1

Technical information: (202) 691-6378

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 04-1381

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Friday, July 30, 2004

WORKER DISPLACEMENT, 2001-03

During the January 2001 through December 2003 period, 5.3 million workers were displaced from jobs

they had held for at least 3 years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported

today. The number of displaced workers increased from 4.0 million in the previous survey that covered the

period from January 1999 through December 2001.

Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor has sponsored

surveys that collect information on workers who were displaced from their jobs. These surveys have been

conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of households

that is the primary source of information on the nation’s labor force.

Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who lost or left jobs because their

plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was

abolished. The period covered in this study was 2001-03, the 3 calendar years prior to the January 2004

survey date. The following analysis focuses primarily on the 5.3 million persons who had worked for their

employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured). An additional 6.1

million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured).

Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 11.4 million, up

from 10.1 million (as revised) in the prior survey. (See Technical Note.) Results from the January 2004

survey included the following highlights:

• About 65 percent of the long-tenured displaced were reemployed at the time of the survey.

• Forty-three percent of long-tenured displaced workers cited plant or company closings or moves as

the reason for their displacement.

• Forty-three percent of displaced workers who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years had

received written advance notification that their jobs would be terminated. Those who had received

advance notice, however, were no more likely to be reemployed in January 2004 than were those

who had not been notified.

• Nearly one-third of long-tenured displaced workers lost jobs in manufacturing.

• Fifty-seven percent of long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary jobs

and who were reemployed in such jobs had earnings that were lower than those on the lost job.

About one-third experienced earnings losses of 20 percent or more.
2

Characteristics of the Reemployed

About 65 percent of the 5.3 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed when surveyed

in January 2004. The proportion unemployed at the time of the survey was 20 percent. The remaining

15 percent of long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force. (See table 1.)

In January 2004, reemployment rates for workers ages 20 to 24 and those in the central-age group

(ages 25 to 54) were 65 and 69 percent, respectively. By comparison, reemployment rates were lower for

older workers ages 55 to 64 (56 percent) and 65 years and older (24 percent). Large proportions of older

displaced workers were not in the labor force when surveyed.

In January 2004, 68 percent of men were reemployed, compared with 61 percent of women. Men and

women had about an equal likelihood of being unemployed, but the share of displaced women who had left

the labor force, at nearly 20 percent, was higher than that for men—nearly 12 percent.

In January 2004, reemployment rates were similar across race and ethnic groups—whites (66 percent),

blacks (62 percent), Asians (63 percent), and Hispanics or Latinos (65 percent).

Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice

Of those long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2001 through December 2003 period,

43 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company closings or moves, 29 percent reported that their

position or shift was abolished, and 28 percent cited insufficient work as the reason for being displaced.

(See table 2.) The proportion reporting insufficient work was up slightly from the prior survey, and the share

citing plant or company closings or moves was down.

More than 4 in 10 displaced workers received written advance notice that their jobs would be

terminated, similar to the proportion in prior surveys. In January 2004, long-tenured workers who lost jobs

due to plant or company closings or moves were most likely to have received written advance notice of their

impending job loss. Among this group, 56 percent received such notice; in comparison, 39 percent of

workers displaced because of shift abolishment and only 27 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient

work were notified in advance. Regardless of the reason for displacement, receipt of written advance notice

appears to have had little impact on the likelihood of being reemployed in January 2004. Reemployment

rates were little different for those who did and those who did not receive advance notice—66 and 64

percent, respectively. (See table 3.)

Industry and Occupation

As in prior surveys, manufacturing accounted for a disproportionately large share of displaced workers.

During the 2001-03 period, 1.7 million factory workers were displaced from their jobs—nearly one-third of

all long-tenured displaced workers. Manufacturing displacements were again concentrated within the durable

goods component (1.2 million), particularly in computers and electronic products and in primary metals and

fabricated metal products. (See table 4.)

Displacements in wholesale and retail trade (765,000) accounted for 14 percent of all long-tenured

workers displaced during the 2001-03 period. Long-tenured displaced workers in professional and business

services (595,000) made up 11 percent of total displacement.

The reemployment rate for displaced manufacturing workers was 60 percent, lower than the overall

reemployment rate for displaced workers (65 percent). (These workers were not necessarily reemployed in

the same industries from which they were displaced.) Reemployment rates for workers displaced from the
3

other major industry groups ranged from 60 percent for workers displaced from jobs in financial activities to

74 percent for workers who lost jobs in transportation and utilities and 76 percent for those who lost jobs in

the other services industry (which includes repair and maintenance and personal services).

In the January 2004 survey, persons in managerial, professional, and related jobs accounted for 32

percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. Workers in production, transportation, and material moving

jobs made up about one-quarter of the long-tenured displaced; workers in these occupations tend to be

employed in the manufacturing industry. (See table 5.)

Among the major occupational groups, the reemployment rate was highest for workers displaced from

natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (70 percent) and lowest for those displaced

from service occupations (58 percent).

Geographic Divisions

Compared with the prior survey, the number of long-tenured workers displaced in each geographic

division in the United States increased during the 2001-03 period. The distribution of displacement among

the divisions, however, was about the same as in the prior survey. In terms of employment status at the time

of the January 2004 survey, the New England and West North Central divisions had the highest

reemployment rates, at 73 percent each. (See table 6.)

Earnings

Of the 3.2 million reemployed displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs during the

2001-03 period, 2.6 million were working in such jobs in January 2004. Of these reemployed full-time

workers, 43 percent were earning as much or more in their new jobs as they had earned on the job they

lost. This was lower than the proportion recorded in the January 2002 survey (48 percent). In January

2004, 34 percent reported earnings losses of 20 percent or more. (See table 7.)

Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)

The total number of workers displaced during the 2001-03 period (regardless of how long they had held

their jobs) was 11.4 million; the number of such workers during the 1999-2001 period was 10.1 million (as

revised). Two-thirds of the total displaced had found new jobs when surveyed in January 2004, while 20

percent were unemployed, and 13 percent were not in the labor force. (See table 8.)

Compared with long-tenured displaced workers, the short-tenured were more likely to be young and to

have lost jobs in construction, leisure and hospitality, and in professional and business services.
Technical Note

The data presented in this release were collected through a

supplement to the January 2004 Current Population Survey

(CPS), the monthly survey of about 60,000 households that

provides the basic data on employment and unemployment for

the nation. The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau

for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this

supplement was to obtain information on the number and

characteristics of persons who had been displaced (as defined

below) from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years.

Data presented in this release are based on Census 2000

population controls. Previously published estimates of

displaced workers from the February 2000 and January 2002

surveys were based on population controls from the 1990

census. The estimates from these earlier surveys have been

recalculated using the new Census 2000-based population

controls. The revised population controls raised the overall

number of displaced workers in each survey, but had little or no

impact on rates.

In the February 2000 survey, the total number of displaced

workers (with no tenure restriction) as originally published was

7,561,000, compared with 7,639,000 after revision. The number

of long-tenured displaced workers as originally published was

3,275,000, compared with 3,314,000 after revision.

In the January 2002 survey, the total number of displaced

workers (with no tenure restriction) as originally published was

9,933,000, compared with 10,101,000 after revision based on

Census 2000 population controls. The number of long-tenured

displaced workers as originally published was 3,969,000,

compared with 4,024,000 after revision.

Revised versions of the news release tables for the February

2000 and January 2002 displaced worker surveys will be made

available on the BLS Web site.

For a discussion of the revised population controls and the

impact that their introduction had on the basic CPS data, see

“Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in

January 2003” in the February 2003 issue of Employment and

Earnings and available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf

on the BLS Web site. Also see “Adjustments to Household

Survey Population Estimates in January 2004” in the February

2004 issue of Employment and Earnings and available at

http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps04adj.pdf on the BLS Web site.

 Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202- 691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and

nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies

depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is

about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an

estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6

standard errors from the “true” population value because of

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

 The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain

information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information,

and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS

and information on estimating standard errors, see the

“Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error” section of

Employment and Earnings.

Concepts

The first question asked of survey respondents to the CPS

supplement was, “During the last 3 calendar years, that is,

January 2001 through December 2003, did (you/name) lose a job

or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed

or moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, there

was insufficient work, or another similar reason?” If the answer

to that question was “yes,” then the respondent was asked to

identify which reason, among the following, best described the

reason for the job loss:

Plant or company closed down or moved

Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:

 Insufficient work

 Position or shift abolished

 Seasonal job completed

Self-operated business failed

Some other reason

Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons—

plant or company closed or moved, insufficient work, or

position or shift abolished—were then asked questions about

the lost job, including how many years it had been held; the year

the job was lost; its earnings, industry, and occupation; and

whether health insurance had been provided. Other questions

were asked to determine what transpired before and after the job

loss, such as: Was the respondent notified of the upcoming

dismissal? How long did he/she go without work? Did he/she

receive unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits

used up? Did the person move to another location after the job

loss to take or look for another job? Information also was

collected about current health insurance coverage (other than

Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those

employed in January 2004.
Table 1. Displaced workers 1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in

January 2004

Age, sex, race, and Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity

Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 5,329 100.0 64.8 20.2 15.0

20 to 24 years ............................................. 149 100.0 65.0 19.6 15.3

25 to 54 years ............................................. 4,087 100.0 68.9 19.5 11.6

55 to 64 years ............................................. 887 100.0 55.5 24.9 19.6

65 years and over ....................................... 206 100.0 23.8 12.9 63.3

Men

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 3,010 100.0 67.7 20.8 11.5

20 to 24 years ............................................. 96 100.0 59.8 24.5 15.7

25 to 54 years ............................................. 2,372 100.0 71.0 20.8 8.1

55 to 64 years ............................................. 461 100.0 58.1 22.3 19.6

65 years and over ....................................... 81 100.0 33.5 8.5 57.9

Women

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 2,319 100.0 61.1 19.3 19.6

20 to 24 years ............................................. 53 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................. 1,715 100.0 65.9 17.7 16.4

55 to 64 years ............................................. 426 100.0 52.7 27.7 19.6

65 years and over ....................................... 125 100.0 17.5 15.8 66.7

White

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 4,273 100.0 65.6 18.9 15.5

Men ............................................................. 2,463 100.0 68.4 19.8 11.8

Women ....................................................... 1,810 100.0 61.9 17.5 20.6

Black or African American

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 695 100.0 61.6 27.1 11.2

Men ............................................................. 345 100.0 66.3 26.4 7.3

Women ....................................................... 350 100.0 57.1 27.9 15.0

Asian

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 215 100.0 63.2 22.6 14.2

Men ............................................................. 115 100.0 64.5 27.5 8.0

Women ....................................................... 100 100.0 61.6 16.9 21.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 608 100.0 64.6 20.8 14.6

Men ............................................................. 372 100.0 70.5 19.4 10.1

Women ....................................................... 236 100.0 55.3 23.0 21.7

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job

they had lost or left between January 2001 and December 2003

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the

abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified

as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified

by ethnicity as well as by race.
Table 2. Displaced workers 1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss, January 2004

Age, sex, race, and Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity

Total

(thousands)

 Percent distribution by reason for job loss

Total

Plant or

company closed

down or moved

Insufficient work Position or shift

abolished

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 5,329 100.0 43.1 28.3 28.6

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 149 100.0 52.6 28.7 18.7

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 4,087 100.0 42.2 29.3 28.5

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 887 100.0 45.2 22.1 32.7

65 years and over ......................................................... 206 100.0 45.2 34.9 19.9

Men

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 3,010 100.0 40.7 31.9 27.5

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 96 100.0 44.4 33.7 21.9

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 2,372 100.0 39.8 33.3 27.0

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 461 100.0 44.0 23.8 32.3

65 years and over ......................................................... 81 100.0 44.0 34.4 21.6

Women

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 2,319 100.0 46.3 23.7 30.1

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 53 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 1,715 100.0 45.6 23.8 30.7

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 426 100.0 46.4 20.3 33.3

65 years and over ......................................................... 125 100.0 46.0 35.3 18.8

White

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 4,273 100.0 42.7 27.4 29.9

Men ............................................................................... 2,463 100.0 41.6 30.1 28.3

Women ......................................................................... 1,810 100.0 44.3 23.7 32.0

Black or African American

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 695 100.0 47.1 28.9 24.1

Men ............................................................................... 345 100.0 39.0 36.2 24.8

Women ......................................................................... 350 100.0 55.1 21.6 23.3

Asian

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 215 100.0 44.8 36.7 18.5

Men ............................................................................... 115 100.0 40.3 42.2 17.5

Women ......................................................................... 100 100.0 50.0 30.4 19.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 608 100.0 41.5 36.1 22.4

Men ............................................................................... 372 100.0 38.4 41.6 20.0

Women ......................................................................... 236 100.0 46.4 27.5 26.1

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they

had lost or left between January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for

all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or

Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as

by race.
Table 3. Displaced workers 1 by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment

status in January 2004

Characteristic Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 5,329 100.0 64.8 20.2 15.0

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 2,269 100.0 65.8 19.3 14.8

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 2,964 100.0 64.0 20.9 15.1

Plant or company closed down or moved

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 2,297 100.0 67.3 16.9 15.8

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 1,276 100.0 68.4 15.9 15.7

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 983 100.0 65.6 18.6 15.8

Insufficient work

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 1,508 100.0 62.1 23.8 14.1

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 404 100.0 58.1 26.7 15.2

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 1,070 100.0 64.2 22.2 13.6

Position or shift abolished

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 1,525 100.0 63.7 21.4 14.8

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 588 100.0 65.7 21.6 12.7

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 910 100.0 61.9 21.9 16.2

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts. 2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
Table 4. Displaced workers 1 by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2004

Industry and class of worker of lost job Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

 Total, 20 years and over 2 ................................................................. 5,329 100.0 64.8 20.2 15.0

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers .................. 36 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers .............................. 5,235 100.0 65.0 20.0 15.1

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ................................. 4,996 100.0 65.1 19.9 15.1

 Mining ............................................................................................. 21 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction ................................................................................... 315 100.0 66.7 19.9 13.4

 Manufacturing ................................................................................. 1,697 100.0 59.8 22.6 17.5

 Durable goods manufacturing .................................................. 1,173 100.0 58.2 24.8 17.0

 Primary metals and fabricated metal products ...................... 225 100.0 57.6 19.9 22.6

 Machinery manufacturing ...................................................... 142 100.0 57.8 21.6 20.6

 Computers and electronic products ....................................... 294 100.0 63.8 26.0 10.3

 Electrical equipment and appliances ..................................... 78 100.0 41.5 32.0 26.5

 Transportation equipment ...................................................... 165 100.0 56.7 35.6 7.7

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................................ 98 100.0 48.5 25.8 25.6

 Other durable goods industries ............................................. 169 100.0 64.3 17.5 18.2

 Nondurable goods manufacturing ............................................ 525 100.0 63.5 17.8 18.6

 Food manufacturing ............................................................... 75 100.0 59.8 27.4 12.9

 Textiles, apparel, and leather ................................................ 152 100.0 63.8 19.0 17.2

 Paper and printing ................................................................. 143 100.0 71.2 13.2 15.6

 Other nondurable goods industries ....................................... 154 100.0 58.0 16.3 25.7

 Wholesale and retail trade .............................................................. 765 100.0 66.1 20.4 13.5

 Wholesale trade ......................................................................... 245 100.0 62.4 20.3 17.3

 Retail trade ................................................................................ 521 100.0 67.9 20.5 11.7

 Transportation and utilities 4 ........................................................... 233 100.0 73.8 15.2 11.0

 Transportation and warehousing ............................................... 215 100.0 72.6 15.5 11.9

 Information 4 ................................................................................... 309 100.0 69.2 14.3 16.5

 Telecommunications .................................................................. 182 100.0 64.0 17.7 18.3

 Financial activities .......................................................................... 355 100.0 60.1 25.2 14.7

 Finance and insurance .............................................................. 291 100.0 61.4 26.7 11.9

 Finance .................................................................................. 185 100.0 59.7 24.5 15.8

 Insurance ............................................................................... 106 100.0 64.6 30.4 5.1

 Real estate and rental and leasing ............................................ 64 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Professional and business services ............................................... 595 100.0 70.2 18.5 11.3

 Professional and technical services .......................................... 410 100.0 74.6 15.9 9.5

 Management, administrative, and waste services ..................... 185 100.0 60.4 24.4 15.2

 Education and health services ........................................................ 346 100.0 68.6 15.7 15.7

 Educational services .................................................................. 55 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Health care and social assistance 4 .......................................... 291 100.0 67.5 16.9 15.6

 Hospitals ................................................................................ 88 100.0 69.9 12.4 17.7

 Health services, except hospitals .......................................... 164 100.0 69.1 14.6 16.3

 Leisure and hospitality 4 ................................................................. 216 100.0 65.4 18.1 16.5

 Accommodation and food services 4 ......................................... 174 100.0 64.9 20.2 14.9

 Food services and drinking places ........................................ 144 100.0 66.5 20.4 13.1

 Other services ................................................................................ 139 100.0 76.1 8.6 15.3

 Government workers ............................................................................ 239 100.0 63.1 21.4 15.6

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts.

2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who

did not report industry or class of worker. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 5. Displaced workers 1 by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2004

Occupation of lost job Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

 Total, 20 years and over 2 ................................................... 5,329 100.0 64.8 20.2 15.0

 Management, professional, and related occupations .............. 1,726 100.0 66.8 19.7 13.4

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations ........................................................................ 913 100.0 65.4 20.8 13.7

 Professional and related occupations .................................... 813 100.0 68.4 18.5 13.1

 Service occupations ................................................................ 356 100.0 57.5 20.1 22.4

 Sales and office occupations ................................................... 1,330 100.0 65.5 19.4 15.1

 Sales and related occupations .............................................. 558 100.0 73.5 13.9 12.5

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 772 100.0 59.7 23.3 17.0

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations ........................................................................ 581 100.0 69.5 18.3 12.2

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................ 37 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction and extraction occupations ............................... 288 100.0 71.9 15.0 13.1

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 257 100.0 68.6 20.8 10.6

 Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations ........................................................................ 1,290 100.0 61.5 22.0 16.5

 Production occupations ......................................................... 936 100.0 61.7 19.9 18.4

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................. 354 100.0 61.3 27.4 11.3

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they

had lost or left between January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant

or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Table 6. Displaced workers 1 by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2004

(In thousands)

Characteristic Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Mountain Pacific

Workers who lost jobs

 Total, 20 years and over ........................... 5,329 307 715 929 335 890 272 553 361 968

Men ............................................................... 3,010 174 380 479 183 498 154 323 238 581

Women ......................................................... 2,319 133 335 450 152 392 118 230 122 387

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved ..... 2,297 136 317 417 151 395 148 210 116 407

Insufficient work ............................................ 1,508 89 224 236 74 213 61 162 125 324

Position or shift abolished ............................. 1,525 82 173 276 110 282 62 181 120 237

Industry and class of worker of lost job 2

Agriculture and related industries wage and

salary workers ........................................ 36 1 – – 2 6 2 – – 25

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary

workers ................................................... 5,235 304 709 922 328 876 269 536 357 932

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary

workers ................................................... 4,996 296 693 880 315 843 259 494 339 877

 Mining ................................................... 21 – 2 – 4 3 2 4 5 –

 Construction ......................................... 315 13 39 42 10 48 14 34 58 57

 Manufacturing ....................................... 1,697 112 236 353 89 255 128 129 62 332

 Durable goods ................................. 1,173 72 122 290 64 146 81 94 54 249

 Nondurable goods ........................... 525 40 114 63 25 109 47 35 8 83

 Wholesale and retail trade .................... 765 36 97 135 50 146 30 105 56 111

 Transportation and utilities ................... 233 13 26 43 10 45 22 12 15 46

 Information ............................................ 309 18 41 33 28 58 6 46 27 53

 Financial activities ................................ 355 19 71 65 26 55 14 27 18 59

 Professional and business services ..... 595 54 78 104 41 100 14 50 41 112

 Education and health services .............. 346 19 77 60 23 50 4 40 33 41

 Leisure and hospitality .......................... 216 9 24 17 21 54 17 19 18 38

 Other services ...................................... 139 1 3 27 13 28 8 25 6 28

 Government workers .................................. 239 8 16 42 14 33 10 42 18 56

Employment status

in January 2004

Employed ...................................................... 3,454 223 442 576 245 631 157 380 230 570

Unemployed ................................................. 1,075 59 134 215 50 144 58 102 66 246

Not in the labor force .................................... 800 26 139 139 39 115 57 71 65 151

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions

or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did

not report industry or class of worker.

 NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,

and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and

Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,

Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the

West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose

the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee

compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and

Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,

Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain

Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific

Division. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 7. Displaced workers 1 who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2004 by industry of

lost job and characteristics of new job

(In thousands)

Industry and class of worker of lost job

Reemployed in January 2004

Total

Wage and salary workers

Selfemployed

and

unpaid

family

workers

Part

time

Full time

Total 2

Earnings relative to those of lost job

20 percent

or more

below

Below, but

within 20

percent

Equal or

above, but

within 20

percent

20 percent

or more

above

 Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs 3 ........ 3,173 321 2,559 749 498 579 365 292

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary

workers ................................................................... 12 3 5 1 2 1 1 3

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers .... 3,140 316 2,539 748 496 578 363 285

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ....... 3,035 294 2,460 733 484 544 347 281

 Mining ................................................................... 13 2 10 8 3 – – 1

 Construction ......................................................... 198 14 152 34 14 60 35 32

 Manufacturing ....................................................... 984 87 830 267 189 144 116 67

 Durable goods ................................................. 659 39 577 197 115 91 88 43

 Nondurable goods ........................................... 326 48 254 70 73 53 28 24

 Wholesale and retail trade .................................... 457 45 373 106 72 56 49 40

 Transportation and utilities ................................... 162 11 141 57 22 30 16 10

 Information ............................................................ 203 18 148 63 29 15 17 37

 Financial activities ................................................ 204 13 164 32 37 49 22 27

 Professional and business services ..................... 395 39 320 78 70 96 41 36

 Education and health services .............................. 201 34 158 38 27 49 19 9

 Leisure and hospitality .......................................... 108 21 77 27 16 14 11 11

 Other services ...................................................... 104 10 82 22 6 30 20 12

 Government workers .................................................. 105 22 79 16 12 34 16 4

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts.

2 Includes about 368,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job. 3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.

 NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Total displaced workers 1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2004

Characteristic Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Workers who lost jobs

 Total, 20 years and over ....................................................... 11,421 100.0 66.4 20.3 13.3

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 1,078 100.0 63.8 22.8 13.3

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 8,688 100.0 69.4 19.9 10.7

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 1,384 100.0 57.4 22.5 20.1

65 years and over ..................................................................... 271 100.0 24.6 14.3 61.1

 Men ....................................................................................... 6,492 100.0 69.6 21.0 9.4

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 644 100.0 65.4 24.9 9.7

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 5,038 100.0 72.2 20.8 7.0

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 709 100.0 60.6 19.8 19.6

65 years and over ..................................................................... 101 100.0 31.1 13.5 55.4

 Women ................................................................................. 4,928 100.0 62.1 19.5 18.4

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 434 100.0 61.5 19.8 18.7

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 3,650 100.0 65.6 18.6 15.8

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 674 100.0 53.9 25.4 20.7

65 years and over ..................................................................... 169 100.0 20.7 14.9 64.4

White ........................................................................................ 9,116 100.0 68.2 18.7 13.1

Black or African American ........................................................ 1,469 100.0 60.0 28.8 11.2

Asian ......................................................................................... 496 100.0 57.3 24.0 18.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ....................................................... 1,498 100.0 68.1 20.0 11.9

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved ................................. 4,320 100.0 67.7 18.4 13.9

Insufficient work ........................................................................ 4,161 100.0 64.8 22.7 12.5

Position or shift abolished ......................................................... 2,940 100.0 66.7 19.8 13.5

Occupation of lost job 2

 Management, professional, and related occupations .............. 3,265 100.0 70.5 18.6 10.9

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations ........................................................................ 1,573 100.0 69.5 19.3 11.2

 Professional and related occupations .................................... 1,693 100.0 71.5 17.9 10.6

 Service occupations ................................................................ 1,155 100.0 60.6 21.4 18.0

 Sales and office occupations ................................................... 2,934 100.0 64.8 20.6 14.7

 Sales and related occupations .............................................. 1,270 100.0 67.4 20.0 12.6

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 1,665 100.0 62.7 21.0 16.3

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations ........................................................................ 1,445 100.0 73.2 16.8 10.0

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................ 72 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction and extraction occupations ............................... 913 100.0 75.0 14.8 10.2

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 461 100.0 72.5 19.8 7.8

 Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations ........................................................................ 2,377 100.0 62.1 23.6 14.3

 Production occupations ......................................................... 1,631 100.0 62.5 21.9 15.6

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................. 746 100.0 61.3 27.3 11.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Total displaced workers 1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2004

 — Continued

Characteristic Total

(thousands)

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Industry and class of worker of lost job 2

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers .... 70 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers ................ 11,035 100.0 66.5 20.2 13.2

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ................... 10,582 100.0 66.6 20.4 13.0

 Mining ............................................................................... 53 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction ..................................................................... 991 100.0 71.0 18.4 10.6

 Manufacturing ................................................................... 2,892 100.0 63.1 21.9 15.0

 Durable goods ............................................................. 2,042 100.0 61.9 23.8 14.3

 Nondurable goods ....................................................... 850 100.0 66.0 17.3 16.7

 Wholesale and retail trade ................................................ 1,688 100.0 68.3 19.5 12.2

 Transportation and utilities ............................................... 481 100.0 70.0 19.8 10.2

 Information ........................................................................ 622 100.0 72.0 16.6 11.5

 Financial activities ............................................................ 608 100.0 64.5 23.8 11.8

 Professional and business services ................................. 1,500 100.0 68.3 20.8 10.9

 Education and health services .......................................... 741 100.0 61.1 21.0 17.8

 Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 724 100.0 64.3 20.1 15.6

 Other services .................................................................. 266 100.0 71.6 17.1 11.3

 Government workers .............................................................. 452 100.0 65.2 17.3 17.5

1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job)

who had lost or left a job between January 2001 and December 2003

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the

abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and

persons who did not report occupation, industry, or class of worker.

3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified

as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified

by ethnicity as well as by race.