1

Technical information: (202) 691-6378

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 07-0673

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Wednesday, May 9, 2007

EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN 2006

In 2006, the share of families with an unemployed member declined to 6.4 percent from 7.0 percent

in the prior year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The

proportion of families with an unemployed member has declined each year since 2003, when it was 8.1

percent. Of the nation’s 77.0 million families, 82.4 percent had at least one employed member in 2006,

essentially unchanged from 2005.

These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current

Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. Families include

married-couple families, as well as families maintained by a man or woman with no spouse present; some

families have children while others do not. For further information about the CPS, see the Technical Note.

Families and Unemployment

In 2006, 4.9 million families had at least one member who was unemployed, down from 5.3 million in

2005. The proportion of black families with an unemployed member (11.4 percent) continued to be about

twice that for white (5.6 percent) and Asian (5.2 percent) families. For Hispanic families, about 8.0 percent

had an unemployed member. For each of these groups, the proportion of families with an unemployed

member in 2006 was down from the prior year. (See table 1.)

In families with an unemployed member, 69.6 percent also had at least one employed member in 2006,

about the same as in 2005. Among married-couple families with unemployment in 2006, 82.3 percent

contained an employed member. Among families maintained by men with an unemployed member, 58.3

percent had an employed member in 2006; for families headed by women, the proportion was 47.3 percent.

These proportions were little changed from the prior year for these three family types. (See table 3.)

Families and Employment

In 2006, the proportion of all families with at least one employed member, at 82.4 percent, was about

unchanged from the prior year. There was little or no change in the proportion of families with employed

members among white (82.7 percent), black (78.1 percent), and Asian (89.9 percent) families. For Hispanic

families, the share with an employed member edged up in 2006 to 87.2 percent. (See table 1.)

Among married-couple families, 83.8 percent had an employed member in 2006, unchanged from 2005.

For families maintained by men or women (no spouse present), the proportions with an employed member

were 84.9 and 76.0 percent, respectively. Both proportions were little changed from the prior year. (See

table 2.)
2

The proportion of married-couple families in which only the husband worked declined to 19.8 percent in

2006 from 20.2 percent in 2005. The proportion of married-couple families in which only the wife worked

remained at 6.5 percent. The proportion that were dual-worker couples (both husband and wife employed)

rose from 51.3 to 51.8 percent. (See table 2.)

Families with Children

Just under half of all families include children (sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children)

under age 18. In 2006, among the 35.6 million families with children under 18, 90.5 percent had an

employed parent, up by 0.3 percentage point from 2005. The 2006 proportion was still below the most

recent peak of 92.0 percent in 2000. In 2006, the mother was employed in 72.0 percent of families

maintained by women, and the father was employed in 83.5 percent of those maintained by men. Among

married-couple families, 97.3 percent had an employed parent in 2006, up from 97.1 percent in 2005. The

proportion of married-couple families in which both parents were employed rose by 0.7 percentage point to

62.0 percent in 2006. (See table 4.)

Mothers

The labor force participation rate for all mothers, at 70.9 percent, was little changed in 2006; it most

recently peaked at 72.3 percent in 2000. The participation rate of married mothers (68.6 percent) was also

about unchanged in 2006. The proportion of unmarried mothers—those who were widowed, divorced,

separated, or never married—who were in the labor force in 2006 was 76.6 percent, about the same as in

the prior year.

In 2006, the unemployment rate for all mothers with children under 18 declined by 0.5 percentage point

to 4.8 percent. The jobless rate for married mothers, at 3.1 percent in 2006, also fell by 0.5 percentage

point over the year. The rate for unmarried mothers edged down in 2006 to 8.5 percent. For all mothers

with children under 6 years, the unemployment rate decreased to 6.0 percent in 2006. (See table 5.)

Among mothers with children younger than a year old, 56.1 percent were in the labor force in 2006,

slightly higher than in the prior year. The labor force participation rate for unmarried mothers with children

under a year old rose by 4.3 percentage points to 59.0 percent in 2006, while the rate for married mothers,

at 55.0 percent, was about unchanged. The unemployment rate for all mothers of children under age 1 was

7.4 percent in 2006, little changed from 2005. (See table 6.)
Technical Note

The estimates in this release are based on annual average

data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national

sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted monthly

for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau.

The information relates to the labor force status of persons 16

years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population

during an “average” week of the year.

The data for 2006 presented in this release are not strictly

comparable with data for 2005 and earlier years because of

the introduction in January 2006 of revised population controls used in the CPS. The effect of the revised population controls on the family estimates is unknown. However,

the effect of the new controls on the monthly CPS estimates

was to decrease the December 2005 employment level by

123,000 and the unemployment level by 8,000. The updated

controls had little or no effect on unemployment rates and

other ratios. For additional information, see "Adjustments

to Household Survey Population Estimates in January 2006,"

available on the internet at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps06adj.

pdf.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request: Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and

nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies

depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is

about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an

estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6

standard errors from the “true” population value because of

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the

90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including

the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability

to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct

information, and errors made in the collection or processing of

the data.

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS

and information on estimating standard errors, see the

“Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error” section of

Employment and Earnings.

Definitions

Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are

presented below.

Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing

together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. The

count of families is for “primary” families only, that is, the householder and all other persons related to and residing with the

householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses.

Householder. The householder is the family reference

person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose

name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of

other individuals in the household is defined in terms of

relationship to the householder. The race or ethnicity of the

family is determined by that of the householder.

Married, spouse present; other marital status. These terms

denote the marital status of individuals at the time of interview.

Married, spouse present, refers to husbands and wives living

together in the same household, even though one may be

temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a

hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status includes

persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent;

widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent relates to

persons who are separated due to marital problems, as well as

husbands and wives who are living apart because one or the

other was employed elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces,

or any other reasons.

Children. Data on children refer to own children and include

sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children, of the

husband, wife, or person maintaining the family. Not included

are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and

all unrelated children living in the household.

Employed. Employed persons are (a) all those who, during

the survey reference week, did any work at all as paid

employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on

their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid

workers in a family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who

did not work but had jobs or businesses from which they were

temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor disputes, or personal reasons, whether or

not they were paid for the time off and whether or not they were

seeking other jobs.

Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no

employment during the reference week, were available for work

at that time, and had made specific efforts to find employment

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference

week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from

which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to

be classified as unemployed.

Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises all

persons classified as employed or unemployed.

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the number

unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Labor force participation rate. The labor force participation

rate is the labor force as a percent of the population.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,

 2005-06 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic 2005 2006

Total

Total families ................................................................................................................ 76,443 77,017

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 62,933 63,492

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 82.3 82.4

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 58,276 58,918

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 13,509 13,525

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 17.7 17.6

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 5,318 4,913

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 7.0 6.4

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 3,717 3,419

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 69.9 69.6

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 3,310 3,049

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 62.2 62.1

White 

Total families ................................................................................................................ 62,567 62,977

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 51,645 52,054

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 82.5 82.7

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 47,883 48,395

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 10,922 10,923

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 17.5 17.3

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 3,801 3,556

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 6.1 5.6

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 2,782 2,582

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 73.2 72.6

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 2,477 2,306

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 65.2 64.8

Black or African American 

Total families ................................................................................................................ 8,952 9,058

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 6,986 7,078

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 78.0 78.1

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 6,353 6,437

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 1,966 1,980

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 22.0 21.9

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 1,140 1,036

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 12.7 11.4

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 657 596

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 57.7 57.6

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 583 526

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 51.1 50.8

Asian 

Total families ................................................................................................................ 3,218 3,251

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 2,889 2,924

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 89.8 89.9

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 2,741 2,772

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 329 327

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 10.2 10.1

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 199 171

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 6.2 5.2

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 160 137

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 80.7 80.4

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 145 123

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 72.8 72.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,

 2005-06 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic 2005 2006

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 

Total families ................................................................................................................ 9,603 9,905

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 8,312 8,641

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 86.6 87.2

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 7,786 8,129

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 1,291 1,264

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 13.4 12.8

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 860 793

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 9.0 8.0

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 606 544

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 70.5 68.6

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 544 491

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 63.2 61.9

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.

 NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by

that of the householder. Estimates for the above race groups

(white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to

totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition,

persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may

be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well

as by race. Data for 2006 reflect revised population controls

used in the Current Population Survey.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2005-06 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2005 2006 2005 2006

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES 

 Total ......................................................................................................... 57,167 57,509 100.0 100.0

 Member(s) employed, total .............................................................................. 47,895 48,196 83.8 83.8

 Husband only ............................................................................................... 11,562 11,399 20.2 19.8

 Wife only ...................................................................................................... 3,715 3,754 6.5 6.5

 Husband and wife ........................................................................................ 29,330 29,799 51.3 51.8

 Other employment combinations ................................................................. 3,288 3,244 5.8 5.6

 No member(s) employed ................................................................................ 9,272 9,313 16.2 16.2

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN 1

 Total ......................................................................................................... 14,035 14,208 100.0 100.0

 Member(s) employed, total .............................................................................. 10,609 10,796 75.6 76.0

 Householder only ........................................................................................... 6,052 6,103 43.1 43.0

 Householder and other member(s) ................................................................ 2,830 2,955 20.2 20.8

 Other member(s), not householder ................................................................ 1,727 1,738 12.3 12.2

 No member(s) employed ................................................................................ 3,426 3,412 24.4 24.0

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN 1

 Total ......................................................................................................... 5,242 5,300 100.0 100.0

 Member(s) employed, total .............................................................................. 4,430 4,500 84.5 84.9

 Householder only .......................................................................................... 2,093 2,089 39.9 39.4

 Householder and other member(s) ............................................................... 1,639 1,715 31.3 32.4

 Other member(s), not householder ............................................................... 698 696 13.3 13.1

 No member(s) employed ................................................................................ 812 800 15.5 15.1

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2006 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type,

 2005-06 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2005 2006 2005 2006

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

 With unemployed member(s), total ................................................................... 3,243 2,968 100.0 100.0

 No member employed ...................................................................................... 580 526 17.9 17.7

 Some member(s) employed ............................................................................. 2,664 2,442 82.1 82.3

 Husband unemployed .................................................................................... 1,190 1,061 36.7 35.7

 Wife employed ............................................................................................. 753 679 23.2 22.9

 Wife unemployed ........................................................................................... 1,004 898 31.0 30.3

 Husband employed ...................................................................................... 873 772 26.9 26.0

 Other family member unemployed ................................................................. 1,049 1,010 32.4 34.0

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN 1

 With unemployed member(s), total .................................................................. 1,539 1,429 100.0 100.0

 No member employed .................................................................................... 797 753 51.8 52.7

 Some member(s) employed ........................................................................... 743 675 48.2 47.3

 Householder unemployed ............................................................................. 746 688 48.5 48.2

 Other member(s) employed ......................................................................... 161 132 10.5 9.3

 Other member(s) unemployed ....................................................................... 793 740 51.5 51.8

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN 1

 With unemployed member(s), total .................................................................. 536 516 100.0 100.0

 No member employed .................................................................................... 225 215 42.1 41.7

 Some member(s) employed ........................................................................... 310 301 57.9 58.3

 Householder unemployed ............................................................................. 301 284 56.1 55.0

 Other member(s) employed ......................................................................... 122 118 22.8 22.8

 Other member(s) unemployed ....................................................................... 235 232 43.9 45.0

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2006 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

 2005-06 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2005 2006 2005 2006

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

 Total ................................................................................................................. 35,402 35,605 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 31,917 32,216 90.2 90.5

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 3,485 3,388 9.8 9.5

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 24,942 25,022 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed .......................................................................................... 24,218 24,344 97.1 97.3

Mother employed ............................................................................................. 16,501 16,721 66.2 66.8

Both parents employed .................................................................................... 15,298 15,516 61.3 62.0

Mother employed, not father ............................................................................ 1,203 1,205 4.8 4.8

Father employed, not mother ........................................................................... 7,716 7,623 30.9 30.5

Neither parent employed .................................................................................. 724 678 2.9 2.7

Families maintained by women 1 ....................................................................... 8,347 8,407 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 5,943 6,054 71.2 72.0

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 2,404 2,352 28.8 28.0

Families maintained by men 1 ............................................................................ 2,113 2,176 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 1,756 1,818 83.1 83.5

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 357 359 16.9 16.5

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

 Total ................................................................................................................. 20,202 20,283 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 18,319 18,446 90.7 90.9

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 1,882 1,837 9.3 9.1

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 13,781 13,752 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed .......................................................................................... 13,350 13,356 96.9 97.1

Mother employed ............................................................................................. 9,990 10,016 72.5 72.8

Both parents employed .................................................................................... 9,210 9,245 66.8 67.2

Mother employed, not father ............................................................................ 780 771 5.7 5.6

Father employed, not mother ........................................................................... 3,360 3,339 24.4 24.3

Neither parent employed .................................................................................. 431 396 3.1 2.9

Families maintained by women 1 ....................................................................... 5,147 5,195 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 3,913 3,976 76.0 76.5

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 1,233 1,219 24.0 23.5

Families maintained by men 1 ............................................................................ 1,274 1,336 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 1,056 1,114 82.9 83.4

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 218 222 17.1 16.6

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

 Total ................................................................................................................. 15,200 15,322 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 13,598 13,770 89.5 89.9

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 1,602 1,551 10.5 10.1

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 11,161 11,270 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed .......................................................................................... 10,868 10,989 97.4 97.5

Mother employed ............................................................................................. 6,511 6,705 58.3 59.5

Both parents employed .................................................................................... 6,089 6,271 54.6 55.6

Mother employed, not father ............................................................................ 422 434 3.8 3.8

Father employed, not mother ........................................................................... 4,357 4,284 39.0 38.0

Neither parent employed .................................................................................. 293 281 2.6 2.5

Families maintained by women 1 ....................................................................... 3,200 3,212 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 2,030 2,078 63.4 64.7

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 1,170 1,133 36.6 35.3

Families maintained by men 1 ............................................................................ 839 840 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 700 704 83.5 83.8

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 139 136 16.5 16.2

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and

adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren,

and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals

due to rounding. Data for 2006 reflect revised population controls

used in the Current Population Survey.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18, 

2005-06 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

2005 2006

Total Men Women Total Men Women

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 64,482 28,065 36,417 64,680 28,188 36,492

 Civilian labor force ............................................................... 52,056 26,399 25,657 52,391 26,530 25,861

 Participation rate ........................................................... 80.7 94.1 70.5 81.0 94.1 70.9

 Employed ........................................................................... 49,882 25,587 24,294 50,388 25,774 24,614

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 77.4 91.2 66.7 77.9 91.4 67.4

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 42,852 24,713 18,139 43,485 24,884 18,601

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 7,029 875 6,155 6,902 890 6,013

 Unemployed ...................................................................... 2,174 811 1,363 2,004 756 1,247

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 4.2 3.1 5.3 3.8 2.9 4.8

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 51,519 25,578 25,942 51,670 25,648 26,022

 Civilian labor force ............................................................... 41,905 24,215 17,690 42,136 24,295 17,842

 Participation rate ........................................................... 81.3 94.7 68.2 81.5 94.7 68.6

 Employed ........................................................................... 40,614 23,556 17,058 40,960 23,680 17,280

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 78.8 92.1 65.8 79.3 92.3 66.4

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 35,086 22,808 12,278 35,500 22,925 12,575

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 5,528 748 4,780 5,460 755 4,705

 Unemployed ...................................................................... 1,291 659 632 1,176 614 562

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 3.1 2.7 3.6 2.8 2.5 3.1

Other marital status 3

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 12,963 2,487 10,475 13,010 2,541 10,470

 Civilian labor force ............................................................... 10,151 2,184 7,967 10,255 2,236 8,019

 Participation rate ........................................................... 78.3 87.8 76.1 78.8 88.0 76.6

 Employed ........................................................................... 9,268 2,032 7,236 9,427 2,094 7,333

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 71.5 81.7 69.1 72.5 82.4 70.0

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 7,766 1,905 5,861 7,985 1,960 6,026

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 1,502 127 1,375 1,442 134 1,308

 Unemployed ...................................................................... 883 152 731 827 142 686

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 8.7 7.0 9.2 8.1 6.3 8.5

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 35,937 15,590 20,348 35,912 15,594 20,318

 Civilian labor force ............................................................... 30,068 14,496 15,572 30,100 14,515 15,585

 Participation rate ........................................................... 83.7 93.0 76.5 83.8 93.1 76.7

 Employed ........................................................................... 28,953 14,066 14,887 29,076 14,124 14,952

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 80.6 90.2 73.2 81.0 90.6 73.6

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 25,074 13,606 11,468 25,277 13,648 11,629

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 3,880 460 3,419 3,799 476 3,323

 Unemployed ...................................................................... 1,115 430 684 1,024 392 632

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 3.7 3.0 4.4 3.4 2.7 4.1

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 28,545 12,475 16,070 28,768 12,594 16,174

 Civilian labor force ............................................................... 21,988 11,903 10,085 22,291 12,015 10,276

 Participation rate ........................................................... 77.0 95.4 62.8 77.5 95.4 63.5

 Employed ........................................................................... 20,928 11,521 9,407 21,311 11,650 9,661

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 73.3 92.4 58.5 74.1 92.5 59.7

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 17,778 11,107 6,671 18,208 11,236 6,972

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 3,150 414 2,736 3,103 414 2,689

 Unemployed ...................................................................... 1,060 381 678 980 365 615

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 4.8 3.2 6.7 4.4 3.0 6.0

WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 159,751 79,237 80,514 162,438 80,719 81,718

 Civilian labor force ............................................................... 95,545 51,914 43,631 97,427 53,115 44,312

 Participation rate ........................................................... 59.8 65.5 54.2 60.0 65.8 54.2

 Employed ........................................................................... 90,171 48,709 41,462 92,460 50,148 42,312

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 56.4 61.5 51.5 56.9 62.1 51.8

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 72,515 41,496 31,019 74,638 42,859 31,780

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 17,657 7,213 10,444 17,821 7,289 10,532

 Unemployed ...................................................................... 5,374 3,205 2,169 4,967 2,967 2,000

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 5.6 6.2 5.0 5.1 5.6 4.5

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

 NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 

2005-06 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

 Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population

Full-time

workers 1

Part-time

workers 2 Number Percent oflabor force

2005

TOTAL MOTHERS

With own children under 3 years old ............ 9,365 5,470 58.4 5,077 54.2 3,501 1,576 393 7.2

 2 years ....................................................... 2,845 1,773 62.3 1,654 58.1 1,162 492 119 6.7

 1 year ......................................................... 3,287 1,958 59.6 1,823 55.5 1,247 576 135 6.9

 Under 1 year ............................................... 3,233 1,740 53.8 1,600 49.5 1,092 508 140 8.0

Married, spouse present

With own children under 3 years old ............ 6,951 3,939 56.7 3,776 54.3 2,588 1,188 164 4.2

 2 years ....................................................... 2,118 1,268 59.9 1,214 57.3 840 374 55 4.3

 1 year ......................................................... 2,435 1,389 57.0 1,337 54.9 901 436 52 3.7

 Under 1 year ............................................... 2,398 1,282 53.5 1,225 51.1 847 378 58 4.5

Other marital status 3

With own children under 3 years old ............ 2,414 1,531 63.4 1,301 53.9 913 388 230 15.0

 2 years ....................................................... 726 504 69.5 440 60.6 322 118 64 12.7

 1 year ......................................................... 852 569 66.8 486 57.0 346 139 83 14.6

 Under 1 year ............................................... 836 457 54.7 375 44.9 245 130 82 18.0

2006

TOTAL MOTHERS

With own children under 3 years old ............ 9,431 5,675 60.2 5,315 56.4 3,751 1,564 360 6.3

 2 years ....................................................... 2,864 1,847 64.5 1,746 61.0 1,280 466 101 5.5

 1 year ......................................................... 3,318 2,006 60.5 1,883 56.7 1,305 577 123 6.1

 Under 1 year ............................................... 3,248 1,822 56.1 1,686 51.9 1,166 520 136 7.4

Married, spouse present

With own children under 3 years old ............ 6,998 4,076 58.2 3,933 56.2 2,756 1,177 143 3.5

 2 years ....................................................... 2,114 1,305 61.7 1,265 59.8 910 354 40 3.1

 1 year ......................................................... 2,494 1,456 58.4 1,404 56.3 962 442 52 3.6

 Under 1 year ............................................... 2,390 1,315 55.0 1,264 52.9 883 381 51 3.9

Other marital status 3

With own children under 3 years old ............ 2,433 1,600 65.7 1,382 56.8 996 386 217 13.6

 2 years ....................................................... 750 543 72.3 481 64.2 369 112 61 11.3

 1 year ......................................................... 824 550 66.7 479 58.1 344 135 71 13.0

 Under 1 year ............................................... 859 507 59.0 422 49.2 283 139 85 16.7

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

 NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.