For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 20, 2023 USDL-23-2228 

Technical information: 

 Employment: (202) 691-6559 • sminfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/sae 

 Unemployment: (202) 691-6392 • lausinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT — SEPTEMBER 2023

Unemployment rates were higher in September in 16 states and stable in 34 states and the District of 

Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Twenty-four states had jobless rate 

decreases from a year earlier, 10 states and the District had increases, and 16 states had little change. 

The national unemployment rate, 3.8 percent, was unchanged over the month but was 0.3 percentage 

point higher than in September 2022. 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 6 states and was essentially unchanged in 44 states and the 

District of Columbia in September 2023. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 36 

states and was essentially unchanged in 14 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force and 

unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. These data pertain to 

individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures 

nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by 

where the establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 

methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note. 

Unemployment

Maryland had the lowest jobless rate in September, 1.6 percent. The next lowest rates were in North 

Dakota, South Dakota, and Vermont, 1.9 percent each. The rates in Maryland (1.6 percent), 

Pennsylvania (3.4 percent), and Rhode Island (2.6 percent) set new series lows. (All state series begin in 

1976.) Nevada had the highest unemployment rate, 5.4 percent. In total, 25 states had unemployment 

rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.8 percent, 2 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, 

and 23 states had rates that were not appreciably different from that of the nation. (See tables A and 1 

and map 1.) 

In September, 16 states had over-the-month unemployment rate increases, the largest of which was in 

Illinois (+0.3 percentage point). Thirty-four states and the District of Columbia had jobless rates that 

were not notably different from those of a month earlier, though some had changes that were at least as 

large numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)
-2-

Twenty-four states had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which was in 

Maryland (-1.6 percentage points). Ten states and the District of Columbia had rate increases from 

September 2022, the largest of which was in New Jersey (+1.2 percentage points). Sixteen states had 

jobless rates that were not notably different from those of a year earlier, though some had changes that 

were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 6 states and was essentially unchanged in 44 states and the 

District of Columbia in September 2023. The largest job gains occurred in Texas (+61,400), Georgia 

(+17,100), and Oregon (+8,100). The largest percentage increases occurred in South Dakota (+0.9 

percent), Delaware (+0.7 percent), and Mississippi (+0.5 percent). (See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 36 states and was essentially unchanged in 14 

states and the District of Columbia. The largest job gains occurred in Texas (+435,800), California 

(+302,800), and Florida (+241,200). The largest percentage increases occurred in Nevada (+3.4 

percent), Texas (+3.2 percent), and Idaho (+3.0 percent). (See table E and map 2.) 

_____________ 

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for September is scheduled 

to be released on Wednesday, November 1, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 

Unemployment news release for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 17, 

2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). 

Wildfires in Lahaina, Hawaii 

The August wildfires in Lahaina, Hawaii, reduced the total nonfarm employment estimates for

September 2023. However, it is not possible to precisely quantify the net impact because the survey is 

not designed to isolate effects from catastrophic events on Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

employment, hours, and earnings. 

CES will continue to closely monitor collection rates in the affected areas. For the preliminary

September 2023 estimates, collection rates were lower than normal for the affected areas of the KahuluiWailuku-Lahaina metropolitan area. As such, CES modified its estimation methodology, using imputed 

data to account for nonresponse. 

For the household survey, the statewide response rate for Hawaii was within its normal range for 

September 2023. The Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program will publish preliminary 

September estimates for substate areas on November 1, 2023. 
-3- 

State Rate p

United States 1 ................................................ 3.8

Alabama ........................................................... 2.2

Arkansas .......................................................... 2.9

California .......................................................... 4.7

District of Columbia ........................................... 5.0

Florida .............................................................. 2.8

Hawaii .............................................................. 2.8

Idaho ................................................................ 3.1

Iowa ................................................................. 3.0

Kansas ............................................................. 2.8

Maine ............................................................... 2.7

Maryland ........................................................... 1.6

Massachusetts ................................................... 2.6

Minnesota ......................................................... 3.1

Missouri ............................................................ 2.9

Montana ............................................................ 2.7

Nebraska .......................................................... 2.1

Nevada ............................................................. 5.4

New Hampshire ................................................. 2.0

North Dakota ..................................................... 1.9

Oklahoma .......................................................... 3.0

Rhode Island ..................................................... 2.6

South Carolina .................................................. 2.9

South Dakota .................................................... 1.9

Utah ................................................................. 2.6

Vermont ............................................................ 1.9

Virginia ............................................................. 2.5

Wisconsin ......................................................... 3.1

Wyoming .......................................................... 2.9

1

 Data are not preliminary.

p

 = preliminary.

Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different from that

of the U.S., September 2023, seasonally adjusted
-4- 

Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from August 2023

to September 2023, seasonally adjusted

August 2023 September 2023 p

Alaska ........................................ 3.9 4.1 0.2

Arizona ....................................... 3.8 4.0 .2

Arkansas .................................... 2.7 2.9 .2

California .................................... 4.6 4.7 .1

Idaho .......................................... 3.0 3.1 .1

Illinois ......................................... 4.1 4.4 .3

Iowa ........................................... 2.9 3.0 .1

Maine ......................................... 2.5 2.7 .2

Michigan ..................................... 3.7 3.9 .2

Montana ...................................... 2.5 2.7 .2

New Hampshire ........................... 1.8 2.0 .2

New Jersey ................................. 4.2 4.4 .2

Oklahoma .................................... 2.8 3.0 .2

Utah ........................................... 2.5 2.6 .1

West Virginia .............................. 3.6 3.8 .2

Wisconsin ................................... 2.9 3.1 .2

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-month 

change p
-5- 

Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from September 2022

to September 2023, seasonally adjusted

September 2022 September 2023 p

Alabama ..................................... 2.6 2.2 -0.4

Alaska ........................................ 3.7 4.1 .4

Arkansas .................................... 3.5 2.9 -.6

California .................................... 4.0 4.7 .7

Colorado ..................................... 2.8 3.2 .4

Connecticut ................................. 4.0 3.5 -.5

Delaware .................................... 4.6 4.1 -.5

District of Columbia ..................... 4.1 5.0 .9

Georgia ...................................... 3.1 3.4 .3

Hawaii ........................................ 3.7 2.8 -.9

Idaho .......................................... 2.8 3.1 .3

Indiana ....................................... 3.2 3.6 .4

Louisiana .................................... 3.6 3.3 -.3

Maryland ..................................... 3.2 1.6 -1.6

Massachusetts ............................. 3.7 2.6 -1.1

Michigan ..................................... 4.3 3.9 -.4

Minnesota ................................... 2.9 3.1 .2

Mississippi .................................. 4.0 3.2 -.8

Missouri ...................................... 2.6 2.9 .3

Nebraska .................................... 2.6 2.1 -.5

New Hampshire ........................... 2.8 2.0 -.8

New Jersey ................................. 3.2 4.4 1.2

North Carolina ............................. 3.9 3.4 -.5

North Dakota ............................... 2.1 1.9 -.2

Ohio ........................................... 4.1 3.4 -.7

Oregon ....................................... 4.6 3.5 -1.1

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.3 3.4 -.9

Rhode Island ............................... 3.4 2.6 -.8

South Carolina ............................ 3.3 2.9 -.4

South Dakota .............................. 2.2 1.9 -.3

Texas .......................................... 3.8 4.1 .3

Vermont ...................................... 3.0 1.9 -1.1

Virginia ....................................... 3.0 2.5 -.5

Washington ................................. 4.4 3.6 -.8

Wyoming .................................... 3.8 2.9 -.9

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-year 

change p
-6- 

Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from August 2023 to

September 2023, seasonally adjusted

August September

2023 2023 p Level Percent

Delaware .................................... 483,600 486,800 3,200 0.7

Georgia ...................................... 4,925,600 4,942,700 17,100 .3

Mississippi .................................. 1,168,100 1,174,400 6,300 .5

Oregon ....................................... 2,001,400 2,009,500 8,100 .4

South Dakota .............................. 463,300 467,300 4,000 .9

Texas .......................................... 13,988,000 14,049,400 61,400 .4

p

 = preliminary.

Over-the-month change p

State
-7- 

Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from September 2022 to

September 2023, seasonally adjusted

September September

2022 2023 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,126,500 2,158,000 31,500 1.5

Arizona ....................................... 3,113,000 3,172,400 59,400 1.9

California .................................... 17,806,200 18,109,000 302,800 1.7

Colorado ..................................... 2,877,800 2,917,800 40,000 1.4

Delaware .................................... 474,900 486,800 11,900 2.5

Florida ........................................ 9,555,200 9,796,400 241,200 2.5

Georgia ...................................... 4,846,600 4,942,700 96,100 2.0

Idaho .......................................... 835,800 860,700 24,900 3.0

Illinois ......................................... 6,079,600 6,159,000 79,400 1.3

Indiana ....................................... 3,219,700 3,273,100 53,400 1.7

 

Kansas ....................................... 1,426,900 1,449,100 22,200 1.6

Kentucky .................................... 1,981,300 2,030,500 49,200 2.5

Louisiana .................................... 1,932,900 1,978,900 46,000 2.4

Maryland ..................................... 2,725,600 2,764,500 38,900 1.4

Massachusetts ............................. 3,691,400 3,783,300 91,900 2.5

Michigan ..................................... 4,381,400 4,432,800 51,400 1.2

Minnesota ................................... 2,951,500 2,994,800 43,300 1.5

Missouri ...................................... 2,945,000 2,988,700 43,700 1.5

Nebraska .................................... 1,030,700 1,046,500 15,800 1.5

Nevada ....................................... 1,512,900 1,563,700 50,800 3.4

 

New Jersey ................................. 4,282,400 4,347,400 65,000 1.5

New Mexico ................................. 853,400 871,100 17,700 2.1

New York .................................... 9,585,900 9,739,100 153,200 1.6

North Carolina ............................. 4,843,400 4,948,400 105,000 2.2

Ohio ........................................... 5,555,600 5,648,100 92,500 1.7

Oregon ....................................... 1,966,000 2,009,500 43,500 2.2

Pennsylvania ............................... 6,022,900 6,171,600 148,700 2.5

South Carolina ............................ 2,268,800 2,308,300 39,500 1.7

South Dakota .............................. 455,200 467,300 12,100 2.7

Tennessee .................................. 3,275,200 3,329,200 54,000 1.6

 

Texas .......................................... 13,613,600 14,049,400 435,800 3.2

Utah ........................................... 1,694,800 1,726,000 31,200 1.8

Virginia ....................................... 4,106,700 4,157,700 51,000 1.2

Washington ................................. 3,556,500 3,645,500 89,000 2.5

West Virginia .............................. 694,800 706,700 11,900 1.7

Wyoming .................................... 285,200 293,000 7,800 2.7

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-year change p
Technical Note

This news release presents civilian labor force and 

unemployment data for states and selected substate areas from 

the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program 

(tables 1 and 2). Also presented are nonfarm payroll 

employment estimates by state and industry supersector from 

the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 

4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state 

cooperative endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment—from the 

LAUS program

 Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment 

data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those 

used for the official national estimates obtained from the 

Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of 

households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program 

measures employed people and unemployed people on a place

of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian 

noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. 

Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or 

profit in the reference week (typically the week including the 

12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in 

a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job 

from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, 

for such reasons as bad weather, labor-management dispute, 

illness, or vacation.

 Unemployed people are those who were not employed during 

the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively 

looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week, and were currently available for work; people 

on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be 

counted as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of 

employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is 

the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor 

force.

 Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District 

of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 

metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of 

California and New York State are produced using time-series 

models. This method, which underwent substantial 

enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes data from 

several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state 

unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state 

of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los 

Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the 

balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State 

are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and 

the balance of New York State. Estimates for the five additional 

substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria 

and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn metropolitan areas and the 

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach

Kendall, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) 

and their respective balances of state are produced using a 

similar model-based approach.

 Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are 

modeled using inputs from the CPS only and controlled to the

national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their 

respective census division totals. Substate and balance-of-state 

estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to 

their respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling 

model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called real-time 

benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a 

monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A more detailed 

description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS 

upon request

 Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment 

data for prior years reflect adjustments made after the end of 

each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population 

data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other 

data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical 

data for the most recent five years are revised near the 

beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January 

estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time

series models in 2021, historical data were re-estimated back to 

the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994. 

 Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the 

estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend, 

seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals 

of employed and unemployed people first are adjusted using an 

X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then 

are smoothed using a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space 

(RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of 

employed and unemployed people are summed to derive the 

civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 

calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. 

The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted unemployment 

rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published 

on the BLS website.

 During estimation for the current year, the smoothedseasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are created 

using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from 

previous observations only. For annual revisions, historical data 

are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

 Area definitions. The substate area data published in this 

release reflect the delineations that were issued by the U.S. 

Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A 

detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment—from the CES program

 Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on 

establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted 

at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; 

those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each 

payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal 

activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North 

American Industry Classification System. 

 Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment 

data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where 
possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link 

relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month 

weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted 

employment is computed from a sample of establishments 

reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the 

current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by 

the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted link 

relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample 

size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment 

series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct 

sample estimates (described above) combined with other 

regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

 Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted 

annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, 

derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by 

employers who are covered under state unemployment 

insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to 

adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and 

the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for 

the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process 

establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to 

measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the 

subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions 

is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm. 

 Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are 

seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector level. 

In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total 

is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted 

supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted 

payroll employment total is independently adjusted. Revisions 

to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 

year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.

 Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted 

concurrently, using all available estimates including those for 

the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.

Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for 

the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous 

month’s final estimate. 

 Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation 

procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each 

individual state. BLS independently develops a national 

employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to 

national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative 

sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series. 

Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level errors 

and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due 

to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-ofstates" employment series and cautions users that such a series 

is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

 The estimates presented in this release are based on sample 

surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are 

subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is 

a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs 

by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, 

such as those which can be introduced into the data collection 

and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from 

sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from 

the specific estimation processes used.

 Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment 

rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are cited in the 

analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be 

statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. 

Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month 

generally are cited only if they have been determined to be 

significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 90-percent 

confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error 

measures for unemployment rates and over-the-month and

over-the-year changes in rates are available at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. The underlying standard error 

measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state 

payroll employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector 

levels are available at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. 

Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

 Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the 

LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll employment from 

the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan 

divisions are available in the news release Metropolitan Area 

Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor 

force, employed people, unemployed people, and 

unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas 

are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data 

from the CES program for states and metropolitan areas are 

available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of 

hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services. 
LABOR FORCE DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Number Percent of labor force

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,284,341 2,306,838 2,307,641 2,309,963 60,488 48,789 48,590 50,179 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355,945 358,088 357,789 357,890 13,327 13,433 14,081 14,806 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637,210 3,689,008 3,697,312 3,708,888 147,163 134,610 141,617 147,804 4.0 3.6 3.8 4.0

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,371,057 1,386,994 1,389,539 1,392,337 47,598 35,624 37,339 39,900 3.5 2.6 2.7 2.9

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,240,773 19,421,198 19,402,058 19,384,351 769,532 884,871 895,044 913,628 4.0 4.6 4.6 4.7

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 4,942,392 5,020,818 5,025,127 5,024,836 220,540 245,699 249,881 258,609 4.5 4.9 5.0 5.1

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,193,207 3,252,576 3,255,054 3,252,588 88,338 95,121 99,856 103,493 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,916,141 1,896,845 1,896,455 1,897,866 75,930 68,948 67,253 65,553 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.5

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495,533 503,026 505,531 507,725 22,694 20,564 20,812 21,037 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,991 392,647 393,223 394,786 15,896 19,568 19,519 19,642 4.1 5.0 5.0 5.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,827,234 11,080,032 11,120,875 11,154,028 294,446 295,282 302,949 309,493 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,375,915 1,389,605 1,388,325 1,388,438 32,834 25,001 24,390 22,675 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,232,374 5,309,620 5,322,057 5,339,329 162,522 169,807 174,106 179,023 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680,020 677,611 676,405 675,607 24,856 19,277 19,024 19,192 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954,601 965,271 967,205 969,376 26,791 27,202 28,947 30,266 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.1

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,455,228 6,447,362 6,445,102 6,447,454 296,389 255,050 266,155 282,457 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.4

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,844,106 3,830,811 3,817,265 3,807,489 186,213 134,548 138,519 147,751 4.8 3.5 3.6 3.9

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,413,060 3,430,067 3,429,351 3,426,114 108,170 112,395 117,400 121,696 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,718,868 1,742,075 1,742,605 1,740,995 52,637 47,661 50,242 52,808 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505,261 1,521,779 1,520,808 1,521,673 43,678 41,729 41,743 42,279 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043,711 2,052,796 2,049,025 2,044,997 81,331 79,130 82,001 84,796 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,079,544 2,103,308 2,094,455 2,089,748 73,860 70,828 68,804 67,930 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671,247 682,089 683,140 685,440 19,951 16,288 17,148 18,192 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.7

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,166,219 3,198,693 3,200,086 3,196,664 101,843 58,092 54,778 52,700 3.2 1.8 1.7 1.6

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,729,695 3,715,299 3,717,415 3,716,229 136,845 91,874 98,262 96,710 3.7 2.5 2.6 2.6

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,836,382 4,940,919 4,966,834 4,989,872 210,187 176,898 183,249 192,395 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.9

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,101,026 2,139,186 2,152,823 2,169,042 76,802 63,928 68,508 74,200 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085,824 3,109,520 3,112,827 3,114,343 88,354 93,623 97,053 97,861 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,243,730 1,243,161 1,240,173 1,236,050 49,799 37,695 39,159 39,634 4.0 3.0 3.2 3.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,064,250 3,125,539 3,129,659 3,130,688 79,687 84,181 87,977 91,671 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569,827 577,204 577,719 578,344 15,378 14,197 14,691 15,419 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.7

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,059,779 1,061,927 1,060,204 1,059,967 28,070 20,788 21,145 21,954 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.1

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568,315 1,585,979 1,591,884 1,600,335 85,960 84,713 85,620 86,620 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769,339 760,366 757,831 757,705 21,816 13,091 13,782 15,133 2.8 1.7 1.8 2.0

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,763,708 4,875,778 4,877,694 4,872,019 152,559 190,008 203,340 214,336 3.2 3.9 4.2 4.4

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942,368 962,767 964,577 965,588 32,721 34,757 35,840 36,171 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,605,907 9,757,869 9,772,000 9,776,127 388,014 380,191 384,655 392,572 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,086,901 4,186,203 4,180,172 4,167,598 201,462 221,270 219,571 218,970 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,165,820 5,231,586 5,246,358 5,264,462 202,722 171,393 173,531 176,650 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413,700 419,211 418,371 417,736 8,686 8,292 7,890 7,773 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,724,932 5,817,271 5,820,256 5,818,247 236,035 193,792 195,642 199,255 4.1 3.3 3.4 3.4

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,024,419 1,038,033 1,039,718 1,041,281 46,689 37,099 37,372 38,571 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888,883 1,929,438 1,938,231 1,948,453 60,656 52,229 54,368 58,297 3.2 2.7 2.8 3.0

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,181,291 2,147,289 2,144,520 2,143,659 101,323 73,709 73,506 74,832 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.5

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,475,764 6,497,751 6,499,398 6,496,888 280,995 230,405 226,208 221,513 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568,765 570,348 571,004 571,921 19,263 15,813 15,232 14,873 3.4 2.8 2.7 2.6

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,372,324 2,448,053 2,455,425 2,461,568 78,407 77,071 73,016 71,669 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475,036 482,694 483,155 483,972 10,434 8,959 9,073 9,425 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,330,399 3,379,353 3,380,770 3,386,554 114,211 105,653 105,102 108,450 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,696,194 15,078,414 15,111,776 15,141,273 560,829 613,691 622,845 625,522 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,751,907 1,809,305 1,813,132 1,813,505 42,398 43,846 45,772 47,538 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342,661 347,526 348,302 348,849 10,123 6,300 6,407 6,605 3.0 1.8 1.8 1.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,445,177 4,597,503 4,601,628 4,610,653 132,310 116,341 113,102 116,293 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,007,520 4,069,269 4,067,213 4,061,156 177,698 147,381 145,895 146,945 4.4 3.6 3.6 3.6

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,779,028 1,817,172 1,821,562 1,821,235 56,474 55,857 57,830 59,179 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784,352 784,058 786,433 789,098 32,429 26,482 28,256 30,328 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.8

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,071,775 3,124,733 3,133,233 3,138,558 94,606 81,078 89,517 96,613 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.1

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293,412 299,178 299,071 298,626 11,228 8,883 8,739 8,697 3.8 3.0 2.9 2.9

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,177,152 1,178,692 1,182,328 1,188,161 69,477 73,656 72,840 70,862 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
LABOR FORCE DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

August September Number Percent of labor force

2022 2023 2022 2023p

August September August September

2022 2023 2022 2023p 2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,297,604 2,310,077 2,281,218 2,312,002 67,520 56,457 56,385 56,178 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361,328 361,375 356,592 359,223 10,588 13,327 10,720 14,381 2.9 3.7 3.0 4.0

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,635,207 3,712,218 3,650,556 3,747,231 162,387 171,756 146,243 160,044 4.5 4.6 4.0 4.3

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,372,929 1,395,255 1,375,057 1,397,560 48,306 46,102 44,440 45,037 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,237,794 19,341,972 19,315,502 19,459,721 787,545 995,210 713,729 949,574 4.1 5.1 3.7 4.9

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 4,927,912 5,004,763 4,958,064 5,029,591 230,668 291,666 213,559 291,850 4.7 5.8 4.3 5.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,212,071 3,273,628 3,213,586 3,253,069 88,886 115,728 81,309 104,830 2.8 3.5 2.5 3.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928,919 1,901,541 1,918,301 1,901,967 78,780 65,655 69,084 56,111 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498,447 514,146 491,742 507,572 24,128 23,799 20,714 20,661 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.1

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391,193 395,609 388,623 399,118 17,834 21,891 15,899 21,185 4.6 5.5 4.1 5.3

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,838,084 11,226,113 10,870,883 11,257,692 329,096 350,588 295,586 340,051 3.0 3.1 2.7 3.0

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,380,890 1,382,426 1,368,450 1,386,406 40,178 25,895 35,540 21,206 2.9 1.9 2.6 1.5

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,216,939 5,333,765 5,223,304 5,370,023 176,547 203,928 147,440 184,414 3.4 3.8 2.8 3.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681,083 673,436 678,618 673,444 25,260 20,745 25,055 22,400 3.7 3.1 3.7 3.3

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958,113 976,204 955,201 973,964 25,025 31,484 22,090 27,989 2.6 3.2 2.3 2.9

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,503,782 6,486,715 6,452,501 6,455,371 312,947 340,982 274,191 317,801 4.8 5.3 4.2 4.9

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,866,315 3,795,342 3,831,468 3,764,550 201,205 187,968 177,676 176,145 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.7

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,430,933 3,431,066 3,398,192 3,397,364 109,816 128,454 83,602 112,942 3.2 3.7 2.5 3.3

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,711,771 1,727,817 1,719,102 1,729,896 49,973 57,440 42,231 50,125 2.9 3.3 2.5 2.9

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500,210 1,511,641 1,503,917 1,524,766 47,017 48,724 38,397 42,302 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,053,785 2,034,625 2,043,521 2,029,253 79,092 86,772 70,984 84,051 3.9 4.3 3.5 4.1

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088,168 2,078,211 2,084,547 2,093,235 82,106 71,423 73,258 74,446 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685,971 697,190 671,831 690,266 15,309 17,511 16,214 17,035 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.5

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,188,829 3,215,027 3,162,178 3,186,304 110,094 57,981 92,912 58,482 3.5 1.8 2.9 1.8

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,783,710 3,748,751 3,712,922 3,700,642 145,927 107,510 131,259 92,894 3.9 2.9 3.5 2.5

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,881,928 5,070,170 4,844,442 5,035,705 207,769 214,897 185,167 196,438 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.9

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,128,314 2,212,984 2,117,164 2,221,906 79,718 91,167 73,455 84,784 3.7 4.1 3.5 3.8

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,097,547 3,120,056 3,090,530 3,109,419 82,519 100,290 67,527 79,468 2.7 3.2 2.2 2.6

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248,443 1,232,278 1,245,917 1,224,988 50,748 48,579 47,861 37,961 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.1

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,067,092 3,128,402 3,059,338 3,121,932 86,871 105,055 59,884 81,511 2.8 3.4 2.0 2.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576,614 583,605 570,557 578,331 14,174 14,382 11,340 13,703 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.4

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060,293 1,052,835 1,054,341 1,056,102 26,128 20,265 23,044 20,922 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.0

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,572,396 1,612,173 1,571,408 1,626,881 88,890 93,050 82,582 87,284 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779,032 759,228 767,502 757,981 21,317 17,769 19,840 18,363 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.4

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,786,079 4,884,143 4,741,051 4,806,444 150,905 247,129 131,055 221,226 3.2 5.1 2.8 4.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943,507 967,806 945,265 964,449 34,369 40,588 31,875 34,083 3.6 4.2 3.4 3.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,673,378 9,829,112 9,604,546 9,737,197 409,978 431,228 343,584 388,237 4.2 4.4 3.6 4.0

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,109,763 4,155,936 4,069,726 4,095,300 212,474 234,288 183,574 211,420 5.2 5.6 4.5 5.2

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,167,884 5,270,843 5,170,816 5,305,168 215,096 189,105 178,358 170,391 4.2 3.6 3.4 3.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420,574 420,699 416,296 418,585 8,650 6,502 6,324 5,636 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.3

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,789,723 5,872,784 5,723,583 5,789,661 240,799 216,520 212,441 200,157 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.5

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,042,913 1,054,109 1,020,797 1,036,586 47,135 39,290 41,976 39,612 4.5 3.7 4.1 3.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888,196 1,960,158 1,890,095 1,973,981 62,930 65,270 56,645 66,965 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.4

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,200,720 2,160,334 2,189,826 2,148,833 102,597 82,612 92,612 74,672 4.7 3.8 4.2 3.5

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,540,760 6,576,101 6,498,568 6,499,075 337,045 284,460 253,059 198,545 5.2 4.3 3.9 3.1

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574,529 574,665 572,005 576,843 22,942 18,045 16,815 13,346 4.0 3.1 2.9 2.3

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,382,975 2,466,590 2,366,602 2,456,380 83,989 59,529 70,362 63,156 3.5 2.4 3.0 2.6

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479,996 487,530 474,906 486,591 10,876 9,887 7,868 8,509 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.7

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,343,433 3,370,473 3,334,048 3,388,921 120,044 113,045 106,679 116,526 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,674,216 15,187,684 14,685,013 15,178,537 579,361 685,142 542,893 620,303 3.9 4.5 3.7 4.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,751,602 1,813,999 1,754,010 1,803,462 44,341 53,964 36,763 46,114 2.5 3.0 2.1 2.6

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346,470 353,066 341,703 347,672 9,575 7,749 9,349 7,106 2.8 2.2 2.7 2.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,463,166 4,617,533 4,447,950 4,620,475 148,852 141,672 131,653 138,664 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,010,385 4,063,853 4,011,679 4,044,021 179,992 162,206 160,687 147,265 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.6

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,774,746 1,826,163 1,786,143 1,814,193 59,172 66,790 58,297 65,189 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.6

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789,158 798,062 785,475 797,107 33,785 34,912 25,501 30,484 4.3 4.4 3.2 3.8

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,106,353 3,168,737 3,081,893 3,145,491 98,179 117,152 84,835 101,427 3.2 3.7 2.8 3.2

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295,456 299,961 295,451 298,159 10,087 8,087 9,382 7,376 3.4 2.7 3.2 2.5

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161,635 1,194,766 1,172,435 1,203,253 69,531 72,373 73,825 67,502 6.0 6.1 6.3 5.6

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total1 Construction Manufacturing

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,126.5 2,157.5 2,156.9 2,158.0 99.7 101.8 102.1 101.7 277.0 277.0 277.7 277.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.1 325.7 327.0 326.2 16.0 16.8 17.1 16.5 11.7 10.7 10.7 11.8

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,113.0 3,156.9 3,164.2 3,172.4 197.5 199.8 202.8 200.5 195.2 193.7 192.9 194.3

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,344.9 1,364.3 1,367.9 1,364.6 58.7 63.5 64.1 64.8 163.9 164.9 164.0 161.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,806.2 18,097.1 18,100.3 18,109.0 919.7 927.6 931.6 933.8 1,345.5 1,339.0 1,337.5 1,332.9

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,877.8 2,910.4 2,916.3 2,917.8 184.7 181.2 181.3 180.5 153.7 155.4 155.4 155.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,673.4 1,691.2 1,691.3 1,694.5 60.4 61.3 61.6 60.7 158.1 157.2 157.8 158.7

Delaware2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.9 483.3 483.6 486.8 23.5 24.3 24.7 24.5 26.4 27.4 27.4 27.5

District of Columbia2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.0 775.6 777.1 779.3 15.4 15.4 15.6 15.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,555.2 9,763.4 9,776.8 9,796.4 607.8 610.6 612.6 613.2 415.1 424.6 424.8 422.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,846.6 4,913.7 4,925.6 4,942.7 214.3 223.0 224.0 225.0 419.9 416.7 418.9 418.9

Hawaii2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.7 636.6 632.1 632.3 37.4 37.9 37.9 38.0 12.7 12.8 12.7 12.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835.8 852.7 856.5 860.7 67.6 70.1 70.7 70.3 74.6 72.0 71.4 72.1

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,079.6 6,145.7 6,149.5 6,159.0 232.6 236.2 236.0 235.7 574.9 564.7 565.2 567.7

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,219.7 3,269.5 3,266.4 3,273.1 156.9 165.3 166.5 166.1 543.5 540.2 541.0 541.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,573.8 1,585.6 1,585.7 1,585.2 81.0 81.8 81.0 82.8 225.1 226.2 226.9 227.1

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426.9 1,446.7 1,444.9 1,449.1 65.1 68.7 67.9 68.4 170.7 170.5 170.9 170.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981.3 2,015.6 2,025.6 2,030.5 84.1 89.0 91.1 91.5 255.3 263.9 263.6 262.2

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,932.9 1,957.2 1,970.0 1,978.9 129.9 136.6 140.5 140.6 135.7 138.1 138.4 139.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641.4 644.0 647.6 647.5 32.5 32.6 32.9 32.6 54.7 54.2 54.3 54.5

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,725.6 2,743.1 2,753.3 2,764.5 161.3 166.2 167.1 167.5 110.3 109.2 109.4 109.5

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,691.4 3,773.3 3,786.1 3,783.3 170.4 176.7 177.7 177.9 239.2 237.8 237.1 236.4

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,381.4 4,434.0 4,442.8 4,432.8 185.0 191.7 192.3 192.2 605.4 608.3 607.3 605.1

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,951.5 2,982.6 2,986.8 2,994.8 134.5 138.0 139.1 139.3 325.4 322.1 322.7 323.3

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,168.8 1,172.7 1,168.1 1,174.4 45.3 47.3 47.0 47.5 148.2 146.8 145.2 145.3

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,945.0 3,002.4 2,983.5 2,988.7 139.8 137.3 135.8 133.3 285.5 291.4 284.7 291.8

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515.2 516.1 519.8 518.2 37.2 37.6 37.4 37.0 22.2 23.0 23.3 23.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030.7 1,045.6 1,043.9 1,046.5 58.4 62.4 61.7 62.1 104.1 106.1 106.1 107.1

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,512.9 1,551.4 1,556.6 1,563.7 109.2 111.5 113.2 113.3 66.9 67.9 69.0 69.6

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690.7 698.5 699.0 701.6 30.2 31.3 31.4 31.4 70.6 71.3 71.5 72.1

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,282.4 4,329.9 4,339.7 4,347.4 164.6 168.1 166.9 165.3 252.5 252.6 253.3 254.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853.4 870.2 869.8 871.1 49.6 52.0 53.0 53.2 29.2 29.8 30.0 30.0

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,585.9 9,708.5 9,717.4 9,739.1 387.6 395.6 396.8 397.0 426.0 423.9 421.4 421.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,843.4 4,927.8 4,938.3 4,948.4 250.3 248.6 248.4 248.0 475.2 475.6 474.4 473.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430.3 436.4 436.8 439.1 26.1 25.3 24.9 24.7 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.5

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,555.6 5,636.2 5,639.7 5,648.1 233.7 244.0 244.9 246.4 686.6 689.9 688.0 690.1

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,712.2 1,731.0 1,732.9 1,737.5 79.1 82.2 82.6 84.6 134.4 136.4 136.6 136.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,966.0 2,002.1 2,001.4 2,009.5 117.3 124.3 122.7 125.9 195.5 192.6 192.8 193.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,022.9 6,148.7 6,163.3 6,171.6 257.9 264.4 265.8 266.5 567.7 567.5 568.2 568.1

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.1 493.5 494.2 495.6 21.0 21.9 21.7 22.3 40.7 40.2 40.1 40.1

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,268.8 2,306.8 2,304.9 2,308.3 109.9 110.8 111.7 111.2 263.0 262.4 261.4 261.4

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.2 460.1 463.3 467.3 26.2 26.9 27.3 27.4 45.3 46.1 46.1 45.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,275.2 3,323.5 3,320.5 3,329.2 149.8 153.2 152.3 154.9 369.8 371.1 370.5 370.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,613.6 13,962.4 13,988.0 14,049.4 795.3 810.6 813.4 815.2 938.1 962.7 965.3 973.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,694.8 1,727.2 1,728.5 1,726.0 133.4 134.2 134.7 136.2 152.4 152.1 151.3 151.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.5 306.3 306.2 307.1 15.4 15.3 15.4 15.6 29.2 28.3 28.1 28.1

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,106.7 4,150.1 4,157.8 4,157.7 211.5 213.5 214.0 210.2 246.1 245.9 245.3 244.8

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,556.5 3,635.1 3,637.6 3,645.5 237.1 237.8 237.7 236.6 271.9 274.4 276.5 276.2

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694.8 703.6 705.5 706.7 30.2 32.3 33.3 33.0 46.2 45.7 45.5 45.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,983.3 3,006.7 3,009.5 3,017.8 132.6 134.5 135.8 136.4 483.9 481.4 480.4 480.9

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.2 291.5 293.0 293.0 20.8 22.7 23.3 23.1 10.1 10.6 10.5 10.6

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931.7 947.4 950.7 952.7 33.1 36.5 36.8 37.0 82.7 84.0 84.2 84.1

Virgin Islands2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 35.5 35.6 35.5 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 – – – –

1

Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.

2 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

3 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.0 408.8 410.1 410.6 101.9 102.3 102.7 104.3 266.7 271.2 268.5 266.6

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 64.6 64.8 64.3 11.1 11.5 11.4 11.4 27.6 28.3 28.4 28.2

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.4 602.3 602.4 604.4 249.0 252.0 252.9 253.1 475.1 472.4 475.5 476.1

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.2 273.6 271.9 270.7 71.5 70.9 70.7 70.2 156.3 151.4 153.5 154.3

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152.2 3,143.7 3,146.5 3,148.9 840.1 849.7 848.2 846.6 2,897.1 2,902.7 2,895.4 2,884.5

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.4 496.7 496.1 496.6 178.7 171.6 171.5 170.6 488.6 493.9 495.3 497.6

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.6 299.8 300.1 298.9 118.3 114.9 114.7 114.6 222.0 223.7 223.8 223.5

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.2 91.6 90.7 90.4 49.2 49.9 50.0 50.3 67.4 65.8 66.6 68.8

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6 30.5 30.3 30.3 27.7 28.5 28.4 28.3 176.0 174.7 174.9 176.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949.7 1,988.4 1,995.8 2,000.3 673.6 681.9 684.8 687.4 1,615.9 1,639.3 1,633.7 1,644.3

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036.5 1,029.7 1,025.5 1,024.3 276.4 282.8 284.0 284.6 790.1 765.2 769.4 775.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.7 117.0 116.8 115.5 28.0 27.0 27.0 27.1 72.1 72.3 71.7 72.0

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.9 162.3 162.5 163.4 41.1 41.3 41.1 42.1 108.6 111.5 112.0 111.9

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,227.2 1,222.6 1,222.5 1,225.9 404.7 415.6 415.6 416.1 984.4 969.3 966.3 964.1

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633.4 634.7 633.2 638.8 148.7 153.6 152.4 153.1 375.4 380.4 379.7 377.7

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.7 313.2 311.1 310.8 108.1 107.8 107.0 106.2 146.7 140.1 139.5 138.5

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.6 273.5 274.0 274.8 75.8 76.1 75.8 75.6 183.1 184.1 181.9 183.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.8 430.0 431.3 434.5 97.0 93.1 93.3 93.2 231.6 232.7 233.2 235.3

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.7 370.0 373.1 373.1 90.5 94.5 94.4 94.6 221.1 222.5 224.1 225.4

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.7 119.0 119.2 119.9 34.0 33.8 33.6 33.5 76.3 76.4 77.2 77.3

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480.7 471.7 471.2 471.4 134.9 134.0 133.1 133.5 480.4 471.6 475.2 476.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566.7 575.1 574.7 576.3 228.1 232.7 233.9 233.1 640.9 655.9 655.1 658.3

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.6 811.5 812.5 815.0 232.1 229.5 228.5 228.7 659.4 660.6 661.7 661.1

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528.3 534.7 533.9 535.8 192.4 189.3 188.5 187.9 391.7 386.8 384.8 381.2

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.0 244.8 242.6 245.4 44.3 43.7 43.4 43.4 119.2 113.6 112.7 113.1

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559.6 567.8 559.8 560.7 186.0 188.4 187.2 187.0 388.3 395.9 393.9 393.0

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.6 99.6 99.5 100.5 28.4 28.4 28.3 28.5 50.8 50.8 50.9 51.1

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.3 198.5 198.9 199.8 71.2 70.2 69.7 69.7 123.9 118.8 118.2 117.6

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.0 295.2 295.7 295.2 76.9 75.9 76.0 76.1 215.6 223.3 224.5 229.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.6 140.2 139.9 141.1 34.5 33.9 34.2 34.4 97.2 102.6 102.4 103.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917.8 921.9 920.5 920.5 262.1 259.3 259.5 259.3 729.8 713.9 714.5 713.7

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.3 141.6 142.2 141.7 35.0 34.8 34.6 34.0 117.7 114.3 113.6 112.6

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,486.9 1,465.5 1,464.0 1,459.0 738.0 738.6 740.7 737.7 1,382.2 1,382.8 1,379.5 1,388.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928.3 933.3 936.6 940.0 296.5 298.9 297.8 296.7 749.1 759.3 759.7 763.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 92.2 91.8 92.1 24.5 24.3 24.1 24.1 34.8 35.6 35.5 35.8

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062.1 1,054.2 1,055.4 1,061.0 319.2 317.1 316.9 317.9 748.5 735.7 736.0 732.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.6 322.1 322.8 322.1 81.3 82.7 82.5 82.3 206.9 201.8 201.3 202.0

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.3 364.7 362.8 363.4 105.6 108.8 107.9 108.0 267.7 271.5 273.4 275.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,148.5 1,160.7 1,161.6 1,163.8 336.0 340.2 339.7 340.2 851.7 870.8 871.1 873.5

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 75.7 75.9 75.4 35.3 35.2 35.2 35.2 70.1 67.9 67.2 66.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437.1 444.2 444.5 444.0 119.4 122.5 121.3 121.5 313.7 314.6 313.1 313.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.8 92.5 92.5 92.8 28.0 27.7 27.7 28.0 37.4 37.3 38.5 39.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.2 681.7 681.7 683.4 177.5 175.2 175.8 175.2 468.8 473.0 471.3 470.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,739.7 2,784.8 2,785.3 2,800.5 889.9 919.3 923.4 927.0 2,107.0 2,134.1 2,126.4 2,141.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.2 313.5 312.7 312.9 97.9 97.7 98.8 97.9 250.5 248.5 251.2 249.7

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6 52.6 52.3 52.1 12.0 12.0 12.1 12.1 32.0 32.7 32.4 32.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669.7 666.0 667.7 667.4 218.5 216.3 217.3 217.7 811.7 813.7 814.8 818.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.0 617.5 618.0 620.0 166.5 171.1 171.0 171.3 548.5 555.5 554.7 558.6

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2 122.3 122.0 122.1 25.5 25.6 26.1 25.7 72.3 71.7 72.1 73.2

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.3 553.8 552.7 552.6 159.1 161.3 161.0 161.6 330.6 326.8 328.8 331.0

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5 51.4 51.8 52.4 11.5 11.3 11.4 11.5 20.6 20.9 21.5 21.4

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.3 186.6 186.3 187.0 46.8 46.9 46.8 46.9 141.0 140.1 140.3 140.4

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 7.0 6.9 6.9 – – – – – – – –

1 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.7 256.5 257.2 258.5 199.0 205.0 205.1 204.4 394.1 401.4 400.5 400.8

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 51.3 51.8 52.1 34.4 37.8 38.1 36.7 77.5 78.2 78.1 78.3

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.9 502.4 503.8 508.4 333.9 346.1 346.5 347.7 409.8 429.0 427.9 429.0

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.0 207.9 208.9 209.2 124.1 132.3 133.4 132.7 208.2 209.5 209.8 209.9

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,959.3 3,100.0 3,111.5 3,129.7 1,956.5 2,054.0 2,054.8 2,066.1 2,533.6 2,584.1 2,585.6 2,585.9

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.6 356.4 357.8 358.5 340.1 358.9 362.2 362.4 455.6 471.4 472.5 474.6

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.7 354.0 355.3 356.0 150.6 155.9 155.5 155.9 227.2 230.9 229.6 232.1

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.3 81.1 80.7 81.1 49.2 52.8 53.0 54.2 67.4 69.0 69.1 68.5

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.0 123.9 124.5 124.2 69.7 76.2 76.0 76.4 236.2 234.4 234.7 234.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,419.9 1,484.9 1,494.7 1,500.6 1,267.9 1,303.2 1,300.5 1,294.7 1,094.1 1,116.4 1,117.4 1,120.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.7 663.7 666.8 670.1 493.9 526.0 526.3 529.6 678.7 696.2 699.1 700.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 87.5 87.8 88.3 114.7 119.3 119.5 118.7 123.0 126.7 122.5 123.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.0 128.5 130.3 130.0 88.5 92.1 91.8 92.4 128.1 132.1 133.7 135.9

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940.0 971.6 975.8 976.9 572.1 596.3 597.3 599.4 791.1 818.8 819.4 821.0

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480.7 491.0 489.8 489.5 306.2 315.7 315.3 318.3 413.9 422.0 423.7 423.1

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228.1 236.3 238.2 238.1 137.0 141.3 142.6 141.5 258.2 261.6 261.0 260.8

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.5 208.2 209.5 208.8 129.7 132.8 132.6 133.6 251.1 257.8 257.1 257.3

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.7 303.2 304.8 305.1 198.1 199.9 201.3 202.3 299.8 304.1 307.2 306.4

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.3 335.3 336.7 341.8 213.1 217.6 217.2 217.5 312.2 315.9 317.8 318.3

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.5 130.1 130.0 130.2 65.8 65.1 67.2 66.4 99.8 100.9 100.9 100.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449.4 458.9 461.6 466.2 247.7 256.5 257.6 259.4 516.7 529.1 532.0 534.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811.9 835.2 839.5 843.2 342.7 358.9 360.6 361.8 455.6 465.1 469.7 458.9

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663.8 680.5 682.6 680.2 405.6 416.3 417.2 408.9 592.2 612.6 615.1 616.2

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.0 566.1 569.3 575.3 257.9 265.8 267.8 270.2 409.8 418.9 420.0 421.8

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.2 154.8 154.9 156.3 133.5 131.7 132.8 132.8 232.6 235.3 234.8 234.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.8 503.5 504.8 506.5 300.3 314.3 312.7 310.8 425.3 431.9 433.4 433.9

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.9 84.3 84.5 84.1 71.6 71.3 73.0 71.9 90.2 88.7 90.3 89.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.3 160.4 161.5 162.6 93.1 96.6 95.9 95.4 170.3 173.0 172.8 173.4

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.5 168.3 169.5 169.7 344.4 359.4 361.3 362.9 167.1 174.0 171.1 173.6

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.4 125.7 126.4 125.5 71.2 69.4 69.0 69.7 86.6 87.6 87.3 87.5

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739.2 780.0 783.6 791.2 386.6 396.5 397.4 397.4 584.2 590.3 594.1 595.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.0 147.4 147.2 147.8 95.9 99.8 100.4 102.0 179.1 187.4 185.8 186.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,165.5 2,246.8 2,259.1 2,268.0 882.3 923.2 924.8 920.6 1,434.9 1,460.7 1,463.1 1,477.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.8 682.9 686.9 691.8 507.3 534.4 536.8 535.2 717.2 731.7 733.8 734.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.1 68.4 69.1 39.2 40.7 40.7 41.0 81.2 81.6 83.5 84.3

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908.8 943.5 945.5 950.9 543.1 574.5 578.1 579.1 767.7 781.9 778.0 775.4

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.3 251.6 250.7 250.7 175.5 182.0 182.6 182.9 349.3 354.9 357.6 360.9

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.7 316.3 316.7 316.4 200.1 207.9 209.5 210.4 299.6 307.0 307.3 308.0

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,273.0 1,313.7 1,321.8 1,327.9 541.4 566.9 570.1 565.4 677.6 688.4 688.3 686.8

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6 106.5 107.4 107.9 57.6 55.2 55.5 56.4 63.9 64.3 64.8 64.5

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.5 281.0 282.4 285.5 267.3 276.0 275.4 275.6 369.0 375.2 375.6 376.0

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 77.0 77.7 79.0 48.6 47.7 47.7 48.7 79.9 80.6 81.4 82.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456.1 469.2 469.8 471.7 347.7 359.3 359.0 361.3 437.9 449.5 449.3 450.0

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,817.9 1,901.2 1,898.1 1,911.9 1,427.2 1,466.4 1,472.3 1,476.3 2,002.9 2,047.5 2,064.0 2,065.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.1 235.2 234.5 233.5 165.2 179.2 177.2 174.5 255.7 261.5 262.5 263.5

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 61.2 61.3 61.6 32.6 33.4 33.9 34.6 54.3 56.2 56.0 56.1

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561.3 577.4 579.7 583.6 397.7 406.3 406.5 407.9 720.8 737.2 739.2 735.6

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.8 548.3 547.3 550.9 330.4 350.5 350.9 350.8 568.3 580.7 582.4 583.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.4 130.7 130.8 131.1 69.4 70.6 69.5 68.9 148.8 149.4 150.2 151.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.1 472.2 474.9 476.1 269.3 277.4 275.9 276.1 397.4 401.4 401.5 404.0

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 30.5 30.5 30.6 37.7 38.6 38.4 38.5 67.4 67.9 68.1 68.3

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.4 125.2 125.8 126.1 87.4 93.8 94.4 95.6 197.8 197.4 199.4 198.9

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 10.8 11.1 11.1 11.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total Mining and logging Construction

August September August September August September

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,111.7 2,150.6 2,121.9 2,158.3 9.2 8.4 9.2 8.4 99.2 101.5 100.0 102.0

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339.3 343.5 329.4 335.0 11.3 11.0 11.2 10.8 18.8 19.5 17.9 18.2

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,087.9 3,144.7 3,108.3 3,175.6 13.0 14.3 12.9 14.2 196.6 203.1 197.3 201.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,329.4 1,358.4 1,347.2 1,366.6 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0 59.0 64.7 59.8 66.1

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,706.0 18,037.3 17,742.9 18,079.5 20.2 20.4 20.2 20.1 928.7 945.7 925.6 944.4

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,887.4 2,928.8 2,868.8 2,915.5 21.0 22.6 20.9 22.4 188.0 186.3 186.7 182.9

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,660.3 1,684.9 1,676.9 1,703.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 63.3 64.6 62.8 62.7

Delaware1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476.5 486.6 475.7 487.6 – – – – 23.9 25.4 23.7 24.9

District of Columbia1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.1 773.2 767.6 780.0 – – – – 15.4 15.9 15.5 15.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,443.9 9,732.5 9,480.7 9,762.0 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.8 605.9 612.1 607.9 615.5

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,818.9 4,915.9 4,825.7 4,929.8 9.8 10.0 9.7 10.0 213.9 224.3 215.5 224.4

Hawaii1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.6 625.8 621.2 628.8 – – – – 37.4 37.7 37.5 38.0

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835.5 861.9 837.9 864.7 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 69.8 73.9 68.8 71.9

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,076.0 6,156.8 6,089.5 6,185.5 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.0 246.7 251.5 245.2 249.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,221.4 3,273.9 3,221.0 3,284.5 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.9 162.5 170.9 162.6 169.4

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,564.5 1,581.1 1,574.8 1,588.9 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 87.1 87.9 85.6 87.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,416.2 1,435.5 1,426.5 1,451.3 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.4 66.8 69.2 66.2 69.0

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,971.4 2,026.3 1,985.6 2,036.2 8.4 8.7 8.4 8.8 85.4 93.9 86.0 95.1

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,921.3 1,960.6 1,927.1 1,974.1 31.7 33.6 31.7 33.2 129.0 139.1 129.7 139.9

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.6 665.8 650.4 658.5 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 34.1 35.0 33.6 34.0

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,726.7 2,755.6 2,726.2 2,766.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 164.1 169.7 162.8 169.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,711.5 3,811.8 3,701.6 3,792.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 176.4 186.2 174.9 183.1

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,388.6 4,454.5 4,396.3 4,452.2 7.6 7.9 7.5 7.8 195.3 202.5 193.4 199.1

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,963.6 3,008.4 2,955.6 3,005.4 6.5 6.7 6.5 6.6 148.9 154.2 144.3 151.7

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,163.1 1,164.1 1,172.6 1,173.9 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 45.6 46.8 45.7 47.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927.6 2,977.7 2,947.5 2,992.2 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.8 143.2 140.1 142.1 136.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.0 527.0 518.2 522.6 6.8 7.1 6.9 7.0 39.3 40.1 38.5 38.6

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,028.1 1,042.2 1,031.5 1,046.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 60.9 64.1 60.0 62.8

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496.1 1,554.9 1,514.5 1,566.2 15.3 15.3 15.2 15.2 108.7 115.5 110.3 114.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690.5 703.2 693.5 704.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 31.2 32.6 31.1 32.1

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,267.7 4,360.3 4,277.0 4,359.3 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 169.2 173.6 168.1 170.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851.2 869.8 856.3 871.6 21.6 24.2 21.9 24.8 49.9 53.6 49.8 53.0

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,576.3 9,712.5 9,557.2 9,713.6 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.6 402.0 409.2 400.0 406.1

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,820.9 4,927.8 4,829.8 4,938.8 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 250.0 250.5 249.6 249.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.0 437.1 434.6 443.6 17.2 19.7 17.3 19.8 29.5 28.0 29.2 27.2

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,566.3 5,663.4 5,550.4 5,660.1 9.0 9.7 8.9 9.7 243.6 256.2 242.1 255.1

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,692.4 1,723.1 1,718.2 1,740.0 31.2 32.3 31.3 31.7 79.9 83.5 80.1 85.8

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955.1 1,998.8 1,962.2 2,009.4 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.6 120.3 128.8 119.4 129.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,979.4 6,150.2 6,036.2 6,181.9 22.8 23.7 23.0 23.6 269.2 277.9 267.1 275.3

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.3 499.6 502.7 501.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 21.9 22.7 21.7 23.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,256.2 2,307.6 2,262.7 2,309.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 109.7 112.4 109.7 110.1

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459.5 469.9 458.5 471.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 28.5 30.0 27.8 29.3

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,250.6 3,303.6 3,284.4 3,337.8 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 149.5 152.5 150.8 156.0

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,528.8 13,914.8 13,583.2 14,004.8 204.6 223.1 206.2 225.4 791.7 814.9 796.1 817.5

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,683.7 1,725.9 1,694.9 1,730.1 10.1 10.6 10.2 10.4 135.3 137.7 134.3 138.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.4 305.9 304.1 307.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 16.5 16.6 16.1 16.6

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,094.5 4,149.6 4,105.1 4,156.4 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.1 212.7 216.5 212.8 212.1

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,567.5 3,652.6 3,570.4 3,652.9 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 241.5 244.4 241.8 240.9

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693.1 705.3 698.6 710.4 20.2 22.4 20.2 22.2 32.8 34.0 33.0 34.2

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,996.7 3,029.9 2,992.7 3,030.1 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 140.2 144.3 138.5 142.3

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290.2 298.7 290.8 297.8 16.6 17.3 16.7 16.8 22.5 24.9 22.4 24.4

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.1 944.7 927.6 950.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 31.9 36.6 33.0 36.8

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 35.4 34.7 35.2 – – – – 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1

1 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information

August September August September August September

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.3 277.9 276.4 276.7 400.5 408.1 401.7 409.4 23.1 22.8 22.9 22.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 15.4 11.9 12.9 68.4 68.1 66.3 65.6 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.9

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.9 193.8 195.0 194.8 596.1 596.4 596.8 598.7 51.8 49.7 51.0 47.7

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.5 164.1 163.8 161.9 269.6 270.0 270.6 267.9 12.8 11.9 12.8 11.4

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,357.5 1,352.1 1,353.6 1,341.9 3,129.8 3,133.2 3,120.8 3,134.5 619.7 582.1 606.2 571.2

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.4 155.2 153.2 155.3 498.6 492.6 493.8 490.1 78.3 76.6 77.7 76.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.8 158.1 157.8 158.2 293.6 295.6 295.3 298.6 31.6 31.4 31.1 31.7

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 27.6 26.4 27.6 89.8 90.1 90.3 89.6 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.5

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 30.5 30.1 30.5 30.1 21.1 21.3 20.8 21.3

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.3 424.3 412.7 420.2 1,918.4 1,978.0 1,920.8 1,977.7 158.1 156.4 157.0 154.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.8 419.7 418.2 418.3 1,024.0 1,016.9 1,025.4 1,017.0 126.7 127.4 125.9 127.9

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 12.8 12.7 13.0 115.9 116.1 115.1 114.5 8.4 9.0 8.5 9.0

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 71.9 74.1 72.6 161.9 163.2 161.3 163.1 9.4 9.7 9.3 9.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.1 566.5 572.1 566.7 1,221.9 1,217.8 1,215.5 1,220.2 97.8 92.6 95.6 91.4

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.6 542.6 542.1 539.2 630.4 632.4 626.5 634.6 27.2 26.2 26.7 26.2

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.8 227.6 224.5 226.8 309.8 309.7 308.9 307.6 19.3 20.0 19.0 20.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.4 171.1 170.2 170.7 272.5 273.0 271.9 273.6 18.3 19.0 18.2 18.6

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.5 262.9 254.3 261.8 421.9 428.6 423.8 431.2 22.0 22.1 21.7 22.1

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.1 138.4 135.3 138.3 374.1 371.3 373.4 370.9 23.7 23.9 22.0 23.4

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 54.9 54.9 54.5 121.5 121.8 119.3 120.3 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.7

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.0 110.2 110.2 109.3 476.1 468.9 474.1 467.8 35.8 34.5 35.3 34.3

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240.1 238.5 238.4 236.5 567.3 574.4 561.7 572.9 99.2 97.4 98.0 97.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.8 611.9 604.3 606.4 806.5 816.3 800.9 809.9 57.0 56.7 56.5 56.8

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.5 327.7 326.1 324.4 527.0 534.0 522.7 534.4 45.9 45.8 45.3 45.6

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.1 145.2 147.5 144.9 242.9 240.9 244.6 243.8 10.4 10.3 10.3 10.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.9 285.8 285.0 290.7 555.2 556.5 554.1 556.3 48.8 47.8 49.1 46.9

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 23.3 22.2 23.2 100.4 99.6 99.8 100.2 6.0 5.5 5.9 5.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.1 106.6 104.1 107.0 195.6 197.5 194.2 197.8 18.1 18.2 18.0 18.2

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 69.4 66.7 69.6 291.1 293.9 291.7 293.7 18.5 18.6 18.6 18.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.7 72.0 70.4 72.0 139.6 140.6 138.0 139.7 12.0 11.6 11.8 11.4

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.6 254.9 251.7 254.7 911.4 916.8 908.9 915.5 78.4 78.8 77.0 78.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 30.5 29.5 30.3 142.8 141.7 142.4 141.1 11.3 10.7 11.2 10.2

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.0 424.9 424.9 421.9 1,474.8 1,446.7 1,479.5 1,451.4 299.8 268.8 296.4 272.1

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.4 475.2 475.1 471.9 918.5 933.1 917.9 933.8 83.4 84.2 82.9 84.6

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 27.8 27.7 27.8 90.5 92.1 90.6 91.6 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.6

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.6 688.6 682.9 686.6 1,054.1 1,051.2 1,049.6 1,052.3 70.1 67.8 69.6 67.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.6 136.5 134.4 136.1 319.5 320.2 321.2 320.1 18.1 17.4 17.8 17.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.7 195.5 196.3 194.3 367.8 361.9 366.5 361.6 37.1 37.3 36.8 36.9

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.2 568.6 565.3 567.0 1,131.8 1,146.6 1,135.8 1,156.5 95.2 96.8 94.3 97.1

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 40.2 40.5 40.1 76.6 75.6 77.2 74.9 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.5

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.5 262.2 262.8 262.1 433.3 443.6 432.7 441.4 31.0 31.9 30.9 31.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 46.2 45.0 45.6 90.2 93.3 89.0 91.8 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.1 369.5 368.6 369.8 673.9 675.1 674.7 679.1 56.0 55.6 55.5 55.8

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935.4 965.5 936.6 972.1 2,713.0 2,765.6 2,718.3 2,778.9 234.7 240.4 233.9 239.7

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.7 152.4 151.9 150.9 313.6 311.9 312.4 310.4 45.6 47.4 45.4 48.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 28.3 29.1 28.2 51.7 52.3 51.0 51.3 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.8 245.8 245.7 245.5 666.3 665.5 662.3 661.9 71.0 72.3 70.2 71.3

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.7 280.4 274.2 279.2 616.5 619.6 614.1 619.0 176.8 166.4 175.0 167.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 45.7 46.3 45.5 121.2 121.3 121.8 121.4 7.8 8.0 7.7 7.6

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.5 483.6 482.8 478.7 551.3 556.4 547.9 550.9 47.2 44.1 47.0 43.7

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 10.6 10.3 10.6 52.9 52.4 52.3 52.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.9 84.0 82.9 84.0 180.5 185.2 181.7 185.0 16.3 16.7 16.5 16.7

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services

August September August September August September

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 103.0 102.1 104.9 262.4 267.8 264.9 267.0 249.6 255.7 251.2 259.6

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 11.7 11.2 11.4 28.9 29.9 28.0 28.7 50.2 51.7 49.9 51.8

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.7 252.9 247.7 253.3 470.9 473.3 471.8 475.7 482.8 500.8 487.7 510.2

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 70.9 71.2 70.4 153.7 153.3 154.3 154.0 199.2 206.7 202.1 210.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842.8 849.5 835.4 842.0 2,889.0 2,900.6 2,888.0 2,885.9 2,923.3 3,081.8 2,948.8 3,113.1

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.2 172.0 176.8 169.6 494.2 500.9 488.7 499.6 352.3 357.2 350.7 358.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.0 115.1 118.0 114.3 223.4 226.1 222.2 224.7 334.8 349.6 345.4 356.8

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 50.1 49.1 50.1 67.1 66.9 66.8 68.3 78.6 80.4 78.9 81.3

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 28.6 27.8 28.3 175.2 175.4 175.3 175.9 119.3 121.7 123.0 124.5

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670.4 685.4 669.6 688.3 1,601.1 1,631.4 1,599.0 1,639.3 1,395.0 1,486.0 1,413.5 1,504.1

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.7 283.3 275.3 282.9 780.9 768.4 780.1 775.6 631.3 663.2 636.1 667.3

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 27.0 27.8 27.1 71.8 71.7 71.3 72.1 85.1 87.4 86.4 88.7

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 41.3 41.0 41.8 110.6 114.7 109.2 112.5 119.3 127.1 122.3 129.7

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408.0 418.2 403.9 415.8 988.4 974.9 983.3 971.0 923.8 963.5 937.1 974.4

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.3 153.3 148.4 152.9 375.4 383.7 374.1 379.5 475.9 488.1 479.3 491.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.0 107.4 107.6 105.5 148.6 141.3 145.8 138.2 219.6 231.8 225.8 238.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 76.2 75.5 75.5 184.4 182.5 182.3 183.1 201.3 208.9 200.9 207.5

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.3 93.8 96.8 93.3 230.2 232.7 231.1 234.3 288.6 304.1 292.3 305.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 94.9 90.4 94.5 220.8 223.3 220.7 224.4 326.0 336.1 326.6 340.3

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.0 34.1 33.4 77.2 79.1 76.4 78.0 123.9 128.2 126.9 130.6

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.7 134.3 134.4 134.1 485.8 479.7 479.3 477.8 445.4 455.3 448.0 463.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.2 236.4 227.5 232.8 645.4 663.6 637.9 656.5 798.5 828.1 811.3 843.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.3 231.3 231.6 228.7 652.3 654.4 657.6 658.9 659.2 677.0 661.3 678.6

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.2 190.2 191.5 187.2 393.6 390.6 391.2 381.7 545.3 564.5 551.9 574.8

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 43.6 44.2 43.5 117.5 111.8 118.5 112.4 144.9 153.8 146.1 156.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.7 187.9 185.7 187.0 386.8 395.1 387.0 391.6 485.7 498.8 490.8 506.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 28.4 28.3 28.5 52.1 52.4 50.7 51.2 80.9 83.7 81.4 83.8

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 70.0 71.1 69.5 124.4 118.8 123.2 117.9 155.7 160.1 157.3 161.9

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 76.4 76.6 76.0 212.4 224.2 215.6 229.4 158.6 169.1 160.0 170.1

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 34.6 34.4 34.4 98.5 103.6 97.5 102.9 117.6 124.1 123.4 124.9

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.5 261.7 261.5 259.4 729.3 724.0 727.9 719.2 717.4 772.6 737.3 787.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 34.8 34.7 33.9 116.8 113.7 117.7 112.1 139.7 146.0 142.7 148.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748.8 749.3 736.1 736.7 1,390.4 1,386.4 1,380.1 1,384.7 2,078.2 2,203.4 2,129.2 2,249.5

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.1 301.5 296.1 297.1 745.0 762.8 742.9 763.4 655.1 683.9 657.4 688.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 24.2 24.5 24.0 35.5 36.7 35.1 36.1 67.2 68.1 67.9 68.9

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.1 318.0 318.4 316.1 754.5 747.4 748.4 736.3 904.5 937.8 908.0 954.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 82.7 81.3 81.9 205.6 202.9 208.1 203.8 243.4 249.8 245.7 251.0

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.8 108.7 105.7 108.1 267.3 273.4 266.7 276.2 300.5 314.1 305.4 316.2

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.0 342.5 335.6 340.5 844.4 875.8 849.1 873.0 1,238.5 1,293.2 1,276.6 1,327.0

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 35.6 35.3 35.5 71.4 68.1 70.1 67.4 101.7 104.5 105.3 107.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.3 121.9 118.8 121.9 310.1 311.1 311.2 314.2 267.6 280.9 270.0 285.8

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 27.8 28.0 27.8 37.6 39.0 37.3 39.7 75.0 77.0 75.9 78.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.6 177.0 177.5 175.5 466.5 472.3 470.1 470.4 449.7 465.9 458.1 475.5

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890.5 924.8 890.0 924.8 2,109.1 2,129.6 2,102.4 2,140.5 1,814.6 1,895.3 1,822.9 1,911.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 99.5 97.0 97.8 251.5 254.7 250.2 250.8 220.1 227.8 225.9 233.6

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 12.2 12.0 12.1 32.6 32.8 32.2 32.0 59.2 59.9 61.7 61.6

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219.3 218.4 217.8 218.0 815.4 816.6 808.1 815.7 552.0 575.0 562.1 584.6

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.7 172.6 166.6 171.7 555.5 561.5 553.3 562.5 511.3 542.4 517.8 549.6

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 26.2 25.5 25.7 72.3 72.9 72.2 73.7 127.1 130.6 128.6 131.9

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.8 162.1 158.7 160.7 332.0 333.4 330.2 333.6 458.2 472.5 461.3 476.6

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 11.4 11.5 11.5 21.4 22.0 21.0 21.6 28.2 30.1 28.9 30.5

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 46.9 46.5 47.2 137.8 139.7 139.8 140.6 118.4 124.7 122.2 126.0

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Leisure and hospitality Other services Government

August September August September August September

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.5 207.9 198.9 203.0 99.5 101.9 100.2 102.0 388.9 395.6 394.4 402.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.8 45.4 38.4 39.8 11.6 11.4 11.2 11.4 74.0 74.4 78.6 79.5

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.9 342.9 332.9 344.9 95.3 95.2 95.9 95.7 405.9 422.3 419.3 438.6

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.2 137.5 125.1 133.1 71.7 75.1 71.7 74.4 197.9 199.2 210.6 212.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981.7 2,084.2 1,959.8 2,072.9 567.9 594.0 568.9 590.1 2,445.4 2,493.7 2,515.6 2,563.4

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.5 376.1 339.4 359.3 125.6 126.8 122.4 123.4 441.3 462.5 458.5 478.1

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.6 168.1 152.9 158.6 62.9 62.8 61.4 61.6 210.8 213.0 229.5 235.7

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 58.9 50.8 55.9 18.7 17.9 18.5 17.8 64.2 65.7 67.5 68.6

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.7 76.6 71.6 77.2 66.7 70.7 66.7 71.3 234.2 231.9 235.4 234.5

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248.0 1,293.3 1,243.2 1,271.6 344.2 351.8 343.3 350.1 1,084.8 1,108.0 1,108.0 1,135.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.5 532.3 491.4 527.6 164.9 173.5 165.0 174.7 678.4 696.9 683.1 704.1

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.9 121.5 114.8 116.4 26.4 27.3 26.5 27.1 116.2 115.3 120.6 122.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.7 97.2 90.9 93.5 28.4 29.9 27.9 28.8 121.6 128.6 128.8 136.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598.9 626.6 580.2 606.2 250.8 253.6 248.2 252.5 758.4 784.5 801.2 830.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.6 323.2 308.0 321.2 128.3 133.9 127.2 132.1 407.5 413.6 420.3 432.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.7 151.3 139.4 143.6 56.4 56.4 55.6 56.7 242.9 245.3 260.3 262.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.6 135.7 130.4 134.5 50.5 49.6 50.5 51.1 237.7 243.8 254.1 261.3

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.7 207.6 200.2 203.3 66.9 69.4 66.8 69.2 293.5 302.5 304.2 311.3

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.1 218.3 213.7 216.7 71.5 70.7 71.4 72.0 304.8 311.0 312.2 320.5

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 86.6 71.9 73.5 22.7 22.6 22.1 22.2 92.0 93.3 101.2 102.1

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.5 274.8 255.0 263.4 108.1 112.2 107.3 111.1 495.8 514.6 518.5 534.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381.9 403.8 357.5 370.5 142.9 146.4 134.0 137.1 427.6 435.9 459.4 461.7

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.3 451.0 414.9 418.0 167.3 165.2 164.6 162.3 564.0 580.3 603.7 625.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278.6 289.2 263.8 274.8 109.6 110.4 107.2 107.4 384.5 395.1 405.1 416.8

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.3 134.6 134.4 132.1 39.0 38.5 39.1 39.4 229.9 232.5 236.1 237.0

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.5 327.9 306.0 314.3 115.0 120.3 114.2 119.6 403.3 412.8 429.0 437.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 80.7 73.5 74.4 19.8 21.0 19.6 20.6 84.9 85.2 91.4 89.8

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.0 100.3 94.6 96.7 37.4 40.1 37.1 39.4 163.3 165.5 170.9 174.4

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.8 365.6 346.5 365.2 43.5 42.8 43.7 40.9 160.1 164.1 169.6 173.5

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 80.0 73.2 71.8 25.4 24.9 24.6 24.5 77.2 78.2 88.1 89.4

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.2 443.6 395.2 408.3 168.6 172.9 165.9 170.0 550.4 559.6 581.8 594.4

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.5 103.3 96.5 101.5 29.6 28.8 28.3 28.2 176.4 182.5 181.6 188.4

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931.3 985.1 900.7 937.4 384.2 398.6 383.3 389.9 1,434.1 1,434.5 1,421.3 1,458.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526.0 553.3 507.4 536.0 170.4 173.8 169.0 173.2 693.4 703.9 726.0 735.8

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 41.9 39.9 42.0 14.9 15.4 14.9 15.4 75.5 77.6 81.8 85.2

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572.3 611.5 550.0 587.1 209.0 222.1 206.5 216.7 742.5 753.1 766.0 778.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.0 186.4 178.0 183.0 67.5 67.3 67.6 66.6 335.0 344.1 352.7 362.7

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.6 220.0 204.7 213.4 63.0 64.9 62.4 65.4 278.4 287.5 291.8 301.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576.7 605.5 550.8 572.5 254.0 263.0 251.4 257.5 640.6 656.6 687.2 691.9

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 64.6 60.5 60.1 22.4 21.2 21.5 21.2 61.4 61.3 64.7 65.4

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.2 287.8 269.1 277.4 82.7 83.8 82.5 83.5 358.3 367.4 370.5 377.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 54.5 50.3 50.6 18.2 18.1 17.8 18.0 75.8 77.5 80.9 83.0

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.9 366.2 353.2 362.7 127.0 131.1 126.7 131.1 421.9 434.0 444.7 457.5

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445.3 1,483.1 1,426.5 1,469.6 455.2 479.9 453.1 472.0 1,934.7 1,992.6 1,997.2 2,053.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.0 183.2 165.5 175.2 44.5 48.4 43.9 48.3 244.2 252.3 258.2 266.3

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 36.9 32.3 34.3 10.2 9.7 9.9 9.6 49.7 51.9 54.4 56.7

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.8 422.9 401.3 407.2 193.0 195.3 191.0 192.7 697.0 714.2 726.6 740.3

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.0 363.5 337.5 355.6 122.0 130.3 120.9 126.2 552.8 565.7 563.4 574.6

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 72.7 70.1 69.7 24.1 25.9 23.7 25.9 143.5 145.6 149.5 152.6

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290.9 302.3 276.0 281.4 147.9 152.2 146.6 151.5 375.9 375.1 399.9 406.8

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 43.7 40.3 40.8 16.1 17.7 16.1 17.0 64.7 65.5 68.2 69.2

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.6 94.3 87.6 95.4 18.4 19.2 18.7 19.3 195.2 196.7 198.1 198.9

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 10.8 11.0 10.7 10.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
TEXAS

N.M.

CALIF.

NEV.

MONT.

ARIZ.

ORE.

S.D.

WYO.

KAN. MO.

N.D.

COLO.

NEB.

GA.

UTAH ILL.

MINN.

LA.

PA.

IDAHO

FLA.

N.Y.

KY.

WIS.

N.C.

VA.

OKLA.

ALA.

ARK.

IOWA

WASH.

IND.

MISS.

OHIO

S.C.

MICH.

TENN.

MAINE

W.VA.

VT.

MD.

N.H.

Map 1. Unemployment rates by state, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2023

(U.S. rate = 3.8 percent)

HAWAII

ALASKA

D.C.

!

MASS.

! CONN.

!

R.I.

!

DEL.

!

N.J.

4.0% or higher

3.5% to 3.9%

3.0% to 3.4%

2.5% to 2.9%

2.4% or lower
WASH.

ORE.

CALIF.

IDAHO

NEV.

ARIZ.

MONT.

WYO.

COLO.

N.M.

N.D.

S.D.

NEB.

KAN.

OKLA.

TEXAS

MINN.

IOWA

MO.

ARK.

LA.

WIS.

ILL.

MICH.

IND. OHIO

KY.

TENN.

MISS. ALA. GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA. W.VA.

PA.

N.Y.

MAINE

N.H.

VT.

MASS.

R.I.

N.J.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

MD. UTAH

ALASKA

HAWAII

D.C.

3.0% and above

2.0% to 2.9%

1.0% to 1.9%

0.0% to 0.9%

Below 0.0%

Map 2. Percentage change in nonfarm employment by state,

seasonally adjusted, September 2022 - September 2023