For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 10, 2013 USDL-13-1834

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2013

There were 3.7 million job openings on the last business day of July, little changed from June, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.2 percent) and separations rate (3.0 percent)

also were little changed in July. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, 

hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region.

Job Openings

The number of job openings in July was 3.7 million, little changed from June. (See table 1.) The number 

of job openings was little changed in July in all industries and regions except professional and business 

services where the level dropped. 

The number of job openings in July (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. Increases in job openings in several industries were offset by 

decreases in job openings in several other industries, leading to little change at the total nonfarm level.

In the Midwest region, the number of job openings rose over the year. (See table 7.)

Hires

The number of hires in July was 4.4 million, essentially unchanged from June. The number of hires also 

was little changed for total private and government. Over the month, the hires level increased for health 

care and social assistance. The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Over the 12 months ending in July, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for

total nonfarm and government but rose for total private. The number of hires increased over the year in 

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

August 2010 - July 2013

2013 2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

August 2010 - July 2013

2013
- 2 -

finance and insurance, professional and business services, and federal government. The hires level rose

over the year in the South. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.1 million total separations in July, little changed from June. The number of total 

separations for total private also was little changed while the number fell in government, reflecting a 

decline in state and local government over the month.

In July, the quits rates were essentially unchanged at 1.7 percent for total nonfarm, 1.9 percent for total 

private, and 0.6 percent for government. The quits rate was little changed over the month for all 

industries and regions. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) rose over the 12 months ending in July for total nonfarm

and total private but was little changed for government. The number of quits rose in finance and 

insurance, professional and business services, and health care and social assistance. The rise in these 

three industries was partially offset by a decline in the number of quits in mining and logging and 

wholesale trade. The Midwest had a rise in the number of quits over the year but there was little change 

in the other three regions. (See table 10.)

The layoffs and discharges rate was essentially unchanged in July at 1.1 percent. The rates were little 

changed over the month for total private (1.2 percent) and government (0.4 percent). The rate was little 

changed in July for all four regions. Seasonally adjusted estimates of layoffs and discharges are not 

available for individual industries. (See table 5.)

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending 

in July for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Over the year, the number of layoffs and 

discharges decreased in construction. The level was essentially unchanged in all four regions. (See table 

11.)

In July, there were 328,000 other separations for total nonfarm, a decline from June. The number of 

other separations decreased over the month for total private and government. Seasonally adjusted 

estimates of other separations are not available for individual industries or regions. (See table 6.) Over 

the 12 months ending in July, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and

total private but decreased for government. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July 2013, hires totaled 52.1 million 
- 3 -

and separations totaled 50.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.9 million. These figures 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2013 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, October 8, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total.................................................... 3,499 3,869 3,689 4,171 4,318 4,419 3,978 4,228 4,109

Total private1....................................... 3,118 3,459 3,284 3,893 4,036 4,133 3,686 3,913 3,835

Construction...................................... 70 120 100 362 309 308 354 310 298

Manufacturing.................................... 271 210 237 237 225 234 222 224 234

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 566 712 662 843 842 893 795 789 813

Retail trade..................................... 314 473 423 561 586 622 540 549 562

Professional and business services........... 625 685 569 823 928 935 766 891 833

Education and health services3

............... 657 665 636 486 470 519 448 480 490

Health care and social assistance.......... 572 598 577 414 403 446 383 413 427

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 461 483 496 723 793 760 693 740 721

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 52 49 46 111 133 107 106 107 109

Accommodation and food services......... 409 434 451 612 660 652 587 633 612

Government4....................................... 380 411 405 278 282 286 293 315 274

State and local................................... 331 356 351 260 253 259 262 281 242

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total.................................................... 2.5 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0

Total private1

....................................... 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4

Construction...................................... 1.2 2.0 1.7 6.4 5.3 5.3 6.3 5.3 5.1

Manufacturing.................................... 2.2 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 2.2 2.7 2.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.1

Retail trade..................................... 2.1 3.0 2.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7

Professional and business services........... 3.4 3.6 3.0 4.6 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.8 4.5

Education and health services3............... 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.4

Health care and social assistance.......... 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 3.2 3.3 3.4 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 2.6 2.3 2.2 5.6 6.5 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.4

Accommodation and food services......... 3.4 3.5 3.6 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.0

Government4

....................................... 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local................................... 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3

1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

Total............................................. 3,499 3,875 3,800 3,907 3,869 3,689 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,118 3,473 3,400 3,479 3,459 3,284 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8

Construction............................... 70 108 99 102 120 100 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.7

Manufacturing............................. 271 271 243 237 210 237 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 566 669 715 784 712 662 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5

Retail trade.............................. 314 424 455 514 473 423 2.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.7

Professional and business services. . .. 625 692 731 632 685 569 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.0

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 657 687 662 660 665 636 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

Health care and social assistance. .. 572 621 600 602 598 577 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 461 500 468 477 483 496 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 52 64 57 59 49 46 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.2

Accommodation and food services... 409 436 410 419 434 451 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.6

Government7

................................ 380 402 401 428 411 405 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8

State and local............................ 331 344 330 367 356 351 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 640 699 638 654 658 611 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3

South.......................................... 1,312 1,501 1,525 1,555 1,504 1,400 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8

Midwest....................................... 779 825 805 886 918 857 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.7

West........................................... 767 850 831 812 789 821 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,171 4,227 4,395 4,490 4,318 4,419 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,893 3,931 4,100 4,206 4,036 4,133 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6

Construction............................... 362 320 283 317 309 308 6.4 5.5 4.9 5.5 5.3 5.3

Manufacturing............................. 237 201 222 239 225 234 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 843 821 868 889 842 893 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4

Retail trade.............................. 561 562 598 620 586 622 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.1

Professional and business services. . .. 823 831 912 890 928 935 4.6 4.5 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.0

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 486 520 544 541 470 519 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance. .. 414 443 465 468 403 446 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 723 776 809 802 793 760 5.3 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 111 123 123 124 133 107 5.6 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.5 5.3

Accommodation and food services... 612 653 686 678 660 652 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.4

Government7

................................ 278 295 295 284 282 286 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local............................ 260 264 262 258 253 259 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 669 722 742 724 671 678 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.6

South.......................................... 1,635 1,640 1,720 1,760 1,714 1,782 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6

Midwest....................................... 936 907 952 1,036 945 986 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.2

West........................................... 930 959 981 971 988 973 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

Total.............................................. 3,978 4,123 4,287 4,381 4,228 4,109 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,686 3,819 3,987 4,081 3,913 3,835 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.4

Construction............................... 354 316 300 306 310 298 6.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.1

Manufacturing............................. 222 203 224 249 224 234 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 795 820 857 883 789 813 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.1

Retail trade.............................. 540 557 604 613 549 562 3.6 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.7

Professional and business services. . .. 766 780 858 848 891 833 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.5

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 448 482 518 544 480 490 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.4

Health care and social assistance. .. 383 416 445 477 413 427 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 693 738 779 734 740 721 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 106 108 120 108 107 109 5.4 5.4 6.0 5.3 5.2 5.4

Accommodation and food services... 587 631 659 626 633 612 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.0

Government7

................................ 293 304 300 300 315 274 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local............................ 262 260 256 261 281 242 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 687 711 697 695 679 700 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7

South.......................................... 1,519 1,599 1,645 1,726 1,739 1,655 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.3

Midwest....................................... 870 880 924 986 887 877 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8

West........................................... 903 933 1,021 974 923 877 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.9

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

Total.............................................. 2,093 2,099 2,185 2,233 2,205 2,268 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 1,964 1,967 2,040 2,098 2,063 2,138 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

Construction............................... 82 91 98 103 106 103 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8

Manufacturing............................. 106 94 109 112 99 111 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 468 446 470 453 461 453 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7

Retail trade.............................. 341 318 340 321 329 337 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2

Professional and business services. . .. 369 372 410 418 455 484 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 270 281 283 283 286 290 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. .. 239 255 251 246 254 265 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 430 445 454 464 436 453 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 46 47 42 42 46 47 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3

Accommodation and food services... 385 397 412 422 390 407 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3

Government7

................................ 129 131 146 135 142 130 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local............................ 118 120 134 124 131 119 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 295 288 308 323 298 308 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2

South.......................................... 909 894 918 964 934 961 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9

Midwest....................................... 432 473 516 494 525 517 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7

West........................................... 458 444 444 452 448 481 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

Total.............................................. 1,534 1,686 1,741 1,752 1,602 1,513 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 1,437 1,572 1,645 1,649 1,503 1,425 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 98 114 96 103 99 88 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 315 358 324 302 309 333 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3

South.......................................... 499 584 601 625 647 587 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2

Midwest....................................... 364 329 325 416 277 282 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.9

West........................................... 356 415 491 410 370 312 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.0

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013p

Total.............................................. 351 338 360 396 420 328 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 285 280 302 333 347 272 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 66 58 58 63 73 56 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

South.......................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

West........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

Total...................................................................... 3,793 3,892 3,950 2.8 2.8 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 3,387 3,452 3,519 2.9 2.9 3.0

Mining and logging................................................ 14 24 24 1.6 2.6 2.6

Construction........................................................ 78 132 107 1.3 2.2 1.7

Manufacturing...................................................... 304 213 264 2.5 1.7 2.1

Durable goods................................................... 203 145 163 2.6 1.9 2.1

Nondurable goods.............................................. 101 68 101 2.2 1.5 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 634 694 721 2.4 2.6 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................. 158 97 134 2.7 1.7 2.3

Retail trade....................................................... 357 470 460 2.3 3.0 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 119 127 127 2.3 2.5 2.5

Information.......................................................... 88 94 95 3.2 3.4 3.4

Financial activities................................................. 249 321 318 3.1 3.9 3.8

Finance and insurance......................................... 177 243 269 2.9 3.9 4.3

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 71 79 49 3.4 3.7 2.3

Professional and business services............................. 665 676 569 3.6 3.5 3.0

Education and health services................................... 709 645 674 3.4 3.1 3.2

Educational services............................................ 94 67 69 3.0 2.1 2.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 615 577 605 3.5 3.2 3.4

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 508 510 558 3.4 3.3 3.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 53 47 45 2.3 2.0 1.9

Accommodation and food services........................... 455 464 513 3.6 3.6 3.9

Other services...................................................... 139 143 190 2.5 2.5 3.3

Government........................................................... 406 440 431 1.9 2.0 2.1

Federal.............................................................. 52 49 54 1.8 1.8 1.9

State and local..................................................... 354 390 377 1.9 2.0 2.1

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 685 666 645 2.6 2.5 2.4

South................................................................... 1,445 1,486 1,485 2.9 2.9 2.9

Midwest................................................................ 849 918 941 2.7 2.9 3.0

West.................................................................... 814 822 879 2.7 2.7 2.9

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

Total...................................................................... 4,607 5,087 4,852 3.5 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 4,277 4,692 4,518 3.8 4.1 3.9

Mining and logging................................................ 31 38 32 3.6 4.4 3.6

Construction........................................................ 423 386 363 7.2 6.4 6.0

Manufacturing...................................................... 268 266 265 2.2 2.2 2.2

Durable goods................................................... 153 154 156 2.0 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods.............................................. 115 112 109 2.6 2.5 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 859 854 918 3.4 3.3 3.5

Wholesale trade................................................. 141 122 124 2.5 2.1 2.1

Retail trade....................................................... 553 591 622 3.7 3.9 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 165 141 172 3.3 2.8 3.4

Information.......................................................... 55 97 73 2.0 3.6 2.7

Financial activities................................................. 185 227 236 2.4 2.9 3.0

Finance and insurance......................................... 119 138 158 2.0 2.3 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 66 89 77 3.3 4.4 3.8

Professional and business services............................. 861 1,053 975 4.8 5.6 5.2

Education and health services................................... 563 558 599 2.8 2.7 2.9

Educational services............................................ 96 72 97 3.2 2.3 3.1

Health care and social assistance............................ 466 486 503 2.8 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 805 972 837 5.6 6.6 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 119 196 112 5.3 8.5 4.8

Accommodation and food services........................... 686 776 725 5.7 6.2 5.8

Other services...................................................... 227 241 220 4.1 4.3 4.0

Government........................................................... 331 395 335 1.6 1.8 1.6

Federal.............................................................. 19 39 29 0.7 1.4 1.0

State and local..................................................... 311 356 306 1.7 1.9 1.7

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 795 862 788 3.1 3.3 3.1

South................................................................... 1,757 1,884 1,912 3.6 3.8 3.9

Midwest................................................................ 964 1,154 1,023 3.2 3.7 3.3

West.................................................................... 1,091 1,187 1,129 3.7 3.9 3.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

Total...................................................................... 4,385 4,470 4,511 3.3 3.3 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 3,998 3,949 4,162 3.5 3.4 3.6

Mining and logging................................................ 31 26 25 3.6 2.9 2.9

Construction........................................................ 366 275 319 6.2 4.6 5.3

Manufacturing...................................................... 233 229 247 1.9 1.9 2.1

Durable goods................................................... 132 129 144 1.8 1.7 1.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 100 100 103 2.2 2.2 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 834 767 837 3.3 3.0 3.2

Wholesale trade................................................. 137 102 116 2.4 1.8 2.0

Retail trade....................................................... 552 531 568 3.7 3.5 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 145 134 154 2.9 2.7 3.1

Information.......................................................... 52 83 68 1.9 3.1 2.5

Financial activities................................................. 176 167 203 2.2 2.1 2.6

Finance and insurance......................................... 110 107 138 1.9 1.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 66 61 65 3.3 3.0 3.2

Professional and business services............................. 826 908 906 4.6 4.9 4.8

Education and health services................................... 544 576 590 2.7 2.8 2.9

Educational services............................................ 106 116 106 3.5 3.7 3.4

Health care and social assistance............................ 438 460 484 2.6 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 736 738 769 5.1 5.0 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 90 84 94 4.0 3.7 4.0

Accommodation and food services........................... 646 654 675 5.3 5.2 5.4

Other services...................................................... 200 180 198 3.6 3.2 3.6

Government........................................................... 386 521 349 1.9 2.4 1.7

Federal.............................................................. 29 33 27 1.0 1.2 1.0

State and local..................................................... 357 488 322 2.0 2.6 1.8

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 748 725 759 3.0 2.8 3.0

South................................................................... 1,699 1,837 1,831 3.5 3.7 3.7

Midwest................................................................ 909 941 919 3.0 3.0 3.0

West.................................................................... 1,028 967 1,001 3.5 3.2 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

Total...................................................................... 2,384 2,417 2,608 1.8 1.8 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 2,226 2,205 2,452 2.0 1.9 2.1

Mining and logging................................................ 20 16 12 2.3 1.8 1.3

Construction........................................................ 103 117 130 1.7 1.9 2.2

Manufacturing...................................................... 118 111 126 1.0 0.9 1.0

Durable goods................................................... 63 60 79 0.8 0.8 1.0

Nondurable goods.............................................. 55 51 47 1.2 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 506 478 486 2.0 1.8 1.9

Wholesale trade................................................. 81 63 51 1.4 1.1 0.9

Retail trade....................................................... 360 337 358 2.4 2.2 2.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 66 78 77 1.3 1.6 1.6

Information.......................................................... 31 41 41 1.1 1.5 1.5

Financial activities................................................. 94 95 117 1.2 1.2 1.5

Finance and insurance......................................... 57 67 82 1.0 1.1 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 37 29 35 1.9 1.4 1.7

Professional and business services............................. 420 490 569 2.3 2.6 3.0

Education and health services................................... 308 308 334 1.5 1.5 1.6

Educational services............................................ 42 44 33 1.4 1.4 1.1

Health care and social assistance............................ 266 264 300 1.6 1.5 1.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 499 472 525 3.5 3.2 3.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 59 51 61 2.6 2.2 2.6

Accommodation and food services........................... 440 421 465 3.6 3.4 3.7

Other services...................................................... 127 78 112 2.3 1.4 2.0

Government........................................................... 158 212 157 0.8 1.0 0.8

Federal.............................................................. 11 12 11 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local..................................................... 148 200 146 0.8 1.1 0.8

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 329 335 345 1.3 1.3 1.3

South................................................................... 1,035 1,005 1,104 2.1 2.0 2.2

Midwest................................................................ 491 588 590 1.6 1.9 1.9

West.................................................................... 528 489 570 1.8 1.6 1.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

Total...................................................................... 1,577 1,567 1,520 1.2 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 1,450 1,405 1,412 1.3 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging................................................ 7 6 10 0.8 0.7 1.1

Construction........................................................ 252 150 180 4.3 2.5 3.0

Manufacturing...................................................... 95 90 91 0.8 0.7 0.8

Durable goods................................................... 59 53 49 0.8 0.7 0.6

Nondurable goods.............................................. 35 37 43 0.8 0.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 230 218 268 0.9 0.8 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................. 44 33 52 0.8 0.6 0.9

Retail trade....................................................... 136 146 160 0.9 1.0 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 51 39 55 1.0 0.8 1.1

Information.......................................................... 20 35 21 0.7 1.3 0.8

Financial activities................................................. 49 39 53 0.6 0.5 0.7

Finance and insurance......................................... 25 18 30 0.4 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 24 21 23 1.2 1.0 1.1

Professional and business services............................. 335 377 301 1.9 2.0 1.6

Education and health services................................... 204 198 205 1.0 1.0 1.0

Educational services............................................ 59 57 68 1.9 1.8 2.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 145 140 137 0.9 0.8 0.8

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 199 204 204 1.4 1.4 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 30 31 29 1.3 1.3 1.2

Accommodation and food services........................... 170 174 175 1.4 1.4 1.4

Other services...................................................... 60 87 79 1.1 1.6 1.4

Government........................................................... 126 162 108 0.6 0.7 0.5

Federal.............................................................. 6 10 7 0.2 0.4 0.3

State and local..................................................... 120 152 100 0.7 0.8 0.6

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 324 303 344 1.3 1.2 1.3

South................................................................... 529 651 604 1.1 1.3 1.2

Midwest................................................................ 333 257 241 1.1 0.8 0.8

West.................................................................... 392 356 330 1.3 1.2 1.1

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

July

2012

June

2013

July

2013p

Total...................................................................... 423 486 383 0.3 0.4 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 322 339 298 0.3 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging................................................ 4 4 4 0.5 0.4 0.4

Construction........................................................ 12 9 9 0.2 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing...................................................... 20 28 30 0.2 0.2 0.3

Durable goods................................................... 9 16 16 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods.............................................. 10 12 14 0.2 0.3 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 97 71 84 0.4 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................. 13 6 12 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade....................................................... 56 48 50 0.4 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 28 16 21 0.6 0.3 0.4

Information.......................................................... 2 7 6 0.1 0.3 0.2

Financial activities................................................. 34 33 34 0.4 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance......................................... 28 23 27 0.5 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 5 11 7 0.3 0.5 0.3

Professional and business services............................. 71 41 35 0.4 0.2 0.2

Education and health services................................... 32 70 51 0.2 0.3 0.3

Educational services............................................ 5 14 5 0.2 0.5 0.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 26 56 46 0.2 0.3 0.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 38 62 39 0.3 0.4 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 2 3 4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services........................... 36 59 35 0.3 0.5 0.3

Other services...................................................... 13 15 7 0.2 0.3 0.1

Government........................................................... 101 147 85 0.5 0.7 0.4

Federal.............................................................. 12 11 9 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local..................................................... 89 136 76 0.5 0.7 0.4

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 95 88 71 0.4 0.3 0.3

South................................................................... 135 180 123 0.3 0.4 0.2

Midwest................................................................ 85 95 88 0.3 0.3 0.3

West.................................................................... 108 123 101 0.4 0.4 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.