News

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

United States 

Department 

of Labor 

Technical information: 

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-0928 

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ 

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release 

http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Thursday, July 3, 2008. 

(NOTE: This release was reissued on Thursday, July 10, 2008, to correct minor errors 

in a small number of May and June estimates from the household survey. The corrected 

estimates appear in tables A, A-1, A-2, A-3, A-5, A-6, A-7, A-10, and A-13 and are designated by a "c." The corrections were so small that the changes to the previously published 

estimates only affected rounding of the last digit displayed for several estimates of levels; no 

published rates were affected. 

In addition, see page 6 for corrected May data for tables A-10 and A-13 that were published in USDL 08-0757, “THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MAY 2008.” The corrections did not affect the analysis in the release or any of the establishment survey data shown 

in the B tables of the release.) 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JUNE 2008 

Nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down in June (-62,000), while the unemployment 

rate held at 5.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. 

Employment continued to fall in construction, manufacturing, and employment services, while health 

care and mining added jobs. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent, over the month. 

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

July 2005 – June 2008

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

July 2005 – June 2008

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2006 2007 2008

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

2006 2007 2008
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 153,661 154,294 153,957 154,534 154,390 -144

Employment ..................................... 146,070 146,089 146,331 146,046 145,891 -155

Unemployment .................................. 7,591 8,204 7,626 8,487 8,499 12

Not in labor force .................................. 79,146 79,117 79,241 c 78,871 79,237 c 366

All workers ......................................... 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.5 0.0

Adult men ........................................ 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.9 5.1 .2

Adult women .................................. 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7 -.1

Teenagers ........................................ 16.8 17.4 15.4 18.7 18.1 -.6

White ............................................... 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.9 .0

Black or African American 

................... 8.8 9.1 8.6 9.7 9.2 -.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................. 6.5 7.2 6.9 6.9 7.7 .8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 137,917 p 137,702 137,764 p 137,702 p 137,640 p -62

Goods-producing 1.............................. 21,820 p 21,569 21,628 p 21,574 p 21,505 p -69

Construction .................................... 7,384 p 7,245 7,284 p 7,247 p 7,204 p -43

Manufacturing ............................... 13,690 p 13,566 13,592 p 13,570 p 13,537 p -33

Service-providing 1 ............................. 116,097 p 116,133 116,136 p 116,128 p 116,135 p 7

 Retail trade 2 ................................. 15,434 p 15,338 15,356 p 15,333 p 15,326 p -8

Professional and business service ........... 18,063 p 17,981 18,031 p 17,982 p 17,931 p -51

Education and health services ............... 18,664 p 18,796 18,757 p 18,801 p 18,830 p 29

Leisure and hospitality ...................... 13,660 p 13,704 13,690 p 13,699 p 13,723 p 24

Government .................................... 22,358 p 22,430 22,401 p 22,430 p 22,459 p 29

Total private ....................................... 33.7 p 33.7 33.8 p 33.7 p 33.7 p 0.0

Manufacturing .................................. 41.1 p 40.9 41.0 p 40.9 p 40.8 p -.1

 Overtime ....................................... 4.0 p 3.9 4.0 p 3.9 p 3.9 p .0

Total private ........................................ 107.4 p 107.2 107.5 p 107.1 p 107.0 p -0.1

Average hourly earnings, total private ......... $17.81 p $17.95 $17.89 p $17.95 p $18.01 p $0.06

Average weekly earnings, total private ....... 600.80 p 605.51 604.68 p 604.92 p 606.94 p 2.02

c = corrected.

I 2008 II 2008 Apr. 2008 May 2008 June 2008

p = preliminary.

May-June 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 
3

Unemployment (Household Survey Data) 

The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged in June, at 8.5 million, and the 

unemployment rate held at 5.5 percent. A year earlier, the number of unemployed persons was 7.0 

million, and the jobless rate was 4.6 percent. (See table A-1.) 

The unemployment rate for Hispanics (7.7 percent) increased over the month, while the rate for 

adult men (5.1 percent) continued to trend up. Jobless rates for adult women (4.7 percent), teenagers 

(18.1 percent), whites (4.9 percent), and blacks (9.2 percent) showed little or no change in June. The 

unemployment rate for Asians was 4.5 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of persons who had lost their last job was essentially unchanged at 4.4 million in June, but has risen by 952,000 over the past 12 months. The numbers of 

unemployed reentrants and new entrants to the labor force were little changed in June; both groups had 

increased sharply in May. (See table A-8.) 

Following a large increase in May, the number of newly unemployed—those jobless fewer than 5 

weeks—decreased by 532,000 in June. The number of persons unemployed 5 to 14 weeks rose by 

530,000 over the month. The number of long-term unemployed (those persons jobless for 27 weeks or 

more) was essentially unchanged in June at 1.6 million; this group accounted for 18.4 percent of the 

unemployed. (See table A-9.) 

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

The civilian labor force (154.4 million) and the labor force participation rate (66.1 percent) were 

little changed in June; in the prior month the civilian labor force had increased sharply. Both total 

employment (145.9 million) and the employment-population ratio (62.4 percent) were essentially 

unchanged in June. The employment-population ratio was 0.6 percentage point lower than a year 

earlier. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons, at 5.4 million in June, was 

about unchanged over the month, but was up by 1.1 million over the past 12 months. These individuals 

indicated that they were working part time because their hours had been cut back or they were unable to 

find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.) 

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

In June, about 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor 

force, little different from a year earlier. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had 

looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they 

had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there 

were 420,000 discouraged workers in June, little changed from a year earlier. Discouraged workers 

were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. 

The other 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in June had not searched for work in 

the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See 

table A-13.) 
4

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down in June (-62,000). Since peaking in 

December 2007, payroll employment has fallen by 438,000. In June, job losses continued in construction, manufacturing, and employment services. Health care and mining added jobs over the month. 

(See table B-1.) 

Employment in construction fell by 43,000 in June, as job losses continued across the industry. 

Since its peak in September 2006, construction employment has fallen by 528,000. 

In June, manufacturing employment fell by 33,000. Job losses were widespread throughout the 

industry, with notable declines in fabricated metal products (-9,000), printing and related support 

activities (-6,000), and wood products (-6,000). Employment in motor vehicles and parts edged up by 

6,000 over the month, largely reflecting the return of workers from strikes and related shutdowns. Over 

the past 12 months, manufacturing has lost 353,000 jobs. 

Within professional and business services, employment services lost 59,000 jobs in June; about half 

of the decrease (-30,000) occurred in temporary help services. So far this year, monthly job losses in 

temporary help services have averaged 26,000 compared with average declines of 7,000 per month in 

2007. 

Retail trade employment changed little in June. A job gain in general merchandise stores (9,000) 

was offset by small declines elsewhere in the sector. Since its most recent peak in March 2007, retail 

trade has shed 194,000 jobs. 

Employment in mining rose by 8,000 in June. Support activities for mining and oil and gas 

extraction accounted for most of the increase. Mining employment has expanded by 208,000, or 42 

percent, since its most recent low in April 2003. 

Health care employment continued to grow in June (15,000), although the increase was half the size 

of the average monthly gain during the prior 12 months. In June, employment rose in ambulatory health 

care services (13,000). Since June 2007, health care has added 348,000 jobs. 

In June, food services employment continued to trend upward (16,000), although job gains in this 

industry have slowed recently. The industry added an average of 13,000 jobs per month from November 

2007 through June 2008; this compares with an average increase of 27,000 jobs per month for the first 

10 months of 2007. 

Government employment continued to trend up in June and has grown by 257,000 over the past 12 

months. Local government has accounted for about two-thirds of the growth since June 2007. 

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In June, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls remained at 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.1 

hour to 40.8 hours, and factory overtime was unchanged at 3.9 hours. (See table B-2.) 

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm 

payrolls fell by 0.1 percent in June to 107.0 (2002=100). The manufacturing index declined by 0.5 

percent to 91.4 percent. (See table B-5.) 
5

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

In June, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls rose by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $18.01, seasonally adjusted. This followed gains of 6 cents in 

May and 2 cents in April. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.3 percent in June to $606.94. Over the 

past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 3.4 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 

2.8 percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.) 

______________________________ 

The Employment Situation for July 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 1, 

at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). 

Midwest Floods 

The Midwest floods and resulting evacuations that occurred in June had no 

discernable impact on the national establishment and household survey estimates for the 

month. Response rates for the affected areas were within normal ranges for both surveys. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

May

2007

May

2008

May

2007

May

2008

May

2007

May

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 145,864 c 145,927 6,486 8,076 4.3 5.2

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 51,719 52,544 1,019 1,407 1.9 2.6

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,313 c 21,822 441 610 2.0 2.7

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 30,406 c 30,722 578 796 1.9 2.5

Service occupations ....................................................................... 24,337 24,679 1,432 1,648 5.6 6.3

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 35,983 35,589 1,528 1,779 4.1 4.8

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 16,705 16,167 772 861 4.4 5.1

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,278 19,422 756 918 3.8 4.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 15,661 14,876 969 1,207 5.8 7.5

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 1,004 1,008 73 80 6.8 7.3

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,458 8,684 700 907 6.9 9.5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,199 5,184 196 220 3.6 4.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 18,165 18,238 985 1,228 5.1 6.3

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,535 9,136 534 653 5.3 6.7

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,630 9,103 452 575 5.0 5.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

May

2007

May

2008

May

2007

May

2008

May

2007

May

2008

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 79,130 79,402 30,054 30,470 49,076 48,932

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 5,551 5,393 2,562 2,427 2,989 2,966

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,406 1,416 693 754 713 662

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 368 400 246 260 122 140

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 1,038 1,016 447 494 591 522

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,693 7,653 3,835 3,842 3,858 3,812

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.7 5.6

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,121 4,205 2,316 c 3,842 1,805 1,904

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,851 1,827 563 577 1,288 1,250

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 327 286 220 195 107 91

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,334 1,296 711 739 623 557

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.

6
7

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin 

of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger 

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the 

establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is 

about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey 

because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household 

workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of 

employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus, 

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether 

respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers 

accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force 

from 2000 to 2007. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The 

establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to 

incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly 

revisions, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates 

to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark 

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual 

benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the self-employed? 

While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly 

estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent 

years. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to 

achieve that goal. 
8

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net 

impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of 

a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on 

temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question 

relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially 

counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or

by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000

(100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from

less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 231,713 233,405 233,627 231,713 232,809 232,995 233,198 233,405 233,627

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 154,252 154,003 155,582 153,085 153,374 153,784 153,957 154,534 154,390

 Participation rate ..................................................... 66.6 66.0 66.6 66.1 65.9 66.0 66.0 66.2 66.1

 Employed .................................................................... 146,958 c 145,927 146,649 146,087 145,993 145,969 146,331 146,046 145,891

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 63.4 62.5 62.8 63.0 62.7 62.6 62.7 62.6 62.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 7,295 8,076 8,933 6,997 7,381 7,815 7,626 8,487 8,499

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.7 5.2 5.7 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 77,460 79,402 78,045 78,628 79,436 79,211 79,241 c 78,871 79,237

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 5,288 5,393 5,374 4,888 4,772 4,730 4,755 4,766 4,888

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 112,093 112,912 113,029 112,093 112,596 112,695 112,803 112,912 113,029

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 83,050 82,443 83,432 82,102 82,132 82,184 82,256 82,602 82,528

 Participation rate ..................................................... 74.1 73.0 73.8 73.2 72.9 72.9 72.9 73.2 73.0

 Employed .................................................................... 79,150 77,983 78,614 78,243 78,113 77,948 78,038 77,954 77,794

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 70.6 69.1 69.6 69.8 69.4 69.2 69.2 69.0 68.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,900 4,459 4,818 3,859 4,019 4,236 4,218 4,648 4,734

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.7 5.4 5.8 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 29,043 30,470 29,597 29,991 30,464 30,511 30,547 30,310 30,502

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 103,477 104,258 104,371 103,477 103,961 104,052 104,152 104,258 104,371

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 78,767 78,859 79,231 78,503 78,748 78,838 78,776 78,878 79,037

 Participation rate ..................................................... 76.1 75.6 75.9 75.9 75.7 75.8 75.6 75.7 75.7

 Employed .................................................................... 75,759 c 75,152 75,402 75,292 75,362 75,197 75,148 75,001 74,998

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 73.2 72.1 72.2 72.8 72.5 72.3 72.2 71.9 71.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,008 3,708 3,829 3,212 3,386 3,641 3,628 3,877 4,038

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 3.8 4.7 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 24,710 25,399 25,139 24,973 25,213 25,214 25,376 25,380 25,334

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 119,620 120,493 120,598 119,620 120,213 120,300 120,396 120,493 120,598

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 71,203 71,560 72,150 70,983 71,241 71,600 71,701 71,931 71,862

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.5 59.4 59.8 59.3 59.3 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.6

 Employed .................................................................... 67,808 67,943 68,035 67,845 67,880 68,021 68,293 68,092 68,097

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 56.7 56.4 56.4 56.7 56.5 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,395 3,617 4,115 3,138 3,361 3,579 3,408 3,839 3,765

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.8 5.1 5.7 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 48,418 48,932 48,448 48,637 48,972 48,700 48,694 48,562 48,735

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,259 112,083 112,183 111,259 111,822 111,902 111,990 112,083 112,183

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 67,198 68,124 68,227 67,481 67,816 68,159 68,176 68,390 68,446

 Participation rate ..................................................... 60.4 60.8 60.8 60.7 60.6 60.9 60.9 61.0 61.0

 Employed .................................................................... 64,473 65,115 64,904 64,828 64,950 65,055 65,260 65,138 65,238

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 57.9 58.1 57.9 58.3 58.1 58.1 58.3 58.1 58.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,724 3,008 3,323 2,653 2,865 3,104 2,916 3,252 3,208

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.1 4.4 4.9 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 44,061 43,959 43,956 43,778 44,006 43,743 43,814 43,693 43,737

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 16,977 17,064 17,073 16,977 17,027 17,041 17,056 17,064 17,073

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,288 7,020 8,124 7,100 6,810 6,787 7,005 7,266 6,907

 Participation rate ..................................................... 48.8 41.1 47.6 41.8 40.0 39.8 41.1 42.6 40.5

 Employed .................................................................... 6,725 5,660 6,343 5,968 5,681 5,717 5,923 5,907 5,655

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 39.6 33.2 37.1 35.2 33.4 33.5 34.7 34.6 33.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,563 1,360 1,781 1,133 1,130 1,070 1,082 1,358 1,253

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 18.9 19.4 21.9 16.0 16.6 15.8 15.4 18.7 18.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 8,690 10,044 8,950 9,877 10,216 10,254 10,051 9,798 10,166

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 188,148 189,281 189,428 188,148 188,906 189,019 189,147 189,281 189,428

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 125,867 125,415 126,674 124,918 124,940 125,190 125,171 125,762 125,704

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.9 66.3 66.9 66.4 66.1 66.2 66.2 66.4 66.4

 Employed .................................................................... 120,592 119,603 120,191 119,835 119,534 119,574 119,667 119,661 119,518

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.1 63.2 63.4 63.7 63.3 63.3 63.3 63.2 63.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 5,276 5,812 6,483 5,083 5,406 5,616 5,504 6,101 6,186

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.2 4.6 5.1 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 62,280 63,866 c 62,753 63,230 63,966 63,829 63,975 63,519 63,724

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 65,415 65,416 65,578 65,181 65,270 65,342 65,183 65,392 65,402

 Participation rate ....................................................... 76.6 76.1 76.3 76.4 76.1 76.2 75.9 76.1 76.1

 Employed .................................................................... 63,239 62,671 62,803 62,835 62,745 62,665 62,507 62,491 62,447

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 74.1 72.9 73.0 73.6 73.2 73.1 72.8 72.7 72.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,176 2,744 2,775 2,346 2,524 2,677 2,676 2,901 2,955

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.5

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 53,594 54,230 54,346 53,863 54,078 54,264 54,211 54,400 54,562

 Participation rate ....................................................... 59.7 60.1 60.2 60.0 60.0 60.2 60.1 60.3 60.4

 Employed .................................................................... 51,633 52,159 51,969 51,960 52,004 52,061 52,182 52,177 52,282

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 57.5 57.8 57.5 57.9 57.7 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,961 2,071 2,376 1,903 2,075 2,202 2,029 2,223 2,280

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.7 3.8 4.4 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.7 4.1 4.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,859 5,769 6,750 5,874 5,592 5,584 5,777 5,971 5,740

 Participation rate ....................................................... 52.6 44.1 51.6 45.0 42.8 42.7 44.2 45.7 43.9

 Employed .................................................................... 5,720 4,772 5,419 5,040 4,785 4,848 4,978 4,993 4,789

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 43.9 36.5 41.4 38.6 36.6 37.1 38.1 38.2 36.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,139 996 1,332 834 807 736 799 978 951

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 16.6 17.3 19.7 14.2 14.4 13.2 13.8 16.4 16.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,459 27,780 27,816 27,459 27,675 27,709 27,746 27,780 27,816

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,681 17,676 17,926 17,456 17,632 17,702 17,753 17,742 17,716

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.4 63.6 64.4 63.6 63.7 63.9 64.0 63.9 63.7

 Employed .................................................................... 16,091 16,015 16,165 15,989 16,169 16,116 16,234 16,029 16,085

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.6 57.6 58.1 58.2 58.4 58.2 58.5 57.7 57.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,589 1,661 1,760 1,467 1,463 1,586 1,520 1,713 1,632

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 9.0 9.4 9.8 8.4 8.3 9.0 8.6 9.7 9.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,778 10,105 9,891 10,003 10,043 10,007 9,992 10,038 10,100

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,829 7,880 c 8,051 7,794 7,947 7,922 7,945 7,909 7,997

 Participation rate ....................................................... 70.9 70.6 72.0 70.6 71.5 71.2 71.3 70.8 71.5

 Employed .................................................................... 7,198 7,182 7,292 7,149 7,320 7,255 7,278 7,202 7,254

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.2 64.3 65.2 64.7 65.8 65.2 65.3 64.5 64.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 632 698 c 760 645 627 667 667 707 742

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.1 8.9 9.4 8.3 7.9 8.4 8.4 8.9 9.3

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,866 8,988 8,987 8,848 8,866 9,016 9,038 9,008 8,973

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.4 64.5 64.4 64.2 63.8 64.8 64.9 64.6 64.3

 Employed .................................................................... 8,276 8,284 8,300 8,279 8,289 8,336 8,374 8,268 8,305

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 60.1 59.4 59.5 60.1 59.6 59.9 60.1 59.3 59.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 590 704 687 569 577 680 664 740 668

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.7 7.8 7.6 6.4 6.5 7.5 7.4 8.2 7.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 985 808 887 813 819 764 771 825 747

 Participation rate ....................................................... 37.3 30.2 33.1 30.8 30.8 28.7 28.9 30.9 27.9

 Employed .................................................................... 618 548 573 561 560 525 582 558 525

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 23.4 20.5 21.4 21.3 21.0 19.7 21.8 20.9 19.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 368 259 314 252 259 239 189 266 221

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 37.3 32.1 35.4 31.0 31.7 31.3 24.5 32.3 29.6

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,617 c 10,669 c 10,728 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,106 c 7,156 7,231 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.9 67.1 67.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,887 6,881 6,903 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.9 64.5 64.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 220 275 328 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.1 3.8 4.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,511 3,513 3,498 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 31,329 31,998 32,087 31,329 31,732 31,820 31,911 31,998 32,087

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,552 22,104 22,184 21,460 21,755 21,775 21,917 22,102 22,131

 Participation rate ....................................................... 68.8 69.1 69.1 68.5 68.6 68.4 68.7 69.1 69.0

 Employed .................................................................... 20,365 20,699 20,499 20,245 20,401 20,269 20,404 20,573 20,420

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.0 64.7 63.9 64.6 64.3 63.7 63.9 64.3 63.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,187 1,405 1,684 1,216 1,354 1,507 1,512 1,529 1,711

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.5 6.4 7.6 5.7 6.2 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.7

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,777 9,894 9,904 9,869 9,977 10,045 9,994 9,896 9,956

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,324 12,627 12,632 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 84.3 84.7 84.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,854 11,893 11,849 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 81.1 79.8 79.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 470 734 783 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.8 5.8 6.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,060 8,346 8,286 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 58.5 59.3 58.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,605 c 7,874 7,680 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 55.2 56.0 54.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 456 473 606 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.7 5.7 7.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,168 1,131 1,266 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 39.8 37.4 41.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 906 933 970 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 30.9 30.8 32.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 261 198 296 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 22.4 17.5 23.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 12,286 12,423 12,422 12,029 12,127 12,058 12,095 12,119 12,178

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.0 46.5 46.8 45.0 46.4 46.0 45.5 45.4 45.9

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,530 11,512 11,424 11,210 11,236 11,071 11,157 11,118 11,117

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 43.1 43.1 43.0 41.9 43.0 42.3 42.0 41.6 41.9

 Unemployed ................................................................. 756 911 998 819 891 986 938 1,001 1,061

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 6.2 7.3 8.0 6.8 7.3 8.2 7.8 8.3 8.7

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 38,093 38,198 37,875 38,302 38,078 37,952 37,926 38,323 38,170

 Participation rate ......................................................... 62.5 62.6 62.3 62.9 62.6 62.3 62.6 62.8 62.8

 Employed ...................................................................... 36,599 36,387 36,031 36,746 36,303 36,016 36,032 36,349 36,233

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 60.1 59.6 59.3 60.3 59.7 59.1 59.5 59.5 59.6

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,494 1,811 1,844 1,556 1,775 1,936 1,894 1,974 1,937

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.9 4.7 4.9 4.1 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 35,916 36,565 36,692 36,188 36,437 36,548 36,688 36,791 36,824

 Participation rate ......................................................... 72.0 72.0 71.7 72.5 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.4 71.9

 Employed ...................................................................... 34,650 35,101 35,117 34,912 35,086 35,142 35,271 35,219 35,264

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 69.4 69.1 68.6 69.9 69.4 69.3 69.4 69.3 68.9

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,265 1,464 1,575 1,275 1,351 1,405 1,417 1,572 1,559

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.5 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 43,977 44,612 44,677 44,248 45,226 45,459 45,309 44,566 44,993

 Participation rate ......................................................... 77.5 77.8 77.5 78.0 78.1 78.6 78.4 77.7 78.1

 Employed ...................................................................... 43,080 43,673 43,611 43,363 44,283 44,501 44,376 43,588 43,964

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 75.9 76.1 75.7 76.4 76.5 77.0 76.8 76.0 76.3

 Unemployed ................................................................. 897 939 1,066 885 944 958 933 978 1,029

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,145 2,160 2,331 1,957 2,213 2,192 2,109 2,122 2,137

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,312 1,264 1,401 1,155 1,324 1,331 1,244 1,241 1,244

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 813 865 876 778 873 849 839 849 840

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 20 31 53 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 144,813 143,767 144,319 144,066 143,820 143,796 144,258 143,898 143,650

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 134,679 134,164 134,573 134,153 134,259 134,411 134,761 134,385 134,132

 Government ................................................................ 20,897 21,601 20,955 21,107 21,252 21,262 21,333 21,263 c 21,186 

 Private industries ........................................................ 113,782 112,563 113,618 113,028 112,972 113,142 113,394 c 113,116 113,001

 Private households ................................................... 837 774 862 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 112,944 111,789 112,756 112,234 112,212 112,383 112,650 112,315 112,155

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,991 9,470 9,625 9,858 9,410 9,224 9,355 c 9,384 9,430

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 143 132 120 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,469 5,096 5,697 4,311 4,884 4,914 5,220 5,233 5,416

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,736 3,560 3,806 2,803 3,291 3,323 3,558 3,595 3,816

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,359 1,264 1,532 1,197 1,222 1,362 1,323 1,281 1,336

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 18,935 19,708 18,424 20,076 19,348 19,409 19,809 19,428 19,496

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,393 5,046 c 5,608 4,210 4,790 4,797 5,125 5,164 5,308

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,679 3,522 3,749 2,736 3,231 3,238 3,513 3,531 3,744

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,352 1,261 1,513 1,198 1,216 1,354 1,331 1,288 1,328

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 18,582 19,350 18,038 19,734 19,019 19,072 19,456 19,047 19,106

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 146,958 c 145,927 146,649 146,087 145,993 145,969 146,331 146,046 145,891

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 6,725 5,660 6,343 5,968 5,681 5,717 5,923 5,907 5,655

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 2,635 1,919 2,212 2,334 2,109 2,125 2,072 2,040 1,966

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 4,090 3,741 4,130 3,641 3,579 3,578 3,847 3,807 3,678

 20 years and over ......................................................... 140,233 140,267 140,307 140,120 140,312 140,252 140,408 140,139 140,236

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 14,373 13,595 14,123 13,969 13,632 13,657 13,761 13,704 13,720

 25 years and over ....................................................... 125,859 126,672 126,183 126,177 126,644 126,574 126,595 126,394 126,565

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 100,280 99,993 99,597 100,434 100,057 99,948 99,964 99,774 99,813

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,700 31,573 31,540 31,631 31,599 31,581 31,639 31,545 31,488

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 34,122 33,820 33,553 34,230 33,863 33,783 33,740 33,701 33,692

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,458 34,601 34,504 34,573 34,595 34,585 34,586 34,528 c 34,634 

 55 years and over ..................................................... 25,580 26,679 26,586 25,743 26,587 26,626 26,631 26,620 26,751

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 79,150 77,983 78,614 78,243 78,113 77,948 78,038 77,954 77,794

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 3,391 2,832 3,212 2,951 2,751 2,751 2,890 2,953 2,795

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,323 927 1,106 1,126 966 971 937 990 938

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 2,068 1,904 2,106 1,843 1,782 1,780 1,948 1,946 1,879

 20 years and over ......................................................... 75,759 c 75,152 75,402 75,292 75,362 75,197 75,148 75,001 74,998

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,629 7,215 7,450 7,358 7,219 7,268 7,299 7,250 7,202

 25 years and over ....................................................... 68,130 67,937 67,952 67,960 68,129 67,938 67,809 67,742 67,832

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 54,471 53,797 53,714 54,295 54,016 53,847 53,678 c 53,652 53,605

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,545 17,357 17,367 17,470 17,346 17,255 17,321 17,309 17,298

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,696 18,210 18,154 18,645 18,400 18,359 18,180 18,147 18,133

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,231 18,230 18,193 18,180 18,270 18,233 18,177 18,196 18,174

 55 years and over ..................................................... 13,659 14,140 14,238 13,664 14,113 14,091 14,131 14,091 14,227

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 67,808 67,943 68,035 67,845 67,880 68,021 68,293 68,092 68,097

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 3,334 2,828 3,131 3,017 2,929 2,966 3,033 2,954 2,859

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,311 c 992 1,106 1,208 1,143 1,154 1,136 1,050 1,028

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 2,023 1,836 2,025 1,798 1,797 1,798 1,899 1,861 1,799

 20 years and over ......................................................... 64,473 65,115 64,904 64,828 64,950 65,055 65,260 65,138 65,238

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,744 6,380 6,673 6,612 6,414 6,389 6,463 6,454 6,518

 25 years and over ....................................................... 57,729 58,736 58,231 58,217 58,515 58,636 58,786 58,652 58,733

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 45,809 46,196 45,883 46,139 46,041 46,101 46,286 46,122 46,208

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 14,155 14,216 14,173 14,161 14,254 14,326 14,318 14,236 14,190

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,426 15,610 15,400 15,585 15,463 15,423 15,559 15,555 15,559

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,227 16,370 16,311 16,393 16,325 16,352 16,409 16,332 16,459

 55 years and over ..................................................... 11,921 12,540 12,348 12,078 12,474 12,535 12,500 12,529 12,525

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 46,441 46,024 45,897 46,448 46,136 45,961 45,964 45,862 45,911

Married women, spouse present .................................... 35,679 36,298 35,940 36,111 35,648 35,749 36,177 36,171 36,270

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,240 9,189 9,007 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 122,150 120,809 121,845 120,650 121,275 121,231 120,856 120,989 120,542

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 24,808 25,117 24,804 25,475 24,697 24,691 25,245 c 24,970 25,419

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,538 7,653 7,694 7,666 7,582 7,449 7,644 7,679 7,794

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 6,997 8,487 8,499 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,133 1,358 1,253 16.0 16.6 15.8 15.4 18.7 18.1

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 479 547 596 17.0 18.3 18.6 19.7 21.2 23.3

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 680 807 678 15.7 15.5 14.0 13.2 17.5 15.6

 20 years and over ......................................................... 5,865 7,129 c 7,247 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.9

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,236 1,584 1,535 8.1 8.9 9.3 8.9 10.4 10.1

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,578 5,470 5,639 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 3,754 4,598 4,704 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,522 1,761 1,798 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.4

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,169 1,494 1,545 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.4

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,062 1,343 1,361 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

 55 years and over ..................................................... 812 896 919 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.3

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 3,859 4,648 4,734 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 648 771 695 18.0 18.7 17.8 16.9 20.7 19.9

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 255 301 333 18.5 20.5 22.0 22.2 23.3 26.2

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 420 475 387 18.5 18.0 15.2 14.5 19.6 17.1

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,212 3,877 4,038 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 751 900 904 9.3 9.9 10.3 9.9 11.0 11.2

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,417 2,960 3,072 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,981 2,465 2,574 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 839 994 986 4.6 4.8 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.4

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 571 772 863 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.5

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 572 699 725 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8

 55 years and over ..................................................... 436 496 497 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.4

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,138 3,839 3,765 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.2

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 485 587 557 13.9 14.5 13.8 14.0 16.6 16.3

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 224 246 262 15.6 16.2 15.5 17.5 19.0 20.3

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 260 332 292 12.6 12.8 12.8 11.8 15.2 13.9

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,653 3,252 3,208 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 485 684 631 6.8 7.7 8.1 7.7 9.6 8.8

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,161 2,509 2,567 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,773 2,133 2,130 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.4

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 684 767 812 4.6 4.7 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.4

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 599 722 682 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.4 4.2

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 491 644 636 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.7

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 391 357 439 3.2 3.3 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,126 1,357 1,426 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0

Married women, spouse present .................................... 1,013 1,169 1,256 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 679 683 768 6.8 6.7 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 5,722 7,010 7,050 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,243 1,454 1,442 4.7 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.4

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not 

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the 

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 3,241 3,949 4,201 3,418 3,854 4,154 4,014 4,282 4,370

On temporary layoff .................................................... 771 856 949 862 971 1,056 1,099 1,113 1,077

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,469 3,094 3,252 2,555 2,883 3,098 2,915 3,169 3,292

Permanent job losers .............................................. 1,734 2,220 2,341 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 736 874 912 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 794 819 818 810 769 781 850 870 833

Reentrants ...................................................................... 2,327 2,515 2,778 2,125 2,112 2,117 2,134 2,460 2,498

New entrants .................................................................. 933 793 1,136 628 648 681 624 828 748

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 44.4 48.9 47.0 49.0 52.2 53.7 52.7 50.7 51.7

On temporary layoff .................................................. 10.6 10.6 10.6 12.4 13.2 13.7 14.4 13.2 12.7

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 33.9 38.3 36.4 36.6 39.0 40.1 38.2 37.5 39.0

Job leavers ................................................................... 10.9 10.1 9.2 11.6 10.4 10.1 11.2 10.3 9.9

Reentrants .................................................................... 31.9 31.1 31.1 30.4 28.6 27.4 28.0 29.1 29.6

New entrants ................................................................ 12.8 9.8 12.7 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.2 9.8 8.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8

Job leavers ................................................................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6

New entrants ................................................................ .6 .5 .7 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 3,185 3,222 3,425 2,505 2,639 2,767 2,484 3,244 2,712

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 1,933 2,035 2,719 2,140 2,396 2,525 2,495 2,469 2,999

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 2,176 2,819 2,790 2,296 2,377 2,400 2,626 2,773 2,916

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 1,068 1,263 1,261 1,136 1,079 1,118 1,272 1,223 1,328

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,108 1,557 1,529 1,159 1,299 1,282 1,353 1,550 1,587

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 15.1 17.0 15.9 16.8 16.8 16.2 16.9 16.6 17.5

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 6.2 8.2 7.5 8.3 8.4 8.1 9.3 8.3 10.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 43.7 39.9 38.3 36.1 35.6 36.0 32.7 38.2 31.4

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 26.5 25.2 30.4 30.8 32.3 32.8 32.8 29.1 34.8

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 29.8 34.9 31.2 33.1 32.1 31.2 34.5 32.7 33.8

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 14.6 15.6 14.1 16.4 14.6 14.5 16.7 14.4 15.4

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 15.2 19.3 17.1 16.7 17.5 16.7 17.8 18.3 18.4

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

June

2007

June

2008

June

2007

June

2008

June

2007

June

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 146,958 146,649 7,295 8,933 4.7 5.7

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 51,300 52,735 1,233 1,478 2.3 2.7

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,352 22,160 425 557 2.0 2.5

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 29,949 30,575 808 921 2.6 2.9

Service occupations ....................................................................... 24,976 c 25,134 1,565 1,758 5.9 6.5

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 36,518 c 35,564 1,645 1,937 4.3 5.2

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 17,037 16,199 873 969 4.9 5.6

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,481 19,365 771 968 3.8 4.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 15,870 15,024 865 1,179 5.2 7.3

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 1,050 1,073 83 62 7.3 5.5

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,597 8,798 628 881 6.1 9.1

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,223 5,154 155 236 2.9 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 18,294 18,192 1,026 1,422 5.3 7.3

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,517 9,151 515 720 5.1 7.3

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,777 9,041 511 702 5.5 7.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

June

2007

June

2008

June

2007

June

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 7,295 8,933 4.7 5.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 5,472 6,693 4.6 5.6

 Mining ............................................................................................. 33 28 4.3 3.3

 Construction .................................................................................. 600 785 5.9 8.2

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 653 862 4.0 5.2

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 406 544 3.9 5.1

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 247 318 4.1 5.5

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 979 1,160 4.6 5.7

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 242 329 4.1 5.1

 Information ..................................................................................... 114 157 3.4 4.7

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 303 337 3.1 3.4

 Professional and business services ......................................... 722 890 5.2 6.2

 Education and health services .................................................. 653 669 3.4 3.4

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 917 1,154 7.2 8.9

 Other services ............................................................................... 256 322 4.0 5.0

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 59 86 4.5 6.1

Government workers ..................................................................... 572 654 2.7 3.0

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 258 364 2.3 3.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2007

May

2008

June

2008

June

2007

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.7 5.2 5.7 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 5.0 5.5 6.0 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.6 6.1 6.7 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.8 6.4 6.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers 8.5 9.4 10.3 8.3 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.7 9.9

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

June

2007

June

2008

June

2007

June

2008

June

2007

June

2008

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 77,460 78,045 29,043 29,597 48,418 48,448

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 5,288 5,374 2,323 2,504 2,965 2,870

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,454 1,558 727 863 727 695

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 401 420 256 297 145 123

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 1,053 1,137 470 565 582 572

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,538 7,694 3,777 3,888 3,761 3,805

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.5 5.6

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,019 4,073 2,227 c 2,236 1,792 1,836

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,804 1,796 537 574 1,266 1,222

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 289 351 202 243 88 107

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,371 1,439 771 820 600 619

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 c = corrected.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 June 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

 June 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

Change

from:

May 2008-

June 2008p

Total nonfarm ............................. 138,791 137,730 138,383 138,624 137,625 137,919 137,831 137,764 137,702 137,640 -62

Total private ........................................ 116,628 114,932 115,559 116,197 115,423 115,557 115,454 115,363 115,272 115,181 -91

Goods-producing ............................................ 22,636 21,412 21,627 21,841 22,267 21,816 21,737 21,628 21,574 21,505 -69

Natural resources and mining .................................. 733 743 758 776 721 744 750 752 757 764 7

Logging ........................................................... 62.2 56.6 57.4 57.9 61.2 60.2 60.1 60.8 59.5 57.5 -2.0

Mining .................................................................... 670.9 686.2 700.4 718.3 659.6 684.0 689.7 690.9 697.6 706.0 8.4

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 147.0 152.6 156.6 161.3 144.8 153.8 155.2 154.2 156.8 158.7 1.9

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 232.3 222.8 232.0 236.6 225.0 225.7 226.2 225.8 228.5 229.2 .7

Coal mining ...................................................... 77.4 79.1 80.2 81.2 76.9 78.7 79.2 79.3 80.5 80.9 .4

Support activities for mining .............................. 291.6 310.8 311.8 320.4 289.8 304.5 308.3 310.9 312.3 318.1 5.8

Construction ............................................................. 7,913 7,125 7,305 7,433 7,656 7,382 7,343 7,284 7,247 7,204 -43

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,821.1 1,611.8 1,638.8 1,662.9 1,778.1 1,673.0 1,668.2 1,648.2 1,632.3 1,620.0 -12.3

Residential building ......................................... 989.0 841.4 860.0 873.7 962.9 877.0 875.5 863.9 855.4 848.7 -6.7

Nonresidential building .................................... 832.1 770.4 778.8 789.2 815.2 796.0 792.7 784.3 776.9 771.3 -5.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 1,063.3 935.8 991.0 1,013.7 1,008.1 977.6 976.9 967.4 964.9 960.0 -4.9

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 5,028.3 4,577.1 4,674.7 4,756.8 4,870.1 4,731.8 4,697.5 4,668.0 4,649.7 4,624.4 -25.3

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,396.5 2,070.9 2,112.3 2,153.8 2,312.3 2,164.2 2,137.5 2,117.1 2,095.4 2,081.1 -14.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,631.8 2,506.2 2,562.4 2,603.0 2,557.8 2,567.6 2,560.0 2,550.9 2,554.3 2,543.3 -11.0

Manufacturing ........................................................... 13,990 13,544 13,564 13,632 13,890 13,690 13,644 13,592 13,570 13,537 -33

Production workers ....................................... 10,059 9,761 9,786 9,841 9,980 9,879 9,847 9,799 9,786 9,761 -25

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,882 8,599 8,602 8,642 8,816 8,685 8,652 8,607 8,593 8,577 -16

Production workers ....................................... 6,312 6,111 6,112 6,143 6,257 6,182 6,152 6,112 6,101 6,088 -13

Wood products ................................................... 530.1 486.7 483.9 484.1 520.4 498.6 492.9 490.9 482.3 476.7 -5.6

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 516.7 482.8 485.7 491.5 505.5 492.2 487.7 486.3 482.0 480.8 -1.2

Primary metals .................................................... 456.8 451.9 449.5 449.9 454.3 451.4 451.3 450.1 448.2 447.6 -.6

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,571.8 1,542.2 1,543.1 1,541.7 1,563.3 1,557.1 1,556.9 1,544.1 1,543.0 1,533.7 -9.3

Machinery ........................................................... 1,196.2 1,193.7 1,195.8 1,198.2 1,189.6 1,191.7 1,195.1 1,193.1 1,192.3 1,190.0 -2.3

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,277.6 1,250.8 1,248.0 1,255.3 1,270.8 1,251.9 1,254.1 1,253.8 1,250.5 1,249.2 -1.3

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 186.6 186.1 185.5 187.5 185.5 185.9 186.0 186.7 186.0 185.6 -.4

Communications equipment ........................... 128.0 130.5 131.0 133.2 127.4 128.7 129.4 130.9 131.1 132.9 1.8

Semiconductors and electronic components . 450.4 426.8 424.0 424.3 446.0 429.7 428.7 426.7 423.7 421.5 -2.2

Electronic instruments ..................................... 445.9 444.3 444.7 447.0 444.5 442.9 446.2 445.7 445.8 445.5 -.3

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 429.0 420.7 421.5 425.6 427.1 420.8 419.9 421.5 422.1 422.9 .8

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,723.3 1,635.6 1,642.6 1,659.0 1,711.6 1,672.0 1,651.1 1,630.6 1,638.7 1,645.8 7.1

Motor vehicles and parts2................................. 1,008.2 914.7 914.9 925.3 997.7 950.4 927.3 908.6 910.2 915.8 5.6

Furniture and related products .......................... 539.4 505.8 503.4 507.3 534.4 516.0 511.2 506.4 504.3 503.7 -.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 640.6 629.1 628.2 628.9 638.9 633.3 632.0 630.2 629.1 626.9 -2.2

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,108 4,945 4,962 4,990 5,074 5,005 4,992 4,985 4,977 4,960 -17

Production workers ....................................... 3,747 3,650 3,674 3,698 3,723 3,697 3,695 3,687 3,685 3,673 -12

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,490.3 1,441.2 1,453.1 1,470.9 1,484.9 1,482.7 1,477.0 1,473.8 1,472.8 1,470.1 -2.7

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 201.5 189.4 191.5 194.5 197.9 189.3 190.8 193.3 192.4 191.3 -1.1

Textile mills ......................................................... 172.0 156.3 156.1 153.2 170.5 161.4 158.7 156.4 155.1 151.9 -3.2

Textile product mills ........................................... 159.2 153.7 153.0 150.8 158.1 153.0 153.3 152.2 151.6 149.9 -1.7

Apparel ................................................................ 216.0 198.5 197.9 199.2 212.2 200.6 198.1 198.0 196.5 195.2 -1.3

Leather and allied products ............................... 34.0 34.0 34.1 34.6 33.8 33.5 33.5 33.9 33.9 34.2 .3

Paper and paper products ................................. 462.6 456.4 457.2 460.2 460.3 457.8 457.9 458.4 458.2 457.5 -.7

Printing and related support activities ............... 627.5 610.8 608.7 605.1 624.3 614.6 614.2 611.7 607.9 602.1 -5.8

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 117.0 111.4 115.3 117.9 114.2 112.5 112.2 112.2 113.5 114.3 .8

Chemicals ........................................................... 868.3 859.7 861.6 868.3 863.3 861.0 860.5 861.3 862.4 862.6 .2

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 759.5 733.3 733.8 735.2 754.3 738.7 735.6 734.1 732.5 731.2 -1.3

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 June 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

 June 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

Change

from:

May 2008-

June 2008p

Service-providing .............................................. 116,155 116,318 116,756 116,783 115,358 116,103 116,094 116,136 116,128 116,135 7

Private service-providing ............................... 93,992 93,520 93,932 94,356 93,156 93,741 93,717 93,735 93,698 93,676 -22

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,662 26,274 26,395 26,482 26,600 26,579 26,552 26,496 26,458 26,449 -9

Wholesale trade .................................................... 6,073.5 6,029.5 6,050.8 6,070.6 6,030.0 6,057.6 6,054.3 6,043.9 6,040.0 6,037.6 -2.4

Durable goods .................................................... 3,153.9 3,111.8 3,113.2 3,125.9 3,135.2 3,127.3 3,127.8 3,118.1 3,111.5 3,109.8 -1.7

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,086.7 2,080.0 2,096.1 2,099.7 2,066.3 2,088.4 2,087.5 2,086.9 2,089.4 2,087.2 -2.2

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 832.9 837.7 841.5 845.0 828.5 841.9 839.0 838.9 839.1 840.6 1.5

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,482.4 15,168.7 15,243.7 15,301.7 15,483.9 15,428.8 15,401.4 15,355.7 15,333.1 15,325.6 -7.5

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,930.5 1,897.2 1,904.0 1,903.0 1,913.9 1,905.1 1,901.5 1,897.6 1,894.1 1,889.3 -4.8

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,251.1 1,228.3 1,227.1 1,223.7 1,245.7 1,236.2 1,233.7 1,228.8 1,224.6 1,219.8 -4.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 572.9 563.1 563.6 561.7 578.1 575.9 570.6 569.0 569.7 568.2 -1.5

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 537.0 530.4 528.8 526.9 543.9 533.6 535.0 534.7 537.9 533.1 -4.8

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,377.3 1,268.1 1,305.1 1,295.4 1,313.7 1,258.5 1,250.8 1,240.5 1,239.1 1,235.2 -3.9

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,862.6 2,858.0 2,878.1 2,896.3 2,845.3 2,885.7 2,890.1 2,882.4 2,881.1 2,881.9 .8

Health and personal care stores ....................... 989.6 985.5 987.2 995.7 987.7 993.5 993.9 993.4 992.5 993.8 1.3

Gasoline stations ................................................ 870.8 841.5 839.4 853.8 862.2 854.2 852.6 847.4 841.1 844.6 3.5

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,467.3 1,446.9 1,446.5 1,460.6 1,489.7 1,496.3 1,498.9 1,495.4 1,494.4 1,495.3 .9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 637.2 629.8 636.9 629.8 656.2 661.9 658.6 651.5 654.3 652.0 -2.3

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,944.7 2,868.9 2,866.0 2,897.6 2,987.6 2,955.7 2,943.9 2,939.0 2,927.3 2,936.2 8.9

Department stores .......................................... 1,544.5 1,476.1 1,465.9 1,474.9 1,581.0 1,543.3 1,534.3 1,528.1 1,514.6 1,514.0 -.6

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 873.2 849.9 860.4 862.0 869.8 865.3 862.8 863.3 860.6 858.6 -2.0

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 419.3 429.4 427.7 418.9 435.8 443.1 442.7 441.5 441.0 437.4 -3.6

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,548.6 4,518.9 4,542.3 4,546.0 4,531.8 4,535.5 4,537.7 4,538.3 4,527.4 4,526.7 -.7

Air transportation ................................................ 494.9 502.9 503.0 505.2 493.0 508.2 507.5 504.5 502.7 501.9 -.8

Rail transportation .............................................. 234.3 233.5 234.5 234.5 233.8 233.7 233.7 233.5 233.2 233.0 -.2

Water transportation ........................................... 66.7 60.9 62.0 65.8 64.5 62.5 61.6 62.3 62.0 63.6 1.6

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,463.5 1,400.9 1,412.2 1,423.1 1,445.2 1,417.4 1,420.4 1,415.2 1,411.6 1,404.2 -7.4

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 401.2 432.5 431.7 413.1 405.3 413.5 412.9 418.3 412.2 416.2 4.0

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 40.0 41.0 42.1 43.3 39.9 40.9 41.2 41.3 42.3 42.8 .5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 33.8 27.9 32.9 36.2 28.6 31.5 31.7 31.3 31.2 31.0 -.2

Support activities for transportation ................... 584.9 589.1 588.0 590.5 583.0 585.9 586.3 588.2 587.0 587.8 .8

Couriers and messengers .................................. 576.7 578.3 581.5 581.9 579.8 586.0 585.3 585.0 586.8 587.1 .3

Warehousing and storage .................................. 652.6 651.9 654.4 652.4 658.7 655.9 657.1 658.7 658.4 659.1 .7

Utilities ................................................................... 557.9 556.5 558.3 563.5 554.5 557.0 558.2 557.7 557.5 558.8 1.3

Information ................................................................ 3,055 3,003 3,009 3,020 3,033 3,016 3,013 3,007 3,004 3,000 -4

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 902.9 880.8 876.0 878.2 899.4 886.8 882.9 882.8 879.5 877.2 -2.3

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 397.9 379.9 388.1 396.6 384.4 380.1 383.0 382.5 382.5 382.7 .2

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 327.3 320.5 321.3 320.2 326.4 322.1 322.5 320.8 321.1 319.7 -1.4

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,027.4 1,017.0 1,018.3 1,019.9 1,027.1 1,022.0 1,020.1 1,018.0 1,018.3 1,018.5 .2

Data processing, hosting and related services . 272.4 274.1 274.6 273.9 270.3 274.2 272.3 272.2 272.2 272.0 -.2

Other information services ................................. 127.1 131.0 130.4 131.4 125.7 131.2 131.9 130.7 130.1 130.2 .1

Financial activities .................................................... 8,383 8,206 8,227 8,278 8,317 8,231 8,231 8,229 8,226 8,216 -10

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,179.1 6,099.6 6,095.9 6,110.3 6,153.0 6,102.2 6,103.4 6,103.8 6,099.7 6,089.6 -10.1

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 21.6 21.1 21.1 21.0 21.4 20.9 20.9 21.1 21.0 20.9 -.1

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,901.7 2,807.3 2,803.4 2,806.9 2,886.4 2,820.4 2,811.8 2,807.9 2,801.7 2,796.5 -5.2

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,825.3 1,820.0 1,819.8 1,824.4 1,818.2 1,823.3 1,821.6 1,822.9 1,821.2 1,820.1 -1.1

Commercial banking .................................... 1,347.6 1,342.7 1,343.0 1,348.4 1,343.0 1,344.9 1,343.4 1,344.2 1,344.3 1,345.0 .7

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 850.2 866.9 863.3 869.0 849.5 862.5 865.8 867.2 866.9 866.3 -.6

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,317.9 2,316.7 2,321.1 2,325.7 2,308.4 2,311.1 2,318.4 2,319.7 2,322.6 2,318.1 -4.5

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 87.7 87.6 87.0 87.7 87.3 87.3 86.5 87.9 87.5 87.8 .3

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,204.2 2,106.4 2,130.7 2,167.9 2,163.8 2,128.6 2,127.8 2,124.9 2,126.4 2,125.9 -.5

Real estate .......................................................... 1,517.3 1,455.5 1,466.8 1,491.7 1,494.7 1,466.0 1,465.0 1,465.7 1,466.9 1,466.6 -.3

Rental and leasing services ............................... 656.9 619.3 633.0 644.1 639.2 631.0 631.1 627.4 628.2 627.7 -.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 30.0 31.6 30.9 32.1 29.9 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.3 31.6 .3

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 June 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

 June 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

Change

from:

May 2008-

June 2008p

Professional and business services ........................ 18,133 18,000 17,980 18,068 17,935 18,073 18,014 18,031 17,982 17,931 -51

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,640.6 7,916.9 7,774.8 7,830.5 7,645.4 7,829.2 7,823.5 7,845.6 7,840.0 7,854.8 14.8

Legal services .................................................. 1,196.6 1,166.5 1,169.4 1,188.9 1,178.5 1,174.9 1,172.6 1,172.5 1,172.0 1,172.3 .3

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 874.9 1,092.1 919.6 908.7 938.6 991.9 983.3 986.1 975.4 979.2 3.8

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,453.8 1,452.1 1,463.6 1,483.1 1,433.6 1,463.0 1,461.8 1,464.9 1,464.3 1,467.3 3.0

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,361.7 1,400.1 1,406.2 1,417.9 1,358.3 1,393.5 1,391.3 1,403.9 1,408.7 1,414.4 5.7

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 949.3 997.1 1,005.6 1,012.5 945.4 992.7 997.0 1,001.3 1,006.1 1,013.1 7.0

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,855.8 1,828.4 1,832.9 1,849.1 1,842.6 1,844.7 1,839.7 1,841.0 1,840.9 1,844.6 3.7

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,636.2 8,254.7 8,372.6 8,388.3 8,446.8 8,398.6 8,351.2 8,344.4 8,301.2 8,231.6 -69.6

1 Administrative and support services ................. 8,273.6 7,891.6 8,005.5 8,014.9 8,090.8 8,036.1 7,987.3 7,978.9 7,934.7 7,864.5 -70.2

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,646.2 3,380.1 3,398.8 3,386.0 3,602.5 3,531.6 3,483.7 3,462.2 3,421.2 3,362.3 -58.9

Temporary help services ............................. 2,633.6 2,419.3 2,436.5 2,439.2 2,603.3 2,536.8 2,506.0 2,487.1 2,455.2 2,424.8 -30.4

Business support services .............................. 802.3 795.2 790.9 779.0 804.1 796.6 794.1 792.8 788.0 784.0 -4.0

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,977.1 1,859.9 1,950.3 1,993.9 1,851.4 1,859.7 1,857.3 1,864.6 1,867.7 1,870.6 2.9

Waste management and remediation services 362.6 363.1 367.1 373.4 356.0 362.5 363.9 365.5 366.5 367.1 .6

Education and health services ................................ 18,137 18,924 18,867 18,633 18,314 18,665 18,709 18,757 18,801 18,830 29

Educational services ............................................. 2,733.7 3,192.1 3,079.5 2,823.9 2,952.9 3,009.6 3,018.6 3,030.5 3,037.7 3,053.0 15.3

Health care and social assistance ........................15,403.5 15,731.5 15,787.2 15,808.7 15,361.4 15,655.0 15,690.5 15,726.1 15,763.5 15,777.2 13.7

3 Health care ......................................................... 12,966.0 13,213.1 13,254.6 13,308.6 12,930.8 13,172.7 13,202.3 13,236.3 13,264.7 13,279.2 14.5

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,472.4 5,627.9 5,643.9 5,668.4 5,462.1 5,600.0 5,612.5 5,632.8 5,643.6 5,656.8 13.2

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,199.1 2,254.4 2,261.9 2,272.9 2,194.8 2,248.2 2,251.7 2,259.6 2,265.4 2,271.7 6.3

Outpatient care centers ................................ 506.4 515.9 516.3 516.6 505.2 512.0 511.9 514.9 515.8 516.5 .7

Home health care services .......................... 912.3 944.6 947.7 954.4 911.7 939.5 943.3 946.1 947.9 951.0 3.1

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,526.8 4,602.1 4,623.9 4,646.2 4,513.4 4,592.8 4,606.4 4,616.2 4,632.8 4,635.9 3.1

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 2,966.8 2,983.1 2,986.8 2,994.0 2,955.3 2,979.9 2,983.4 2,987.3 2,988.3 2,986.5 -1.8

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,601.7 1,607.2 1,610.2 1,611.4 1,597.6 1,613.3 1,609.6 1,610.7 1,611.0 1,608.8 -2.2

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,437.5 2,518.4 2,532.6 2,500.1 2,430.6 2,482.3 2,488.2 2,489.8 2,498.8 2,498.0 -.8

Child day care services ................................... 845.8 878.2 885.2 849.3 849.1 858.6 861.8 858.1 862.6 856.6 -6.0

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 14,049 13,581 13,902 14,272 13,461 13,660 13,676 13,690 13,699 13,723 24

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 2,232.0 1,971.0 2,093.5 2,275.3 1,975.0 2,019.1 2,025.7 2,021.1 2,020.4 2,023.0 2.6

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 433.7 441.3 458.7 469.9 412.1 431.0 433.9 436.4 439.4 443.3 3.9

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 142.8 129.8 137.9 142.9 130.6 131.7 133.4 132.6 133.7 132.3 -1.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,655.5 1,399.9 1,496.9 1,662.5 1,432.3 1,456.4 1,458.4 1,452.1 1,447.3 1,447.4 .1

Accommodation and food services ...................... 11,817.4 11,610.4 11,808.6 11,996.3 11,486.1 11,640.7 11,650.7 11,668.7 11,678.3 11,699.7 21.4

Accommodation .................................................. 1,941.4 1,804.8 1,850.3 1,935.3 1,853.2 1,854.4 1,849.4 1,853.0 1,850.4 1,855.4 5.0

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,876.0 9,805.6 9,958.3 10,061.0 9,632.9 9,786.3 9,801.3 9,815.7 9,827.9 9,844.3 16.4

Other services .......................................................... 5,573 5,532 5,552 5,603 5,496 5,517 5,522 5,525 5,528 5,527 -1

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,275.4 1,261.2 1,260.6 1,260.3 1,261.3 1,255.2 1,254.8 1,254.0 1,253.1 1,247.7 -5.4

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,323.4 1,316.9 1,327.0 1,331.7 1,304.3 1,306.4 1,308.5 1,309.9 1,310.3 1,312.4 2.1

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,973.8 2,953.6 2,964.5 3,011.1 2,930.8 2,955.6 2,959.0 2,961.4 2,964.9 2,966.8 1.9

Government .............................................................. 22,163 22,798 22,824 22,427 22,202 22,362 22,377 22,401 22,430 22,459 29

Federal ................................................................... 2,738 2,725 2,742 2,760 2,720 2,725 2,726 2,734 2,741 2,745 4

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,977.9 1,989.3 2,011.6 2,034.3 1,957.0 1,982.9 1,986.6 1,996.0 2,007.5 2,014.3 6.8

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 760.3 735.3 730.6 725.3 762.5 741.6 739.1 737.9 733.3 731.0 -2.3

State government .................................................. 4,920 5,310 5,214 4,997 5,126 5,158 5,157 5,170 5,171 5,186 15

State government education .............................. 2,092.9 2,487.8 2,382.4 2,135.2 2,319.7 2,332.9 2,332.9 2,340.8 2,342.5 2,349.4 6.9

State government, excluding education ............ 2,827.2 2,822.5 2,831.4 2,862.2 2,806.2 2,824.9 2,823.8 2,829.1 2,828.9 2,836.2 7.3

Local government .................................................. 14,505 14,763 14,868 14,670 14,356 14,479 14,494 14,497 14,518 14,528 10

Local government education ............................. 7,951.6 8,369.4 8,396.9 8,019.9 7,973.7 8,031.9 8,035.7 8,032.1 8,044.3 8,044.1 -.2

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,553.8 6,393.8 6,470.7 6,649.9 6,382.4 6,447.5 6,457.8 6,465.0 6,473.8 6,483.6 9.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care faciliti

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and

 tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://

www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 June 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

 June 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

Change

from:

May 2008-

June 2008p

Total private ....................................... 34.0 33.5 33.6 34.1 33.9 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 41.0 40.2 40.2 40.6 40.7 40.4 40.5 40.4 40.2 40.3 .1

Natural resources and mining .............................. 46.3 44.6 44.4 45.4 46.0 45.7 46.2 44.9 44.8 45.0 .2

Construction ............................................................ 39.7 38.4 38.6 39.4 39.1 38.7 38.9 38.9 38.6 38.8 .2

Manufacturing ......................................................... 41.5 41.0 40.8 41.1 41.4 41.1 41.2 41.0 40.9 40.8 -.1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.9 41.3 41.1 41.4 41.6 41.4 41.5 41.3 41.2 41.1 -.1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.5 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 .0

Wood products .................................................. 40.4 38.6 39.1 39.7 39.7 39.0 38.7 38.8 39.0 39.0 .0

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 43.0 42.2 42.5 41.7 42.4 42.1 43.1 42.2 42.1 41.1 -1.0

Primary metals .................................................. 43.3 42.2 42.0 43.0 43.3 42.4 42.9 42.4 42.2 42.6 .4

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.2 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.1 -.3

Machinery .......................................................... 42.6 42.6 42.2 42.2 42.6 43.0 42.7 42.5 42.2 42.1 -.1

Computer and electronic products ................ 40.7 40.9 40.9 41.5 40.5 40.5 41.0 41.1 41.0 41.2 .2

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 41.5 41.0 40.8 41.3 41.6 41.1 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.1 .0

Transportation equipment ............................... 43.6 42.5 41.9 42.3 43.4 42.9 42.3 42.3 42.0 42.0 .0

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 43.4 42.1 41.6 42.1 42.9 42.5 41.8 41.9 41.6 41.7 .1

Furniture and related products ....................... 39.5 38.3 38.5 39.0 39.1 38.2 38.7 38.7 38.9 38.9 .0

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 39.4 39.2 39.0 39.1 39.1 38.8 39.3 39.3 39.2 39.0 -.2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.9 40.4 40.3 40.6 40.9 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.5 40.4 -.1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 .0

Food manufacturing ......................................... 40.5 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.8 40.7 -.1

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 41.7 39.9 40.3 39.2 40.9 40.1 40.4 39.6 39.8 38.7 -1.1

Textile mills ........................................................ 40.6 38.3 38.7 39.4 40.5 38.8 38.8 38.4 38.9 39.0 .1

Textile product mills ......................................... 40.7 38.2 38.2 39.8 40.4 39.3 39.3 38.3 38.7 39.1 .4

Apparel ............................................................... 38.0 36.8 36.2 36.3 37.8 36.8 36.7 36.6 36.1 36.1 .0

Leather and allied products ............................ 38.2 38.9 38.5 38.6 38.0 38.2 38.7 38.6 38.5 38.4 -.1

Paper and paper products .............................. 43.1 43.2 42.1 42.9 43.0 43.9 43.6 43.3 42.6 43.0 .4

Printing and related support activities ........... 38.8 38.5 38.2 37.5 39.1 38.2 38.6 38.5 38.4 37.9 -.5

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 44.8 42.9 44.1 44.8 44.4 43.6 43.5 43.2 44.0 44.0 .0

Chemicals .......................................................... 41.9 41.3 40.9 41.6 42.0 41.4 41.9 41.3 41.2 41.4 .2

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.7 41.0 41.0 41.6 41.5 41.2 41.1 41.0 41.0 41.1 .1

Private service-providing ............................. 32.5 32.2 32.2 32.8 32.5 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.5 33.1 33.1 33.8 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.3 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.8 38.3 38.2 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.2 -.1

Retail trade ........................................................... 30.4 29.9 30.0 30.5 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.1 30.1 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 37.0 36.3 36.3 37.4 36.9 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.5 36.8 .3

Utilities ................................................................... 42.6 42.7 42.3 42.7 42.5 42.8 43.3 42.6 42.5 42.6 .1

Information ............................................................... 36.2 36.2 36.2 37.2 36.3 36.2 36.6 36.5 36.6 36.6 .0

Financial activities .................................................. 35.8 35.7 35.7 36.6 36.0 35.8 35.8 35.9 36.0 36.0 .0

Professional and business services .................... 34.9 34.8 34.8 35.4 34.8 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 .0

Education and health services ............................. 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.6 -.1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.9 25.2 25.3 26.1 25.6 25.3 25.3 25.4 25.4 25.4 .0

Other services ......................................................... 31.0 30.7 30.7 31.1 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.7 -.1

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining

and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and

nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.

These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the

total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 June 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

 June 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

Total private ....................................... $17.32 $17.91 $17.90 $17.98 $588.88 $599.99 $601.44 $613.12

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.41 17.89 17.95 18.01 590.20 604.68 604.92 606.94

Goods-producing .......................................... 18.70 19.06 19.13 19.25 766.70 766.21 769.03 781.55

Natural resources and mining .............................. 20.80 21.77 21.51 21.77 963.04 970.94 955.04 988.36

Construction ............................................................ 20.92 21.48 21.59 21.65 830.52 824.83 833.37 853.01

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.28 17.63 17.64 17.73 717.12 722.83 719.71 728.70

Durable goods ..................................................... 18.23 18.56 18.58 18.70 763.84 766.53 763.64 774.18

Wood products .................................................. 13.71 13.96 14.08 14.11 553.88 538.86 550.53 560.17

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 17.15 17.12 16.89 17.09 737.45 722.46 717.83 712.65

Primary metals .................................................. 19.70 20.20 20.23 20.15 853.01 852.44 849.66 866.45

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.46 16.81 16.84 16.96 686.38 699.30 697.18 698.75

Machinery .......................................................... 17.60 17.88 18.00 17.91 749.76 761.69 759.60 755.80

Computer and electronic products ................ 19.96 20.90 21.06 21.16 812.37 854.81 861.35 878.14

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 16.10 15.76 15.71 15.77 668.15 646.16 640.97 651.30

Transportation equipment ............................... 23.17 23.52 23.53 23.77 1,010.21 999.60 985.91 1,005.47

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.40 14.45 14.46 14.50 568.80 553.44 556.71 565.50

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.74 14.97 14.97 15.16 580.76 586.82 583.83 592.76

Nondurable goods ............................................... 15.64 16.03 16.04 16.10 639.68 647.61 646.41 653.66

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.52 13.86 13.89 13.93 547.56 559.94 565.32 566.95

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 18.20 19.26 19.24 18.73 758.94 768.47 775.37 734.22

Textile mills ........................................................ 12.98 13.45 13.50 13.57 526.99 515.14 522.45 534.66

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.83 11.78 11.85 11.99 481.48 450.00 452.67 477.20

Apparel ............................................................... 10.96 11.51 11.42 11.42 416.48 423.57 413.40 414.55

Leather and allied products ............................ 11.98 12.63 13.05 12.80 457.64 491.31 502.43 494.08

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.47 18.58 18.70 18.79 796.06 802.66 787.27 806.09

Printing and related support activities ........... 16.00 16.64 16.65 16.90 620.80 640.64 636.03 633.75

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 24.54 27.12 26.99 26.91 1,099.39 1,163.45 1,190.26 1,205.57

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.62 19.39 19.37 19.40 822.08 800.81 792.23 807.04

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.40 15.77 15.72 15.73 642.18 646.57 644.52 654.37

Private service-providing ............................. 16.96 17.62 17.59 17.66 551.20 567.36 566.40 579.25

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.74 16.16 16.14 16.20 527.29 534.90 534.23 547.56

Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.44 20.01 19.92 20.04 744.55 764.38 760.94 777.55

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.75 12.90 12.90 12.87 387.60 385.71 387.00 392.54

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.74 18.28 18.35 18.55 656.38 663.56 666.11 693.77

Utilities ................................................................... 27.47 28.69 28.84 28.92 1,170.22 1,225.06 1,219.93 1,234.88

Information ............................................................... 23.71 24.52 24.62 24.69 858.30 887.62 891.24 918.47

Financial activities .................................................. 19.53 20.22 20.20 20.22 699.17 721.85 721.14 740.05

Professional and business services .................... 19.96 20.84 20.81 21.18 696.60 725.23 724.19 749.77

Education and health services ............................. 18.02 18.63 18.63 18.69 585.65 603.61 605.48 611.16

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.30 10.80 10.83 10.79 266.77 272.16 274.00 281.62

Other services ......................................................... 15.36 15.82 15.85 15.86 476.16 485.67 486.60 493.25

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total Private:

 June 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

Percent

change from:

May 2008-

June 2008 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.41 $17.81 $17.87 $17.89 $17.95 $18.01 0.3

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.32 8.29 8.28 8.27 8.24 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.68 19.04 19.12 19.12 19.17 19.24 .4

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 20.89 21.69 22.01 21.61 21.64 21.88 1.1

Construction ............................................................................ 20.94 21.47 21.56 21.60 21.69 21.72 .1

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.28 17.55 17.61 17.62 17.66 17.73 .4

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.43 16.74 16.79 16.80 16.86 16.92 .4

Durable goods ..................................................................... 18.23 18.49 18.54 18.58 18.61 18.69 .4

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.65 15.94 16.03 15.99 16.05 16.12 .4

Private service-providing ............................................. 17.08 17.50 17.55 17.58 17.64 17.71 .4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.77 16.07 16.11 16.11 16.17 16.18 .1

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.55 20.00 20.03 20.05 20.06 20.09 .1

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.75 12.84 12.86 12.85 12.89 12.87 -.2

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.73 18.21 18.25 18.33 18.42 18.49 .4

Utilities ................................................................................... 27.75 28.58 28.77 28.56 28.87 29.08 .7

Information ............................................................................... 23.94 24.41 24.53 24.50 24.66 24.71 .2

Financial activities .................................................................. 19.67 20.05 20.11 20.16 20.22 20.23 .0

Professional and business services .................................... 20.11 20.63 20.74 20.84 20.90 21.11 1.0

Education and health services ............................................. 18.06 18.59 18.61 18.64 18.70 18.75 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.39 10.73 10.74 10.79 10.83 10.88 .5

Other services ......................................................................... 15.40 15.76 15.77 15.79 15.82 15.86 .3

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was -0.4 percent from Apr. 2008 to May 2008, the latest

month available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate

of time and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 June 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

 June 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

Percent

change from:

May 2008-

June 2008p

Total private ....................................... 109.1 106.1 107.1 109.4 107.6 107.3 107.6 107.5 107.1 107.0 -0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 105.0 96.9 98.2 100.3 102.3 99.6 99.5 98.6 97.8 97.7 -.1

Natural resources and mining .............................. 137.0 131.5 133.3 140.2 133.7 135.8 138.5 134.6 135.0 137.0 1.5

Construction ............................................................ 122.1 105.0 108.8 113.5 115.9 110.3 110.4 109.3 107.7 107.5 -.2

Manufacturing ......................................................... 95.8 91.8 91.6 92.8 94.8 93.2 93.1 92.2 91.9 91.4 -.5

Durable goods ..................................................... 99.4 94.8 94.4 95.5 97.8 96.1 95.9 94.8 94.4 94.0 -.4

Wood products .................................................. 94.8 81.9 82.4 84.3 91.2 84.9 83.3 83.2 81.9 81.3 -.7

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 102.1 94.9 96.6 96.0 98.1 95.7 97.7 95.6 94.6 92.3 -2.4

Primary metals .................................................. 92.5 90.3 89.0 91.4 92.1 89.9 91.3 90.3 89.3 90.1 .9

Fabricated metal products .............................. 105.4 103.3 102.9 102.2 104.5 104.6 104.5 103.3 103.0 101.4 -1.6

Machinery .......................................................... 104.0 104.1 103.3 103.6 103.4 105.4 104.5 103.9 103.0 102.5 -.5

Computer and electronic products ................ 102.6 102.6 102.2 103.8 101.6 101.8 102.9 103.1 102.4 102.3 -.1

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 89.7 87.8 87.7 89.9 89.5 87.8 88.4 88.3 88.6 88.9 .3

Transportation equipment ............................... 100.5 92.4 91.4 93.4 99.1 95.9 93.2 91.5 91.4 91.9 .5

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 89.3 77.8 76.8 78.8 87.2 82.0 78.6 76.6 76.4 77.1 .9

Furniture and related products ....................... 88.6 79.5 79.2 80.8 86.6 80.9 81.1 80.3 80.2 79.9 -.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 92.5 90.0 89.5 90.1 91.5 89.5 90.8 90.3 90.0 89.3 -.8

Nondurable goods ............................................... 90.3 86.9 87.2 88.5 89.7 88.4 88.6 88.0 87.9 87.4 -.6

Food manufacturing ......................................... 101.0 97.6 99.3 100.4 101.1 101.1 101.3 101.2 101.1 100.6 -.5

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 108.3 86.3 92.1 93.8 104.2 87.1 90.4 89.0 91.0 89.6 -1.5

Textile mills ........................................................ 57.2 49.5 50.1 49.6 56.6 51.6 51.0 49.5 49.6 48.8 -1.6

Textile product mills ......................................... 80.1 73.1 73.1 74.9 79.0 73.5 74.3 72.4 73.0 72.9 -.1

Apparel ............................................................... 63.3 56.7 55.7 56.8 61.6 57.8 56.4 56.4 55.2 55.1 -.2

Leather and allied products ............................ 69.7 72.2 73.5 74.5 68.8 70.4 70.5 71.9 72.3 73.6 1.8

Paper and paper products .............................. 86.6 86.1 83.9 86.2 85.8 87.4 87.0 86.8 85.2 85.7 .6

Printing and related support activities ........... 91.0 89.1 88.3 85.7 91.4 89.1 90.1 89.2 88.4 86.1 -2.6

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 99.8 93.5 98.7 104.3 96.0 98.2 96.6 95.7 97.7 98.7 1.0

Chemicals .......................................................... 94.4 96.0 95.7 98.4 93.9 95.5 97.1 95.9 96.3 96.8 .5

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 92.1 87.9 88.0 89.6 91.0 89.1 88.5 88.0 87.9 88.0 .1

Private service-providing ............................. 110.2 108.8 109.3 112.0 109.1 109.3 109.7 109.8 109.7 109.7 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 105.3 102.9 103.5 106.0 104.8 104.8 105.0 104.8 104.4 104.3 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 110.4 110.1 110.6 112.6 109.5 110.6 111.3 110.7 110.6 110.2 -.4

Retail trade ........................................................... 102.2 98.4 99.3 101.5 101.6 100.9 101.1 100.8 100.4 100.3 -.1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 109.8 107.9 108.6 111.8 109.0 109.5 109.5 109.5 108.8 109.4 .6

Utilities ................................................................... 97.5 97.7 97.2 99.4 96.6 97.7 99.2 97.8 97.6 98.3 .7

Information ............................................................... 100.1 99.1 99.5 102.6 99.6 99.6 100.5 100.0 100.3 100.0 -.3

Financial activities .................................................. 109.6 107.7 108.0 111.7 109.2 108.2 108.3 108.7 108.9 108.8 -.1

Professional and business services .................... 116.9 115.7 115.6 118.3 115.3 115.5 115.7 116.1 115.6 115.3 -.3

Education and health services ............................. 111.2 115.7 115.7 115.1 112.6 114.8 115.4 115.4 116.0 115.8 -.2

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 118.3 110.9 114.1 121.0 111.7 111.8 111.9 112.6 112.6 112.8 .2

Other services ......................................................... 101.3 99.4 99.9 102.1 99.3 99.5 99.9 99.6 99.6 99.3 -.3

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by

dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by

the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours

estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours

and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 June 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

 June 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008p

 June 

2008p

Percent

change from:

May 2008-

June 2008p

Total private ....................................... 126.3 127.0 128.1 131.4 125.1 127.7 128.4 128.5 128.4 128.8 0.3

Goods-producing .......................................... 120.2 113.1 115.0 118.3 117.0 116.1 116.5 115.5 114.9 115.1 .2

Natural resources and mining .............................. 165.8 166.5 166.8 177.5 162.5 171.2 177.2 169.1 169.9 174.4 2.6

Construction ............................................................ 137.9 121.8 126.8 132.6 131.0 127.9 128.5 127.5 126.2 126.1 -.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 108.3 105.9 105.7 107.6 107.2 107.0 107.2 106.3 106.1 106.0 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................... 113.1 109.9 109.5 111.5 111.3 111.0 111.0 110.0 109.7 109.7 .0

Nondurable goods ............................................... 99.8 98.4 98.9 100.6 99.2 99.6 100.4 99.4 99.7 99.6 -.1

Private service-providing ............................. 128.2 131.4 131.9 135.6 127.8 131.2 132.0 132.3 132.7 133.2 .4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 118.3 118.6 119.1 122.5 117.9 120.1 120.7 120.5 120.4 120.4 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................... 126.4 129.8 129.8 132.9 126.1 130.3 131.3 130.8 130.8 130.4 -.3

Retail trade ........................................................... 111.6 108.8 109.8 112.0 111.0 111.0 111.4 111.1 110.9 110.7 -.2

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 123.5 125.1 126.4 131.6 122.6 126.4 126.8 127.4 127.1 128.4 1.0

Utilities ................................................................... 111.8 116.9 116.9 120.0 111.9 116.5 119.1 116.6 117.6 119.3 1.4

Information ............................................................... 117.5 120.3 121.2 125.4 118.0 120.3 122.1 121.3 122.4 122.4 .0

Financial activities .................................................. 132.4 134.7 134.9 139.6 132.8 134.1 134.6 135.5 136.1 136.1 .0

Professional and business services .................... 138.9 143.5 143.1 149.1 137.9 141.8 142.8 143.9 143.7 144.8 .8

Education and health services ............................. 131.7 141.7 141.7 141.4 133.6 140.3 141.2 141.4 142.6 142.7 .1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 138.3 136.0 140.3 148.3 131.8 136.2 136.5 138.0 138.5 139.4 .6

Other services ......................................................... 113.3 114.6 115.4 118.0 111.4 114.2 114.8 114.6 114.9 114.7 -.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated

by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2004 ......................................................... 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7

2006 ......................................................... 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5

2008 ......................................................... 45.4 41.4 47.4 45.6 p 45.6 p 46.9

2004 ......................................................... 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4

2007 ......................................................... 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4

2008 ......................................................... 46.7 42.7 42.3 44.0 p 42.3 p 41.6

2004 ......................................................... 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0

2005 ......................................................... 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0

2006 ......................................................... 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8

2008 ......................................................... 51.5 49.8 44.7 46.5 p 43.2 p 40.9

2004 ......................................................... 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8

2005 ......................................................... 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5

2007 ......................................................... 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7

2008 ......................................................... 53.8 54.6 52.6 50.4 p 47.3 p 47.4

2004 ......................................................... 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9

2005 ......................................................... 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3

2007 ......................................................... 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3

2008 ......................................................... 40.5 28.6 38.1 35.1 p 41.7 p 33.3

2004 ......................................................... 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4

2006 ......................................................... 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5

2007 ......................................................... 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7

2008 ......................................................... 35.7 27.4 26.8 29.2 p 27.4 p 31.0

2004 ......................................................... 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3

2006 ......................................................... 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8

2007 ......................................................... 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7

2008 ......................................................... 34.5 33.9 32.1 28.0 p 23.8 p 21.4

2004 ......................................................... 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6

2005 ......................................................... 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1

2006 ......................................................... 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9

2008 ......................................................... 29.8 29.8 29.8 24.4 p 26.2 p 26.8

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment

and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.

See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.