4.2 3.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,030 1,046 1,214 5.1 5.0 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 857 993 1,010 3.8 4.2 4.3

Educational services.......................................... 89 113 77 2.4 3.0 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 768 880 933 4.0 4.4 4.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 773 743 822 5.0 4.8 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 106 63 97 5.1 3.1 4.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 667 680 724 5.0 5.0 5.3

Other services.................................................... 223 238 274 3.8 4.1 4.6

Government.......................................................... 503 454 487 2.2 2.0 2.1

Federal............................................................. 85 88 99 3.0 3.1 3.5

State and local.................................................... 418 366 388 2.1 1.8 1.9

State and local education..................................... 124 126 126 1.1 1.2 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 294 240 262 3.2 2.6 2.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 829 832 862 3.1 3.1 3.1

South................................................................. 1,876 2,041 2,140 3.5 3.8 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,206 1,235 1,328 3.7 3.7 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,222 1,269 1,399 3.7 3.8 4.1

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 4,825 4,541 4,965 3.4 3.2 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,575 4,282 4,681 3.9 3.6 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 25 19 26 3.0 2.7 3.7

Construction....................................................... 311 285 347 5.1 4.6 5.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 254 242 243 2.1 2.0 2.0

Durable goods.................................................. 151 147 144 1.9 1.9 1.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 103 96 99 2.3 2.1 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,072 905 1,032 4.1 3.4 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 162 128 170 2.8 2.2 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 748 649 737 4.9 4.2 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 162 129 125 3.1 2.4 2.3

Information........................................................ 68 65 61 2.5 2.3 2.2

Financial activities................................................ 179 190 200 2.2 2.3 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 127 138 123 2.1 2.3 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 52 52 77 2.5 2.5 3.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,019 984 1,013 5.3 5.0 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 518 551 541 2.4 2.4 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 49 85 51 1.3 2.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 469 467 490 2.6 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 938 875 1,012 6.4 5.9 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 155 100 150 7.8 5.0 7.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 782 775 862 6.2 6.1 6.6

Other services.................................................... 192 165 207 3.4 2.9 3.7

Government.......................................................... 250 259 284 1.1 1.2 1.3

Federal............................................................. 37 33 39 1.4 1.2 1.4

State and local.................................................... 213 226 245 1.1 1.2 1.2

State and local education..................................... 73 110 99 0.7 1.0 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 140 116 146 1.6 1.3 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 739 632 756 2.8 2.4 2.8

South................................................................. 1,906 1,795 1,982 3.7 3.5 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,109 1,012 1,191 3.5 3.2 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,072 1,101 1,037 3.4 3.4 3.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 4,310 4,198 4,373 3.1 3.0 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,076 3,985 4,133 3.5 3.3 3.4

Mining and logging............................................... 44 40 40 5.1 5.5 5.6

Construction....................................................... 277 273 280 4.6 4.4 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 234 263 263 1.9 2.2 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 138 167 159 1.8 2.2 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 95 96 104 2.1 2.1 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 950 892 897 3.6 3.3 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 145 122 148 2.5 2.1 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 641 648 614 4.2 4.2 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 165 122 134 3.1 2.3 2.5

Information........................................................ 78 58 64 2.9 2.1 2.3

Financial activities................................................ 162 171 182 2.0 2.1 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 121 114 114 2.0 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 42 57 68 2.0 2.8 3.3

Professional and business services............................ 929 944 931 4.8 4.8 4.7

Education and health services.................................. 485 443 492 2.2 2.0 2.2

Educational services.......................................... 45 47 44 1.2 1.3 1.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 441 397 448 2.4 2.1 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 759 752 801 5.2 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 110 78 117 5.5 3.9 5.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 649 674 685 5.1 5.3 5.3

Other services.................................................... 159 148 184 2.8 2.6 3.3

Government.......................................................... 234 214 240 1.0 1.0 1.1

Federal............................................................. 32 31 32 1.2 1.1 1.1

State and local.................................................... 202 183 208 1.0 0.9 1.1

State and local education..................................... 83 81 91 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 119 102 117 1.3 1.1 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 596 617 659 2.3 2.3 2.5

South................................................................. 1,737 1,665 1,654 3.4 3.2 3.2

Midwest............................................................... 953 948 1,061 3.0 3.0 3.3

West.................................................................. 1,023 969 999 3.2 3.0 3.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 2,451 2,428 2,680 1.7 1.7 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,326 2,312 2,546 2.0 1.9 2.1

Mining and logging............................................... 10 9 12 1.2 1.3 1.7

Construction....................................................... 97 87 138 1.6 1.4 2.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 121 123 136 1.0 1.0 1.1

Durable goods.................................................. 70 71 77 0.9 0.9 1.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 51 52 59 1.1 1.1 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 572 514 589 2.2 1.9 2.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 75 74 91 1.3 1.3 1.5

Retail trade..................................................... 417 372 428 2.7 2.4 2.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 80 68 70 1.5 1.3 1.3

Information........................................................ 44 31 36 1.6 1.1 1.3

Financial activities................................................ 88 108 99 1.1 1.3 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 67 71 54 1.1 1.2 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 21 37 46 1.0 1.8 2.2

Professional and business services............................ 452 499 510 2.3 2.5 2.6

Education and health services.................................. 330 319 359 1.5 1.4 1.6

Educational services.......................................... 29 28 28 0.8 0.8 0.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 302 292 331 1.6 1.5 1.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 521 531 565 3.6 3.6 3.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 32 51 43 1.6 2.6 2.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 489 480 522 3.9 3.8 4.0

Other services.................................................... 91 91 101 1.6 1.6 1.8

Government.......................................................... 124 116 134 0.6 0.5 0.6

Federal............................................................. 10 11 12 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 114 105 122 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local education..................................... 47 47 50 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 67 58 72 0.8 0.7 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 319 331 343 1.2 1.3 1.3

South................................................................. 1,043 971 1,071 2.0 1.9 2.1

Midwest............................................................... 528 585 631 1.7 1.8 2.0

West.................................................................. 561 542 635 1.8 1.7 2.0

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 1,543 1,406 1,330 1.1 1.0 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,482 1,352 1,275 1.3 1.1 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 31 27 21 3.7 3.7 3.0

Construction....................................................... 160 173 128 2.6 2.8 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 89 113 100 0.7 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 55 83 63 0.7 1.1 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 35 30 37 0.8 0.7 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 301 266 227 1.1 1.0 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 64 42 44 1.1 0.7 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 169 181 133 1.1 1.2 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 68 43 49 1.3 0.8 0.9

Information........................................................ 23 17 21 0.8 0.6 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 54 46 62 0.7 0.6 0.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 38 29 46 0.6 0.5 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 16 17 15 0.8 0.8 0.7

Professional and business services............................ 432 378 331 2.2 1.9 1.7

Education and health services.................................. 117 95 109 0.5 0.4 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 14 17 14 0.4 0.5 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 103 79 95 0.6 0.4 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 213 188 210 1.5 1.3 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 75 25 71 3.8 1.3 3.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 138 163 139 1.1 1.3 1.1

Other services.................................................... 60 49 66 1.1 0.9 1.2

Government.......................................................... 61 53 56 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 12 4 5 0.5 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 49 49 51 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local education..................................... 24 25 29 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 25 24 21 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 210 243 251 0.8 0.9 0.9

South................................................................. 600 540 461 1.2 1.0 0.9

Midwest............................................................... 360 299 337 1.1 0.9 1.1

West.................................................................. 372 324 281 1.2 1.0 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Total..................................................................... 316 364 362 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 268 320 312 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 2 3 6 0.2 0.5 0.9

Construction....................................................... 19 13 14 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 24 27 27 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 14 13 20 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 10 14 7 0.2 0.3 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 78 112 81 0.3 0.4 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 5 6 13 0.1 0.1 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 56 95 53 0.4 0.6 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 17 10 15 0.3 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 11 11 6 0.4 0.4 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 20 18 21 0.2 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 15 14 14 0.3 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 5 3 7 0.2 0.2 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 45 68 90 0.2 0.3 0.5

Education and health services.................................. 38 29 24 0.2 0.1 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 2 2 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 36 27 21 0.2 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 24 32 26 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 2 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 22 30 24 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 8 8 17 0.1 0.1 0.3

Government.......................................................... 48 45 50 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 15 15 0.3 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 39 30 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 12 9 12 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 20 23 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 67 43 64 0.3 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 94 154 123 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 66 64 92 0.2 0.2 0.3

West.................................................................. 90 103 83 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.