For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 11, 2011 USDL-11-0015

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2010

There were 3.2 million job openings on the last business day of November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. The job openings rate was essentially unchanged over the month at 2.4 percent. 

Both the hires rate and the separations rate were little changed at 3.2 percent each in November. This

release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total 

nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings in November was 3.2 million, which was little changed from 3.3 million in 

October. (See table 1.) Since the most recent series trough in July 2009, the number of job openings has 

risen by 0.9 million, or 39 percent. This trough immediately followed the end of the recession in June 

2009 (as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research). Even with the gains since July 

2009, the number of job openings in November remained 1.1 million below the 4.4 million openings

when the recession began in December 2007. 

The number of job openings in November (not seasonally adjusted) increased from 12 months earlier for 

total nonfarm and total private. The level was little changed over the year for government. Over the year, 

the job openings level increased in seven industries and was essentially unchanged in the remaining

industries. The job openings level was up over the year in all four regions. (See table 5.) 

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

December 2007 - November 2010

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 and ended in June 2009

as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). 

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

December 2007 - November 2010

Hires

Separations

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 and ended in June 2009

as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). 
- 2 - 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total ...................................................... 2,456 3,328 3,248 4,160 4,249 4,210 4,130 4,084 4,118

Total private 1

..........................................2,113 2,998 2,906 3,878 3,963 3,916 3,846 3,798 3,815

Construction.......................................... 71 79 91 329 370 346 347 348 362

Manufacturing....................................... 155 209 227 259 271 283 285 279 308

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

............ 334 481 462 847 838 852 853 802 807

Retail trade..................................... 207 279 242 554 591 593 544 559 560

Professional and business services............ 425 680 701 808 804 757 706 795 683

Education and health services.................. 537 638 547 512 483 516 486 424 486

Leisure and hospitality ........................... 236 321 310 693 686 664 716 694 663

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 23 37 35 111 105 100 116 112 104

Accommodation and food services......... 214 284 275 582 581 564 600 582 559

Government 3

..................................... 343 330 342 282 287 293 284 286 303

 State and local government..................... 249 277 252 247 256 263 249 242 273

Total ...................................................... 1.9 2.5 2.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2

Total private 1

.......................................... 1.9 2.7 2.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5

Construction.......................................... 1.2 1.4 1.6 5.7 6.6 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.5

Manufacturing....................................... 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

............ 1.3 1.9 1.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3

Retail trade.................................... 1.4 1.9 1.7 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services............2.5 3.9 4.0 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.7 4.1

Education and health services.................. 2.7 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................... 1.8 2.4 2.3 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.3 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 1.2 1.9 1.8 5.9 5.6 5.3 6.1 5.9 5.5

Accommodation and food services......... 1.9 2.5 2.4 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.0

Government 3

..................................... 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

 State and local government..................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

 2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

 p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)

Hires

In November, the hires rate was little changed at 3.2 percent for total nonfarm and was essentially 

unchanged for all industries and regions. (See table 2.) There were 4.2 million hires during the month, 9 

percent higher than the most recent series trough in June 2009. This trough coincided with the official 

end of the recession. Despite the gains since June 2009, the number of hires in November remained

below the 5.0 million hires when the recession began in December 2007. Since their respective troughs, 

the hires level has risen at a slower pace than the job openings level.

Over the 12 months ending in November, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was unchanged for 

total nonfarm, total private, and government. The hires rate increased over the past 12 months in finance 

and insurance and was essentially unchanged in the remaining industries. (See table 6.) 
- 3 - 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate in 

November was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The total 

separations rate increased for state and local government. Over the 12 months ending in November, the 

total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) was unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. (See tables 3 and 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In November, the 

quits rate was unchanged for total nonfarm (1.5 percent), total private (1.7 percent), and government (0.5 

percent) and there was little or no change in every industry and region. (See table 4.) The number of 

quits in November (2.0 million) is higher than the series trough in September 2009 (1.7 million), but it is 

still well below the series peak in November 2006 (3.2 million). 

 

Over the 12 months ending in November, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was essentially 

unchanged for all industries and regions. Quits levels increased over the year in mining and logging and 

in the Midwest region. (See table 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges level was essentially unchanged in 

November for total nonfarm and total private but increased for government. The number of layoffs and 

discharges for total nonfarm peaked at 2.6 million in January 2009, then fell to 1.8 million in November

2010. In government, the number of layoffs and discharges in November (133,000) was higher than 

when the recession began in December 2007 (117,000). (See table B below.)

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was essentially unchanged over the 12 months 

ending in November for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The layoffs and discharges level

declined over the year in transportation, warehousing, and utilities; professional and business services; 

federal government; and in the South region. (See table 9.) 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................... 1,973 1,755 1,791 1.5 1.3 1.4

Total private................................................... 1,853 1,647 1,657 1.7 1.5 1.5

Government................................................... 120 108 133 0.5 0.5 0.6

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates (percent)

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In November, there were 280,000 other 

separations for total nonfarm, 244,000 for total private, and 36,000 for government. Compared to 

November 2009, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. (See table 10.)

Relative Contributions to Separations 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm 
- 4 - 

level attributable to the individual components has varied over time, but for the majority of the months 

since the series began in December 2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs 

and discharges. Other separations is historically a very small portion of total separations; it has rarely 

been above 10 percent of the total.

Since February 2010, the proportions of quits and of layoffs and discharges at the total nonfarm level

have been close. In November 2010, the proportion of quits for total nonfarm was 47 percent and the 

proportion of layoffs and discharges was 43 percent. For total private, the proportions were 48 percent 

quits and 43 percent layoffs and discharges. For government, the proportions were 34 percent quits and 

44 percent layoffs and discharges. (See table C below.)

Net Change in Employment

Over the 12 months ending in November, hires (not seasonally adjusted) totaled 50.8 million and 

separations (not seasonally adjusted) totaled 50.0 million, yielding a net employment gain of 0.8 million.

These figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

Nearly half of the hires and nearly half of the separations occurred in three industries: retail trade; 

professional and business services; and accommodation and food services. The large share of total hires 

and separations accounted for by these three industries reflects the size of the industries as well as their 

relatively high hires and separations rates.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for December 2010 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, February 8, 2011 at 10:00 a.m. (EST). Scheduled release dates for 2011 are 

as follows: 

Dec. — Feb. 8 June — Aug. 10 

Jan. — March 11 July — Sept. 7 

Feb. — April 13 Aug. — Oct. 12 

March — May 11 Sept. — Nov. 8 

April — June 7 Oct. — Dec. 13

May — July 12 

Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted

(Levels in thousands)

Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total Level

Portion 

of total

Total .................................... 1,837 44% 1,997 49% 1,953 47% 1,973 48% 1,755 43% 1,791 43%

Total private...........................1,731 45% 1,889 50% 1,849 48% 1,853 48% 1,647 43% 1,657 43%

Government........................... 106 37% 108 38% 103 34% 120 42% 108 38% 133 44%

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Quits Layoffs and discharges

Nov.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Nov.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p
Technical Note

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly 

from a sample of business establishments by the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Collection

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

Data collection methods include computer-assisted 

telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, web, fax, 

e-mail, and mail.

Coverage

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well 

as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia.

Concepts

 Industry classification. The industry classifications 

in this release are in accordance with the 2007 version 

of the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with 

employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, 

location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment 

characteristics resulting from the verification process 

are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame

with the data reported for the first month of the year.

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. 

Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, 

unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay 

or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as 

employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and 

consultants are counted by their employer of record, 

not by the establishment where they are working.

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 

2) work could start within 30 days regardless of 

whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the 

employer is actively recruiting from outside the 

establishment to fill the position. Included are fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in 

newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted 

signs, accepting applications, or using other similar 

methods.

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. 

Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 

days in the future, jobs for which employees have been 

hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings and multiplying that 

quotient by 100.

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning 

from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the 

number of hires by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100.

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time 

during the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings 

or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of 

seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include 

transfers within the same location or employees on 

strike.
 The separations rate is computed by dividing the 

number of separations by employment and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, 

and other separations rates are computed similarly, 

dividing the number by employment and multiplying 

by 100.

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and 

levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released with the 

January news release each year.

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels 

are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for 

job openings cannot be created by summing the 

monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow 

measures and are cumulated over the month with a 

total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates.

Special collection procedures

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given month. Aggregating 

these monthly changes historically produced employment levels that overstated employment change as 

measured by CES at the total nonfarm level. Research 

into this problem showed that a significant amount of 

the divergence between the CES employment levels 

and the derived JOLTS employment levels was traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the 

State Government Education industry. In the former 

industry, businesses have a difficult time reporting 

hires and separations of temporary help workers. In 

the latter industry, employers have difficulty reporting 

hires and separations of student workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and 

review of data for these industries. BLS analysts more 

closely examine reported data that do not provide a 

consistent picture over time, and re-contact the 

respondents as necessary. Analysts work with the 

respondents to adjust their reporting practices as 

possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used; they are 

replaced by imputed values using standard techniques.

Sample and estimation methodology

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including 

factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, 

and local governments in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled 

as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program. This 

program includes all employers subject to state 

Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal 

agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for 

Federal Employees (UCFE).

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units 

drawn on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only large 

units selected with virtual certainty based on their size 

and 24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new noncertainty panel is rolled into collection, and the oldest 

non-certainty panel is rolled out. This means that at 

any given time the JOLTS sample is constructed from 

panels from three different annual sampling frames. 

The entire sample of old plus new panels is poststratified and re-weighted annually to represent the 

most recent sampling frame. Additionally, the out-ofbusiness establishments are removed from the old 

panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample.

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES 

to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for 

all other JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can 

only be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag 

from the birth of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many of these new units may fail within the 

first year. Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and sepa-
rations from these units during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a model to estimate birth/death 

activity for current months by examining the birth/

death activity from previous years on the QCEW and 

projecting forward to the present using an econometric 

technique known as X-12 ARIMA modeling. The 

birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to 

estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) 

that exists in establishments of various sizes. The 

model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number 

of hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 

 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components—quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations—in proportion to 

their contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of 

openings to hires in the collected data and applying that 

ratio to the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death 

model are then added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using 

the X-12 ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. 

Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and 

removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such 

as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of 

the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to 

observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, 

particularly those associated with general economic 

expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal 

adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all 

relevant data, up to and including the data for the 

current month.

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the 

series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable 

to the CES net employment change. However, definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to 

the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trend (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are 

seasonally adjusted and the difference between the 

JOLTS implied employment trend and the CES net 

employment change is calculated. Next, the JOLTS 

implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the CES 

net employment change through a proportional adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts 

the two components (hires, separations) proportionally 

to their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 percent of the 

churn for a given month, they will receive 40 percent 

of the needed adjustment and separations will receive 

60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted hires 

and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal factors. After the Monthly Alignment 

Method has been used to adjust the level estimates, rate 

estimates are computed from the adjusted levels. The 

monthly alignment procedure assures a close match of 

the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES 

trend. The CES series is considered a highly accurate 

measure of net employment change owing to its very 

large sample size and annual benchmarking to universe 

counts of employment from the QCEW program.

Using JOLTS data

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. 

A full complement of panels for the original data series 

based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification 

(SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey 

until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not 

completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full 

sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months 

should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units 

were reporting data at that time.

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires 

and separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may 

not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and 

later.

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the 

new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected 

in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the 
federal government. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers were completed in 

March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS 

definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover 

ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the 

inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would 

distort the federal government time series.

Reliability of the estimates

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the 

sample estimates may differ from the "true" population 

values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That 

means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the 

"true" population value because of sampling error. 

Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request.

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to include a segment of 

the population, the inability to obtain data from all 

units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes 

made by respondents, errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data, and errors from the employment 

benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................2,456 2,864 3,141 3,092 3,011 3,328 3,248 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,113 2,537 2,821 2,752 2,658 2,998 2,906 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.6

Construction.................................... 71 53 101 65 71 79 91 1.2 .9 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Manufacturing................................. 155 226 238 190 203 209 227 1.3 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 334 449 485 449 472 481 462 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8

Retail trade................................. 207 284 295 263 265 279 242 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7

Professional and business services...... 425 514 564 590 559 680 701 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.9 4.0

Education and health services............ 537 487 515 487 529 638 547 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.6 3.1 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 236 317 365 381 307 321 310 1.8 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 23 55 42 41 41 37 35 1.2 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.8

Accommodation and food services... 214 263 323 340 266 284 275 1.9 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.5 2.4

Government 6....................................... 343 327 320 341 354 330 342 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local government............... 249 238 246 257 250 277 252 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 482 631 639 666 565 678 612 1.9 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.7 2.4

South............................................. 859 982 1,100 1,159 1,101 1,283 1,115 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.3

Midwest.......................................... 553 604 617 647 552 633 702 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.3

West............................................. 586 632 696 730 665 821 793 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.7

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................4,160 4,250 4,275 4,156 4,208 4,249 4,210 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,878 3,946 3,985 3,891 3,953 3,963 3,916 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6

Construction.................................... 329 289 361 357 336 370 346 5.7 5.2 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.6 6.2

Manufacturing................................. 259 267 297 274 260 271 283 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 847 876 864 798 863 838 852 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4

Retail trade................................. 554 589 608 571 606 591 593 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1

Professional and business services...... 808 825 810 831 818 804 757 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.5

Education and health services............ 512 523 515 492 514 483 516 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 693 691 712 688 714 686 664 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 111 127 119 109 118 105 100 5.9 6.7 6.2 5.7 6.2 5.6 5.3

Accommodation and food services... 582 564 593 579 595 581 564 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.0

Government 6....................................... 282 304 289 264 254 287 293 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3

State and local government............... 247 247 247 228 222 256 263 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 758 718 731 702 787 756 716 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.1 2.9

South............................................. 1,555 1,505 1,531 1,541 1,562 1,598 1,612 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4

Midwest.......................................... 896 1,013 1,011 946 924 996 950 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.2

West............................................. 970 923 923 870 950 944 914 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 4,130 4,436 4,390 4,210 4,139 4,084 4,118 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 3,846 3,884 3,940 3,796 3,761 3,798 3,815 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Construction.................................... 347 314 361 321 334 348 362 6.1 5.6 6.5 5.7 5.9 6.2 6.5

Manufacturing................................. 285 260 271 279 261 279 308 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 853 874 855 814 813 802 807 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3

Retail trade................................. 544 604 613 583 569 559 560 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services...... 706 777 830 808 774 795 683 4.3 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.1

Education and health services............ 486 493 491 454 487 424 486 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 716 668 701 663 675 694 663 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 116 113 121 106 105 112 104 6.1 5.9 6.3 5.5 5.5 5.9 5.5

Accommodation and food services... 600 555 580 557 570 582 559 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0

Government 6.................................... 284 552 450 414 378 286 303 1.3 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.4

State and local government............... 249 275 268 267 269 242 273 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 728 748 775 731 707 748 765 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1

South............................................. 1,531 1,606 1,533 1,602 1,553 1,419 1,444 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.1

Midwest.......................................... 752 981 1,018 930 984 914 949 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.2

West............................................. 894 928 929 889 910 868 873 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 1,837 1,951 1,974 1,998 1,983 1,997 1,953 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,731 1,819 1,855 1,881 1,860 1,889 1,849 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Construction.................................... 92 67 72 81 85 81 65 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.2

Manufacturing................................. 75 105 97 107 95 108 112 .6 .9 .8 .9 .8 .9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 413 443 451 425 452 417 427 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7

Retail trade................................. 276 331 347 322 351 318 316 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.2

Professional and business services...... 264 325 357 385 350 411 359 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.1

Education and health services............ 262 268 258 249 245 243 254 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 397 373 401 407 394 412 386 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 42 26 31 36 39 51 46 2.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.7 2.4

Accommodation and food services... 355 347 370 370 355 361 340 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0

Government 6.................................... 106 131 119 117 124 108 103 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5

State and local government............... 101 105 100 101 112 96 95 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 276 341 318 333 271 288 283 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1

South............................................. 757 796 749 791 804 777 781 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

Midwest.......................................... 377 438 475 452 410 481 457 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5

West............................................. 446 437 404 425 411 420 389 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,212 3,531 2,910 1.7 2.6 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,891 3,189 2,580 1.7 2.8 2.3

Mining and logging.................................... 13 26 22 1.8 3.3 2.8

Construction............................................. 54 69 71 .9 1.2 1.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 139 208 202 1.2 1.7 1.7

Durable goods....................................... 68 147 148 1.0 2.0 2.0

Nondurable goods.................................... 70 62 55 1.5 1.3 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 299 541 386 1.2 2.1 1.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 54 99 99 .9 1.7 1.7

Retail trade............................................. 200 341 213 1.3 2.3 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 45 101 74 .9 2.1 1.5

Information................................................ 42 80 79 1.5 2.9 2.8

Financial activities...................................... 167 340 265 2.1 4.3 3.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 136 291 226 2.3 4.9 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 31 49 38 1.6 2.5 2.0

Professional and business services............... 388 759 655 2.3 4.3 3.7

Education and health services..................... 501 672 516 2.5 3.3 2.5

Educational services................................. 34 68 51 1.0 2.0 1.5

Health care and social assistance............... 466 604 466 2.8 3.5 2.7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 199 339 251 1.5 2.5 1.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 20 40 30 1.1 2.1 1.7

Accommodation and food services............ 179 299 222 1.6 2.6 1.9

Other services.......................................... 91 155 133 1.7 2.8 2.4

Government................................................ 322 342 330 1.4 1.5 1.4

Federal................................................... 81 57 86 2.8 2.0 2.9

State and local........................................... 241 285 244 1.2 1.4 1.2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 441 725 559 1.7 2.8 2.2

South...................................................... 772 1,342 991 1.6 2.7 2.0

Midwest................................................... 459 659 599 1.5 2.2 2.0

West...................................................... 541 805 761 1.8 2.7 2.5

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 3,671 4,534 3,695 2.8 3.4 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,465 4,248 3,479 3.2 3.9 3.2

Mining and logging.................................... 21 29 23 3.0 3.7 3.0

Construction............................................. 246 368 259 4.2 6.3 4.5

Manufacturing.......................................... 209 282 229 1.8 2.4 2.0

Durable goods....................................... 115 153 130 1.6 2.1 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 94 130 99 2.1 2.9 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 955 964 972 3.8 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade....................................... 114 125 110 2.0 2.2 2.0

Retail trade............................................. 686 697 725 4.7 4.8 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 154 141 136 3.2 2.9 2.8

Information................................................ 63 69 75 2.3 2.5 2.7

Financial activities...................................... 116 206 145 1.5 2.7 1.9

Finance and insurance.............................. 76 151 105 1.3 2.7 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 40 55 40 2.0 2.9 2.1

Professional and business services............... 753 885 678 4.5 5.2 4.0

Education and health services..................... 421 529 426 2.2 2.7 2.1

Educational services................................. 44 92 57 1.3 2.8 1.7

Health care and social assistance............... 377 437 368 2.3 2.6 2.2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 571 677 537 4.5 5.2 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 87 82 73 5.0 4.4 4.2

Accommodation and food services............ 483 596 464 4.4 5.3 4.1

Other services.......................................... 110 239 137 2.1 4.4 2.5

Government................................................ 206 287 215 .9 1.3 .9

Federal................................................... 29 30 24 1.0 1.1 .9

State and local........................................... 177 256 191 .9 1.3 1.0

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 669 794 633 2.7 3.2 2.5

South...................................................... 1,385 1,680 1,459 2.9 3.5 3.1

Midwest................................................... 757 1,077 786 2.5 3.6 2.6

West...................................................... 860 984 817 3.0 3.4 2.8

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 3,574 4,409 3,540 2.7 3.4 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,387 4,179 3,348 3.1 3.8 3.1

Mining and logging.................................... 15 20 20 2.2 2.6 2.6

Construction............................................. 351 400 373 6.0 6.8 6.5

Manufacturing.......................................... 243 315 270 2.1 2.7 2.3

Durable goods....................................... 135 169 144 1.9 2.3 2.0

Nondurable goods.................................... 108 146 126 2.4 3.2 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 730 820 690 2.9 3.3 2.7

Wholesale trade....................................... 108 119 104 1.9 2.1 1.8

Retail trade............................................. 476 560 480 3.2 3.9 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 145 141 107 3.0 2.9 2.2

Information................................................ 68 71 57 2.5 2.6 2.1

Financial activities...................................... 102 204 136 1.3 2.7 1.8

Finance and insurance.............................. 52 143 79 .9 2.5 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 50 61 57 2.5 3.1 3.0

Professional and business services............... 700 870 652 4.2 5.1 3.8

Education and health services..................... 352 407 359 1.8 2.1 1.8

Educational services................................. 37 46 43 1.1 1.4 1.3

Health care and social assistance............... 316 361 315 1.9 2.2 1.9

Leisure and hospitality................................. 671 869 618 5.3 6.6 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 128 177 110 7.3 9.5 6.3

Accommodation and food services............ 544 692 508 4.9 6.1 4.5

Other services.......................................... 154 203 174 2.9 3.8 3.2

Government................................................ 186 230 192 .8 1.0 .8

Federal................................................... 27 40 20 .9 1.4 .7

State and local........................................... 160 190 173 .8 1.0 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 677 835 691 2.7 3.3 2.8

South...................................................... 1,321 1,552 1,195 2.8 3.3 2.5

Midwest................................................... 745 1,030 882 2.5 3.4 2.9

West...................................................... 830 992 772 2.9 3.4 2.6

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 1,457 2,174 1,535 1.1 1.7 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,385 2,086 1,467 1.3 1.9 1.3

Mining and logging.................................... 4 9 9 .5 1.2 1.1

Construction............................................. 71 96 49 1.2 1.6 .8

Manufacturing.......................................... 55 123 81 .5 1.0 .7

Durable goods....................................... 28 55 42 .4 .8 .6

Nondurable goods.................................... 27 68 39 .6 1.5 .9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 339 435 349 1.4 1.7 1.4

Wholesale trade....................................... 47 47 29 .8 .8 .5

Retail trade............................................. 240 331 265 1.6 2.3 1.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 53 56 55 1.1 1.2 1.1

Information................................................ 32 42 34 1.2 1.6 1.2

Financial activities...................................... 47 92 63 .6 1.2 .8

Finance and insurance.............................. 27 64 41 .5 1.1 .7

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 20 28 22 1.0 1.4 1.2

Professional and business services............... 230 477 295 1.4 2.8 1.7

Education and health services..................... 200 256 195 1.0 1.3 1.0

Educational services................................. 21 29 22 .6 .9 .7

Health care and social assistance............... 179 227 172 1.1 1.4 1.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 328 465 315 2.6 3.5 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 27 60 32 1.6 3.2 1.9

Accommodation and food services............ 301 405 282 2.7 3.6 2.5

Other services.......................................... 78 92 78 1.5 1.7 1.4

Government................................................ 73 88 68 .3 .4 .3

Federal................................................... 4 8 5 .1 .3 .2

State and local........................................... 69 80 62 .3 .4 .3

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 215 320 229 .9 1.3 .9

South...................................................... 595 843 629 1.3 1.8 1.3

Midwest................................................... 298 550 369 1.0 1.8 1.2

West...................................................... 350 461 308 1.2 1.6 1.1

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 1,896 1,934 1,726 1.4 1.5 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,815 1,836 1,637 1.7 1.7 1.5

Mining and logging.................................... 11 7 10 1.6 .9 1.2

Construction............................................. 273 281 316 4.6 4.8 5.5

Manufacturing.......................................... 177 166 171 1.5 1.4 1.5

Durable goods....................................... 101 95 87 1.4 1.3 1.2

Nondurable goods.................................... 76 71 84 1.7 1.6 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 343 325 282 1.4 1.3 1.1

Wholesale trade....................................... 56 62 62 1.0 1.1 1.1

Retail trade............................................. 202 188 179 1.4 1.3 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 85 75 41 1.8 1.6 .9

Information................................................ 29 25 19 1.1 .9 .7

Financial activities...................................... 45 97 57 .6 1.3 .8

Finance and insurance.............................. 19 67 27 .3 1.2 .5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 26 31 30 1.3 1.6 1.6

Professional and business services............... 414 346 301 2.5 2.0 1.8

Education and health services..................... 132 120 137 .7 .6 .7

Educational services................................. 13 14 19 .4 .4 .6

Health care and social assistance............... 119 106 118 .7 .6 .7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 325 374 266 2.5 2.8 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 96 113 75 5.5 6.1 4.3

Accommodation and food services............ 228 261 191 2.1 2.3 1.7

Other services.......................................... 66 95 79 1.2 1.8 1.5

Government................................................ 81 98 89 .4 .4 .4

Federal................................................... 18 24 10 .6 .8 .4

State and local........................................... 63 74 79 .3 .4 .4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 435 455 419 1.7 1.8 1.7

South...................................................... 630 592 473 1.3 1.2 1.0

Midwest................................................... 396 410 432 1.3 1.4 1.4

West...................................................... 435 477 402 1.5 1.6 1.4

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 220 302 280 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 188 258 244 .2 .2 .2

Mining and logging.................................... 1 4 1 .1 .6 .2

Construction............................................. 7 23 9 .1 .4 .2

Manufacturing.......................................... 12 25 18 .1 .2 .2

Durable goods....................................... 6 18 14 .1 .3 .2

Nondurable goods.................................... 6 7 4 .1 .2 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 47 61 59 .2 .2 .2

Wholesale trade....................................... 5 9 13 .1 .2 .2

Retail trade............................................. 34 41 36 .2 .3 .2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 8 11 11 .2 .2 .2

Information................................................ 6 5 4 .2 .2 .2

Financial activities...................................... 9 15 15 .1 .2 .2

Finance and insurance.............................. 6 13 11 .1 .2 .2

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 4 2 4 .2 .1 .2

Professional and business services............... 56 46 56 .3 .3 .3

Education and health services..................... 21 31 27 .1 .2 .1

Educational services................................. 2 3 2 .1 .1 .1

Health care and social assistance............... 18 29 24 .1 .2 .1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 18 30 37 .1 .2 .3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 4 5 2 .2 .2 .1

Accommodation and food services............ 14 26 34 .1 .2 .3

Other services.......................................... 10 17 18 .2 .3 .3

Government................................................ 32 44 36 .1 .2 .2

Federal................................................... 4 8 4 .2 .3 .2

State and local........................................... 28 37 31 .1 .2 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 27 62 42 .1 .2 .2

South...................................................... 97 116 95 .2 .2 .2

Midwest................................................... 50 69 81 .2 .2 .3

West...................................................... 46 55 61 .2 .2 .2

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region