PHARMATHENE, INC.


Up to $15,000,000 of

Shares of Common Stock


(par value $0.0001 per share)


 


Controlled Equity OfferingSM


 


Sales Agreement


 


March 25, 2013


 


Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.


499 Park Avenue


New York, NY 10022


 


Ladies and Gentlemen:


 


PharmAthene, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”)
with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the “Agent”), as follows:


 


1.Issuance and
Sale of Shares. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through the Agent, up to $15,000,000 of shares (the “Maximum Amount”)
of common stock (the “Placement Shares”) of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common
Stock”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with
the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the amount of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the
sole responsibility of the Company and that Agent shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance. The issuance and
sale of Placement Shares through Agent will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the
Company and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on July 27,
2011, although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue
Common Stock.


 


The Company has filed,
in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and
the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”), with the Commission a registration
statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-175394), including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement
Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed
or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”),
and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus included as part
of the registration statement, which prospectus supplement relates to the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the
Company (the “Prospectus Supplement”). The Company will furnish to the Agent, for use by the Agent, copies
of the prospectus included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the
Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company. The Company may file one or more additional registration statements
from time to time that will contain a base prospectus and related prospectus or prospectus supplement, if applicable (which shall
be a Prospectus Supplement), with respect to the Placement Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration
statement(s), including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information
contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities
Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act Regulations,
is herein called the “Registration Statement.” The base prospectus or base prospectuses, including all
documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented, if necessary, by
the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus or prospectuses and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently
been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations, together with
the then issued Issuer Free Writing Prospectus(es) (defined below), if any, is herein called the “Prospectus.”


 



    	 



    	 



    

 


Any reference herein
to the Registration Statement, any Prospectus Supplement, Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer
to and include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”),
including, unless the context otherwise requires, the documents, if any, filed as exhibits to such Incorporated Documents. Any
reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration
Statement, any Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include
the filing of any document under the Exchange Act on or after the most-recent effective date of the Registration Statement, or
the date of the Prospectus Supplement, Prospectus or such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as the case may be, and incorporated
therein by reference. For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment
or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the most recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data
Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System, or if applicable, the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the
Commission (collectively, “EDGAR”).


 


2.Placements.
Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a “Placement”),
it will notify the Agent by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) of the number of Placement
Shares, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may
be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a “Placement Notice”),
the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company
set forth on Schedule 3 (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed
to each of the individuals from the Agent set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule 3 may be amended from time to time. The Placement
Notice shall be effective unless and until (i) the Agent declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in
its sole discretion, within two (2) Business Days (as defined below) of receipt of such Placement Notice, (ii) the entire
amount of the Placement Shares thereunder have been sold, (iii) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice or
(iv) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of Section 12. The amount of any discount, commission or other
compensation to be paid by the Company to Agent in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance
with the terms set forth in Schedule 2. It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the Agent will have
any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement
Notice to the Agent and the Agent does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon
the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement
Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.


 



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3.Sale of Placement
Shares by Agent. Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), the Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice,
will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal
laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the NYSE MKT (the “Exchange”),
to sell the Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice.
The Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately
following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares
sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to the Agent pursuant to Section 2 with respect to such sales,
and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by the Agent (as set
forth in Section 5(b)) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice,
the Agent may sell Placement Shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined
in Rule 415 of the Securities Act Regulations, including without limitation sales made directly on the Exchange, on any other
existing trading market for the Common Stock or to or through a market maker. With the prior express written consent of the Company,
which may be provided in its Placement Notice, the Agent may also sell Placement Shares in privately negotiated transactions. “Trading
Day” means any day on which Common Stock is traded on the Exchange.


 


4.Suspension
of Sales. The Company or the Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each
of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any
of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable
facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend
any sale of Placement Shares (a “Suspension”); provided, however, that such suspension shall not affect
or impair any party’s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice.
While a Suspension is in effect any obligation under Sections 7(l), 7(m), and 7(n) with respect to the delivery of certificates,
opinions, or comfort letters to the Agent, shall be waived, provided, however, that such waiver shall not apply for the Representation
Date (defined below) occurring on the date that the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Each of the parties agrees that
no such notice under this Section 4 shall be effective against any other party unless it is made to one of the individuals named
on Schedule 3 hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.


 


5.Sale
and Delivery to the Agent; Settlement.


 


(a)Sale
of Placement Shares.  On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and
conditions herein set forth, upon the Agent’s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement
Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement,
the Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal
trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified, and otherwise
in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that
the Agent will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii) the Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or
any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Agent to use its commercially
reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement
Shares as required under this Agreement and (iii) the Agent shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal
basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the Agent and the Company.


 



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(b)Settlement
of Placement Shares.  Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement
Shares will occur on the third (3rd) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading)
following the date on which such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”). The Agent shall notify the
Company of each sale of Placement Shares on the date of such sale. The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement
Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the “Net Proceeds”) will be equal to the aggregate
sales price received by the Agent, after deduction for (i) the Agent’s commission, discount or other compensation for such
sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory
organization in respect of such sales.


 


(c)
Delivery of Placement Shares. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer
agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Agent’s or its designee’s account
(provided the Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement
Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery
as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares
in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date the Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account
designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if
applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date, the Company agrees that, in addition
to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 10(a) hereto, the Company will (i) hold the Agent harmless
against any loss, claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection
with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (ii) pay to the Agent any commission, discount, or other
compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.


 


(d)Denominations;
Registration. Certificates for the Placement Shares, if any, shall be in such denominations and registered in such names
as the Agent may request in writing at least one full Business Day (as defined below) before the Settlement Date. The certificates
for the Placement Shares, if any, will be made available by the Company for examination and packaging by the Agent in The City
of New York not later than noon (New York time) on the Business Day prior to the Settlement Date.


 



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(e)Limitations
on Offering Size. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares
if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant
to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A) together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum
Amount, (B) the amount available for offer and sale under the currently effective Registration Statement and (C) the
amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company’s board of directors, a duly
authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Agent in writing. Under no circumstances
shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the
minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a
duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Agent in writing. Further, under no circumstances shall the Company cause
or permit the aggregate offering amount of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement to exceed the Maximum Amount.


 


6.Representations
and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with Agent that as of the date of this Agreement
and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below):


 


(a)Registration
Statement and Prospectus. The Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply
with the conditions for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission
and has been declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act. The Prospectus Supplement will name the Agent as the
agent in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order
of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, or threatening or instituting proceedings for
that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements
of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts
or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits
to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such
amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the Commission on or prior to
the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to Agent and its counsel. The Company has not distributed
and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Placement Shares, will not distribute
any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) to which the Agent has consented. The Common Stock is
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and is currently listed on the Exchange under the trading symbol “PIP.”
The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock
under the Exchange Act, delisting the Common Stock from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission
or the Exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the Company’s knowledge, it is in compliance
with all applicable listing requirements of the Exchange. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable
future continue to be in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.


 



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(b)No Misstatement
or Omission. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, and the Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement
thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects with the
requirements of the Securities Act. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date, will
conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes
effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment and supplement thereto,
on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not or will not include an untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and
any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements
in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements
in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by
Agent specifically for use in the preparation thereof.


 


(c)Conformity
with Securities Act and Exchange Act. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any
amendment or supplement thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any
amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities Act or the Exchange
Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects
with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.


 


(d)Financial Information.
The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) as of the dates indicated
and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity of the Company for the periods
specified and have been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and in conformity with
GAAP (as defined below) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved; the other financial and statistical data with
respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement,
the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, are accurately and fairly presented and prepared on a basis consistent
with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma)
that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus that are not included
or incorporated by reference as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) do not have any material liabilities
or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement
(excluding the exhibits thereto), and the Prospectus; and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, regarding “non-GAAP financial measures”
(as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item
10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.


 



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(e)Conformity
with EDGAR Filing. The Prospectus delivered to Agent for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to
this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR,
except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.


 


(f)Organization.
The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (as defined below) are, and will be, duly organized, validly existing as a corporation
and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries
(as defined below) are, and will be, duly licensed or qualified as a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good
standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their
respective businesses requires such license or qualification, and have all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold
their respective properties and to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the
aggregate, have a material adverse effect or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on or affecting the
assets, business, operations, earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders’ equity or
results of operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) taken as a whole, or prevent or materially interfere
with consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (a “Material Adverse Effect”).


 


(g)Subsidiaries.
The subsidiaries set forth on Schedule 4 (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”), are the Company’s
only significant subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission). Except as
set forth in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests
of the Subsidiaries free and clear of any lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction,
and all the equity interests of the Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive and
similar rights.


 


(h)No Violation
or Default. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational
documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a
default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of
trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
are subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority, except, in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or
default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s
knowledge, no other party under any material contract or other agreement to which it or any of its Subsidiaries is a party is in
default in any respect thereunder where such default would have a Material Adverse Effect.


 



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(i)No Material
Adverse Change. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
and the Free Writing Prospectuses, if any (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein), there has not been
(i) any Material Adverse Effect or the occurrence of any development that the Company reasonably expects will result in a Material
Adverse Effect, (ii) any transaction which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) any obligation
or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, which
is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) any material change in the capital stock or outstanding
long-term indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid
or made on the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than in each case above in the ordinary course of business
or as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document deemed incorporated by reference
therein).


 


(j)Capitalization.
The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and,
other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first
refusal or similar rights. The Company has an authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of additional options or other securities
under the Company’s existing equity incentive plans, or changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the
Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common
Stock outstanding on the date hereof) and such authorized capital stock conforms to the description thereof set forth in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus. The description of the securities of the Company in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
is complete and accurate in all material respects. Except as disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus, as of the date referred to therein, the Company does not have outstanding any options to purchase, or any rights or
warrants to subscribe for, or any securities or obligations convertible into, or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments
to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.


 


(k)Authorization;
Enforceability. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions
contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding
agreement of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles.


 



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(l)Authorization
of Placement Shares. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors
of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment therefor as provided
herein, will be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance,
security interest or other claim, including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal
or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued,
will conform in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.


 


(m)No Consents
Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or governmental
or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the issuance
and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares, except for such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations
or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws or by the by-laws and rules of the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or the Exchange in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares by
the Agent.


 


(n)No Preferential
Rights. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (i) no person, as such term is defined in
Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a “Person”), has the right, contractual
or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other
securities of the Company, (ii) no Person has any preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal, or any other
rights (whether pursuant to a “poison pill” provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or shares of any other
capital stock or other securities of the Company, (iii)  no Person has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial
advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Stock, and (iv) no Person has the right, contractual
or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock
or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the Registration Statement or the offering
contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the sale of the Placement
Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise.


 


(o)Independent
Public Accounting Firm. Ernst & Young LLP (the “Accountant”), whose report on the consolidated
financial statements of the Company is filed with the Commission as part of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form
10-K filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, are and, during
the periods covered by their report, were an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities
Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). To the Company’s knowledge, the Accountant is not
in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”)
with respect to the Company.


 


(p)Enforceability
of Agreements. All agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced in the Prospectus are legal, valid
and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, except to the extent that (i) enforceability
may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally
and by general equitable principles and (ii) the indemnification provisions of certain agreements may be limited by federal
or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof.


 



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(q)No Litigation.
Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits
or proceedings pending, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any legal, governmental or regulatory audits or investigations,
to which the Company or a Subsidiary is a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is the subject
that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, would reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations
under this Agreement; to the Company’s knowledge, no such actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by
any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others; and (i) there are no current or pending legal, governmental
or regulatory audits or investigations, actions, suits or proceedings that are required under the Securities Act to be described
in the Prospectus that are not so described; and (ii) there are no contracts or other documents that are required under the
Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so filed.


 


(r)Consents and
Permits. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries have made all
filings, applications and submissions required by, possesses and is operating in compliance with, all approvals, licenses, certificates,
certifications, clearances, consents, grants, exemptions, marks, notifications, orders, permits and other authorizations issued
by, the appropriate federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities (including, without limitation, the United
States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the United States Drug Enforcement Administration or
any other foreign, federal, state, provincial, court or local government or regulatory authorities including self-regulatory organizations
engaged in the regulation of clinical trials, pharmaceuticals, biologics or biohazardous substances or materials) necessary for
the ownership or lease of their respective properties or to conduct its businesses as described in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus (collectively, “Permits”), except for such Permits the failure of which to possess, obtain
or make the same would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance
with the terms and conditions of all such Permits, except where the failure to be in compliance would not reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect; all of the Permits are valid and in full force and effect, except where any invalidity, individually
or in the aggregate, would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries has received any written notice of proceedings relating to the limitation, revocation, cancellation, suspension, modification
or non-renewal of any such Permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding,
would have a Material Adverse Effect, and has any reason to believe that any such license, certificate, permit or authorization
will not be renewed in the ordinary course except where such failure would not be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To
the extent required by applicable laws and regulations of the FDA, the Company or the applicable Subsidiary has submitted to the
FDA an Investigational New Drug Application or amendment or supplement thereto for each clinical trial it has conducted or sponsored
or is conducting or sponsoring; all such submissions were in material compliance with applicable laws and rules and regulations
when submitted and, other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, no material deficiencies have been
asserted by the FDA with respect to any such submissions.


 



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(s)Regulatory
Filings. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
has failed to file with the applicable regulatory authorities (including, without limitation, the FDA, or any foreign, federal,
state, provincial or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA) any
required filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission, except for such failures that, individually or in the
aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus, all such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions were in compliance with applicable
laws when filed and no deficiencies have been asserted by any applicable regulatory authority with respect to any such filings,
declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions, except for any deficiencies that, individually or in the aggregate,
would not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has operated and currently is, in all material respects, in compliance with
the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, all applicable rules and regulations of the FDA and other federal, state,
local and foreign governmental bodies exercising comparable authority. The Company has no knowledge of any studies, tests or trials
not described in the Prospectus the results of which reasonably call into question in any material respect the results of the studies,
tests and trials described in the Prospectus.


 


(t)Intellectual
Property. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries own, possess,
license or have other rights to use all foreign and domestic patents, patent applications, trade and service marks, trade and service
mark registrations, trade names, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets, technology, Internet domain names, know-how and
other intellectual property (collectively, the “Intellectual Property”), necessary for the conduct of
their respective businesses as now conducted except to the extent that the failure to own, possess, license or otherwise hold adequate
rights to use such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as
disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (i) there are no rights of third parties to any such Intellectual Property
owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries; (ii) to the Company’s knowledge, there is no infringement by third parties of
any such Intellectual Property; (iii) there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding
or claim by others challenging the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ rights in or to any such Intellectual Property,
and the Company is unaware of any facts which could form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; (iv)
there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the
validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property; (v) there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action,
suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company and its Subsidiaries infringe or otherwise violate any patent, trademark,
copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others; (vi) to the Company’s knowledge, there is no third-party U.S.
patent or published U.S. patent application which contains claims for which an Interference Proceeding (as defined in 35 U.S.C.
§ 135) has been commenced against any patent or patent application described in the Prospectus as being owned by or licensed
to the Company; and (vii) the Company and its Subsidiaries have complied with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which Intellectual
Property has been licensed to the Company or such Subsidiary, and all such agreements are in full force and effect, except, in
the case of any of clauses (i)-(vii) above, for any such infringement by third parties or any such pending or threatened suit,
action, proceeding or claim as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect.


 



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(u)Clinical Studies.
To the Company’s knowledge, the preclinical studies and tests and clinical trials described in the Prospectus were, and,
if still pending, are being, to the Company’s knowledge, conducted in all material respects in accordance with the experimental
protocols, procedures and controls pursuant to, where applicable, accepted professional and scientific standards for products or
product candidates comparable to those being developed by the Company; the descriptions of such studies, tests and trials, and
the results thereof, contained in the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all material respects; the Company is not aware of
any tests, studies or trials not described in the Prospectus, the results of which reasonably call into question the results of
the tests, studies and trials described in the Prospectus; and, other than as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
the Company has not received any written notice or correspondence from the FDA or any foreign, state or local governmental body
exercising comparable authority or any institutional review board or comparable authority requiring the termination, suspension,
clinical hold or material modification of any tests, studies or trials.


 


(v)Market Capitalization.
At the time the Registration Statement was originally declared effective, and at the time the Company’s most recent Annual
Report on Form 10-K was filed with the Commission, the Company met the then applicable requirements for the use of Form S-3 under
the Securities Act, including but not limited to Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3. The aggregate market value of the outstanding
voting and non-voting common equity (as defined in Securities Act Rule 405) of the Company held by persons other than affiliates
of the Company (pursuant to Securities Act Rule 144, those that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control,
or are controlled by, or are under common control with, the Company)  (the “Non-Affiliate Shares”),
was equal to or greater than $75 million  (calculated by multiplying (x) the highest price at which the common equity of the
Company closed on the Exchange within 60 days of the date of this Agreement times (y) the number of Non-Affiliate Shares). The
Company is not a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) and has not been a shell company for at least
12 calendar months previously and if it has been a shell company at any time previously, has filed current Form 10 information
(as defined in Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3) with the Commission at least 12 calendar months previously reflecting its status
as an entity that is not a shell company.


 


(w)No Material
Defaults. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money
or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since
the filing of its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it (i) has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment
on preferred stock or (ii) has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or
more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.


 



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(x)Certain Market
Activities. Neither the Company, nor any of the Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective directors, officers or controlling
persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to cause
or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company
to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares.


 


(y)Broker/Dealer
Relationships. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries or any related entities (i) is required to register as
a “broker” or “dealer” in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii) directly or indirectly
through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a “person associated with a member” or “associated person
of a member” (within the meaning set forth in the FINRA Manual).


 


(z)No Reliance.
The Company has not relied upon the Agent or legal counsel for the Agent for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection
with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.


 


(aa)Taxes.
The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required
to be filed and paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not
being contested in good faith, except where the failure to so file or pay would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise
disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate,
a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state or other governmental tax deficiency, penalty or
assessment which has been or might be asserted or threatened against it which would have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(bb)Title to Real
and Personal Property. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries
have good and marketable title in fee simple to all items of real property owned by them, good and valid title to all personal
property described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus as being owned by them that are material to the businesses of
the Company or such Subsidiary, in each case, except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus free and clear
of all liens, encumbrances and claims, except those that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made
of such property by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate,
to have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real or personal property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being
leased by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries is held by them under valid, existing and enforceable leases, except those that
(A) do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
or (B) would not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the properties
of the Company and its Subsidiaries complies with all applicable codes, laws and regulations (including, without limitation, building
and zoning codes, laws and regulations and laws relating to access to such properties), except if and to the extent disclosed in
the Registration Statement or Prospectus or except for such failures to comply that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to interfere in any material respect with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company
and its Subsidiaries or otherwise have a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company or its subsidiaries has received from any
governmental or regulatory authorities any notice of any condemnation of, or zoning change affecting, the properties of the Company
and its Subsidiaries, and the Company knows of no such condemnation or zoning change which is threatened, except for such that
would not reasonably be expected to interfere in any material respect with the use made and proposed to be made of such property
by the Company and its Subsidiaries or otherwise have a Material Adverse Effect, individually or in the aggregate.


 



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(cc)Environmental
Laws. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in
compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating
to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants
(collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received and are in compliance with all permits,
licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and (iii) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability
for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants,
except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits,
licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.


 


(dd)Disclosure
Controls. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain systems of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable
assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles
and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general
or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable
intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company’s internal control over financial
reporting is effective and the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting
(except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus). Since the date of the latest audited financial statements
of the Company included in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting (except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus). The Company has established disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures
to ensure that material information relating to the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is made known to the certifying officers
by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q, as the case may be, is being prepared. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness
of the Company’s controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of the Form 10-K for the fiscal
year most recently ended (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its Form 10-K for
the fiscal year most recently ended the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls
and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date and the disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Since
the Evaluation Date, there have been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls (as such term is defined in
Item 307(b) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) or, to the Company’s knowledge, in other factors that could significantly
affect the Company’s internal controls.


 



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(ee)Sarbanes-Oxley.
There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities
as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Company (or each former
principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable) has made all
certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to all reports, schedules, forms, statements
and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission. For purposes of the preceding sentence, “principal
executive officer” and “principal financial officer” shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act.


 


(ff)Finder’s
Fees. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has incurred any liability for any finder’s fees, brokerage commissions
or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with respect to Agent
pursuant to this Agreement.


 


(gg)Labor Disputes.
No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the
Company, is threatened which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(hh)Investment
Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is or, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement
Shares, will be an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company,”
as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).


 


(ii)Operations.
The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial
record keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money
laundering statutes of all jurisdictions to which the Company or its Subsidiaries are subject, the rules and regulations thereunder
and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively,
the “Money Laundering Laws”), except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect; and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened.


 


(jj)Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements. There are no transactions, arrangements and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or,
to the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structural
finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity (each, an “Off Balance Sheet Transaction”) that could
reasonably be expected to affect materially the Company’s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital
resources, including those Off Balance Sheet Transactions described in the Commission’s Statement about Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations (Release Nos. 33-8056; 34-45321; FR-61), required to
be described in the Prospectus which have not been described as required.


 



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(kk)Underwriter
Agreements. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other “at-the-market”
or continuous equity transaction.


 


(ll)ERISA.
To the knowledge of the Company, (i) each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), that is maintained, administered or contributed to
by the Company or any of its affiliates for employees or former employees of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries has been maintained
in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including
but not limited to ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”); (ii) no prohibited
transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred which would result in a material
liability to the Company with respect to any such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative
exemption; and (iii) for each such plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA,
no “accumulated funding deficiency” as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived,
and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds
the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions.


 


(mm)Forward Looking
Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange
Act) (a “Forward Looking Statement”) contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been
made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith. The Forward Looking Statements incorporated
by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal
year most recently ended (i) are within the coverage of the safe harbor for forward looking statements set forth in Section
27A of the Securities Act, Rule 175(b) under the Securities Act or Rule 3b-6 under the Exchange Act, as applicable, (ii) were
made by the Company with a reasonable basis and in good faith and reflect the Company’s good faith estimate of the matters
described therein, and (iii) have been prepared in accordance with Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.


 


(nn)Agent Purchases.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that Agent has informed the Company that the Agent may, to the extent permitted under the Securities
Act and the Exchange Act, purchase and sell Common Stock for its own account while this Agreement is in effect, provided, that
(i) no such purchase or sales shall take place while a Placement Notice is in effect (except to the extent each Agent may
engage in sales of Placement Shares purchased or deemed purchased from the Company as a “riskless principal” or in
a similar capacity) and (ii) the Company shall not be deemed to have authorized or consented to any such purchases or sales
by the Agent.


 



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(oo)Margin Rules.
Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.


 


(pp)Insurance.
The Company and each of its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company
and each of its Subsidiaries reasonably believe are adequate for the conduct of their properties.


 


(qq)No Improper
Practices. (i) Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, the Subsidiaries, nor to the Company’s
knowledge, any of their respective executive officers has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate
for any political office (or failed fully to disclose any contribution in violation of law) or made any contribution or other payment
to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state, municipal, or foreign office or other person charged with similar public
or quasi-public duty in violation of any law, other than would not be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or of the
character required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the
Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary or any affiliate of any of them, on the one hand, and the directors,
officers and stockholders of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other hand, that is required
by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iii) no
relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any Subsidiary or any affiliate of them, on the one hand,
and the directors, officers, or stockholders of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other
hand, that is required by the rules of FINRA to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described;
(iv) except as described in the Prospectus, there are no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of
indebtedness by the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary to or for the benefit of any of their respective
officers or directors or any of the members of the families of any of them; and (v) the Company has not offered, or caused any
placement agent to offer, Common Stock to any person with the intent to influence unlawfully (A) a customer or supplier of
the Company or any Subsidiary to alter the customer’s or supplier’s level or type of business with the Company or any
Subsidiary or (B) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information about the Company or any Subsidiary
or any of their respective products or services, and, (vi) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge,
any employee or agent of the Company or any Subsidiary has made any payment of funds of the Company or any Subsidiary or received
or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule or regulation (including, without limitation, the Foreign Corrupt Practices
Act of 1977), which payment, receipt or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus.


 


(rr)Status Under
the Securities Act. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act at
the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares.


 


(ss)No Misstatement
or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, if any, as of its issue date and as
of each Applicable Time (as defined in Section 24 below), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted,
conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated
document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements
in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company by the Agent specifically for use therein.






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(tt)No Conflicts.
Neither the execution of this Agreement, nor the issuance, offering or sale of the Placement Shares, nor the consummation of any
of the transactions contemplated herein and therein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof and
thereof will conflict with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute
a default under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property
or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company may be bound or to which
any of the property or assets of the Company is subject, except (i) such conflicts, breaches or defaults as may have been waived
and (ii) such conflicts, breaches and defaults that would not have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result (x) in
any violation of the provisions of the organizational or governing documents of the Company, or (y) in any material violation of
the provisions of any statute or any order, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or of any court or of any federal, state
or other regulatory authority or other government body having jurisdiction over the Company.


 


(uu) Sanctions.
(i) The Company represents that, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (collectively, the “Entity”)
or any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative of the Entity, is a government, individual, or entity (in
this paragraph (uu), “Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is:


 


(A)  the
subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control,
the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively,
“Sanctions”), nor


 


(B)  located,
organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including, without limitation, Burma/Myanmar,
Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria).


 


(ii)  The
Entity represents and covenants that it will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute
or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:


 


(A)  to
fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding
or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or


 


(B)  in
any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering,
whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).


 


(iii)  The
Entity represents and covenants that, except as detailed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, for the past 5 years,
it has not knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any
Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.


 



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(vv)Stock Transfer
Taxes. On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which are required to be paid in
connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided
for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with.


 


(ww)Compliance
with Laws. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries: (A) is and at all times has been in compliance with all statutes, rules,
or regulations applicable to the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution, marketing,
labeling, promotion, sale, offer for sale, storage, import, export or disposal of any product manufactured or distributed by the
Company or its Subsidiaries (“Applicable Laws”), except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; (B) has not received any FDA Form 483, notice of adverse finding, warning letter,
untitled letter or other correspondence or notice from the FDA or any other governmental authority alleging or asserting noncompliance
with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments
thereto required by any such Applicable Laws (“Authorizations”) other than would not be expected to result in
a Material Adverse Effect; (C) possesses all material Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect
and are not in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations; (D) other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus, has not received notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration
or other action from any governmental authority or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in violation
of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no knowledge that any such governmental authority or third party is considering
any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding; (E) other than as disclosed in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus, has not received notice that any governmental authority has taken, is taking or intends to take action
to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations and has no knowledge that any such governmental authority is considering
such action; (F) has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records,
claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and that all such reports,
documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and correct on
the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); and (G) has not, either voluntarily or involuntarily,
initiated, conducted, or issued or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, any recall, market withdrawal or replacement, safety
alert, post-sale warning, “dear doctor” letter, or other notice or action relating to the alleged lack of safety or
efficacy of any product or any alleged product defect or violation and, to the Company’s knowledge, no third party has initiated,
conducted or intends to initiate any such notice or action.


 


Any certificate signed
by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Agent or to counsel for the Agent pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement
shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agent as to the matters set forth therein.


 



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7.Covenants
of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with Agent that:


 


(a)Registration
Statement Amendments. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement
Shares is required to be delivered by Agent under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be
satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), (i) the Company will notify the Agent promptly of the time when
any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the
Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the
Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information, (ii) the
Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon the Agent’s request, any amendments or supplements to the
Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in such Agent’s reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection
with the distribution of the Placement Shares by the Agent (provided, however, that the failure of the Agent to make such request
shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agent’s right to rely on the representations
and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agent shall have with respect
to the failure to make such filing shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed);
(iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus relating to the Placement
Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to Agent within a reasonable
period of time before the filing and the Agent has not objected thereto (provided, however, that the failure of the Agent to make
such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agent’s right to rely
on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy Agent shall
have with respect to the failure by the Company to obtain such consent shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement) and
the Company will furnish to the Agent at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated
by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (iv) the Company
will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable
paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed
with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the time period prescribed (the determination to file or not
file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this Section 7(a), based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or
reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company).


 


(b)Notice of Commission
Stop Orders. The Company will advise the Agent, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance
or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension
of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any
proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop
order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise the Agent promptly after it receives
any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus
or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional
information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.


 



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(c)Delivery of
Prospectus; Subsequent Changes. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be
delivered by the Agent under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, (including in circumstances
where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will comply with all requirements
imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports
and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections
13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from the
Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, it will use its best efforts to comply with the provisions
of and make all requisite filings with the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430B and to notify the Agent promptly of all such filings.
If during such period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus
to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify Agent to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such
period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company)
so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance.


 


(d)Listing of
Placement Shares. During any period in which the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by
the Agent under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, the Company will use its reasonable
best efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange.


 


(e)Delivery of
Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company will furnish to the Agent and its counsel (at the expense of the Company)
copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments
and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during any period in which a Prospectus
relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including all documents filed with the Commission
during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and
in such quantities as the Agent may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agent’s request, will also furnish copies
of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however, that the Company
shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to the Agent to the extent such document is available
on EDGAR.


 


(f)Earnings Statement.
The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months
after the end of the Company’s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the
provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act.


 



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(g)Use of Proceeds.
The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.”


 


(h)Notice of Other
Sales. Without providing prior written notice to the Agent, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell,
contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant
to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire,
Common Stock during the period beginning on the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which any Placement Notice
is delivered to Agent hereunder and ending on the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date with
respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended
prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and will
not directly or indirectly in any other “at-the-market” or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract
to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to
this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire,
Common Stock prior to the termination of this Agreement; provided, however, that such restrictions will not be required in connection
with the Company’s issuance or sale of (i) Common Stock, options to purchase Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon
the exercise of options, pursuant to any employee or director stock option or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment
plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether
now in effect or hereafter implemented, (ii) Common Stock issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants,
options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing
to the Agent and (iii) Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock as consideration
for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations or strategic alliances occurring after the date of this Agreement which
are not issued for capital raising purposes.


 


(i)Change of Circumstances.
The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice, advise the Agent promptly after it shall have received
notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion,
certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agent pursuant to this Agreement.


 


(j)Due Diligence
Cooperation. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agent or its representatives
in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available
documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s principal offices, as the Agent
may reasonably request.


 


(k)Required Filings
Relating to Placement of Placement Shares. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the Company
will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities
Act (each and every filing under Rule 424(b), a “Filing Date”), which prospectus supplement will set
forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through the Agent, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the
compensation payable by the Company to the Agent with respect to such Placement Shares, and (ii) deliver such number of copies
of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules
or regulations of such exchange or market.


 



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(l)Representation
Dates; Certificate. (1) Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) each time the Company:


 


(i) files the
Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an
offering of securities other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement
Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference
into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares;


 


(ii) files
an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing amended financial information or a material
amendment to the previously filed Form 10-K);


 


(iii) files
its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or


 


(iv) files
a current report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant
to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification
of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under
the Exchange Act (each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a “Representation
Date”);


 


the Company shall furnish
the Agent (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if the Agent reasonably determines that the information contained in such
Form 8-K is material) with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l). The requirement to provide a certificate
under this Section 7(l) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time a Suspension is in effect, which waiver
shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers instructions for the sale of Placement Shares hereunder
(which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when a Suspension was
in effect and did not provide the Agent with a certificate under this Section 7(l), then before the Company delivers the instructions
for the sale of Placement Shares or the Agent sells any Placement Shares pursuant to such instructions, the Company shall provide
the Agent with a certificate in conformity with this Section 7(l) dated as of the date that the instructions for the sale of Placement
Shares are issued.


 


(m)Legal Opinion.
(1) Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect
to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable
and excluding the date of this Agreement, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agent a written opinion of SNR Denton
US LLP (“Company Counsel”), or other counsel satisfactory to the Agent, in form and substance satisfactory
to Agent and its counsel, substantially similar to the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(m), modified, as necessary, to relate
to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; provided, however, the Company shall be required
to furnish to Agent no more than one opinion hereunder per calendar quarter; provided, further, that in lieu of such opinions for
subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, counsel may furnish the Agent with a letter (a “Reliance Letter”)
to the effect that the Agent may rely on a prior opinion delivered under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated
the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).


 



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(n)Comfort Letter.
(1) Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect
to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable
and excluding the date of this Agreement, the Company shall cause its independent registered public accounting firm to furnish
the Agent letters (the “Comfort Letters”), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall
meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n); provided, that if requested by the Agent, the Company shall cause a Comfort
Letter to be furnished to the Agent within ten (10) Trading Days of the date of occurrence of any material transaction or event,
including the restatement of the Company’s financial statements. The Comfort Letter from the Company’s independent
registered public accounting firm shall be in a form and substance satisfactory to the Agent, (i) confirming that they are an independent
registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions
and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’
“comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the “Initial
Comfort Letter”) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included
in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.


 


(o)Market Activities.
The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or might
reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of Common Stock or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Common Stock, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting
purchases of the Placement Shares other than the Agent.


 


(p)Investment
Company Act. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor any of its
Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, required to register as an “investment
company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.


 


(q)No Offer to
Sell. Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and the Agent in its capacity as agent
hereunder, neither the Agent nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Agent in its capacity as
such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities
Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Placement
Shares hereunder.


 



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(r)Blue Sky and
Other Qualifications.  The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation with the
Agent, to qualify the Placement Shares for offering and sale, or to obtain an exemption for the Placement Shares to be offered
and sold, under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the
Agent may designate and to maintain such qualifications and exemptions in effect for so long as required for the distribution
of the Placement Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement); provided, however,
that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation
or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of
doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject. In each jurisdiction in which the Placement Shares
have been so qualified or exempt, the Company will file such statements and reports as may be required by the laws of such jurisdiction
to continue such qualification or exemption, as the case may be, in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the
Placement Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement).


 


(s)Sarbanes-Oxley
Act. The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting their assets and maintain
internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and
including those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, (iii) that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in
accordance with management’s and the Company’s directors’ authorization, and (iv) provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could
have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain such controls and other procedures,
including, without limitation, those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the applicable regulations
thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or
submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s
rules and forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed
by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s
management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions,
as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the
Company or the Subsidiaries is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such
periodic reports are being prepared.






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(t)Secretary’s
Certificate; Further Documentation. Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice, the Company shall deliver to the Agent
a certificate of the Secretary of the Company and attested to by an executive officer of the Company, dated as of such date, certifying
as to (i) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, (ii) the By-laws of the Company, (iii) the resolutions of the Board
of Directors of the Company authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the issuance of the Placement
Shares and (iv) the incumbency of the officers duly authorized to execute this Agreement and the other documents contemplated by
this Agreement. Within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date, the Company shall have furnished to the Agent such further
information, certificates and documents as the Agent may reasonably request.


 


8.Payment of
Expenses. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including
(i) the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement, including any fees required by the Commission, and the printing
or electronic delivery of the Prospectus as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto, in such number as the
Agent shall deem necessary, (ii) the printing and delivery to the Agent of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required
in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares, (iii) the preparation, issuance
and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Placement Shares to the Agent, including any stock or other transfer taxes and
any capital duties, stamp duties or other duties or taxes payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares to
the Agent, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other advisors to the Company, (v) the fees
and disbursements of the counsel to the Agent, payable upon the execution of this Agreement, in an amount not to exceed $50,000;
(vi) the qualification or exemption of the Placement Shares under state securities laws in accordance with the provisions
of Section 7(r) hereof, including filing fees, but excluding fees of the Agent’s counsel, (vii) the printing and
delivery to the Agent of copies of any Permitted Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements
thereto in such number as the Agent shall deem necessary, (viii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Agent of copies
of the blue sky survey, (ix) the fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock, (x) the
filing and other fees incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Placement Shares including the fees of the
Agent’s counsel (subject to the cap, set forth in clause (v) above), and (xi) the fees and expenses incurred in connection
with the listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange.


 


9.Conditions
to Agent’s Obligations. The obligations of the Agent hereunder with respect to a Placement will be subject to the continuing
accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company
of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by the Agent of a due diligence review satisfactory to it in its reasonable judgment,
and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by the Agent in its sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:


 


(a)Registration
Statement Effective. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall be available for the (i) resale
of all Placement Shares issued to the Agent and not yet sold by the Agent and (ii) sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to
be issued by any Placement Notice.


 


(b)No Material
Notices. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company of any request
for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness
of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt
by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of
the Placement Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the
occurrence of any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material
document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making
of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it
will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.


 



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(c)No Misstatement
or Material Omission. Agent shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment
or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agent’s reasonable opinion is material, or omits
to state a fact that in the Agent’s reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to
make the statements therein not misleading.


 


(d)Material Changes.
Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the Commission, there shall not
have been any material adverse change in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material Adverse Effect or any development
that could reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Effect, or a downgrading in or withdrawal of the rating assigned
to any of the Company’s securities (other than asset backed securities) by any rating organization or a public announcement
by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company’s securities (other
than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described above, in
the reasonable judgment of the Agent (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is so
material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in the
manner contemplated in the Prospectus.


 


(e)Legal Opinion.
The Agent shall have received the opinions of Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(m) on or before the
date on which such delivery of such opinion is required pursuant to Section 7(m).


 


(f)Comfort Letter.
The Agent shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(n) on or before the date on which
such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n).


 



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(g)Representation
Certificate. The Agent shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(l) on or before the
date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(l).


 


(h)No Suspension.
Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Common Stock shall not have been delisted from
the Exchange.


 


(i)Other Materials.
On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l), the Company shall have furnished
to the Agent such appropriate further information, opinions, certificates, letters and other as the Agent may reasonably request.
All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof.


 


(j)Securities
Act Filings Made. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to
the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing
by Rule 424.


 


(k)Approval for
Listing. The Placement Shares shall either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance,
or the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance
of any Placement Notice.


 


(l)FINRA.
FINRA shall have raised no objection to the terms of this offering and the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Agent
as described in the Prospectus.


 


(m)No Termination
Event. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agent to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section
12(a).


 


10.Indemnification
and Contribution.


 


(a)Company
Indemnification. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Agent, its partners, members,
directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Agent within the meaning of Section 15
of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows: 


 


(i)against any
and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto),
or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission
therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading;


 



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(ii)against any
and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount
paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,
or of any claim whatsoever, based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission;
provided that (subject to Section 10(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which
consent shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and


 


(iii)against any
and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating,
preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced
or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement
or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above,


 


provided, however,
that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any
untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with written
information furnished to the Company by the Agent expressly for use in the Registration Statement
(or any amendment thereto), or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement
thereto).


 


(b)Agent Indemnification.
Agent agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer and director of the Company who signed
the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities
Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity
contained in Section 10(a), as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements
or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto) or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement
thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Agent and furnished to the Company in writing by the
Agent expressly for use therein. The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Agent has furnished to the
Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment
or supplement thereto) are the statements set forth in the seventh and eighth paragraphs under the caption “Plan of Distribution”
in the Prospectus.


 


(c)Procedure.
Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 10 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement
of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this
Section 10, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but
the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might
have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 10 and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified
party under the foregoing provision of this Section 10 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture
of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it
notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent
that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the
action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action,
with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified
party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or
other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified
party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but
the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment
of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party has
reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties
that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict
exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which
case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or
(4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time
after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges
of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties
shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees,
disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all
such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party
promptly as they are incurred. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim
effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party,
settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating
to the matters contemplated by this Section 10 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement,
compromise or consent (1) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such
litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability
or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.


 



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(d)Settlement
Without Consent if Failure to Reimburse.  If an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse
the indemnified party for reasonable fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any
settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 10(a)(ii) effected without its written consent if (1) such settlement
is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (2) such indemnifying
party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and
(3) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the
date of such settlement.


 


(e)Contribution.
In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing
paragraphs of this Section 10 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the
Company or the Agent, the Company and the Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages
(including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement
of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons
other than the Agent, such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company
who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company
and the Agent may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company
on the one hand and the Agent on the other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agent on
the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before
deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by the Agent (before deducting expenses) from
the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not
permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only
the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the
Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage,
or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative
fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact
or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Agent, the intent
of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The Company and the Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 10(e) were to
be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations
referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage,
or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 10(e) shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section
10(e), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending
any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 10(c) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section
10(e), the Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement
and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be
entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section
10(e), any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any officers, directors,
partners, employees or agents of the Agent, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer and director
of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each
case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action
against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 10(e), will notify any such party
or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom
contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 10(e) except to the extent that the
failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution
is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 10(c) hereof, no party will be liable
for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to
Section 10(c) hereof.


 



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11.Representations
and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 10 of this Agreement and
all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their
respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Agent, any controlling persons, or the Company
(or any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares
and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.


 


12.Termination.


 


(a)The Agent may
terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (1) if there has been, since the
time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any change, or any development
or event involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the business, properties, earnings, results
of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary
course of business, which individually or in the aggregate, in the sole judgment of the Agent is material and adverse and makes
it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (2) if
there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets,
any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective
change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to
make it, in the judgment of the Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for
the sale of the Placement Shares, (3) if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the
Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed
on the Exchange, (4) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market
shall have occurred and be continuing, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United
States shall have occurred and be continuing, or (6) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New
York authorities. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of
Section 8 (Payment of Expenses), Section 10 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 11 (Representations and Agreements to Survive
Delivery), Section 17 (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 18 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain
in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If the Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this
Section 12(a), the Agent shall provide the required notice as specified in Section 13 (Notices).


 


(b)The Company shall
have the right, by giving ten (10) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion
at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except
that the provisions of Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect
notwithstanding such termination.


 



    	31



    	 



    

 


(c)The Agent shall
have the right, by giving ten (10) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion
at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except
that the provisions of Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect
notwithstanding such termination.


 


(d)Unless earlier
terminated pursuant to this Section 12, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all of the Placement
Shares through the Agent on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein; provided that the provisions of Section 8,
Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.


 


(e)This Agreement
shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 12(a), (b), (c), or (d) above or otherwise by mutual
agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide
that Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and Section 18 shall remain in full force and effect.


 


(f)Any termination
of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however, that such termination
shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Agent or the Company, as the case
may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall
settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.


 


13.Notices.
All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of
this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agent, shall be delivered to:


 


Cantor Fitzgerald
& Co.


499 Park Avenue


New York, NY
10022


Attention:Capital
Markets/Jeff Lumby


Facsimile:(212)
307-3730


 


with copies to


 


Cantor Fitzgerald
& Co.


499 Park Avenue


New York, NY
10022


Attention:Stephen
Merkel


   General Counsel


Facsimile:(212)
307-3730


 



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and with a copy to:


 


  Reed Smith LLP




  599 Lexington Avenue




  New York, NY 10022




Attention:Daniel
I. Goldberg, Esq.


Facsimile:(212)
521-5450


 


and if to
the Company, shall be delivered to:


 


PharmAthene, Inc.

One Park Place, Suite 450

Annapolis, MD 21401


Attention:Eric
I. Richman


Facsimile:(410)
269-2666


 


with a copy to:


 


SNR Denton US LLP

1221 Avenue of the Americas


New York, New York
10020

Attention:Jeffrey A. Baumel, Esq.


Facsimile:(212)
768-6800


 


Each party to this
Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such
purpose. Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile
transmission (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is
not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized
overnight courier and (iii) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail,
return receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” shall mean
any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.


 


An electronic communication
(“Electronic Notice”) shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 13 if sent to the electronic
mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the time the
party sending Electronic Notice receives verification of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice
may request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (“Nonelectronic Notice”)
which shall be sent to the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.


 


14.Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and the Agent and their respective
successors and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 10 hereof. References to any
of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing
in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors
and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly
provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent
of the other party; provided, however, that the Agent may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate thereof without
obtaining the Company’s consent.


 



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15.Adjustments
for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted
to take into account any stock split, stock dividend or similar event effected with respect to the Placement Shares.


 


16.Entire Agreement;
Amendment; Severability. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued
pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings,
both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof
may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Agent. In the event that any one or more
of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as
written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible
extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such
invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such
provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected
in this Agreement.


 


17.GOVERNING
LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE
OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.
THE COMPANY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN
ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.


 


18.CONSENT
TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING
IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION
CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT
IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT
FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF
PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED
MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH
SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO
LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.


 



    	34



    	 



    

 


19.Use of Information.The
Agent may not provide any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
including due diligence, to any third party other than its legal counsel advising it on this Agreement unless expressly approved
by the Company in writing.


 


20.Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together
shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile
transmission.


 


21.Effect of
Headings.


 


The section and exhibit headings
herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.


 


22.Permitted
Free Writing Prospectuses.


 


The Company represents,
warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Agent, and the Agent represents, warrants and agrees that,
unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares
that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,”
as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agent
or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company
represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer
free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433
applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and
record keeping. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit 22
hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.


 


23.Absence of
Fiduciary Relationship.


 


The Company acknowledges
and agrees that:


 


(a)the
Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each
transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship
between the Company or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any
other party, on the one hand, and the Agent, on the other hand, has been or will be created in
respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not the
Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and the Agent has no obligation
to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this
Agreement;


 



    	35



    	 



    

  


(b)it is capable
of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement;


 


(c)the
Agent has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;


 


(d)it is aware that
the Agent and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests
that differ from those of the Company and the Agent has no obligation to disclose such interests
and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and


 


(e)it waives, to
the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Agent for breach of fiduciary
duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that the
Agent shall not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such
a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees
or creditors of Company, other than in respect of the Agent’s obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided
by the Company to the Agent and the Agent's counsel confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly-available.


 


24.Definitions.


 


As used in this Agreement,
the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:


 


“Applicable
Time” means (i) each Representation Date and (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this
Agreement.


 


“Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating
to the Placement Shares that (1) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2) is a “road show”
that is a “written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed
with the Commission, or (3) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of
the Placement Shares or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be
filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule
433(g) under the Securities Act Regulations.


 


“Rule 164,”
“Rule 172,” “Rule 405,” “Rule 415,” “Rule
424,” “Rule 424(b),” “Rule 430B,” and “Rule 433”
refer to such rules under the Securities Act Regulations.


 


All
references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included”
or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed
to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.


 


All references in this
Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed
to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
(other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the Commission)
shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to
“supplements” to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, “wrappers” or similar
materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Agent outside of the
United States.


 


[Signature Page
Follows]


 




    	36



    	 



    

 


If the foregoing correctly
sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Agent, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose,
whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Agent.


 


Very truly yours,


 


	 	PharmAthene,
Inc.
	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Eric I. Richman
	 	 	Name: Eric I. Richman
	 	 	Title:President and Chief Executive Officer




 


ACCEPTED as of
the date first-above written:


  


	 	
        CANTOR FITZGERALD &
CO. 

	 	 
	 	By:	/s/ Jeffrey Lumby
	 	 	Name:  Jeffrey Lumby
			Title:  Senior Managing Director


  




    	 



    	 



    

 


SCHEDULE 1


 


 


 


__________________________


 


FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE


 


__________________________


 


 


		From:	PharmAthene, Inc.



 


		To:	Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

Attention: _____________________



 


		Subject:	Placement Notice



 


Gentlemen:


 


Pursuant to the terms
and subject to the conditions contained in the Sales Agreement between PharmAthene, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”),
and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Agent”), dated March 25, 2013, the Company hereby requests that the
Agent sell up to ____________ of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at a minimum market price of $_______
per share, during the time period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time].


  




    	 



    	 



    

 


SCHEDULE 2


 


 


__________________________


 


Compensation


 


__________________________


 


 


 


The Company shall
pay to the Agent in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount equal to 3% of the aggregate
gross proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares.