Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-14-0701 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 2, 2014 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2014 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 288,000, and the unemployment rate fell by 0.4 

percentage point to 6.3 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment 

gains were widespread, led by job growth in professional and business services, retail trade, food 

services and drinking places, and construction. 

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, April 2012 – April 2014

Percent

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

A pr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 A pr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 A pr-14

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2012 – April 2014

Household Survey Data 

In April, the unemployment rate fell from 6.7 percent to 6.3 percent, and the number of unemployed 

persons, at 9.8 million, decreased by 733,000. Both measures had shown little movement over the prior 

4 months. Over the year, the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons declined by 1.2 

percentage points and 1.9 million, respectively. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, unemployment rates declined in April for adult men (5.9 percent), 

adult women (5.7 percent), teenagers (19.1 percent), whites (5.3 percent), blacks (11.6 percent), and 

Hispanics (7.3 percent). The jobless rate for Asians was 5.7 percent (not seasonally adjusted), little 

changed over the year. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 
- 2 - 

In April, the number of unemployed reentrants and new entrants declined by 417,000 and 126,000, 

respectively. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force prior to 

beginning their job search, and new entrants are persons who have never worked.) The number of job 

losers and persons who completed temporary jobs decreased by 253,000 to 5.2 million. (See 

table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined by 287,000 in 

April to 3.5 million; these individuals accounted for 35.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 

months, the number of long-term unemployed has decreased by 908,000. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force dropped by 806,000 in April, following an increase of 503,000 in March. The 

labor force participation rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 62.8 percent in April. The participation 

rate has shown no clear trend in recent months and currently is the same as it was this past October. The 

employment-population ratio showed no change over the month (58.9 percent) and has changed little 

over the year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 7.5 million in April. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time 

work. (See table A-8.) 

In April, 2.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down slightly from a year 

earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 783,000 discouraged workers in April, little changed from 

a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 288,000 in April. Job growth had averaged 190,000 

per month over the prior 12 months. In April, employment growth was widespread, led by gains in 

professional and business services, retail trade, food services and drinking places, and construction. (See 

table B-1.) 

Professional and business services added 75,000 jobs in April. Employment in this industry had 

increased by an average of 55,000 per month over the prior 12 months. In April, employment growth 

continued in temporary help services (+24,000), in management of companies and enterprises 

(+12,000), and in computer systems design and related services (+9,000). 

Retail trade employment rose by 35,000 in April. Over the past 12 months, employment in this industry 

has grown by 327,000. Within retail trade, job growth over the month occurred in food and beverage 

stores (+9,000), general merchandise stores (+8,000), motor vehicle and parts dealers (+6,000), and 
- 3 - 

nonstore retailers (+4,000). Electronics and appliance stores lost 11,000 jobs in April. Wholesale trade

added 16,000 jobs over the month and has added 126,000 jobs over the year. 

In April, employment rose in food services and drinking places (+33,000), about in line with its prior 

12-month average gain of 28,000 per month. 

In April, employment in construction grew by 32,000, with job growth in heavy and civil engineering 

construction (+11,000) and residential building (+7,000). Construction has added 189,000 jobs over the 

past year, with almost three-fourths of the gain occurring in the past 6 months. 

Health care employment increased by 19,000 in April, about in line with the prior 12-month average 

gain of 17,000 per month. Employment in other services, which includes membership associations and 

personal and laundry services, rose by 15,000 over the month. 

Mining added 10,000 jobs in April, with most of the gain in support activities for mining (+7,000). 

Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, transportation and warehousing, 

information, financial activities, and government, changed little over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in 

April. The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.2 hour in April to 40.8 hours, and factory overtime 

was unchanged at 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls were unchanged at 

$24.31. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have risen by 1.9 percent. In April, average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees edged up by 3 cents to 

$20.50. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +197,000 to +222,000, 

and the change for March was revised from +192,000 to +203,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in February and March were 36,000 higher than previously reported. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 6, 2014, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT). 
- 4 - 

Upcoming Changes to the Establishment Survey Data 

Effective with the release of July 2014 data on August 1, 2014, the establishment survey will 

implement new sample units into production on a quarterly basis, replacing the current practice 

of implementing new sample units annually. There is no change to the establishment survey 

sample design. More information about the quarterly sample implementation is available at

www.bls.gov/ces/cesqsi.htm. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Change from:

Mar. 2014-

Apr. 2014

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 245,175 247,085 247,258 247,439 181

Civilian labor force........................................................... 155,359 155,724 156,227 155,421 -806

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.4 63.0 63.2 62.8 -0.4

Employed................................................................... 143,676 145,266 145,742 145,669 -73

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.6 58.8 58.9 58.9 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 11,683 10,459 10,486 9,753 -733

Unemployment rate.................................................... 7.5 6.7 6.7 6.3 -0.4

Not in labor force............................................................ 89,815 91,361 91,030 92,018 988

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 7.5 6.7 6.7 6.3 -0.4

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 7.1 6.4 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 6.6 5.9 6.2 5.7 -0.5

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 23.7 21.4 20.9 19.1 -1.8

White.......................................................................... 6.6 5.8 5.8 5.3 -0.5

Black or African American.................................................. 13.1 12.0 12.4 11.6 -0.8

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ 5.1 6.0 5.4 5.7 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 9.0 8.1 7.9 7.3 -0.6

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.2 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 11.5 9.8 9.6 8.9 -0.7

High school graduates, no college........................................ 7.5 6.4 6.3 6.3 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 6.3 6.2 6.1 5.7 -0.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 6,367 5,448 5,489 5,236 -253

Job leavers...................................................................... 857 823 815 784 -31

Reentrants....................................................................... 3,131 2,997 3,037 2,620 -417

New entrants.................................................................... 1,268 1,229 1,169 1,043 -126

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,491 2,373 2,461 2,447 -14

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,844 2,568 2,581 2,359 -222

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,969 1,615 1,677 1,533 -144

27 weeks and over............................................................. 4,360 3,849 3,739 3,452 -287

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 7,929 7,186 7,411 7,465 54

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 5,124 4,251 4,512 4,555 43

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,549 2,692 2,731 2,669 -62

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 18,921 19,027 19,216 18,886 -330

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,347 2,303 2,168 2,160 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 835 755 698 783 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 222 203 288

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 201 202 273

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 48 29 53

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 4 5 9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 24 17 32

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 20 7 12

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 17 14 11

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.7 11.8 0.4 5.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 3 -7 1

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 153 173 220

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 14.7 4.4 15.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 -5.6 24.8 34.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 -4.9 12.0 11.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 -11 -1 -3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 0 6

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 82 52 75

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 25.4 24.7 24.0

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 32 37 40

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 23.8 31.0 27.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 35 34 28

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 7 15

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 21 1 15

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.0

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 82.7 82.7 82.7

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.3 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23.86 $24.29 $24.31 $24.31

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $820.78 $833.15 $838.70 $838.70

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.0 99.4 100.1 100.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 -0.1 0.7 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.6 115.2 116.2 116.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.4 33.7 33.7

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.04 $20.49 $20.47 $20.50

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $675.35 $684.37 $689.84 $690.85

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.8 106.6 107.8 108.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 -0.4 1.1 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.6 146.0 147.5 148.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.1 1.0 0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (264 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 61.0 61.0 67.0

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.9 53.1 53.7 58.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on 

employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay 

for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, 

but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be 

off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such 

as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have 

to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more than 20 percent of all employees 

in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of 

the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to 

quantify the effect of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of 

the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page at 

http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month 

the CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses 

and government agencies, representing approximately 

554,000 individual worksites, in order to provide 

detailed industry data on employment, hours, and 

earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The 

active sample includes approximately one-third of 

all nonfarm payroll employees. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing 

industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses

are unicorporated, unpaid family workers, and

private household workers among the employed.

These groups are excluded from the establishment

survey.

 The household survey includes people on unpaid

leave among the employed. The establishment

survey does not.

 The household survey is limited to workers 16

years of age and older. The establishment survey is

not limited by age.

 The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the

establishment survey, employees working at more

than one job and thus appearing on more than one

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the 

participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For 

example, in the household survey, the large number of 

youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure 

any other changes that have taken place relative to May, 

making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived 

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex 

components; this differs from the unemployment estimate 

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by 

combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age 

categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

90,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These 

figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these 

magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this 

interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, 

we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment 

had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported 

nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the 

values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be 

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-

percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen 

that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, 

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change 

in unemployment as measured by the household survey is 

about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the 

unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245,175 247,258 247,439 245,175 246,745 246,915 247,085 247,258 247,439

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,739 155,627 154,845 155,359 154,937 155,460 155,724 156,227 155,421

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 62.9 62.6 63.4 62.8 63.0 63.0 63.2 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,724 145,090 145,767 143,676 144,586 145,224 145,266 145,742 145,669

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.7 58.9 58.6 58.6 58.8 58.8 58.9 58.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,014 10,537 9,079 11,683 10,351 10,236 10,459 10,486 9,753

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.8 5.9 7.5 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,436 91,630 92,594 89,815 91,808 91,455 91,361 91,030 92,018

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,329 5,891 6,088 6,389 6,111 6,348 6,060 6,146 6,146

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,296 119,395 119,488 118,296 119,103 119,218 119,306 119,395 119,488

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,201 82,586 82,104 82,713 82,323 82,662 82,597 83,052 82,586

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 69.2 68.7 69.9 69.1 69.3 69.2 69.6 69.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,029 76,718 77,086 76,270 76,723 77,060 76,808 77,416 77,292

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 64.3 64.5 64.5 64.4 64.6 64.4 64.8 64.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,172 5,868 5,018 6,443 5,599 5,602 5,789 5,636 5,294

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 7.1 6.1 7.8 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,095 36,809 37,384 35,583 36,780 36,556 36,709 36,343 36,902

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,736 110,930 111,027 109,736 110,613 110,746 110,838 110,930 111,027

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,551 79,949 79,571 79,868 79,464 79,892 79,917 80,171 79,851

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.5 72.1 71.7 72.8 71.8 72.1 72.1 72.3 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,042 74,711 75,059 74,161 74,467 74,916 74,780 75,230 75,134

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 67.3 67.6 67.6 67.3 67.6 67.5 67.8 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,509 5,238 4,512 5,707 4,997 4,975 5,137 4,941 4,718

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 6.6 5.7 7.1 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.2 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,184 30,981 31,456 29,868 31,149 30,855 30,921 30,760 31,176

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,878 127,863 127,951 126,878 127,642 127,696 127,779 127,863 127,951

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,538 73,041 72,741 72,646 72,614 72,797 73,128 73,175 72,835

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.1 56.9 57.3 56.9 57.0 57.2 57.2 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,695 68,373 68,680 67,406 67,862 68,163 68,458 68,325 68,376

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.4 53.5 53.7 53.1 53.2 53.4 53.6 53.4 53.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,843 4,669 4,061 5,240 4,752 4,634 4,670 4,850 4,459

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.4 5.6 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,340 54,822 55,210 54,232 55,028 54,899 54,652 54,688 55,116

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,612 119,669 119,760 118,612 119,433 119,497 119,583 119,669 119,760

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,833 70,402 70,100 69,764 69,831 70,023 70,331 70,361 70,037

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 58.8 58.5 58.8 58.5 58.6 58.8 58.8 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,533 66,170 66,452 65,148 65,617 65,909 66,183 66,008 66,057

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.3 55.5 54.9 54.9 55.2 55.3 55.2 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,300 4,232 3,648 4,616 4,214 4,114 4,148 4,352 3,980

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.0 5.2 6.6 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,778 49,267 49,660 48,847 49,602 49,475 49,252 49,309 49,724

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,827 16,658 16,652 16,827 16,700 16,671 16,664 16,658 16,652

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,355 5,276 5,174 5,727 5,642 5,545 5,476 5,696 5,534

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 31.7 31.1 34.0 33.8 33.3 32.9 34.2 33.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,149 4,209 4,256 4,368 4,502 4,399 4,303 4,503 4,479

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.7 25.3 25.6 26.0 27.0 26.4 25.8 27.0 26.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,206 1,066 918 1,360 1,140 1,147 1,173 1,193 1,055

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 20.2 17.7 23.7 20.2 20.7 21.4 20.9 19.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,473 11,382 11,478 11,100 11,058 11,125 11,188 10,962 11,119

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,041 195,117 195,210 194,041 194,927 194,944 195,029 195,117 195,210

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,048 123,157 122,659 123,544 122,879 123,500 123,641 123,763 123,111

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 63.1 62.8 63.7 63.0 63.4 63.4 63.4 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,231 115,851 116,536 115,338 115,623 116,409 116,447 116,581 116,601

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 59.4 59.7 59.4 59.3 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,817 7,306 6,123 8,206 7,256 7,091 7,193 7,183 6,510

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.9 5.0 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,993 71,959 72,550 70,497 72,048 71,444 71,388 71,353 72,099

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,441 64,407 64,216 64,687 64,221 64,551 64,594 64,724 64,445

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 72.4 72.1 73.3 72.3 72.6 72.6 72.7 72.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,450 60,730 61,097 60,552 60,637 61,048 61,020 61,282 61,182

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 68.3 68.6 68.6 68.3 68.7 68.6 68.9 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,992 3,677 3,119 4,134 3,584 3,503 3,574 3,441 3,264

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 5.7 4.9 6.4 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,300 54,537 54,358 54,233 54,173 54,505 54,635 54,509 54,277

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.2 58.0 58.2 57.8 58.2 58.3 58.1 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,374 51,674 51,984 51,149 51,308 51,695 51,822 51,597 51,730

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.1 55.4 54.9 54.8 55.2 55.3 55.0 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,926 2,864 2,374 3,084 2,866 2,810 2,813 2,911 2,547

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.3 4.4 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.3 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,307 4,213 4,085 4,624 4,485 4,444 4,412 4,531 4,389

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.0 33.0 36.9 36.1 35.8 35.6 36.5 35.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,408 3,448 3,455 3,636 3,678 3,666 3,606 3,701 3,690

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 27.8 27.9 29.0 29.6 29.5 29.1 29.9 29.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 765 630 988 806 777 807 830 699

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 18.2 15.4 21.4 18.0 17.5 18.3 18.3 15.9

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,290 30,719 30,755 30,290 30,569 30,651 30,685 30,719 30,755

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,532 18,763 18,675 18,605 18,401 18,558 18,654 18,756 18,720

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 61.1 60.7 61.4 60.2 60.5 60.8 61.1 60.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,240 16,501 16,682 16,162 16,215 16,310 16,416 16,437 16,556

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.6 53.7 54.2 53.4 53.0 53.2 53.5 53.5 53.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,292 2,262 1,993 2,442 2,186 2,249 2,237 2,319 2,164

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 12.1 10.7 13.1 11.9 12.1 12.0 12.4 11.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,758 11,956 12,080 11,685 12,168 12,093 12,031 11,963 12,035

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,326 8,531 8,391 8,377 8,255 8,367 8,430 8,496 8,435

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 67.3 66.1 67.5 65.6 66.2 66.6 67.0 66.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,287 7,471 7,520 7,313 7,302 7,359 7,345 7,470 7,522

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.9 59.2 58.9 58.0 58.2 58.0 58.9 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039 1,059 872 1,065 953 1,008 1,085 1,026 913

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 12.4 10.4 12.7 11.5 12.0 12.9 12.1 10.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,543 9,635 9,626 9,514 9,451 9,525 9,594 9,614 9,583

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.1 62.0 62.2 61.2 61.5 61.9 62.0 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,531 8,628 8,722 8,425 8,466 8,537 8,646 8,554 8,590

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 55.6 56.1 55.1 54.8 55.1 55.8 55.1 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,012 1,006 903 1,090 986 988 948 1,060 993

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 10.4 9.4 11.5 10.4 10.4 9.9 11.0 10.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 598 658 713 694 666 630 646 701

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 23.7 26.2 27.6 27.4 26.4 24.9 25.6 27.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 401 440 425 448 413 425 413 443

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 15.9 17.5 16.5 17.7 16.4 16.9 16.4 17.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 197 218 288 246 253 204 233 258

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 32.9 33.2 40.4 35.5 38.0 32.4 36.1 36.8

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,244 13,769 13,841 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,456 8,889 8,782 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 64.6 63.4 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,025 8,409 8,283 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 61.1 59.8 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 480 498 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.4 5.7 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,788 4,880 5,059 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.

2
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 37,320 38,126 38,203 37,320 37,955 37,976 38,053 38,126 38,203

Civilian labor force................................ 24,475 25,158 25,028 24,531 24,863 25,053 25,061 25,266 25,055

Participation rate............................... 65.6 66.0 65.5 65.7 65.5 66.0 65.9 66.3 65.6

Employed....................................... 22,412 23,126 23,343 22,327 22,805 22,961 23,021 23,264 23,232

Employment-population ratio............... 60.1 60.7 61.1 59.8 60.1 60.5 60.5 61.0 60.8

Unemployed.................................... 2,063 2,031 1,685 2,205 2,058 2,092 2,040 2,002 1,824

Unemployment rate......................... 8.4 8.1 6.7 9.0 8.3 8.4 8.1 7.9 7.3

Not in labor force................................. 12,845 12,968 13,175 12,788 13,092 12,923 12,992 12,859 13,148

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 13,640 13,922 13,869 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 81.1 80.8 80.3 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 12,602 12,968 13,080 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 74.9 75.2 75.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 1,037 954 789 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 7.6 6.9 5.7 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 9,796 10,200 10,136 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 58.2 59.2 58.7 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 9,062 9,342 9,462 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 53.8 54.2 54.8 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 734 857 674 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 7.5 8.4 6.6 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,039 1,036 1,023 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 28.5 28.4 28.0 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 748 816 801 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 20.5 22.3 21.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 291 220 222 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 28.0 21.3 21.7 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 11,072 11,150 10,946 10,960 10,748 11,004 11,154 11,199 10,891

Participation rate.................................. 45.1 45.7 44.9 44.6 43.7 44.5 46.2 45.9 44.6

Employed.......................................... 9,810 10,011 10,006 9,696 9,699 9,953 10,056 10,128 9,925

Employment-population ratio................. 39.9 41.0 41.0 39.5 39.4 40.2 41.7 41.5 40.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,262 1,139 940 1,264 1,049 1,051 1,098 1,071 965

Unemployment rate............................ 11.4 10.2 8.6 11.5 9.8 9.6 9.8 9.6 8.9

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,224 36,214 36,050 36,252 36,242 35,924 36,108 36,392 36,089

Participation rate.................................. 58.7 58.5 57.9 58.8 58.0 58.1 58.5 58.8 58.0

Employed.......................................... 33,614 33,759 33,890 33,551 33,677 33,593 33,792 34,106 33,830

Employment-population ratio................. 54.5 54.5 54.4 54.4 53.9 54.3 54.7 55.1 54.3

Unemployed....................................... 2,610 2,455 2,160 2,702 2,565 2,331 2,316 2,286 2,258

Unemployment rate............................ 7.2 6.8 6.0 7.5 7.1 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,058 37,065 37,176 37,338 37,021 36,992 37,169 37,158 37,364

Participation rate.................................. 67.8 67.0 66.9 68.3 67.6 67.3 66.9 67.1 67.3

Employed.......................................... 34,820 34,812 35,165 34,971 34,750 34,758 34,876 34,904 35,218

Employment-population ratio................. 63.7 62.9 63.3 64.0 63.4 63.3 62.8 63.0 63.4

Unemployed....................................... 2,238 2,253 2,011 2,367 2,272 2,234 2,293 2,254 2,146

Unemployment rate............................ 6.0 6.1 5.4 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.1 5.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 49,663 50,257 50,212 49,445 49,759 50,427 50,240 49,908 49,934

Participation rate.................................. 75.9 75.2 75.5 75.5 75.3 75.7 75.2 74.7 75.1

Employed.......................................... 47,888 48,570 48,684 47,529 48,134 48,797 48,543 48,198 48,279

Employment-population ratio................. 73.2 72.7 73.2 72.6 72.8 73.2 72.6 72.2 72.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,775 1,687 1,527 1,916 1,625 1,629 1,697 1,711 1,655

Unemployment rate............................ 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,467 21,239 19,247 18,992 2,220 2,247

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,185 10,727 9,766 9,337 1,420 1,390

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 50.5 50.7 49.2 63.9 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,492 10,124 9,139 8,815 1,353 1,308

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 47.7 47.5 46.4 61.0 58.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 603 627 522 66 81

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 5.6 6.4 5.6 4.7 5.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,282 10,512 9,481 9,655 800 857

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,804 3,019 2,245 2,444 558 575

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,256 2,403 1,874 2,019 381 385

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.5 79.6 83.5 82.6 68.3 66.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,086 2,240 1,732 1,885 354 355

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 74.2 77.1 77.1 63.4 61.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 163 143 134 27 30

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.8 7.6 6.6 7.2 7.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 615 371 425 177 190

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,425 3,421 2,738 2,704 687 717

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,850 2,764 2,337 2,246 513 518

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.2 80.8 85.4 83.0 74.6 72.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,693 2,635 2,198 2,144 495 491

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.6 77.0 80.3 79.3 72.0 68.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 129 139 102 18 27

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 4.7 5.9 4.5 3.5 5.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 658 401 458 174 199

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,916 9,476 9,538 9,120 378 356

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,135 2,755 3,009 2,659 126 96

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 29.1 31.5 29.2 33.4 26.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,915 2,620 2,799 2,536 116 85

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 27.7 29.3 27.8 30.7 23.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 134 210 123 10 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 4.9 7.0 4.6 8.3 11.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,781 6,721 6,529 6,461 252 260

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,322 5,323 4,726 4,724 596 599

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,944 2,805 2,545 2,414 399 391

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 52.7 53.9 51.1 66.9 65.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798 2,629 2,409 2,251 389 378

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 49.4 51.0 47.6 65.2 63.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 177 136 163 10 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 6.3 5.3 6.8 2.6 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,378 2,518 2,181 2,310 197 208

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,659 217,259 94,424 95,940 120,236 121,319

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,712 142,440 71,577 71,995 70,134 70,445

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.0 65.6 75.8 75.0 58.3 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,871 134,317 66,284 67,700 65,588 66,617

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 61.8 70.2 70.6 54.5 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,840 8,123 5,293 4,295 4,547 3,828

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 5.7 7.4 6.0 6.5 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,948 74,819 22,847 23,945 50,101 50,874

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2014, estimates for veterans incorporate updated

weighting procedures.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 28,908 28,915 216,267 218,524

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,985 5,528 148,754 149,317

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.7 19.1 68.8 68.3

Employed............................................................................. 5,215 4,838 138,509 140,929

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.0 16.7 64.0 64.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 770 690 10,245 8,389

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.9 12.5 6.9 5.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 22,922 23,388 67,513 69,207

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,680 2,488 75,010 74,982

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.0 32.5 81.9 81.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,312 2,128 69,465 70,562

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.2 27.8 75.8 76.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 367 359 5,545 4,421

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.7 14.4 7.4 5.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,966 5,172 16,614 17,038

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,281 2,057 66,597 66,893

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.7 26.4 70.2 70.2

Employed............................................................................. 1,943 1,782 62,273 63,250

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 24.5 22.8 65.6 66.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 338 275 4,325 3,643

Unemployment rate............................................................... 14.8 13.4 6.5 5.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,659 5,745 28,297 28,425

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,024 983 7,147 7,442

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.7 7.3 24.0 23.9

Employed............................................................................. 960 927 6,771 7,117

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.2 6.9 22.8 22.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 64 56 375 325

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.3 5.7 5.3 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,297 12,470 22,602 23,743

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 37,842 38,391 18,500 18,592 19,342 19,799

Civilian labor force.................................................. 24,982 25,127 14,572 14,590 10,410 10,536

Participation rate.................................................. 66.0 65.5 78.8 78.5 53.8 53.2

Employed.......................................................... 23,292 23,713 13,636 13,828 9,656 9,885

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.6 61.8 73.7 74.4 49.9 49.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,690 1,414 936 763 754 652

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.8 5.6 6.4 5.2 7.2 6.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 12,860 13,264 3,929 4,001 8,932 9,263

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 207,332 209,049 99,796 100,896 107,537 108,152

Civilian labor force.................................................. 129,757 129,718 67,629 67,514 62,128 62,205

Participation rate.................................................. 62.6 62.1 67.8 66.9 57.8 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 120,432 122,054 62,393 63,259 58,039 58,795

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.1 58.4 62.5 62.7 54.0 54.4

Unemployed....................................................... 9,325 7,664 5,236 4,255 4,089 3,409

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.2 5.9 7.7 6.3 6.6 5.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 77,575 79,330 32,167 33,383 45,409 45,948

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 1,951 2,008 2,048 2,048 2,229 2,183 2,150 2,148 2,161

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,144 1,265 1,265 1,243 1,377 1,391 1,373 1,375 1,382

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 783 727 773 779 812 760 768 743 767

Unpaid family workers........................... 23 16 10 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 141,774 143,082 143,718 141,604 142,337 142,970 143,132 143,543 143,531

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 133,065 134,512 135,119 132,861 133,858 134,384 134,428 134,745 134,860

Government..................................... 20,635 20,862 20,626 20,319 20,063 20,383 20,192 20,401 20,320

Private industries............................... 112,429 113,650 114,494 112,555 113,818 114,001 114,177 114,327 114,532

Private households.......................... 617 861 868 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 111,813 112,788 113,625 111,911 112,918 113,164 113,317 113,444 113,643

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,632 8,521 8,518 8,651 8,506 8,569 8,697 8,674 8,559

Unpaid family workers........................... 77 49 81 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,709 7,455 7,243 7,929 7,771 7,257 7,186 7,411 7,465

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,920 4,397 4,346 5,124 4,884 4,405 4,251 4,512 4,555

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,530 2,741 2,615 2,549 2,592 2,571 2,692 2,731 2,669

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,829 19,732 19,707 18,921 18,731 19,165 19,027 19,216 18,886

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,590 7,321 7,120 7,796 7,650 7,130 7,071 7,324 7,333

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,845 4,325 4,277 5,051 4,801 4,327 4,208 4,454 4,487

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,513 2,713 2,604 2,465 2,586 2,550 2,653 2,697 2,623

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,494 19,424 19,393 18,582 18,436 18,856 18,672 18,903 18,603

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,724 145,090 145,767 143,676 144,586 145,224 145,266 145,742 145,669

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,149 4,209 4,256 4,368 4,502 4,399 4,303 4,503 4,479

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,361 1,409 1,325 1,486 1,530 1,608 1,512 1,591 1,472

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,787 2,800 2,931 2,876 2,943 2,776 2,830 2,922 3,016

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,576 140,881 141,511 139,309 140,083 140,825 140,963 141,238 141,190

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,444 13,729 13,765 13,567 13,875 13,761 13,704 13,905 13,879

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,132 127,152 127,745 125,682 126,289 126,992 127,260 127,246 127,211

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,591 95,100 95,421 94,395 94,660 95,212 95,241 95,360 95,151

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,185 31,697 31,751 31,153 31,546 31,776 31,883 31,849 31,713

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,749 30,940 31,031 30,642 30,741 31,059 31,007 30,960 30,905

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,658 32,463 32,639 32,600 32,372 32,377 32,351 32,552 32,533

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,540 32,052 32,324 31,287 31,629 31,780 32,019 31,886 32,060

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,029 76,718 77,086 76,270 76,723 77,060 76,808 77,416 77,292

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,987 2,007 2,027 2,109 2,257 2,144 2,028 2,186 2,159

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 621 571 660 743 762 673 706 644

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,380 1,385 1,457 1,439 1,489 1,369 1,375 1,481 1,516

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,042 74,711 75,059 74,161 74,467 74,916 74,780 75,230 75,134

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,877 7,099 7,099 6,990 7,097 7,032 7,005 7,223 7,206

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,166 67,612 67,960 67,102 67,400 67,769 67,731 67,961 67,875

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,543 50,730 50,903 50,568 50,626 50,926 50,810 51,101 50,909

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,837 17,144 17,132 16,898 17,007 17,123 17,218 17,340 17,185

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,666 16,619 16,674 16,657 16,610 16,760 16,613 16,706 16,657

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,040 16,967 17,097 17,013 17,009 17,043 16,980 17,055 17,066

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,623 16,882 17,056 16,534 16,774 16,843 16,921 16,860 16,966

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,695 68,373 68,680 67,406 67,862 68,163 68,458 68,325 68,376

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,162 2,203 2,228 2,258 2,246 2,255 2,275 2,317 2,320

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 788 754 826 787 845 839 885 828

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,408 1,415 1,474 1,436 1,454 1,407 1,455 1,441 1,500

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,533 66,170 66,452 65,148 65,617 65,909 66,183 66,008 66,057

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,567 6,630 6,666 6,577 6,778 6,729 6,700 6,683 6,672

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,966 59,540 59,786 58,580 58,888 59,223 59,529 59,285 59,336

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,048 44,370 44,518 43,827 44,034 44,286 44,431 44,259 44,242

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,348 14,553 14,619 14,255 14,539 14,653 14,665 14,509 14,528

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,083 14,321 14,357 13,985 14,131 14,299 14,395 14,254 14,247

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,618 15,496 15,542 15,587 15,363 15,334 15,371 15,497 15,466

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,918 15,170 15,268 14,753 14,855 14,937 15,098 15,026 15,094

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,905 44,183 44,449 44,016 43,939 44,187 44,292 44,483 44,525

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,442 34,838 34,830 34,434 34,404 34,448 34,619 34,779 34,813

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,465 9,344 9,602 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,674 116,985 118,073 116,062 117,278 117,656 117,819 118,003 118,415

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,050 28,106 27,693 27,552 27,372 27,540 27,330 27,695 27,297

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,029 7,143 7,162 6,982 6,877 6,849 6,960 6,998 7,093

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,342 5,462 5,384 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,415 9,249 9,290 9,430 9,317 9,329 9,465 9,417 9,326

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 11,683 10,486 9,753 7.5 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,360 1,193 1,055 23.7 20.2 20.7 21.4 20.9 19.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 559 399 418 27.3 23.8 21.9 21.8 20.1 22.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 808 765 634 21.9 18.3 19.8 21.0 20.7 17.4

20 years and over................................ 10,323 9,293 8,698 6.9 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 5.8

20 to 24 years.................................. 2,046 1,938 1,642 13.1 11.1 11.9 11.9 12.2 10.6

25 years and over.............................. 8,174 7,313 6,984 6.1 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.2

25 to 54 years............................... 6,384 5,712 5,431 6.3 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.4

25 to 34 years............................. 2,492 2,334 2,251 7.4 6.9 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.6

35 to 44 years............................. 1,885 1,674 1,593 5.8 5.4 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.9

45 to 54 years............................. 2,008 1,704 1,588 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.7

55 years and over........................... 1,810 1,585 1,569 5.5 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 6,443 5,636 5,294 7.8 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 736 695 576 25.9 21.1 22.6 24.3 24.1 21.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 296 238 236 31.0 24.6 23.0 25.0 25.2 26.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 447 442 333 23.7 18.9 22.0 24.2 23.0 18.0

20 years and over................................ 5,707 4,941 4,718 7.1 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.2 5.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,141 1,103 982 14.0 11.8 12.9 13.4 13.2 12.0

25 years and over.............................. 4,493 3,815 3,710 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.2

25 to 54 years............................... 3,500 2,967 2,865 6.5 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.5 5.3

25 to 34 years............................. 1,384 1,194 1,215 7.6 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.4 6.6

35 to 44 years............................. 1,008 871 831 5.7 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.8

45 to 54 years............................. 1,107 902 819 6.1 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.0 4.6

55 years and over........................... 994 848 845 5.7 5.3 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7

Women, 16 years and over........................ 5,240 4,850 4,459 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 624 498 479 21.6 19.3 18.7 18.7 17.7 17.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 263 162 182 24.2 23.0 20.9 19.1 15.4 18.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 361 323 301 20.1 17.6 17.6 17.6 18.3 16.7

20 years and over................................ 4,616 4,352 3,980 6.6 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 906 835 660 12.1 10.4 10.9 10.3 11.1 9.0

25 years and over.............................. 3,681 3,498 3,274 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.2

25 to 54 years............................... 2,885 2,745 2,566 6.2 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,108 1,140 1,036 7.2 6.7 6.6 7.1 7.3 6.7

35 to 44 years............................. 876 803 761 5.9 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.1

45 to 54 years............................. 901 802 769 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.7

55 years and over........................... 800 734 721 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 2,042 1,744 1,617 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,593 1,538 1,404 4.4 4.5 3.9 4.2 4.2 3.9

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,086 923 897 10.3 8.7 9.1 9.1 9.0 8.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 9,925 8,881 8,206 7.9 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.0 6.5

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,749 1,581 1,500 6.0 5.9 5.1 5.6 5.4 5.2

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 6,079 5,779 4,972 6,367 5,366 5,407 5,448 5,489 5,236

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,080 1,236 931 1,179 997 986 1,036 1,051 1,021

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,998 4,543 4,041 5,188 4,369 4,421 4,412 4,438 4,215

Permanent job losers.......................... 3,840 3,370 2,996 3,933 3,219 3,341 3,230 3,295 3,077

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 1,158 1,174 1,045 1,255 1,150 1,080 1,182 1,143 1,138

Job leavers........................................... 836 780 751 857 862 818 823 815 784

Reentrants............................................ 2,966 2,929 2,425 3,131 3,036 2,937 2,997 3,037 2,620

New entrants......................................... 1,133 1,049 932 1,268 1,201 1,184 1,229 1,169 1,043

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 55.2 54.8 54.8 54.8 51.3 52.3 51.9 52.2 54.1

On temporary layoff.............................. 9.8 11.7 10.3 10.1 9.5 9.5 9.9 10.0 10.5

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 45.4 43.1 44.5 44.6 41.8 42.7 42.0 42.2 43.5

Job leavers........................................... 7.6 7.4 8.3 7.4 8.2 7.9 7.8 7.8 8.1

Reentrants............................................ 26.9 27.8 26.7 26.9 29.0 28.4 28.5 28.9 27.1

New entrants......................................... 10.3 10.0 10.3 10.9 11.5 11.4 11.7 11.1 10.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3.9 3.7 3.2 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7

New entrants......................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,045 2,064 1,993 2,491 2,255 2,434 2,373 2,461 2,447

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,375 2,766 1,946 2,844 2,506 2,429 2,568 2,581 2,359

15 weeks and over.................................. 6,594 5,708 5,139 6,329 5,530 5,336 5,464 5,417 4,985

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 2,106 1,913 1,653 1,969 1,651 1,689 1,615 1,677 1,533

27 weeks and over............................... 4,488 3,795 3,486 4,360 3,878 3,646 3,849 3,739 3,452

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 39.0 36.2 37.1 36.6 37.1 35.4 37.1 35.6 35.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 20.0 17.3 18.4 17.3 17.1 16.0 16.4 16.3 16.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 18.6 19.6 22.0 21.4 21.9 23.9 22.8 23.5 25.0

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 21.6 26.2 21.4 24.4 24.4 23.8 24.7 24.7 24.1

15 weeks and over.................................. 59.9 54.2 56.6 54.3 53.7 52.3 52.5 51.8 50.9

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 19.1 18.2 18.2 16.9 16.0 16.6 15.5 16.0 15.7

27 weeks and over............................... 40.8 36.0 38.4 37.4 37.7 35.8 37.0 35.8 35.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 143,724 145,767 11,014 9,079 7.1 5.9

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 54,767 55,896 1,980 1,642 3.5 2.9

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 22,737 22,707 836 748 3.5 3.2

Professional and related occupations.......................... 32,031 33,189 1,144 894 3.4 2.6

Service occupations................................................ 25,840 25,755 2,294 1,777 8.2 6.5

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,616 33,873 2,501 2,079 6.9 5.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,457 16,076 1,151 997 6.9 5.8

Office and administrative support occupations............... 18,159 17,797 1,349 1,082 6.9 5.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 12,680 13,178 1,483 1,168 10.5 8.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 858 935 104 152 10.8 14.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 6,786 7,536 1,137 821 14.3 9.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,036 4,707 242 195 4.6 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 16,821 17,065 1,601 1,446 8.7 7.8

Production occupations.......................................... 8,009 8,184 726 671 8.3 7.6

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,811 8,881 875 776 9.0 8.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 11,014 9,079 7.1 5.9

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 8,608 7,105 7.1 5.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 73 39 6.1 3.8

Construction.......................................................................... 1,077 796 13.2 9.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 963 790 6.4 5.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 583 441 6.2 4.6

Nondurable goods................................................................ 379 349 6.7 6.1

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,484 1,225 7.4 5.9

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 355 372 5.7 6.0

Information............................................................................ 152 175 5.4 5.7

Financial activities................................................................... 515 470 5.4 5.0

Professional and business services............................................... 1,259 1,062 8.1 6.8

Education and health services..................................................... 983 826 4.4 3.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,327 1,047 9.6 8.0

Other services........................................................................ 420 304 6.7 4.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 110 151 9.1 11.0

Government workers................................................................... 715 581 3.3 2.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 447 310 4.5 3.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Dec.

2013

Jan.

2014

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014

Apr.

2014

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 4.3 3.7 3.3 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 3.9 3.7 3.2 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 7.1 6.8 5.9 7.5 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.3

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 7.6 7.2 6.3 8.0 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.1 6.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 8.5 8.1 7.2 8.9 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.0 7.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 13.4 12.8 11.8 13.9 13.1 12.7 12.6 12.7 12.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2014

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 90,436 92,594 36,095 37,384 54,340 55,210

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,329 6,088 2,958 2,963 3,370 3,125

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,347 2,160 1,220 1,192 1,127 969

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 835 783 496 488 339 295

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,512 1,378 724 704 788 674

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,029 7,162 3,493 3,498 3,536 3,665

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.5 5.2 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,761 3,805 2,177 2,105 1,583 1,699

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,934 2,008 587 686 1,347 1,322

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 198 246 104 149 93 97

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,089 1,055 608 539 481 516

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Change

from:

Mar.2014 -

Apr.2014p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,911 136,192 137,136 138,288 135,885 137,761 137,964 138,252 288

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,617 114,047 114,881 115,990 114,010 115,908 116,110 116,383 273

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,458 18,383 18,556 18,807 18,669 18,924 18,953 19,006 53

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 875 884 896 857 892 897 906 9

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 52.5 52.6 50.5 52.3 54.1 55.2 54.0 -1.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799.3 822.3 830.9 845.8 805.1 837.9 842.1 851.7 9.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.0 206.9 206.8 208.2 194.9 207.8 207.8 208.9 1.1

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.3 204.0 205.8 211.2 210.8 212.9 212.4 213.6 1.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.1 78.5 77.7 78.2 78.1 78.7 78.0 78.5 0.5

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.0 411.4 418.3 426.4 399.4 417.2 421.9 429.2 7.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,669 5,529 5,655 5,867 5,811 5,951 5,968 6,000 32

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,247.0 1,270.3 1,287.1 1,317.1 1,279.8 1,334.4 1,339.3 1,350.3 11.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.2 614.9 622.9 641.8 609.2 648.4 652.4 659.3 6.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.8 655.4 664.2 675.3 670.6 686.0 686.9 691.0 4.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 850.2 793.2 822.4 889.1 879.9 902.4 904.3 914.8 10.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,572.0 3,465.4 3,545.2 3,660.5 3,650.8 3,713.7 3,724.4 3,734.6 10.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,504.3 1,470.0 1,505.7 1,562.4 1,540.2 1,585.9 1,591.8 1,598.0 6.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,067.7 1,995.4 2,039.5 2,098.1 2,110.6 2,127.8 2,132.6 2,136.6 4.0

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,941 11,979 12,017 12,044 12,001 12,081 12,088 12,100 12

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,513 7,551 7,586 7,606 7,533 7,599 7,613 7,624 11

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.6 356.4 358.0 362.5 348.5 362.6 363.8 365.8 2.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.6 363.8 371.4 380.3 372.0 379.2 381.0 382.8 1.8

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.4 395.4 396.5 398.0 397.3 397.0 397.0 397.3 0.3

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424.5 1,438.0 1,438.8 1,446.2 1,428.4 1,447.9 1,446.8 1,450.6 3.8

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,104.9 1,110.8 1,114.9 1,118.0 1,107.1 1,112.8 1,115.8 1,120.0 4.2

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,065.1 1,052.8 1,055.2 1,051.3 1,069.0 1,057.4 1,057.6 1,055.2 -2.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 156.6 161.5 161.9 162.1 157.4 162.0 162.5 162.7 0.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2 99.0 99.7 100.3 103.6 99.5 99.9 100.6 0.7

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.9 369.5 367.9 365.8 375.2 370.5 368.7 367.2 -1.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.0 384.7 387.7 384.7 394.0 386.8 388.2 386.1 -2.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 373.4 375.6 375.8 377.6 375.0 376.7 377.8 379.2 1.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500.5 1,524.4 1,533.8 1,530.9 1,499.1 1,524.0 1,526.5 1,529.4 2.9

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.9 845.0 850.9 851.2 808.6 843.8 844.2 849.4 5.2

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.6 357.9 362.8 364.5 356.7 363.0 364.7 365.2 0.5

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576.9 576.2 578.5 576.6 579.7 578.4 581.5 578.9 -2.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,428 4,428 4,431 4,438 4,468 4,482 4,475 4,476 1

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445.9 1,460.4 1,458.0 1,455.5 1,474.4 1,490.4 1,485.9 1,484.0 -1.9

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 116.4 116.9 117.2 117.0 117.4 117.1 117.4 0.3

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.1 109.6 110.7 111.2 113.5 111.0 111.3 111.5 0.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.8 136.7 135.6 134.9 142.4 136.7 135.7 134.9 -0.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.6 374.9 374.5 374.7 379.6 376.8 376.5 376.6 0.1

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 450.8 440.3 441.2 443.1 451.8 442.7 442.8 443.8 1.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.1 109.2 110.5 111.4 111.1 113.1 112.9 112.2 -0.7

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792.1 794.5 797.0 798.2 793.4 796.4 797.1 798.6 1.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.7 659.5 659.1 661.3 656.3 663.5 660.7 662.3 1.6

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.7 226.1 227.8 230.4 228.1 233.7 234.6 234.7 0.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,159 95,664 96,325 97,183 95,341 96,984 97,157 97,377 220

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,500 25,771 25,877 26,048 25,718 26,171 26,215 26,274 59

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,704.5 5,780.1 5,799.3 5,833.2 5,724.0 5,829.8 5,834.2 5,849.9 15.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,853.4 2,903.2 2,916.8 2,921.6 2,865.2 2,919.5 2,928.3 2,931.4 3.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,971.2 1,980.9 1,985.4 2,007.6 1,976.5 2,006.4 2,003.8 2,012.0 8.2

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879.9 896.0 897.1 904.0 882.3 903.9 902.1 906.5 4.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,801.7 14,940.8 15,002.9 15,122.0 14,967.0 15,234.6 15,259.4 15,293.9 34.5

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,778.2 1,808.8 1,822.6 1,842.5 1,778.0 1,833.2 1,835.7 1,841.4 5.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,127.2 1,154.2 1,157.6 1,162.1 1,127.9 1,162.4 1,162.0 1,162.6 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Change

from:

Mar.2014 -

Apr.2014p

Retail trade - Continued

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 439.0 443.8 442.2 444.6 444.4 448.9 449.0 450.0 1.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 482.4 502.8 497.6 481.2 489.8 504.3 502.1 491.6 -10.5

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,236.7 1,172.8 1,206.9 1,262.8 1,193.7 1,222.4 1,218.9 1,221.7 2.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,881.8 2,953.6 2,958.4 2,971.7 2,910.9 2,985.1 2,993.4 3,002.4 9.0

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009.0 1,003.0 1,008.1 1,006.5 1,015.3 1,009.2 1,015.1 1,013.8 -1.3

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.0 855.0 859.3 866.6 858.9 871.7 873.1 873.7 0.6

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,327.3 1,344.4 1,339.9 1,356.0 1,379.8 1,398.9 1,397.8 1,408.3 10.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569.3 572.9 574.5 574.9 588.7 589.5 594.9 596.4 1.5

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,997.2 3,035.1 3,053.3 3,060.9 3,048.7 3,101.3 3,104.0 3,112.2 8.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309.5 1,308.1 1,301.3 1,297.7 1,344.7 1,339.1 1,337.2 1,332.7 -4.5

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784.2 781.1 774.2 786.0 799.4 794.8 797.5 800.4 2.9

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.6 467.5 465.9 468.3 459.4 475.3 477.9 482.0 4.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,442.4 4,502.7 4,525.0 4,543.9 4,475.5 4,557.2 4,569.2 4,580.5 11.3

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.8 450.8 455.2 453.3 448.5 453.4 455.9 452.7 -3.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.8 231.8 232.7 234.1 232.5 233.1 233.2 233.6 0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 65.6 65.3 66.9 65.9 67.5 66.7 67.6 0.9

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364.7 1,355.1 1,367.7 1,386.4 1,380.7 1,390.4 1,394.7 1,401.5 6.8

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.0 465.1 468.0 466.0 447.3 451.5 453.9 451.2 -2.7

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 45.1 45.1 45.3 43.7 45.2 45.3 45.6 0.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 26.0 22.5 23.8 26.5 28.7 29.2 29.1 29.2 0.1

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 588.1 598.8 599.9 607.2 589.2 601.6 603.2 608.0 4.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.4 547.2 540.9 531.7 534.0 556.1 554.4 555.7 1.3

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696.3 720.7 726.4 726.5 705.0 729.2 732.8 735.4 2.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551.1 547.3 550.2 548.7 551.9 549.8 551.7 549.6 -2.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,684 2,646 2,653 2,648 2,688 2,660 2,659 2,656 -3

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 733.5 726.4 726.6 725.7 735.7 729.7 728.8 727.8 -1.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.8 310.0 313.0 302.7 358.0 318.2 315.0 307.7 -7.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.9 286.6 287.5 289.1 285.3 287.1 287.5 288.4 0.9

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850.9 853.6 854.4 856.5 852.3 852.9 854.6 857.5 2.9

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.5 267.2 267.9 268.7 265.5 268.7 268.0 268.1 0.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.8 202.4 203.7 204.8 191.5 203.7 205.1 206.4 1.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,834 7,861 7,869 7,889 7,863 7,910 7,910 7,916 6

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,858.6 5,872.8 5,868.6 5,862.3 5,870.7 5,880.8 5,875.9 5,874.3 -1.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.7 18.1 18.0 18.0 17.9 18.3 18.2 18.2 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,619.9 2,578.6 2,570.6 2,565.2 2,623.0 2,582.3 2,575.3 2,569.6 -5.7

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,735.5 1,708.2 1,705.3 1,699.9 1,737.5 1,709.9 1,707.4 1,701.9 -5.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313.8 1,283.2 1,281.0 1,275.1 1,316.0 1,283.7 1,281.4 1,277.3 -4.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 860.4 868.9 871.2 870.1 862.4 870.5 871.3 871.8 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,360.6 2,407.2 2,408.8 2,409.0 2,367.4 2,409.7 2,411.1 2,414.7 3.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,975.8 1,988.1 2,000.1 2,027.1 1,991.8 2,028.7 2,033.8 2,041.9 8.1

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439.4 1,450.5 1,457.2 1,471.3 1,447.6 1,473.6 1,478.1 1,480.0 1.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.4 515.6 520.8 533.8 521.0 532.9 533.4 539.7 6.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.0 22.0 22.1 22.0 23.2 22.2 22.3 22.2 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,404 18,696 18,833 19,074 18,434 18,973 19,025 19,100 75

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 8,163.1 8,318.5 8,328.0 8,364.4 8,090.8 8,253.1 8,264.8 8,289.9 25.1

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,132.0 1,129.6 1,134.3 1,132.6 1,135.7 1,136.4 1,137.6 1,136.4 -1.2

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,027.9 1,063.9 1,051.4 1,038.3 926.0 934.2 934.2 936.6 2.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,334.5 1,362.4 1,369.0 1,380.0 1,344.8 1,381.8 1,386.6 1,390.4 3.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,682.0 1,730.8 1,729.1 1,744.6 1,686.9 1,735.9 1,739.4 1,748.3 8.9

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161.7 1,195.5 1,201.5 1,212.6 1,165.4 1,206.3 1,211.0 1,216.0 5.0

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,073.6 2,107.2 2,113.6 2,123.5 2,084.1 2,119.7 2,121.7 2,133.6 11.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Change

from:

Mar.2014 -

Apr.2014p

Professional and business services - Continued

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,167.5 8,269.8 8,391.6 8,585.8 8,259.4 8,599.9 8,638.0 8,676.6 38.6

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 7,796.6 7,902.0 8,021.0 8,210.3 7,884.2 8,223.6 8,259.7 8,297.3 37.6

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,202.5 3,358.8 3,425.5 3,486.5 3,274.5 3,495.8 3,530.5 3,558.1 27.6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,548.3 2,685.6 2,739.5 2,794.6 2,612.1 2,806.8 2,831.5 2,855.5 24.0

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.5 861.2 858.3 855.4 844.8 860.4 861.1 862.4 1.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,865.2 1,764.3 1,801.9 1,923.1 1,867.9 1,926.8 1,923.3 1,925.2 1.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.9 367.8 370.6 375.5 375.2 376.3 378.3 379.3 1.0

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,222 21,388 21,486 21,553 21,040 21,290 21,327 21,367 40

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,509.8 3,514.8 3,541.4 3,567.1 3,345.1 3,378.5 3,384.1 3,396.5 12.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,712.0 17,873.5 17,944.1 17,985.5 17,695.1 17,911.9 17,942.9 17,970.8 27.9

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,456.8 14,578.9 14,626.9 14,652.6 14,470.0 14,627.6 14,649.5 14,668.2 18.7

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,446.1 6,570.5 6,599.0 6,619.6 6,450.8 6,592.4 6,612.4 6,625.0 12.6

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,421.0 2,464.9 2,473.9 2,477.8 2,427.9 2,471.9 2,477.6 2,483.2 5.6

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672.5 703.7 706.3 710.4 672.5 704.1 706.8 710.3 3.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,225.4 1,257.2 1,267.3 1,272.6 1,224.1 1,263.9 1,270.6 1,273.1 2.5

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,793.4 4,781.3 4,793.0 4,788.8 4,799.0 4,790.1 4,793.2 4,794.9 1.7

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,217.3 3,227.1 3,234.9 3,244.2 3,220.2 3,245.1 3,243.9 3,248.3 4.4

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,654.0 1,640.8 1,643.4 1,649.7 1,656.0 1,651.0 1,647.9 1,651.5 3.6

Social assistance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,255.2 3,294.6 3,317.2 3,332.9 3,225.1 3,284.3 3,293.4 3,302.6 9.2

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868.8 868.0 876.3 878.3 845.2 852.3 853.5 853.5 0.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,070 13,873 14,145 14,470 14,145 14,495 14,529 14,557 28

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,969.9 1,885.1 1,940.1 2,019.8 2,018.3 2,089.2 2,084.6 2,075.4 -9.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 434.8 405.0 420.4 447.0 423.3 435.3 435.6 434.9 -0.7

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.3 130.8 134.7 140.4 139.5 142.2 142.3 142.5 0.2

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,397.8 1,349.3 1,385.0 1,432.4 1,455.5 1,511.7 1,506.7 1,498.0 -8.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,100.4 11,987.9 12,205.2 12,450.4 12,127.1 12,405.8 12,444.2 12,481.7 37.5

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,813.5 1,779.6 1,805.6 1,833.5 1,860.0 1,870.1 1,873.2 1,878.1 4.9

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,286.9 10,208.3 10,399.6 10,616.9 10,267.1 10,535.7 10,571.0 10,603.6 32.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,445 5,429 5,462 5,501 5,453 5,485 5,492 5,507 15

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,212.3 1,196.3 1,207.7 1,216.2 1,209.9 1,208.2 1,211.1 1,213.2 2.1

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,335.1 1,337.5 1,351.2 1,368.1 1,333.2 1,355.0 1,359.4 1,365.4 6.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,897.8 2,895.4 2,903.5 2,916.2 2,910.3 2,921.3 2,921.9 2,928.0 6.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,294 22,145 22,255 22,298 21,875 21,853 21,854 21,869 15

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,795.0 2,702.0 2,703.0 2,718.0 2,791.0 2,718.0 2,711.0 2,708.0 -3.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,187.5 2,115.5 2,115.6 2,118.9 2,190.2 2,129.4 2,123.4 2,119.4 -4.0

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.9 586.6 587.1 598.7 600.6 588.6 587.8 588.6 0.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,211.0 5,188.0 5,210.0 5,221.0 5,053.0 5,066.0 5,061.0 5,062.0 1.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,558.8 2,539.5 2,557.6 2,566.4 2,399.7 2,407.4 2,403.9 2,405.5 1.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,651.8 2,648.5 2,651.9 2,654.1 2,653.1 2,658.2 2,657.4 2,656.1 -1.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,288.0 14,255.0 14,342.0 14,359.0 14,031.0 14,069.0 14,082.0 14,099.0 17.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,106.3 8,087.0 8,148.2 8,139.0 7,767.8 7,779.8 7,786.6 7,798.6 12.0

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,181.3 6,167.8 6,193.6 6,219.8 6,263.6 6,289.1 6,295.6 6,300.4 4.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.3 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.2 40.6 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.2 45.0 45.5 44.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 38.1 39.1 39.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.8 41.0 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 41.3 41.4 41.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 40.1 40.4 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.1 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.3 34.4 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.7 38.9 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 31.1 31.2 31.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.2 42.3 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.6 36.9 37.0 36.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.2 37.1 37.2 37.1

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.1 36.3 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 25.8 26.2 26.2

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.6 31.8 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Total private............................................... $23.86 $24.29 $24.31 $24.31 $820.78 $833.15 $838.70 $838.70

Goods-producing....................................... 24.98 25.58 25.61 25.59 1,006.69 1,028.32 1,039.77 1,036.40

Mining and logging.................................. 29.12 30.76 30.88 30.70 1,257.98 1,384.20 1,405.04 1,353.87

Construction.......................................... 26.04 26.56 26.50 26.58 1,015.56 1,011.94 1,036.15 1,041.94

Manufacturing........................................ 24.18 24.71 24.75 24.70 984.13 1,008.17 1,014.75 1,007.76

Durable goods.................................... 25.56 26.10 26.13 26.04 1,050.52 1,077.93 1,081.78 1,075.45

Nondurable goods................................ 21.78 22.28 22.35 22.35 871.20 893.43 902.94 896.24

Private service-providing.............................. 23.60 23.99 24.00 24.01 785.88 794.07 799.20 799.53

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.92 21.30 21.34 21.40 721.74 730.59 734.10 736.16

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.60 27.96 28.05 28.10 1,062.60 1,082.05 1,091.15 1,090.28

Retail trade........................................ 16.61 16.84 16.88 16.93 521.55 523.72 526.66 528.22

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.23 22.84 22.86 23.00 858.08 881.62 882.40 890.10

Utilities............................................. 34.88 35.93 35.66 35.50 1,471.94 1,516.25 1,508.42 1,494.55

Information........................................... 32.82 33.38 33.67 33.83 1,201.21 1,231.72 1,245.79 1,248.33

Financial activities................................... 30.00 30.47 30.59 30.50 1,116.00 1,130.44 1,137.95 1,131.55

Professional and business services.............. 28.48 28.92 28.94 28.91 1,025.28 1,044.01 1,050.52 1,046.54

Education and health services..................... 24.35 24.59 24.58 24.58 796.25 799.18 801.31 806.22

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.43 13.76 13.73 13.78 350.52 355.01 359.73 361.04

Other services....................................... 21.24 21.87 21.72 21.73 675.43 691.09 690.70 691.01

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2014 -

Apr.

2014p

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2014 -

Apr.

2014p

Total private..................................... 98.0 99.4 100.1 100.4 0.3 111.6 115.2 116.2 116.5 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 85.7 86.7 87.7 87.7 0.0 96.8 100.2 101.5 101.4 -0.1

Mining and logging........................ 116.3 126.1 128.2 125.5 -2.1 136.0 155.8 159.0 154.8 -2.6

Construction................................ 78.1 78.2 80.4 81.1 0.9 88.4 90.2 92.6 93.6 1.1

Manufacturing.............................. 87.9 88.7 89.2 88.8 -0.4 98.8 101.9 102.6 102.0 -0.6

Durable goods........................... 87.2 88.4 88.7 88.6 -0.1 99.0 102.4 103.0 102.5 -0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 89.2 89.7 90.2 89.6 -0.7 98.6 101.4 102.3 101.6 -0.7

Private service-providing.................... 101.6 102.7 103.5 103.8 0.3 116.3 119.5 120.5 120.8 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 96.5 97.6 98.1 98.3 0.2 108.7 111.9 112.7 113.2 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 96.2 98.4 99.0 99.0 0.0 110.7 114.9 115.9 116.1 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 95.5 96.2 96.7 96.9 0.2 104.8 107.1 107.9 108.5 0.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 98.9 100.7 100.9 101.5 0.6 111.5 116.7 117.1 118.4 1.1

Utilities.................................... 100.8 100.4 101.0 100.1 -0.9 116.1 119.2 119.0 117.4 -1.3

Information................................. 89.8 89.6 89.8 89.5 -0.3 105.0 106.5 107.7 107.8 0.1

Financial activities......................... 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.2 -0.2 112.1 114.2 115.0 114.4 -0.5

Professional and business services..... 104.4 107.7 108.6 108.7 0.1 120.4 126.2 127.4 127.4 0.0

Education and health services........... 110.4 111.1 111.6 112.5 0.8 126.7 128.6 129.2 130.2 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 105.3 106.7 108.6 108.8 0.2 114.1 118.5 120.3 121.0 0.6

Other services............................. 96.1 96.0 96.8 97.0 0.2 115.8 119.2 119.3 119.7 0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Total nonfarm............................................. 67,171 68,065 68,165 68,331 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private............................................ 54,692 55,590 55,685 55,838 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.0

Goods-producing.................................... 4,111 4,151 4,154 4,162 22.0 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 118 119 119 121 13.8 13.3 13.3 13.4

Construction....................................... 741 754 758 759 12.8 12.7 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing..................................... 3,252 3,278 3,277 3,282 27.1 27.1 27.1 27.1

Durable goods.................................. 1,738 1,751 1,751 1,754 23.1 23.0 23.0 23.0

Nondurable goods............................. 1,514 1,527 1,526 1,528 33.9 34.1 34.1 34.1

Private service-providing........................... 50,581 51,439 51,531 51,676 53.1 53.0 53.0 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,391 10,602 10,628 10,660 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,693.3 1,725.7 1,719.9 1,726.4 29.6 29.6 29.5 29.5

Retail trade..................................... 7,513.3 7,669.7 7,694.2 7,718.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,048.5 1,072.5 1,079.9 1,081.6 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.6

Utilities........................................... 136.3 134.0 134.1 133.4 24.7 24.4 24.3 24.3

Information......................................... 1,068 1,068 1,069 1,068 39.7 40.2 40.2 40.2

Financial activities................................ 4,542 4,543 4,536 4,538 57.8 57.4 57.3 57.3

Professional and business services............ 8,186 8,467 8,493 8,535 44.4 44.6 44.6 44.7

Education and health services.................. 16,176 16,351 16,375 16,408 76.9 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,362 7,536 7,550 7,577 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.1

Other services..................................... 2,856 2,872 2,880 2,890 52.4 52.4 52.4 52.5

Government............................................. 12,479 12,475 12,480 12,493 57.0 57.1 57.1 57.1

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Total private............................................................................... 94,175 95,814 96,008 96,275

Goods-producing....................................................................... 13,437 13,641 13,675 13,743

Mining and logging.................................................................. 632 655 658 665

Construction.......................................................................... 4,391 4,503 4,520 4,556

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,414 8,483 8,497 8,522

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,175 5,230 5,243 5,264

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,239 3,253 3,254 3,258

Private service-providing.............................................................. 80,738 82,173 82,333 82,532

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 21,762 22,119 22,153 22,197

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,608.9 4,707.0 4,710.4 4,737.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 12,838.7 13,026.7 13,043.8 13,055.8

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 3,869.2 3,940.4 3,952.2 3,959.0

Utilities.............................................................................. 444.8 445.2 446.1 444.9

Information............................................................................ 2,178 2,155 2,154 2,154

Financial activities................................................................... 6,056 6,098 6,097 6,108

Professional and business services............................................... 15,229 15,735 15,789 15,866

Education and health services..................................................... 18,462 18,697 18,731 18,762

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,495 12,802 12,832 12,858

Other services........................................................................ 4,556 4,567 4,577 4,587

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.4 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 40.8 41.5 41.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.5 47.5 47.8 47.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 38.4 39.5 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.5 42.0 41.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.1 42.0 42.4 42.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.2 40.9 41.4 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.2 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 33.2 33.5 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.5 38.7 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.1 29.6 29.9 30.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 38.0 38.4 38.5

Utilities........................................................................... 41.8 42.1 42.0 41.9

Information......................................................................... 35.9 36.2 36.1 36.1

Financial activities................................................................ 36.7 36.6 36.8 36.6

Professional and business services............................................ 35.3 35.3 35.5 35.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 31.9 32.0 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.8 25.2 25.2

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.6 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Total private............................................... $20.04 $20.49 $20.47 $20.50 $675.35 $684.37 $689.84 $690.85

Goods-producing....................................... 21.17 21.46 21.50 21.55 872.20 875.57 892.25 892.17

Mining and logging.................................. 26.63 26.72 26.44 26.53 1,211.67 1,269.20 1,263.83 1,254.87

Construction.......................................... 24.24 24.56 24.53 24.66 959.90 943.10 968.94 979.00

Manufacturing........................................ 19.21 19.48 19.54 19.53 802.98 808.42 820.68 818.31

Durable goods.................................... 20.24 20.54 20.64 20.63 852.10 862.68 875.14 872.65

Nondurable goods................................ 17.52 17.72 17.74 17.72 721.82 724.75 734.44 730.06

Private service-providing.............................. 19.80 20.28 20.26 20.28 641.52 653.02 656.42 657.07

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 17.63 18.17 18.16 18.24 592.37 603.24 608.36 612.86

Wholesale trade.................................. 22.47 23.26 23.15 23.29 867.34 895.51 895.91 898.99

Retail trade........................................ 13.94 14.23 14.26 14.30 419.59 421.21 426.37 429.00

Transportation and warehousing............... 19.63 20.28 20.39 20.52 755.76 770.64 782.98 790.02

Utilities............................................. 31.98 32.96 32.83 32.75 1,336.76 1,387.62 1,378.86 1,372.23

Information........................................... 27.94 28.70 28.71 28.89 1,003.05 1,038.94 1,036.43 1,042.93

Financial activities................................... 23.71 24.45 24.57 24.57 870.16 894.87 904.18 899.26

Professional and business services.............. 23.61 24.13 24.10 24.07 833.43 851.79 855.55 854.49

Education and health services..................... 21.19 21.53 21.49 21.49 682.32 686.81 687.68 689.83

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 11.72 11.94 11.96 11.96 293.00 296.11 301.39 301.39

Other services....................................... 17.89 18.36 18.27 18.32 551.01 561.82 562.72 564.26

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2014 -

Apr.

2014p

Apr.

2013

Feb.

2014

Mar.

2014p

Apr.

2014p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2014 -

Apr.

2014p

Total private..................................... 105.8 106.6 107.8 108.1 0.3 141.6 146.0 147.5 148.1 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 84.6 85.0 86.7 86.9 0.2 109.7 111.8 114.2 114.7 0.4

Mining and logging........................ 152.8 165.3 167.1 167.2 0.1 236.7 256.9 257.0 257.9 0.4

Construction................................ 87.1 86.6 89.4 90.6 1.3 114.0 114.8 118.4 120.6 1.9

Manufacturing.............................. 80.7 80.8 81.9 82.0 0.1 101.4 103.0 104.7 104.7 0.0

Durable goods........................... 81.9 82.5 83.5 83.7 0.2 103.4 105.8 107.6 107.8 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 78.6 78.4 79.4 79.1 -0.4 97.3 98.2 99.5 99.0 -0.5

Private service-providing.................... 111.4 112.7 113.6 113.9 0.3 151.3 156.7 157.9 158.4 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.9 102.4 103.5 104.0 0.5 128.2 132.7 134.0 135.3 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 104.8 106.7 107.4 107.7 0.3 138.7 146.2 146.4 147.7 0.9

Retail trade.............................. 97.8 97.6 98.7 99.1 0.4 116.9 119.0 120.7 121.5 0.7

Transportation and warehousing...... 112.1 112.7 114.2 114.7 0.4 139.6 145.0 147.8 149.3 1.0

Utilities.................................... 95.1 95.9 95.8 95.3 -0.5 126.9 131.9 131.3 130.3 -0.8

Information................................. 89.2 89.0 88.8 88.8 0.0 123.4 126.5 126.1 126.9 0.6

Financial activities......................... 104.6 105.1 105.6 105.2 -0.4 152.6 158.0 159.7 159.1 -0.4

Professional and business services..... 120.5 124.5 125.6 126.2 0.5 169.3 178.8 180.2 180.8 0.3

Education and health services........... 126.9 127.3 127.9 128.5 0.5 177.4 180.8 181.4 182.3 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 114.4 116.3 118.4 118.7 0.3 152.3 157.7 160.9 161.2 0.2

Other services............................. 98.4 98.0 98.9 99.1 0.2 128.3 131.1 131.6 132.3 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary