For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 6, 2017 USDL-17-0768

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2017

The number of job openings increased to a series high of 6.0 million on the last business day of April,

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires decreased to 5.1 million and 

separations edged down to 5.0 million. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and discharges 

rate were little changed at 2.1 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of 

the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 

four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the job openings level increased to a series high of 6.0 million 

(+259,000). The job openings rate was 4.0 percent. The number of job openings edged up for total 

private (+220,000) and increased for government (+39,000). Job openings increased in a number of 

industries with the largest increase occurring in accommodation and food services (+118,000). Job 

openings decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-30,000). The number of job openings increased in

the Midwest and Northeast regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires fell to 5.1 million (-253,000) in April. The hires rate was 3.5 percent. The number 

of hires decreased for total private (-257,000) and was little changed for government. Hires decreased in 

health care and social assistance (-68,000) and real estate and rental and leasing (-23,000). The number 

of hires decreased in the West region. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations edged down to 5.0 million (-225,000) in April. The total separations 

rate was 3.4 percent. Total separations decreased for total private (-239,000) and was little changed for 

government. Total separations increased in state and local government education (+17,000) but 

decreased in retail trade (-100,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four 

regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits edged down to 3.0 million (-111,000) in April. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and decreased for government (-21,000). Quits

decreased in retail trade (-72,000); state and local government, excluding education (-20,000); and 

information (-12,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in April, little changed from March. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent in April. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for

total private and increased for government (+32,000). The layoffs and discharges level increased in state 

and local government, excluding education (+20,000) and in state and local government education

(+12,000). Layoffs and discharges decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-23,000). The number 

of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in April. Other separations edged down for total 

private (-46,000) and was little changed for government. Other separations increased in state and local 

government education (+5,000) but decreased in professional and business services (-32,000). In the 

regions, the number of other separations decreased in the Midwest. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 62.9 million and 

separations totaled 60.7 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.2 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for May 2017 are scheduled to be released 

on Tuesday, July 11, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,643 5,785 6,044 5,038 5,304 5,051 4,962 5,198 4,973

Total private....................................... 5,119 5,244 5,464 4,684 4,975 4,718 4,598 4,882 4,643

Mining and logging1............................ 11 25 22 21 30 31 30 25 24

Construction1................................... 184 161 203 335 372 378 339 374 372

Manufacturing.................................. 364 404 359 259 325 308 267 318 315

Durable goods1.............................. 194 230 200 150 177 157 159 173 163

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 169 174 159 108 147 151 108 146 152

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,040 948 950 999 1,051 972 992 1,063 928

Wholesale trade1............................ 235 183 196 142 129 118 140 132 115

Retail trade................................... 591 593 577 674 725 675 685 745 645

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 214 172 178 183 197 180 167 186 168

Information1

..................................... 92 83 111 82 77 59 81 79 66

Financial activities.............................. 336 327 373 191 214 174 173 201 163

Finance and insurance..................... 240 260 282 122 138 121 103 126 108

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 96 68 91 69 76 53 70 75 55

Professional and business services......... 986 1,152 1,134 1,095 1,060 1,034 1,031 1,033 1,035

Education and health services............... 1,070 1,103 1,112 594 679 608 556 635 595

Educational services1

....................... 107 87 99 101 96 94 83 90 87

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 963 1,016 1,013 493 582 514 473 545 508

Leisure and hospitality........................ 766 735 847 931 967 938 955 966 927

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 82 77 72 124 119 153 130 137 137

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 684 657 775 806 849 786 824 829 790

Other services1................................. 270 306 352 178 200 216 173 188 220

Government....................................... 524 541 580 354 329 333 364 315 331

Federal1

......................................... 82 91 85 34 34 35 44 37 37

State and local................................. 443 450 495 319 295 298 320 278 294

State and local education.................. 147 163 177 155 143 144 164 130 147

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 296 288 317 164 152 154 156 148 147

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4

Total private....................................... 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.6 3.4 3.0 3.0 4.3 4.5 4.4 3.6 3.4

Construction1

................................... 2.7 2.3 2.9 5.0 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.4

Manufacturing.................................. 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.5

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.4 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.3 3.2 3.2 2.3 3.1 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.4

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.9 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.2 1.9

Retail trade................................... 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.7 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.0

Information1

..................................... 3.2 3.0 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.9 2.4

Financial activities.............................. 3.9 3.7 4.2 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.4 1.9

Finance and insurance..................... 3.8 4.0 4.3 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 4.3 3.0 4.0 3.2 3.5 2.4 3.3 3.4 2.5

Professional and business services......... 4.7 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.0

Education and health services............... 4.5 4.6 4.6 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.6

Educational services1

....................... 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.8 5.0 5.0 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.7 4.4 5.1 6.0 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.1 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.6 3.3 3.1 5.6 5.3 6.8 5.9 6.1 6.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.9 4.6 5.4 6.1 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.1 5.8

Other services1

................................. 4.5 5.1 5.8 3.1 3.5 3.8 3.0 3.3 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Government....................................... 2.3 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.9 3.1 3.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3

State and local................................. 2.2 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.4

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.2 3.1 3.4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,643 5,539 5,625 5,682 5,785 6,044 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,119 5,065 5,133 5,179 5,244 5,464 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 11 17 25 20 25 22 1.6 2.5 3.5 2.9 3.4 3.0

Construction3............................... 184 140 142 181 161 203 2.7 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.9

Manufacturing.............................. 364 342 361 364 404 359 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.8

Durable goods3

.......................... 194 194 206 209 230 200 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.5

Nondurable goods3

...................... 169 148 155 155 174 159 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,040 1,014 959 928 948 950 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 235 182 201 175 183 196 3.9 3.0 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.2

Retail trade............................... 591 650 581 579 593 577 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 214 182 177 174 172 178 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1

Information3................................. 92 81 73 75 83 111 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.9

Financial activities......................... 336 357 388 360 327 373 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.1 3.7 4.2

Finance and insurance................. 240 272 248 285 260 282 3.8 4.2 3.8 4.4 4.0 4.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 96 85 140 75 68 91 4.3 3.8 6.0 3.3 3.0 4.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 986 989 1,056 976 1,152 1,134 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.5 5.3 5.2

Education and health services........... 1,070 1,158 1,158 1,241 1,103 1,112 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.1 4.6 4.6

Educational services3

................... 107 93 93 126 87 99 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.4 2.3 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 963 1,065 1,065 1,115 1,016 1,013 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.0 5.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 766 730 729 784 735 847 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.4 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 82 89 83 92 77 72 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 684 640 646 693 657 775 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.6 5.4

Other services3

............................. 270 236 241 250 306 352 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.2 5.1 5.8

Government................................... 524 474 492 503 541 580 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5

Federal3

..................................... 82 110 82 83 91 85 2.9 3.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.0

State and local............................. 443 364 410 420 450 495 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5

State and local education.............. 147 143 161 140 163 177 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 296 220 249 280 288 317 3.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 882 967 998 1,102 1,033 1,150 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.7 4.1

South........................................... 2,141 2,008 2,024 2,060 2,160 2,160 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,273 1,253 1,324 1,285 1,349 1,487 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4

West............................................ 1,347 1,312 1,279 1,236 1,243 1,246 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,038 5,303 5,424 5,249 5,304 5,051 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,684 4,984 5,067 4,905 4,975 4,718 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 21 22 30 39 30 31 3.0 3.2 4.4 5.7 4.3 4.5

Construction................................ 335 400 387 367 372 378 5.0 5.9 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.5

Manufacturing.............................. 259 293 304 296 325 308 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5

Durable goods........................... 150 171 165 154 177 157 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.0

Nondurable goods....................... 108 122 139 142 147 151 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 999 1,009 1,023 1,090 1,051 972 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.5

Wholesale trade......................... 142 130 140 139 129 118 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.0

Retail trade............................... 674 672 682 757 725 675 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.8 4.6 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 183 208 201 194 197 180 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.2

Information.................................. 82 79 80 76 77 59 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.2

Financial activities......................... 191 190 220 190 214 174 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 122 126 150 122 138 121 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 69 64 70 68 76 53 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.5 2.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,095 1,140 1,128 1,044 1,060 1,034 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.1 5.2 5.0

Education and health services........... 594 642 646 622 679 608 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.6

Educational services.................... 101 78 79 81 96 94 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 493 564 567 541 582 514 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 931 1,031 1,015 981 967 938 6.0 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 124 162 146 151 119 153 5.6 7.2 6.5 6.7 5.3 6.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 806 869 869 831 849 786 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.3 5.8

Other services.............................. 178 178 233 199 200 216 3.1 3.1 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.8

Government................................... 354 319 357 344 329 333 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 34 45 46 35 34 35 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local............................. 319 275 312 308 295 298 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education.............. 155 137 159 151 143 144 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 164 137 153 157 152 154 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 795 849 898 864 864 882 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3

South........................................... 1,970 2,074 2,091 2,105 2,057 1,989 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,063 1,176 1,162 1,123 1,131 1,087 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3

West............................................ 1,209 1,205 1,273 1,157 1,252 1,094 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total............................................... 4,962 5,084 5,247 5,008 5,198 4,973 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,598 4,754 4,908 4,662 4,882 4,643 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 30 22 32 32 25 24 4.4 3.3 4.8 4.7 3.6 3.4

Construction................................ 339 369 361 339 374 372 5.1 5.4 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 267 287 304 280 318 315 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.5

Durable goods........................... 159 163 163 155 173 163 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 108 124 141 125 146 152 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 992 958 1,012 1,056 1,063 928 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.4

Wholesale trade......................... 140 142 150 135 132 115 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.9

Retail trade............................... 685 631 670 749 745 645 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 167 185 192 171 186 168 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.0

Information.................................. 81 82 87 79 79 66 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.4

Financial activities......................... 173 162 198 182 201 163 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.9

Finance and insurance................. 103 107 133 127 126 108 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 70 55 65 55 75 55 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.4 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,031 1,132 1,068 999 1,033 1,035 5.2 5.5 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.0

Education and health services........... 556 596 639 548 635 595 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.6

Educational services.................... 83 73 82 59 90 87 2.3 2.0 2.3 1.6 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 473 522 557 488 545 508 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 955 974 987 968 966 927 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 130 156 135 140 137 137 5.9 7.0 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 824 817 852 828 829 790 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.1 5.8

Other services.............................. 173 172 219 179 188 220 3.0 3.0 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.8

Government................................... 364 330 339 347 315 331 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5

Federal...................................... 44 41 38 35 37 37 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 320 289 301 312 278 294 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5

State and local education.............. 164 133 151 168 130 147 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 156 156 149 144 148 147 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 751 812 840 866 816 783 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.9

South........................................... 1,937 1,966 1,991 1,971 2,057 1,994 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,076 1,128 1,177 1,057 1,162 1,069 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.3

West............................................ 1,198 1,178 1,239 1,114 1,163 1,128 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total............................................... 2,902 3,085 3,186 3,036 3,138 3,027 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,728 2,915 3,011 2,865 2,962 2,872 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3

Mining and logging......................... 13 12 13 17 13 11 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.5 1.9 1.6

Construction................................ 114 134 151 162 164 166 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 142 165 177 184 183 176 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4

Durable goods........................... 79 89 96 97 94 94 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Nondurable goods....................... 64 75 82 88 89 82 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 629 623 657 672 678 586 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.1

Wholesale trade......................... 83 94 103 71 76 70 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.2

Retail trade............................... 450 432 469 492 498 426 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 96 97 85 109 105 90 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.6

Information.................................. 39 49 42 48 43 31 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.1

Financial activities......................... 96 78 123 85 105 104 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance................. 58 59 80 57 71 68 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 38 19 43 28 34 36 1.8 0.9 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 565 672 625 569 618 642 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.1

Education and health services........... 375 409 438 371 426 397 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.7

Educational services.................... 42 41 45 41 48 42 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 334 367 394 330 379 355 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 649 688 662 660 649 645 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 67 73 70 76 76 80 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 582 615 593 584 573 565 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2

Other services3

............................. 105 86 123 97 83 113 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.4 2.0

Government................................... 175 170 175 171 176 155 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

Federal...................................... 15 15 15 16 16 16 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 159 155 161 155 159 139 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

State and local education.............. 74 70 75 74 72 72 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 85 85 86 81 87 67 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 333 440 430 426 419 429 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,201 1,250 1,248 1,267 1,308 1,237 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3

Midwest........................................ 666 664 719 694 695 651 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0

West............................................ 702 730 789 649 715 710 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total............................................... 1,669 1,624 1,659 1,594 1,661 1,590 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,547 1,525 1,555 1,483 1,582 1,479 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 14 6 16 12 8 10 2.1 0.9 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.4

Construction................................ 210 214 177 155 197 195 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.3 2.9 2.8

Manufacturing.............................. 97 100 103 73 112 116 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 64 57 55 43 67 56 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 32 43 48 30 44 60 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 264 247 289 309 303 261 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Wholesale trade3

........................ 45 36 39 49 45 33 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6

Retail trade............................... 164 142 155 210 195 162 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 55 69 94 50 63 66 1.0 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.2

Information.................................. 29 23 27 23 28 22 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8

Financial activities......................... 51 61 50 68 70 37 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 26 29 30 46 32 21 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 24 32 19 22 38 15 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 410 401 383 367 325 334 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6

Education and health services........... 140 142 132 127 161 162 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 38 28 31 16 36 39 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 102 114 102 111 126 123 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 268 256 296 276 278 243 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 61 81 60 61 58 53 2.7 3.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 207 175 235 215 220 190 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4

Other services.............................. 63 75 83 73 100 99 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.7

Government................................... 122 99 104 111 79 111 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

Federal...................................... 13 13 13 10 11 11 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 109 86 91 101 69 100 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local education.............. 61 40 51 63 32 44 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 48 46 39 38 36 56 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 353 310 340 374 327 286 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1

South........................................... 571 566 573 566 601 622 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

Midwest........................................ 324 387 383 294 368 348 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1

West............................................ 420 361 362 361 365 335 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total............................................... 390 375 402 378 399 357 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 323 314 342 314 338 292 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 3 4 3 4 4 3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4

Construction3

............................... 15 20 32 22 13 11 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 27 23 24 24 23 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 15 17 13 16 11 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 12 6 11 8 12 10 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 99 88 66 74 82 81 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 12 13 7 14 12 11 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 72 57 46 48 52 58 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 16 18 13 12 18 12 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Information3................................. 13 10 18 8 9 13 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5

Financial activities......................... 27 23 26 29 25 22 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 18 20 23 24 22 18 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 8 4 3 4 3 3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 56 59 61 62 90 58 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services........... 41 45 68 50 48 35 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 3 4 7 2 7 5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 38 41 61 47 41 30 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 38 30 29 32 40 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 3 5 3 3 3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 35 27 24 29 37 35 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Other services3............................. 4 12 14 10 5 8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Government................................... 67 62 60 64 60 65 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 15 13 10 9 10 10 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local............................. 51 49 49 56 50 55 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 28 23 25 31 25 30 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 23 26 24 24 25 25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 64 62 70 66 70 68 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

South........................................... 165 150 171 139 148 136 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 85 77 75 69 98 71 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

West............................................ 76 86 87 104 82 83 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,951 5,723 6,371 4.0 3.8 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,435 5,198 5,796 4.3 4.1 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 11 25 22 1.6 3.5 3.1

Construction....................................................... 184 161 203 2.7 2.4 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 364 404 359 2.9 3.2 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 194 230 200 2.5 2.9 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 169 174 159 3.6 3.6 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,050 942 945 3.8 3.4 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 235 183 196 3.9 3.0 3.2

Retail trade..................................................... 601 587 571 3.7 3.6 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 214 172 178 3.8 3.0 3.1

Information........................................................ 92 83 111 3.2 3.0 3.9

Financial activities................................................ 368 309 414 4.3 3.6 4.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 273 241 323 4.3 3.7 4.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 96 68 91 4.3 3.1 4.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,056 1,160 1,230 5.0 5.4 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 1,136 1,051 1,164 4.8 4.3 4.8

Educational services.......................................... 107 87 99 2.8 2.2 2.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,029 964 1,065 5.2 4.8 5.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 903 757 997 5.5 4.7 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 119 81 101 5.2 3.8 4.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 784 677 896 5.6 4.8 6.2

Other services.................................................... 270 306 352 4.6 5.1 5.8

Government.......................................................... 516 525 575 2.2 2.3 2.5

Federal............................................................. 82 91 85 2.9 3.1 3.0

State and local.................................................... 435 435 489 2.1 2.1 2.4

State and local education..................................... 139 147 172 1.3 1.3 1.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 296 288 317 3.2 3.1 3.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 921 990 1,206 3.3 3.6 4.3

South................................................................. 2,271 2,183 2,296 4.2 4.0 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,321 1,338 1,546 4.0 4.0 4.5

West.................................................................. 1,439 1,212 1,324 4.2 3.5 3.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,408 5,031 5,357 3.8 3.5 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,124 4,781 5,093 4.2 3.9 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 23 30 35 3.5 4.3 5.1

Construction....................................................... 453 361 516 6.8 5.5 7.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 268 313 318 2.2 2.5 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 161 176 165 2.1 2.3 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 107 137 154 2.3 3.0 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,004 1,030 925 3.7 3.8 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 166 136 134 2.8 2.3 2.3

Retail trade..................................................... 673 732 640 4.3 4.7 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 165 163 151 3.0 2.9 2.7

Information........................................................ 89 70 63 3.2 2.5 2.3

Financial activities................................................ 207 207 184 2.5 2.5 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 123 130 120 2.0 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 84 77 64 4.0 3.6 3.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,227 1,009 1,155 6.1 5.0 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 579 598 592 2.6 2.6 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 65 61 62 1.7 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 515 537 530 2.7 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,090 982 1,077 7.0 6.4 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 170 110 210 7.8 5.3 9.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 920 871 868 6.9 6.5 6.4

Other services.................................................... 184 181 227 3.2 3.2 4.0

Government.......................................................... 284 250 265 1.3 1.1 1.2

Federal............................................................. 32 31 31 1.2 1.1 1.1

State and local.................................................... 252 219 234 1.3 1.1 1.2

State and local education..................................... 83 79 76 0.8 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 168 140 158 1.9 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 859 801 947 3.2 3.0 3.5

South................................................................. 2,078 1,980 2,064 4.0 3.7 3.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,223 1,081 1,222 3.8 3.4 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,248 1,168 1,123 3.8 3.5 3.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 4,837 4,575 4,806 3.4 3.2 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,581 4,352 4,577 3.8 3.6 3.7

Mining and logging............................................... 31 24 23 4.6 3.5 3.3

Construction....................................................... 312 323 362 4.7 4.9 5.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 264 298 313 2.1 2.4 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 161 161 166 2.1 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 103 137 146 2.3 3.0 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 973 943 899 3.6 3.5 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 149 130 120 2.5 2.2 2.0

Retail trade..................................................... 666 650 624 4.3 4.2 4.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 157 163 154 2.9 2.9 2.8

Information........................................................ 82 76 66 2.9 2.8 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 187 196 173 2.3 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 115 130 117 1.9 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 72 66 56 3.4 3.1 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,108 946 1,084 5.5 4.7 5.3

Education and health services.................................. 532 578 566 2.3 2.5 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 59 61 62 1.6 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 473 517 504 2.5 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 929 806 882 6.0 5.2 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 137 102 132 6.3 4.9 6.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 792 704 749 6.0 5.3 5.5

Other services.................................................... 163 161 209 2.9 2.8 3.6

Government.......................................................... 256 223 229 1.1 1.0 1.0

Federal............................................................. 40 32 33 1.4 1.1 1.2

State and local.................................................... 217 191 197 1.1 1.0 1.0

State and local education..................................... 88 72 81 0.8 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 129 120 116 1.4 1.3 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 710 655 733 2.7 2.4 2.7

South................................................................. 1,925 1,868 1,983 3.7 3.5 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,024 1,007 995 3.2 3.1 3.1

West.................................................................. 1,179 1,045 1,094 3.6 3.2 3.3

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 2,910 2,828 3,016 2.0 2.0 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,769 2,691 2,895 2.3 2.2 2.3

Mining and logging............................................... 13 11 11 2.0 1.6 1.6

Construction....................................................... 118 144 177 1.8 2.2 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 151 175 185 1.2 1.4 1.5

Durable goods.................................................. 86 89 102 1.1 1.2 1.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 65 86 83 1.4 1.9 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 645 622 595 2.4 2.3 2.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 91 75 75 1.6 1.3 1.3

Retail trade..................................................... 454 447 426 2.9 2.9 2.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 100 99 93 1.8 1.8 1.7

Information........................................................ 39 40 31 1.4 1.5 1.1

Financial activities................................................ 101 107 111 1.2 1.3 1.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 64 73 75 1.0 1.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 38 34 36 1.8 1.6 1.7

Professional and business services............................ 580 567 655 2.9 2.8 3.2

Education and health services.................................. 372 392 388 1.6 1.7 1.7

Educational services.......................................... 33 34 31 0.9 0.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 339 358 357 1.8 1.9 1.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 644 550 630 4.2 3.6 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 58 55 72 2.7 2.6 3.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 586 495 557 4.4 3.7 4.1

Other services.................................................... 105 83 113 1.9 1.4 2.0

Government.......................................................... 142 138 121 0.6 0.6 0.5

Federal............................................................. 14 15 15 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 127 123 106 0.6 0.6 0.5

State and local education..................................... 45 46 43 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 82 77 63 0.9 0.9 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 323 348 413 1.2 1.3 1.5

South................................................................. 1,228 1,214 1,264 2.3 2.3 2.4

Midwest............................................................... 655 612 627 2.0 1.9 1.9

West.................................................................. 705 654 711 2.1 2.0 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 1,560 1,386 1,453 1.1 1.0 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,493 1,344 1,390 1.2 1.1 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 14 8 10 2.1 1.2 1.4

Construction....................................................... 180 166 175 2.7 2.5 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 85 101 104 0.7 0.8 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 58 62 51 0.8 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 26 39 54 0.6 0.8 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 231 251 222 0.9 0.9 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 45 45 33 0.8 0.8 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 146 161 140 0.9 1.0 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 41 46 49 0.8 0.8 0.9

Information........................................................ 30 27 21 1.1 1.0 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 57 69 38 0.7 0.8 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 30 40 22 0.5 0.6 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 26 29 16 1.2 1.3 0.7

Professional and business services............................ 475 293 375 2.4 1.4 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 119 138 143 0.5 0.6 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 23 20 25 0.6 0.5 0.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 96 118 117 0.5 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 247 216 213 1.6 1.4 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 76 45 57 3.5 2.2 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 171 171 157 1.3 1.3 1.2

Other services.................................................... 54 74 88 0.9 1.3 1.5

Government.......................................................... 68 43 63 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal............................................................. 11 9 9 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 56 34 53 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local education..................................... 28 14 20 0.3 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 28 20 33 0.3 0.2 0.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 326 244 253 1.2 0.9 0.9

South................................................................. 547 530 600 1.0 1.0 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 288 304 299 0.9 0.9 0.9

West.................................................................. 399 309 301 1.2 0.9 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 367 360 336 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 320 318 291 0.3 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 3 5 2 0.5 0.7 0.3

Construction....................................................... 15 13 11 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 28 23 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 16 11 14 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 12 12 10 0.3 0.3 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 96 70 82 0.4 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 13 10 12 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 67 42 58 0.4 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 16 18 12 0.3 0.3 0.2

Information........................................................ 13 9 13 0.5 0.3 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 29 20 23 0.4 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 21 17 20 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 8 3 3 0.4 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 53 86 54 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 41 48 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 3 7 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 38 41 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 38 40 39 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 3 3 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 35 37 35 0.3 0.3 0.3

Other services.................................................... 4 5 8 0.1 0.1 0.1

Government.......................................................... 47 43 46 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 14 8 9 0.5 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 33 34 37 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 14 12 17 0.1 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 19 23 20 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 61 63 67 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 150 124 119 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 81 91 69 0.3 0.3 0.2

West.................................................................. 75 82 82 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.