Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0809 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 3, 2011 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – MAY 2011 

Nonfarm payroll employment changed little (+54,000) in May, and the unemployment rate was 

essentially unchanged at 9.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains 

continued in professional and business services, health care, and mining. Employment levels in other 

major private-sector industries were little changed, and local government employment continued to 

decline. 

Household Survey Data 

The number of unemployed persons (13.9 million) and the unemployment rate (9.1 percent) were 

essentially unchanged in May. The labor force, at 153.7 million, was little changed over the month. 

(See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (8.9 percent), adult women 

(8.0 percent), teenagers (24.2 percent), whites (8.0 percent), blacks (16.2 percent), and Hispanics (11.9 

percent) showed little or no change in May. The jobless rate for Asians was 7.0 percent, not seasonally 

adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

M ay-09 Aug-09 No v-09 Feb-10 M ay-10 A ug-10 No v-10 Feb-11 M ay-11

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, May 2009 – May 2011

Percent

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

M ay-09 A ug-09 No v-09 Feb-10 M ay-10 A ug-10 No v-10 Feb-11 M ay-11

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

May 2009 – May 2011
- 2 - 

In May, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) increased by 

361,000 to 6.2 million; their share of unemployment increased to 45.1 percent. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate was 64.2 percent for the fifth consecutive month. The 

employment-population ratio remained at 58.4 percent in May. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged in May at 8.5 million. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.) 

In May, 2.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year 

earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 822,000 discouraged workers in May, a decrease of 

261,000 from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in May (+54,000), following gains that 

averaged 220,000 in the prior 3 months. Private-sector employment continued to trend up (+83,000), 

although by a much smaller amount than the average for the prior 3 months (+244,000). In May, job 

gains occurred in professional and business services, health care, and mining. Local government 

employment continued to trend down. Employment in other major industries changed little over the 

month. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services continued to increase in May (+44,000). Notable 

job gains occurred in accounting and bookkeeping services (+18,000) and in computer systems design 

and related services (+8,000). Employment in temporary help services was little changed. 

Health care employment continued to expand in May (+17,000). Employment in the industry had risen 

by an average of 24,000 per month over the prior 12 months. 

Mining added 7,000 jobs in May. Employment in mining has risen by 115,000 since a recent low point 

in October 2009. 

Employment in manufacturing changed little in May (-5,000). Job gains in fabricated metal products 

and in machinery were offset by losses in transportation equipment, paper and paper products, and 

printing and related support activities. The manufacturing industry added 243,000 jobs from a recent low 

point in December 2009 through April 2011. 
- 3 - 

Construction employment was essentially unchanged in May. Employment in the industry has shown 

little movement on net since early 2010, after having fallen sharply during the 2007-09 period. 

Employment in local government continued to decline over the month (-28,000). Local government has 

lost 446,000 jobs since an employment peak in September 2008. 

Employment in other major industries, including retail trade, transportation and warehousing, 

information, financial activities, and leisure and hospitality, changed little in May. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.4 hours in May. 

The manufacturing workweek for all employees increased by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours over the month, 

while factory overtime was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 33.6 hours in May. (See tables B-2 and 

B-7.) 

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents, 

or 0.3 percent, to $22.98. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 1.8 percent. In 

May, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 6 

cents, or 0.3 percent, to $19.43. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised from +221,000 to +194,000, 

and the change for April was revised from +244,000 to +232,000. 

The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 8, 2011, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

Change from:

Apr. 2011-

May 2011

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 237,499 239,000 239,146 239,313 167

Civilian labor force............................................................ 154,237 153,406 153,421 153,693 272

Participation rate........................................................... 64.9 64.2 64.2 64.2 0.0

Employed.................................................................... 139,353 139,864 139,674 139,779 105

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.7 58.5 58.4 58.4 0.0

Unemployed................................................................. 14,884 13,542 13,747 13,914 167

Unemployment rate..................................................... 9.6 8.8 9.0 9.1 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................. 83,262 85,594 85,725 85,620 -105

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 9.6 8.8 9.0 9.1 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 9.8 8.6 8.8 8.9 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 8.1 7.7 7.9 8.0 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 26.4 24.5 24.9 24.2 -0.7

White........................................................................... 8.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 0.0

Black or African American................................................... 15.5 15.5 16.1 16.2 0.1

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 7.5 7.1 6.4 7.0 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 12.4 11.3 11.8 11.9 0.1

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 8.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 0.2

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 14.9 13.7 14.6 14.7 0.1

High school graduates, no college......................................... 10.8 9.5 9.7 9.5 -0.2

Some college or associate degree......................................... 8.3 7.4 7.5 8.0 0.5

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 9,194 8,209 8,144 8,274 130

Job leavers....................................................................... 966 896 942 908 -34

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,430 3,262 3,375 3,433 58

New entrants..................................................................... 1,192 1,360 1,346 1,231 -115

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,763 2,449 2,691 2,664 -27

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,060 2,914 2,907 2,892 -15

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,174 1,957 2,006 1,984 -22

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 6,710 6,122 5,839 6,200 361

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,776 8,433 8,600 8,548 -52

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 6,141 5,595 5,689 5,834 145

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,299 2,332 2,480 2,473 -7

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 17,977 18,417 18,282 18,468 186

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,223 2,434 2,466 2,206 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 1,083 921 989 822 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 194 232 54

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 219 251 83

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40 38 3

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 15 9 6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -37 5 5 2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 20 24 -5

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 21 18 8

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 1.7 2.9 -3.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -1 6 -13

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 179 213 80

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.3 14.4 5.3 3.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3.3 -5.6 64.0 -8.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 8.0 7.0 8.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 -1 -1 -1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 5 -2 3

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 75 50 44

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 30.0 -1.6 -1.2

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 33 54 34

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 36.0 41.0 27.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 46 32 -6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 2 3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 -25 -19 -29

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.6 49.6 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.1 48.1 48.0

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.57 $ 22.89 $ 22.92 $ 22.98

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $771.89 $785.13 $788.45 $790.51

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.9 93.3 93.8 93.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.9 101.9 102.5 102.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 33.6 33.6 33.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.03 $ 19.32 $ 19.37 $ 19.43

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $635.60 $649.15 $650.83 $652.85

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 100.5 100.7 100.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.4 129.7 130.3 130.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 65.7 65.0 53.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 63.0 64.8 54.9

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of 

its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than 

the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information 

on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 
 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People 

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or 

question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and 

other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment 

Situation news release. 

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for 

holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but 

not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off 

work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as 

those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to 

be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have 

a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the 

effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the 

month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed 

whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of 

persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire 

week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most 

requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment 

that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD 

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about 

140,000 businesses and government agencies representing 

approximately 440,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 9 million unemployment insurance 

tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between 

surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a 

more useful tool with which to analyze changes in monthto-month economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237,499 239,146 239,313 237,499 238,704 238,851 239,000 239,146 239,313

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,866 152,898 153,449 154,237 153,186 153,246 153,406 153,421 153,693

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 63.9 64.1 64.9 64.2 64.2 64.2 64.2 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,497 139,661 140,028 139,353 139,323 139,573 139,864 139,674 139,779

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.7 58.4 58.4 58.5 58.4 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,369 13,237 13,421 14,884 13,863 13,673 13,542 13,747 13,914

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.7 8.7 9.6 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,633 86,248 85,864 83,262 85,518 85,605 85,594 85,725 85,620

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,381 6,482 6,821 5,733 6,410 6,410 6,509 6,539 6,227

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,001 116,067 116,156 115,001 115,828 115,907 115,988 116,067 116,156

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,028 81,354 81,956 82,176 81,544 81,720 81,674 81,684 81,989

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 70.1 70.6 71.5 70.4 70.5 70.4 70.4 70.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,776 73,761 74,441 73,603 73,800 74,122 74,108 73,973 74,177

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 63.6 64.1 64.0 63.7 63.9 63.9 63.7 63.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,252 7,593 7,515 8,572 7,744 7,598 7,566 7,712 7,811

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 9.3 9.2 10.4 9.5 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,973 34,713 34,200 32,825 34,284 34,187 34,313 34,382 34,168

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,407 107,469 107,566 106,407 107,203 107,292 107,381 107,469 107,566

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,088 78,702 79,223 79,178 78,506 78,795 78,764 78,856 79,193

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.3 73.2 73.7 74.4 73.2 73.4 73.4 73.4 73.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,655 71,822 72,427 71,451 71,589 71,954 71,959 71,939 72,137

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 66.8 67.3 67.1 66.8 67.1 67.0 66.9 67.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,433 6,880 6,796 7,728 6,917 6,841 6,805 6,917 7,056

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.7 8.6 9.8 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.8 8.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,319 28,767 28,344 27,229 28,698 28,497 28,617 28,612 28,373

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,499 123,079 123,157 122,499 122,876 122,944 123,012 123,079 123,157

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,838 71,544 71,492 72,062 71,642 71,526 71,732 71,737 71,704

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.1 58.0 58.8 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.3 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,721 65,900 65,587 65,750 65,523 65,451 65,756 65,702 65,602

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 53.5 53.3 53.7 53.3 53.2 53.5 53.4 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,117 5,644 5,905 6,312 6,119 6,075 5,976 6,035 6,102

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.9 8.3 8.8 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,661 51,535 51,664 50,437 51,234 51,418 51,280 51,342 51,453

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,160 114,868 114,954 114,160 114,637 114,714 114,792 114,868 114,954

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,859 68,863 68,728 69,057 68,839 68,802 68,898 68,896 68,908

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 59.9 59.8 60.5 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 59.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,506 63,733 63,423 63,487 63,392 63,319 63,566 63,479 63,402

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 55.5 55.2 55.6 55.3 55.2 55.4 55.3 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,352 5,130 5,305 5,570 5,447 5,483 5,332 5,417 5,505

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.4 7.7 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.9 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,302 46,005 46,226 45,103 45,798 45,912 45,894 45,972 46,047

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,932 16,809 16,792 16,932 16,863 16,845 16,827 16,809 16,792

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,920 5,333 5,498 6,002 5,841 5,649 5,744 5,669 5,592

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 31.7 32.7 35.4 34.6 33.5 34.1 33.7 33.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,336 4,106 4,177 4,416 4,341 4,300 4,339 4,255 4,240

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 24.4 24.9 26.1 25.7 25.5 25.8 25.3 25.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,584 1,227 1,320 1,586 1,500 1,350 1,405 1,413 1,352

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 23.0 24.0 26.4 25.7 23.9 24.5 24.9 24.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,012 11,476 11,295 10,931 11,022 11,196 11,083 11,140 11,201

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,856 192,771 192,877 191,856 192,516 192,601 192,688 192,771 192,877

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,017 124,140 124,608 125,327 124,192 124,237 124,497 124,650 124,811

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 64.4 64.6 65.3 64.5 64.5 64.6 64.7 64.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,438 114,597 114,989 114,350 114,197 114,330 114,706 114,652 114,785

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.4 59.6 59.6 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.5 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,579 9,542 9,618 10,977 9,995 9,907 9,791 9,998 10,026

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.7 7.7 8.8 8.0 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,840 68,632 68,269 66,529 68,325 68,364 68,191 68,122 68,066

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,352 64,904 65,416 65,381 64,673 64,919 64,864 65,032 65,335

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.8 73.7 74.3 74.8 73.6 73.9 73.7 73.9 74.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,848 59,869 60,472 59,638 59,586 59,860 59,850 59,903 60,168

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 68.0 68.7 68.3 67.8 68.1 68.0 68.1 68.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,504 5,035 4,943 5,743 5,086 5,059 5,014 5,129 5,167

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.8 7.6 8.8 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,786 54,882 54,709 55,026 54,686 54,677 54,950 54,971 54,912

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 59.7 59.5 60.1 59.6 59.5 59.8 59.8 59.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,934 51,275 50,956 50,984 50,878 50,816 51,184 51,138 50,999

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 55.8 55.4 55.7 55.4 55.3 55.7 55.6 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,852 3,606 3,753 4,041 3,808 3,860 3,766 3,833 3,914

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.0 7.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,879 4,354 4,483 4,920 4,833 4,641 4,683 4,646 4,563

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 33.9 34.9 38.1 37.5 36.1 36.4 36.2 35.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,656 3,453 3,561 3,728 3,732 3,654 3,672 3,610 3,619

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 26.9 27.8 28.9 29.0 28.4 28.6 28.1 28.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,223 901 922 1,193 1,100 987 1,011 1,036 945

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 20.7 20.6 24.2 22.8 21.3 21.6 22.3 20.7

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,653 29,035 29,063 28,653 28,947 28,976 29,005 29,035 29,063

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,926 17,765 17,705 17,961 17,857 17,865 17,836 17,849 17,750

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 61.2 60.9 62.7 61.7 61.7 61.5 61.5 61.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,188 14,966 14,867 15,175 15,048 15,124 15,067 14,966 14,870

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 51.5 51.2 53.0 52.0 52.2 51.9 51.5 51.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,738 2,799 2,838 2,785 2,809 2,741 2,769 2,882 2,880

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 15.8 16.0 15.5 15.7 15.3 15.5 16.1 16.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,727 11,270 11,358 10,692 11,090 11,112 11,169 11,186 11,313

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,137 8,091 8,024 8,164 8,054 8,053 8,119 8,113 8,056

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.2 68.4 67.7 70.4 68.3 68.2 68.7 68.6 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,758 6,688 6,618 6,772 6,723 6,745 6,758 6,731 6,645

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 56.5 55.8 58.4 57.1 57.2 57.2 56.9 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,380 1,403 1,406 1,392 1,331 1,309 1,361 1,382 1,411

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 17.3 17.5 17.1 16.5 16.2 16.8 17.0 17.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,097 9,032 9,041 9,102 9,146 9,185 9,050 9,054 9,056

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 61.9 61.9 63.2 62.9 63.1 62.1 62.0 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,004 7,877 7,868 7,976 7,966 7,993 7,923 7,836 7,847

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 54.0 53.9 55.4 54.8 54.9 54.4 53.7 53.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,093 1,155 1,172 1,125 1,179 1,192 1,127 1,217 1,210

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 12.8 13.0 12.4 12.9 13.0 12.5 13.4 13.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 642 640 696 658 627 668 682 638

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 24.6 24.6 26.1 25.1 23.9 25.6 26.2 24.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 402 380 428 359 386 387 398 378

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 15.4 14.6 16.0 13.7 14.7 14.8 15.3 14.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 241 260 268 299 241 281 284 260

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 37.5 40.6 38.5 45.4 38.4 42.1 41.6 40.7

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,166 11,378 11,350 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,236 7,295 7,377 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 64.1 65.0 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,692 6,832 6,863 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 60.0 60.5 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 463 514 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.4 7.0 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,930 4,083 3,973 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 33,578 34,233 34,311 33,578 34,001 34,079 34,155 34,233 34,311

Civilian labor force................................. 22,633 22,672 22,642 22,739 22,823 22,519 22,676 22,798 22,739

Participation rate................................. 67.4 66.2 66.0 67.7 67.1 66.1 66.4 66.6 66.3

Employed......................................... 20,033 20,124 20,124 19,913 20,099 19,912 20,105 20,110 20,025

Employment-population ratio................ 59.7 58.8 58.7 59.3 59.1 58.4 58.9 58.7 58.4

Unemployed...................................... 2,600 2,548 2,518 2,826 2,724 2,606 2,571 2,688 2,715

Unemployment rate........................... 11.5 11.2 11.1 12.4 11.9 11.6 11.3 11.8 11.9

Not in labor force................................... 10,945 11,561 11,668 10,839 11,178 11,561 11,479 11,435 11,571

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,887 12,899 12,940 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 82.5 81.4 81.5 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,469 11,568 11,636 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 73.4 73.0 73.3 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,417 1,331 1,304 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.0 10.3 10.1 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,752 8,896 8,799 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.5 59.3 58.5 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,853 7,884 7,820 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 53.4 52.6 52.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 898 1,012 979 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.3 11.4 11.1 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 995 878 904 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 30.7 25.9 26.6 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 710 672 668 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 21.9 19.8 19.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 285 206 236 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 28.6 23.4 26.1 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 12,338 11,703 11,669 12,104 11,383 11,317 11,652 11,567 11,442

Participation rate.................................... 46.6 46.1 46.0 45.7 45.1 45.5 46.1 45.5 45.1

Employed............................................ 10,655 10,000 10,072 10,305 9,770 9,749 10,059 9,876 9,757

Employment-population ratio................... 40.2 39.4 39.7 38.9 38.7 39.2 39.8 38.9 38.5

Unemployed......................................... 1,683 1,703 1,597 1,799 1,613 1,568 1,593 1,691 1,685

Unemployment rate.............................. 13.6 14.5 13.7 14.9 14.2 13.9 13.7 14.6 14.7

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 38,354 37,485 37,670 38,404 37,513 37,525 37,171 37,506 37,653

Participation rate.................................... 61.8 60.4 60.4 61.9 60.3 60.3 60.0 60.4 60.4

Employed............................................ 34,409 33,886 34,247 34,267 33,972 33,965 33,654 33,881 34,072

Employment-population ratio................... 55.5 54.6 54.9 55.2 54.6 54.6 54.4 54.6 54.6

Unemployed......................................... 3,945 3,599 3,423 4,138 3,541 3,560 3,517 3,626 3,581

Unemployment rate.............................. 10.3 9.6 9.1 10.8 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,707 36,463 36,659 36,844 36,841 36,784 36,653 36,637 36,780

Participation rate.................................... 70.8 69.3 69.4 71.0 70.2 69.5 69.7 69.7 69.7

Employed............................................ 33,833 33,829 33,898 33,788 33,878 33,919 33,938 33,907 33,852

Employment-population ratio................... 65.2 64.3 64.2 65.1 64.6 64.1 64.6 64.5 64.1

Unemployed......................................... 2,874 2,634 2,761 3,057 2,963 2,865 2,715 2,730 2,928

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.8 7.2 7.5 8.3 8.0 7.8 7.4 7.5 8.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 45,573 46,913 46,778 45,709 46,263 46,591 46,919 46,897 46,925

Participation rate.................................... 77.0 77.0 77.2 77.2 76.4 76.9 76.9 77.0 77.5

Employed............................................ 43,561 44,976 44,766 43,599 44,322 44,588 44,843 44,789 44,807

Employment-population ratio................... 73.6 73.8 73.9 73.7 73.2 73.6 73.5 73.5 74.0

Unemployed......................................... 2,012 1,937 2,012 2,110 1,941 2,003 2,076 2,109 2,118

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,060 21,664 20,275 19,864 1,785 1,800

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,862 11,421 10,754 10,316 1,108 1,105

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 52.7 53.0 51.9 62.1 61.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,938 10,477 9,914 9,457 1,023 1,020

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 48.4 48.9 47.6 57.3 56.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924 944 839 859 85 85

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.3 7.8 8.3 7.7 7.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,198 10,243 9,521 9,548 677 695

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,130 2,394 1,755 1,984 374 409

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,734 1,923 1,471 1,647 263 276

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 80.3 83.8 83.0 70.2 67.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,550 1,691 1,327 1,435 223 256

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.8 70.6 75.6 72.3 59.6 62.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 232 145 212 40 20

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 12.1 9.8 12.9 15.2 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 471 284 337 111 134

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,949 2,850 2,507 2,420 442 430

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,575 2,374 2,226 2,073 349 301

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 83.3 88.8 85.7 79.0 70.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,400 2,207 2,068 1,929 331 278

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 77.5 82.5 79.7 74.9 64.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 167 157 144 18 23

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.0 7.1 6.9 5.1 7.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 476 281 347 93 129

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,058 10,470 10,684 10,139 374 331

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,013 3,605 3,905 3,480 108 124

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 34.4 36.5 34.3 28.9 37.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,732 3,337 3,625 3,223 106 114

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 31.9 33.9 31.8 28.4 34.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 267 280 257 2 10

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.4 7.2 7.4 1.6 8.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,045 6,866 6,779 6,659 266 207

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,923 5,950 5,329 5,320 595 630

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,540 3,519 3,152 3,115 388 404

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 59.1 59.1 58.6 65.3 64.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,257 3,242 2,894 2,870 363 372

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 54.5 54.3 53.9 61.0 59.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 278 258 245 25 32

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.9 8.2 7.9 6.5 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,384 2,431 2,177 2,205 207 226

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206,485 209,119 90,168 91,916 116,317 117,203

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,032 140,321 70,298 70,803 69,734 69,517

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 67.1 78.0 77.0 60.0 59.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,183 128,348 63,198 64,405 63,985 63,943

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 61.4 70.1 70.1 55.0 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,849 11,973 7,100 6,398 5,749 5,574

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 8.5 10.1 9.0 8.2 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,453 68,799 19,870 21,113 46,583 47,686

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 26,547 27,669 210,952 211,644

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,930 5,828 147,936 147,621

Participation rate...................................................................... 22.3 21.1 70.1 69.7

Employed.............................................................................. 5,060 4,917 134,437 135,111

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 19.1 17.8 63.7 63.8

Unemployed........................................................................... 870 911 13,499 12,510

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.7 15.6 9.1 8.5

Not in labor force........................................................................ 20,617 21,841 63,016 64,024

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,729 2,682 75,601 75,258

Participation rate...................................................................... 37.5 35.3 83.1 82.5

Employed.............................................................................. 2,282 2,218 68,019 68,474

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 31.3 29.2 74.7 75.1

Unemployed........................................................................... 448 464 7,582 6,784

Unemployment rate................................................................ 16.4 17.3 10.0 9.0

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,555 4,911 15,399 15,948

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,381 2,280 66,472 66,109

Participation rate...................................................................... 30.9 29.2 71.5 70.9

Employed.............................................................................. 2,052 1,919 60,856 60,748

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 26.6 24.6 65.5 65.2

Unemployed........................................................................... 330 360 5,616 5,361

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.8 15.8 8.4 8.1

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,321 5,531 26,452 27,107

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 820 867 5,862 6,254

Participation rate...................................................................... 7.1 7.1 21.7 23.0

Employed.............................................................................. 727 780 5,561 5,889

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.3 6.4 20.6 21.6

Unemployed........................................................................... 93 87 301 365

Unemployment rate................................................................ 11.3 10.0 5.1 5.8

Not in labor force........................................................................ 10,741 11,399 21,166 20,969

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 35,647 36,348 17,901 18,200 17,746 18,149

Civilian labor force................................................... 24,210 24,253 14,339 14,511 9,871 9,741

Participation rate................................................... 67.9 66.7 80.1 79.7 55.6 53.7

Employed........................................................... 22,125 22,216 13,088 13,333 9,037 8,883

Employment-population ratio.................................. 62.1 61.1 73.1 73.3 50.9 48.9

Unemployed........................................................ 2,085 2,037 1,251 1,178 835 859

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.6 8.4 8.7 8.1 8.5 8.8

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,437 12,095 3,562 3,688 7,875 8,407

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 201,852 202,965 97,100 97,957 104,753 105,008

Civilian labor force................................................... 129,656 129,196 67,689 67,445 61,967 61,751

Participation rate................................................... 64.2 63.7 69.7 68.9 59.2 58.8

Employed........................................................... 117,372 117,812 60,688 61,108 56,684 56,704

Employment-population ratio.................................. 58.1 58.0 62.5 62.4 54.1 54.0

Unemployed........................................................ 12,284 11,384 7,001 6,337 5,282 5,047

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.5 8.8 10.3 9.4 8.5 8.2

Not in labor force..................................................... 72,196 73,769 29,410 30,512 42,786 43,257

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,272 2,061 2,315 2,214 2,256 2,255 2,251 2,087 2,243

Wage and salary workers1....................... 1,384 1,198 1,435 1,352 1,390 1,340 1,423 1,245 1,391

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 848 830 850 823 861 889 835 818 822

Unpaid family workers............................. 39 33 31 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 137,225 137,601 137,713 137,152 137,088 137,443 137,738 137,595 137,551

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 128,053 128,814 128,822 128,123 128,151 128,664 128,800 128,840 128,803

Government...................................... 21,642 21,112 20,690 21,221 20,740 20,933 20,858 20,726 20,309

Private industries................................ 106,412 107,702 108,132 106,902 107,409 107,681 107,946 108,186 108,505

Private households............................ 698 671 799 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 105,714 107,031 107,333 106,197 106,774 106,965 107,251 107,510 107,727

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 9,087 8,693 8,812 8,928 8,864 8,688 8,773 8,650 8,655

Unpaid family workers............................. 85 94 79 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3................... 8,513 8,425 8,270 8,776 8,407 8,340 8,433 8,600 8,548

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,957 5,547 5,646 6,141 5,771 5,630 5,595 5,689 5,834

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,250 2,605 2,396 2,299 2,510 2,415 2,332 2,480 2,473

Part time for noneconomic reasons4.............. 18,088 19,163 18,656 17,977 17,929 18,220 18,417 18,282 18,468

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,392 8,305 8,144 8,630 8,242 8,248 8,265 8,475 8,400

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,864 5,448 5,547 6,038 5,661 5,558 5,504 5,581 5,731

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,243 2,595 2,382 2,282 2,513 2,383 2,305 2,457 2,444

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 17,783 18,803 18,313 17,691 17,552 17,835 17,984 17,967 18,126

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,497 139,661 140,028 139,353 139,323 139,573 139,864 139,674 139,779

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,336 4,106 4,177 4,416 4,341 4,300 4,339 4,255 4,240

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376 1,145 1,203 1,427 1,406 1,311 1,326 1,247 1,249

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,960 2,961 2,974 2,978 2,939 3,000 2,990 2,989 2,982

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,161 135,555 135,850 134,938 134,982 135,274 135,525 135,419 135,539

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,704 12,864 12,868 12,824 12,941 12,954 13,021 12,978 12,970

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,458 122,691 122,983 122,177 122,026 122,245 122,479 122,423 122,641

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,353 93,762 94,088 94,212 93,758 93,764 93,949 93,690 93,919

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,180 30,318 30,617 30,207 30,438 30,412 30,538 30,354 30,627

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,933 30,483 30,402 30,823 30,373 30,409 30,605 30,441 30,302

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,240 32,961 33,069 33,183 32,946 32,943 32,806 32,895 32,989

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,104 28,929 28,895 27,965 28,268 28,481 28,530 28,733 28,722

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,776 73,761 74,441 73,603 73,800 74,122 74,108 73,973 74,177

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121 1,939 2,013 2,153 2,211 2,168 2,149 2,033 2,040

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 531 579 676 717 668 688 582 594

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458 1,408 1,435 1,473 1,471 1,495 1,454 1,441 1,446

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,655 71,822 72,427 71,451 71,589 71,954 71,959 71,939 72,137

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,555 6,651 6,764 6,566 6,784 6,715 6,731 6,712 6,756

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,100 65,171 65,663 64,934 64,789 65,179 65,207 65,193 65,448

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,431 49,988 50,480 50,332 50,005 50,247 50,241 50,107 50,358

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,270 16,447 16,698 16,316 16,542 16,627 16,677 16,557 16,747

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 16,401 16,475 16,677 16,394 16,477 16,481 16,428 16,421

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,434 17,140 17,308 17,339 17,070 17,143 17,083 17,123 17,189

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,668 15,183 15,183 14,602 14,784 14,932 14,966 15,087 15,090

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,721 65,900 65,587 65,750 65,523 65,451 65,756 65,702 65,602

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,214 2,167 2,164 2,263 2,130 2,132 2,190 2,222 2,200

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 614 625 750 689 644 638 665 654

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502 1,554 1,540 1,505 1,468 1,506 1,537 1,548 1,537

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,506 63,733 63,423 63,487 63,392 63,319 63,566 63,479 63,402

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,148 6,213 6,104 6,258 6,157 6,239 6,290 6,266 6,214

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,358 57,520 57,320 57,243 57,237 57,065 57,272 57,230 57,193

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,922 43,774 43,608 43,880 43,752 43,517 43,708 43,584 43,561

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,909 13,871 13,920 13,891 13,897 13,785 13,862 13,798 13,880

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,206 14,082 13,927 14,146 13,979 13,931 14,124 14,014 13,881

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,807 15,821 15,761 15,844 15,877 15,800 15,723 15,772 15,800

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,436 13,746 13,712 13,362 13,485 13,549 13,564 13,646 13,631

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,454 42,992 43,124 43,343 42,915 42,957 42,880 42,987 42,998

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,409 34,211 33,894 34,231 34,571 34,496 34,236 34,062 33,826

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,030 8,968 8,930 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,809 111,844 112,618 112,642 112,356 112,660 112,775 112,484 112,342

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,688 27,817 27,410 26,759 26,901 26,878 27,087 27,088 27,418

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,261 6,887 7,084 7,226 6,840 6,764 6,746 6,775 6,939

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,135 5,030 5,232 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,935 9,523 9,661 9,750 9,724 9,577 9,608 9,468 9,477

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 14,884 13,747 13,914 9.6 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.1

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,586 1,413 1,352 26.4 25.7 23.9 24.5 24.9 24.2

16 to 17 years.................................... 606 570 520 29.8 27.8 28.8 29.0 31.4 29.4

18 to 19 years.................................... 986 855 838 24.9 24.6 21.5 22.5 22.2 21.9

20 years and over.................................. 13,298 12,334 12,562 9.0 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.5

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,190 2,279 2,236 14.6 15.2 15.4 15.0 14.9 14.7

25 years and over............................... 11,127 10,109 10,327 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.8

25 to 54 years................................. 8,971 8,117 8,239 8.7 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.0 8.1

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,518 3,197 3,140 10.4 9.3 9.4 9.1 9.5 9.3

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,701 2,407 2,514 8.1 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.7

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,753 2,513 2,585 7.7 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.3

55 years and over............................. 2,138 1,994 2,082 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.8

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 8,572 7,712 7,811 10.4 9.5 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5

16 to 19 years...................................... 845 795 755 28.2 27.2 25.9 26.2 28.1 27.0

16 to 17 years.................................... 324 283 271 32.4 29.1 28.5 28.5 32.7 31.3

18 to 19 years.................................... 529 517 488 26.4 26.6 24.8 25.3 26.4 25.2

20 years and over.................................. 7,728 6,917 7,056 9.8 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.8 8.9

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,258 1,284 1,259 16.1 15.9 16.4 16.4 16.1 15.7

25 years and over............................... 6,450 5,625 5,765 9.0 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.9 8.1

25 to 54 years................................. 5,244 4,505 4,632 9.4 8.3 8.1 8.0 8.2 8.4

25 to 34 years.............................. 2,078 1,812 1,808 11.3 9.8 9.5 9.3 9.9 9.7

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,568 1,273 1,338 8.6 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.5

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,598 1,420 1,486 8.4 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.7 8.0

55 years and over............................. 1,207 1,121 1,133 7.6 7.1 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.0

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 6,312 6,035 6,102 8.8 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.5

16 to 19 years...................................... 741 619 597 24.7 24.0 21.8 22.7 21.8 21.3

16 to 17 years.................................... 282 287 248 27.3 26.4 29.1 29.5 30.1 27.5

18 to 19 years.................................... 456 338 350 23.3 22.5 17.8 19.7 17.9 18.6

20 years and over.................................. 5,570 5,417 5,505 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.9 8.0

20 to 24 years.................................... 932 995 977 13.0 14.4 14.2 13.5 13.7 13.6

25 years and over............................... 4,677 4,483 4,562 7.6 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.4

25 to 54 years................................. 3,728 3,612 3,606 7.8 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.6

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,440 1,385 1,332 9.4 8.7 9.2 9.0 9.1 8.8

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,132 1,135 1,176 7.4 7.1 7.4 7.1 7.5 7.8

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,155 1,093 1,099 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5

55 years and over1

........................... 850 782 876 5.9 6.3 5.7 5.8 5.4 6.0

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 3,112 2,756 2,696 6.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.9

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,276 2,056 2,072 6.2 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,181 1,193 1,303 11.6 12.7 13.0 12.3 11.7 12.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 13,039 11,938 12,073 10.4 9.7 9.5 9.4 9.6 9.7

Part-time workers3................................... 1,898 1,840 1,833 6.6 6.2 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.3

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 8,812 7,958 7,885 9,194 8,519 8,334 8,209 8,144 8,274

On temporary layoff................................ 1,192 1,186 1,004 1,448 1,249 1,270 1,197 1,251 1,214

Not on temporary layoff............................ 7,620 6,772 6,881 7,746 7,270 7,064 7,013 6,894 7,060

Permanent job losers............................ 6,360 5,449 5,566 6,408 5,879 5,671 5,625 5,480 5,653

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,261 1,323 1,315 1,339 1,391 1,393 1,388 1,414 1,407

Job leavers............................................. 922 911 869 966 910 898 896 942 908

Reentrants............................................. 3,455 3,217 3,477 3,430 3,357 3,352 3,262 3,375 3,433

New entrants.......................................... 1,180 1,151 1,190 1,192 1,351 1,337 1,360 1,346 1,231

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 61.3 60.1 58.8 62.2 60.3 59.9 59.8 59.0 59.8

On temporary layoff................................ 8.3 9.0 7.5 9.8 8.8 9.1 8.7 9.1 8.8

Not on temporary layoff............................ 53.0 51.2 51.3 52.4 51.4 50.7 51.1 49.9 51.0

Job leavers............................................. 6.4 6.9 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.8 6.6

Reentrants............................................. 24.0 24.3 25.9 23.2 23.7 24.1 23.8 24.4 24.8

New entrants.......................................... 8.2 8.7 8.9 8.1 9.6 9.6 9.9 9.8 8.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 5.7 5.2 5.1 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2

New entrants.......................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,743 2,325 2,664 2,763 2,678 2,390 2,449 2,691 2,664

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 2,526 2,478 2,356 3,060 3,016 3,094 2,914 2,907 2,892

15 weeks and over.................................... 9,100 8,434 8,401 8,884 8,495 8,172 8,078 7,845 8,184

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,459 2,333 2,235 2,174 2,285 2,179 1,957 2,006 1,984

27 weeks and over................................. 6,641 6,101 6,166 6,710 6,210 5,993 6,122 5,839 6,200

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 35.1 41.4 41.2 34.3 36.9 37.1 39.0 38.3 39.7

Median duration, in weeks........................... 24.2 24.3 23.8 22.8 21.8 21.2 21.7 20.7 22.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 19.1 17.6 19.8 18.8 18.9 17.5 18.2 20.0 19.4

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 17.6 18.7 17.6 20.8 21.3 22.7 21.7 21.6 21.0

15 weeks and over.................................... 63.3 63.7 62.6 60.4 59.9 59.8 60.1 58.4 59.6

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 17.1 17.6 16.7 14.8 16.1 16.0 14.6 14.9 14.4

27 weeks and over................................. 46.2 46.1 45.9 45.6 43.8 43.9 45.5 43.4 45.1

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 139,497 140,028 14,369 13,421 9.3 8.7

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 51,839 52,778 2,450 2,419 4.5 4.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 20,856 21,355 1,074 1,094 4.9 4.9

Professional and related occupations........................... 30,982 31,423 1,376 1,325 4.3 4.0

Service occupations.................................................. 24,883 24,959 2,719 2,607 9.9 9.5

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,433 32,804 3,209 3,172 8.8 8.8

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,219 15,376 1,614 1,596 9.6 9.4

Office and administrative support occupations................. 18,214 17,428 1,595 1,576 8.1 8.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 13,362 12,942 2,429 1,900 15.4 12.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 1,029 1,033 157 117 13.3 10.2

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 7,305 7,071 1,729 1,375 19.1 16.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 5,028 4,838 543 408 9.7 7.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 15,980 16,546 2,359 2,100 12.9 11.3

Production occupations........................................... 7,938 8,113 1,193 1,094 13.1 11.9

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,043 8,433 1,165 1,006 12.7 10.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the

introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is

derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with

earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 14,369 13,421 9.3 8.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 11,655 10,628 9.9 8.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 46 32 6.2 3.8

Construction........................................................................... 1,755 1,367 20.1 16.3

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,584 1,453 10.3 9.6

Durable goods...................................................................... 1,028 920 10.7 9.6

Nondurable goods................................................................. 556 533 9.7 9.6

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,998 1,845 9.8 9.0

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 461 483 7.8 8.0

Information............................................................................ 319 227 9.8 7.3

Financial activities.................................................................... 618 612 6.8 6.8

Professional and business services................................................ 1,624 1,429 11.5 9.8

Education and health services...................................................... 1,150 1,242 5.4 5.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,601 1,402 12.4 10.6

Other services........................................................................ 498 536 8.1 8.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 163 131 10.8 8.7

Government workers.................................................................... 771 836 3.4 3.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 600 636 5.6 6.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Apr.

2011

May

2011

May

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

May

2011

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 5.7 5.2 5.1 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 9.3 8.7 8.7 9.6 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 10.0 9.2 9.2 10.3 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.5 9.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 10.6 10.1 10.0 10.9 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.4 10.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 16.1 15.5 15.4 16.5 16.1 15.9 15.7 15.9 15.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

May

2010

May

2011

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 83,633 85,864 32,973 34,200 50,661 51,664

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 6,381 6,821 3,078 3,337 3,303 3,484

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,223 2,206 1,177 1,158 1,046 1,047

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 1,083 822 644 469 438 353

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,140 1,384 533 689 608 695

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 7,261 7,084 3,559 3,491 3,702 3,593

Percent of total employed........................................... 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.6 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,826 3,731 2,134 1,987 1,692 1,744

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,903 1,883 591 670 1,312 1,214

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 309 295 216 185 94 111

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,177 1,130 592 629 584 501

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Change

from:

Apr.2011 -

May2011p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,801 129,899 131,071 131,753 130,173 130,757 130,989 131,043 54

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,405 107,332 108,480 109,203 107,193 108,582 108,833 108,916 83

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,755 17,507 17,771 18,018 17,763 17,956 17,994 17,997 3

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 744 757 773 698 759 768 774 6

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 47.3 44.2 45.7 50.8 49.8 47.8 47.3 -0.5

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646.2 696.4 712.6 727.0 647.3 708.9 719.8 726.5 6.7

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.6 166.0 167.3 169.7 159.0 167.2 168.7 169.7 1.0

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.0 199.5 207.7 215.2 202.4 208.1 210.9 212.4 1.5

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 83.8 84.9 85.3 80.6 83.9 85.3 85.3 0.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.6 330.9 337.6 342.1 285.9 333.6 340.2 344.4 4.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,564 5,184 5,385 5,576 5,529 5,522 5,527 5,529 2

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,238.6 1,168.4 1,185.7 1,212.1 1,243.3 1,224.2 1,220.0 1,214.7 -5.3

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576.6 536.0 543.8 556.9 578.6 565.1 563.1 557.2 -5.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662.0 632.4 641.9 655.2 664.7 659.1 656.9 657.5 0.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 842.2 756.5 825.4 877.8 820.3 839.3 851.6 854.7 3.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,483.1 3,258.7 3,373.4 3,486.3 3,465.6 3,458.0 3,455.8 3,460.0 4.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,487.7 1,358.6 1,415.4 1,484.7 1,475.9 1,457.3 1,455.3 1,469.4 14.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 1,995.4 1,900.1 1,958.0 2,001.6 1,989.7 2,000.7 2,000.5 1,990.6 -9.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,496 11,579 11,629 11,669 11,536 11,675 11,699 11,694 -5

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,048 7,187 7,224 7,250 7,065 7,232 7,250 7,258 8

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.0 333.6 336.9 338.6 346.2 342.7 340.2 338.0 -2.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.0 358.4 370.1 375.7 374.4 372.1 371.4 372.5 1.1

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.1 375.2 379.0 382.9 361.0 376.4 380.9 384.0 3.1

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269.8 1,331.1 1,335.5 1,344.3 1,279.7 1,339.0 1,344.7 1,351.2 6.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986.4 1,027.0 1,032.0 1,037.6 992.0 1,030.8 1,036.1 1,041.6 5.5

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,093.8 1,118.3 1,120.9 1,120.9 1,096.9 1,119.6 1,123.1 1,122.7 -0.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 159.9 169.9 170.0 169.6 159.9 169.5 170.0 169.4 -0.6

Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 117.4 119.2 118.2 117.3 118.3 119.6 118.8 -0.8

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.9 382.4 382.4 383.5 368.9 382.3 383.2 384.6 1.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.2 403.3 403.2 402.8 405.5 404.1 404.1 403.2 -0.9

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 358.2 365.7 366.9 367.8 359.4 368.1 368.8 368.8 0.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332.7 1,357.9 1,360.7 1,354.2 1,329.3 1,357.1 1,360.1 1,351.3 -8.8

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679.2 696.8 699.4 696.7 676.0 695.0 697.9 694.5 -3.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.2 347.4 348.7 354.2 358.8 351.1 350.3 352.5 2.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.7 572.4 573.0 573.5 567.1 575.0 574.2 574.9 0.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,448 4,392 4,405 4,419 4,471 4,443 4,449 4,436 -13

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,430.9 1,419.9 1,424.7 1,429.3 1,451.4 1,449.7 1,456.0 1,449.0 -7.0

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 181.9 173.7 176.2 181.3 182.9 179.8 180.6 181.9 1.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.0 121.0 121.8 122.7 119.5 121.4 121.9 122.0 0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.7 115.8 115.5 116.2 120.0 116.4 116.2 115.9 -0.3

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.2 154.9 156.6 157.5 157.4 156.2 157.1 157.4 0.3

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 29.3 29.2 28.8 27.3 29.2 29.0 28.7 -0.3

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.7 395.0 396.4 395.1 397.7 397.5 397.9 395.4 -2.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 489.8 472.1 470.1 468.2 490.3 473.5 472.4 468.1 -4.3

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.0 109.0 111.7 113.2 114.1 112.7 112.9 112.3 -0.6

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.2 773.9 775.2 776.3 785.9 776.1 777.3 776.5 -0.8

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.7 627.0 628.0 630.3 624.5 630.6 628.1 628.9 0.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,650 89,825 90,709 91,185 89,430 90,626 90,839 90,919 80

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,524 24,505 24,678 24,822 24,584 24,791 24,869 24,872 3

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,447.8 5,492.0 5,515.6 5,538.1 5,444.6 5,522.6 5,527.9 5,531.2 3.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,711.4 2,750.3 2,756.3 2,769.8 2,714.8 2,764.0 2,766.7 2,771.5 4.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,934.2 1,931.9 1,945.7 1,953.1 1,928.0 1,945.7 1,946.5 1,945.1 -1.4

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 802.2 809.8 813.6 815.2 801.8 812.9 814.7 814.6 -0.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,359.9 14,259.5 14,389.5 14,474.1 14,421.0 14,472.2 14,536.2 14,527.7 -8.5

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630.4 1,643.7 1,665.1 1,675.4 1,624.4 1,659.9 1,667.3 1,670.0 2.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,001.7 1,023.8 1,032.6 1,039.8 1,001.6 1,030.1 1,035.3 1,040.4 5.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 430.0 428.5 428.4 428.0 436.7 435.1 435.1 435.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Change

from:

Apr.2011 -

May2011p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.1 494.0 495.7 491.5 494.2 496.3 501.4 501.0 -0.4

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,201.1 1,113.5 1,170.5 1,189.5 1,139.1 1,124.1 1,131.7 1,123.4 -8.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,808.5 2,790.4 2,807.6 2,825.6 2,811.2 2,819.9 2,832.2 2,825.9 -6.3

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 979.3 962.8 966.1 969.7 980.7 969.7 971.9 970.9 -1.0

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819.7 803.5 810.5 821.0 817.8 814.5 816.2 818.4 2.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,332.4 1,372.2 1,383.1 1,379.7 1,372.1 1,418.5 1,422.4 1,422.9 0.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.3 582.4 577.9 579.3 600.0 598.9 597.3 596.7 -0.6

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,922.1 2,918.1 2,930.6 2,942.8 2,965.1 2,958.0 2,984.9 2,984.8 -0.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,447.8 1,454.9 1,454.2 1,459.7 1,487.2 1,488.4 1,498.0 1,497.7 -0.3

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.6 745.8 751.8 765.0 761.5 762.8 761.7 761.9 0.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.4 404.6 402.2 406.6 418.2 414.5 414.1 416.7 2.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,162.7 4,204.3 4,223.6 4,256.7 4,165.3 4,246.2 4,253.2 4,261.2 8.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.6 472.2 471.8 473.4 463.4 472.6 470.8 473.1 2.3

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.3 220.8 222.1 222.4 212.2 221.5 221.8 222.2 0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.4 62.7 64.4 62.8 64.6 64.2 64.5 0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234.9 1,244.5 1,256.6 1,268.1 1,241.2 1,270.7 1,274.0 1,274.1 0.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440.8 455.4 461.1 465.5 424.5 444.8 448.5 449.8 1.3

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 42.9 43.2 43.1 41.9 43.2 43.2 43.2 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 29.5 21.8 23.6 30.5 27.7 28.0 26.8 28.3 1.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 538.8 547.4 553.2 554.6 541.4 552.3 555.7 556.1 0.4

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.8 514.2 508.0 511.6 520.4 521.6 520.9 521.8 0.9

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.5 622.7 621.3 623.1 629.8 626.9 627.3 628.1 0.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.5 548.7 549.6 552.9 553.4 550.1 551.6 552.2 0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,718 2,679 2,681 2,684 2,715 2,683 2,682 2,681 -1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 759.1 754.5 755.4 752.8 761.9 756.1 756.8 755.6 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.4 366.2 367.9 372.4 375.7 367.5 364.5 364.8 0.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.8 295.5 294.1 293.7 293.6 296.1 295.8 295.5 -0.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.9 872.8 866.9 864.4 901.0 872.4 871.0 867.6 -3.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.3 240.7 242.6 242.8 242.3 240.1 239.8 240.5 0.7

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.3 149.2 153.6 157.4 140.5 150.7 153.9 156.6 2.7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,625 7,572 7,580 7,601 7,640 7,611 7,609 7,612 3

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,682.7 5,663.5 5,656.9 5,657.1 5,694.4 5,668.5 5,665.5 5,667.1 1.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 21.1 21.0 21.2 20.7 21.1 21.0 21.2 0.2

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,535.3 2,534.6 2,533.3 2,527.0 2,542.3 2,536.8 2,535.9 2,533.2 -2.7

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,725.7 1,742.0 1,746.3 1,747.7 1,731.2 1,746.3 1,749.0 1,750.9 1.9

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301.7 1,314.9 1,318.4 1,318.0 1,305.2 1,317.6 1,320.4 1,321.5 1.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798.5 807.7 806.0 805.8 801.5 807.4 807.9 808.2 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,241.4 2,213.3 2,210.0 2,215.9 2,242.6 2,215.9 2,213.7 2,216.9 3.2

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 86.8 86.8 86.6 87.2 87.3 87.3 87.0 87.6 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,942.7 1,908.0 1,923.2 1,943.8 1,945.9 1,942.8 1,943.5 1,944.7 1.2

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396.8 1,374.5 1,388.1 1,401.8 1,400.5 1,396.2 1,400.7 1,403.7 3.0

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520.8 507.9 509.5 516.3 520.2 520.9 517.1 515.2 -1.9

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 25.1 25.6 25.6 25.7 25.2 25.7 25.7 25.8 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,618 16,869 17,111 17,152 16,640 17,066 17,116 17,160 44

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,325.8 7,614.3 7,651.2 7,545.2 7,407.0 7,549.6 7,575.9 7,616.2 40.3

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109.5 1,108.0 1,106.7 1,106.6 1,113.1 1,112.1 1,111.4 1,110.4 -1.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 824.6 1,019.7 1,012.0 871.7 884.8 904.3 908.5 926.3 17.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,273.1 1,272.9 1,286.7 1,295.9 1,277.0 1,291.3 1,295.6 1,298.6 3.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,429.4 1,477.6 1,488.9 1,494.9 1,434.8 1,485.7 1,491.5 1,499.7 8.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977.4 1,013.6 1,026.6 1,034.2 982.7 1,022.7 1,032.9 1,038.1 5.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,856.7 1,869.3 1,868.3 1,880.0 1,861.3 1,875.8 1,877.5 1,882.4 4.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,435.4 7,385.5 7,591.6 7,726.9 7,371.2 7,641.0 7,662.2 7,661.6 -0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Change

from:

Apr.2011 -

May2011p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 7,078.6 7,032.3 7,233.2 7,363.2 7,014.5 7,279.4 7,299.8 7,298.1 -1.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,697.9 2,802.0 2,854.9 2,908.7 2,696.9 2,910.3 2,913.3 2,911.1 -2.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,058.7 2,157.8 2,195.8 2,244.0 2,057.5 2,247.6 2,246.0 2,244.8 -1.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.0 806.1 801.0 793.7 804.1 802.3 803.5 801.6 -1.9

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,811.0 1,633.7 1,769.0 1,839.7 1,740.0 1,763.3 1,768.5 1,766.6 -1.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.8 353.2 358.4 363.7 356.7 361.6 362.4 363.5 1.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,569 19,999 20,086 20,016 19,508 19,865 19,919 19,953 34

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,182.8 3,350.7 3,377.6 3,268.4 3,138.2 3,203.1 3,215.7 3,222.3 6.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,386.6 16,648.4 16,708.2 16,747.7 16,369.7 16,662.1 16,703.1 16,730.3 27.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,737.5 13,964.6 14,010.3 14,030.6 13,754.1 13,992.7 14,029.4 14,046.8 17.4

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 5,953.9 6,075.7 6,106.0 6,116.5 5,954.8 6,088.5 6,108.4 6,118.5 10.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,307.2 2,339.3 2,345.4 2,348.2 2,311.6 2,343.4 2,350.3 2,352.5 2.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597.0 614.5 617.9 620.7 597.5 615.6 617.8 621.1 3.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076.6 1,111.1 1,118.5 1,116.1 1,074.2 1,112.8 1,115.8 1,115.4 -0.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,665.8 4,720.5 4,729.9 4,733.3 4,678.5 4,728.6 4,740.1 4,744.2 4.1

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,117.8 3,168.4 3,174.4 3,180.8 3,120.8 3,175.6 3,180.9 3,184.1 3.2

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,656.4 1,676.4 1,677.2 1,678.7 1,657.7 1,680.3 1,680.7 1,680.3 -0.4

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,649.1 2,683.8 2,697.9 2,717.1 2,615.6 2,669.4 2,673.7 2,683.5 9.8

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875.4 878.9 883.0 887.4 852.6 860.5 861.5 863.6 2.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,228 12,788 13,133 13,444 12,995 13,171 13,203 13,197 -6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981.1 1,748.5 1,865.1 1,973.1 1,899.8 1,904.7 1,904.5 1,890.8 -13.7

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 432.8 390.5 416.4 418.7 411.1 415.6 409.9 397.6 -12.3

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 132.6 121.5 129.8 135.0 127.0 129.7 131.0 129.3 -1.7

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,415.7 1,236.5 1,318.9 1,419.4 1,361.7 1,359.4 1,363.6 1,363.9 0.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,246.5 11,039.3 11,268.0 11,471.2 11,095.3 11,266.3 11,298.4 11,305.7 7.3

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,753.2 1,719.8 1,745.9 1,780.1 1,758.3 1,783.4 1,787.4 1,781.1 -6.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,493.3 9,319.5 9,522.1 9,691.1 9,337.0 9,482.9 9,511.0 9,524.6 13.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,368 5,413 5,440 5,466 5,348 5,439 5,441 5,444 3

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,147.8 1,149.7 1,155.5 1,161.9 1,139.0 1,152.2 1,150.2 1,151.9 1.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279.4 1,272.0 1,283.2 1,296.5 1,264.4 1,278.5 1,279.0 1,280.7 1.7

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,941.1 2,990.9 3,000.9 3,007.1 2,944.2 3,008.7 3,012.2 3,011.5 -0.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,396 22,567 22,591 22,550 22,980 22,175 22,156 22,127 -29

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,410.0 2,834.0 2,846.0 2,847.0 3,413.0 2,854.0 2,850.0 2,851.0 1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,754.6 2,204.4 2,211.3 2,220.9 2,753.3 2,220.3 2,217.8 2,220.3 2.5

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.2 629.8 634.9 626.5 659.7 633.7 632.4 630.2 -2.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,176.0 5,253.0 5,253.0 5,150.0 5,135.0 5,119.0 5,113.0 5,111.0 -2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403.7 2,540.5 2,540.7 2,437.0 2,367.1 2,397.2 2,397.0 2,400.8 3.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,771.9 2,712.7 2,712.7 2,713.2 2,768.1 2,721.4 2,716.1 2,710.4 -5.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,810.0 14,480.0 14,492.0 14,553.0 14,432.0 14,202.0 14,193.0 14,165.0 -28.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,435.4 8,290.6 8,289.1 8,293.2 8,052.5 7,918.0 7,919.2 7,901.7 -17.5

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,374.5 6,189.0 6,202.4 6,259.5 6,379.7 6,284.4 6,273.4 6,263.2 -10.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.8 39.9 39.9 40.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.1 44.2 43.8 44.4

Construction........................................................................ 37.8 37.9 38.2 38.5

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.6

Durable goods................................................................... 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.9

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.1 39.8 39.8 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.3 34.5 34.6 34.6

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.1 38.5 38.6 38.7

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.4 31.4 31.6 31.5

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.5 38.8 38.8 38.9

Utilities............................................................................ 41.6 41.9 42.0 42.4

Information.......................................................................... 36.6 36.5 36.6 36.7

Financial activities................................................................. 37.0 36.9 37.1 36.9

Professional and business services............................................. 35.4 35.6 35.7 35.7

Education and health services................................................... 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.7 25.9 26.0 26.0

Other services...................................................................... 31.8 31.7 31.8 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Total private................................................. $22.57 $22.89 $22.92 $22.98 $ 771.89 $ 785.13 $ 788.45 $ 790.51

Goods-producing........................................ 24.05 24.29 24.34 24.40 957.19 969.17 971.17 978.44

Mining and logging................................... 27.53 28.10 28.34 28.35 1,214.07 1,242.02 1,241.29 1,258.74

Construction........................................... 25.15 25.37 25.38 25.37 950.67 961.52 969.52 976.75

Manufacturing......................................... 23.33 23.55 23.59 23.68 944.87 953.78 953.04 961.41

Durable goods...................................... 24.81 25.05 25.09 25.20 1,012.25 1,024.55 1,023.67 1,030.68

Nondurable goods................................. 20.94 21.03 21.09 21.13 839.69 836.99 839.38 845.20

Private service-providing............................... 22.22 22.56 22.59 22.64 735.48 748.99 752.25 753.91

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.66 19.86 19.93 19.96 674.34 685.17 689.58 690.62

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.13 26.10 26.24 26.23 995.55 1,004.85 1,012.86 1,015.10

Retail trade.......................................... 15.58 15.68 15.73 15.72 489.21 492.35 497.07 495.18

Transportation and warehousing................. 20.91 21.43 21.53 21.60 805.04 831.48 835.36 840.24

Utilities............................................... 32.85 33.41 33.72 33.91 1,366.56 1,399.88 1,416.24 1,437.78

Information............................................. 30.41 31.78 31.44 31.47 1,113.01 1,159.97 1,150.70 1,154.95

Financial activities.................................... 27.16 27.63 27.65 27.62 1,004.92 1,019.55 1,025.82 1,019.18

Professional and business services................ 27.17 27.54 27.58 27.66 961.82 980.42 984.61 987.46

Education and health services...................... 22.89 23.38 23.41 23.50 750.79 764.53 767.85 773.15

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.08 13.19 13.21 13.24 336.16 341.62 343.46 344.24

Other services......................................... 20.14 20.37 20.36 20.42 640.45 645.73 647.45 651.40

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2011 -

May

2011p

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2011 -

May

2011p

Total private....................................... 91.9 93.3 93.8 93.9 0.1 98.9 101.9 102.5 102.9 0.4

Goods-producing............................... 80.5 81.6 81.8 82.2 0.5 87.5 89.6 90.0 90.7 0.8

Mining and logging.......................... 96.7 105.4 105.7 108.0 2.2 106.9 118.9 120.3 122.9 2.2

Construction.................................. 72.0 72.1 72.8 73.4 0.8 78.7 79.5 80.2 80.9 0.9

Manufacturing................................ 84.1 85.1 85.0 85.4 0.5 91.2 93.2 93.3 94.1 0.9

Durable goods............................ 81.2 83.3 83.3 83.6 0.4 89.4 92.6 92.8 93.5 0.8

Nondurable goods........................ 89.5 88.3 88.4 88.6 0.2 95.1 94.2 94.6 95.0 0.4

Private service-providing...................... 95.1 96.6 97.2 97.2 0.0 102.3 105.6 106.3 106.7 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 91.6 93.0 93.5 93.5 0.0 97.0 99.4 100.3 100.5 0.2

Wholesale trade........................... 90.5 92.8 93.1 93.4 0.3 98.7 101.0 102.0 102.2 0.2

Retail trade................................ 92.0 92.3 93.3 92.9 -0.4 94.7 95.7 97.0 96.6 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 91.8 94.3 94.4 94.9 0.5 97.4 102.5 103.2 104.0 0.8

Utilities..................................... 99.6 99.7 100.2 101.3 1.1 108.1 110.1 111.6 113.5 1.7

Information................................... 90.8 89.4 89.6 89.9 0.3 98.3 101.2 100.4 100.7 0.3

Financial activities........................... 93.1 92.5 93.0 92.6 -0.4 98.8 99.8 100.4 99.8 -0.6

Professional and business services....... 92.6 95.6 96.1 96.4 0.3 102.0 106.6 107.4 108.0 0.6

Education and health services............. 104.1 105.7 106.3 106.8 0.5 111.7 115.8 116.6 117.6 0.9

Leisure and hospitality...................... 95.3 97.3 97.9 97.9 0.0 100.6 103.6 104.4 104.6 0.2

Other services............................... 94.2 95.5 95.9 96.2 0.3 107.7 110.4 110.8 111.5 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Total nonfarm............................................... 64,885 64,793 64,918 64,917 49.8 49.6 49.6 49.5

Total private.............................................. 51,832 52,185 52,316 52,318 48.4 48.1 48.1 48.0

Goods-producing...................................... 4,105 4,071 4,067 4,056 23.1 22.7 22.6 22.5

Mining and logging................................. 97 103 104 104 13.9 13.6 13.5 13.4

Construction........................................ 727 711 711 706 13.1 12.9 12.9 12.8

Manufacturing....................................... 3,281 3,257 3,252 3,246 28.4 27.9 27.8 27.8

Durable goods................................... 1,735 1,726 1,721 1,718 24.6 23.9 23.7 23.7

Nondurable goods............................... 1,546 1,531 1,531 1,528 34.6 34.5 34.4 34.4

Private service-providing............................. 47,727 48,114 48,249 48,262 53.4 53.1 53.1 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,005 9,992 10,022 10,010 40.7 40.3 40.3 40.2

Wholesale trade................................. 1,637.7 1,658.7 1,661.5 1,659.5 30.1 30.0 30.1 30.0

Retail trade....................................... 7,229.6 7,195.4 7,220.4 7,208.4 50.1 49.7 49.7 49.6

Transportation and warehousing.............. 998.8 1,003.4 1,005.1 1,007.1 24.0 23.6 23.6 23.6

Utilities............................................ 139.3 134.7 134.8 135.2 25.2 24.5 24.4 24.5

Information.......................................... 1,108 1,093 1,091 1,089 40.8 40.7 40.7 40.6

Financial activities.................................. 4,499 4,444 4,446 4,450 58.9 58.4 58.4 58.5

Professional and business services............. 7,416 7,583 7,617 7,636 44.6 44.4 44.5 44.5

Education and health services................... 15,056 15,260 15,302 15,314 77.2 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,813 6,878 6,901 6,891 52.4 52.2 52.3 52.2

Other services...................................... 2,830 2,864 2,870 2,872 52.9 52.7 52.7 52.8

Government.............................................. 13,053 12,608 12,602 12,599 56.8 56.9 56.9 56.9

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Total private................................................................................ 88,354 89,483 89,694 89,759

Goods-producing........................................................................ 12,777 12,941 12,971 12,976

Mining and logging................................................................... 520 570 579 583

Construction........................................................................... 4,166 4,183 4,178 4,175

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,091 8,188 8,214 8,218

Durable goods...................................................................... 4,833 4,953 4,969 4,983

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,258 3,235 3,245 3,235

Private service-providing............................................................... 75,577 76,542 76,723 76,783

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 20,844 20,969 21,047 21,032

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,379.3 4,421.8 4,426.1 4,430.9

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,407.6 12,457.0 12,516.5 12,494.4

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,611.6 3,651.1 3,663.4 3,665.9

Utilities............................................................................... 445.3 438.8 440.6 441.2

Information............................................................................ 2,175 2,154 2,155 2,154

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,905 5,830 5,826 5,819

Professional and business services................................................ 13,620 14,027 14,058 14,103

Education and health services...................................................... 17,091 17,405 17,444 17,472

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,471 11,603 11,639 11,650

Other services........................................................................ 4,471 4,554 4,554 4,553

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.4 33.6 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.3 46.0 46.7 47.0

Construction........................................................................ 38.1 38.6 38.8 39.1

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.5 41.4 41.4 41.4

Durable goods................................................................... 41.6 41.9 41.7 41.8

Nondurable goods............................................................... 41.2 40.7 40.9 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.2 32.4 32.4 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.3 33.6 33.7 33.5

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.0 38.5 38.5 38.5

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.2 30.3 30.5 30.2

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 36.9 38.0 37.9 37.8

Utilities............................................................................ 42.2 42.7 42.8 42.8

Information.......................................................................... 36.5 36.3 36.4 36.3

Financial activities................................................................. 36.3 36.2 36.2 36.2

Professional and business services............................................. 35.1 35.1 35.3 35.1

Education and health services................................................... 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.8

Other services...................................................................... 30.7 30.8 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.9 4.4 4.2 4.1

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Total private................................................. $19.03 $19.32 $19.37 $19.43 $ 635.60 $ 649.15 $ 650.83 $ 652.85

Goods-producing........................................ 20.21 20.59 20.59 20.63 818.51 838.01 840.07 843.77

Mining and logging................................... 23.76 24.33 23.88 24.20 1,076.33 1,119.18 1,115.20 1,137.40

Construction........................................... 23.10 23.49 23.57 23.58 880.11 906.71 914.52 921.98

Manufacturing......................................... 18.59 18.91 18.91 18.93 771.49 782.87 782.87 783.70

Durable goods...................................... 19.78 20.12 20.14 20.16 822.85 843.03 839.84 842.69

Nondurable goods................................. 16.81 17.01 16.99 17.00 692.57 692.31 694.89 695.30

Private service-providing............................... 18.78 19.05 19.12 19.18 604.72 617.22 619.49 619.51

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 16.81 17.07 17.10 17.15 559.77 573.55 576.27 574.53

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.47 21.84 21.91 22.00 815.86 840.84 843.54 847.00

Retail trade.......................................... 13.20 13.41 13.43 13.40 398.64 406.32 409.62 404.68

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.28 19.31 19.39 19.51 711.43 733.78 734.88 737.48

Utilities............................................... 30.15 30.74 31.16 31.10 1,272.33 1,312.60 1,333.65 1,331.08

Information............................................. 25.81 26.51 26.69 26.74 942.07 962.31 971.52 970.66

Financial activities.................................... 21.43 21.71 21.81 21.76 777.91 785.90 789.52 787.71

Professional and business services................ 22.76 23.00 23.11 23.19 798.88 807.30 815.78 813.97

Education and health services...................... 20.03 20.46 20.50 20.58 644.97 658.81 660.10 664.73

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.35 11.40 11.43 11.49 281.48 283.86 284.61 284.95

Other services......................................... 17.06 17.14 17.21 17.24 523.74 527.91 528.35 529.27

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2011 -

May

2011p

May

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011p

May

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2011 -

May

2011p

Total private....................................... 98.6 100.5 100.7 100.8 0.1 125.4 129.7 130.3 130.8 0.4

Goods-producing............................... 79.1 80.5 80.9 81.1 0.2 97.9 101.5 102.0 102.5 0.5

Mining and logging.......................... 125.2 139.3 143.7 145.6 1.3 173.0 197.2 199.6 204.9 2.7

Construction.................................. 79.5 80.8 81.2 81.7 0.6 99.1 102.5 103.3 104.1 0.8

Manufacturing................................ 77.1 77.8 78.0 78.1 0.1 93.7 96.2 96.5 96.7 0.2

Durable goods............................ 75.5 78.0 77.8 78.2 0.5 93.3 97.9 97.9 98.5 0.6

Nondurable goods........................ 79.1 77.6 78.2 78.0 -0.3 93.9 93.3 93.9 93.7 -0.2

Private service-providing...................... 104.1 106.0 106.3 106.0 -0.3 134.0 138.5 139.3 139.5 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 96.8 98.2 98.9 98.2 -0.7 116.0 119.6 120.6 120.2 -0.3

Wholesale trade........................... 98.0 100.3 100.4 100.5 0.1 123.9 129.0 129.5 130.2 0.5

Retail trade................................ 94.8 95.5 96.6 95.5 -1.1 107.3 109.8 111.2 109.7 -1.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 100.3 104.4 104.5 104.3 -0.2 122.7 127.9 128.6 129.1 0.4

Utilities..................................... 96.1 95.8 96.5 96.6 0.1 121.0 123.0 125.5 125.4 -0.1

Information................................... 90.6 89.3 89.6 89.3 -0.3 115.8 117.1 118.3 118.2 -0.1

Financial activities........................... 102.6 101.0 100.9 100.8 -0.1 135.9 135.6 136.1 135.6 -0.4

Professional and business services....... 107.1 110.3 111.2 110.9 -0.3 145.1 151.0 152.9 153.1 0.1

Education and health services............. 118.7 120.9 121.2 121.7 0.4 156.3 162.6 163.3 164.7 0.9

Leisure and hospitality...................... 104.3 105.9 106.2 105.9 -0.3 134.4 137.1 137.9 138.2 0.2

Other services............................... 96.3 98.4 98.1 98.1 0.0 119.7 122.9 123.0 123.2 0.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary