Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-0787

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 6, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 428,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was 

unchanged at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job growth was 

widespread, led by gains in leisure and hospitality, in manufacturing, and in transportation and 

warehousing.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate remained at 3.6 percent in April, and the number of unemployed persons was 

essentially unchanged at 5.9 million. These measures are little different from their values in February 

2020 (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively), prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (See 

table A-1.) 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2019 – April 2022

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Apr-19 Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21 Oct-21 Apr-22

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2019 – April 2022

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Apr-19 Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21 Oct-21 Apr-22
-2-

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent), adult women 

(3.2 percent), teenagers (10.2 percent), Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (5.9 percent), Asians (3.1 percent), 

and Hispanics (4.1 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers remained at 1.4 million in April, and the 

number of persons on temporary layoff was little changed at 853,000. These measures are little 

different from their values in February 2020. (See table A-11.) 

In April, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed 

at 1.5 million. This measure is 362,000 higher than in February 2020. The long-term unemployed 

accounted for 25.2 percent of all unemployed persons in April. (See table A-12.) 

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.2 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.0 

percent, were little changed over the month. These measures are each 1.2 percentage points below their 

February 2020 values. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 4.0 million in 

April and is down by 357,000 from its February 2020 level. These individuals, who would have 

preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they 

were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.9

million in April. This measure is above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were 

not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force increased by 262,000 in April to 1.6 million. These individuals wanted and were 

available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached 

who believed that no jobs were available for them, numbered 456,000 in April, little different from the 

prior month. (See Summary table A.) 

Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In April, 7.7 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down 

from 10.0 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked 

at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic. 

In April, 1.7 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 2.5

million in the previous month. Among those who reported in April that they were unable to work 

because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 19.0 percent received at least some pay from 

their employer for the hours not worked, little different from the prior month. 
-3-

Among those not in the labor force in April, 586,000 persons were prevented from looking for work 

due to the pandemic, down from 874,000 in the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed, by 

definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 428,000 in April. Job gains were widespread, with the 

largest gains occurring in leisure and hospitality, in manufacturing, and in transportation and 

warehousing. However, nonfarm employment is down by 1.2 million, or 0.8 percent, from its prepandemic level in February 2020. (See table B-1.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 78,000 in April. Job growth continued in food 

services and drinking places (+44,000) and accommodation (+22,000). Employment in leisure and 

hospitality is down by 1.4 million, or 8.5 percent, since February 2020.

Manufacturing added 55,000 jobs in April. Employment in durable goods rose by 31,000, with gains in 

transportation equipment (+14,000) and machinery (+7,000). Nondurable goods added 24,000 jobs, with 

job growth in food manufacturing (+8,000) and plastics and rubber products (+6,000). Since February 

2020, manufacturing employment is down by 56,000, or 0.4 percent.

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 52,000 in April. Within the industry, job 

gains occurred in warehousing and storage (+17,000), couriers and messengers (+15,000), truck 

transportation (+13,000), and air transportation (+4,000). Employment in transportation and 

warehousing is 674,000 above its February 2020 level, led by strong growth in warehousing and storage 

(+467,000) and in couriers and messengers (+259,000).

In April, employment in professional and business services continued to trend up (+41,000). Since 

February 2020, employment in the industry is up by 738,000.

Financial activities added 35,000 jobs in April, led by a gain in insurance carriers and related activities 

(+20,000). Employment also rose in nondepository credit intermediation (+6,000) and in securities, 

commodity contracts, and investments (+5,000). Employment in financial activities is 71,000 higher 

than in February 2020.

Health care employment rose by 34,000 in April, reflecting a gain in ambulatory health care services 

(+28,000). Employment in health care is down by 250,000, or 1.5 percent, since February 2020.

Employment in retail trade increased by 29,000 in April. Job gains in food and beverage stores 

(+24,000) and general merchandise stores (+12,000) were partially offset by losses in building material 

and garden supply stores (-16,000) and health and personal care stores (-9,000). Retail trade 

employment is 284,000 above its level in February 2020.
-4-

In April, wholesale trade employment rose by 22,000. Employment in the industry is down by 57,000, 

or 1.0 percent, since February 2020.

Mining added 9,000 jobs in April, with a gain in oil and gas extraction (+5,000). Mining employment is 

73,000 higher than a recent low in February 2021.

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including construction, 

information, other services, and government.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents, or 0.3 

percent, to $31.85 in April. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.5

percent. In April, average hourly earnings of private sector production and nonsupervisory employees

rose by 10 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $27.12. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.6 hours in 

April. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees fell by 0.2 hour to 40.5 hours, and 

overtime held at 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised down by 36,000, from 

+750,000 to +714,000, and the change for March was revised down by 3,000, from +431,000 to 

+428,000. With these revisions, employment in February and March combined is 39,000 lower than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 3, 2022, at 8:30 

a.m. (ET).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Change from:

Mar. 2022-

Apr. 2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 261,103 263,324 263,444 263,559 115

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,978 163,991 164,409 164,046 -363

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.7 62.3 62.4 62.2 -0.2

Employed................................................................... 151,259 157,722 158,458 158,105 -353

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 57.9 59.9 60.1 60.0 -0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 9,719 6,270 5,952 5,941 -11

Unemployment rate.................................................... 6.0 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,125 99,333 99,035 99,513 478

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 6.0 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 6.0 3.5 3.4 3.5 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.6 3.6 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 11.6 10.3 10.0 10.2 0.2

White.......................................................................... 5.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 9.7 6.6 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Asian.......................................................................... 5.7 3.1 2.8 3.1 0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 7.7 4.4 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 5.3 3.3 2.9 3.0 0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 9.4 4.3 5.2 5.4 0.2

High school graduates, no college........................................ 6.9 4.5 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 5.9 3.8 3.0 3.1 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 6,270 3,044 2,831 2,839 8

Job leavers...................................................................... 818 963 787 793 6

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,132 1,947 1,985 1,882 -103

New entrants.................................................................... 595 417 463 515 52

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,400 2,131 2,289 2,227 -62

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,981 1,800 1,684 1,617 -67

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,160 735 571 551 -20

27 weeks and over............................................................. 4,187 1,702 1,428 1,483 55

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,245 4,135 4,170 4,033 -137

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,011 2,707 2,880 2,647 -233

Could only find part-time work............................................. 990 1,060 1,055 1,071 16

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,220 20,667 20,870 20,826 -44

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,853 1,471 1,360 1,622 262

Discouraged workers........................................................ 562 391 373 456 83

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 714 428 428

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 704 424 406

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40 114 67 66

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10 4 9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15 54 20 2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -28 50 43 55

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -33 20 25 31

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -49.1 -14.0 3.6 6.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 30 18 24

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 590 357 340

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 26.5 24.7 22.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 111.3 24.5 29.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 73.8 9.5 52.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 0 21 12

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 29 12 35

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -78 87 94 41

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -115.1 28.2 1.3 2.4

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 101 57 59

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 91.1 45.2 40.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 124 100 78

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 38 14 11

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 10 4 22

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 602 549 523

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 586 540 511

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.7 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.3 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 34.7 34.6 34.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.20 $31.60 $31.75 $31.85

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,053.98 $1,096.52 $1,098.55 $1,102.01

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 111.8 111.8 112.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.3 168.8 169.7 170.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 79.9 71.3 71.3

Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 85.1 64.9 74.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,103 263,444 263,559 261,103 262,136 263,202 263,324 263,444 263,559

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,379 164,274 163,449 160,978 162,294 163,687 163,991 164,409 164,046

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 62.4 62.0 61.7 61.9 62.2 62.3 62.4 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,160 158,106 157,991 151,259 155,975 157,174 157,722 158,458 158,105

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 60.0 59.9 57.9 59.5 59.7 59.9 60.1 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,220 6,168 5,458 9,719 6,319 6,513 6,270 5,952 5,941

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.8 3.3 6.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,723 99,170 100,110 100,125 99,842 99,516 99,333 99,035 99,513

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,466 5,502 5,712 6,628 5,713 5,704 5,355 5,737 5,859

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,316 128,355 128,411 126,316 126,832 128,236 128,296 128,355 128,411

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,112 87,408 87,041 85,416 85,857 87,074 87,567 87,660 87,377

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 68.1 67.8 67.6 67.7 67.9 68.3 68.3 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,965 83,902 83,922 80,092 82,508 83,518 84,247 84,465 84,089

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 65.4 65.4 63.4 65.1 65.1 65.7 65.8 65.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,146 3,506 3,119 5,324 3,349 3,556 3,320 3,195 3,288

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 4.0 3.6 6.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,204 40,947 41,371 40,900 40,975 41,162 40,729 40,695 41,034

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,003 119,726 119,780 118,003 118,520 119,612 119,669 119,726 119,780

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,275 84,403 84,157 82,384 82,902 83,967 84,446 84,426 84,295

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 70.5 70.3 69.8 69.9 70.2 70.6 70.5 70.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,447 81,201 81,324 77,423 79,892 80,767 81,473 81,554 81,334

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 67.8 67.9 65.6 67.4 67.5 68.1 68.1 67.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,828 3,202 2,834 4,961 3,010 3,199 2,973 2,872 2,961

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.8 3.4 6.0 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,728 35,323 35,623 35,619 35,618 35,645 35,224 35,300 35,486

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,787 135,089 135,148 134,787 135,304 134,966 135,028 135,089 135,148

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,268 76,866 76,409 75,562 76,437 76,612 76,425 76,749 76,670

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 56.9 56.5 56.1 56.5 56.8 56.6 56.8 56.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,195 74,203 74,069 71,167 73,467 73,656 73,475 73,992 74,017

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.8 54.9 54.8 52.8 54.3 54.6 54.4 54.8 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,073 2,663 2,339 4,395 2,970 2,957 2,950 2,757 2,653

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 3.5 3.1 5.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,519 58,223 58,739 59,225 58,867 58,354 58,604 58,340 58,479

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,648 126,691 126,749 126,648 127,167 126,570 126,631 126,691 126,749

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,378 73,946 73,418 72,486 73,455 73,494 73,446 73,695 73,514

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 58.4 57.9 57.2 57.8 58.1 58.0 58.2 58.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,605 71,555 71,348 68,436 70,795 70,857 70,775 71,244 71,170

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 56.5 56.3 54.0 55.7 56.0 55.9 56.2 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,773 2,391 2,069 4,050 2,660 2,637 2,671 2,451 2,344

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 3.2 2.8 5.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,271 52,745 53,331 54,162 53,712 53,076 53,185 52,996 53,234

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,451 17,027 17,030 16,451 16,449 17,020 17,024 17,027 17,030

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,727 5,926 5,874 6,107 5,936 6,226 6,100 6,288 6,237

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 34.8 34.5 37.1 36.1 36.6 35.8 36.9 36.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,108 5,350 5,319 5,399 5,287 5,550 5,474 5,660 5,601

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 31.4 31.2 32.8 32.1 32.6 32.2 33.2 32.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 576 555 708 649 676 626 629 636

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 9.7 9.5 11.6 10.9 10.9 10.3 10.0 10.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,725 11,102 11,156 10,344 10,512 10,795 10,924 10,739 10,793

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,687 202,932 202,982 201,687 202,250 202,819 202,875 202,932 202,982

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,638 126,302 125,320 124,035 124,780 125,782 126,139 126,364 125,664

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 62.2 61.7 61.5 61.7 62.0 62.2 62.3 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,458 122,122 121,625 117,475 120,749 121,497 121,967 122,357 121,606

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 60.2 59.9 58.2 59.7 59.9 60.1 60.3 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,180 4,180 3,694 6,560 4,032 4,285 4,172 4,007 4,058

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.3 2.9 5.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,049 76,630 77,663 77,652 77,469 77,038 76,736 76,568 77,319

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,600 66,085 65,546 64,614 65,000 65,736 65,972 66,059 65,540

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 70.6 70.0 69.8 70.0 70.2 70.5 70.6 70.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,269 63,808 63,615 61,185 63,047 63,612 63,995 64,043 63,521

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 68.1 67.9 66.1 67.9 68.0 68.4 68.4 67.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,331 2,278 1,931 3,428 1,953 2,124 1,977 2,015 2,020

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 3.4 2.9 5.3 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,576 55,556 55,143 54,651 55,177 55,169 55,312 55,376 55,215

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 57.4 56.9 56.3 56.7 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,147 54,041 53,794 52,012 53,493 53,449 53,571 53,803 53,656

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 55.8 55.5 53.6 54.9 55.2 55.3 55.6 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,429 1,515 1,348 2,639 1,684 1,720 1,740 1,572 1,559

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 2.7 2.4 4.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,462 4,660 4,630 4,771 4,603 4,877 4,855 4,930 4,909

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 37.4 37.1 39.5 38.2 39.1 38.9 39.5 39.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,043 4,273 4,216 4,278 4,209 4,435 4,400 4,510 4,429

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 34.3 33.8 35.4 34.9 35.6 35.3 36.2 35.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 388 415 493 395 442 455 420 480

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.3 9.0 10.3 8.6 9.1 9.4 8.5 9.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,551 34,030 34,055 33,551 33,749 33,978 34,004 34,030 34,055

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,488 21,026 21,176 20,543 20,506 21,056 21,145 21,134 21,209

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 61.8 62.2 61.2 60.8 62.0 62.2 62.1 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,555 19,695 19,992 18,543 19,057 19,597 19,751 19,825 19,963

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 57.9 58.7 55.3 56.5 57.7 58.1 58.3 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,932 1,331 1,184 2,000 1,449 1,459 1,394 1,309 1,246

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 6.3 5.6 9.7 7.1 6.9 6.6 6.2 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,064 13,003 12,880 13,009 13,243 12,922 12,859 12,895 12,846

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,450 9,754 9,955 9,469 9,378 9,741 9,966 9,817 9,969

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 67.4 68.8 66.8 65.7 67.5 69.0 67.9 68.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,478 9,163 9,343 8,503 8,723 9,051 9,327 9,264 9,360

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 63.4 64.5 60.0 61.1 62.7 64.5 64.1 64.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973 590 612 966 655 690 640 553 608

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 6.1 6.1 10.2 7.0 7.1 6.4 5.6 6.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,315 10,572 10,573 10,309 10,445 10,568 10,537 10,569 10,555

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 61.8 61.8 60.7 61.1 61.9 61.7 61.8 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,487 9,986 10,090 9,423 9,794 9,954 9,897 9,984 10,022

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 58.4 59.0 55.5 57.3 58.3 57.9 58.4 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 586 482 886 651 614 640 585 533

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 5.5 4.6 8.6 6.2 5.8 6.1 5.5 5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 701 648 764 683 747 642 749 686

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 28.3 26.2 32.0 28.6 30.2 26.0 30.3 27.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 546 558 616 540 592 528 577 581

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.7 22.1 22.6 25.8 22.6 24.0 21.4 23.3 23.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 155 89 148 143 155 114 172 104

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 22.1 13.8 19.3 21.0 20.7 17.8 22.9 15.2

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,532 16,803 16,826 16,532 16,612 16,903 16,782 16,803 16,826

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,294 10,784 10,763 10,381 10,739 10,880 10,555 10,761 10,837

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 64.2 64.0 62.8 64.6 64.4 62.9 64.0 64.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,722 10,493 10,453 9,791 10,326 10,492 10,231 10,460 10,504

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 62.4 62.1 59.2 62.2 62.1 61.0 62.3 62.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 291 310 590 413 388 324 300 333

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 2.7 2.9 5.7 3.8 3.6 3.1 2.8 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,238 6,019 6,064 6,150 5,873 6,022 6,227 6,042 5,989

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 44,719 45,888 45,963 44,719 45,303 45,740 45,816 45,888 45,963

Civilian labor force................................ 29,110 30,498 30,311 29,137 29,883 30,390 30,492 30,475 30,376

Participation rate............................... 65.1 66.5 65.9 65.2 66.0 66.4 66.6 66.4 66.1

Employed....................................... 26,922 29,155 29,155 26,902 28,427 28,893 29,136 29,209 29,121

Employment-population ratio............... 60.2 63.5 63.4 60.2 62.7 63.2 63.6 63.7 63.4

Unemployed.................................... 2,189 1,343 1,156 2,235 1,456 1,497 1,356 1,265 1,255

Unemployment rate......................... 7.5 4.4 3.8 7.7 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.2 4.1

Not in labor force................................. 15,609 15,390 15,652 15,582 15,420 15,350 15,324 15,414 15,587

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,094 16,672 16,634 16,020 16,266 16,586 16,700 16,619 16,604

Participation rate............................... 79.6 80.2 79.9 79.3 79.4 80.0 80.4 79.9 79.7

Employed....................................... 14,928 15,938 16,036 14,886 15,580 15,867 16,086 15,979 15,989

Employment-population ratio............... 73.9 76.6 77.0 73.7 76.1 76.6 77.5 76.8 76.8

Unemployed.................................... 1,166 734 598 1,134 687 719 614 640 615

Unemployment rate......................... 7.2 4.4 3.6 7.1 4.2 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,768 12,465 12,294 11,800 12,288 12,383 12,403 12,477 12,331

Participation rate............................... 57.5 59.8 58.8 57.6 59.2 59.6 59.6 59.8 59.0

Employed....................................... 10,923 11,928 11,859 10,921 11,682 11,775 11,802 11,950 11,857

Employment-population ratio............... 53.3 57.2 56.8 53.3 56.3 56.6 56.7 57.3 56.8

Unemployed.................................... 845 537 434 879 606 608 601 527 474

Unemployment rate......................... 7.2 4.3 3.5 7.5 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.2 3.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,249 1,361 1,384 1,317 1,328 1,421 1,389 1,379 1,441

Participation rate............................... 31.0 32.1 32.6 32.6 32.6 33.6 32.8 32.5 34.0

Employed....................................... 1,071 1,289 1,260 1,096 1,165 1,251 1,248 1,280 1,275

Employment-population ratio............... 26.5 30.4 29.7 27.2 28.6 29.6 29.5 30.2 30.1

Unemployed.................................... 178 72 124 221 163 170 141 98 165

Unemployment rate......................... 14.3 5.3 8.9 16.8 12.2 12.0 10.2 7.1 11.5

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,039 9,030 9,300 8,993 8,712 8,687 8,962 9,097 9,207

Participation rate.................................. 44.3 45.3 44.9 44.1 44.8 44.5 46.8 45.6 44.4

Employed.......................................... 8,205 8,456 8,808 8,152 8,255 8,142 8,574 8,627 8,713

Employment-population ratio................. 40.2 42.4 42.5 39.9 42.5 41.7 44.8 43.2 42.0

Unemployed....................................... 835 574 492 841 457 545 388 470 494

Unemployment rate............................ 9.2 6.4 5.3 9.4 5.2 6.3 4.3 5.2 5.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 34,768 36,943 36,498 34,809 35,828 37,064 36,589 36,847 36,464

Participation rate.................................. 55.4 56.9 56.8 55.4 55.7 57.2 56.2 56.8 56.8

Employed.......................................... 32,451 35,365 35,168 32,393 34,188 35,361 34,953 35,368 35,064

Employment-population ratio................. 51.7 54.5 54.7 51.6 53.1 54.6 53.7 54.5 54.6

Unemployed....................................... 2,317 1,578 1,330 2,416 1,640 1,703 1,636 1,479 1,401

Unemployment rate............................ 6.7 4.3 3.6 6.9 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.0 3.8

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,627 35,600 35,628 35,610 35,477 35,320 35,391 35,555 35,540

Participation rate.................................. 63.2 63.5 63.5 63.2 62.7 63.1 63.6 63.4 63.4

Employed.......................................... 33,622 34,468 34,586 33,526 34,204 34,059 34,060 34,480 34,445

Employment-population ratio................. 59.7 61.5 61.7 59.5 60.4 60.9 61.2 61.5 61.4

Unemployed....................................... 2,005 1,132 1,042 2,084 1,274 1,261 1,331 1,075 1,095

Unemployment rate............................ 5.6 3.2 2.9 5.9 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.0 3.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 60,786 62,027 61,702 60,758 61,134 61,699 62,003 61,597 61,705

Participation rate.................................. 72.1 73.3 72.9 72.1 72.3 72.6 72.4 72.8 72.9

Employed.......................................... 58,757 60,855 60,579 58,614 59,860 60,294 60,656 60,386 60,459

Employment-population ratio................. 69.7 71.9 71.6 69.6 70.8 70.9 70.9 71.4 71.5

Unemployed....................................... 2,030 1,172 1,123 2,144 1,274 1,404 1,347 1,211 1,247

Unemployment rate............................ 3.3 1.9 1.8 3.5 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,879 18,429 16,870 16,404 2,009 2,025

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,186 8,905 8,024 7,750 1,162 1,155

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 48.3 47.6 47.2 57.8 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,706 8,645 7,594 7,521 1,111 1,124

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 46.9 45.0 45.9 55.3 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 260 430 228 51 31

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 2.9 5.4 2.9 4.4 2.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,693 9,524 8,846 8,654 847 870

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,634 4,851 3,824 3,938 810 914

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,733 3,891 3,194 3,235 538 656

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.5 80.2 83.5 82.2 66.4 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,544 3,758 3,036 3,122 508 637

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 77.5 79.4 79.3 62.7 69.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 133 158 113 31 19

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 3.4 5.0 3.5 5.7 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 960 630 703 272 258

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,313 3,256 2,793 2,806 520 449

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,450 2,343 2,087 2,062 363 282

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 72.0 74.7 73.5 69.9 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,323 2,301 1,970 2,030 353 270

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 70.7 70.5 72.3 68.0 60.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 43 117 31 10 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 1.8 5.6 1.5 2.6 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 912 706 745 157 168

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,771 6,298 6,509 6,047 262 251

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,148 937 1,118 897 31 40

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 14.9 17.2 14.8 11.7 16.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,102 905 1,071 864 31 40

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 14.4 16.5 14.3 11.7 16.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 32 47 32 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.4 4.2 3.6 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,623 5,361 5,391 5,150 231 211

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,161 4,024 3,744 3,613 417 411

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,855 1,733 1,625 1,556 230 177

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 43.1 43.4 43.1 55.1 43.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,736 1,681 1,517 1,505 219 176

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 41.8 40.5 41.6 52.6 42.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 52 108 51 11 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 3.0 6.6 3.3 4.6 0.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,306 2,291 2,119 2,057 187 234

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233,521 236,151 105,022 107,517 128,499 128,634

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,093 152,232 76,069 78,168 73,024 74,065

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 64.5 72.4 72.7 56.8 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,575 147,231 71,452 75,382 69,124 71,849

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 62.3 68.0 70.1 53.8 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,518 5,001 4,617 2,785 3,901 2,216

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.3 6.1 3.6 5.3 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,428 83,919 28,953 29,349 55,475 54,570

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,360 32,698 230,743 230,862

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,176 7,545 154,203 155,904

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.3 23.1 66.8 67.5

Employed............................................................................. 5,585 6,922 145,575 151,069

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.4 21.2 63.1 65.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 592 623 8,628 4,835

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.6 8.3 5.6 3.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,183 25,153 76,540 74,957

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,609 3,190 76,676 77,839

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.7 39.1 81.8 82.3

Employed............................................................................. 2,302 2,838 72,099 75,248

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.7 34.8 77.0 79.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 306 351 4,578 2,591

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.7 11.0 6.0 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,901 4,968 17,010 16,765

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,543 3,028 68,049 68,750

Participation rate..................................................................... 32.6 35.9 70.7 71.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,314 2,815 64,436 66,750

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.7 33.3 66.9 69.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 229 212 3,612 2,000

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.0 7.0 5.3 2.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,251 5,417 28,268 27,315

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,025 1,327 9,478 9,315

Participation rate..................................................................... 6.8 8.2 23.3 23.2

Employed............................................................................. 968 1,268 9,040 9,072

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.4 7.9 22.2 22.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 56 59 438 243

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.5 4.5 4.6 2.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,031 14,767 31,262 30,877

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,046 45,016 20,660 21,881 22,386 23,135

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,644 29,458 15,693 16,800 11,951 12,658

Participation rate.................................................. 64.2 65.4 76.0 76.8 53.4 54.7

Employed.......................................................... 25,886 28,488 14,751 16,261 11,135 12,227

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.1 63.3 71.4 74.3 49.7 52.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,758 970 942 539 816 431

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.4 3.3 6.0 3.2 6.8 3.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,402 15,558 4,966 5,081 10,436 10,477

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,057 218,544 105,656 106,531 112,401 112,013

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,735 133,992 69,418 70,241 63,317 63,751

Participation rate.................................................. 60.9 61.3 65.7 65.9 56.3 56.9

Employed.......................................................... 125,274 129,503 65,214 67,661 60,059 61,842

Employment-population ratio................................. 57.5 59.3 61.7 63.5 53.4 55.2

Unemployed....................................................... 7,462 4,488 4,204 2,580 3,258 1,909

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.6 3.3 6.1 3.7 5.1 3.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 85,321 84,552 36,238 36,290 49,084 48,262

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,196 2,256 2,265 2,275 2,308 2,326 2,383 2,378 2,349

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,466 1,490 1,435 1,529 1,477 1,501 1,525 1,571 1,505

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 674 737 798 680 785 771 801 758 800

Unpaid family workers........................... 56 29 32 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 148,964 155,849 155,726 148,978 153,409 154,598 155,094 155,871 155,729

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 139,929 146,612 146,650 139,915 144,474 145,993 146,263 146,955 146,638

Government..................................... 20,640 21,687 21,128 20,424 21,097 21,274 20,971 21,296 20,948

Private industries............................... 119,289 124,924 125,521 119,287 123,172 124,240 124,886 125,204 125,371

Private households.......................... 602 575 591 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 118,686 124,349 124,931 118,623 122,484 123,512 124,144 124,505 124,658

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,960 9,165 9,030 8,992 9,282 9,089 9,175 9,260 9,086

Unpaid family workers........................... 75 73 46 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,031 4,266 3,822 5,245 3,929 3,717 4,135 4,170 4,033

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,866 2,921 2,500 4,011 2,594 2,430 2,707 2,880 2,647

Could only find part-time work.................. 984 1,116 1,077 990 1,082 969 1,060 1,055 1,071

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,836 21,356 21,479 19,220 20,315 20,198 20,667 20,870 20,826

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,968 4,211 3,777 5,190 3,898 3,620 4,105 4,149 3,996

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,812 2,879 2,472 3,956 2,578 2,400 2,672 2,842 2,617

Could only find part-time work.................. 979 1,114 1,071 986 1,079 960 1,053 1,049 1,064

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,501 20,997 21,092 18,877 19,951 19,839 20,275 20,498 20,435

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,160 158,106 157,991 151,259 155,975 157,174 157,722 158,458 158,105

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,108 5,350 5,319 5,399 5,287 5,550 5,474 5,660 5,601

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,879 2,080 2,115 2,072 2,075 2,188 2,295 2,310 2,316

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,229 3,270 3,204 3,336 3,214 3,378 3,205 3,392 3,307

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,051 152,756 152,672 145,860 150,688 151,624 152,248 152,798 152,504

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,018 13,611 13,532 13,139 13,870 13,756 13,834 13,774 13,673

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,034 139,145 139,140 132,688 136,605 137,840 138,412 139,055 138,737

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,234 101,788 101,849 97,064 99,740 100,647 101,109 101,769 101,605

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,377 35,358 35,523 34,340 35,352 34,985 35,125 35,367 35,472

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,491 34,672 34,696 32,430 33,454 34,147 34,535 34,695 34,612

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,366 31,758 31,630 30,294 30,934 31,515 31,448 31,707 31,522

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,800 37,357 37,292 35,624 36,865 37,193 37,304 37,287 37,132

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,965 83,902 83,922 80,092 82,508 83,518 84,247 84,465 84,089

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,518 2,701 2,598 2,668 2,616 2,751 2,774 2,911 2,754

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919 995 1,018 995 970 1,022 1,131 1,137 1,097

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,599 1,707 1,580 1,679 1,655 1,744 1,659 1,804 1,662

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,447 81,201 81,324 77,423 79,892 80,767 81,473 81,554 81,334

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,712 6,847 6,887 6,775 7,070 7,032 7,059 6,975 6,958

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,735 74,354 74,436 70,679 72,702 73,752 74,457 74,613 74,340

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,680 54,113 54,296 51,688 52,992 53,693 54,227 54,331 54,259

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,328 18,719 18,830 18,354 18,793 18,555 18,788 18,782 18,851

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,532 18,608 18,636 17,501 17,899 18,420 18,696 18,696 18,605

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,820 16,786 16,830 15,833 16,300 16,718 16,743 16,852 16,803

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,055 20,240 20,141 18,991 19,710 20,059 20,230 20,282 20,081

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,195 74,203 74,069 71,167 73,467 73,656 73,475 73,992 74,017

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,590 2,649 2,721 2,731 2,671 2,799 2,699 2,748 2,847

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 1,085 1,097 1,077 1,105 1,166 1,164 1,173 1,219

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630 1,564 1,624 1,657 1,558 1,634 1,546 1,589 1,645

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,605 71,555 71,348 68,436 70,795 70,857 70,775 71,244 71,170

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,305 6,764 6,644 6,364 6,799 6,725 6,775 6,799 6,715

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,299 64,791 64,704 62,009 63,904 64,088 63,955 64,442 64,397

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,554 47,675 47,553 45,376 46,748 46,954 46,882 47,438 47,346

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,049 16,639 16,693 15,986 16,559 16,430 16,338 16,584 16,621

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,959 16,064 16,060 14,929 15,555 15,727 15,838 15,999 16,007

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,546 14,972 14,800 14,461 14,635 14,798 14,705 14,855 14,718

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,745 17,116 17,151 16,633 17,156 17,134 17,074 17,004 17,051

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,977 45,412 45,496 43,810 44,437 45,342 45,648 45,325 45,259

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,192 36,391 36,221 34,996 35,557 35,885 35,870 36,043 35,999

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,420 10,182 10,014 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,635 131,663 131,362 126,279 130,191 131,164 131,806 132,718 132,067

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,524 26,443 26,629 25,046 25,681 25,817 25,801 25,902 26,091

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,883 7,496 7,532 6,893 7,395 7,486 7,431 7,370 7,539

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,196 6,322 6,678 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,634 9,902 9,828 9,672 10,067 9,860 9,976 10,018 9,886

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 9,719 5,952 5,941 6.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 708 629 636 11.6 10.9 10.9 10.3 10.0 10.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 246 219 223 10.6 10.8 11.3 10.2 8.6 8.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 485 416 442 12.7 11.5 10.6 10.1 10.9 11.8

20 years and over................................ 9,011 5,323 5,305 5.8 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,527 1,113 1,016 10.4 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.5 6.9

25 years and over.............................. 7,453 4,139 4,234 5.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 5,565 3,149 3,190 5.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 2,350 1,450 1,461 6.4 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 1,681 984 1,033 4.9 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 1,534 715 697 4.8 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2

55 years and over........................... 1,864 978 1,045 5.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 5,324 3,195 3,288 6.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 364 323 327 12.0 11.5 11.5 11.1 10.0 10.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 113 109 120 10.2 10.7 13.5 9.0 8.7 9.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 268 215 228 13.7 12.6 10.2 12.4 10.7 12.1

20 years and over................................ 4,961 2,872 2,961 6.0 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 877 651 611 11.5 7.7 8.6 7.8 8.5 8.1

25 years and over.............................. 4,060 2,180 2,302 5.4 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.8 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 3,021 1,633 1,715 5.5 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.9 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,312 779 835 6.7 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.2

35 to 44 years............................. 852 535 538 4.6 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 857 320 341 5.1 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.0

55 years and over........................... 1,039 546 587 5.2 2.7 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.8

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,395 2,757 2,653 5.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 345 306 308 11.2 10.4 10.2 9.4 10.0 9.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 133 110 103 11.0 10.8 9.3 11.2 8.5 7.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 217 201 214 11.6 10.2 11.0 7.6 11.2 11.5

20 years and over................................ 4,050 2,451 2,344 5.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 651 461 405 9.3 6.5 5.9 7.2 6.4 5.7

25 years and over.............................. 3,393 1,959 1,932 5.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 2,545 1,516 1,475 5.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,039 671 626 6.1 4.1 4.2 4.4 3.9 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 829 450 494 5.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 677 395 355 4.5 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.4

55 years and over........................... 849 458 482 4.9 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,722 778 870 3.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,374 784 778 3.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1

Women who maintain families2.................... 746 514 420 7.3 5.6 5.0 5.3 4.8 4.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 8,202 4,784 4,729 6.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,500 1,138 1,187 5.6 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.4

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 6,092 2,999 2,650 6,270 3,095 3,220 3,044 2,831 2,839

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,944 891 731 2,074 812 959 888 787 853

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,148 2,108 1,919 4,196 2,283 2,261 2,156 2,044 1,987

Permanent job losers.......................... 3,438 1,425 1,373 3,432 1,703 1,630 1,583 1,392 1,386

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 710 683 546 764 580 632 573 652 601

Job leavers........................................... 775 774 752 818 724 952 963 787 793

Reentrants............................................ 1,896 2,026 1,654 2,132 2,038 1,959 1,947 1,985 1,882

New entrants......................................... 457 370 402 595 513 433 417 463 515

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 66.1 48.6 48.6 63.9 48.6 49.1 47.8 46.7 47.1

On temporary layoff.............................. 21.1 14.4 13.4 21.1 12.8 14.6 13.9 13.0 14.1

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 45.0 34.2 35.2 42.7 35.8 34.5 33.8 33.7 33.0

Job leavers........................................... 8.4 12.5 13.8 8.3 11.4 14.5 15.1 13.0 13.1

Reentrants............................................ 20.6 32.8 30.3 21.7 32.0 29.8 30.6 32.7 31.2

New entrants......................................... 5.0 6.0 7.4 6.1 8.1 6.6 6.6 7.6 8.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3.8 1.8 1.6 3.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,028 2,003 1,895 2,400 1,977 2,417 2,131 2,289 2,227

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,665 1,850 1,344 1,981 1,571 1,607 1,800 1,684 1,617

15 weeks and over.................................. 5,527 2,315 2,219 5,348 2,788 2,507 2,437 1,999 2,033

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,426 830 814 1,160 780 816 735 571 551

27 weeks and over............................... 4,101 1,486 1,405 4,187 2,008 1,691 1,702 1,428 1,483

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 30.4 24.9 26.6 28.5 28.6 24.6 26.6 24.2 25.0

Median duration, in weeks......................... 22.2 10.0 10.4 19.4 12.9 10.1 9.6 7.5 7.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 22.0 32.5 34.7 24.7 31.2 37.0 33.5 38.3 37.9

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 18.1 30.0 24.6 20.4 24.8 24.6 28.3 28.2 27.5

15 weeks and over.................................. 59.9 37.5 40.7 55.0 44.0 38.4 38.3 33.5 34.6

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.5 13.4 14.9 11.9 12.3 12.5 11.5 9.6 9.4

27 weeks and over............................... 44.5 24.1 25.7 43.0 31.7 25.9 26.7 23.9 25.2

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 151,160 157,991 9,220 5,458 5.7 3.3

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 64,264 67,319 2,014 1,088 3.0 1.6

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,626 29,018 896 462 3.1 1.6

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,638 38,301 1,118 626 3.0 1.6

Service occupations................................................ 24,203 25,440 2,098 1,181 8.0 4.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 29,993 30,664 1,777 1,094 5.6 3.4

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,056 14,306 943 616 6.3 4.1

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,936 16,358 834 478 5.0 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,969 14,230 1,207 601 8.0 4.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,090 894 128 43 10.5 4.6

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,933 8,395 858 433 9.8 4.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,946 4,941 222 125 4.3 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,731 20,339 1,646 1,067 8.1 5.0

Production occupations.......................................... 7,691 8,418 578 295 7.0 3.4

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,040 11,921 1,068 771 8.8 6.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 9,220 5,458 5.7 3.3

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 7,550 4,288 6.0 3.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 97 19 14.3 3.4

Construction.......................................................................... 768 464 7.7 4.6

Manufacturing........................................................................ 861 489 5.8 3.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 505 312 5.5 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................ 357 177 6.3 3.0

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,222 805 6.2 4.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 530 287 6.8 3.4

Information............................................................................ 154 69 5.9 2.7

Financial activities................................................................... 269 198 2.7 1.9

Professional and business services............................................... 1,036 551 5.9 3.0

Education and health services..................................................... 846 556 3.4 2.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,372 641 10.8 4.8

Other services........................................................................ 395 209 6.2 3.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 139 62 8.9 4.3

Government workers................................................................... 492 328 2.3 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 582 378 5.6 3.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 3.4 1.4 1.4 3.3 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 3.8 1.8 1.6 3.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.7 3.8 3.3 6.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.1 3.9 3.6 6.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.9

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.8 4.5 4.3 7.1 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.9 7.1 6.6 10.3 7.3 7.1 7.2 6.9 7.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

Apr.

2021

Apr.

2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 100,723 100,110 41,204 41,371 59,519 58,739

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,466 5,712 3,149 2,784 3,317 2,928

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,763 1,570 1,006 891 757 679

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 573 477 329 323 244 154

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,190 1,092 677 568 513 524

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,883 7,532 3,403 3,630 3,479 3,902

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.9 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,915 4,385 2,038 2,252 1,877 2,133

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,524 1,835 507 616 1,016 1,218

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 401 324 251 231 150 93

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,004 941 587 494 417 447

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Change

from:

Mar.2022 -

Apr.2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,358 149,143 149,912 150,983 144,694 150,458 150,886 151,314 428

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,117 126,784 127,483 128,482 122,784 128,295 128,719 129,125 406

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,049 20,455 20,627 20,846 20,187 20,837 20,904 20,970 66

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 590 600 608 554 600 604 613 9

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 45.0 45.5 41.7 47.1 44.8 45.9 45.3 -0.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.8 545.2 554.5 566.7 506.5 554.7 558.4 567.3 8.9

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.7 127.2 129.7 134.6 116.0 128.8 131.1 136.2 5.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.8 170.9 172.7 176.9 173.3 176.1 176.1 176.9 0.8

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 37.0 37.0 38.1 36.3 36.9 37.0 37.9 0.9

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 42.4 42.8 43.1 41.2 42.8 43.0 43.3 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 91.5 92.9 95.7 95.8 96.5 96.1 95.7 -0.4

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.3 247.1 252.1 255.2 217.2 249.8 251.2 254.2 3.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,322 7,285 7,395 7,559 7,393 7,606 7,626 7,628 2

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,616.7 1,646.5 1,662.7 1,686.0 1,641.2 1,697.1 1,700.6 1,708.0 7.4

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.7 868.3 873.4 885.3 852.5 892.2 893.1 896.6 3.5

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.0 778.2 789.3 800.7 788.7 804.9 807.5 811.4 3.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,040.3 975.0 1,005.5 1,067.7 1,042.3 1,063.6 1,068.7 1,069.2 0.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,665.1 4,663.2 4,726.9 4,805.2 4,709.1 4,845.4 4,856.9 4,850.8 -6.1

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,156.5 2,159.6 2,195.9 2,228.4 2,174.0 2,233.1 2,242.8 2,243.1 0.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,508.6 2,503.6 2,531.0 2,576.8 2,535.1 2,612.3 2,614.1 2,607.7 -6.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,178 12,580 12,632 12,679 12,240 12,631 12,674 12,729 55

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,571 7,821 7,855 7,883 7,593 7,846 7,871 7,902 31

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.5 424.7 427.1 429.9 405.6 424.1 426.3 429.9 3.6

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.3 401.0 402.7 409.9 403.5 414.4 410.1 410.3 0.2

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.9 360.4 359.9 359.0 347.9 360.1 359.4 360.0 0.6

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,369.9 1,418.7 1,426.7 1,430.2 1,371.2 1,424.9 1,428.3 1,431.8 3.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041.4 1,078.9 1,083.8 1,089.6 1,048.9 1,081.3 1,088.0 1,095.4 7.4

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,052.2 1,068.7 1,068.3 1,071.7 1,055.0 1,069.9 1,070.2 1,073.9 3.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 156.7 159.9 158.8 159.6 156.7 160.0 159.4 159.7 0.3

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 84.6 84.6 84.4 84.9 84.5 84.3 84.6 0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.7 373.7 375.0 376.4 366.4 374.1 375.3 377.8 2.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.5 419.9 419.1 419.8 416.6 420.3 419.7 419.8 0.1

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 30.6 30.8 31.5 30.5 31.1 31.5 32.0 0.5

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 389.5 403.3 407.3 407.2 391.3 404.2 408.4 409.0 0.6

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,593.9 1,650.9 1,660.8 1,669.5 1,595.6 1,649.0 1,657.8 1,671.5 13.7

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.0 965.0 972.5 981.0 913.8 970.9 974.5 980.6 6.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.1 385.3 386.4 383.7 369.9 385.9 387.8 386.7 -1.1

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.3 628.9 632.3 631.9 604.3 631.9 635.0 633.6 -1.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,607 4,759 4,777 4,796 4,647 4,785 4,803 4,827 24

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,608.5 1,665.7 1,666.6 1,668.9 1,633.5 1,676.0 1,681.8 1,689.7 7.9

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.8 99.4 99.6 100.1 96.6 100.1 100.0 100.7 0.7

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2 105.7 106.6 106.0 103.3 105.6 106.3 105.9 -0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.6 95.0 94.4 93.4 91.2 94.6 94.4 93.8 -0.6

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.9 357.6 358.5 358.9 347.6 357.0 357.1 358.4 1.3

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 361.5 370.1 371.8 373.9 364.7 373.8 373.4 376.5 3.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6 102.4 103.8 108.0 105.6 106.0 106.8 108.6 1.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868.6 885.4 889.3 889.6 869.3 884.4 888.3 889.3 1.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714.9 741.9 744.7 748.4 716.8 739.8 743.7 749.4 5.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.2 335.5 341.9 349.1 318.5 347.7 351.5 354.8 3.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,068 106,329 106,856 107,636 102,597 107,458 107,815 108,155 340

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,152 28,330 28,361 28,372 27,527 28,562 28,621 28,725 104

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,626.3 5,754.3 5,790.4 5,822.8 5,647.1 5,788.8 5,813.5 5,835.7 22.2

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,093.7 3,173.5 3,191.2 3,202.5 3,103.1 3,184.7 3,199.5 3,208.4 8.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,052.1 2,100.4 2,113.7 2,129.9 2,062.1 2,122.4 2,128.9 2,137.1 8.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Change

from:

Mar.2022 -

Apr.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480.5 480.4 485.5 490.4 481.9 481.7 485.1 490.2 5.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,106.9 15,648.4 15,670.0 15,673.8 15,338.8 15,827.8 15,852.3 15,881.5 29.2

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,936.4 1,943.1 1,960.4 1,967.3 1,938.9 1,960.4 1,967.7 1,968.6 0.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220.7 1,228.2 1,236.1 1,236.7 1,223.1 1,232.5 1,236.7 1,237.8 1.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.4 162.2 167.0 170.1 167.6 170.4 171.5 169.1 -2.4

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 546.3 552.7 557.3 560.5 548.2 557.5 559.5 561.7 2.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 437.3 446.7 444.9 438.7 442.0 448.6 446.1 444.1 -2.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 417.7 434.3 428.1 426.5 423.6 432.2 431.9 431.3 -0.6

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,429.2 1,361.7 1,402.6 1,398.7 1,401.0 1,396.1 1,391.1 1,375.0 -16.1

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,095.0 3,143.7 3,145.2 3,157.2 3,131.0 3,147.3 3,160.0 3,183.8 23.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025.8 1,075.2 1,067.3 1,057.4 1,029.6 1,076.6 1,071.4 1,062.0 -9.4

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917.6 950.5 953.6 961.1 930.5 964.6 967.4 972.7 5.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 964.9 1,051.2 1,046.9 1,048.6 1,020.8 1,088.4 1,092.4 1,097.8 5.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.7 532.2 521.7 524.4 520.7 539.3 538.4 539.8 1.4

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,983.2 3,242.9 3,227.1 3,212.2 3,085.6 3,282.8 3,286.0 3,298.4 12.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888.3 962.9 949.2 937.6 930.9 980.5 978.0 974.8 -3.2

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,094.9 2,280.0 2,277.9 2,274.6 2,154.7 2,302.3 2,308.0 2,323.6 15.6

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781.1 823.5 830.3 841.8 791.8 838.2 844.9 851.1 6.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.0 643.4 641.9 639.9 623.3 653.3 655.0 656.9 1.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,876.9 6,390.3 6,362.5 6,338.2 5,997.8 6,406.9 6,416.4 6,468.4 52.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453.2 525.4 537.0 540.7 453.7 528.8 538.3 542.4 4.1

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.0 145.2 145.9 145.9 146.8 145.4 145.6 145.6 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 56.2 55.9 57.6 57.2 57.9 57.7 57.9 0.2

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.9 1,539.0 1,533.3 1,547.4 1,504.7 1,556.7 1,551.1 1,564.1 13.0

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.2 407.9 408.9 410.3 370.4 395.7 395.3 395.9 0.6

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.8 49.6 49.8 49.7 50.1 49.8 49.9 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 19.0 21.9 21.3 22.6 20.6 27.0 25.4 24.4 -1.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 702.7 766.8 764.4 766.0 705.2 767.9 766.0 769.3 3.3

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981.7 1,108.4 1,074.4 1,034.6 1,074.9 1,117.2 1,118.2 1,133.1 14.9

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595.0 1,769.7 1,771.8 1,763.3 1,614.6 1,760.2 1,769.0 1,785.8 16.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.5 536.9 538.4 537.6 543.2 538.8 538.8 539.1 0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,782 2,901 2,929 2,945 2,788 2,918 2,939 2,951 12

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 781.9 805.5 814.7 817.6 786.6 809.3 815.9 820.6 4.7

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.4 406.2 415.9 415.3 338.4 420.1 426.3 420.6 -5.7

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.9 235.8 233.7 233.2 235.3 233.4 233.2 233.6 0.4

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671.5 654.0 657.5 661.8 670.2 653.8 655.5 659.2 3.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.8 406.3 406.4 412.0 384.3 405.5 405.3 410.6 5.3

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.3 392.7 400.7 404.6 373.1 395.5 402.4 406.2 3.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,706 8,845 8,855 8,900 8,747 8,894 8,906 8,941 35

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,498.3 6,556.6 6,555.7 6,578.8 6,515.4 6,562.6 6,565.9 6,593.2 27.3

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.8 20.7 20.7 20.7 21.0 20.8 20.8 20.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,711.0 2,717.2 2,715.2 2,717.3 2,715.4 2,717.2 2,717.9 2,720.6 2.7

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,747.5 1,733.8 1,734.9 1,730.3 1,749.6 1,733.7 1,734.5 1,732.3 -2.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367.2 1,343.7 1,343.9 1,339.0 1,371.0 1,343.6 1,343.4 1,342.3 -1.1

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 631.5 642.6 640.2 647.3 634.3 643.3 643.6 649.3 5.7

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 332.0 340.8 340.1 339.7 331.5 340.2 339.8 339.0 -0.8

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 973.5 1,004.6 1,007.7 1,012.8 979.7 1,009.0 1,013.8 1,018.7 4.9

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,793.0 2,814.1 2,812.1 2,828.0 2,799.3 2,815.6 2,813.4 2,833.1 19.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,207.3 2,288.1 2,299.1 2,321.6 2,231.4 2,331.0 2,340.5 2,348.2 7.7

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,716.1 1,763.7 1,769.1 1,784.2 1,730.5 1,790.6 1,795.8 1,801.9 6.1

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.0 504.4 509.9 516.3 480.4 520.0 524.3 525.0 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Change

from:

Mar.2022 -

Apr.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.2 20.0 20.1 21.1 20.5 20.4 20.4 21.3 0.9

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,930 21,810 21,920 22,118 20,943 21,996 22,090 22,131 41

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,790.1 10,275.3 10,309.6 10,374.2 9,748.5 10,239.0 10,297.4 10,333.2 35.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,140.4 1,168.4 1,168.0 1,172.1 1,146.2 1,173.9 1,173.2 1,177.9 4.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,110.9 1,148.9 1,166.9 1,158.0 1,032.3 1,063.8 1,076.6 1,082.0 5.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,513.7 1,583.0 1,586.7 1,600.1 1,525.7 1,603.0 1,608.5 1,612.5 4.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.0 145.3 146.5 148.7 137.0 146.7 148.6 149.5 0.9

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,270.1 2,385.2 2,385.8 2,408.6 2,270.8 2,384.0 2,404.3 2,408.5 4.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600.6 1,713.0 1,717.6 1,729.7 1,608.6 1,721.4 1,733.7 1,737.7 4.0

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.8 853.5 857.8 867.4 811.5 859.3 863.6 870.9 7.3

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 437.2 470.6 474.4 474.9 439.1 470.4 475.3 475.6 0.3

Other professional and technical services. . . 773.4 807.4 805.9 814.7 777.4 816.4 813.6 818.7 5.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,329.2 2,356.2 2,359.6 2,359.2 2,334.3 2,365.0 2,366.1 2,364.3 -1.8

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,810.2 9,178.1 9,251.2 9,384.6 8,860.3 9,392.3 9,426.8 9,433.1 6.3

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,362.0 8,720.3 8,787.5 8,919.4 8,407.7 8,926.5 8,957.8 8,963.2 5.4

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.2 569.9 572.8 581.1 535.1 573.7 577.2 581.9 4.7

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.2 152.1 153.5 153.9 156.0 153.1 153.9 155.2 1.3

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,387.8 3,819.4 3,830.4 3,799.1 3,425.3 3,843.2 3,852.8 3,842.3 -10.5

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,753.4 3,119.4 3,129.3 3,102.6 2,777.5 3,133.2 3,134.5 3,136.9 2.4

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800.8 808.5 791.0 792.2 811.3 802.9 795.3 801.0 5.7

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.9 144.7 147.6 152.9 133.9 149.7 150.2 153.1 2.9

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 919.7 911.0 911.7 915.8 917.0 914.3 912.4 913.1 0.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,142.8 2,012.3 2,070.7 2,205.8 2,138.5 2,180.4 2,202.0 2,198.6 -3.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289.6 302.4 309.8 318.6 290.8 309.3 314.0 318.0 4.0

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.2 457.8 463.7 465.2 452.6 465.8 469.0 469.9 0.9

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,720 24,142 24,245 24,334 23,582 24,073 24,130 24,189 59

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,677.1 3,860.2 3,901.6 3,922.6 3,528.3 3,740.7 3,752.8 3,770.8 18.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,042.8 20,281.7 20,343.2 20,411.1 20,054.1 20,332.2 20,377.4 20,418.3 40.9

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,981.2 16,143.4 16,173.9 16,216.5 16,011.8 16,183.2 16,206.5 16,240.8 34.3

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,818.7 8,058.0 8,077.4 8,114.2 7,830.6 8,077.9 8,095.4 8,123.3 27.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,723.8 2,793.7 2,797.5 2,812.0 2,727.0 2,800.0 2,802.6 2,812.4 9.8

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984.2 1,020.8 1,020.9 1,022.9 985.2 1,025.4 1,024.6 1,025.0 0.4

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 995.6 1,064.1 1,066.8 1,073.6 997.9 1,067.8 1,072.5 1,076.6 4.1

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991.8 1,010.5 1,015.9 1,015.9 991.9 1,011.0 1,014.3 1,016.4 2.1

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 306.6 315.3 313.5 317.5 305.7 313.6 313.2 315.7 2.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505.2 1,537.0 1,546.3 1,554.6 1,511.5 1,544.8 1,552.1 1,559.9 7.8

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.5 316.6 316.5 317.7 311.3 315.3 316.2 317.3 1.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,120.6 5,126.0 5,136.3 5,138.3 5,126.1 5,132.7 5,138.0 5,142.5 4.5

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,041.9 2,959.4 2,960.2 2,964.0 3,055.1 2,972.6 2,973.1 2,975.0 1.9

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,378.3 1,337.4 1,336.0 1,334.0 1,388.7 1,344.6 1,343.8 1,344.7 0.9

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 610.7 595.9 594.4 598.4 611.8 597.1 595.4 598.8 3.4

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899.5 870.0 873.9 877.6 900.2 874.5 877.4 876.3 -1.1

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 153.4 156.1 155.9 154.0 154.4 156.5 156.5 155.2 -1.3

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,061.6 4,138.3 4,169.3 4,194.6 4,042.3 4,149.0 4,170.9 4,177.5 6.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,711.1 2,734.3 2,752.5 2,767.4 2,701.3 2,743.7 2,758.2 2,762.7 4.5

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 192.0 199.3 200.9 201.5 192.3 199.0 199.8 201.3 1.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 271.7 272.8 274.6 275.1 271.8 276.4 277.6 275.4 -2.2

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886.8 931.9 941.3 950.6 876.9 930.0 935.3 938.0 2.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,421 14,717 14,939 15,318 13,631 15,367 15,467 15,545 78

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,808.3 2,011.7 2,074.1 2,183.5 1,881.8 2,233.7 2,251.1 2,262.4 11.3

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 340.5 419.4 435.3 482.3 340.4 462.5 469.2 482.5 13.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.7 139.1 144.5 151.5 134.3 152.3 154.0 154.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Change

from:

Mar.2022 -

Apr.2022p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,337.1 1,453.2 1,494.3 1,549.7 1,407.1 1,618.9 1,627.9 1,625.0 -2.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,612.8 12,705.5 12,865.3 13,134.0 11,748.7 13,133.5 13,216.2 13,282.3 66.1

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,333.9 1,561.4 1,599.1 1,646.8 1,399.5 1,669.8 1,693.2 1,715.5 22.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,278.9 11,144.1 11,266.2 11,487.2 10,349.2 11,463.7 11,523.0 11,566.8 43.8

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,357 5,584 5,607 5,649 5,379 5,648 5,662 5,673 11

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,330.0 1,397.4 1,406.2 1,415.8 1,327.1 1,408.6 1,412.2 1,414.8 2.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316.6 1,416.1 1,421.2 1,438.0 1,319.2 1,436.4 1,439.9 1,442.9 3.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,710.1 2,770.6 2,779.8 2,795.3 2,732.5 2,802.6 2,809.5 2,815.4 5.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,241 22,359 22,429 22,501 21,910 22,163 22,167 22,189 22

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,888 2,860 2,857 2,860 2,895 2,878 2,876 2,870 -6

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,274.4 2,251.5 2,250.1 2,253.2 2,281.7 2,267.1 2,266.3 2,261.2 -5.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.6 608.5 606.8 606.9 613.7 610.8 610.0 608.9 -1.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,343 5,331 5,350 5,380 5,173 5,212 5,200 5,207 7

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,651.5 2,714.7 2,731.7 2,743.1 2,482.0 2,583.6 2,573.9 2,572.4 -1.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,691.9 2,616.3 2,618.5 2,636.5 2,690.9 2,628.6 2,626.0 2,634.9 8.9

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,010 14,168 14,222 14,261 13,842 14,073 14,091 14,112 21

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,756.2 7,928.5 7,959.9 7,969.7 7,514.5 7,714.5 7,730.5 7,747.4 16.9

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,253.9 6,239.8 6,262.2 6,291.1 6,327.8 6,358.1 6,360.1 6,364.8 4.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.9 34.7 34.6 34.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.0 40.4 40.1 40.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.2 45.2 45.7 44.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 39.5 38.7 38.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.5

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.5 41.0 41.0 40.9

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.3 40.2 40.1 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.9 33.6 33.6 33.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.7 34.1 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.2 39.2 39.4 39.3

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 30.4 30.0 30.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.4 38.0 37.9 38.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.2 42.3 42.4

Information......................................................................... 37.2 36.9 36.9 36.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.6 37.7 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.7 36.8 36.7 36.7

Education and health services.................................................. 33.3 33.5 33.5 33.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.6 25.9 25.9 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Total private............................................... $30.20 $31.60 $31.75 $31.85 $1,053.98 $1,096.52 $1,098.55 $1,102.01

Goods-producing....................................... 30.66 31.91 32.04 32.24 1,226.40 1,289.16 1,284.80 1,289.60

Mining and logging.................................. 34.72 35.77 35.78 36.18 1,569.34 1,616.80 1,635.15 1,617.25

Construction.......................................... 32.56 33.97 34.15 34.34 1,269.84 1,341.82 1,321.61 1,332.39

Manufacturing........................................ 29.35 30.50 30.64 30.82 1,185.74 1,241.35 1,247.05 1,248.21

Durable goods.................................... 30.88 31.99 32.21 32.39 1,250.64 1,311.59 1,320.61 1,324.75

Nondurable goods................................ 26.83 28.01 28.00 28.19 1,081.25 1,126.00 1,122.80 1,124.78

Private service-providing.............................. 30.09 31.52 31.69 31.76 1,020.05 1,059.07 1,064.78 1,067.14

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 25.98 27.23 27.42 27.41 901.51 928.54 929.54 931.94

Wholesale trade.................................. 33.32 34.60 34.69 34.80 1,306.14 1,356.32 1,366.79 1,367.64

Retail trade........................................ 21.64 22.66 22.81 22.71 670.84 688.86 684.30 683.57

Transportation and warehousing............... 26.03 27.63 27.75 27.88 1,025.58 1,049.94 1,051.73 1,065.02

Utilities............................................. 44.45 46.09 46.83 46.53 1,880.24 1,945.00 1,980.91 1,972.87

Information........................................... 44.25 45.17 45.24 45.41 1,646.10 1,666.77 1,669.36 1,666.55

Financial activities................................... 39.84 40.73 41.07 41.23 1,497.98 1,531.45 1,548.34 1,550.25

Professional and business services.............. 36.08 38.01 38.30 38.51 1,324.14 1,398.77 1,405.61 1,413.32

Education and health services..................... 29.65 31.27 31.25 31.31 987.35 1,047.55 1,046.88 1,045.75

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 17.80 19.43 19.64 19.75 473.48 503.24 508.68 513.50

Other services....................................... 26.99 28.28 28.12 28.03 874.48 916.27 908.28 905.37

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2022 -

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2022 -

Apr.

2022p

Total private..................................... 107.6 111.8 111.8 112.2 0.4 155.3 168.8 169.7 170.8 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 92.0 95.9 95.5 95.6 0.1 127.5 138.3 138.3 139.3 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 78.7 85.2 86.7 86.1 -0.7 109.7 122.4 124.6 125.1 0.4

Construction................................ 99.4 103.6 101.7 102.0 0.3 140.6 152.9 151.0 152.2 0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 89.0 92.5 92.8 92.7 -0.1 121.4 131.2 132.2 132.9 0.5

Durable goods........................... 86.6 90.6 90.9 91.0 0.1 118.7 128.7 130.0 130.9 0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 93.5 96.0 96.1 96.1 0.0 127.3 136.5 136.6 137.5 0.7

Private service-providing.................... 112.0 116.2 116.6 117.0 0.3 163.8 178.1 179.6 180.6 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.2 106.3 105.9 106.6 0.7 146.0 156.1 156.6 157.5 0.6

Wholesale trade......................... 97.6 100.1 101.0 101.2 0.2 136.1 144.9 146.6 147.3 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 96.6 97.7 96.6 97.1 0.5 138.1 146.3 145.6 145.7 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 135.8 139.9 139.7 142.0 1.6 179.8 196.6 197.3 201.4 2.1

Utilities.................................... 99.4 98.4 98.6 98.9 0.3 146.0 149.8 152.6 152.0 -0.4

Information................................. 94.7 98.3 99.0 98.9 -0.1 149.2 158.2 159.5 159.9 0.3

Financial activities......................... 107.8 109.6 110.0 110.2 0.2 167.5 174.1 176.2 177.1 0.5

Professional and business services..... 120.5 126.9 127.1 127.3 0.2 176.1 195.3 197.1 198.6 0.8

Education and health services........... 128.2 131.7 132.0 131.9 -0.1 182.9 198.1 198.4 198.7 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 103.5 113.6 114.3 115.3 0.9 148.6 178.0 181.1 183.8 1.5

Other services............................. 100.5 105.5 105.4 105.7 0.3 148.6 163.5 162.5 162.3 -0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,024 74,840 75,109 75,387 49.8 49.7 49.8 49.8

Total private............................................ 59,394 61,985 62,242 62,493 48.4 48.3 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,588 4,766 4,799 4,837 22.7 22.9 23.0 23.1

Mining and logging............................... 75 79 79 86 13.5 13.2 13.1 14.0

Construction....................................... 999 1,059 1,061 1,064 13.5 13.9 13.9 13.9

Manufacturing..................................... 3,514 3,628 3,659 3,687 28.7 28.7 28.9 29.0

Durable goods.................................. 1,860 1,921 1,947 1,965 24.5 24.5 24.7 24.9

Nondurable goods............................. 1,654 1,707 1,712 1,722 35.6 35.7 35.6 35.7

Private service-providing........................... 54,806 57,219 57,443 57,656 53.4 53.2 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,813 11,315 11,336 11,377 39.3 39.6 39.6 39.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,701.5 1,747.7 1,758.1 1,768.0 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.3

Retail trade..................................... 7,435.1 7,724.8 7,728.5 7,743.7 48.5 48.8 48.8 48.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,540.9 1,707.2 1,714.2 1,729.0 25.7 26.6 26.7 26.7

Utilities........................................... 135.2 135.0 135.0 135.8 24.9 25.1 25.1 25.2

Information......................................... 1,109 1,149 1,170 1,172 39.8 39.4 39.8 39.7

Financial activities................................ 4,930 4,962 4,969 4,980 56.4 55.8 55.8 55.7

Professional and business services............ 9,692 10,192 10,239 10,294 46.3 46.3 46.4 46.5

Education and health services.................. 18,170 18,479 18,533 18,576 77.1 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,240 8,121 8,186 8,247 53.1 52.8 52.9 53.1

Other services..................................... 2,852 3,001 3,010 3,010 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.1

Government............................................. 12,630 12,855 12,867 12,894 57.6 58.0 58.0 58.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Total private............................................................................... 99,820 104,516 104,874 105,215

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,341 14,902 14,970 15,023

Mining and logging.................................................................. 408 449 456 460

Construction.......................................................................... 5,466 5,616 5,632 5,636

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,467 8,837 8,882 8,927

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,148 5,417 5,445 5,468

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,319 3,420 3,437 3,459

Private service-providing.............................................................. 85,479 89,614 89,904 90,192

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,194 24,117 24,149 24,229

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,486.9 4,611.1 4,632.7 4,647.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,047.7 13,467.3 13,485.4 13,517.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,225.9 5,609.5 5,601.0 5,632.7

Utilities.............................................................................. 433.5 429.0 429.9 431.6

Information............................................................................ 2,203 2,314 2,339 2,353

Financial activities................................................................... 6,611 6,695 6,704 6,724

Professional and business services............................................... 16,789 17,594 17,657 17,718

Education and health services..................................................... 20,592 20,958 21,002 21,037

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 11,777 13,371 13,468 13,544

Other services........................................................................ 4,313 4,565 4,585 4,587

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.2 34.1 34.1

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.0 41.4 40.9 40.8

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.7 46.8 47.5 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.7 40.6 39.4 39.5

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.6 41.6 41.5 41.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.6 41.8 41.8 41.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.5 41.3 41.1 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.0 33.0 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.6 34.2 34.1 34.1

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.3 39.4 39.2

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 30.8 30.5 30.6

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.2 37.7 37.6 37.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.0 42.0 42.4

Information......................................................................... 36.7 36.8 36.7 36.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.5 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.4 36.4 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.2 24.7 24.8 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 31.5 31.3 31.3 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.9

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Total private............................................... $25.49 $26.95 $27.02 $27.12 $876.86 $921.69 $921.38 $924.79

Goods-producing....................................... 26.16 27.42 27.50 27.56 1,072.56 1,135.19 1,124.75 1,124.45

Mining and logging.................................. 30.79 32.07 32.36 32.21 1,437.89 1,500.88 1,537.10 1,488.10

Construction.......................................... 30.12 31.60 31.67 31.73 1,195.76 1,282.96 1,247.80 1,253.34

Manufacturing........................................ 23.48 24.56 24.71 24.78 976.77 1,021.70 1,025.47 1,025.89

Durable goods.................................... 24.47 25.62 25.83 25.94 1,017.95 1,070.92 1,079.69 1,081.70

Nondurable goods................................ 21.92 22.86 22.91 22.91 909.68 944.12 941.60 937.02

Private service-providing.............................. 25.35 26.85 26.92 27.03 844.16 886.05 888.36 891.99

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.01 23.44 23.52 23.60 761.55 801.65 802.03 804.76

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.35 28.69 28.74 28.86 1,063.92 1,127.52 1,132.36 1,131.31

Retail trade........................................ 18.38 19.40 19.43 19.46 569.78 597.52 592.62 595.48

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.04 25.38 25.46 25.61 903.17 956.83 957.30 965.50

Utilities............................................. 39.65 40.84 41.32 41.63 1,693.06 1,715.28 1,735.44 1,765.11

Information........................................... 36.96 37.02 36.94 36.94 1,356.43 1,362.34 1,355.70 1,352.00

Financial activities................................... 29.90 31.36 31.51 31.66 1,118.26 1,176.00 1,181.63 1,187.25

Professional and business services.............. 30.14 31.97 32.13 32.31 1,091.07 1,163.71 1,169.53 1,172.85

Education and health services..................... 26.62 28.38 28.35 28.49 870.47 925.19 924.21 928.77

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.59 17.29 17.47 17.56 392.87 427.06 433.26 435.49

Other services....................................... 23.42 24.44 24.23 24.30 737.73 764.97 758.40 760.59

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2022 -

Apr.

2022p

Apr.

2021

Feb.

2022

Mar.

2022p

Apr.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2022 -

Apr.

2022p

Total private..................................... 114.4 119.1 119.2 119.6 0.3 194.9 214.5 215.2 216.7 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 89.9 94.3 93.6 93.7 0.1 143.9 158.3 157.6 158.1 0.3

Mining and logging........................ 101.3 111.7 115.1 112.9 -1.9 181.3 208.3 216.6 211.6 -2.3

Construction................................ 108.7 114.2 111.1 111.5 0.4 176.7 194.8 190.0 191.0 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 80.9 84.4 84.6 84.8 0.2 124.2 135.5 136.7 137.5 0.6

Durable goods........................... 80.5 85.1 85.5 85.7 0.2 122.9 136.1 137.9 138.7 0.6

Nondurable goods...................... 81.2 83.2 83.2 83.4 0.2 125.7 134.4 134.7 134.9 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 121.3 126.0 126.4 126.8 0.3 210.9 232.0 233.4 235.1 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 112.2 115.3 115.2 115.5 0.3 176.5 193.2 193.6 194.9 0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 103.6 107.5 108.3 108.1 -0.2 167.2 182.1 183.8 184.2 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 102.4 105.0 104.1 104.7 0.6 161.2 174.5 173.3 174.5 0.7

Transportation and warehousing...... 155.0 160.0 159.4 160.7 0.8 227.4 258.6 258.3 262.0 1.4

Utilities.................................... 94.7 92.1 92.3 93.6 1.4 156.7 157.1 159.3 162.6 2.1

Information................................. 92.3 97.2 98.0 98.3 0.3 168.8 178.1 179.2 179.8 0.3

Financial activities......................... 116.4 118.2 118.3 118.7 0.3 214.1 228.0 229.4 231.2 0.8

Professional and business services..... 135.9 143.2 143.7 143.8 0.1 243.6 272.2 274.6 276.3 0.6

Education and health services........... 143.6 145.7 146.0 146.2 0.1 252.3 272.9 273.2 275.0 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 108.7 121.0 122.3 123.0 0.6 192.5 237.5 242.7 245.4 1.1

Other services............................. 95.3 100.2 100.6 100.7 0.1 162.6 178.4 177.7 178.3 0.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.