For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 7, 2019 USDL-19-0774

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2019

The number of job openings rose to 7.5 million on the last business day of March, the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 5.7 million 

and 5.4 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent and the 

layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 

geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the job openings level rose to 7.5 million (+346,000). The job 

openings rate was 4.7 percent. The number of job openings increased for total private (+363,000) and 

was little changed for government. Job openings increased in a number of industries, with the largest 

increases in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+87,000), construction (+73,000), and real estate 

and rental and leasing (+57,000). Job openings decreased in federal government (-15,000). The number 

of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.7 million in March. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 

hires level was little changed for total private and for government. The number of hires was little 

changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

 4.6

 4.8

 5.0

Mar-16 Sep-16 Mar-17 Sep-17 Mar-18 Sep-18 Mar-19

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, March 2016 - March 2019

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Mar-16 Sep-16 Mar-17 Sep-17 Mar-18 Sep-18 Mar-19

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, March 2016 - March 2019
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.4 million in March. The total separations rate 

was 3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private but decreased for 

government (-37,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all industries and in all four 

regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in March at 3.4 million. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 

quits level was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in real estate and 

rental and leasing (+15,000) but decreased in construction (-38,000). The number of quits increased in 

the Northeast region but decreased in the South region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in March at 1.7 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private but 

decreased for government (-29,000). The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in state and local 

government education (-18,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four 

regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in March. The other separations level was little 

changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in construction (+11,000). The 

number of other separations fell in the Northeast region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 69.3 million and 

separations totaled 66.6 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.7 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2019 are scheduled to be released 

on Monday, June 10, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,894 7,142 7,488 5,625 5,695 5,660 5,446 5,576 5,434

Total private....................................... 6,236 6,437 6,800 5,282 5,333 5,315 5,108 5,206 5,102

Mining and logging1............................ 26 27 23 37 35 40 30 37 37

Construction1................................... 234 287 360 362 367 361 358 364 353

Manufacturing.................................. 426 480 476 364 351 355 351 347 366

Durable goods1.............................. 250 305 318 214 192 187 200 192 203

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 176 175 158 149 159 168 151 154 163

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,399 1,340 1,432 1,106 1,143 1,100 1,087 1,114 1,119

Wholesale trade............................. 187 220 226 133 147 139 131 141 144

Retail trade................................... 900 861 860 742 744 718 753 720 729

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 311 258 345 231 252 242 203 253 246

Information1

..................................... 130 133 169 98 85 95 86 89 89

Financial activities.............................. 396 334 368 184 197 181 175 182 161

Finance and insurance..................... 308 268 247 117 133 124 113 140 109

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 88 65 122 68 64 57 62 42 51

Professional and business services......... 1,213 1,424 1,435 1,175 1,175 1,168 1,139 1,122 1,123

Education and health services............... 1,253 1,212 1,296 701 715 715 675 710 652

Educational services1

....................... 103 100 109 85 99 102 94 110 96

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,150 1,112 1,187 616 617 613 581 600 556

Leisure and hospitality........................ 935 988 1,023 1,040 1,079 1,099 999 1,044 1,017

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 94 106 111 192 178 169 184 166 134

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 840 882 912 848 901 930 816 878 883

Other services.................................. 225 214 217 215 186 202 207 197 185

Government....................................... 659 705 688 344 362 345 338 370 333

Federal1

......................................... 112 130 115 32 36 37 33 36 37

State and local................................. 547 575 573 312 326 308 306 335 296

State and local education.................. 193 224 231 153 169 165 150 172 152

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 354 350 342 159 157 143 156 162 143

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.4 4.5 4.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6

Total private....................................... 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.4 3.5 3.0 5.1 4.6 5.2 4.2 4.9 4.9

Construction1

................................... 3.2 3.7 4.6 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.7

Manufacturing.................................. 3.3 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.1 3.6 3.8 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade............................. 3.1 3.6 3.7 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4

Retail trade................................... 5.4 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 5.0 4.1 5.4 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.4 4.2 4.0

Information1

..................................... 4.4 4.5 5.7 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.1

Financial activities.............................. 4.4 3.7 4.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.9

Finance and insurance..................... 4.7 4.1 3.7 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.8 2.8 5.0 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.8 1.8 2.2

Professional and business services......... 5.5 6.3 6.3 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.3

Education and health services............... 5.1 4.8 5.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.5 5.2 5.5 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.8 4.1 4.3 8.1 7.2 6.8 7.7 6.7 5.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.5 5.9 6.2 6.2

Other services.................................. 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Government....................................... 2.9 3.0 3.0 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 3.9 4.5 3.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

State and local................................. 2.7 2.8 2.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.7 3.7 3.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.5

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total............................................... 6,894 7,626 7,479 7,625 7,142 7,488 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,236 6,962 6,860 6,929 6,437 6,800 4.7 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.0

Mining and logging3....................... 26 35 29 38 27 23 3.4 4.4 3.8 4.8 3.5 3.0

Construction3

............................... 234 279 299 313 287 360 3.2 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 426 501 435 458 480 476 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6

Durable goods3

.......................... 250 315 298 295 305 318 3.1 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.8

Nondurable goods3

...................... 176 185 137 163 175 158 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,399 1,642 1,482 1,454 1,340 1,432 4.8 5.6 5.1 5.0 4.6 4.9

Wholesale trade......................... 187 217 178 264 220 226 3.1 3.6 2.9 4.3 3.6 3.7

Retail trade............................... 900 1,103 986 881 861 860 5.4 6.5 5.9 5.3 5.2 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 311 322 318 309 258 345 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.1 5.4

Information3................................. 130 124 123 136 133 169 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.5 5.7

Financial activities......................... 396 412 380 433 334 368 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.8 3.7 4.1

Finance and insurance................. 308 324 317 291 268 247 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.7

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 88 88 63 142 65 122 3.8 3.7 2.7 5.8 2.8 5.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,213 1,313 1,391 1,472 1,424 1,435 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.3

Education and health services........... 1,253 1,324 1,348 1,372 1,212 1,296 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.4 4.8 5.1

Educational services3................... 103 96 91 117 100 109 2.7 2.5 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,150 1,228 1,258 1,254 1,112 1,187 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 935 1,050 1,102 1,077 988 1,023 5.4 6.0 6.2 6.1 5.6 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 94 102 154 109 106 111 3.8 4.0 5.9 4.2 4.1 4.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 840 948 948 969 882 912 5.7 6.3 6.3 6.4 5.9 6.0

Other services.............................. 225 282 271 175 214 217 3.7 4.6 4.4 2.9 3.5 3.5

Government................................... 659 665 619 696 705 688 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.0

Federal3

..................................... 112 110 87 121 130 115 3.9 3.8 3.0 4.1 4.5 3.9

State and local............................. 547 554 532 576 575 573 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8

State and local education.............. 193 230 229 226 224 231 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 354 325 304 350 350 342 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,233 1,284 1,230 1,281 1,201 1,241 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3

South........................................... 2,456 2,878 2,848 2,836 2,698 2,808 4.3 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.9

Midwest........................................ 1,643 1,805 1,767 1,827 1,641 1,735 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.7 5.0

West............................................ 1,563 1,660 1,634 1,681 1,602 1,704 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,625 5,821 5,717 5,829 5,695 5,660 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,282 5,447 5,353 5,434 5,333 5,315 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 37 32 39 35 35 40 5.1 4.2 5.1 4.6 4.6 5.2

Construction................................ 362 393 399 433 367 361 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.9

Manufacturing.............................. 364 368 351 377 351 355 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8

Durable goods........................... 214 202 186 190 192 187 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 149 166 165 187 159 168 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.3 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,106 1,183 1,176 1,127 1,143 1,100 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 133 186 151 138 147 139 2.3 3.2 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3

Retail trade............................... 742 744 802 748 744 718 4.7 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 231 253 224 241 252 242 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.0

Information.................................. 98 97 80 82 85 95 3.5 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.4

Financial activities......................... 184 213 201 192 197 181 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 117 135 133 112 133 124 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 68 79 67 80 64 57 3.0 3.4 2.9 3.5 2.8 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,175 1,136 1,144 1,120 1,175 1,168 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.5

Education and health services........... 701 692 717 724 715 715 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Educational services.................... 85 106 124 113 99 102 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 616 586 593 611 617 613 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,040 1,085 1,037 1,116 1,079 1,099 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.7 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 192 180 154 181 178 169 8.1 7.4 6.3 7.3 7.2 6.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 848 905 883 935 901 930 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.4 6.5

Other services.............................. 215 249 209 228 186 202 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.9 3.2 3.4

Government................................... 344 375 364 395 362 345 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 32 44 36 35 36 37 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 312 331 328 360 326 308 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6

State and local education.............. 153 178 176 184 169 165 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 159 153 152 176 157 143 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 860 924 871 879 884 910 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3

South........................................... 2,215 2,268 2,204 2,334 2,360 2,308 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,257 1,312 1,324 1,300 1,258 1,170 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.5

West............................................ 1,294 1,318 1,318 1,316 1,193 1,272 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,446 5,597 5,469 5,532 5,576 5,434 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,108 5,230 5,122 5,146 5,206 5,102 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 30 35 34 31 37 37 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.9 4.9

Construction................................ 358 380 369 387 364 353 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.7

Manufacturing.............................. 351 361 342 355 347 366 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9

Durable goods........................... 200 203 175 174 192 203 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 151 157 167 180 154 163 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,087 1,141 1,134 1,098 1,114 1,119 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 131 165 143 141 141 144 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

Retail trade............................... 753 741 765 735 720 729 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 203 235 226 222 253 246 3.4 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.2 4.0

Information.................................. 86 88 87 93 89 89 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1

Financial activities......................... 175 195 180 184 182 161 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9

Finance and insurance................. 113 132 131 113 140 109 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.2 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 62 63 49 71 42 51 2.8 2.8 2.1 3.1 1.8 2.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,139 1,092 1,116 1,085 1,122 1,123 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.3

Education and health services........... 675 651 652 662 710 652 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.7

Educational services.................... 94 101 101 87 110 96 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.9 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 581 549 551 575 600 556 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 999 1,056 1,007 1,043 1,044 1,017 6.2 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 184 177 153 151 166 134 7.7 7.3 6.3 6.1 6.7 5.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 816 879 853 892 878 883 5.9 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.2

Other services.............................. 207 233 201 208 197 185 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.1

Government................................... 338 367 347 386 370 333 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 33 35 44 32 36 37 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 306 332 304 353 335 296 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.5

State and local education.............. 150 184 163 182 172 152 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 156 147 141 172 162 143 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 855 790 820 770 779 851 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1

South........................................... 2,150 2,253 2,197 2,280 2,378 2,243 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,150 1,347 1,231 1,224 1,203 1,169 3.5 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5

West............................................ 1,291 1,206 1,221 1,258 1,216 1,171 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total............................................... 3,300 3,379 3,391 3,483 3,447 3,409 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,131 3,184 3,205 3,282 3,259 3,229 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5

Mining and logging......................... 19 20 22 19 21 21 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.8

Construction................................ 156 174 185 185 184 146 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0

Manufacturing.............................. 217 226 211 212 211 221 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

Durable goods........................... 130 126 111 110 118 115 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 88 100 100 101 93 106 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 674 706 715 727 729 736 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

Wholesale trade......................... 87 95 89 87 88 105 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8

Retail trade............................... 463 480 493 512 494 490 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 123 131 133 128 147 141 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.3

Information.................................. 46 56 43 51 48 52 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8

Financial activities......................... 109 101 106 102 97 103 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

Finance and insurance................. 71 64 76 64 75 66 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 37 37 31 38 22 37 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.7 0.9 1.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 644 625 649 664 645 655 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1

Education and health services........... 414 451 448 433 461 440 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8

Educational services.................... 48 52 52 39 58 50 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 366 400 397 394 403 390 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 692 686 706 753 748 725 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 78 70 56 74 80 78 3.3 2.9 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 614 615 650 679 668 647 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6

Other services.............................. 161 139 120 137 114 131 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.2

Government................................... 168 195 186 201 188 180 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 13 18 20 14 17 19 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7

State and local............................. 155 178 166 187 171 161 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8

State and local education.............. 78 96 89 105 96 92 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 77 81 77 82 75 69 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 439 412 464 441 425 513 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.9

South........................................... 1,354 1,391 1,423 1,448 1,489 1,361 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5

Midwest........................................ 726 817 744 797 754 754 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3

West............................................ 780 759 760 797 779 781 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total............................................... 1,771 1,889 1,751 1,695 1,784 1,700 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,663 1,780 1,653 1,562 1,664 1,609 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging......................... 10 13 10 11 14 15 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.0

Construction................................ 182 192 164 181 169 185 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 111 109 111 123 118 126 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0

Durable goods........................... 55 60 51 52 61 77 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0

Nondurable goods....................... 55 49 60 70 56 49 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 313 366 360 305 324 329 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

Wholesale trade3

........................ 28 50 45 43 42 33 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6

Retail trade............................... 216 221 230 179 190 206 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 70 94 85 82 92 90 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

Information.................................. 35 24 38 32 30 24 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.9

Financial activities......................... 41 64 58 57 48 30 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 23 44 44 33 31 21 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 17 20 14 24 17 10 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 426 426 406 358 423 412 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9

Education and health services........... 224 166 155 175 193 166 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7

Educational services.................... 40 45 42 42 46 41 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 184 121 112 133 147 125 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 287 329 279 263 274 275 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 100 100 96 74 84 53 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.0 3.4 2.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 186 230 183 189 189 222 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6

Other services.............................. 35 89 73 59 72 46 0.6 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.8

Government................................... 108 110 98 132 120 91 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4

Federal...................................... 8 5 9 10 6 6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local............................. 100 104 89 122 114 85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4

State and local education.............. 49 63 51 53 53 35 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 51 42 38 70 61 50 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 351 318 303 280 282 290 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

South........................................... 645 720 649 676 750 746 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4

Midwest........................................ 352 464 407 365 385 348 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0

West............................................ 423 387 392 374 368 316 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total............................................... 375 328 327 355 346 325 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 314 266 263 302 284 264 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 2 1 3 1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

Construction3

............................... 20 14 21 21 11 22 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 23 25 19 21 18 19 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Durable goods........................... 15 17 13 12 13 12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 8 8 6 9 5 8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 100 69 59 66 61 54 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 16 20 8 11 10 6 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 74 40 41 43 36 34 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 10 10 9 12 14 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information3................................. 5 7 6 11 11 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5

Financial activities......................... 26 30 15 25 37 27 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 19 24 11 16 34 23 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 7 5 4 9 3 5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 69 41 61 63 55 56 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 37 33 49 54 55 46 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 6 5 7 6 6 6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 32 29 42 48 49 40 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 21 41 22 28 22 17 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 6 7 1 3 1 3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 15 34 21 25 21 14 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Other services3............................. 11 4 9 13 10 8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government................................... 62 62 64 53 62 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 12 15 8 13 12 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 51 50 49 44 49 49 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 23 26 23 24 23 25 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 28 24 25 20 26 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 64 61 53 49 72 47 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 151 142 125 157 139 136 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 72 66 80 62 64 67 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 88 60 70 87 70 75 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,812 6,791 7,343 4.4 4.4 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,170 6,122 6,671 4.7 4.6 5.0

Mining and logging............................................... 26 27 23 3.5 3.5 3.1

Construction....................................................... 234 287 360 3.3 3.9 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 426 480 476 3.3 3.6 3.6

Durable goods.................................................. 250 305 318 3.1 3.7 3.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 176 175 158 3.6 3.6 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,343 1,179 1,323 4.7 4.1 4.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 185 213 223 3.1 3.5 3.7

Retail trade..................................................... 847 708 755 5.1 4.4 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 311 258 345 5.0 4.1 5.4

Information........................................................ 130 133 169 4.4 4.5 5.7

Financial activities................................................ 389 302 351 4.4 3.4 3.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 301 237 229 4.6 3.6 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 65 122 3.8 2.8 5.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,169 1,357 1,420 5.4 6.1 6.3

Education and health services.................................. 1,219 1,181 1,255 4.9 4.7 4.9

Educational services.......................................... 103 100 109 2.6 2.5 2.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,116 1,082 1,146 5.3 5.1 5.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 982 970 1,052 5.8 5.7 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 110 112 129 4.8 4.8 5.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 873 858 924 6.0 5.9 6.2

Other services.................................................... 253 206 241 4.2 3.4 3.9

Government.......................................................... 642 669 672 2.7 2.9 2.9

Federal............................................................. 112 130 115 3.9 4.5 4.0

State and local.................................................... 530 538 557 2.6 2.6 2.7

State and local education..................................... 176 188 216 1.6 1.7 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 354 350 342 3.8 3.7 3.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,215 1,131 1,210 4.3 4.0 4.2

South................................................................. 2,417 2,574 2,747 4.3 4.5 4.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,652 1,576 1,723 4.9 4.6 5.0

West.................................................................. 1,528 1,509 1,663 4.3 4.2 4.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 5,300 4,718 5,278 3.6 3.2 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,041 4,449 5,032 4.0 3.5 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 34 29 38 4.9 3.9 5.1

Construction....................................................... 359 308 355 5.2 4.4 5.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 348 311 334 2.8 2.4 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 209 172 179 2.7 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 139 139 156 3.0 2.9 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,058 875 1,025 3.9 3.2 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 141 129 142 2.4 2.2 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 729 568 689 4.7 3.7 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 188 177 194 3.2 2.9 3.2

Information........................................................ 88 71 87 3.1 2.5 3.1

Financial activities................................................ 173 160 163 2.0 1.9 1.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 108 116 112 1.7 1.8 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 44 52 3.0 1.9 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,109 1,063 1,107 5.4 5.1 5.2

Education and health services.................................. 644 613 657 2.7 2.5 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 58 77 68 1.5 2.0 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 586 536 589 3.0 2.6 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,035 873 1,090 6.5 5.5 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 187 116 160 8.5 5.2 7.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 848 757 930 6.2 5.5 6.7

Other services.................................................... 192 147 176 3.3 2.5 3.0

Government.......................................................... 259 269 246 1.1 1.2 1.1

Federal............................................................. 30 29 34 1.1 1.1 1.2

State and local.................................................... 230 240 213 1.1 1.2 1.1

State and local education..................................... 88 126 91 0.8 1.2 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 142 113 122 1.6 1.2 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 785 660 836 2.9 2.4 3.0

South................................................................. 2,097 2,084 2,164 3.9 3.8 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,218 998 1,118 3.8 3.0 3.4

West.................................................................. 1,200 976 1,160 3.5 2.8 3.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 4,801 4,499 4,789 3.3 3.0 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,570 4,266 4,565 3.7 3.4 3.6

Mining and logging............................................... 29 39 36 4.0 5.3 4.9

Construction....................................................... 321 311 319 4.6 4.4 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 329 295 347 2.6 2.3 2.7

Durable goods.................................................. 187 163 193 2.4 2.0 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 142 132 154 3.0 2.8 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 962 918 991 3.5 3.3 3.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 128 119 144 2.2 2.0 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 660 608 640 4.2 3.9 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 174 192 207 3.0 3.2 3.4

Information........................................................ 75 75 78 2.7 2.7 2.8

Financial activities................................................ 164 155 148 1.9 1.8 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 107 117 100 1.7 1.9 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 58 37 49 2.6 1.7 2.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,053 969 1,045 5.1 4.6 5.0

Education and health services.................................. 608 564 586 2.6 2.3 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 58 64 58 1.5 1.6 1.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 550 500 527 2.8 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 842 793 853 5.3 5.0 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 137 84 100 6.3 3.8 4.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 705 709 752 5.2 5.1 5.4

Other services.................................................... 187 147 164 3.2 2.5 2.8

Government.......................................................... 231 232 224 1.0 1.0 1.0

Federal............................................................. 29 30 34 1.1 1.1 1.2

State and local.................................................... 202 203 189 1.0 1.0 0.9

State and local education..................................... 81 95 81 0.7 0.9 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 121 108 109 1.3 1.2 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 698 568 706 2.6 2.1 2.6

South................................................................. 1,920 1,974 2,009 3.6 3.6 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,012 948 1,016 3.1 2.9 3.1

West.................................................................. 1,171 1,009 1,058 3.4 2.9 3.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 3,003 2,833 3,097 2.0 1.9 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,871 2,706 2,962 2.3 2.1 2.3

Mining and logging............................................... 17 19 20 2.5 2.6 2.6

Construction....................................................... 143 160 131 2.1 2.3 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 208 181 213 1.7 1.4 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 122 101 108 1.6 1.3 1.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 86 80 105 1.8 1.7 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 626 608 688 2.3 2.2 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 85 69 105 1.5 1.2 1.8

Retail trade..................................................... 425 415 448 2.7 2.7 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 117 124 135 2.0 2.1 2.2

Information........................................................ 39 40 46 1.4 1.4 1.6

Financial activities................................................ 104 85 98 1.2 1.0 1.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 66 64 61 1.1 1.0 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 37 22 37 1.7 1.0 1.6

Professional and business services............................ 599 543 613 2.9 2.6 2.9

Education and health services.................................. 382 378 403 1.6 1.6 1.7

Educational services.......................................... 35 39 35 0.9 1.0 0.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 347 339 368 1.8 1.7 1.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 606 609 629 3.8 3.8 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 60 53 61 2.8 2.4 2.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 546 556 568 4.0 4.0 4.1

Other services.................................................... 148 84 121 2.6 1.4 2.1

Government.......................................................... 132 127 135 0.6 0.6 0.6

Federal............................................................. 12 14 18 0.4 0.5 0.7

State and local.................................................... 120 113 117 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local education..................................... 49 56 55 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 71 57 62 0.8 0.6 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 370 325 446 1.4 1.2 1.6

South................................................................. 1,249 1,256 1,254 2.3 2.3 2.3

Midwest............................................................... 661 599 678 2.0 1.8 2.1

West.................................................................. 724 652 719 2.1 1.9 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 1,457 1,364 1,397 1.0 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,404 1,302 1,354 1.1 1.0 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 10 18 15 1.4 2.5 2.1

Construction....................................................... 158 140 166 2.3 2.0 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 98 99 115 0.8 0.8 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 50 53 74 0.6 0.7 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 48 47 41 1.0 1.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 248 254 255 0.9 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 28 42 33 0.5 0.7 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 173 158 165 1.1 1.0 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 47 53 57 0.8 0.9 1.0

Information........................................................ 31 24 19 1.1 0.9 0.7

Financial activities................................................ 39 38 27 0.5 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 26 26 20 0.4 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 13 13 7 0.6 0.6 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 386 381 377 1.9 1.8 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 191 133 139 0.8 0.5 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 20 21 20 0.5 0.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 171 112 119 0.9 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 215 162 206 1.4 1.0 1.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 71 30 36 3.2 1.4 1.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 144 132 171 1.1 1.0 1.2

Other services.................................................... 27 53 34 0.5 0.9 0.6

Government.......................................................... 53 62 43 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 8 5 5 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 45 58 37 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 20 27 13 0.2 0.3 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 25 30 24 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 266 178 217 1.0 0.7 0.8

South................................................................. 539 593 635 1.0 1.1 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 289 299 280 0.9 0.9 0.8

West.................................................................. 362 294 266 1.1 0.9 0.8

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 341 302 295 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 294 259 249 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 2 1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Construction....................................................... 20 11 22 0.3 0.2 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 23 16 19 0.2 0.1 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 15 10 11 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 5 8 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 88 56 47 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 16 8 6 0.3 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 62 34 26 0.4 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 10 14 14 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 5 11 13 0.2 0.4 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 22 31 24 0.3 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 15 28 19 0.2 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 7 3 5 0.3 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 68 45 54 0.3 0.2 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 35 54 43 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 3 5 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 32 49 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 21 22 17 0.1 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 6 1 3 0.3 0.0 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 15 21 14 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services.................................................... 11 10 8 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government.......................................................... 47 43 46 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 11 11 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 38 32 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 11 11 13 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 26 21 23 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 62 64 43 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 131 125 121 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 62 50 58 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 86 63 73 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.