Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-1347 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 6, 2017

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2017 

The unemployment rate declined to 4.2 percent in September, and total nonfarm payroll employment

changed little (-33,000), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. A sharp employment decline 

in food services and drinking places and below-trend growth in some other industries likely reflected the 

impact of Hurricanes Irma and Harvey. 

Hurricanes Irma and Harvey 

Hurricane Irma made landfall in Florida on September 10—during the reference period for both the 

establishment and household surveys—causing severe damage in Florida and other parts of the 

Southeast. Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Texas on August 25—prior to the September reference 

periods—resulting in severe damage in Texas and other areas of the Gulf Coast. 

Our analysis suggests that the net effect of these hurricanes was to reduce the estimate of total nonfarm 

payroll employment for September. There was no discernible effect on the national unemployment rate. 

No changes were made to either the establishment or household survey estimation procedures for the 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2015 – September 2017

Percent Thousands

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Sep-15 Dec -15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec -16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2015 – September 2017

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17
-2- 

September figures. For both surveys, collection rates generally were within normal ranges, both 

nationally and in the affected states. In the establishment survey, employees who are not paid for the pay 

period that includes the 12th of the month are not counted as employed. In the household survey, 

persons with a job are counted as employed even if they miss work for the entire survey reference week 

(the week including the 12th of the month), regardless of whether or not they are paid. For both surveys, 

national estimates do not include Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands. 

Further discussion of the impact of the recent hurricanes on the September estimates can be found in the 

Commissioner’s Statement on the Employment Situation, at www.bls.gov/news.release/jec.nr0.htm. 

For additional information on how severe weather affects employment data, see Question 8 in the 

Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release. 

BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment on October 20, 2017, at 

10:00 a.m. (EDT). 

Household Survey Data 

The unemployment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 4.2 percent in September, and the number 

of unemployed persons declined by 331,000 to 6.8 million. Both measures were down over the year. 

(See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.9 percent) and Blacks (7.0 

percent) declined in September. The jobless rates for adult women (3.9 percent), teenagers (12.9 

percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Asians (3.7 percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little change. 

(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

in September at 1.7 million and accounted for 25.5 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The employment-population ratio increased by 0.3 percentage point to 60.4 percent in September and 

has increased by 0.6 percentage point over the past 12 months. The labor force participation rate, at 

63.1 percent, changed little over the month and has shown little movement over the year. (See 

table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.1 million in September. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut 

back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In September, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 275,000 from 

a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 421,000 discouraged workers in September, down by 

132,000 from a year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because 
-3- 

they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the 

labor force in September had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family 

responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in September (-33,000), after adding an average 

of 172,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. In September, a steep employment decline in food 

services and drinking places and below-trend growth in some other industries likely reflected the impact 

of Hurricanes Irma and Harvey. Employment rose in health care and in transportation and warehousing. 

(See table B-1.) 

Employment in food services and drinking places dropped sharply in September (-105,000), as many 

workers were off payrolls due to the recent hurricanes. Over the prior 12 months, food services and 

drinking places had added an average of 24,000 jobs per month. 

In September, health care added 23,000 jobs, in line with its average monthly gain over the prior 12 

months (+27,000). The employment increase in ambulatory health care services (+25,000) was partially 

offset by a decline in nursing care facilities (-9,000). 

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 22,000 in September. Job gains 

occurred in warehousing and storage (+5,000), couriers and messengers (+4,000), and air transportation 

(+3,000). 

Employment in financial activities changed little in September (+10,000). A job gain in insurance 

carriers and related activities (+11,000) largely reflected hurricane-recovery efforts. The gain was partly 

offset by losses in activities related to credit intermediation (-4,000) and in commercial banking 

 (-3,000). Over the year, financial activities has added 149,000 jobs. 

In September, employment in professional and business services was little changed (+13,000). Over 

the prior 12 months, job growth in the industry had averaged 50,000 per month. 

Manufacturing employment was essentially unchanged in September (-1,000). From a recent 

employment trough in November 2016 through August of this year, the industry had added an average 

of 14,000 jobs per month. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, construction, wholesale trade, retail trade, 

information, and government, showed little change over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

September. In manufacturing, the workweek also was unchanged at 40.7 hours, and overtime held 

steady at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private 

nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents 

to $26.55. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 74 cents, or 2.9 percent. 

In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees

increased by 9 cents to $22.23. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 
-4- 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised down from +189,000 to 

+138,000, and the change for August was revised up from +156,000 to +169,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in July and August combined were 38,000 less than previously reported. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have 

averaged 91,000 over the past 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 3, 2017, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Change from:

Aug. 2017-

Sept. 2017

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 254,091 255,151 255,357 255,562 205

Civilian labor force........................................................... 159,830 160,494 160,571 161,146 575

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.9 62.9 62.9 63.1 0.2

Employed................................................................... 151,926 153,513 153,439 154,345 906

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.8 60.2 60.1 60.4 0.3

Unemployed............................................................... 7,904 6,981 7,132 6,801 -331

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,261 94,657 94,785 94,417 -368

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.6 4.0 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 15.9 13.2 13.6 12.9 -0.7

White.......................................................................... 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 8.3 7.4 7.7 7.0 -0.7

Asian.......................................................................... 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.7 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.4 5.1 5.2 5.1 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 8.5 6.9 6.0 6.5 0.5

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.2 4.5 5.1 4.3 -0.8

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,930 3,378 3,523 3,359 -164

Job leavers...................................................................... 900 757 804 738 -66

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,327 2,083 2,132 2,079 -53

New entrants.................................................................... 802 703 656 669 13

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,584 2,133 2,222 2,226 4

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,220 2,017 2,015 1,874 -141

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,164 957 1,055 963 -92

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,963 1,785 1,740 1,733 -7

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,874 5,282 5,255 5,122 -133

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,587 3,161 3,266 3,121 -145

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,972 1,754 1,645 1,733 88

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,742 21,260 21,447 21,011 -436

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,844 1,629 1,548 1,569 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 553 536 448 421 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 138 169 -33

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 133 164 -40

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 -20 66 9

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 6 2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 -9 19 8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12 -11 41 -1

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10 -18 33 4

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.2 -27.1 23.9 -3.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 7 8 -5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 153 98 -49

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 4.3 1.8 6.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 -10.8 -7.3 -2.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.7 7.7 8.0 21.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 -0.7 -0.3 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -3 -4 -9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 11 8 10

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 43 43 13

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 12.9 7.5 5.9

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 51 45 27

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 38.2 20.9 13.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 50 0 -111

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1 4 -5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5 5 7

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 164 172 91

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 164 168 86

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.81 $26.39 $26.43 $26.55

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $887.86 $907.82 $909.19 $913.32

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.8 107.2 107.4 107.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.6 135.3 135.7 136.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 63.2 60.2 55.7

Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 60.9 66.0 50.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 634,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,091 255,357 255,562 254,091 254,767 254,957 255,151 255,357 255,562

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,636 160,863 161,049 159,830 159,784 160,145 160,494 160,571 161,146

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.0 63.0 62.9 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.9 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,977 153,576 154,494 151,926 152,923 153,168 153,513 153,439 154,345

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 60.1 60.5 59.8 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,658 7,287 6,556 7,904 6,861 6,977 6,981 7,132 6,801

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.5 4.1 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,456 94,494 94,513 94,261 94,983 94,813 94,657 94,785 94,417

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,753 5,852 5,415 6,082 5,561 5,431 5,420 5,844 5,628

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,775 123,413 123,516 122,775 123,120 123,215 123,311 123,413 123,516

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,996 85,633 85,516 85,042 84,896 84,992 84,989 85,137 85,520

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 69.4 69.2 69.3 69.0 69.0 68.9 69.0 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,952 81,975 82,119 80,735 81,290 81,290 81,273 81,310 81,883

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 66.4 66.5 65.8 66.0 66.0 65.9 65.9 66.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,043 3,659 3,397 4,307 3,606 3,702 3,715 3,826 3,636

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.3 4.0 5.1 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,779 37,780 37,999 37,732 38,224 38,223 38,323 38,277 37,996

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,289 114,918 115,020 114,289 114,627 114,721 114,817 114,918 115,020

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,020 82,474 82,633 81,988 81,942 81,975 82,108 82,252 82,569

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.8 71.8 71.7 71.5 71.5 71.5 71.6 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,459 79,255 79,662 78,191 78,801 78,707 78,830 78,847 79,377

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 69.0 69.3 68.4 68.7 68.6 68.7 68.6 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,561 3,219 2,972 3,798 3,141 3,268 3,278 3,405 3,192

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.9 3.6 4.6 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,269 32,445 32,387 32,301 32,685 32,746 32,709 32,666 32,451

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,317 131,943 132,047 131,317 131,647 131,742 131,840 131,943 132,047

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,640 75,230 75,533 74,788 74,887 75,153 75,505 75,435 75,626

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 57.0 57.2 57.0 56.9 57.0 57.3 57.2 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,025 71,601 72,375 71,191 71,633 71,878 72,240 72,129 72,461

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 54.3 54.8 54.2 54.4 54.6 54.8 54.7 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,615 3,628 3,158 3,597 3,255 3,274 3,265 3,306 3,165

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,677 56,713 56,514 56,529 56,759 56,590 56,334 56,509 56,421

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,066 123,679 123,781 123,066 123,386 123,480 123,577 123,679 123,781

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,902 72,045 72,670 71,856 71,988 72,149 72,526 72,425 72,569

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 58.3 58.7 58.4 58.3 58.4 58.7 58.6 58.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,709 68,835 69,820 68,702 69,105 69,241 69,599 69,500 69,737

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 55.7 56.4 55.8 56.0 56.1 56.3 56.2 56.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,193 3,210 2,849 3,154 2,883 2,907 2,927 2,925 2,831

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.5 3.9 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,164 51,634 51,111 51,210 51,398 51,332 51,051 51,254 51,212

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,737 16,759 16,761 16,737 16,754 16,756 16,757 16,759 16,761

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,714 6,344 5,746 5,987 5,854 6,021 5,860 5,895 6,008

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 37.9 34.3 35.8 34.9 35.9 35.0 35.2 35.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,810 5,487 5,011 5,034 5,017 5,220 5,084 5,092 5,230

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 32.7 29.9 30.1 29.9 31.2 30.3 30.4 31.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 858 735 953 837 801 775 803 778

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 13.5 12.8 15.9 14.3 13.3 13.2 13.6 12.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,023 10,415 11,015 10,750 10,901 10,735 10,898 10,865 10,753

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,509 199,082 199,191 198,509 198,775 198,872 198,974 199,082 199,191

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,689 125,280 125,320 124,826 124,481 124,890 124,968 125,037 125,393

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.8 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,465 120,365 120,857 119,391 119,896 120,091 120,262 120,209 120,753

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 60.5 60.7 60.1 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,223 4,915 4,463 5,435 4,585 4,799 4,706 4,828 4,641

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 3.6 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,820 73,802 73,871 73,683 74,294 73,982 74,006 74,046 73,797

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,326 65,455 65,412 65,283 65,217 65,225 65,141 65,262 65,339

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 71.9 71.8 72.0 71.8 71.8 71.6 71.7 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,834 63,281 63,378 62,589 62,999 62,886 62,904 62,961 63,143

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 69.5 69.6 69.0 69.3 69.2 69.2 69.2 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,491 2,174 2,034 2,693 2,218 2,339 2,238 2,301 2,196

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.3 3.1 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,883 54,980 55,501 54,871 54,785 55,015 55,393 55,282 55,476

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.4 57.9 57.5 57.3 57.5 57.9 57.7 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,789 52,797 53,577 52,799 52,927 53,100 53,420 53,286 53,551

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.2 55.9 55.3 55.4 55.5 55.8 55.7 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,094 2,183 1,924 2,072 1,858 1,915 1,973 1,996 1,925

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,480 4,845 4,407 4,672 4,479 4,650 4,433 4,492 4,578

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 39.3 35.7 37.8 36.3 37.7 35.9 36.4 37.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,842 4,288 3,902 4,002 3,970 4,105 3,938 3,962 4,058

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 34.7 31.6 32.4 32.2 33.3 31.9 32.1 32.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 557 505 670 508 545 495 530 520

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 11.5 11.5 14.3 11.4 11.7 11.2 11.8 11.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,987 32,296 32,333 31,987 32,193 32,226 32,260 32,296 32,333

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,789 20,142 20,227 19,826 20,075 20,002 20,096 20,092 20,232

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.4 62.6 62.0 62.4 62.1 62.3 62.2 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,168 18,542 18,842 18,181 18,560 18,576 18,617 18,544 18,819

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 57.4 58.3 56.8 57.7 57.6 57.7 57.4 58.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,620 1,600 1,385 1,646 1,515 1,426 1,479 1,548 1,413

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 7.9 6.8 8.3 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.7 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,199 12,154 12,106 12,161 12,118 12,224 12,163 12,204 12,101

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,021 9,214 9,315 9,000 9,063 9,084 9,163 9,205 9,279

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 68.3 69.0 67.5 67.5 67.5 68.0 68.2 68.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,306 8,521 8,708 8,264 8,475 8,510 8,522 8,487 8,654

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 63.2 64.5 62.0 63.1 63.3 63.3 62.9 64.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 693 606 736 588 574 641 718 625

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.5 6.5 8.2 6.5 6.3 7.0 7.8 6.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,069 10,108 10,153 10,074 10,224 10,143 10,170 10,127 10,149

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.0 62.2 62.4 62.9 62.4 62.5 62.1 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,361 9,405 9,549 9,370 9,513 9,455 9,511 9,474 9,541

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 57.7 58.5 58.0 58.6 58.1 58.4 58.1 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 703 604 703 712 689 660 653 608

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.0 5.9 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.4 6.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 820 759 752 787 774 763 760 804

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 32.7 30.2 29.9 31.3 30.8 30.4 30.3 32.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 617 584 546 572 611 585 583 624

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 24.6 23.3 21.7 22.8 24.3 23.3 23.2 24.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 204 174 206 215 163 178 178 180

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 24.8 23.0 27.4 27.3 21.1 23.3 23.4 22.4

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,310 15,341 15,483 15,310 15,433 15,367 15,290 15,341 15,483

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,717 9,894 9,973 9,760 9,826 9,792 9,789 9,886 10,005

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 64.5 64.4 63.7 63.7 63.7 64.0 64.4 64.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,350 9,498 9,619 9,381 9,471 9,443 9,418 9,489 9,638

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 61.9 62.1 61.3 61.4 61.4 61.6 61.9 62.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 396 353 379 356 350 370 397 366

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,593 5,446 5,510 5,550 5,607 5,575 5,502 5,455 5,478

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 40,919 41,492 41,579 40,919 41,241 41,323 41,404 41,492 41,579

Civilian labor force................................ 27,019 27,335 27,599 27,063 27,239 27,290 27,487 27,322 27,633

Participation rate............................... 66.0 65.9 66.4 66.1 66.0 66.0 66.4 65.8 66.5

Employed....................................... 25,366 25,922 26,270 25,331 25,833 25,974 26,078 25,914 26,229

Employment-population ratio............... 62.0 62.5 63.2 61.9 62.6 62.9 63.0 62.5 63.1

Unemployed.................................... 1,653 1,413 1,329 1,732 1,405 1,315 1,409 1,408 1,404

Unemployment rate......................... 6.1 5.2 4.8 6.4 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.1

Not in labor force................................. 13,901 14,157 13,980 13,856 14,003 14,034 13,917 14,170 13,946

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,837 15,038 15,124 14,833 14,936 14,976 15,085 15,017 15,119

Participation rate............................... 80.4 80.5 80.8 80.4 80.4 80.5 80.9 80.4 80.8

Employed....................................... 14,109 14,367 14,584 14,035 14,304 14,414 14,425 14,298 14,507

Employment-population ratio............... 76.5 76.9 77.9 76.1 77.0 77.5 77.4 76.5 77.5

Unemployed.................................... 728 670 540 798 632 562 660 719 612

Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.5 3.6 5.4 4.2 3.8 4.4 4.8 4.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,988 11,028 11,251 11,001 11,062 11,030 11,176 11,091 11,256

Participation rate............................... 58.8 58.2 59.2 58.9 58.7 58.4 59.1 58.5 59.2

Employed....................................... 10,278 10,481 10,630 10,296 10,461 10,451 10,580 10,570 10,643

Employment-population ratio............... 55.0 55.3 55.9 55.1 55.5 55.4 55.9 55.8 56.0

Unemployed.................................... 710 547 621 705 601 579 596 521 613

Unemployment rate......................... 6.5 5.0 5.5 6.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,193 1,269 1,224 1,229 1,240 1,284 1,227 1,214 1,258

Participation rate............................... 31.4 32.9 31.7 32.4 32.3 33.4 31.9 31.5 32.6

Employed....................................... 979 1,073 1,056 1,000 1,068 1,110 1,073 1,046 1,078

Employment-population ratio............... 25.8 27.9 27.4 26.3 27.8 28.9 27.9 27.1 27.9

Unemployed.................................... 215 196 168 229 172 174 154 169 179

Unemployment rate......................... 18.0 15.4 13.7 18.6 13.9 13.6 12.5 13.9 14.3

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,763 10,499 10,611 10,803 10,299 10,304 10,570 10,565 10,575

Participation rate.................................. 45.4 45.9 46.4 45.6 45.1 45.3 47.3 46.2 46.3

Employed.......................................... 9,939 9,924 9,985 9,881 9,671 9,649 9,842 9,933 9,891

Employment-population ratio................. 41.9 43.4 43.7 41.7 42.3 42.4 44.0 43.4 43.3

Unemployed....................................... 824 575 626 922 628 655 728 632 684

Unemployment rate............................ 7.7 5.5 5.9 8.5 6.1 6.4 6.9 6.0 6.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,955 36,098 36,147 35,720 35,909 35,850 35,648 35,931 35,904

Participation rate.................................. 57.8 57.9 57.8 57.4 57.6 57.8 57.7 57.6 57.4

Employed.......................................... 34,171 34,278 34,676 33,877 34,211 34,196 34,038 34,106 34,367

Employment-population ratio................. 54.9 55.0 55.4 54.4 54.9 55.2 55.1 54.7 54.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,784 1,821 1,471 1,843 1,697 1,653 1,610 1,825 1,537

Unemployment rate............................ 5.0 5.0 4.1 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.5 5.1 4.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,820 37,076 37,583 37,963 37,433 37,579 37,475 37,388 37,659

Participation rate.................................. 66.9 65.3 65.9 67.2 65.9 65.6 65.4 65.9 66.1

Employed.......................................... 36,258 35,617 36,249 36,378 35,941 36,150 36,077 35,978 36,306

Employment-population ratio................. 64.1 62.7 63.6 64.4 63.3 63.1 63.0 63.4 63.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,562 1,458 1,333 1,584 1,492 1,429 1,397 1,411 1,353

Unemployment rate............................ 4.1 3.9 3.5 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 54,279 55,222 55,711 54,310 55,039 55,283 55,696 55,595 55,655

Participation rate.................................. 74.1 73.4 74.2 74.2 73.8 73.9 73.7 73.9 74.2

Employed.......................................... 52,916 53,720 54,464 52,942 53,760 53,982 54,378 54,250 54,395

Employment-population ratio................. 72.3 71.4 72.6 72.3 72.1 72.2 72.0 72.1 72.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,363 1,503 1,247 1,367 1,278 1,302 1,318 1,345 1,260

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,832 20,511 18,815 18,477 2,017 2,034

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,652 10,373 9,369 9,085 1,283 1,288

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 50.6 49.8 49.2 63.6 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,191 10,063 8,959 8,834 1,233 1,230

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 49.1 47.6 47.8 61.1 60.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 309 411 251 50 58

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.0 4.4 2.8 3.9 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,180 10,138 9,446 9,392 734 746

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,935 4,119 3,235 3,373 701 746

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,170 3,306 2,650 2,769 520 537

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.5 80.3 81.9 82.1 74.2 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,030 3,176 2,523 2,675 507 500

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 77.1 78.0 79.3 72.4 67.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 131 127 94 12 37

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.9 4.8 3.4 2.3 6.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 813 585 604 181 209

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,359 3,389 2,854 2,896 504 493

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,757 2,749 2,366 2,361 391 388

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.1 81.1 82.9 81.5 77.6 78.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,646 2,679 2,271 2,307 376 372

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.8 79.0 79.6 79.6 74.5 75.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 71 95 55 16 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.6 4.0 2.3 4.0 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 640 488 535 113 105

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,407 7,992 8,106 7,703 301 289

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,127 1,830 2,051 1,757 76 73

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 22.9 25.3 22.8 25.3 25.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,053 1,784 1,977 1,711 76 73

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 22.3 24.4 22.2 25.1 25.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 46 74 46 1 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.5 3.6 2.6 0.7 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,280 6,162 6,055 5,946 225 216

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,131 5,011 4,620 4,505 511 506

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,598 2,487 2,302 2,198 295 290

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.6 49.6 49.8 48.8 57.8 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,462 2,425 2,188 2,140 274 284

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 48.4 47.4 47.5 53.5 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 63 114 57 22 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 2.5 5.0 2.6 7.4 1.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,533 2,524 2,318 2,307 216 216

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,233 225,860 99,452 100,353 124,781 125,507

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,789 148,380 74,586 75,362 72,203 73,018

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.7 75.0 75.1 57.9 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,919 142,394 71,122 72,353 68,797 70,041

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 63.0 71.5 72.1 55.1 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,870 5,986 3,465 3,009 3,406 2,977

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.0 4.6 4.0 4.7 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,444 77,480 24,866 24,991 52,578 52,489

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,421 30,635 223,670 224,927

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,027 6,481 153,609 154,568

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.8 21.2 68.7 68.7

Employed............................................................................. 5,502 5,994 146,475 148,499

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.1 19.6 65.5 66.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 525 487 7,134 6,068

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.7 7.5 4.6 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,395 24,154 70,061 70,359

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,615 2,866 77,114 77,168

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.1 35.8 82.6 82.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,383 2,645 73,513 74,141

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.2 33.0 78.8 79.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 232 221 3,601 3,027

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.9 7.7 4.7 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,277 5,144 16,202 16,044

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,312 2,356 68,184 68,889

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.8 30.4 70.7 71.2

Employed............................................................................. 2,063 2,153 64,962 66,094

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.7 27.8 67.3 68.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 249 203 3,222 2,794

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.8 8.6 4.7 4.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,702 5,393 28,319 27,830

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,100 1,260 8,311 8,512

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.6 8.5 24.6 24.3

Employed............................................................................. 1,056 1,197 8,000 8,264

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.3 8.0 23.6 23.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 44 63 311 247

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.0 5.0 3.7 2.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,417 13,617 25,540 26,485

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,785 41,642 20,170 20,308 21,615 21,334

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,345 27,846 15,601 16,058 11,743 11,788

Participation rate.................................................. 65.4 66.9 77.3 79.1 54.3 55.3

Employed.......................................................... 26,146 26,754 15,065 15,529 11,080 11,225

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.6 64.2 74.7 76.5 51.3 52.6

Unemployed....................................................... 1,199 1,092 536 529 663 563

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.3 5.6 4.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,441 13,796 4,569 4,250 9,871 9,546

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 212,306 213,920 102,604 103,207 109,702 110,713

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,291 133,203 69,394 69,458 62,897 63,745

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.3 67.6 67.3 57.3 57.6

Employed.......................................................... 125,832 127,739 65,887 66,590 59,944 61,149

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.3 59.7 64.2 64.5 54.6 55.2

Unemployed....................................................... 6,460 5,464 3,507 2,868 2,952 2,596

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.9 4.1 5.1 4.1 4.7 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,015 80,717 33,210 33,749 46,805 46,968

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,526 2,508 2,367 2,429 2,507 2,457 2,317 2,339 2,307

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,623 1,750 1,616 1,522 1,645 1,611 1,582 1,584 1,547

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 879 745 732 890 833 818 708 722 746

Unpaid family workers........................... 24 13 19 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 149,451 151,068 152,126 149,526 150,417 150,848 151,208 151,143 152,093

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 140,780 142,368 143,214 140,739 141,849 141,989 142,714 142,466 143,106

Government..................................... 20,708 20,479 20,873 20,809 20,772 20,868 21,052 21,080 20,947

Private industries............................... 120,073 121,889 122,341 119,990 121,096 121,053 121,627 121,366 122,188

Private households.......................... 715 670 583 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 119,358 121,220 121,758 119,241 120,441 120,457 120,964 120,712 121,570

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,607 8,631 8,871 8,599 8,550 8,753 8,475 8,602 8,856

Unpaid family workers........................... 64 69 42 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,550 5,204 4,818 5,874 5,219 5,326 5,282 5,255 5,122

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,376 3,214 2,908 3,587 3,082 3,286 3,161 3,266 3,121

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,921 1,564 1,702 1,972 1,789 1,727 1,754 1,645 1,733

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,782 19,405 21,001 20,742 21,020 20,791 21,260 21,447 21,011

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,468 5,130 4,740 5,770 5,154 5,282 5,231 5,179 5,032

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,316 3,158 2,864 3,510 3,045 3,249 3,137 3,217 3,071

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,914 1,558 1,682 1,959 1,776 1,720 1,739 1,633 1,713

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,419 19,066 20,677 20,409 20,677 20,443 20,909 21,087 20,689

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,977 153,576 154,494 151,926 152,923 153,168 153,513 153,439 154,345

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,810 5,487 5,011 5,034 5,017 5,220 5,084 5,092 5,230

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,867 2,151 2,036 1,832 1,888 1,931 1,816 1,918 1,983

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,943 3,336 2,975 3,186 3,145 3,285 3,265 3,165 3,229

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,168 148,089 149,482 146,892 147,906 147,949 148,429 148,347 149,114

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,883 14,551 14,108 14,004 14,177 13,992 14,199 14,209 14,235

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,285 133,538 135,375 132,845 133,647 134,010 134,349 134,125 134,845

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,580 98,289 99,686 98,205 98,481 98,666 98,906 98,559 99,222

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,094 34,242 34,793 33,979 34,160 34,404 34,500 34,310 34,655

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,736 31,770 32,232 31,567 31,794 31,913 31,889 31,824 32,035

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,750 32,277 32,661 32,659 32,527 32,349 32,517 32,425 32,533

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,705 35,249 35,688 34,641 35,166 35,344 35,442 35,566 35,622

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,952 81,975 82,119 80,735 81,290 81,290 81,273 81,310 81,883

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,494 2,720 2,457 2,545 2,489 2,583 2,443 2,463 2,506

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 1,027 932 840 884 893 798 883 903

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,622 1,693 1,525 1,714 1,614 1,677 1,643 1,574 1,609

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,459 79,255 79,662 78,191 78,801 78,707 78,830 78,847 79,377

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,134 7,627 7,263 7,188 7,335 7,240 7,351 7,369 7,326

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,324 71,628 72,398 70,969 71,422 71,488 71,551 71,470 72,002

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,775 52,686 53,247 52,515 52,678 52,657 52,692 52,531 52,956

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,313 18,482 18,684 18,237 18,362 18,425 18,473 18,420 18,599

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,076 17,141 17,361 16,979 17,169 17,226 17,129 17,085 17,255

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,386 17,063 17,202 17,299 17,147 17,006 17,091 17,026 17,102

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,549 18,942 19,152 18,454 18,743 18,831 18,858 18,939 19,047

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,025 71,601 72,375 71,191 71,633 71,878 72,240 72,129 72,461

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,316 2,767 2,554 2,489 2,528 2,637 2,641 2,629 2,724

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 1,124 1,104 992 1,004 1,038 1,018 1,036 1,080

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321 1,643 1,450 1,472 1,531 1,608 1,621 1,591 1,620

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,709 68,835 69,820 68,702 69,105 69,241 69,599 69,500 69,737

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,749 6,925 6,844 6,816 6,842 6,752 6,849 6,841 6,909

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,960 61,910 62,976 61,877 62,226 62,522 62,798 62,655 62,842

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,804 45,603 46,440 45,690 45,803 46,010 46,214 46,027 46,267

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,780 15,760 16,110 15,743 15,798 15,980 16,027 15,890 16,056

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,660 14,630 14,871 14,588 14,624 14,687 14,760 14,739 14,780

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,364 15,213 15,460 15,359 15,380 15,343 15,427 15,399 15,431

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,156 16,307 16,536 16,187 16,423 16,513 16,584 16,628 16,576

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,872 45,370 45,846 45,647 45,784 45,913 45,574 45,327 45,646

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,675 34,966 35,696 35,495 36,121 35,803 35,946 35,475 35,571

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,958 9,573 9,673 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,728 127,353 127,235 124,253 125,620 125,975 125,921 125,755 126,690

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,250 26,223 27,259 27,684 27,366 27,142 27,535 27,569 27,650

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,846 6,961 7,359 7,845 7,589 7,639 7,589 7,346 7,366

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,734 5,829 5,974 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,486 9,376 9,602 9,488 9,383 9,571 9,183 9,325 9,603

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,904 7,132 6,801 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 953 803 778 15.9 14.3 13.3 13.2 13.6 12.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 385 329 313 17.4 13.1 13.9 15.5 14.7 13.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 574 477 472 15.3 14.6 13.2 11.6 13.1 12.8

20 years and over................................ 6,951 6,330 6,023 4.5 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,246 1,092 1,160 8.2 6.7 7.5 7.4 7.1 7.5

25 years and over.............................. 5,734 5,267 4,877 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.5

25 to 54 years............................... 4,426 4,090 3,684 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.6

25 to 34 years............................. 1,839 1,761 1,588 5.1 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 1,367 1,135 1,051 4.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.2

45 to 54 years............................. 1,220 1,194 1,045 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.1

55 years and over........................... 1,280 1,165 1,175 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,307 3,826 3,636 5.1 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 509 422 444 16.7 15.7 14.4 15.2 14.6 15.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 199 156 164 19.1 13.7 14.4 17.9 15.0 15.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 317 271 289 15.6 16.4 14.8 13.4 14.7 15.2

20 years and over................................ 3,798 3,405 3,192 4.6 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 731 610 692 9.2 7.9 8.4 8.0 7.6 8.6

25 years and over.............................. 3,094 2,799 2,518 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 2,346 2,169 1,907 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 995 966 842 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.3

35 to 44 years............................. 728 581 519 4.1 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 622 621 545 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.1

55 years and over........................... 748 630 611 3.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,597 3,306 3,165 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 444 381 333 15.1 12.8 12.2 11.3 12.7 10.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 187 173 149 15.8 12.6 13.5 13.5 14.3 12.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 258 207 184 14.9 12.6 11.3 9.7 11.5 10.2

20 years and over................................ 3,154 2,925 2,831 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 515 482 468 7.0 5.3 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,640 2,467 2,359 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6

25 to 54 years............................... 2,080 1,921 1,777 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.7

25 to 34 years............................. 844 794 745 5.1 5.1 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 638 554 532 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5

45 to 54 years............................. 598 573 500 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.2 3.6 3.1

55 years and over........................... 560 533 571 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,343 1,217 1,059 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.3

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,098 1,039 915 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5

Women who maintain families2.................... 680 742 672 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.8 7.2 6.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,486 5,861 5,556 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.2

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,435 1,271 1,230 4.9 4.8 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,536 3,536 2,992 3,930 3,327 3,444 3,378 3,523 3,359

On temporary layoff.............................. 694 1,051 568 1,068 814 900 1,044 1,032 895

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,842 2,485 2,424 2,862 2,513 2,545 2,334 2,490 2,464

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,968 1,788 1,742 1,963 1,741 1,758 1,676 1,799 1,759

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 874 697 682 899 772 787 658 691 705

Job leavers........................................... 991 874 805 900 804 820 757 804 738

Reentrants............................................ 2,367 2,151 2,127 2,327 2,100 2,043 2,083 2,132 2,079

New entrants......................................... 764 725 631 802 656 682 703 656 669

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 46.2 48.5 45.6 49.4 48.3 49.3 48.8 49.5 49.1

On temporary layoff.............................. 9.1 14.4 8.7 13.4 11.8 12.9 15.1 14.5 13.1

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.1 34.1 37.0 36.0 36.5 36.4 33.7 35.0 36.0

Job leavers........................................... 12.9 12.0 12.3 11.3 11.7 11.7 10.9 11.3 10.8

Reentrants............................................ 30.9 29.5 32.4 29.2 30.5 29.2 30.1 30.0 30.4

New entrants......................................... 10.0 10.0 9.6 10.1 9.5 9.8 10.2 9.2 9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,562 2,199 2,227 2,584 2,154 2,305 2,133 2,222 2,226

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,092 2,411 1,740 2,220 1,960 1,933 2,017 2,015 1,874

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,004 2,677 2,589 3,127 2,820 2,612 2,742 2,795 2,696

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,083 936 889 1,164 1,157 948 957 1,055 963

27 weeks and over............................... 1,921 1,741 1,700 1,963 1,663 1,664 1,785 1,740 1,733

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 27.2 23.7 26.9 27.3 24.7 24.7 24.9 24.4 26.8

Median duration, in weeks......................... 10.2 10.1 10.3 10.3 10.4 9.6 10.6 10.5 10.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 33.5 30.2 34.0 32.6 31.1 33.6 30.9 31.6 32.8

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 27.3 33.1 26.5 28.0 28.3 28.2 29.3 28.7 27.6

15 weeks and over.................................. 39.2 36.7 39.5 39.4 40.7 38.1 39.8 39.7 39.7

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.1 12.8 13.6 14.7 16.7 13.8 13.9 15.0 14.2

27 weeks and over............................... 25.1 23.9 25.9 24.7 24.0 24.3 25.9 24.7 25.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 151,977 154,494 7,658 6,556 4.8 4.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 59,599 60,990 1,652 1,463 2.7 2.3

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,729 25,309 708 636 2.8 2.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,870 35,681 944 827 2.6 2.3

Service occupations................................................ 27,100 27,429 1,690 1,414 5.9 4.9

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,435 33,697 1,614 1,415 4.6 4.0

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,704 15,798 855 605 5.2 3.7

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,731 17,899 760 810 4.1 4.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,106 14,110 772 746 5.2 5.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,159 1,155 116 105 9.1 8.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,101 8,010 489 470 5.7 5.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,845 4,945 167 171 3.3 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,738 18,268 1,151 873 6.1 4.6

Production occupations.......................................... 8,261 8,282 561 405 6.4 4.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,477 9,986 590 468 5.9 4.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,658 6,556 4.8 4.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,828 5,063 4.6 4.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 43 24 5.7 3.0

Construction.......................................................................... 474 433 5.2 4.7

Manufacturing........................................................................ 668 587 4.2 3.8

Durable goods..................................................................... 410 365 4.1 3.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 258 221 4.3 3.9

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,002 843 5.0 4.1

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 283 282 4.3 4.1

Information............................................................................ 139 141 5.2 5.1

Financial activities................................................................... 296 240 3.0 2.5

Professional and business services............................................... 902 723 5.3 4.1

Education and health services..................................................... 860 804 3.7 3.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 917 708 6.5 5.0

Other services........................................................................ 245 280 3.7 4.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 139 111 8.1 6.7

Government workers................................................................... 538 438 2.5 2.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 389 312 3.9 3.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.8 4.5 4.1 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.1 4.8 4.3 5.3 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.9 5.4 5.0 6.0 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.3 8.6 8.0 9.7 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2016

Sept.

2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,456 94,513 37,779 37,999 56,677 56,514

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,753 5,415 2,745 2,494 3,008 2,922

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,844 1,569 993 798 851 772

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 553 421 321 275 232 146

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,292 1,148 672 522 619 625

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,846 7,359 3,691 3,699 4,154 3,660

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.5 5.8 5.1

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,298 4,053 2,358 2,236 1,939 1,816

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,087 2,040 637 753 1,451 1,287

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 319 305 195 190 124 115

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,065 923 470 502 595 421

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Change

from:

Aug.2017 -

Sept.2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,084 146,288 146,540 146,880 144,882 146,523 146,692 146,659 -33

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,847 125,240 125,301 124,604 122,566 124,198 124,362 124,322 -40

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,983 20,352 20,444 20,335 19,718 20,004 20,070 20,079 9

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 723 729 729 661 713 719 721 2

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 51.2 50.9 50.6 50.7 49.6 49.0 49.2 0.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.9 671.8 677.6 678.1 610.2 663.7 669.9 672.2 2.3

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.5 179.9 179.5 181.1 177.7 178.4 178.7 181.0 2.3

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.9 189.5 190.2 189.3 178.7 185.6 186.0 186.7 0.7

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 50.4 51.8 52.2 48.6 50.8 51.6 52.1 0.5

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.7 39.4 39.1 39.3 39.3 39.2 39.2 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.3 99.4 99.0 98.0 90.8 95.5 95.2 95.4 0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256.5 302.4 307.9 307.7 253.8 299.7 305.2 304.5 -0.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,943 7,143 7,171 7,116 6,727 6,884 6,903 6,911 8

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528.3 1,567.6 1,571.6 1,562.1 1,494.3 1,522.5 1,526.9 1,527.8 0.9

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.5 786.3 783.2 773.9 746.4 761.6 761.0 757.1 -3.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763.8 781.3 788.4 788.2 747.9 760.9 765.9 770.7 4.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,002.5 1,032.5 1,039.9 1,033.6 941.1 972.3 974.1 972.5 -1.6

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,411.7 4,542.7 4,559.1 4,520.5 4,291.6 4,389.1 4,401.7 4,410.6 8.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,924.5 2,000.9 2,008.1 1,984.9 1,865.9 1,926.4 1,935.4 1,935.8 0.4

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,487.2 2,541.8 2,551.0 2,535.6 2,425.7 2,462.7 2,466.3 2,474.8 8.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,372 12,486 12,544 12,490 12,330 12,407 12,448 12,447 -1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,702 7,765 7,805 7,784 7,693 7,738 7,771 7,775 4

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.9 397.9 399.5 394.5 391.3 394.0 394.3 392.8 -1.5

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.1 423.5 424.5 421.8 408.0 414.6 415.6 415.0 -0.6

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.2 385.0 385.3 383.3 375.4 384.4 384.2 382.4 -1.8

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417.2 1,449.6 1,449.0 1,449.3 1,418.6 1,443.4 1,446.3 1,450.1 3.8

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073.3 1,099.1 1,100.0 1,096.5 1,074.6 1,093.7 1,096.9 1,098.6 1.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,042.5 1,044.3 1,046.5 1,043.8 1,043.1 1,038.9 1,041.1 1,044.1 3.0

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 163.5 162.7 166.0 166.5 163.8 161.6 164.7 166.4 1.7

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.0 85.6 85.5 84.9 85.2 85.1 85.1 85.0 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.6 363.2 362.3 361.3 364.1 361.4 360.1 361.8 1.7

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.0 398.9 398.9 397.4 394.6 397.0 397.4 397.4 0.0

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 33.9 33.8 33.7 35.5 33.9 33.8 33.6 -0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 382.3 393.1 393.3 392.7 382.1 390.5 391.8 392.5 0.7

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,624.1 1,584.5 1,621.5 1,621.9 1,621.3 1,595.3 1,619.0 1,617.8 -1.2

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940.9 905.2 944.2 942.3 937.6 918.9 942.8 939.6 -3.2

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.3 393.9 393.4 391.3 387.8 391.7 390.8 391.6 0.8

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590.8 593.9 592.1 589.3 591.2 591.2 590.5 590.0 -0.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,670 4,721 4,739 4,706 4,637 4,669 4,677 4,672 -5

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585.5 1,625.0 1,644.3 1,631.4 1,564.1 1,596.5 1,603.1 1,607.3 4.2

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.3 109.0 109.4 110.6 112.9 109.4 109.8 110.8 1.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.6 111.5 111.3 110.2 114.5 110.8 111.0 109.5 -1.5

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.3 119.6 119.1 117.9 130.7 120.9 118.6 116.7 -1.9

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.8 370.2 370.0 367.2 368.8 368.2 368.2 367.6 -0.6

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 444.2 439.3 439.2 434.8 444.1 438.1 438.7 435.1 -3.6

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3 115.5 115.6 114.5 111.9 112.5 112.9 112.8 -0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.8 825.7 822.7 816.2 811.5 819.6 819.3 817.3 -2.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699.2 706.9 709.5 706.5 699.6 703.0 705.9 706.6 0.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288.0 298.5 298.0 297.0 279.2 290.2 289.4 288.6 -0.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,864 104,888 104,857 104,269 102,848 104,194 104,292 104,243 -49

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,186 27,372 27,346 27,277 27,322 27,377 27,379 27,405 26

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,878.3 5,956.1 5,950.5 5,933.1 5,877.5 5,924.3 5,926.1 5,932.8 6.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,930.6 2,973.8 2,971.6 2,964.6 2,930.7 2,957.3 2,957.8 2,965.8 8.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,052.0 2,069.1 2,067.3 2,061.7 2,051.1 2,057.5 2,059.1 2,059.2 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Change

from:

Aug.2017 -

Sept.2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895.7 913.2 911.6 906.8 895.7 909.5 909.2 907.8 -1.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,734.9 15,842.7 15,805.9 15,665.5 15,887.4 15,819.2 15,811.9 15,809.0 -2.9

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,995.7 2,031.8 2,031.2 2,019.4 1,988.6 2,014.3 2,014.6 2,012.9 -1.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,291.0 1,310.6 1,310.6 1,306.4 1,288.2 1,304.8 1,303.8 1,303.3 -0.5

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.5 166.2 164.0 155.1 150.7 155.7 155.9 152.7 -3.2

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 551.2 555.0 556.6 557.9 549.8 553.8 554.9 556.8 1.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 472.3 477.3 478.4 477.5 477.1 482.7 483.4 484.0 0.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 516.6 494.7 494.9 494.1 530.2 503.8 503.9 502.1 -1.8

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,256.1 1,326.3 1,294.5 1,275.1 1,279.1 1,290.1 1,291.3 1,296.6 5.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,093.2 3,105.0 3,093.8 3,060.8 3,096.2 3,075.8 3,074.3 3,067.4 -6.9

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045.4 1,046.3 1,042.6 1,039.1 1,051.8 1,050.2 1,047.8 1,048.0 0.2

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.1 950.9 953.7 947.0 932.4 938.9 939.0 940.5 1.5

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,317.6 1,321.3 1,321.3 1,283.2 1,351.8 1,328.5 1,323.6 1,321.1 -2.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.6 588.0 591.3 590.4 618.7 603.6 601.8 601.2 -0.6

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,126.9 3,099.1 3,103.0 3,079.9 3,188.6 3,131.9 3,133.2 3,130.7 -2.5

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,272.3 1,256.7 1,256.1 1,239.5 1,314.8 1,279.0 1,277.3 1,275.1 -2.2

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,854.6 1,842.4 1,846.9 1,840.4 1,873.9 1,852.9 1,855.8 1,855.6 -0.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832.0 841.1 840.2 834.3 833.2 832.0 830.9 834.4 3.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.4 560.9 561.0 564.7 539.7 567.4 568.1 570.1 2.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,018.1 5,015.1 5,033.9 5,126.4 5,001.0 5,080.7 5,088.7 5,110.5 21.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.0 491.1 493.3 494.4 478.6 487.7 490.4 493.7 3.3

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.1 207.2 207.2 207.2 213.2 207.0 206.7 206.3 -0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 67.6 67.4 66.6 66.0 64.8 65.2 65.9 0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,469.3 1,491.0 1,490.7 1,485.8 1,454.4 1,473.0 1,471.3 1,471.2 -0.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.0 415.5 413.9 495.0 472.6 475.6 473.1 482.5 9.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 47.1 47.0 46.5 49.0 46.9 47.0 46.6 -0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 42.2 48.5 47.3 42.7 35.1 36.3 35.9 35.9 0.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 662.3 669.4 671.3 671.8 660.9 667.8 669.3 670.2 0.9

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.8 630.3 642.0 654.3 645.2 669.6 673.6 677.2 3.6

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928.2 947.4 953.8 962.1 926.0 952.0 956.2 961.0 4.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.1 558.2 555.4 551.8 555.9 553.0 552.7 552.7 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,773 2,735 2,729 2,695 2,786 2,720 2,716 2,707 -9

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 731.4 723.8 721.6 717.0 730.7 720.4 718.8 716.8 -2.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.5 410.1 408.0 385.2 425.0 401.7 399.2 394.6 -4.6

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.6 258.0 257.7 260.1 268.9 259.1 258.7 259.8 1.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794.0 761.5 759.6 755.1 797.4 761.0 759.9 758.0 -1.9

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.8 306.0 304.3 304.2 301.4 304.7 303.9 304.2 0.3

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.5 275.8 277.7 273.2 262.4 273.4 275.6 273.2 -2.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,328 8,538 8,533 8,478 8,324 8,455 8,463 8,473 10

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,157.6 6,289.6 6,286.1 6,257.3 6,167.0 6,259.6 6,262.7 6,267.2 4.5

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.4 19.0 18.8 18.7 18.4 18.8 18.8 18.7 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618.3 2,676.2 2,678.1 2,652.6 2,622.1 2,661.3 2,664.1 2,657.5 -6.6

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,698.6 1,729.2 1,725.9 1,711.5 1,702.9 1,719.7 1,718.4 1,716.9 -1.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306.0 1,324.3 1,322.3 1,310.3 1,308.7 1,317.5 1,316.6 1,313.5 -3.1

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 614.9 631.2 630.9 627.8 614.8 629.3 628.9 628.1 -0.8

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 304.8 315.8 321.3 313.3 304.4 312.3 316.8 312.5 -4.3

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 933.0 959.0 957.8 948.8 932.8 949.8 948.4 948.7 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,587.9 2,635.4 2,631.4 2,637.2 2,593.7 2,629.7 2,631.4 2,642.3 10.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,170.5 2,248.3 2,246.7 2,220.3 2,156.5 2,195.2 2,200.4 2,206.0 5.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,576.8 1,627.9 1,628.6 1,609.8 1,572.3 1,600.4 1,604.1 1,606.2 2.1

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570.4 596.6 594.4 587.4 560.8 571.5 572.9 576.6 3.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.3 23.8 23.7 23.1 23.4 23.3 23.4 23.2 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Change

from:

Aug.2017 -

Sept.2017p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,351 20,873 20,933 20,879 20,279 20,751 20,794 20,807 13

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,864.6 9,162.2 9,157.7 9,098.3 8,956.5 9,156.8 9,174.6 9,186.5 11.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117.7 1,137.2 1,130.2 1,125.0 1,121.3 1,127.0 1,127.7 1,128.6 0.9

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 923.1 942.4 947.1 939.6 997.5 1,005.8 1,009.3 1,010.1 0.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,416.6 1,482.3 1,480.4 1,465.1 1,415.2 1,459.3 1,462.7 1,463.9 1.2

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.4 143.3 139.0 138.4 142.2 142.2 139.2 140.0 0.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,004.8 2,068.4 2,071.1 2,058.9 2,012.6 2,057.8 2,062.7 2,066.9 4.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396.0 1,456.5 1,457.5 1,451.4 1,398.4 1,448.4 1,451.1 1,453.0 1.9

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682.1 716.9 714.2 706.7 686.5 707.4 709.7 711.9 2.2

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.0 491.2 491.4 486.9 491.9 488.7 488.7 487.5 -1.2

Other professional and technical services. . . 692.9 724.0 726.8 726.3 691.0 720.3 723.4 724.7 1.3

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,248.7 2,299.6 2,294.5 2,278.0 2,246.5 2,280.8 2,282.0 2,277.8 -4.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,238.0 9,411.0 9,481.1 9,502.3 9,076.1 9,313.3 9,337.4 9,342.6 5.2

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,828.2 8,989.8 9,059.5 9,083.7 8,669.7 8,901.1 8,922.8 8,926.9 4.1

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.2 526.1 526.9 527.3 499.4 524.7 525.8 527.6 1.8

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.1 144.4 145.5 146.0 141.9 144.6 145.3 145.3 0.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,674.3 3,676.2 3,742.4 3,804.9 3,587.3 3,706.5 3,714.3 3,718.7 4.4

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,013.1 3,004.5 3,066.3 3,126.6 2,940.9 3,040.3 3,047.8 3,053.7 5.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917.2 899.9 906.1 911.4 922.5 914.4 915.9 916.3 0.4

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.8 219.6 219.2 214.1 217.6 215.8 216.5 214.1 -2.4

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 907.9 914.4 922.1 924.8 900.9 916.8 918.7 918.6 -0.1

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,150.1 2,279.7 2,265.6 2,223.8 2,082.2 2,151.1 2,155.5 2,157.3 1.8

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.6 329.5 331.7 331.4 318.0 327.3 330.9 329.2 -1.7

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.8 421.2 421.6 418.6 406.4 412.2 414.6 415.7 1.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,665 22,802 22,857 23,142 22,745 23,145 23,190 23,217 27

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,542.7 3,317.6 3,334.2 3,632.3 3,587.1 3,632.1 3,656.0 3,669.9 13.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,122.7 19,484.5 19,522.3 19,509.9 19,157.9 19,513.3 19,534.2 19,547.3 13.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,490.9 15,796.0 15,816.7 15,809.6 15,499.8 15,773.4 15,795.0 15,817.5 22.5

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,122.0 7,325.0 7,339.8 7,348.8 7,134.8 7,323.0 7,334.0 7,358.7 24.7

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,538.7 2,599.6 2,600.8 2,606.9 2,542.7 2,597.2 2,600.5 2,609.3 8.8

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.8 943.9 945.4 941.7 930.6 942.9 942.8 945.8 3.0

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 866.3 906.0 910.7 907.7 870.0 906.0 908.5 911.7 3.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866.1 911.2 913.9 914.7 867.4 910.3 913.6 916.4 2.8

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 262.4 258.4 260.6 260.6 264.2 258.0 260.3 261.0 0.7

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,371.9 1,410.7 1,413.6 1,419.0 1,371.1 1,413.4 1,414.6 1,417.6 3.0

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289.8 295.2 294.8 298.2 288.8 295.1 293.8 296.8 3.0

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,052.6 5,123.8 5,125.3 5,131.8 5,047.5 5,116.6 5,122.7 5,127.2 4.5

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,316.3 3,347.2 3,351.6 3,329.0 3,317.5 3,333.8 3,338.3 3,331.6 -6.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,647.1 1,640.7 1,643.4 1,628.4 1,644.8 1,634.5 1,637.5 1,628.1 -9.4

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 614.0 624.9 623.5 621.7 614.1 622.2 621.8 622.2 0.4

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891.0 911.1 913.1 910.0 894.2 908.9 909.4 912.5 3.1

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 164.2 170.5 171.6 168.9 164.5 168.2 169.5 168.9 -0.6

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,631.8 3,688.5 3,705.6 3,700.3 3,658.1 3,739.9 3,739.2 3,729.8 -9.4

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,232.8 2,313.2 2,306.2 2,287.3 2,249.6 2,310.8 2,306.6 2,305.1 -1.5

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 162.8 169.0 167.7 167.9 163.6 168.8 168.3 169.0 0.7

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 336.0 343.5 342.2 336.5 337.5 337.6 338.3 337.6 -0.7

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.2 862.8 889.5 908.6 907.3 922.7 926.0 918.1 -7.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,866 16,735 16,653 16,049 15,684 15,984 15,984 15,873 -111

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,297.1 2,636.5 2,565.2 2,318.3 2,235.2 2,274.7 2,269.5 2,263.6 -5.9

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 473.7 492.7 484.8 478.1 457.5 463.5 457.0 459.7 2.7

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.6 187.8 181.6 170.2 161.5 169.3 168.0 168.6 0.6

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,660.8 1,956.0 1,898.8 1,670.0 1,616.2 1,641.9 1,644.5 1,635.3 -9.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,569.3 14,098.2 14,088.2 13,730.6 13,449.2 13,709.0 13,714.5 13,609.1 -105.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Change

from:

Aug.2017 -

Sept.2017p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,990.2 2,114.6 2,095.6 1,992.6 1,950.2 1,957.8 1,954.7 1,954.0 -0.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,579.1 11,983.6 11,992.6 11,738.0 11,499.0 11,751.2 11,759.8 11,655.1 -104.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,695 5,833 5,806 5,749 5,708 5,762 5,766 5,761 -5

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,288.0 1,302.6 1,299.1 1,291.5 1,288.0 1,295.7 1,295.2 1,292.4 -2.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459.4 1,500.3 1,497.2 1,492.1 1,458.5 1,489.0 1,491.3 1,491.7 0.4

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,947.7 3,029.7 3,009.2 2,964.9 2,961.5 2,977.3 2,979.8 2,976.5 -3.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,237 21,048 21,239 22,276 22,316 22,325 22,330 22,337 7

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,815.0 2,822.0 2,813.0 2,811.0 2,811.0 2,808.0 2,806.0 2,806.0 0.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,203.2 2,205.1 2,203.6 2,198.5 2,196.1 2,189.9 2,190.0 2,189.2 -0.8

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.3 617.1 609.6 612.2 614.5 617.9 615.9 616.3 0.4

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,150.0 4,767.0 4,803.0 5,156.0 5,101.0 5,096.0 5,098.0 5,100.0 2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,471.6 2,086.2 2,124.3 2,489.1 2,422.8 2,431.2 2,431.6 2,434.4 2.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,678.6 2,680.4 2,678.4 2,666.5 2,678.5 2,664.8 2,666.2 2,665.4 -0.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,272.0 13,459.0 13,623.0 14,309.0 14,404.0 14,421.0 14,426.0 14,431.0 5.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,843.3 6,737.9 6,968.9 7,842.9 7,967.6 7,946.6 7,955.1 7,957.0 1.9

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,429.0 6,721.1 6,654.3 6,466.2 6,436.0 6,473.9 6,471.0 6,474.2 3.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.2 40.4 40.2 40.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.7 45.3 44.8 45.0

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 39.1 38.9 38.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.9 40.7 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.3 41.2 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 40.2 39.9 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.3 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.4 34.4 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.1 39.1 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 31.0 30.9 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 42.3 41.6 42.3

Information......................................................................... 35.8 36.3 36.2 36.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.4 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.1 36.0 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 26.0 26.0 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.8 31.8 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Total private............................................... $25.81 $26.39 $26.43 $26.55 $887.86 $907.82 $909.19 $913.32

Goods-producing....................................... 27.09 27.69 27.61 27.75 1,089.02 1,118.68 1,109.92 1,115.55

Mining and logging.................................. 32.12 32.95 32.57 32.58 1,403.64 1,492.64 1,459.14 1,466.10

Construction.......................................... 28.33 28.94 29.00 29.19 1,099.20 1,131.55 1,128.10 1,132.57

Manufacturing........................................ 26.16 26.69 26.56 26.68 1,064.71 1,091.62 1,080.99 1,085.88

Durable goods.................................... 27.46 27.95 27.81 27.95 1,131.35 1,154.34 1,145.77 1,151.54

Nondurable goods................................ 23.95 24.56 24.42 24.49 955.61 987.31 974.36 977.15

Private service-providing.............................. 25.52 26.09 26.15 26.27 847.26 868.80 868.18 872.16

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.45 22.86 22.89 22.95 767.79 786.38 787.42 787.19

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.73 30.15 30.14 30.25 1,156.50 1,178.87 1,178.47 1,182.78

Retail trade........................................ 17.91 18.20 18.27 18.27 551.63 564.20 564.54 564.54

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.41 23.94 23.97 24.03 908.31 928.87 930.04 927.56

Utilities............................................. 38.35 39.27 38.87 39.38 1,626.04 1,661.12 1,616.99 1,665.77

Information........................................... 36.98 38.56 38.48 38.90 1,323.88 1,399.73 1,392.98 1,412.07

Financial activities................................... 32.55 33.22 33.31 33.44 1,220.63 1,242.43 1,249.13 1,254.00

Professional and business services.............. 30.97 31.69 31.79 32.00 1,118.02 1,144.01 1,144.44 1,152.00

Education and health services..................... 25.87 26.39 26.44 26.50 851.12 868.23 869.88 869.20

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.01 15.45 15.49 15.55 391.76 401.70 402.74 404.30

Other services....................................... 23.17 23.71 23.79 23.91 739.12 753.98 756.52 757.95

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2017 -

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2017 -

Sept.

2017p

Total private..................................... 105.8 107.2 107.4 107.3 -0.1 130.6 135.3 135.7 136.2 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 90.3 92.1 91.9 92.0 0.1 110.6 115.2 114.7 115.3 0.5

Mining and logging........................ 90.8 101.5 101.2 102.0 0.8 117.1 134.3 132.4 133.4 0.8

Construction................................ 90.0 92.8 92.6 92.4 -0.2 110.8 116.7 116.6 117.2 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 90.3 91.3 91.1 91.1 0.0 109.8 113.3 112.6 113.1 0.4

Durable goods........................... 89.2 90.0 90.1 90.2 0.1 108.8 111.7 111.3 111.9 0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 92.3 93.7 93.1 93.0 -0.1 112.2 116.7 115.4 115.6 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 109.9 111.6 111.4 111.3 -0.1 136.2 141.5 141.6 142.1 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.6 102.4 102.4 102.2 -0.2 122.8 126.0 126.2 126.3 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 99.8 101.1 101.1 101.2 0.1 123.8 127.2 127.2 127.8 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 99.4 99.6 99.2 99.2 0.0 117.7 119.9 119.9 119.9 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 111.1 112.8 113.0 112.9 -0.1 131.9 137.1 137.5 137.7 0.1

Utilities.................................... 102.0 101.2 99.5 101.2 1.7 129.2 131.3 127.8 131.6 3.0

Information................................. 91.1 90.2 89.8 89.7 -0.1 119.9 123.8 123.0 124.3 1.1

Financial activities......................... 102.2 103.6 103.9 104.1 0.2 129.8 134.2 135.0 135.7 0.5

Professional and business services..... 115.1 117.8 117.7 117.8 0.1 144.5 151.3 151.6 152.7 0.7

Education and health services........... 122.2 124.3 124.6 124.3 -0.2 152.1 157.9 158.5 158.5 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 116.8 118.6 118.6 117.8 -0.7 141.4 147.8 148.2 147.7 -0.3

Other services............................. 105.0 105.6 105.7 105.3 -0.4 133.3 137.3 137.8 138.0 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Total nonfarm............................................. 71,873 72,542 72,620 72,579 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 59,073 59,724 59,794 59,753 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,325 4,400 4,413 4,424 21.9 22.0 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging............................... 99 100 100 100 15.0 14.0 13.9 13.9

Construction....................................... 841 872 876 882 12.5 12.7 12.7 12.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,385 3,428 3,437 3,442 27.5 27.6 27.6 27.7

Durable goods.................................. 1,805 1,815 1,821 1,826 23.5 23.5 23.4 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,580 1,613 1,616 1,616 34.1 34.5 34.6 34.6

Private service-providing........................... 54,748 55,324 55,381 55,329 53.2 53.1 53.1 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,110 10,973 10,959 10,956 40.7 40.1 40.0 40.0

Wholesale trade................................ 1,740.8 1,744.3 1,746.2 1,749.0 29.6 29.4 29.5 29.5

Retail trade..................................... 8,009.2 7,864.9 7,847.3 7,836.4 50.4 49.7 49.6 49.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,230.7 1,236.3 1,238.3 1,243.8 24.6 24.3 24.3 24.3

Utilities........................................... 129.4 127.5 127.6 127.0 23.3 23.1 23.1 23.0

Information......................................... 1,115 1,083 1,079 1,070 40.0 39.8 39.7 39.5

Financial activities................................ 4,730 4,770 4,781 4,768 56.8 56.4 56.5 56.3

Professional and business services............ 9,115 9,328 9,341 9,349 44.9 45.0 44.9 44.9

Education and health services.................. 17,533 17,836 17,863 17,882 77.1 77.1 77.0 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,145 8,289 8,309 8,253 51.9 51.9 52.0 52.0

Other services..................................... 3,000 3,045 3,049 3,051 52.6 52.8 52.9 53.0

Government............................................. 12,800 12,818 12,826 12,826 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Total private............................................................................... 100,854 102,339 102,463 102,414

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,149 14,371 14,423 14,440

Mining and logging.................................................................. 457 512 518 523

Construction.......................................................................... 5,052 5,158 5,173 5,179

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,640 8,701 8,732 8,738

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,278 5,306 5,333 5,338

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,362 3,395 3,399 3,400

Private service-providing.............................................................. 86,705 87,968 88,040 87,974

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,943 23,073 23,076 23,104

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,705.3 4,746.2 4,747.5 4,746.9

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,464.0 13,469.2 13,469.0 13,477.7

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,326.2 4,413.2 4,414.9 4,434.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 447.2 444.7 444.5 445.1

Information............................................................................ 2,240 2,196 2,189 2,176

Financial activities................................................................... 6,460 6,578 6,583 6,590

Professional and business services............................................... 16,589 16,952 16,968 16,966

Education and health services..................................................... 19,952 20,340 20,386 20,403

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,784 14,059 14,066 13,967

Other services........................................................................ 4,737 4,770 4,772 4,768

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.7 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 41.3 41.3 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.6 45.8 45.5 45.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 39.6 39.6 39.4

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 42.0 42.0 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.3 42.2 42.3 42.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.1 41.6 41.5 41.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.5 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.5 33.9 33.8 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.7 39.0 39.0 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.6 30.3 30.1 30.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.5 38.4 38.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.6 42.1 42.6

Information......................................................................... 35.7 35.8 35.6 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 36.8 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.5 35.4 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.9 24.8 24.7 24.5

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Total private............................................... $21.68 $22.09 $22.14 $22.23 $728.45 $744.43 $743.90 $746.93

Goods-producing....................................... 22.73 23.18 23.21 23.29 934.20 957.33 958.57 957.22

Mining and logging.................................. 27.09 27.87 27.75 27.63 1,235.30 1,276.45 1,262.63 1,268.22

Construction.......................................... 26.21 26.77 26.80 27.01 1,037.92 1,060.09 1,061.28 1,064.19

Manufacturing........................................ 20.55 20.87 20.91 20.93 858.99 876.54 878.22 874.87

Durable goods.................................... 21.56 21.87 21.91 21.93 911.99 922.91 926.79 925.45

Nondurable goods................................ 18.90 19.30 19.30 19.31 776.79 802.88 800.95 797.50

Private service-providing.............................. 21.46 21.86 21.92 22.01 693.16 710.45 710.21 713.12

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.06 19.38 19.41 19.49 638.51 656.98 656.06 658.76

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.35 24.80 24.80 24.87 942.35 967.20 967.20 969.93

Retail trade........................................ 15.03 15.32 15.35 15.42 444.89 464.20 462.04 465.68

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.03 21.34 21.42 21.50 815.96 821.59 822.53 821.30

Utilities............................................. 35.47 36.25 35.91 36.29 1,514.57 1,544.25 1,511.81 1,545.95

Information........................................... 30.33 30.79 30.76 30.88 1,082.78 1,102.28 1,095.06 1,108.59

Financial activities................................... 26.33 26.60 26.59 26.62 971.58 978.88 981.17 982.28

Professional and business services.............. 25.62 26.10 26.21 26.31 906.95 926.55 927.83 931.37

Education and health services..................... 22.62 23.05 23.10 23.16 728.36 742.21 743.82 745.75

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.96 13.36 13.41 13.47 322.70 331.33 331.23 330.02

Other services....................................... 19.43 19.96 20.04 20.13 598.44 614.77 617.23 617.99

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2017 -

Sept.

2017p

Sept.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Sept.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2017 -

Sept.

2017p

Total private..................................... 112.9 114.9 114.7 114.6 -0.1 163.6 169.6 169.7 170.3 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 88.9 90.7 91.0 90.7 -0.3 123.7 128.7 129.4 129.3 -0.1

Mining and logging........................ 110.7 124.6 125.2 127.6 1.9 174.5 202.0 202.1 205.0 1.4

Construction................................ 100.2 102.3 102.6 102.2 -0.4 141.8 147.8 148.4 149.0 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 82.9 83.9 84.2 83.8 -0.5 111.4 114.5 115.1 114.8 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 83.9 84.2 84.8 84.7 -0.1 112.9 114.9 116.0 115.9 -0.1

Nondurable goods...................... 81.4 83.2 83.1 82.7 -0.5 108.7 113.5 113.4 112.9 -0.4

Private service-providing.................... 119.3 121.8 121.5 121.4 -0.1 175.5 182.5 182.6 183.2 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 107.1 109.0 108.7 108.9 0.2 145.7 150.7 150.6 151.4 0.5

Wholesale trade......................... 107.2 109.0 109.0 109.0 0.0 153.8 159.2 159.3 159.7 0.3

Retail trade.............................. 100.9 103.3 102.6 103.0 0.4 130.0 135.6 135.0 136.2 0.9

Transportation and warehousing...... 126.4 127.9 127.6 127.5 -0.1 168.6 173.1 173.4 173.9 0.3

Utilities.................................... 97.7 96.9 95.7 97.0 1.4 144.6 146.6 143.4 146.9 2.4

Information................................. 91.3 89.7 88.9 89.2 0.3 137.0 136.8 135.4 136.3 0.7

Financial activities......................... 112.2 114.0 114.4 114.5 0.1 181.8 186.5 187.1 187.5 0.2

Professional and business services..... 131.6 134.9 134.6 134.6 0.0 200.7 209.5 210.0 210.7 0.3

Education and health services........... 137.0 139.6 140.0 140.1 0.1 204.5 212.5 213.4 214.1 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 125.7 127.7 127.3 125.3 -1.6 185.0 193.8 193.8 191.7 -1.1

Other services............................. 102.3 103.0 103.1 102.7 -0.4 144.9 149.8 150.5 150.6 0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.