Technical information:  (202) 691-6569    USDL 01-415
               http://www.bls.gov/oes/
                                          For release:  10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact:                691-5902    Wednesday, November 14, 2001


                  OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, 2000


   The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
announces the release of national employment and wage estimates for wage
and salary workers from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)
survey.  Legal, management, and computer and mathematical occupations are
the highest paying occupations.  The OES survey is a federal-state 
cooperative program between BLS and State Employment Security Agencies 
(SESAs).

   The OES survey provides estimates of employment, average (mean) and median 
hourly wages, and mean annual wages for over 750 detailed occupations and for 
22 major occupational groups, as defined by the Standard Occupational Classi-
fication (SOC) system.  (See Technical Note.)  Table A displays the number and 
percentage of detailed occupations within each major occupational group, as 
well as the level and distribution of employment and the mean hourly wage for 
each occupational group.

   The major group with the largest employment is office and administrative 
support occupations, with almost 18 percent of total employment.  The next 
largest groups are sales and related occupations and production occupations, 
each with about 10 percent of total employment.  The smallest occupational 
groups in terms of employment are the farming, fishing, and forestry 
occupations, legal occupations, and life, physical, and social science 
occupations.
   
   The highest paying major groups of occupations are the legal occupations 
group and the management occupations group.  The occupational groups with the 
lowest mean wages are the food preparation and serving related occupations, 
farming, fishing, and forestry occupations, building and grounds cleaning and 
maintenance occupations, and personal care and service occupations.  Table B 
shows that over half of all workers in these latter four groups earn less than 
$8.50 per hour.  Management occupations and legal occupations were the two 
major groups where at least 20 percent of workers earned more than $43.75 per 
hour.  Workers in the business and financial operations occupations, archi-
tecture and engineering occupations, life, physical, and social science occu-
pations, community and social services occupations, education, training, and 
library occupations, healthcare practitioner and technical occupations, and 
installation, maintenance, and repair occupations groups were concentrated in 
the middle wage ranges, with over half of employment falling in these ranges.
   
   The OES survey estimates for 2000 are based on responses from establish-
ments collected for 1999 and 2000, the first two years of SOC-based data 
collected in this 3-year survey.  Employment estimates for 1999 were based on 
establishment responses for 1999 only and therefore aren't directly comparable 
with the 2000 survey estimates.
   
                                   - 2 -

Table A.  Employment and wages by major occupational group, 2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            |                  |                    |
                            |   Occupations    |     Employment     | Mean
  Major occupational group  |---------------------------------------|hourly            
                            |        | Percent |           |Percent | wage
                            | Number | of total|   Number  |of total|   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                               
     Total..................|   770  |  100.0  |129,738,980|  100.0 |
Management..................|    30  |    3.9  |  7,782,680|    6.0 |$32.78  
Business and financial      |        |         |           |        |
  operations................|    28  |    3.6  |  4,619,270|    3.6 | 23.30
Computer and mathematical...|    16  |    2.1  |  2,932,810|    2.3 | 27.91
Architecture and            |        |         |           |        |
  engineering...............|    35  |    4.5  |  2,575,620|    2.0 | 25.99
Life, physical, and social  |        |         |           |        |
  science...................|    39  |    5.1  |  1,038,670|     .8 | 22.97
Community and social        |        |         |           |        |
  services..................|    14  |    1.8  |  1,469,000|    1.1 | 15.82
Legal ......................|     9  |    1.2  |    890,910|     .7 | 33.14
Education, training, and    |        |         |           |        |
  library...................|    58  |    7.5  |  7,450,860|    5.7 | 18.22
Arts, design, entertainment,|        |         |           |        |
  sports, and media.........|    37  |    4.8  |  1,513,420|    1.2 | 18.58
Healthcare practitioner and |        |         |           |        |
  technical.................|    46  |    6.0  |  6,041,210|    4.7 | 23.07
Healthcare support..........|    15  |    1.9  |  3,039,430|    2.3 | 10.11
Protective service .........|    20  |    2.6  |  3,009,070|    2.3 | 14.80
Food preparation and serving|        |         |           |        |
  related...................|    16  |    2.1  |  9,955,060|    7.7 |  7.72                               
Building and grounds        |        |         |           |        |
  cleaning and maintenance..|     9  |    1.2  |  4,318,070|    3.3 |  9.41
Personal care and service...|    33  |    4.3  |  2,700,510|    2.1 |  9.86
Sales and related...........|    21  |    2.7  | 13,506,880|   10.4 | 13.46
Office and administrative   |        |         |           |        |
  support...................|    56  |    7.3  | 22,936,140|   17.7 | 12.64
Farming, fishing, and       |        |         |           |        |
  forestry..................|    13  |    1.7  |    460,700|     .4 |  9.07
Construction and extraction.|    58  |    7.5  |  6,187,360|    4.8 | 16.56
Installation, maintenance,  |        |         |           |        |
  and repair................|    53  |    6.9  |  5,318,490|    4.1 | 16.23
Production..................|   112  |   14.5  | 12,400,080|    9.6 | 12.72
Transportation and          |        |         |           |        |
  material moving ..........|    52  |    6.8  |  9,592,740|    7.4 | 12.32
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
   The OES survey estimates presented in this release are benchmarked to a
fourth-quarter 2000 reference period.  The 1999 wage data have been adjusted 
to the 2000 reference period by using the over-the-year wage changes in the 
most applicable national Employment Cost Index series.  For further details, 
see the Technical Note beginning on page 4.
   
   The 2000 OES data for states and metropolitan areas will be available
on the BLS Web site in late November.  The national employment and wage
data by industry also will be available on the Web site in late November.
                                  
                                   - 3 -

Table B.  Wage distribution by major occupational group, 2000
(Percent distribution)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                           Wage range
      Major      |------------------------------------------------------------
   occupational  |Under|$8.50 |$10.75|$13.50|$17.00|$21.50|$27.25|$34.50| Over 
      group      |$8.50|   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |$43.75                                                   |Over
                 |     |$10.74|$13.49|$16.99|$21.49|$27.24|$34.49|$43.74|
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management.......|  1.8|   2.4|   4.7|  8.4 |  12.0|  15.6|  16.5|  15.3| 23.5
Business and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  financial      |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  operations.....|  2.5|   3.4|   8.3| 16.5 |  21.3|  20.7|  14.4|   7.6|  5.4
Computer and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  mathematical...|  1.0|   2.1|   4.4|  9.2 |  15.1|  20.9|  21.3|  16.1|  9.9
Architecture and |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  engineering....|  1.1|   2.5|   5.7| 11.0 |  17.0|  22.3|  20.4|  13.3|  6.7
Life, physical,  |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and social     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  science........|  3.7|   5.2|   9.5| 16.0 |  18.9|  18.8|  13.7|   8.0|  6.3
Community and    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  social         |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  services.......|  9.9|  13.6|  20.0| 21.0 |  17.6|  11.5|   4.5|   1.3|   .5
Legal............|  1.9|   3.4|   7.0| 12.0 |  13.3|  12.2|  10.9|  10.6| 28.7
Education,       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  training, and  |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  library........| 14.6|   9.1|  10.7| 16.7 |  18.6|  15.3|   9.0|   3.9|  2.3
Arts, design,    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  entertainment, |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  sports, and    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  media..........| 16.2|  11.4|  12.7| 15.0 |  14.6|  12.6|   8.3|   4.9|  4.3
Healthcare       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  practitioner   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and technical..|  4.2|   6.4|  10.2| 16.0 |  21.6|  18.9|   9.9|   4.6|  8.3
Healthcare       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  support        | 36.1|  30.2|  19.2| 10.2 |   3.2|    .7|    .2|     -|    -
Protective       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  service........| 24.7|  15.1|  13.5| 13.5 |  14.0|  11.2|   5.7|   1.8|   .5
Food preparation |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and serving    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  related........| 75.2|  13.8|   6.5|  2.9 |   1.1|    .3|    .1|     -|    -
Building and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  grounds clean- |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  ing and        |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  maintenance....| 52.4|  21.6|  13.3|  7.8 |   3.4|   1.1|    .3|    .1|    -
Personal care    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and service....| 56.9|  18.2|   9.3|  6.6 |   4.3|   2.4|   1.1|    .7|   .5
Sales and        |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  related .......| 44.1|  14.4|  10.4|  9.1 |   7.4|   5.4|   3.7|   2.4|  3.0
Office and       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
administrative   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  support........| 20.2|  22.4|  22.7| 17.4 |  11.6|   3.9|   1.2|    .4|   .1
Farming, fishing,|     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and forestry...| 63.4|  14.5|   9.2|  6.9 |   3.7|   1.5|    .6|    .2|    -
Construction and |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  extraction.....|  9.5|  14.1|  17.5| 18.7 |  17.1|  13.7|   7.1|   1.8|   .6
Installation,    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  maintenance,   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and repair.....|  9.8|  12.8|  16.6| 20.3 |  20.2|  14.0|   4.8|   1.1|   .4
Production.......| 24.3|  21.7|  19.7| 15.4 |   9.9|   6.6|   1.9|    .5|   .1
Transportation   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and material   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  moving.........| 31.8|  20.0|  16.9| 13.8 |   9.9|   4.8|   1.4|    .5|   .9 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   

                                  - 4 -

Technical Note




Scope of the survey

   The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is an annual mail
survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments, by industry.  The OES survey samples and
contacts approximately 400,000 establishments each year and, over 3 years,
contacts approximately 1.2 million establishments.  The reference period
for each year's survey is the fourth quarter of that year.  The nationwide
response rate for the 2000 survey was 78 percent for establishment units and
70 percent for employment.  While estimates can be made from a single year
or two years of data, the OES survey has been designed to produce estimates
using the full 3 years of sample.  (See Estimation Methodology section.)
The full sample allows the production of estimates at fine levels of
geographical, industrial, and occupational detail.  Estimates from the
2000 survey, however, are based only on 2 years of data because of the
conversion to the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system in 1999.
A brief description of this new classification system is provided below.
   
   The Occupational Classification System for 2000.  In 1999, the OES
survey began using the Office of Management and Budget's occupational
classification system--the Standard Occupational Classification System
(SOC).  The SOC system is the first OMB-required occupational
classification system for Federal agencies.  The OES survey categorizes
workers in one of about 770 detailed occupations.  Together, these detailed
occupations comprise 22 major occupational groups.  The major groups of the
SOC system are as follows:

     Management occupations
     Business and financial operations occupations
     Computer and mathematical occupations
     Architecture and engineering occupations
     Life, physical, and social science occupations
     Community and social services occupations
     Legal occupations
     Education, training, and library occupations
     Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
     Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
     Healthcare support occupations
     Protective service occupations
     Food preparation and serving related occupations
     Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
     Personal care and service occupations
     Sales and related occupations
     Office and administrative support occupations
     Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
     Construction and extraction occupations
     Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
     Production occupations
     Transportation and material moving occupations
     Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES).


For more information about the SOC, please see the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/soc/soc_home.htm.

                                  - 5 -

   BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) collect the data.  BLS
produces cross industry and 2- and 3-digit Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) industry estimates for the nation, states, and
metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).  BLS releases all cross industry and
national estimates, and the SESAs release industry estimates at the state
and MSA levels.

   The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be
classified as full-time or part-time employees, including workers on paid
vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences;
salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms;
employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom the
reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of whether that
unit prepares their paycheck.  The survey excludes the self employed,
owners/partners of unincorporated firms, and unpaid family workers.
Employees are reported in the occupation in which they are working, not
necessarily for which they were trained.
   
   The OES survey currently uses the Standard Industrial Classification
system to classify all establishments.  An establishment is defined as an
economic unit that processes goods or provides services, such as a factory,
mine, or store.  The establishment is generally at a single physical
location and is engaged primarily in one type of economic activity.  The
scope of the survey includes establishments in SIC codes 07, 10, 12 to 17,
20 to 42, 44 to 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78 to 84, 86, 87, and 89 and
state and local government.  This scope covers agricultural services;
mining; construction; manufacturing; transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; services;
and government workers.  Data for the Postal Service (SIC code 43) and
federal government are universe counts obtained from the Postal Service and
the Office of Personnel Management, respectively.
   
   States' Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from
which the OES survey draws its sample.  The employment benchmarks are
obtained from reports submitted by employers to the UI program.  In some
nonmanufacturing industries, supplemental sources are used for establishments 
not reporting to the UI program.  The OES survey sample is stratified by area, 
industry, and size class.  Size classes are defined as follows:

                        
                        Size class   Number of employees
                       __________________________________

                           1            1 to 4
                           2            5 to 9
                           3            10 to 19
                           4            20 to 49
                           5            50 to 99
                           6            100 to 249
                           7            250 and above
                    __________________________________


   UI reporting units with 250 or more employees are sampled with certainty 
across a 3-year period.  Generally, one-third of the certainty units are 
sampled each year in each state.  There are some states that sample more than 
one-third of their certainty units during one survey year.

                                  - 6 -

Concepts

   Employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation across the industries in which it was reported.  The OES survey
form sent to an establishment contains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations
selected on the basis of the industry classification and size class of the
sampled establishments.  To reduce paperwork and respondent burden, no
survey form contains every SOC occupation.  Thus, data for specific
occupations are collected primarily from establishments within industries
that are the predominant employers of labor in these occupations.  Each
survey form is structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide
information for each detailed occupation employed at the establishment;
that is, unlisted occupations can be added to the survey form.
   
   Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay.  Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay,
hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production
bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included.  Excluded are back pay, jury
duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction
bonuses, employer cost of supplementary benefits, and tuition
reimbursements.

   The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals.  Employers report
the number of employees in an occupation per each wage range.  The wage
intervals used for the 2000 survey are as follows:
   

--------------------------------------------------------  
            |                              
            |                  Wages
  Interval  |-------------------------------------------
            |       Hourly      |        Annual
------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A     | Under $6.75       | Under $14,040
Range B     | $6.75 to $8.49    | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C     | $8.50 to $10.74   | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D     | $10.75 to $13.49  | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E     | $13.50 to $16.99  | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F     | $17.00 to $21.49  | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G     | $21.50 to $27.24  | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H     | $27.25 to $34.49  | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I     | $34.50 to $43.74  | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J     | $43.75 to $55.49  | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K     | $55.50 to $69.99  | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L     | $70.00 and over   | $145,600 and over
--------------------------------------------------------

   Mean wage is the estimated total wages for an occupation divided by its
weighted survey employment.  With the exception of the upper open-ended
wage interval, interval L ($70.00 an hour and over), a mean wage value is
calculated for each wage interval based on occupational wage data collected
by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions.  The mean wage value
for the upper open-ended wage interval is its lower bound (Winsorized
mean).  These interval mean wage values are then attributed to all workers
reported in the interval.  For each occupation, total weighted wages in
each interval are summed across all intervals and divided by the
occupation's weighted survey employment.

                                  - 7 -

   Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work less than or more than 40 hours per week.  The
annual wage estimates in this release are calculated by multiplying the
mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours
per year (52 weeks by 40 hours).  Thus, the annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more
or less than 2,080 hours per year.  There are workers in some occupations
who are paid based on an annual amount, but generally do not work the usual
2,080 hours per year.  Since the survey does not collect the actual hours
worked, the hourly rate cannot be calculated with a reasonable degree of
confidence from the annual wages.  For this reason, the annual salary is
directly calculated from reported survey data and only annual wage
estimates are reported for these occupations.  Occupations that typically
have a work year of less than 2,080 hours include musical and entertainment
occupations, pilots and flight attendants, and teachers.
   
   Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage 
intervals.  The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the
corresponding annual rates, where the annual rates are constructed by
multiplying the hourly wage rate for the interval by the typical work year
of 2,080 hours.  In reporting, the respondent can reference either the hourly 
or the annual rate, but is instructed to report the hourly rate for part-time 
workers.

Estimation methodology

   The OES survey samples approximately 400,000 establishments each year
and, over a 3-year period, contacts approximately 1.2 million establishments.  
Each single-year sample represents a one-third sample of both the certainty 
and non-certainty strata for the full 3-year sample plan.  While estimates 
can be made from a single year or for 2 years of data, as was done for the 2000 
data released here, the OES survey has been designed to produce estimates 
using the full 3 years of data.  The full 3-year sample allows the production 
of estimates at fine levels of geographical, industrial, and occupational 
detail, while estimates using any one year of data would be subject to a 
higher sampling error (due to the smaller sample size) and the limitations 
associated with having only 1/3 of the units from the certainty strata.  
Producing estimates using the 3 years of sample data provides significant 
sampling error reductions (particularly for small geographic areas and 
occupations); however, it also has some quality limitations in that it 
requires the adjustment of earlier years' data to the current reference 
period--a procedure referred to as "wage updating."
   
   Wage Updating. As noted above, combining multiple years of data has
both statistical advantages and limitations.  Significant reductions in
sampling error can be achieved by taking advantage of 3 years of data,
which covers over 70 percent of the employment in the United States.  This
feature is particularly important in improving the reliability of estimates
for small domains in the population (that is, wage and employment estimates
for detailed occupations in small areas).  Combining multiple years of data
also has been necessary to obtain full coverage of the certainty strata
(that is, large employers with 250 or more employment).

                                  - 8 -

   Starting with the 1997 estimates, the OES program has used the over-the-
year fourth-quarter wage changes from the Bureau's Employment Cost Index
(ECI) to adjust prior year survey data before combining it with the current
year data.  The wage updating procedure assumes that each occupation's
wage, as measured in the earlier years, moves according to the average
movement of its occupational division and that there are no major geographic 
or detailed occupational differences--and this may not be the case.  The 
Bureau has conducted research over the past several years on the accuracy 
of  the ECI wage-updating method versus other modeling approaches. Current 
research results support the continued use of the ECI wage-updating 
methodology.
   
   2000 OES survey estimates. In 1999, the OES survey began using an
occupational coding structure based on OMB's Standard Occupational
Classification System.  Therefore, 2000 OES survey estimates are based 
only on 2 years of data collected in the 1999 and 2000 survey.

   The 2000 estimates use the wage-updating methodology introduced in
1997, which uses the over-the-year fourth-quarter wage changes from the
Employment Cost Index to adjust prior years' data before combining
them with data from the current year.  In addition, the 2000 estimates use
the estimation methodology introduced in 1997, which uses a "nearest
neighbor" imputation approach for nonrespondents and applies employment
benchmarks at a detailed MSA by 3-digit industry and broad size class level.
   
   Reliability of the estimates. Statistics based on establishment surveys
are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.  When a sample of the
population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of a
characteristic may differ from the population value of that characteristic.
The difference between the sample estimate and the population value will
vary depending on the particular sample selected.  This variability is
measured by the sampling error (SE).  If we were to repeat the sampling and
estimation process using the same survey design, 90 percent of the intervals 
from the sample estimate minus 1.6 SE to the sample estimate plus 1.6 SE 
would include the population value.  This interval is called a 90-percent 
confidence interval.  The OES survey produces estimates of the relative 
standard error (RSE).  The RSE is defined as the SE divided by the estimated 
value as computed from the sample.  This statistic provides the user with a 
measure of the relative precision of the sample estimates.  The SE may be 
obtained by multiplying the RSE by the sample estimate.  RSE estimates are 
produced for both occupational employment and mean wage estimates.  The 
employment RSE values are estimated using a subsample replication technique 
known as the Jackknife (random group) variance estimation method.  The mean 
wage RSE values are estimated using a variance components model that accounts 
for both the observed and unobserved components of the wage data.  In general, 
estimates involving many establishments have lower relative standard errors 
than estimates involving few establishments.  If the distributional assump-
tions of the models are violated, the resulting confidence interval may not 
reflect the prescribed level of confidence.

                                  - 9 -
                                   
   Future research. The expanded OES survey is a relatively new program,
and BLS has a number of research efforts underway.  Some areas of future
research are given below.

Collection methodology research--This includes research on electronic
collection of data from employers as an alternative to the mail 
questionnaire.

Estimation methodology research--An important research effort over the next
several years will be the evaluation of the mean wage methodology for the
upper open-ended interval.  The identification of alternative modeling
approaches may produce improved overall accuracy.

Additional information

   The 2000 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in table
1, will be available soon on the Internet (http://www.bls.gov/oes/).  Users
also may access each occupation's definition and percentile wages.  The
2000 cross industry data for states and metropolitan areas will be
available on the BLS Web site in late November.  Industry staffing patterns at
the 2- and 3-digit SIC levels also will be available from the Internet
beginning in late November.  These data will include industry-specific
occupational employment and wage data.  BLS also plans to release a bulletin 
displaying 2000 occupational employment and wage data for selected industries 
and areas in the spring of 2002.

   For additional information, contact the Office of Employment and 
Unemployment Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, Room 4840, 
2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC, 20212; telephone 202-691-6569 
(e-mail: oesinfo@bls.gov).
   
   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1.  National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2000

                                                                                                                             Median
Occupation                                                                                    Employment      Mean wages     hourly
                                                                                                          Hourly  Annual(1)   wages

Management occupations
  Chief executives                                                                              519,890   $50.30  $104,630   $54.72
  General and operations managers                                                             2,221,590    33.76    70,220    29.41
  Legislators                                                                                    52,750    13.29    27,650     6.78
  Advertising and promotions managers                                                            93,420    29.93    62,260    25.66
  Marketing managers                                                                            202,100    36.23    75,360    34.25
  Sales managers                                                                                344,180    35.69    74,230    32.94
  Public relations managers                                                                      68,000    29.54    61,430    26.22

  Administrative services managers                                                              344,440    25.31    52,650    22.63
  Computer and information systems managers                                                     283,480    38.58    80,250    37.90
  Financial managers                                                                            622,890    34.89    72,570    32.22
  Human resources managers                                                                      224,970    30.49    63,420    28.36
  Industrial production managers                                                                205,370    31.55    65,620    29.64
  Purchasing managers                                                                           126,030    27.64    57,500    25.50
  Transportation, storage, and distribution managers                                            116,680    27.98    58,200    26.07

  Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers                                                    5,370    21.07    43,820    18.46
  Construction managers                                                                         229,200    30.43    63,290    28.00
  Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program                              49,460    17.47    36,330    14.62
  Education administrators, elementary and secondary school                                     196,390     (2)     68,940     (2)
  Education administrators, postsecondary                                                        92,280    31.14    64,770    28.60
  Engineering managers                                                                          242,280    41.08    85,450    40.42
  Food service managers                                                                         282,290    16.51    34,350    15.25
  Funeral directors                                                                              26,110    23.40    48,680    19.76
  Gaming managers                                                                                 3,720    27.99    58,220    25.66
  Lodging managers                                                                               31,890    16.73    34,800    14.79
  Medical and health services managers                                                          230,410    29.63    61,640    27.10
  Natural sciences managers                                                                      38,870    37.91    78,850    36.48
  Postmasters and mail superintendents                                                           26,850    22.24    46,260    21.28
  Property, real estate, and community association managers                                     145,340    20.74    43,130    17.32
  Social and community service managers                                                          93,460    20.46    42,550    18.81

Business and financial operations occupations
  Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes                               6,600    30.81    64,080    27.42
  Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products                                                    17,910    21.49    44,690    18.06
  Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products                                             137,040    20.48    42,590    17.89
  Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products                                228,940    21.23    44,160    19.89
  Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators                                                189,700    21.15    44,000    19.75
  Insurance appraisers, auto damage                                                              12,320    19.49    40,540    19.23
  Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and 
   transportation                                                                               126,840    21.22    44,140    19.67
  Cost estimators                                                                               196,420    23.59    49,070    22.02
  Emergency management specialists                                                               10,730    20.73    43,120    18.85
  Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists                                            188,060    20.67    43,000    17.54
  Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists                                           84,040    21.37    44,450    20.03
  Training and development specialists                                                          197,610    20.95    43,580    19.63
  Management analysts                                                                           357,610    29.01    60,350    26.46
  Meeting and convention planners                                                                32,000    18.49    38,450    17.09

  Accountants and auditors                                                                      863,320    23.12    48,090    20.91
  Appraisers and assessors of real estate                                                        53,560    20.05    41,700    18.41
  Budget analysts                                                                                63,160    24.56    51,080    23.25
  Credit analysts                                                                                63,420    21.87    45,490    19.32
  Financial analysts                                                                            159,490    28.73    59,760    25.20
  Personal financial advisors                                                                    77,420    32.42    67,430    26.60
  Insurance underwriters                                                                         96,070    22.83    47,490    20.74
  Financial examiners                                                                            23,560    28.12    58,480    25.51
  Loan counselors                                                                                25,500    17.73    36,870    15.46
  Loan officers                                                                                 203,530    22.96    47,760    19.92
  Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents                                                  67,720    20.47    42,580    19.32
  Tax preparers                                                                                  65,280    14.77    30,720    12.30

Computer and mathematical operations occupations
  Computer and information scientists, research                                                  25,800    35.30    73,430    33.94
  Computer programmers                                                                          530,730    29.31    60,970    27.69
  Computer software engineers, applications                                                     374,640    33.80    70,300    32.53
  Computer software engineers, systems software                                                 264,610    34.08    70,890    33.43
  Computer support specialists                                                                  522,570    19.08    39,680    17.53
  Computer systems analysts                                                                     463,300    29.43    61,210    28.53
  Database administrators                                                                       108,000    26.83    55,810    24.99
  Network and computer systems administrators                                                   234,040    25.81    53,690    24.65
  Network systems and data communications analysts                                              119,220    27.83    57,890    26.20

  Actuaries                                                                                      12,890    34.84    72,470    32.02
  Mathematicians                                                                                  3,140    32.58    67,770    33.00
  Operations research analysts                                                                   59,820    27.74    57,700    25.69
  Statisticians                                                                                  17,520    26.26    54,630    25.00
  Mathematical technicians                                                                        1,540    20.10    41,800    16.73

Architecture and engineering occupations
  Architects, except landscape and naval                                                         74,390    26.93    56,020    25.24
  Landscape architects                                                                           17,130    23.61    49,120    20.93
  Cartographers and photogrammetrists                                                             7,360    19.98    41,560    18.95
  Surveyors                                                                                      52,750    18.78    39,060    17.64

  Aerospace engineers                                                                            71,550    33.19    69,040    32.66
  Agricultural engineers                                                                          2,170    28.29    58,840    26.85
  Biomedical engineers                                                                            6,600    29.36    61,060    27.63
  Chemical engineers                                                                             31,530    32.29    67,160    31.71
  Civil engineers                                                                               207,080    28.07    58,380    26.80
  Computer hardware engineers                                                                    63,680    33.70    70,100    32.36
  Electrical engineers                                                                          162,400    31.89    66,320    31.21
  Electronics engineers, except computer                                                        123,690    31.97    66,490    31.17
  Environmental engineers                                                                        48,270    28.70    59,710    27.78
  Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors                     42,800    27.08    56,340    26.26
  Industrial engineers                                                                          171,810    28.80    59,900    28.16
  Marine engineers and naval architects                                                           4,680    29.57    61,500    29.27
  Materials engineers                                                                            24,430    29.05    60,420    28.41
  Mechanical engineers                                                                          207,300    29.26    60,860    28.23
  Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers                              6,690    30.96    64,390    29.24
  Nuclear engineers                                                                              12,610    37.87    78,770    38.15
  Petroleum engineers                                                                            10,250    38.42    79,910    37.94

  Architectural and civil drafters                                                               92,610    17.84    37,100    16.93
  Electrical and electronics drafters                                                            38,470    19.43    40,420    18.37
  Mechanical drafters                                                                            69,620    19.39    40,330    18.19
  Aerospace engineering and operations technicians                                               19,850    24.00    49,920    23.37
  Civil engineering technicians                                                                  89,200    17.84    37,110    17.30
  Electrical and electronic engineering technicians                                             244,570    19.81    41,210    19.24
  Electro-mechanical technicians                                                                 40,770    18.57    38,630    17.38
  Environmental engineering technicians                                                          17,530    17.55    36,500    16.35
  Industrial engineering technicians                                                             65,220    21.31    44,330    19.67
  Mechanical engineering technicians                                                             58,490    19.93    41,460    19.03
  Surveying and mapping technicians                                                              51,640    14.61    30,380    13.48

Life, physical, and social science occupations
  Agricultural and food scientists                                                               21,050    26.29    54,680    25.08
  Biochemists and biophysicists                                                                  13,440    28.40    59,070    26.07
  Microbiologists                                                                                15,880    25.50    53,040    23.51
  Zoologists and wildlife biologists                                                             11,710    21.94    45,630    21.15
  Conservation scientists                                                                        12,980    22.99    47,820    22.67
  Foresters                                                                                       9,890    21.62    44,970    20.98
  Epidemiologists                                                                                 2,480    24.82    51,630    23.27
  Medical scientists, except epidemiologists                                                     35,570    30.49    63,430    27.79

  Astronomers                                                                                       910    35.37    73,580    35.82
  Physicists                                                                                      8,990    39.90    82,990    40.06
  Atmospheric and space scientists                                                                7,290    28.01    58,270    28.13
  Chemists                                                                                       82,320    26.10    54,280    24.07
  Materials scientists                                                                            8,660    30.28    62,980    29.14
  Environmental scientists and specialists, including health                                     54,860    23.12    48,090    21.24
  Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers                                             21,810    30.01    62,420    27.04
  Hydrologists                                                                                    7,240    27.64    57,490    26.64

  Economists                                                                                     13,680    33.56    69,800    31.17
  Market research analysts                                                                       99,030    27.21    56,600    24.61
  Survey researchers                                                                             25,210    16.44    34,180    12.60
  Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists                                                103,120    24.28    50,510    23.23
  Industrial-organizational psychologists                                                         1,280    33.22    69,090    32.15
  Sociologists                                                                                    1,360    24.16    50,250    21.96
  Urban and regional planners                                                                    28,850    23.36    48,590    22.36
  Anthropologists and archeologists                                                               4,140    18.87    39,250    17.33
  Geographers                                                                                       660    23.48    48,840    22.45
  Historians                                                                                      1,880    20.25    42,120    19.16
  Political scientists                                                                            4,250    37.92    78,870    38.96

  Agricultural and food science technicians                                                      15,260    14.34    29,820    13.02
  Biological technicians                                                                         41,660    15.85    32,970    15.16
  Chemical technicians                                                                           74,240    17.83    37,080    17.05
  Geological and petroleum technicians                                                           11,120    19.11    39,760    17.55
  Nuclear technicians                                                                             4,110    29.79    61,970    28.44
  Environmental science and protection technicians, including health                             24,630    17.23    35,830    16.26
  Forensic science technicians                                                                    6,150    18.95    39,410    18.04
  Forest and conservation technicians                                                            15,510    15.01    31,210    14.22

Community and social service occupations
  Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors                                             56,080    14.47    30,100    13.71
  Educational, vocational, and school counselors                                                188,000    21.08    43,850    20.24
  Marriage and family therapists                                                                 19,420    17.66    36,730    16.66
  Mental health counselors                                                                       65,780    14.61    30,390    13.25
  Rehabilitation counselors                                                                     104,850    13.06    27,170    11.75
  Child, family, and school social workers                                                      266,570    16.12    33,530    15.13
  Medical and public health social workers                                                      103,390    17.50    36,400    16.73
  Mental health and substance abuse social workers                                               79,740    15.50    32,240    14.50
  Health educators                                                                               43,670    17.61    36,640    16.28
  Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists                                      80,500    19.35    40,240    18.34
  Social and human service assistants                                                           260,910    11.46    23,840    10.74
  Clergy                                                                                         30,980    16.23    33,760    15.27
  Directors, religious activities and education                                                  13,610    14.38    29,900    12.98

Legal occupations
  Lawyers                                                                                       489,530    43.90    91,320    42.44
  Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers                                  12,560    31.32    65,150    29.44
  Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators                                                        4,850    24.68    51,330    20.70
  Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates                                                     25,190    37.85    78,720    41.71
  Paralegals and legal assistants                                                               179,330    18.65    38,790    17.00
  Court reporters                                                                                15,810    20.06    41,730    19.07
  Law clerks                                                                                     29,190    15.17    31,550    13.71
  Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers                                                    40,000    16.32    33,940    14.40

Education, training, and library occupations
  Business teachers, postsecondary                                                               61,860     (2)     58,160     (2)
  Computer science teachers, postsecondary                                                       27,770     (2)     51,260     (2)
  Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary                                                   37,660     (2)     51,410     (2)
  Architecture teachers, postsecondary                                                            4,620     (2)     52,680     (2)
  Engineering teachers, postsecondary                                                            26,940     (2)     67,540     (2)

  Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary                                                  10,720     (2)     62,540     (2)
  Biological science teachers, postsecondary                                                     36,910     (2)     61,460     (2)
  Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary                                       1,980     (2)     60,950     (2)
  Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary                          8,000     (2)     60,080     (2)
  Chemistry teachers, postsecondary                                                              16,020     (2)     56,550     (2)
  Environmental science teachers, postsecondary                                                   3,530     (2)     58,180     (2)
  Physics teachers, postsecondary                                                                11,880     (2)     62,740     (2)

  Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary                                             4,400     (2)     58,620     (2)
  Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary                                      4,070     (2)     56,990     (2)
  Economics teachers, postsecondary                                                              11,530     (2)     63,860     (2)
  Geography teachers, postsecondary                                                               3,570     (2)     56,670     (2)
  Political science teachers, postsecondary                                                      10,820     (2)     56,920     (2)
  Psychology teachers, postsecondary                                                             24,000     (2)     55,170     (2)
  Sociology teachers, postsecondary                                                              13,760     (2)     50,890     (2)
  Health specialties teachers, postsecondary                                                     78,680     (2)     67,140     (2)
  Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary                                                35,870     (2)     49,130     (2)
  Education teachers, postsecondary                                                              41,180     (2)     48,310     (2)
  Library science teachers, postsecondary                                                         4,160     (2)     52,140     (2)

  Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary                                    8,480     (2)     44,760     (2)
  Law teachers, postsecondary                                                                     9,500     (2)     75,530     (2)
  Social work teachers, postsecondary                                                             6,570     (2)     50,970     (2)
  Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary                                                  55,160     (2)     49,170     (2)
  Communications teachers, postsecondary                                                         18,450     (2)     48,900     (2)
  English language and literature teachers, postsecondary                                        50,560     (2)     47,790     (2)
  Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary                                        18,380     (2)     48,150     (2)
  History teachers, postsecondary                                                                16,630     (2)     52,280     (2)
  Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary                                                14,000     (2)     50,070     (2)
  Graduate teaching assistants                                                                  129,270     (2)     24,170     (2)
  Home economics teachers, postsecondary                                                          4,380     (2)     50,350     (2)
  Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary                                         14,050     (2)     43,810     (2)
  Vocational education teachers, postsecondary                                                  115,080    19.61    40,790    18.35

  Preschool teachers, except special education                                                  357,220     9.66    20,100     8.56
  Kindergarten teachers, except special education                                               155,530     (2)     40,230     (2)
  Elementary school teachers, except special education                                        1,409,140     (2)     41,980     (2)
  Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education                               561,200     (2)     41,890     (2)
  Vocational education teachers, middle school                                                   19,010     (2)     40,810     (2)
  Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education                            933,800     (2)     43,030     (2)
  Vocational education teachers, secondary school                                               103,200     (2)     43,240     (2)
  Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school                    208,970     (2)     43,700     (2)
  Special education teachers, middle school                                                      87,790     (2)     41,730     (2)
  Special education teachers, secondary school                                                  116,760     (2)     44,100     (2)
  Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors                           53,250    17.45    36,300    16.12
  Self-enrichment education teachers                                                            125,960    14.94    31,070    13.44

  Archivists, curators, and museum technicians                                                   18,100    17.88    37,190    15.90
  Librarians                                                                                    139,460    20.54    42,730    20.05
  Library technicians                                                                           100,690    11.65    24,230    11.14
  Audio-visual collections specialists                                                            8,740    17.11    35,590    16.00
  Farm and home management advisors                                                              10,290    18.45    38,370    17.45
  Instructional coordinators                                                                     77,100    22.27    46,320    21.27
  Teacher assistants                                                                          1,159,110     (2)     18,770     (2)

Art, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
  Art directors                                                                                  20,560    30.30    63,020    27.35
  Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators                                  11,930    17.20    35,770    15.00
  Multi-media artists and animators                                                              31,120    21.47    44,650    19.77

  Commercial and industrial designers                                                            33,910    24.55    51,060    23.45
  Fashion designers                                                                              10,460    27.04    56,240    23.33
  Floral designers                                                                               71,280     9.29    19,330     8.83
  Graphic designers                                                                             133,630    18.25    37,970    16.62
  Interior designers                                                                             30,680    19.55    40,670    17.57
  Merchandise displayers and window trimmers                                                     51,240    11.19    23,280    10.06
  Set and exhibit designers                                                                       8,470    16.26    33,810    15.11

  Actors                                                                                         63,500     (2)     41,570     (2)
  Producers and directors                                                                        46,750     (2)     48,740     (2)
  Athletes and sports competitors                                                                 9,920     (2)     62,960     (2)
  Coaches and scouts                                                                             68,220     (2)     33,470     (2)
  Umpires, referees, and other sports officials                                                   7,820     (2)     23,280     (2)
  Dancers                                                                                        20,900    13.44    27,950    10.80
  Choreographers                                                                                 10,860    15.42    32,080    12.99
  Music directors and composers                                                                   6,660     (2)     36,900     (2)
  Musicians and singers                                                                          52,180     (2)     44,520     (2)

  Announcers                                                                                     49,770    13.13    27,320     9.52
  News analysts, reporters and correspondents                                                    65,930    18.04    37,510    14.00
  Public relations specialists                                                                  128,570    21.01    43,700    19.03
  Editors                                                                                       104,210    21.32    44,350    18.93
  Technical writers                                                                              50,700    24.07    50,060    22.98
  Writers and authors                                                                            41,410    22.81    47,440    20.32
  Interpreters and translators                                                                   16,780    16.13    33,550    14.95

  Audio and video equipment technicians                                                          34,110    17.72    36,860    14.57
  Broadcast technicians                                                                          33,560    15.89    33,060    12.96
  Radio operators                                                                                 3,060    15.89    33,050    14.07
  Sound engineering technicians                                                                  10,380    25.56    53,170    18.98
  Photographers                                                                                  65,360    13.18    27,420    10.72
  Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture                                        20,970    16.28    33,860    13.40
  Film and video editors                                                                         10,990    19.81    41,200    16.42

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
  Chiropractors                                                                                  16,740    35.96    74,790    32.23
  Dentists                                                                                       90,090    54.24   112,820    62.04
  Dietitians and nutritionists                                                                   43,030    18.76    39,020    18.48
  Optometrists                                                                                   23,880    40.86    84,980    39.84
  Pharmacists                                                                                   212,660    33.39    69,440    34.11

  Anesthesiologists                                                                              24,350    62.35   129,680     (3)
  Family and general practitioners                                                              132,620    51.82   107,780    54.89
  Internists, general                                                                            50,450    59.22   123,180    68.46
  Obstetricians and gynecologists                                                                18,240    64.16   133,450     (3)
  Pediatricians, general                                                                         25,580    56.26   117,020    60.56
  Psychiatrists                                                                                  21,280    51.95   108,060    57.04
  Surgeons                                                                                       48,770    66.06   137,400     (3)

  Physician assistants                                                                           55,490    29.17    60,680    29.76
  Podiatrists                                                                                     7,870    48.59   101,070    51.71
  Registered nurses                                                                           2,189,670    22.31    46,410    21.56
  Audiologists                                                                                   11,530    22.92    47,670    21.56
  Occupational therapists                                                                        75,150    24.10    50,140    23.77
  Physical therapists                                                                           120,410    27.62    57,450    26.35
  Radiation therapists                                                                           13,100    25.59    53,230    22.82
  Recreational therapists                                                                        26,940    14.23    29,590    13.77
  Respiratory therapists                                                                         82,670    18.37    38,220    18.11
  Speech-language pathologists                                                                   82,850    23.31    48,480    22.42
  Veterinarians                                                                                  40,270    32.99    68,620    29.28

  Medical and clinical laboratory technologists                                                 144,530    19.84    41,260    19.48
  Medical and clinical laboratory technicians                                                   146,060    13.93    28,970    13.24
  Dental hygienists                                                                             148,460    24.99    51,980    24.68
  Cardiovascular technologists and technicians                                                   40,080    16.81    34,960    16.03
  Diagnostic medical sonographers                                                                31,760    22.03    45,820    21.55
  Nuclear medicine technologists                                                                 18,030    21.56    44,850    21.22
  Radiologic technologists and technicians                                                      172,080    17.93    37,290    17.31
  Emergency medical technicians and paramedics                                                  165,530    11.89    24,740    10.80

  Dietetic technicians                                                                           28,010    10.98    22,830    10.26
  Pharmacy technicians                                                                          190,940    10.38    21,600     9.93
  Psychiatric technicians                                                                        53,350    12.53    26,060    11.74
  Respiratory therapy technicians                                                                28,230    16.46    34,230    15.80
  Surgical technologists                                                                         68,590    14.26    29,660    13.95
  Veterinary technologists and technicians                                                       50,370    10.93    22,730    10.41
  Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses                                             679,470    14.65    30,470    14.15
  Medical records and health information technicians                                            143,870    11.74    24,430    10.94
  Opticians, dispensing                                                                          66,580    12.67    26,360    11.75
  Orthotists and prosthetists                                                                     4,750    24.32    50,590    21.99
  Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians                                     32,390    21.34    44,380    20.55
  Athletic trainers                                                                              13,820     (2)     33,650     (2)

Healthcare support occupations
  Home health aides                                                                             561,120     8.71    18,110     8.23
  Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants                                                    1,273,460     9.18    19,100     8.89
  Psychiatric aides                                                                              57,680    10.79    22,440    10.45
  Occupational therapist assistants                                                              15,910    16.76    34,860    16.51
  Occupational therapist aides                                                                    8,890    11.21    23,330     9.96
  Physical therapist assistants                                                                  44,120    16.52    34,370    16.29
  Physical therapist aides                                                                       34,620    10.06    20,930     9.46
  Massage therapists                                                                             24,620    15.51    32,270    13.07
  Dental assistants                                                                             250,870    12.86    26,740    12.49
  Medical assistants                                                                            330,830    11.46    23,840    11.06
  Medical equipment preparers                                                                    32,760    10.68    22,200    10.16
  Medical transcriptionists                                                                      97,330    12.37    25,720    12.15
  Pharmacy aides                                                                                 59,890     9.10    18,930     8.52
  Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers                                         55,210     8.55    17,790     8.00

Protective service occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers                                       29,380    21.33    44,370    20.14
  First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives                                      113,740    27.84    57,900    27.50
  First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers                        59,500    25.47    52,990    24.99

  Fire fighters                                                                                 251,060    16.95    35,260    16.43
  Fire inspectors and investigators                                                              11,900    20.58    42,800    20.01
  Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists                                               1,040    15.82    32,910    15.45

  Bailiffs                                                                                       14,000    15.85    32,960    14.99
  Correctional officers and jailers                                                             405,360    15.71    32,680    14.99
  Detectives and criminal investigators                                                          87,090    23.96    49,830    23.50
  Fish and game wardens                                                                           7,730    21.14    43,970    19.20
  Parking enforcement workers                                                                     8,040    12.67    26,360    12.37
  Police and sheriff's patrol officers                                                          571,210    19.52    40,590    19.13
  Transit and railroad police                                                                     5,760    19.98    41,560    19.41

  Animal control workers                                                                          8,060    11.76    24,450    11.06
  Private detectives and investigators                                                           28,700    14.74    30,650    12.86
  Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators                                          11,550    10.82    22,510    10.20
  Security guards                                                                             1,104,400     9.36    19,470     8.45
  Crossing guards                                                                                72,830     9.19    19,110     8.37

Food preparation and serving related occupations
  Chefs and head cooks                                                                          122,860    13.73    28,550    12.07
  First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers                       624,180    11.83    24,600    10.91
  Cooks, fast food                                                                              527,500     6.78    14,100     6.53
  Cooks, institution and cafeteria                                                              414,100     8.68    18,060     8.22
  Cooks, restaurant                                                                             642,060     9.08    18,880     8.72
  Cooks, short order                                                                            192,030     7.92    16,480     7.55
  Food preparation workers                                                                      847,810     7.78    16,180     7.38
  Bartenders                                                                                    379,990     7.77    16,150     6.86
  Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food                          2,159,940     6.84    14,240     6.52
  Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop                               445,480     7.23    15,030     6.72
  Waiters and waitresses                                                                      2,008,760     7.09    14,750     6.42
  Food servers, nonrestaurant                                                                   199,600     7.77    16,170     7.07
  Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers                                    435,500     6.95    14,460     6.53
  Shampooers                                                                                     13,140     6.97    14,490     6.58
  Skin care specialists                                                                          13,420    11.26    23,420     9.65

  Baggage porters and bellhops                                                                   55,450     9.78    20,350     7.80
  Concierges                                                                                     17,960    10.78    22,420     9.72
  Tour guides and escorts                                                                        30,480     9.59    19,940     8.50
  Travel guides                                                                                   5,200    14.90    30,990    12.12
  Flight attendants                                                                             126,380     (2)     45,220     (2)
  Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters                        23,550     9.46    19,680     8.48

  Child care workers                                                                            398,090     7.86    16,350     7.43
  Personal and home care aides                                                                  371,280     7.67    15,960     7.50
  Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors                                                     157,230    13.82    28,750    10.96
  Recreation workers                                                                            245,720     9.32    19,380     8.24
  Residential advisors                                                                           42,630    10.38    21,600     9.65

Sales and related occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers                                     1,269,870    15.47    32,170    13.23
  First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers                                   322,560    27.33    56,850    23.54
  Cashiers                                                                                    3,338,840     7.56    15,730     6.95
  Gaming change persons and booth cashiers                                                       38,770     9.06    18,850     8.79

  Counter and rental clerks                                                                     420,510     8.98    18,670     7.87
  Parts salespersons                                                                            255,300    12.12    25,210    10.85
  Retail salespersons                                                                         3,964,680     9.74    20,260     8.02

  Advertising sales agents                                                                      151,140    21.62    44,960    17.24
  Insurance sales agents                                                                        240,830    23.13    48,100    18.63
  Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents                                  269,310    33.85    70,410    26.96
  Travel agents                                                                                 124,030    12.79    26,600    12.09
  Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific 
   products                                                                                     373,630    28.19    58,630    25.30
  Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific 
   products                                                                                   1,379,860    22.49    46,770    19.40

  Demonstrators and product promoters                                                           102,650    11.76    24,460     9.51
  Models                                                                                          3,590    11.05    22,990     9.17
  Real estate brokers                                                                            31,120    28.89    60,080    22.93
  Real estate sales agents                                                                      108,880    18.25    37,950    13.29
  Sales engineers                                                                                88,240    29.54    61,450    27.17
  Telemarketers                                                                                 461,890    10.32    21,460     9.06
  Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers                       33,830    14.05    29,220    11.56

Office and administrative support occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers                1,394,640    18.95    39,410    17.51
  Switchboard operators, including answering service                                            243,100    10.05    20,900     9.71
  Telephone operators                                                                            52,150    13.32    27,710    13.46

  Bill and account collectors                                                                   387,870    12.82    26,670    12.17
  Billing and posting clerks and machine operators                                              492,040    12.25    25,480    11.81
  Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks                                                1,663,530    12.96    26,950    12.34
  Gaming cage workers                                                                            21,070    10.40    21,620     9.99
  Payroll and timekeeping clerks                                                                191,310    13.57    28,220    13.07
  Procurement clerks                                                                             75,960    13.64    28,380    13.33
  Tellers                                                                                       492,950     9.40    19,540     9.21

  Brokerage clerks                                                                               80,150    16.19    33,680    14.93
  Correspondence clerks                                                                          38,560    12.09    25,150    11.61
  Court, municipal, and license clerks                                                           97,630    13.36    27,780    12.57
  Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks                                                       82,980    12.70    26,420    11.81
  Customer service representatives                                                            1,907,890    12.75    26,530    11.83
  Eligibility interviewers, government programs                                                 106,570    14.54    30,230    13.65
  File clerks                                                                                   264,720     9.49    19,730     8.99
  Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks                                                          175,150     8.22    17,100     7.87

  Interviewers, except eligibility and loan                                                     156,340    10.75    22,360    10.02
  Library assistants, clerical                                                                   95,100     9.32    19,380     8.65
  Loan interviewers and clerks                                                                  140,040    13.40    27,870    12.70
  New accounts clerks                                                                            88,390    11.71    24,370    11.10
  Order clerks                                                                                  351,580    12.08    25,130    11.35
  Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping                                    172,070    14.13    29,400    13.63
  Receptionists and information clerks                                                        1,054,300     9.99    20,780     9.63
  Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks                                199,700    12.57    26,140    10.87

  Cargo and freight agents                                                                       64,320    14.63    30,440    13.73
  Couriers and messengers                                                                       130,210     9.63    20,030     8.96
  Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers                                                        82,050    12.83    26,680    12.38
  Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance                                               167,180    14.62    30,410    13.66
  Meter readers, utilities                                                                       48,950    14.02    29,150    13.32
  Postal service clerks                                                                          80,730    18.31    38,080    18.75
  Postal service mail carriers                                                                  354,980    17.71    36,830    18.47
  Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators                     231,770    14.81    30,810    15.42
  Production, planning, and expediting clerks                                                   330,120    15.64    32,520    14.71
  Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks                                                       864,530    11.22    23,340    10.52
  Stock clerks and order fillers                                                              1,771,780     9.93    20,650     8.75
  Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping                                     79,480    12.62    26,250    11.36

  Executive secretaries and administrative assistants                                         1,369,960    15.63    32,520    14.95
  Legal secretaries                                                                             270,670    17.00    35,370    16.70
  Medical secretaries                                                                           283,150    11.76    24,460    11.26
  Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive                                           1,698,080    11.98    24,910    11.47

  Computer operators                                                                            186,460    14.15    29,430    13.30
  Data entry keyers                                                                             458,720    10.66    22,170    10.24
  Word processors and typists                                                                   257,020    12.22    25,420    11.88
  Desktop publishers                                                                             35,460    15.72    32,700    14.71
  Insurance claims and policy processing clerks                                                 266,650    14.72    30,620    13.47
  Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service                                 182,460     9.96    20,710     9.54
  Office clerks, general                                                                      2,674,710    10.72    22,290    10.16
  Office machine operators, except computer                                                      86,380    10.77    22,400    10.00
  Proofreaders and copy markers                                                                  27,800    11.89    24,730    10.76
  Statistical assistants                                                                         22,050    14.22    29,570    13.40

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers                      21,350    16.72    34,780    15.43
  Farm labor contractors                                                                          8,290     8.95    18,620     6.82
  Agricultural inspectors                                                                        12,210    14.72    30,620    13.75
  Animal breeders                                                                                 1,680    12.11    25,200    10.28
  Graders and sorters, agricultural products                                                     56,210     8.00    16,640     7.11
  Agricultural equipment operators                                                               23,230     8.66    18,020     7.68
  Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse                                       215,150     7.21    15,000     6.64
  Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals                                                            36,270     8.18    17,010     7.61
  Forest and conservation workers                                                                 9,990    10.45    21,730     8.97
  Fallers                                                                                         9,910    14.59    30,350    12.33
  Logging equipment operators                                                                    34,180    12.47    25,930    12.07
  Log graders and scalers                                                                         5,470    13.81    28,730    13.07

Construction and extraction occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers                 502,010    22.95    47,740    21.53
  Boilermakers                                                                                   25,280    18.26    37,980    17.80
  Brickmasons and blockmasons                                                                   108,590    19.78    41,140    19.37
  Stonemasons                                                                                    10,100    15.57    32,380    14.98
  Carpenters                                                                                    858,890    16.88    35,100    15.69
  Carpet installers                                                                              38,010    15.88    33,030    14.46
  Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles                                              12,300    15.90    33,070    14.81
  Floor sanders and finishers                                                                     7,610    14.95    31,100    13.17
  Tile and marble setters                                                                        27,870    17.58    36,580    16.49
  Cement masons and concrete finishers                                                          169,550    14.92    31,020    13.50
  Terrazzo workers and finishers                                                                  4,510    15.76    32,790    15.06
  Construction laborers                                                                         821,210    12.95    26,940    11.15
  Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators                                             56,330    14.47    30,090    12.88
  Pile-driver operators                                                                           4,320    19.99    41,570    19.85
  Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators                                333,200    17.39    36,170    15.99
  Drywall and ceiling tile installers                                                           118,280    17.11    35,580    15.80
  Tapers                                                                                         35,440    18.60    38,680    17.81

  Electricians                                                                                  640,260    20.29    42,210    19.29
  Glaziers                                                                                       46,160    15.56    32,360    14.32
  Insulation workers                                                                             54,710    14.86    30,910    13.05
  Painters, construction and maintenance                                                        261,040    14.24    29,610    13.10
  Paperhangers                                                                                   10,690    15.62    32,490    15.33
  Pipelayers                                                                                     59,560    14.53    30,220    13.20
  Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                                                       437,140    19.31    40,170    18.19
  Plasterers and stucco masons                                                                   45,150    16.91    35,170    16.00
  Reinforcing iron and rebar workers                                                             27,010    18.17    37,800    16.78
  Roofers                                                                                       114,410    15.22    31,670    13.95
  Sheet metal workers                                                                           218,020    16.85    35,050    15.31
  Structural iron and steel workers                                                              81,710    18.82    39,140    17.92

  Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters                    58,090    12.39    25,780    10.95
  Helpers--carpenters                                                                            99,170    10.37    21,570     9.91
  Helpers--electricians                                                                         112,820    10.93    22,740    10.27
  Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons                                 26,910    10.28    21,380     9.28
  Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                                   85,320    10.79    22,450    10.21
  Helpers--roofers                                                                               24,160     9.77    20,320     9.35

  Construction and building inspectors                                                           68,690    19.10    39,730    18.63
  Elevator installers and repairers                                                              25,100    22.23    46,240    22.78
  Fence erectors                                                                                 18,370    12.02    25,010    10.53
  Hazardous materials removal workers                                                            34,070    15.21    31,630    13.71
  Highway maintenance workers                                                                   145,790    13.21    27,480    12.82
  Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators                                           9,940    14.84    30,870    14.93
  Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners                                                  15,040    13.91    28,930    13.02
  Segmental pavers                                                                                2,680    13.48    28,050    12.46

  Derrick operators, oil and gas                                                                 15,540    13.42    27,910    12.41
  Rotary drill operators, oil and gas                                                            15,500    15.99    33,270    14.83
  Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining                                                   11,020    13.34    27,750    12.12
  Earth drillers, except oil and gas                                                             19,860    15.39    32,010    14.68
  Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters                                     4,680    16.15    33,590    15.84
  Continuous mining machine operators                                                             9,480    16.05    33,380    15.64
  Mine cutting and channeling machine operators                                                   6,710    16.68    34,690    16.65
  Rock splitters, quarry                                                                          2,600    13.10    27,250    12.43
  Roof bolters, mining                                                                            3,460    17.19    35,760    17.21
  Roustabouts, oil and gas                                                                       38,590    10.88    22,640     9.83
  Helpers--extraction workers                                                                    30,760    11.72    24,380    10.99

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers                       421,740    22.39    46,560    21.27
  Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers                                      142,390    15.80    32,860    15.08
  Radio mechanics                                                                                 7,110    16.73    34,800    15.86
  Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers                 192,470    20.44    42,520    21.17
  Avionics technicians                                                                           15,360    20.00    41,600    19.86
  Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers                                              36,620    16.38    34,070    15.80
  Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment                  15,930    17.16    35,690    16.93
  Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment                      81,760    17.88    37,190    17.75
  Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay                        19,300    22.35    46,490    23.34
  Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles                                  12,480    12.71    26,440    12.06
  Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers                               29,550    13.55    28,190    12.72
  Security and fire alarm systems installers                                                     38,810    15.92    33,100    14.66

  Aircraft mechanics and service technicians                                                    135,730    19.49    40,550    19.50
  Automotive body and related repairers                                                         168,170    16.21    33,710    15.00
  Automotive glass installers and repairers                                                      21,240    13.03    27,090    12.46
  Automotive service technicians and mechanics                                                  692,570    14.80    30,780    13.70
  Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists                                         258,800    15.97    33,210    15.55
  Farm equipment mechanics                                                                       37,010    12.83    26,690    12.38
  Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines                                              118,300    16.73    34,790    16.32
  Rail car repairers                                                                             10,620    15.85    32,960    16.19
  Motorboat mechanics                                                                            19,040    13.49    28,060    12.82
  Motorcycle mechanics                                                                           11,720    12.90    26,820    12.07
  Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics                                       25,760    11.86    24,670    11.43
  Bicycle repairers                                                                               7,940     9.04    18,810     8.67
  Recreational vehicle service technicians                                                       12,200    12.79    26,610    12.20
  Tire repairers and changers                                                                    88,530     9.66    20,100     9.02

  Mechanical door repairers                                                                      10,460    14.41    29,980    13.77
  Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door                             34,910    19.66    40,890    19.87
  Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers                         197,930    16.43    34,180    15.76
  Home appliance repairers                                                                       33,910    14.80    30,790    13.87
  Industrial machinery mechanics                                                                192,180    18.02    37,490    17.30
  Maintenance and repair workers, general                                                     1,216,250    14.14    29,420    13.39
  Maintenance workers, machinery                                                                107,500    15.47    32,170    14.89
  Millwrights                                                                                    75,940    19.42    40,400    19.33
  Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons                                              3,640    16.64    34,620    16.82
  Electrical power-line installers and repairers                                                 96,200    21.39    44,490    22.01
  Telecommunications line installers and repairers                                              168,480    18.29    38,050    18.32
  Camera and photographic equipment repairers                                                     5,080    14.53    30,230    13.94
  Medical equipment repairers                                                                    22,020    18.02    37,470    16.99
  Musical instrument repairers and tuners                                                         5,620    17.26    35,900    15.10
  Watch repairers                                                                                 4,000    13.12    27,290    12.08

  Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers                                   35,480    12.74    26,510    12.33
  Commercial divers                                                                               2,920    21.13    43,940    15.47
  Fabric menders, except garment                                                                  2,390    12.75    26,530    10.85
  Locksmiths and safe repairers                                                                  13,150    14.29    29,720    13.22
  Manufactured building and mobile home installers                                               13,410    11.06    23,010    10.43
  Riggers                                                                                        14,640    15.90    33,060    15.42
  Signal and track switch repairers                                                               5,540    18.94    39,400    19.25
  Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers                                        146,870    10.88    22,620     9.98

Production occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers                           769,540    20.68    43,020    19.39
  Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers                                  32,680    18.34    38,150    19.64
  Coil winders, tapers, and finishers                                                            53,050    10.55    21,940     9.77
  Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers                                                367,150    11.03    22,950    10.31
  Electromechanical equipment assemblers                                                         72,550    11.81    24,560    11.16
  Engine and other machine assemblers                                                            66,090    14.09    29,320    13.47
  Structural metal fabricators and fitters                                                      101,490    13.70    28,490    13.11
  Fiberglass laminators and fabricators                                                          46,700    11.75    24,430    10.82
  Team assemblers                                                                             1,306,430    11.29    23,490    10.32
  Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators                                           11,020    11.66    24,250    10.78

  Bakers                                                                                        156,100    10.12    21,050     9.48
  Butchers and meat cutters                                                                     134,250    12.35    25,690    11.60
  Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers                                                  148,100     8.51    17,710     8.06
  Slaughterers and meat packers                                                                 118,900     9.29    19,330     9.33
  Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders                    19,140    12.10    25,170    10.91
  Food batchmakers                                                                               67,320    10.71    22,280    10.09
  Food cooking machine operators and tenders                                                     36,020    10.49    21,830     9.92

  Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic                                 162,360    13.84    28,780    13.17
  Numerical tool and process control programmers                                                 22,460    18.12    37,690    17.70
  Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic              114,210    12.03    25,030    11.66
  Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                             53,950    13.30    27,660    12.11
  Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                             49,710    13.39    27,850    12.85
  Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and 
   plastic                                                                                      351,050    11.67    24,280    11.03
  Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic            71,490    12.97    26,990    12.25
  Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators,
     and tenders, metal and plastic                                                             124,080    12.42    25,820    11.71
  Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic              84,020    14.27    29,680    13.77
  Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                 35,610    14.00    29,130    13.25
  Machinists                                                                                    420,320    15.20    31,610    14.78
  Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders                                                   19,770    14.12    29,370    13.47
  Pourers and casters, metal                                                                     15,660    13.38    27,840    12.67
  Model makers, metal and plastic                                                                10,540    17.10    35,570    16.07
  Patternmakers, metal and plastic                                                                8,290    15.88    33,040    14.83
  Foundry mold and coremakers                                                                    34,130    12.45    25,900    11.88
  Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and 
   plastic                                                                                      158,280    11.36    23,630    10.40
  Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                      109,950    14.11    29,350    12.96

  Tool and die makers                                                                           131,080    20.07    41,740    19.76
  Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers                                                      413,720    13.98    29,080    13.13
  Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders                        69,670    14.30    29,730    13.09
  Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                     35,840    13.47    28,020    12.64
  Lay-out workers, metal and plastic                                                             16,770    15.22    31,650    14.27
  Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                 54,760    11.82    24,580    11.23
  Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners                                                          28,360    14.22    29,580    13.22

  Bindery workers                                                                               102,020    11.14    23,180    10.05
  Bookbinders                                                                                     9,080    12.89    26,810    11.42
  Job printers                                                                                   50,070    14.37    29,880    13.61
  Prepress technicians and workers                                                              104,920    15.31    31,840    14.57
  Printing machine operators                                                                    214,880    14.47    30,090    13.57

  Laundry and dry-cleaning workers                                                              216,630     7.99    16,630     7.59
  Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials                                             100,190     8.14    16,940     7.77
  Sewing machine operators                                                                      362,010     8.39    17,450     7.80
  Shoe and leather workers and repairers                                                         12,210     9.07    18,860     8.32
  Shoe machine operators and tenders                                                              8,070     9.17    19,060     8.89
  Sewers, hand                                                                                   24,240     9.09    18,900     8.09
  Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers                                                        32,840    11.20    23,300    10.14
  Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders                                     38,350     9.49    19,750     9.42
  Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders                                        39,730     9.74    20,260     9.23
  Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders                           69,110    10.45    21,730    10.32
  Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders             82,320    10.12    21,040     9.89
  Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass 
   fibers                                                                                        36,350    12.68    26,380    12.66
  Fabric and apparel patternmakers                                                               14,890    14.32    29,790    11.57
  Upholsterers                                                                                   42,410    12.30    25,580    11.42

  Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters                                                            132,630    11.60    24,140    10.83
  Furniture finishers                                                                            36,870    10.95    22,770    10.34
  Model makers, wood                                                                              4,900    13.31    27,680    11.70
  Patternmakers, wood                                                                             5,420    14.50    30,160    13.59
  Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood                                           54,330    10.71    22,290    10.23
  Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing                             99,410    10.44    21,710    10.00

  Nuclear power reactor operators                                                                 2,550    28.41    59,100    27.51
  Power distributors and dispatchers                                                             15,050    23.65    49,190    23.35
  Power plant operators                                                                          34,720    21.79    45,330    22.16
  Stationary engineers and boiler operators                                                      56,330    19.94    41,470    19.43
  Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators                                    87,760    15.60    32,450    15.09
  Chemical plant and system operators                                                            62,450    19.31    40,160    19.59
  Gas plant operators                                                                            12,890    21.47    44,660    21.50
  Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers                               31,230    21.15    43,980    21.72

  Chemical equipment operators and tenders                                                       60,380    17.46    36,310    17.21
  Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, 
   operators, and tenders                                                                        36,110    13.77    28,650    13.09
  Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders                      45,010    12.60    26,200    11.99
  Grinding and polishing workers, hand                                                           48,610    11.53    23,990    10.48
  Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders                                   111,480    13.05    27,150    12.58
  Cutters and trimmers, hand                                                                     34,340    11.07    23,030     9.78
  Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders                                    82,450    11.98    24,920    11.48
  Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders           76,370    12.57    26,150    11.94
  Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders                                   31,800    13.60    28,300    13.13
  Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers                                          571,220    13.47    28,010    12.22
  Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers                                                  31,030    13.91    28,930    12.66
  Dental laboratory technicians                                                                  40,580    14.04    29,200    12.94
  Medical appliance technicians                                                                  11,480    13.44    27,950    11.97
  Ophthalmic laboratory technicians                                                              36,980    10.45    21,740     9.88

  Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders                                           370,080    10.43    21,700     9.45
  Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders                       103,650    12.09    25,140    11.37
  Painters, transportation equipment                                                             43,270    15.82    32,910    14.64
  Painting, coating, and decorating workers                                                      33,940    10.48    21,810     9.55
  Photographic process workers                                                                   26,650    10.65    22,140     9.44
  Photographic processing machine operators                                                      51,950     9.39    19,540     8.39
  Semiconductor processors                                                                       67,000    13.06    27,170    12.23
  Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders                                             34,220    11.14    23,170    10.49
  Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders                          18,440    11.10    23,100    10.17
  Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders                                            7,410    10.58    22,010     9.70
  Etchers and engravers                                                                          11,060    11.42    23,740    10.12
  Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic                                        40,260    11.83    24,620    11.24
  Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders                                           121,300    13.32    27,700    12.75
  Tire builders                                                                                  15,790    16.30    33,910    17.56
  Helpers--production workers                                                                   533,720     9.30    19,350     8.66

Transportation and material moving occupations
  Aircraft cargo handling supervisors                                                             9,960    19.57    40,710    18.19
  First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand               146,790    17.75    36,910    16.73
  First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine
     and vehicle operators                                                                      186,710    20.73    43,120    19.37
  Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers                                                 94,820     (2)     99,770     (2)
  Commercial pilots                                                                              18,040     (2)     51,370     (2)
  Air traffic controllers                                                                        23,350    38.20    79,460    39.67
  Airfield operations specialists                                                                 4,580    17.31    36,000    15.42

  Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians                         15,700     9.46    19,680     8.57
  Bus drivers, transit and intercity                                                            175,470    13.10    27,250    12.36
  Bus drivers, school                                                                           457,050    10.31    21,430    10.05
  Driver/sales workers                                                                          373,660    11.08    23,060     9.79
  Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer                                                    1,577,070    15.78    32,810    15.25
  Truck drivers, light or delivery services                                                   1,033,220    11.84    24,620    10.74
  Taxi drivers and chauffeurs                                                                   130,200     9.10    18,920     8.19

  Locomotive engineers                                                                           29,390    21.20    44,090    21.26
  Locomotive firers                                                                               1,040    20.93    43,540    23.02
  Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers                                             4,020    19.22    39,980    17.69
  Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators                                                   16,830    20.16    41,930    18.82
  Railroad conductors and yardmasters                                                            40,380    20.11    41,840    18.86
  Subway and street car operators                                                                 3,190    19.74    41,060    20.10

  Sailors and marine oilers                                                                      30,090    13.94    29,000    13.52
  Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels                                                   21,080    23.30    48,450    22.84
  Motorboat operators                                                                             3,540    14.61    30,400    13.83
  Ship engineers                                                                                  7,370    23.12    48,100    22.85

  Bridge and lock tenders                                                                         4,790    14.60    30,370    15.59
  Parking lot attendants                                                                        116,930     7.69    15,990     7.15
  Service station attendants                                                                    106,010     7.87    16,370     7.35
  Traffic technicians                                                                             4,590    16.19    33,670    14.82
  Transportation inspectors                                                                      26,520    21.25    44,200    21.68

  Conveyor operators and tenders                                                                 62,250    11.50    23,920    10.70
  Crane and tower operators                                                                      55,770    16.99    35,340    15.89
  Dredge operators                                                                                3,100    14.32    29,790    13.38
  Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators                                          70,080    16.10    33,480    14.94
  Loading machine operators, underground mining                                                   2,680    14.22    29,570    13.87
  Hoist and winch operators                                                                       9,280    16.02    33,320    14.40
  Industrial truck and tractor operators                                                        615,390    12.54    26,090    11.74
  Cleaners of vehicles and equipment                                                            301,330     8.36    17,380     7.55
  Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand                                      2,120,640     9.84    20,460     9.04
  Machine feeders and offbearers                                                                213,950    10.43    21,690     9.69
  Packers and packagers, hand                                                                 1,020,640     8.19    17,030     7.53
  Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators                                                6,510    20.05    41,700    20.32
  Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers                                                        13,730    18.00    37,440    17.16
  Wellhead pumpers                                                                                9,790    16.04    33,360    16.35
  Refuse and recyclable material collectors                                                     118,910    12.51    26,020    11.83
  Shuttle car operators                                                                           3,060    17.30    35,980    17.97
  Tank car, truck, and ship loaders                                                              17,480    15.62    32,490    13.78


(1) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 
 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly 
 calculated  from the reported survey data.

(2) Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.

(3) Represents a wage above $70.01 per hour.