For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 29, 2012 USDL-12-1291

Technical information: (202) 691-6599 • gtpinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/gtp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

GREEN TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES —AUGUST 2011 

About three-quarters of business establishments reported the use of at least one green technology or 

practice during August 2011, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Green technologies and 

practices (GTP) are those that lessen the environmental impact of an establishment’s operations. About 

854,700 jobs, representing approximately 0.7 percent of total U.S. employment, were held by workers 

who spent more than half of their time involved in green technologies and practices in August 2011. 

Over one-quarter of these GTP jobs were in building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 

or in installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. 

These data are from the Green Technologies and Practices survey, a survey of business establishments 

designed to collect data on establishments’ use of green technologies and practices and the occupations 

of workers who spend more than half of their time involved in green technologies and practices. More 

information about the GTP survey is provided in the Technical Note. 

Use of green technologies and practices by business establishments 

 Seventy-five percent of business establishments reported the use of at least one green technology 

or practice during the August survey reference period. (See chart 1 and table 1.) 

 The two most frequently reported types of green technologies and practices were those that 

improve energy efficiency within the establishment, reported by 57 percent of establishments, 

and those that reduce the creation of waste materials as a result of operations, reported by 55 

percent of establishments. The least commonly used green technology or practice was generating 

electricity, heat, or fuel from renewable sources primarily for use within the establishment, 

reported by about 2 percent of establishments. (See chart 1 and table 1.) 

 Information and educational services were among the industries with the highest incidence of 

green technologies and practices, with 84 and 81 percent of establishments reporting the use of at 

least one green technology or practice, respectively. The industries with the lowest incidence of 

green technologies and practices were mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction (49 percent) 

and transportation and warehousing (61 percent). (See table 2.) 
- 2 - 

 The percentage of establishments reporting the use of at least one green technology or practice 

varied by region from 72 percent in the South to 77 percent in the West. The general pattern of 

green technologies and practices usage was similar across all four Census regions, with 

improving energy efficiency and reducing the creation of waste materials the most commonly 

reported practices, and generating energy from renewable sources the least commonly reported 

practice. (See table 1.) 

 About 25 percent of establishments reported using only 1 of the 6 types of green technologies 

and practices listed on the GTP survey form, and an additional 26 percent reported using two 

green technologies and practices. Nine percent of establishments reported using four or more 

green technologies and practices. (See table 3.) 

0 20 40 60 80

Generate electricity, heat, or fuel fromrenewablesources

primarily for use within the establishment

Reduce greenhousegas emissionsthrough methods other

than renewable energygenerationand energy efficiency

Reduce the creation or release of pollutants or toxic

compounds, or removepollutants or hazardous waste from

the environment

Conserve naturalresources(excluding use ofrecycled

inputsin production processes)

Reduce or eliminatethe creation of waste materials

Improve energyefficiencywithin the establishment

Atleastone green technology or practice

No green technologies or practices

Percent reporting GTP

Chart 1. Percent of establishmentsreporting green technologies

and practices, by type of technology or practice, August 2011

Note: Specific types of green technologies and practices are shown by lighter bars. Because establishments could

report more than one green technology or practice, the percent of establishmentsreporting specific green

technologies and practices will not sum to the percent of establishments reporting atleast one green technology or

practice.
- 3 - 

GTP employment by region and by industry 

 About 854,700 jobs, representing 0.7 percent of total U.S. employment, were held by workers 

who spent more than half of their time involved in green technologies and practices during the 

survey reference period. The South had 267,600 GTP jobs, representing about 31 percent of total 

GTP employment. About 26 percent of GTP employment was in the West, 23 percent in the 

Midwest, and 20 percent in the Northeast. (See table 4.) 

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000

Business operationsspecialists, all other

First‐line supervisors of landscaping and groundskeeping

workers

First‐line supervisors of construction trades and

extractionworkers

Automotive service technicians and mechanics

Maids and housekeeping cleaners

Landscaping and groundskeeping workers

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand

Maintenance and repair workers, general

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigerationmechanics and

installers

Janitors and cleaners

GTP employment

Note: GTP employment is defined as the number of employees spending more than half their time involved in

green technologies and practices.

Chart 2.Occupations with the highest GTP employment, August 2011
- 4 - 

 The industries with the highest levels of GTP employment included administrative and waste 

services (151,900) and construction (134,100). GTP employment as a percent of industry 

employment ranged from 2.3 percent in construction to 0.1 percent in finance and insurance and 

information. (See table 5.) 

GTP employment by occupation 

 Over one-quarter of all GTP jobs were in the building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 

occupational group or in the installation, maintenance, and repair occupational group. The 

transportation and material moving; production; and construction and extraction occupational 

groups made up an additional 23 percent of GTP employment. Education, training, and library 

occupations and arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations were among the 

occupational groups with the lowest GTP employment. (See table 6.) 

 Detailed occupations with the largest number of GTP jobs included janitors and cleaners, except 

maids and housekeeping cleaners, with 56,700 GTP jobs; heating, air conditioning, and 

refrigeration mechanics and installers (37,300); and general maintenance and repair workers 

(26,000). (See chart 2 and table 6.) 

 Among occupations with at least 2,500 GTP jobs, the highest paying included general and 

operations managers, with an annual mean wage of $103,780 for GTP jobs; construction 

managers ($83,480); and civil engineers ($82,810). The lowest paying occupations included 

maids and housekeeping cleaners ($17,950) and farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and 

greenhouse ($21,630). (See table 6.) 

Differences between Green Technologies and Practices (GTP) and Green Goods and Services 

(GGS) employment estimates

GTP employment is an estimate of the number of jobs in which workers spend more than half of 

their time involved in technologies and practices that make their establishment's production 

processes more environmentally friendly or use fewer natural resources. The GTP estimate is a 

measure of the BLS process approach to green jobs. The separate Green Goods and Services (GGS) 

survey measures the output approach to green jobs by identifying establishments that produce green 

goods and services. The GGS measure of green employment is based on the proportion of revenue 

the establishment derives from producing green goods and services. The GGS employment estimate 

includes the workers directly involved in producing such goods and services as well as other 

employees of the establishment. 

GTP and GGS employment are based on two distinct concepts. For this reason, users should not 

sum the estimates to get a count of “total” green employment nor should they consider the two 

estimates a range of the number of green jobs. Users should decide which of the approaches best 

suits their analytical needs. GTP and GGS estimates cannot be compared to each other to provide a 

measure of the change in green employment over time. 
Technical Note

Overview 

The Green Technologies and Practices (GTP) survey is 

a special survey of business establishments designed to 

measure the use of technologies and practices that 

lessen the environmental impact of an establishment’s 

production processes. The survey also collects 

occupational employment and wage data for wage and 

salary workers who spent more than half of their time 

involved in green technologies and practices during 

the survey reference period, the pay period including 

August 12, 2011. The GTP survey is based on a 

probability sample of about 35,000 business 

establishments, drawn primarily from state 

unemployment insurance (UI) files and stratified by 

Census region and industry sector. 

The GTP survey collects information on the BLS 

process approach to measuring green jobs: jobs in 

which workers' duties involve making their 

establishment's production processes more 

environmentally friendly or use fewer natural 

resources. More information about the BLS green jobs 

initiative is available from the green jobs homepage at 

www.bls.gov/green. 

Green technologies and practices are defined as 

technologies and practices that lessen the 

environmental impact of an establishment’s production 

processes. Employers were asked whether they had 

used each of the six green technologies and practices 

listed below during the reference period. Examples of 

the types of technologies and practices included in 

each of the six categories were provided. 

1. Generate electricity, heat, or fuel from renewable 

sources primarily for use within the establishment. 

Examples of renewable sources: 

 Wind 

 Geothermal 

 Ocean 

 Landfill gas 

 Biomass 

 Solar 

 Hydropower 

 Municipal solid waste 

2. Use technologies or practices to improve energy 

efficiency within the establishment. 

Examples: 

 Energy Star rated appliances 

 Occupying a LEED certified building 

 Energy efficient lighting 

 Programmable thermostats 

 Cogeneration (combined heat and power) 

 Energy efficient manufacturing equipment 

3. Use technologies or practices in operations to 

reduce greenhouse gas emissions through methods 

other than renewable energy generation and 

energy efficiency. 

Examples: 

 Purchase and use of carbon offsets 

 Promotion and/or subsidy of alternative 

forms of transportation for employees, 

such as carpools, fuel efficient vehicles, 

cycling, or mass transit 

 Implementation of a telework program for 

employees 

4. Use technologies or practices to either reduce the 

creation or release of pollutants or toxic 

compounds as a result of operations, or to remove 

pollutants or hazardous waste from the 

environment. 

Examples of pollutants or toxic compounds: 

 Carbon monoxide 

 Sulfur dioxide 

 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 

 Nitrogen oxides 

 Chlorinated hydrocarbons 

 Herbicides or pesticides 

 Heavy metals 

 Radioactive contamination 

5. Use technologies or practices to reduce or 

eliminate the creation of waste materials as a result 

of operations. 

Examples: 

 Collecting and reusing or recycling waste 

 Managing wastewater 

 Composting solid waste 

 Remanufacturing 
6. Use technologies or practices in operations to 

conserve natural resources, excluding the use of 

recycled inputs in production processes. 

Examples: 

 Managing land resources 

 Managing storm water 

 Conserving soil, water, or wildlife 

 Implementing organic agriculture or 

sustainable forestry practices 

An establishment is generally a single physical 

location at which economic activity occurs (e.g., store, 

factory, restaurant, etc.). When a single physical 

location encompasses two or more distinct economic 

activities, it is treated as two or more separate 

establishments if separate payroll records are available 

and certain other criteria are met. 

An occupation is a set of activities or tasks that 

employees are paid to perform. Workers are classified 

into occupations based on their job duties and, in some 

cases, on the skills, education, and/or training required. 

Workers with similar job duties are classified in the 

same occupation, regardless of the industry in which 

they are employed. The GTP survey uses the 2010 

Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system to 

classify workers into occupations. 

Wages are money that is paid or received for work or 

services performed in a specified period. For the 

purposes of the GTP survey, wages are straight-time, 

gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base rate pay, 

cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, hazardousduty pay, incentive pay such as commissions and 

production bonuses, and tips are included. Back pay, 

jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift 

differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer costs 

for supplementary benefits, and tuition 

reimbursements are excluded. 

GTP employment refers to the number of jobs in 

which workers spend more than half of their time 

involved in green technologies and practices. 

Survey sample 

The GTP survey draws its sample primarily from the 

Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) 

state unemployment insurance (UI) files. A 

supplemental source is used for rail transportation 

because this industry does not report to the UI 

program. The GTP survey covers private and public 

sector establishments in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. 

 

The GTP sampling frame of about 6.7 million in-scope 

establishments was stratified by Census region and 2-

digit North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS) sector. From this frame, a statistical sample 

of about 35,000 establishments was selected. To 

provide better survey coverage, larger employers were 

more likely to be selected than smaller employers. 

Data collection 

Survey forms were mailed to sampled business 

establishments. Seventy percent of sampled 

establishments responded to the GTP survey. 

Respondents were asked whether or not they used each 

of the six green technologies and practices listed 

earlier during the pay period that included August 12, 

2011. They were also asked to provide the number of 

employees who spent more than half of their time 

involved in green technologies and practices during 

the reference period. For such workers, respondents 

were asked to provide job titles and brief job 

descriptions, as well as the number of workers, by 

occupation, in each of 12 specific wage intervals. The 

wage intervals were defined in terms of both hourly 

rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the 

annual rate for an occupation is calculated by 

multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work 

year of 2,080 hours. Respondents were instructed to 

report part-time workers at their hourly rates. Full-time 

workers could be reported by either hourly rates or 

annual salaries, depending on how the worker was 

paid. 

Estimation methodology

Nonresponse. About 30 percent of sampled 

establishments either did not respond to the GTP 

survey, or did not provide sufficient information for 

their responses to be usable. To compensate for these 

nonresponding units, the weights of responding units 

are adjusted through the use of nonresponse 

adjustment factors (NRAFs). These NRAFs are 

incorporated into the benchmarking process (see 

below) and are based on the ratio of weighted 

maximum 2011 QCEW employment for all viable 

sample units in the cell to weighted maximum 2011 

QCEW employment for usable responding units in the 
cell, where maximum employment is defined as the 

largest employment over all 12 months in the 2011 

QCEW. 

In addition to these nonrespondents, some units 

provided partial responses to the GTP survey. Missing 

responses to green technologies and practices 

questions are imputed based on a donor pool of 

respondents with similar establishment characteristics. 

For establishments reporting occupational employment 

data but no wage information, the missing 

occupational wages are imputed using the distribution 

of weighted employment across wage ranges for 

respondents reporting that occupation. For 

establishments reporting green employment but no 

occupational information, the green employment is 

assigned to a residual “occupation not reported” 

category. 

Weighting and benchmarking. Sampled establishments are weighted to represent all establishments for 

the reference period. Each sampled establishment is 

initially assigned a sampling weight equal to the 

reciprocal of its probability of selection. To ensure that 

GTP employment estimates are consistent with total 

employment for the reference period, weights are 

further adjusted by the ratio of August 2011 QCEW 

employment totals to response-adjusted employment 

totals from the GTP survey. 

Wage estimation. Because the GTP survey collects 

wage data by wage range rather than by wage rate, 

special procedures are needed to produce mean and 

median wage estimates. Mean wage estimates are 

calculated using a weighted mean of the 12 wage 

intervals. 

In order to estimate this, means for the individual 

wage intervals are needed. These are calculated using 

harmonic means for 11 of the 12 wage intervals. The 

interval mean for the highest, open-ended interval is 

calculated based on data from the BLS National 

Compensation Survey. For the lowest wage interval, 

state-specific harmonic means are calculated that 

incorporate each state’s minimum wage. Median 

wages are calculated based on a weighted median 

procedure.

Data available

The GTP survey produces data on the incidence of 

specific green technologies and practices and on the 

total number of jobs in which workers spent more than 

half of their time involved in green technologies and 

practices. These data are available for all industries 

combined at the national and Census region levels, and 

for NAICS industry sectors at the national level. The 

GTP survey also produces national occupational 

employment, mean wage, and median wage estimates 

for jobs in which workers spent more than half of their 

time involved in green technologies and practices. 

For more information

Answers to frequently asked questions about the GTP 

survey are available at www.bls.gov/gtp/faq.htm. 

Detailed technical information about the GTP survey 

is available in our Survey Methods and Reliability 

Statement at www.bls.gov/gtp/gtp_survey_methods. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339. 
Table 1. Number and percent of establishments reporting green technologies and practices, by type of technology or practice, United States and census regio

 August 2011

 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 

 of of of of of of of of 

Type of green technology or practice estab- estab- estab- estab- estab- estab- estab- estab- 

lish- lish- lish- lish- lish- lish- lish- lish- 

 ments ments ments ments ments ments ments ments 

Total, all establishments5 ............................................... 6,624,600 100.0 1,309,100 100.0 1,419,400 100.0 2,369,600 100.0 

No green technologies or practices reported .......................................................... 1,691,100 25.5 321,200 24.5 339,900 24.0 674,200 28.5 At least one green technology or practice reported 6 ...............

... 4,933,500 74.5 988,000 75.5 1,079,400 76.0 1,695,400 71.5 

By type of technology or practice 

Generate electricity, heat, or fuel from renewable sources primarily for use within the establishment ........................

... 153,300 2.3 35,300 2.7 29,200 2.1 39,200 1.7 

Use technologies or practices to improve energy efficiency  within the establishment .............................................

... 3,799,400 57.4 775,400 59.2 858,700 60.5 1,271,100 53.6 

Use technologies or practices in operations to reduce  greenhouse gas emissions through methods other than renewable energy generation and energy efficiency ............. 835,000 12.6 173,900 13.3 163,400 11.5 267,600 11.3 Use practices to either reduce the creation or release of  pollutants or toxic compounds as a result of operations,  or to remove pollutants or hazardous waste from the  environment ........................................................... 861,400 13.0 161,500 12.3 187,700 13.2 288,800 12.2 Use technologies or practices to reduce or eliminate the  creation of waste materials as a result of operations ............. 3,636,700 54.9 761,400 58.2 812,800 57.3 1,130,300 47.7 Use technologies or practices in operations to conserve  natural resources (excluding use of recycled inputs in  production process) ................................................... 1,286,800 19.4 246,700 18.8 266,900 18.8 445,700 18.8 

 1 Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

 2 Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. 3 Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Te

Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia

 4 Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 5 Detail may not sum to total due to rounding. 6 Total will not match the sum of data by type of technology or practice because establishments may report more than one green technology or practice.

United States Northeast 1 Midwest 2 South 3 
Table 2. Number and percent of establishments reporting green technologies and practices, by industry, August 2011

NAICS 

code Industry 

Number of 

establishments 

reporting at least 

one green 

technology or 

practice 

Total number of 

establishments

Percent of 

establishments 

reporting at least 

one green 

technology or 

practice

Total, all industries1

 ................................................... 4,933,500 6,624,600 74.5

11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting ..................... 64,600 81,900 78.9

21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction .................. 13,400 27,100 49.4

22 Utilities ............................................................ 16,900 23,800 71.1

23 Construction ...................................................... 403,200 570,200 70.7

31-33 Manufacturing ...................................................... 221,700 295,200 75.1

42 Wholesale trade ................................................... 302,400 422,700 71.5

44-45 Retail trade ......................................................... 712,900 916,500 77.8

48-49 Transportation and warehousing ................................. 126,800 209,200 60.6

51 Information ......................................................... 94,600 112,800 83.9

52 Finance and insurance ............................................. 294,700 389,300 75.7

53 Real estate and rental and leasing .............................. 206,700 281,500 73.4

54 Professional, scientific, and technical services ............... 540,200 742,600 72.8

55 Management of companies and enterprises ..................... 29,500 41,500 71.1

56 Administrative and waste services .............................. 252,100 359,900 70.0

61 Educational services ............................................. 114,300 142,100 80.5

62 Health care and social assistance ................................. 560,800 736,900 76.1

71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation .............................. 80,200 102,200 78.5

72 Accommodation and food services .............................. 439,900 564,100 78.0

81 Other services (except public administration) .................. 360,200 480,400 75.0

92 Public administration ............................................. 98,300 124,700 78.8

 1 Detail may not sum to total due to rounding.
Number of green technologies Number of Percent of 

or practices reported establishments establishments

Total, all establishments .......................................... 6,624,600 100.0

No green technologies or practices reported ............ 1,691,100 25.5

At least one green technology or practice reported ...... 4,933,500 74.5

By number of practices reported

One ............................................................ 1,646,700 24.9

Two ............................................................ 1,721,800 26.0

Three ......................................................... 976,100 14.7

Four ............................................................ 421,600 6.4

Five ............................................................ 136,400 2.1

Six ............................................................ 30,900 0.5

Table 3. Number and percent of establishments reporting green technologies and 

practices, by number of green technologies or practices reported, August 2011
Area GTP employment1

GTP employment 

in area as a percent 

of U.S. GTP 

employment

GTP employment 

as a percent of total 

area employment

United States2

 ........................ 854,700 100.0 0.7

Census regions

Northeast3

 ........................... 168,500 19.7 .7

Midwest4 .............................. 198,200 23.2 .7

South5

 ................................. 267,600 31.3 .6

West6

 .................................... 220,300 25.8 .8

 2

 Detail may not sum to total due to rounding.

Table 4. Employment for workers spending more than half of their time involved in green 

technologies and practices (GTP employment), United States and census regions, August 2011

 1 Defined as employees who spend more than half of their time involved in green technologies and 

practices. 

 3 Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, 

Rhode Island, and Vermont.

 4 Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, 

South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

 6 Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, 

Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

 5 Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, 

Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

West Virginia.
NAICS 

code Industry Industry GTP 

employment1

Industry GTP 

employment 

as a percent 

of total GTP 

employment 

Industry GTP 

employment 

as a percent of 

total industry 

employment

Total GTP employment, all industries2 ............ 854,700 100.0 0.7

11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting ...... 18,900 2.2 1.5

21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ... 3,100 0.4 0.4

22 Utilities ............................................. 16,800 2.0 2.1

23 Construction .......................................... 134,100 15.7 2.3

31-33 Manufacturing ....................................... 57,600 6.7 0.5

42 Wholesale trade .................................... 22,900 2.7 0.4

44-45 Retail trade .......................................... 39,700 4.6 0.3

48-49 Transportation and warehousing .................. 35,100 4.1 0.7

51 Information .......................................... 3,600 0.4 0.1

52 Finance and insurance .............................. 4,700 0.6 0.1

53 Real estate and rental and leasing ............... 10,500 1.2 0.5

54 Professional, scientific, and technical services 99,800 11.7 1.3

55 Management of companies and enterprises ...... 3,900 0.5 0.2

56 Administrative and waste services ............... 151,900 17.8 2.0

61 Educational services .............................. 30,800 3.6 0.3

62 Health care and social assistance .................. 63,900 7.5 0.4

71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............... 12,900 1.5 0.5

72 Accommodation and food services ............... 58,800 6.9 0.5

81 Other services (except public administration) ... 27,800 3.2 0.7

92 Public administration .............................. 57,800 6.8 0.8

2

Detail may not sum to total due to rounding.

Table 5. Employment for workers spending more than half of their time involved in green technologies and 

practices (GTP employment) by industry, August 2011

1

Defined as employees who spend more than half of their time involved in green technologies and practices. 

June 18, 2012
Table 6. Occupational employment and wages for workers spending more than half of their time involved in green technologies and practices 

( GTP employment), August 2011

SOC 

code Occupation title

GTP 

employment1

Percent of 

GTP 

employment

Hourly 

mean 

wage

Annual 

mean 

wage

Hourly 

median 

wage

00-0000 All occupations2

 .............................................................................. 854,700 100.0 $21.05 $43,790 $16.88

11-0000 Management occupations .................................................................................... 42,900 5.0 41.17 85,630 37.61

11-1021 General and operations managers ........................................................................ 8,600 1.0 49.89 103,780 45.12

11-3011 Administrative services managers ....................................................................... 4,100 .5 37.31 77,610 34.18

11-3021 Computer and information systems managers ..................................................... 200 (

3

) 60.84 126,560 64.85

11-3051 Industrial production managers ........................................................................... 800 .1 65.16 135,530 62.05

11-3071 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ............................................ 1,100 .1 37.93 78,900 33.08

11-9021 Construction managers ........................................................................................ 6,400 .7 40.13 83,480 35.35

11-9041 Architectural and engineering managers ............................................................. 4,500 .5 38.76 80,630 (

4

)

11-9111 Medical and health services managers ................................................................ 100 (

3

) 61.67 128,280 63.75

11-9121 Natural sciences managers .................................................................................. 1,400 .2 41.08 85,450 40.32

11-9199 Managers, all other .............................................................................................. 4,100 .5 49.82 103,630 49.65

13-0000 Business and financial operations occupations .................................................. 24,800 2.9 26.44 55,000 24.65

13-1023 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products .......................... 1,000 .1 23.15 48,150 24.13

13-1041 Compliance officers ............................................................................................ 3,800 .4 29.60 61,560 30.09

13-1111 Management analysts .......................................................................................... 300 (

3

) 26.75 55,650 21.09

13-1199 Business operations specialists, all other ............................................................ 11,700 1.4 25.17 52,350 22.32

15-0000 Computer and mathematical occupations .......................................................... 8,800 1.0 (

4

) (4) (4)

17-0000 Architecture and engineering occupations ........................................................ 53,200 6.2 30.88 64,220 29.81

17-2051 Civil engineers .................................................................................................... 6,000 .7 39.81 82,810 39.77

17-2111 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors ...... 300 (

3

) 50.46 104,950 44.30

17-2112 Industrial engineers ............................................................................................. 1,300 .1 40.97 85,220 37.22

17-2199 Engineers, all other ............................................................................................. 3,800 .4 37.09 77,140 38.82

19-0000 Life, physical, and social science occupations .................................................... 32,000 3.7 32.54 67,690 25.81

19-1031 Conservation scientists ........................................................................................ 2,400 .3 23.52 48,920 (

4

)

19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health .................................. 7,200 .8 29.40 61,160 27.18

19-3051 Urban and regional planners ............................................................................... 900 .1 31.63 65,780 29.64

19-4091 Environmental science and protection technicians, including health .................. 3,600 .4 22.81 47,450 21.17

19-4099 Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other ...................................... 100 (

3

) 27.68 57,560 22.00

25-0000 Education, training, and library occupations .................................................... 100 (

3

) 19.42 40,390 20.28

27-0000 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ............................ 800 .1 30.11 62,620 30.79

29-0000 Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations ......................................... 21,300 2.5 23.84 49,580 17.50

29-9011 Occupational health and safety specialists .......................................................... 3,500 .4 32.86 68,350 36.06

35-0000 Food preparation and serving related occupations ........................................... 26,100 3.1 10.94 22,750 9.02

37-0000 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ......................... 123,600 14.5 14.29 29,730 12.70

37-1012 First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and 

 groundskeeping workers ........................................... ........................... 11,800 1.4 21.23 44,160 20.25

37-2011 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners ......................... 56,700 6.6 14.45 30,050 12.59

37-2012 Maids and housekeeping cleaners ....................................................................... 19,600 2.3 8.63 17,950 8.42

37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ......................................................... 22,000 2.6 14.41 29,980 13.50

39-0000 Personal care and service occupations ............................................................... 3,900 .5 16.89 35,130 16.29

41-0000 Sales and related occupations ............................................................................. 30,200 3.5 23.20 48,260 19.86

41-1011 First-line supervisors of retail sales workers ....................................................... 3,500 .4 16.33 33,970 16.29
Table 6. Occupational employment and wages for workers spending more than half of their time involved in green technologies and practices 

(GTP employment), August 2011 — Continued

SOC 

code Occupation title

GTP 

employment1

Percent of 

GTP 

employment

Hourly 

mean 

wage

Annual 

mean 

wage

Hourly 

median 

wage

43-0000 Office and administrative support occupations ................................................. 31,700 3.7 17.76 36,950 14.44

43-1011 First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers .................... 9,700 1.1 20.15 41,920 18.51

43-5071 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ................................................................ 1,300 .2 12.30 25,580 11.87

43-6014 Secretaries and administrative asistants, except legal, medical, 

 and executive ................................. ......................................................... 4,000 .5 16.71 34,750 (

4

)

43-9061 Office clerks, general .......................................................................................... 4,500 .5 18.01 37,460 13.58

45-0000 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ....................................................... 17,100 2.0 12.58 26,170 10.65

45-2092 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse .................................. 11,600 1.4 10.40 21,630 10.16

47-0000 Construction and extraction occupations ........................................................... 79,600 9.3 19.33 40,200 17.45

47-1011 First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction 

 workers ............................................................................................................... 13,100 1.5 25.38 52,800 24.97

47-2111 Electricians ......................................................................................................... 2,700 .3 28.32 58,910 26.71

47-4011 Construction and building inspectors .................................................................. 400 .1 28.17 58,600 25.08

49-0000 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ........................................... 103,500 12.1 20.64 42,940 17.48

49-1011 First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers .............................. 10,000 1.2 25.41 52,860 23.36

49-3023 Automotive service technicians and mechanics .................................................. 13,300 1.6 24.72 51,420 20.77

49-9021 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and 

 installers ......................................................................... ........... 37,300 4.4 18.75 39,000 16.34

49-9043 Maintenance workers, machinery ........................................................................ 500 .1 19.70 40,980 18.02

49-9071 Maintenance and repair workers, general ............................................................ 26,000 3.0 21.32 44,350 17.65

49-9099 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other ...................................... 200 (

3

) 15.71 32,670 16.49

51-0000 Production occupations ....................................................................................... 60,800 7.1 18.13 37,710 16.15

51-1011 First-line supervisors of production and operating workers ................................ 9,100 1.1 22.93 47,700 23.46

51-8013 Power plant operators .......................................................................................... 1,600 .2 29.82 62,020 30.65

51-8021 Stationary engineers and boiler operators ........................................................... 1,500 .2 23.42 48,720 22.02

51-8031 Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators .............................. p yp 10,600 1.2 22.39 46,570 22.77 , ,

51-9111 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ......................................... 1,300 .1 13.10 27,250 11.97

51-9121 Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders ....................................................................................................... 1,800 .2 19.27 40,090 (

4

)

51-9199 Production workers, all other .............................................................................. 10,400 1.2 13.55 28,180 13.36

53-0000 Transportation and material moving occupations ............................................ 59,800 7.0 15.38 31,990 13.30

53-1021 First-line supervisors of helpers, laborers, and material

 movers, hand ..................................................................................................... 1,900 .2 22.77 47,360 21.25

53-1031 First-line supervisors of transportation and material-moving

 machine and vehicle operators .......................................................................... 7,100 .8 20.61 42,860 16.71

53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators .................................................................. 3,300 .4 22.02 45,810 (

4

)

53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand ...................................... 23,000 2.7 11.44 23,800 11.02

99-9999 Occupation not reported ..................................................................................... 102,300 12.0 (

4

) (4) (4)

 2 Occupational data will not sum to the major group and all-occupations totals because the totals include occupations for which data were not 

 published separately.

 3Less than 0.05 percent.

 4Estimates not released.

 1Defined as employees who spend more than half of their time involved in green technologies and practices.