For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 10, 2019 USDL-19-1594

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2019

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.2 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires edged up to 6.0 million and separations 

increased to 5.8 million. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and discharges rate were little 

changed at 2.4 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of the number and 

rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic 

regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the job openings level was little changed at 7.2 million. The job 

openings rate was 4.5 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 

government. The job openings level decreased in wholesale trade (-55,000) and in federal government

(-11,000). The job openings level increased in information (+42,000) and in mining and logging 

(+11,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged up to 6.0 million (+237,000) in July. The hires rate was 3.9 percent. The 

number of hires edged up for total private (+219,000) and was little changed for government. The hires 

level was little changed in all industries. The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See 

table 2.)

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

 4.6

 4.8

 5.0

Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18 Jan-19 Jul-19

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

July 2016 - July 2019

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18 Jan-19 Jul-19

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

July 2016 - July 2019
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations rose to 5.8 million (+246,000) in July. The total separations rate was 

3.8 percent. The number of total separations increased for total private (+245,000) and was little 

changed for government. The total separations level increased in professional and business services 

(+98,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+42,000), and information (+21,000). The number 

of total separations increased in the West region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits edged up to a series high in July of 3.6 million (+130,000). The quits rate was 2.4

percent. The quits level edged up for total private (+127,000) and was little changed for government. 

Quits increased in health care and social assistance (+54,000) and in federal government (+3,000). The 

number of quits rose in the Midwest region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in July at 1.8 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and 

for government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in information (+20,000). The layoffs 

and discharges level increased in the West region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July. The other separations level was also little 

changed for total private and for government. Other separations decreased in accommodation and food 

services (-13,000) but increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+11,000). The number of 

other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 69.6 million and 

separations totaled 67.0 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.6 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2019 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, October 9, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,442 7,248 7,217 5,833 5,716 5,953 5,675 5,513 5,759

Total private....................................... 6,764 6,560 6,555 5,443 5,377 5,596 5,281 5,174 5,419

Mining and logging1............................ 31 29 40 38 21 23 38 24 28

Construction1................................... 314 331 373 387 413 380 365 407 379

Manufacturing.................................. 488 515 522 393 336 345 364 331 325

Durable goods1.............................. 285 322 331 223 194 198 194 180 178

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 203 193 191 170 142 148 170 151 148

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,533 1,390 1,343 1,141 1,177 1,189 1,124 1,118 1,177

Wholesale trade............................. 221 213 158 145 154 167 131 152 166

Retail trade................................... 1,020 863 865 779 798 772 782 767 770

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 292 314 320 217 225 250 210 199 241

Information1

..................................... 154 129 171 84 93 93 84 90 111

Financial activities.............................. 430 378 364 215 219 250 217 219 227

Finance and insurance..................... 328 260 251 138 128 159 140 125 138

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 102 118 114 77 91 91 77 94 88

Professional and business services......... 1,276 1,292 1,247 1,162 1,112 1,211 1,129 1,059 1,157

Education and health services............... 1,293 1,322 1,306 688 676 743 647 611 678

Educational services1

....................... 137 127 135 107 93 106 104 89 98

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,157 1,195 1,171 582 583 637 543 522 580

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,024 913 942 1,136 1,114 1,140 1,106 1,096 1,116

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 93 104 106 192 128 154 192 136 151

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 931 809 836 944 986 987 915 960 965

Other services.................................. 221 261 245 198 217 222 207 218 222

Government....................................... 678 688 662 390 339 356 394 339 340

Federal1

......................................... 120 110 99 36 33 36 38 33 37

State and local................................. 558 578 563 354 306 320 356 306 304

State and local education.................. 192 217 207 169 166 171 164 174 169

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 365 360 356 186 140 149 192 132 135

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.8 4.6 4.5 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8

Total private....................................... 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging1

............................ 4.0 3.7 5.1 5.2 2.8 3.1 5.1 3.1 3.7

Construction1

................................... 4.1 4.2 4.7 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.1

Manufacturing.................................. 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.5

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.5 3.8 3.9 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods1.......................... 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade............................. 3.6 3.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.8

Retail trade................................... 6.1 5.2 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.7 4.9 5.0 3.6 3.7 4.1 3.5 3.3 3.9

Information1

..................................... 5.1 4.4 5.7 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.9

Financial activities.............................. 4.8 4.2 4.0 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance..................... 4.9 3.9 3.8 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 4.3 4.8 4.7 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.4 4.1 3.8

Professional and business services......... 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.4 4.9 5.4

Education and health services............... 5.2 5.2 5.1 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.8

Educational services1

....................... 3.5 3.2 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.5 5.5 5.4 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.9 5.2 5.3 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.8 4.1 4.1 8.0 5.2 6.3 8.0 5.6 6.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.2 5.4 5.5 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.5 6.7 6.8

Other services.................................. 3.6 4.2 4.0 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Government....................................... 2.9 3.0 2.9 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 4.1 3.8 3.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

State and local................................. 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.8 3.7 3.7 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.5

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

Total............................................... 7,442 7,474 7,372 7,384 7,248 7,217 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,764 6,772 6,635 6,680 6,560 6,555 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8

Mining and logging3....................... 31 28 32 30 29 40 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.7 5.1

Construction3

............................... 314 364 434 376 331 373 4.1 4.7 5.5 4.8 4.2 4.7

Manufacturing.............................. 488 461 496 503 515 522 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9

Durable goods3

.......................... 285 304 318 320 322 331 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9

Nondurable goods3

...................... 203 158 179 183 193 191 4.1 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,533 1,385 1,435 1,352 1,390 1,343 5.3 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.6

Wholesale trade......................... 221 220 262 220 213 158 3.6 3.6 4.2 3.6 3.5 2.6

Retail trade............................... 1,020 825 818 815 863 865 6.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 292 340 355 317 314 320 4.7 5.3 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0

Information3................................. 154 137 130 107 129 171 5.1 4.6 4.4 3.7 4.4 5.7

Financial activities......................... 430 356 354 352 378 364 4.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 328 234 224 266 260 251 4.9 3.6 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 102 122 130 86 118 114 4.3 5.0 5.3 3.6 4.8 4.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,276 1,413 1,260 1,313 1,292 1,247 5.7 6.2 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.5

Education and health services........... 1,293 1,355 1,254 1,329 1,322 1,306 5.2 5.3 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.1

Educational services3................... 137 111 147 122 127 135 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,157 1,244 1,107 1,207 1,195 1,171 5.5 5.8 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,024 1,035 1,022 1,027 913 942 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 93 106 105 110 104 106 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 931 929 917 916 809 836 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.4 5.5

Other services.............................. 221 238 217 292 261 245 3.6 3.9 3.5 4.7 4.2 4.0

Government................................... 678 702 737 704 688 662 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9

Federal3

..................................... 120 117 151 110 110 99 4.1 4.0 5.1 3.8 3.8 3.4

State and local............................. 558 585 587 595 578 563 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8

State and local education.............. 192 228 215 212 217 207 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 365 357 372 383 360 356 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,259 1,224 1,065 1,271 1,231 1,168 4.4 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.2 4.0

South........................................... 2,776 2,846 2,827 2,754 2,641 2,598 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5

Midwest........................................ 1,730 1,729 1,796 1,697 1,689 1,736 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0

West............................................ 1,676 1,675 1,684 1,662 1,688 1,714 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

Total............................................... 5,833 5,697 5,991 5,760 5,716 5,953 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,443 5,345 5,613 5,398 5,377 5,596 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3

Mining and logging......................... 38 39 28 27 21 23 5.2 5.2 3.7 3.5 2.8 3.1

Construction................................ 387 364 420 387 413 380 5.3 4.9 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 393 357 367 340 336 345 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7

Durable goods........................... 223 190 212 193 194 198 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 170 167 155 147 142 148 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,141 1,094 1,146 1,161 1,177 1,189 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3

Wholesale trade......................... 145 134 156 164 154 167 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8

Retail trade............................... 779 725 756 770 798 772 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 217 235 234 227 225 250 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.1

Information.................................. 84 95 87 99 93 93 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.3

Financial activities......................... 215 191 235 217 219 250 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.9

Finance and insurance................. 138 131 144 139 128 159 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 77 60 91 78 91 91 3.4 2.6 3.9 3.4 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,162 1,173 1,253 1,172 1,112 1,211 5.5 5.5 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.6

Education and health services........... 688 720 726 675 676 743 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1

Educational services.................... 107 93 108 98 93 106 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 582 627 618 577 583 637 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,136 1,106 1,129 1,100 1,114 1,140 6.9 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 192 171 161 167 128 154 8.0 6.9 6.5 6.8 5.2 6.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 944 935 968 933 986 987 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.9 6.9

Other services.............................. 198 205 223 220 217 222 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7

Government................................... 390 352 379 361 339 356 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 36 39 38 32 33 36 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3

State and local............................. 354 313 340 329 306 320 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 169 170 171 171 166 171 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 186 144 170 158 140 149 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 968 895 944 957 891 964 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5

South........................................... 2,281 2,342 2,368 2,261 2,293 2,375 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,296 1,195 1,304 1,233 1,249 1,301 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9

West............................................ 1,289 1,265 1,374 1,308 1,283 1,312 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

Total............................................... 5,675 5,508 5,687 5,557 5,513 5,759 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,281 5,171 5,335 5,208 5,174 5,419 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 38 38 31 24 24 28 5.1 5.1 4.1 3.2 3.1 3.7

Construction................................ 365 350 405 390 407 379 5.0 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 364 364 357 334 331 325 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5

Durable goods........................... 194 204 205 188 180 178 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 170 161 152 147 151 148 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,124 1,115 1,137 1,134 1,118 1,177 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 131 138 136 148 152 166 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8

Retail trade............................... 782 738 781 768 767 770 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 210 239 219 219 199 241 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.9

Information.................................. 84 91 105 91 90 111 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.9

Financial activities......................... 217 172 225 211 219 227 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance................. 140 120 135 134 125 138 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 77 51 90 78 94 88 3.4 2.2 3.9 3.4 4.1 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,129 1,150 1,174 1,139 1,059 1,157 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.4

Education and health services........... 647 683 637 622 611 678 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8

Educational services.................... 104 91 91 95 89 98 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 543 592 546 527 522 580 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,106 1,014 1,067 1,047 1,096 1,116 6.8 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 192 132 147 173 136 151 8.0 5.3 6.0 7.0 5.6 6.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 915 882 919 874 960 965 6.5 6.2 6.5 6.1 6.7 6.8

Other services.............................. 207 193 197 215 218 222 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7

Government................................... 394 337 353 349 339 340 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 38 41 32 34 33 37 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3

State and local............................. 356 297 321 315 306 304 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 164 156 165 178 174 169 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 192 140 156 137 132 135 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 861 856 816 924 896 848 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.0

South........................................... 2,237 2,315 2,344 2,078 2,114 2,203 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,277 1,160 1,236 1,216 1,224 1,292 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9

West............................................ 1,299 1,177 1,292 1,339 1,278 1,417 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

Total............................................... 3,443 3,461 3,516 3,478 3,462 3,592 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,262 3,278 3,327 3,277 3,278 3,405 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6

Mining and logging......................... 21 23 19 15 13 15 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.0

Construction................................ 201 149 145 168 186 182 2.8 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 213 222 224 203 203 191 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5

Durable goods........................... 117 118 130 114 114 102 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3

Nondurable goods....................... 96 104 93 89 89 89 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 724 738 744 784 745 735 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6

Wholesale trade......................... 79 102 93 105 90 86 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.4

Retail trade............................... 529 500 524 543 540 524 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 116 137 126 136 115 125 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.0

Information.................................. 48 52 58 57 50 49 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7

Financial activities......................... 133 104 145 118 137 139 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.6

Finance and insurance................. 74 67 82 73 77 87 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 59 37 64 45 60 51 2.6 1.6 2.7 2.0 2.6 2.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 645 656 647 619 621 666 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1

Education and health services........... 407 467 425 406 412 477 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0

Educational services.................... 45 47 50 51 54 64 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 361 420 375 355 359 413 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 748 735 773 761 782 796 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 77 82 83 73 77 80 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 671 653 691 688 705 715 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0

Other services.............................. 122 132 147 144 128 156 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.6

Government................................... 181 184 190 202 183 187 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 16 22 15 16 14 17 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local............................. 165 162 175 186 170 169 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

State and local education.............. 88 94 90 103 98 94 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 77 68 85 82 71 76 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 462 513 448 496 507 464 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7

South........................................... 1,372 1,425 1,478 1,381 1,392 1,465 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6

Midwest........................................ 794 757 791 802 763 828 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5

West............................................ 815 767 799 799 800 835 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

Total............................................... 1,859 1,693 1,830 1,773 1,711 1,799 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,708 1,601 1,726 1,683 1,615 1,707 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging......................... 15 15 11 8 8 12 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.6

Construction................................ 155 181 240 211 211 186 2.1 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 129 122 111 112 109 116 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

Durable goods........................... 61 76 64 61 55 64 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 68 46 47 51 54 51 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 327 326 351 297 313 357 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 35 30 36 34 56 67 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1

Retail trade............................... 214 207 234 194 184 195 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 78 88 80 70 73 94 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5

Information.................................. 30 24 33 28 28 48 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.7

Financial activities......................... 58 32 54 65 63 59 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 42 22 31 35 31 26 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 16 10 23 30 31 33 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 384 422 451 469 376 429 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.0

Education and health services........... 196 164 170 170 164 162 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 52 38 35 36 30 29 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 145 126 135 134 134 133 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 334 262 263 257 272 290 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 112 48 63 97 57 67 4.7 1.9 2.5 4.0 2.3 2.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 222 214 201 160 215 224 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6

Other services.............................. 80 54 43 65 71 49 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.8

Government................................... 151 92 104 90 97 92 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 11 7 6 7 8 6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local............................. 140 86 97 83 89 85 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local education.............. 52 38 52 50 53 49 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 88 48 46 33 36 36 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 327 291 325 371 316 312 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1

South........................................... 741 748 727 579 601 605 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1

Midwest........................................ 405 331 379 349 397 394 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

West............................................ 385 322 398 474 397 488 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.4

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019p

Total............................................... 373 354 341 306 340 368 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 311 293 282 248 281 306 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 1 3 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Construction3

............................... 9 21 21 10 9 11 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 22 21 22 19 19 19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Durable goods........................... 16 10 10 13 12 11 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 7 11 12 6 7 7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 73 51 42 53 60 85 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 17 6 7 9 5 13 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade............................... 39 30 24 31 43 50 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 17 15 12 13 11 22 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

Information3................................. 6 15 15 5 11 14 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5

Financial activities......................... 26 35 26 28 20 29 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 24 31 23 26 17 25 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 1 5 4 2 3 4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 101 72 75 51 62 62 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 44 52 43 46 35 38 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Educational services.................... 7 5 6 8 5 4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 38 46 37 39 30 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 24 18 30 29 42 30 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 2 3 2 3 2 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 22 14 28 26 39 26 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services3............................. 5 7 7 5 20 18 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3

Government................................... 62 61 60 58 59 62 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 12 10 11 11 13 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local............................. 51 49 49 46 48 49 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 24 25 23 24 23 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 27 24 26 22 25 23 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 72 53 42 58 73 71 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

South........................................... 123 142 138 118 121 134 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 78 72 67 64 64 69 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 99 87 94 66 81 94 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Total..................................................................... 7,772 7,125 7,471 5.0 4.5 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 7,023 6,409 6,745 5.2 4.7 4.9

Mining and logging............................................... 31 29 40 4.0 3.7 5.0

Construction....................................................... 314 331 373 4.0 4.1 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 488 515 522 3.7 3.8 3.9

Durable goods.................................................. 285 322 331 3.4 3.8 3.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 203 193 191 4.1 3.9 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,596 1,368 1,403 5.5 4.7 4.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 245 218 179 4.0 3.5 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 1,059 836 903 6.3 5.0 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 292 314 320 4.7 4.9 5.0

Information........................................................ 154 129 171 5.1 4.3 5.7

Financial activities................................................ 437 361 371 4.8 4.0 4.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 335 244 257 5.0 3.7 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 102 118 114 4.3 4.7 4.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,339 1,253 1,276 6.0 5.5 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 1,351 1,273 1,353 5.5 5.0 5.3

Educational services.......................................... 137 127 135 3.8 3.4 3.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,215 1,146 1,218 5.8 5.3 5.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,084 909 981 5.9 5.0 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 89 101 102 3.1 3.5 3.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 995 809 878 6.5 5.2 5.6

Other services.................................................... 230 239 254 3.7 3.8 4.1

Government.......................................................... 748 717 726 3.4 3.1 3.3

Federal............................................................. 120 110 99 4.1 3.8 3.4

State and local.................................................... 628 607 628 3.3 3.0 3.3

State and local education..................................... 263 247 272 2.9 2.4 3.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 365 360 356 3.7 3.7 3.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,305 1,191 1,204 4.6 4.1 4.2

South................................................................. 2,945 2,616 2,724 5.1 4.5 4.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,759 1,647 1,739 5.1 4.7 5.0

West.................................................................. 1,762 1,673 1,804 4.9 4.5 4.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,320 6,481 6,513 4.2 4.3 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,883 6,062 6,108 4.6 4.7 4.7

Mining and logging............................................... 42 24 26 5.6 3.2 3.4

Construction....................................................... 450 491 442 6.0 6.4 5.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 438 408 393 3.4 3.2 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 244 232 223 3.1 2.9 2.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 194 176 170 4.0 3.7 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,146 1,199 1,208 4.1 4.3 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 160 171 189 2.7 2.9 3.2

Retail trade..................................................... 783 823 778 4.9 5.2 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 203 204 241 3.4 3.4 4.0

Information........................................................ 90 104 98 3.2 3.7 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 233 262 277 2.7 3.0 3.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 150 151 174 2.4 2.4 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 83 111 103 3.6 4.7 4.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,246 1,214 1,291 5.9 5.6 6.0

Education and health services.................................. 790 709 859 3.4 2.9 3.6

Educational services.......................................... 133 101 134 3.9 2.8 3.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 657 607 725 3.3 3.0 3.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,217 1,353 1,251 7.1 7.8 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 199 210 161 7.2 7.6 5.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,018 1,144 1,089 7.1 7.8 7.4

Other services.................................................... 231 297 263 3.9 4.9 4.4

Government.......................................................... 437 420 405 2.1 1.9 1.9

Federal............................................................. 36 38 36 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................................... 401 381 369 2.2 1.9 2.0

State and local education..................................... 186 134 189 2.1 1.3 2.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 215 247 179 2.3 2.6 1.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,104 1,092 1,116 4.0 3.9 4.0

South................................................................. 2,433 2,473 2,552 4.5 4.4 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,351 1,455 1,385 4.1 4.4 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,432 1,462 1,460 4.1 4.1 4.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,080 5,830 6,216 4.1 3.8 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,602 5,281 5,794 4.4 4.1 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 37 21 28 5.0 2.7 3.6

Construction....................................................... 383 376 399 5.1 4.9 5.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 391 339 353 3.1 2.6 2.7

Durable goods.................................................. 223 185 204 2.8 2.3 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 167 155 149 3.5 3.2 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,141 1,095 1,199 4.1 3.9 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 143 153 179 2.4 2.6 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 791 761 786 5.0 4.8 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 206 181 234 3.5 3.0 3.9

Information........................................................ 91 90 116 3.2 3.2 4.1

Financial activities................................................ 217 229 236 2.5 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 140 129 142 2.2 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 77 100 94 3.4 4.2 4.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,174 1,067 1,201 5.6 4.9 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 770 734 804 3.3 3.1 3.4

Educational services.......................................... 145 160 136 4.2 4.5 3.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 625 573 668 3.1 2.8 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,160 1,104 1,208 6.8 6.3 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 168 119 145 6.1 4.3 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 991 985 1,063 6.9 6.7 7.2

Other services.................................................... 240 226 252 4.1 3.8 4.2

Government.......................................................... 478 549 422 2.3 2.4 2.0

Federal............................................................. 37 30 36 1.3 1.1 1.3

State and local.................................................... 441 519 386 2.4 2.6 2.1

State and local education..................................... 244 387 245 2.7 3.8 2.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 197 132 142 2.1 1.4 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 906 951 895 3.3 3.4 3.2

South................................................................. 2,458 2,241 2,429 4.5 4.0 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,351 1,277 1,386 4.1 3.8 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,365 1,361 1,506 4.0 3.9 4.3

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Total..................................................................... 3,876 3,751 4,061 2.6 2.5 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,656 3,450 3,837 2.9 2.7 3.0

Mining and logging............................................... 24 12 17 3.2 1.6 2.2

Construction....................................................... 236 194 221 3.1 2.5 2.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 252 213 223 2.0 1.7 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 144 118 125 1.8 1.5 1.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 108 95 97 2.2 2.0 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 775 770 784 2.8 2.8 2.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 86 92 91 1.5 1.5 1.5

Retail trade..................................................... 561 569 559 3.5 3.6 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 128 110 134 2.2 1.8 2.2

Information........................................................ 56 48 55 2.0 1.7 1.9

Financial activities................................................ 141 143 151 1.6 1.6 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 81 83 100 1.3 1.3 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 59 60 51 2.6 2.5 2.2

Professional and business services............................ 700 650 728 3.3 3.0 3.4

Education and health services.................................. 468 470 554 2.0 2.0 2.3

Educational services.......................................... 61 87 89 1.8 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 407 383 465 2.0 1.9 2.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 859 821 922 5.0 4.7 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 99 83 101 3.6 3.0 3.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 761 737 821 5.3 5.0 5.6

Other services.................................................... 146 128 184 2.5 2.1 3.1

Government.......................................................... 220 301 224 1.0 1.3 1.1

Federal............................................................. 15 14 17 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local.................................................... 205 287 207 1.1 1.5 1.1

State and local education..................................... 119 212 123 1.3 2.1 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 85 75 84 0.9 0.8 0.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 512 546 509 1.9 2.0 1.8

South................................................................. 1,577 1,512 1,684 2.9 2.7 3.0

Midwest............................................................... 892 823 943 2.7 2.5 2.8

West.................................................................. 895 871 925 2.6 2.5 2.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Total..................................................................... 1,805 1,688 1,759 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,625 1,551 1,640 1.3 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 12 5 10 1.6 0.7 1.3

Construction....................................................... 138 174 167 1.8 2.3 2.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 115 105 110 0.9 0.8 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 62 53 66 0.8 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 53 52 44 1.1 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 287 268 319 1.0 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 35 56 67 0.6 0.9 1.1

Retail trade..................................................... 190 152 174 1.2 1.0 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 62 59 79 1.0 1.0 1.3

Information........................................................ 29 30 47 1.0 1.1 1.7

Financial activities................................................ 55 66 62 0.6 0.8 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 39 29 23 0.6 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 17 37 38 0.7 1.6 1.6

Professional and business services............................ 371 361 411 1.8 1.7 1.9

Education and health services.................................. 253 223 209 1.1 0.9 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 73 63 39 2.1 1.8 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 180 161 170 0.9 0.8 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 277 241 256 1.6 1.4 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 68 33 40 2.5 1.2 1.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 209 208 216 1.4 1.4 1.5

Other services.................................................... 89 77 50 1.5 1.3 0.8

Government.......................................................... 180 137 119 0.8 0.6 0.6

Federal............................................................. 11 6 7 0.4 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 168 132 112 0.9 0.7 0.6

State and local education..................................... 89 104 82 1.0 1.0 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 79 28 31 0.8 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 310 319 301 1.1 1.1 1.1

South................................................................. 760 594 618 1.4 1.1 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 375 381 369 1.1 1.1 1.1

West.................................................................. 360 395 472 1.0 1.1 1.3

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

July

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Total..................................................................... 399 390 396 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 321 279 316 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 3 1 0.1 0.4 0.1

Construction....................................................... 9 9 11 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 24 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 17 13 13 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 7 7 7 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 79 57 96 0.3 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 21 5 21 0.4 0.1 0.4

Retail trade..................................................... 40 40 53 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 17 11 22 0.3 0.2 0.4

Information........................................................ 6 11 14 0.2 0.4 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 21 20 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 19 17 18 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 1 3 4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 103 56 62 0.5 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 49 40 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 11 11 8 0.3 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 38 30 34 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 24 42 30 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 2 4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 22 39 26 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services.................................................... 5 20 18 0.1 0.3 0.3

Government.......................................................... 78 111 79 0.4 0.5 0.4

Federal............................................................. 10 10 12 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 68 100 67 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local education..................................... 36 72 40 0.4 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 33 29 27 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 84 86 85 0.3 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 122 136 128 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 84 73 74 0.3 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 109 96 110 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.