For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, August 11, 2010 USDL-10-1103

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2010

There were 2.9 million job openings on the last business day of June 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. The job openings rate was unchanged over the month at 2.2 percent. The hires 

rate (3.3 percent) and the separations rate (3.3 percent) were little changed. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by 

industry and geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings in June was 2.9 million, which was little changed from May. Although the 

month-to-month change is small, the number of job openings has risen by 599,000 (26 percent) since the 

most recent series trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. Even with the gains since July 2009, the number of 

job openings remained well below the 4.4 million open jobs when the recession began in December 

2007 (as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research). (See table 1.) 

The number of job openings in June (not seasonally adjusted) increased from 12 months earlier for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. The job openings level increased in many industries and in 2 of 

the 4 regions—Midwest and South. The level was little changed over the year in the Northeast and 

West. (See table 5.) 

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

July 2007 - June 2010

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

July 2007 - June 2010

Hires

Separations

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.
- 2 - 

Hires

In June, the hires rate was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm at 3.3 percent. There were 4.3 million 

hires in June for total nonfarm, 398,000 (10 percent) higher than its most recent trough in June 2009. 

Hires remain below the 5.0 million hires in December 2007 when the recession began. The hires rate did 

not increase in June for any industry or region; the rate fell in government and in the South region. (See 

table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in June, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) rose for total nonfarm, total 

private, and government. The hires rate increased over the past 12 months in many industries and in the 

Midwest region. The rate fell over the year in other services. (See table 6.)

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry June May June June May June June May June

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total ......................................................2,519 2,939 2,937 3,856 4,581 4,254 4,310 4,146 4,351

Total private 1....................................... 2,197 2,597 2,544 3,580 3,846 3,931 3,968 3,816 3,811

Construction....................................... 59 79 55 268 321 290 352 340 313

Manufacturing.................................... 110 205 227 217 266 262 351 238 258

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 472 452 441 758 819 876 823 800 862

Retail trade..................................... 322 274 267 519 567 593 547 574 593

Professional and business services......... 396 601 521 640 805 833 722 806 750

Education and health services............... 517 512 510 528 479 510 496 446 482

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 276 288 317 689 678 695 706 707 664

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 19 41 50 103 105 117 112 122 91

Accommodation and food services...... 258 247 267 586 573 578 594 585 572

Government 3..................................... 322 342 393 276 735 323 343 331 540

 State and local government.................. 271 237 246 251 246 252 264 263 269

Total ...................................................... 1.9 2.2 2.2 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3

Total private 1....................................... 2.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5

Construction....................................... 1.0 1.4 1.0 4.4 5.7 5.2 5.8 6.1 5.6

Manufacturing.................................... 0.9 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.2 3.0 2.0 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 1.9 1.8 1.8 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.5

Retail trade.................................... 2.2 1.9 1.8 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.1

Professional and business services......... 2.4 3.5 3.0 3.9 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.8 4.5

Education and health services............... 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 2.1 2.2 2.4 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 1.0 2.1 2.5 5.4 5.5 6.1 5.9 6.5 4.7

Accommodation and food services...... 2.2 2.2 2.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1

Government 3..................................... 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.2 3.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 2.4

 State and local government.................. 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate in 

June was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm and total private but rose for government. The total 

separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending in June for total 

nonfarm and total private but rose for government. (See tables 3 and 7.)

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In June, the quits 

rate was unchanged at 1.5 percent for total nonfarm and was little changed in every industry except 

government, where it rose. The quits rate fell in June in the Midwest region. (See table 4.) The number 

of quits for total nonfarm fell by 1.4 million between the November 2006 peak and the September 2009 

trough. Since September 2009, the number of quits has risen by 245,000. 

Over the 12 months ending in June, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. The quits rate increased over the 12 months ending in June in 

finance and insurance, real estate and rental and leasing, professional and business services, and federal 

government due to quits of some temporary Census 2010 workers. (See table 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was essentially unchanged in June 

for total nonfarm and total private but increased for government. The number of layoffs and discharges 

for total nonfarm peaked at 2.6 million in January 2009, falling to 2.0 million in June 2010. The number 

of layoffs and discharges for total private in June (1,693,000) was below the level when the recession 

began (1,718,000). In government, the number of layoffs and discharges in June (341,000) was higher 

than when the recession began (117,000) due to the release of temporary Census 2010 workers in May 

and June. (See table B below.)

The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending 

in June for total nonfarm and total private but rose for government. The layoffs and discharges rate fell

over the year in a few industries but rose sharply in federal government, reflecting the layoffs of 

temporary Census 2010 workers. The layoffs and discharges rate declined over the year in the Northeast 

region. (See table 9.) 

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In June, there were 387,000 other separations for 

total nonfarm, 258,000 for total private, and 129,000 for government. Compared to June 2009, the 

number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and total private but increased for 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total...............................................................2,224 1,904 2,034 1.7 1.5 1.6

Total private...................................................2,039 1,736 1,693 1.9 1.6 1.6

Government................................................... 185 169 341 0.8 0.7 1.5

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates
- 4 - 

government. The rise in government other separations is due to state and local government where other 

separations rose from 82,000 in June 2009 to 123,000 in June 2010. (See table 10.) 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm 

level attributable to the individual components has varied over time, but for the majority of the series,

the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs and discharges. 

In June 2010, the proportion of quits was 45 percent and the proportion of layoffs and discharges was 47 

percent for total nonfarm. For total private, the proportions were relatively steady in June at 48 percent

quits and 44 percent layoffs and discharges. In contrast, the proportion of quits in government declined 

from 31 percent in May to 23 percent in June, and the proportion of layoffs increased from 51 percent in 

May to 63 percent in June as temporary Census 2010 workers completed their work. (Computed using 

values from tables 3 and 4, and table B above.) 

Net Change in Employment

Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 49.8 million and separations totaled 50.0 million, 

yielding a net employment loss of 0.2 million.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for July 2010 are scheduled to be released

on Wednesday, September 8, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). 
Technical Note

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly 

from a sample of business establishments by the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Collection

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

Data collection methods include computer-assisted 

telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, web, fax, 

e-mail, and mail.

Coverage

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in 

the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Concepts

 Industry classification. The industry classifications 

in this release are in accordance with the 2007 version 

of the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible 

quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with 

employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, 

location, and ownership classification of all 

establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in 

establishment characteristics resulting from the 

verification process are always introduced into the 

JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year.

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, 

salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are 

employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. 

Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, 

unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay 

or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as 

employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and 

consultants are counted by their employer of record, 

not by the establishment where they are working.

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific 

position exists and there is work available for that 

position, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless 

of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the 

employer is actively recruiting from outside the 

establishment to fill the position. Included are fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

openings. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a position by 

advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting 

help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using 

other similar methods.

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, 

promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are 

excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more 

than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees 

have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and 

jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or 

promotions within the reporting site, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies or employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed 

by dividing the number of hires by employment and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time 

during the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported 

as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings 

or other discharges for cause; terminations of 

permanent or short-term employees; and terminations 

of seasonal employees. Other separations include 

retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and 

separations due to disability. Separations do not 

include transfers within the same location or employees 

on strike.
 The separations rate is computed by dividing the 

number of separations by employment and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, 

and other separations rates are computed similarly, 

dividing the number by employment and multiplying 

by 100.

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and 

levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations are released with the 

January news release each year.

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels 

are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS 

practices, annual estimates are published only for not 

seasonally adjusted data.

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for 

job openings cannot be created by summing the 

monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow 

measures and are cumulated over the month with a 

total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual 

figures can be created by summing the monthly 

estimates.

Special collection procedures

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting 

separations from hires for a given month. Aggregating 

these monthly changes historically produced 

employment levels that overstated employment change 

as measured by CES at the total nonfarm level. 

Research into this problem showed that a significant 

amount of the divergence between the CES 

employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government 

Education industry. In the former industry, businesses 

have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of 

temporary help workers. In the latter industry, 

employers have difficulty reporting hires and 

separations of student workers. BLS now devotes 

additional resources to the collection, editing, and 

review of data for these industries. BLS analysts more 

closely examine reported data that do not provide a 

consistent picture over time, and re-contact the 

respondents as necessary. Analysts work with the 

respondents to adjust their reporting practices as 

possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but are 

clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, they 

are replaced by imputed values using standard

techniques.

Sample and estimation methodology

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including 

factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, 

and local governments in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled 

as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW), program. This 

program includes all employers subject to state 

Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal 

agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for 

Federal Employees (UCFE).

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units 

drawn on an annual basis. The full annual sample 

consists of one certainty panel composed of only large 

units selected with virtual certainty based on their size 

and 24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new noncertainty panel is rolled into collection, and the oldest 

non-certainty panel is rolled out. This means that at 

any given time the JOLTS sample is constructed from 

panels from three different annual sampling frames. 

The entire sample of old plus new panels is poststratified and re-weighted annually to represent the 

most recent sampling frame. Additionally, the out-ofbusiness establishments are removed from the old 

panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample.

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES 

to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for 

all other JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can 

only be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag 

from the birth of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many of these new units may fail within the 
first year. Since these universe units cannot be 

reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from these units during their early 

existence. BLS has developed a model to estimate 

birth/death activity for current months by examining 

the birth/death activity from previous years on the 

QCEW and projecting forward to the present using an 

econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires 

and separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the estimated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate the 

number of hires and separations taking place in these 

units that cannot be measured through sampling. 

 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to 

their contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the 

modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of 

openings to hires in the collected data and applying that 

ratio to the modeled hires. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are then added to the sample-based 

estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 

estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using 

the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. 

Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and 

removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such 

as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of 

the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to 

observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, 

particularly those associated with general economic 

expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal 

adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all 

relevant data, up to and including the data for the 

current month.

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the 

seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of 

the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the 

series.

Alignment procedure

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable 

to the CES net employment change. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. The Monthly 

Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends 

to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trend (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are 

seasonally adjusted and the difference between the 

JOLTS implied employment trend and the CES net 

employment change is calculated. Next, the JOLTS 

implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the CES 

net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will 

receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and 

separations will receive 60 percent of the needed 

adjustment. The adjusted hires and separations are 

converted back to not seasonally adjusted data by 

reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the monthly alignment method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the 

JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. 

The CES series is considered a highly accurate 

measure of net employment change owing to its very 

large sample size and annual benchmarking to universe 

counts of employment from the QCEW program.

Using JOLTS data

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is 

divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each 

month. A full complement of panels for the original 

data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial 

Classification (SIC) system was not completely 

enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The 

supplemental panels of establishments needed to create 

NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until 

May 2003. The data collected up until those points are 

from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from 

earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time.

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires 

and separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and 

separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 

may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 

and later.
 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the 

new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected 

in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the 

federal government. The Office of Personnel 

Management's record shows these transfers were 

completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers 

in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is 

intended to cover ongoing movements of workers 

between establishments. The Department of Homeland 

Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, 

and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers 

would distort the federal government time series.

Reliability of the estimates

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the 

entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the 

sample estimates may differ from the "true" population 

values they represent. The exact difference, or 

sampling error, varies depending on the particular 

sample selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is 

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent 

chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based 

on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of 

sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons, including the failure to include a 

segment of the population, the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample, the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data, and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation.

Other information

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-

800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................2,519 2,854 2,647 2,785 3,302 2,939 2,937 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,197 2,471 2,266 2,363 2,675 2,597 2,544 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3

Construction.................................... 59 62 65 83 88 79 55 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.0

Manufacturing................................. 110 154 167 180 195 205 227 .9 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 472 395 453 470 456 452 441 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8

Retail trade................................. 322 255 297 305 292 274 267 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8

Professional and business services...... 396 424 409 423 550 601 521 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.0

Education and health services............ 517 624 502 536 561 512 510 2.6 3.1 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 276 268 285 257 274 288 317 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 19 19 19 24 24 41 50 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.5

Accommodation and food services... 258 250 266 232 250 247 267 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3

Government 6....................................... 322 383 381 421 627 342 393 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.7 1.5 1.7

State and local government............... 271 256 246 262 260 237 246 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 584 585 542 599 678 657 627 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.5

South............................................. 874 986 916 945 1,080 1,078 1,030 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1

Midwest.......................................... 500 613 566 573 664 568 608 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.0

West............................................. 568 648 682 707 821 689 624 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.1

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................3,856 4,087 4,011 4,331 4,292 4,581 4,254 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,580 3,790 3,710 3,970 3,935 3,846 3,931 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6

Construction.................................... 268 312 306 400 349 321 290 4.4 5.6 5.5 7.1 6.2 5.7 5.2

Manufacturing................................. 217 289 267 279 305 266 262 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 758 822 821 897 856 819 876 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5

Retail trade................................. 519 584 572 646 593 567 593 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.1

Professional and business services...... 640 729 767 744 780 805 833 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0

Education and health services............ 528 487 470 503 496 479 510 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 689 715 652 712 711 678 695 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 103 102 88 114 127 105 117 5.4 5.4 4.6 6.0 6.7 5.5 6.1

Accommodation and food services... 586 613 564 598 584 573 578 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.2

Government 6....................................... 276 297 301 360 357 735 323 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 3.2 1.4

State and local government............... 251 254 258 268 248 246 252 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 739 836 733 837 695 844 731 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.4 3.0

South............................................. 1,399 1,449 1,381 1,618 1,585 1,681 1,522 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.2

Midwest.......................................... 854 936 965 1,073 1,012 1,090 1,045 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.5

West............................................. 865 922 861 1,025 870 1,014 942 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.3

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 4,310 4,155 3,969 4,048 4,013 4,146 4,351 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 3,968 3,858 3,663 3,743 3,726 3,816 3,811 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Construction.................................... 352 405 362 365 345 340 313 5.8 7.2 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.6

Manufacturing................................. 351 276 260 245 249 238 258 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 823 856 806 866 803 800 862 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.5

Retail trade................................. 547 577 551 620 551 574 593 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.8 4.0 4.1

Professional and business services...... 722 698 716 699 733 806 750 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.5

Education and health services............ 496 457 440 455 475 446 482 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 706 709 621 677 684 707 664 5.4 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 112 111 78 119 114 122 91 5.9 5.9 4.1 6.3 6.0 6.5 4.7

Accommodation and food services... 594 598 543 558 570 585 572 5.3 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.1

Government 6.................................... 343 296 306 305 287 331 540 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.4

State and local government............... 264 269 273 268 248 263 269 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 778 789 730 821 690 734 694 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8

South............................................. 1,500 1,561 1,459 1,423 1,427 1,521 1,602 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4

Midwest.......................................... 881 988 858 895 948 988 912 3.0 3.4 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.1

West............................................. 978 1,034 954 920 944 920 907 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 1,830 1,772 1,851 1,918 1,972 1,929 1,961 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,727 1,661 1,719 1,802 1,871 1,828 1,836 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Construction.................................... 72 99 84 83 67 64 68 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing................................. 98 85 97 89 99 96 105 .8 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 408 368 432 424 442 438 437 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8

Retail trade................................. 308 266 333 316 330 338 329 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3

Professional and business services...... 268 259 300 315 323 330 331 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0

Education and health services............ 266 248 237 253 299 254 270 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 419 401 393 406 419 428 391 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 42 48 35 36 40 39 33 2.2 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.7

Accommodation and food services... 376 353 358 371 379 390 359 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.2

Government 6.................................... 103 112 132 117 101 101 125 .5 .5 .6 .5 .4 .4 .6

State and local government............... 99 106 121 105 93 88 101 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 302 268 320 325 332 286 341 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4

South............................................. 708 736 755 750 744 736 791 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

Midwest.......................................... 422 380 421 438 442 496 425 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4

West............................................. 461 362 434 406 429 433 438 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,452 2,932 2,867 1.8 2.2 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,113 2,595 2,461 1.9 2.3 2.2

Mining and logging.................................... 5 19 16 .8 2.6 2.2

Construction............................................. 63 91 59 1.0 1.6 1.0

Manufacturing.......................................... 106 209 228 .9 1.8 1.9

Durable goods....................................... 53 135 151 .7 1.9 2.1

Nondurable goods.................................... 53 74 77 1.1 1.6 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 459 443 432 1.8 1.8 1.7

Wholesale trade....................................... 91 124 103 1.6 2.2 1.8

Retail trade............................................. 303 257 245 2.0 1.8 1.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 65 62 85 1.3 1.3 1.7

Information................................................ 45 87 66 1.6 3.1 2.4

Financial activities...................................... 149 222 236 1.9 2.8 3.0

Finance and insurance.............................. 120 184 185 2.0 3.2 3.2

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 30 39 51 1.4 2.0 2.5

Professional and business services............... 370 602 492 2.2 3.5 2.8

Education and health services..................... 499 483 478 2.6 2.4 2.4

Educational services................................. 67 68 50 2.2 2.1 1.7

Health care and social assistance............... 432 414 428 2.6 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality................................. 265 318 315 1.9 2.3 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 18 51 49 .8 2.5 2.2

Accommodation and food services............ 247 267 265 2.1 2.3 2.2

Other services.......................................... 151 121 138 2.7 2.2 2.5

Government................................................ 339 338 406 1.5 1.4 1.8

Federal................................................... 40 99 135 1.4 2.8 4.0

State and local........................................... 299 239 271 1.5 1.2 1.4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 571 615 629 2.2 2.4 2.5

South...................................................... 832 1,061 1,018 1.7 2.2 2.1

Midwest................................................... 463 552 590 1.5 1.8 1.9

West...................................................... 586 704 630 2.0 2.4 2.1

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 4,468 4,931 4,946 3.4 3.8 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 4,112 4,181 4,517 3.8 3.9 4.2

Mining and logging.................................... 19 34 28 2.8 4.7 3.9

Construction............................................. 333 395 355 5.4 7.0 6.1

Manufacturing.......................................... 256 305 305 2.2 2.6 2.6

Durable goods....................................... 120 180 183 1.7 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods.................................... 135 125 123 3.0 2.8 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 776 850 908 3.1 3.4 3.7

Wholesale trade....................................... 121 132 133 2.2 2.4 2.4

Retail trade............................................. 535 592 623 3.7 4.1 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 120 126 153 2.5 2.7 3.2

Information................................................ 66 52 60 2.3 1.9 2.2

Financial activities...................................... 201 204 243 2.6 2.7 3.2

Finance and insurance.............................. 115 126 162 2.0 2.2 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 85 78 81 4.2 4.0 4.1

Professional and business services............... 661 845 890 4.0 5.1 5.3

Education and health services..................... 600 433 593 3.2 2.2 3.1

Educational services................................. 98 43 87 3.4 1.3 3.0

Health care and social assistance............... 501 390 505 3.1 2.4 3.1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 841 847 861 6.1 6.4 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 153 154 180 7.2 7.8 8.3

Accommodation and food services............ 688 693 680 6.0 6.1 5.9

Other services.......................................... 358 218 273 6.6 4.1 5.0

Government................................................ 356 749 429 1.6 3.2 1.9

Federal................................................... 29 490 89 1.0 14.4 2.8

State and local........................................... 327 260 340 1.7 1.3 1.7

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 909 886 906 3.6 3.6 3.6

South...................................................... 1,584 1,725 1,710 3.3 3.6 3.6

Midwest................................................... 983 1,229 1,236 3.3 4.1 4.1

West...................................................... 991 1,091 1,094 3.4 3.8 3.8

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 4,220 3,739 4,297 3.2 2.8 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,722 3,386 3,588 3.4 3.1 3.3

Mining and logging.................................... 20 16 16 2.9 2.2 2.3

Construction............................................. 311 282 265 5.0 5.0 4.6

Manufacturing.......................................... 314 207 233 2.7 1.8 2.0

Durable goods....................................... 191 116 131 2.6 1.6 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 123 91 102 2.7 2.0 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 745 738 789 3.0 3.0 3.2

Wholesale trade....................................... 119 104 111 2.1 1.9 2.0

Retail trade............................................. 498 534 551 3.4 3.7 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 128 100 128 2.7 2.1 2.7

Information................................................ 66 49 52 2.4 1.8 1.9

Financial activities...................................... 159 170 187 2.0 2.2 2.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 103 104 131 1.8 1.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 57 66 56 2.8 3.4 2.8

Professional and business services............... 662 691 690 4.0 4.2 4.1

Education and health services..................... 547 431 539 2.9 2.2 2.8

Educational services................................. 109 69 109 3.8 2.2 3.7

Health care and social assistance............... 438 362 430 2.7 2.2 2.6

Leisure and hospitality................................. 679 642 640 5.0 4.8 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 84 94 64 3.9 4.8 2.9

Accommodation and food services............ 595 548 577 5.2 4.8 5.0

Other services.......................................... 217 159 176 4.0 3.0 3.3

Government................................................ 498 353 708 2.2 1.5 3.1

Federal................................................... 79 66 270 2.8 1.9 8.4

State and local........................................... 419 287 438 2.1 1.4 2.2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 831 599 771 3.3 2.4 3.1

South...................................................... 1,509 1,445 1,654 3.2 3.0 3.5

Midwest................................................... 875 873 919 2.9 2.9 3.1

West...................................................... 1,005 821 952 3.4 2.8 3.3

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 1,859 1,892 2,026 1.4 1.4 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,722 1,780 1,863 1.6 1.7 1.7

Mining and logging.................................... 7 6 8 1.0 .9 1.1

Construction............................................. 77 60 72 1.2 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 94 90 105 .8 .8 .9

Durable goods....................................... 43 39 56 .6 .6 .8

Nondurable goods.................................... 50 51 49 1.1 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 391 440 425 1.6 1.8 1.7

Wholesale trade....................................... 48 44 56 .8 .8 1.0

Retail trade............................................. 296 351 318 2.0 2.4 2.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 48 45 51 1.0 1.0 1.1

Information................................................ 29 21 24 1.0 .8 .9

Financial activities...................................... 60 84 109 .8 1.1 1.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 45 54 72 .8 .9 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 15 30 37 .7 1.5 1.9

Professional and business services............... 268 329 347 1.6 2.0 2.1

Education and health services..................... 274 243 282 1.4 1.2 1.5

Educational services................................. 43 29 37 1.5 .9 1.3

Health care and social assistance............... 232 214 244 1.4 1.3 1.5

Leisure and hospitality................................. 417 413 390 3.1 3.1 2.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 45 37 34 2.1 1.9 1.5

Accommodation and food services............ 372 376 357 3.2 3.3 3.1

Other services.......................................... 105 94 101 1.9 1.8 1.9

Government................................................ 137 113 164 .6 .5 .7

Federal................................................... 4 14 25 .1 .4 .8

State and local........................................... 133 99 139 .7 .5 .7

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 290 261 350 1.2 1.0 1.4

South...................................................... 695 729 799 1.5 1.5 1.7

Midwest................................................... 394 472 405 1.3 1.6 1.4

West...................................................... 481 431 473 1.6 1.5 1.6

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,025 1,543 1,883 1.5 1.2 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,756 1,373 1,468 1.6 1.3 1.4

Mining and logging.................................... 11 8 5 1.6 1.1 .7

Construction............................................. 226 212 185 3.6 3.8 3.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 187 98 109 1.6 .8 .9

Durable goods....................................... 122 65 61 1.7 .9 .8

Nondurable goods.................................... 65 33 48 1.4 .7 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 310 229 300 1.2 .9 1.2

Wholesale trade....................................... 68 58 52 1.2 1.0 .9

Retail trade............................................. 170 129 191 1.2 .9 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 72 42 57 1.5 .9 1.2

Information................................................ 29 25 22 1.0 .9 .8

Financial activities...................................... 94 66 47 1.2 .9 .6

Finance and insurance.............................. 53 39 30 .9 .7 .5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 41 27 18 2.0 1.4 .9

Professional and business services............... 351 313 296 2.1 1.9 1.8

Education and health services..................... 215 161 213 1.1 .8 1.1

Educational services................................. 59 37 65 2.0 1.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance............... 156 124 148 1.0 .8 .9

Leisure and hospitality................................. 232 203 229 1.7 1.5 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 37 54 27 1.7 2.7 1.2

Accommodation and food services............ 195 150 203 1.7 1.3 1.8

Other services.......................................... 99 57 61 1.8 1.1 1.1

Government................................................ 269 170 416 1.2 .7 1.8

Federal................................................... 66 42 238 2.3 1.2 7.4

State and local........................................... 204 128 177 1.0 .6 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 461 293 335 1.9 1.2 1.3

South...................................................... 694 592 718 1.5 1.2 1.5

Midwest................................................... 418 333 426 1.4 1.1 1.4

West...................................................... 451 324 404 1.5 1.1 1.4

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

June May June June May June

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 335 304 387 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 244 233 258 .2 .2 .2

Mining and logging.................................... 2 2 3 .3 .2 .4

Construction............................................. 8 10 8 .1 .2 .1

Manufacturing.......................................... 34 19 19 .3 .2 .2

Durable goods....................................... 26 12 14 .4 .2 .2

Nondurable goods.................................... 8 7 5 .2 .2 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 43 69 65 .2 .3 .3

Wholesale trade....................................... 4 2 3 .1 (

4

) .1

Retail trade............................................. 31 54 42 .2 .4 .3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 9 13 21 .2 .3 .4

Information................................................ 7 3 6 .3 .1 .2

Financial activities...................................... 5 20 31 .1 .3 .4

Finance and insurance.............................. 4 11 29 .1 .2 .5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 1 9 2 (

4

) .5 .1

Professional and business services............... 43 49 47 .3 .3 .3

Education and health services..................... 58 27 44 .3 .1 .2

Educational services................................. 7 3 6 .3 .1 .2

Health care and social assistance............... 50 24 37 .3 .1 .2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 30 25 21 .2 .2 .1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 2 4 3 .1 .2 .2

Accommodation and food services............ 28 22 17 .2 .2 .1

Other services.......................................... 13 8 14 .2 .2 .3

Government................................................ 91 70 129 .4 .3 .6

Federal................................................... 9 11 6 .3 .3 .2

State and local........................................... 82 60 123 .4 .3 .6

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 81 45 86 .3 .2 .3

South...................................................... 119 125 137 .3 .3 .3

Midwest................................................... 63 68 89 .2 .2 .3

West...................................................... 72 66 75 .2 .2 .3

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. 4 Data round to zero. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region