For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 19, 2023 USDL-23-1014

Technical information: 

 Employment: (202) 691-6559 • sminfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/sae 

 Unemployment: (202) 691-6392 • lausinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lau

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT — APRIL 2023

Unemployment rates were lower in April in 14 states and stable in 36 states and the District of 

Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Sixteen states had jobless rate decreases

from a year earlier, 10 states had increases, and 24 states and the District had little change. The national 

unemployment rate, 3.4 percent, was little changed from March but was 0.2 percentage point lower than 

in April 2022.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states, decreased in 1 state, and was essentially unchanged 

in 44 states and the District of Columbia in April 2023. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment 

increased in 40 states and was essentially unchanged in 10 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force and 

unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. These data pertain to 

individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures 

nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by 

where the establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 

methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

South Dakota had the lowest jobless rate in April, 1.9 percent. The next lowest rate was in Nebraska, 2.0

percent, followed by New Hampshire and North Dakota, 2.1 percent each. The rates in Alabama (2.2

percent), Arizona (3.4 percent), Arkansas (2.8 percent), Kentucky (3.7 percent), Maine (2.4 percent), 

Maryland (2.5 percent), Mississippi (3.4 percent), Ohio (3.7 percent), West Virginia (3.3 percent), and 

Wisconsin (2.4 percent) set new series lows. (All state series begin in 1976.) Nevada had the highest 

unemployment rate, 5.4 percent. In total, 17 states had unemployment rates lower than the U.S. figure of 

3.4 percent, 8 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, and 25 states had rates that were not 

appreciably different from that of the nation. (See tables A and 1 and map 1.)

In April, 14 states had over-the-month unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which was in Oregon

(-0.4 percentage point). Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia had jobless rates that were not 

notably different from those of a month earlier, though some had changes that were at least as large 

numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)
-2- 

Sixteen states had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which was in New Mexico

(-0.8 percentage point). Ten states had rate increases from April 2022, the largest of which were in 

Kansas, Minnesota, and Virginia (+0.5 percentage point each). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states, decreased in 1 state, and was essentially unchanged 

in 44 states and the District of Columbia in April 2023. The largest job gains occurred in California 

(+67,000), Ohio (+18,100), and New Jersey (+15,800). The largest percentage increase occurred in 

Indiana (+0.5 percent), followed by Arizona, California, and New Jersey (+0.4 percent each). 

Employment decreased in Rhode Island (-3,800, or -0.8 percent). (See tables D and 3.) 

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 40 states and was essentially unchanged in 10 

states and the District of Columbia. The largest job increases occurred in Texas (+534,600), California 

(+426,000), and Florida (+363,400). The largest percentage increase occurred in Nevada (+4.2 percent), 

followed by Texas (+4.0 percent) and Florida (+3.9 percent). (See table E and map 2.) 

_____________ 

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for April is scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, May 31, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 

Unemployment news release for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 16, 2023, at 10:00 

a.m. (ET). 
-3- 

State Rate p

United States 1 ................................................ 3.4

Alabama ........................................................... 2.2

Arkansas .......................................................... 2.8

California .......................................................... 4.5

Colorado ........................................................... 2.8

Delaware .......................................................... 4.3

District of Columbia ........................................... 5.0

Florida .............................................................. 2.6

Idaho ................................................................ 2.6

Illinois ............................................................... 4.2

Iowa ................................................................. 2.7

Maine ............................................................... 2.4

Maryland ........................................................... 2.5

Missouri ............................................................ 2.5

Montana ............................................................ 2.3

Nebraska .......................................................... 2.0

Nevada ............................................................. 5.4

New Hampshire ................................................. 2.1

New York .......................................................... 4.0

North Dakota ..................................................... 2.1

Pennsylvania ..................................................... 4.1

South Dakota .................................................... 1.9

Texas ................................................................ 4.0

Utah ................................................................. 2.3

Vermont ............................................................ 2.4

Washington ....................................................... 4.3

Wisconsin ......................................................... 2.4

1

 Data are not preliminary.

p

 = preliminary.

Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different from that

of the U.S., April 2023, seasonally adjusted
-4- 

Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from March 2023

to April 2023, seasonally adjusted

March 2023 April 2023 p

Arkansas .................................... 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Iowa ........................................... 2.8 2.7 -.1

Maine ......................................... 2.6 2.4 -.2

Maryland ..................................... 2.7 2.5 -.2

Massachusetts ............................. 3.5 3.3 -.2

Michigan ..................................... 4.1 3.8 -.3

Nebraska .................................... 2.1 2.0 -.1

New Hampshire ........................... 2.4 2.1 -.3

Oklahoma .................................... 3.0 2.9 -.1

Oregon ....................................... 4.4 4.0 -.4

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.2 4.1 -.1

Vermont ...................................... 2.7 2.4 -.3

Washington ................................. 4.5 4.3 -.2

Wisconsin ................................... 2.5 2.4 -.1

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-month 

change p
-5- 

Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from April 2022

to April 2023, seasonally adjusted

April 2022 April 2023 p

Alabama ..................................... 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Alaska ........................................ 4.1 3.7 -.4

Arkansas .................................... 3.1 2.8 -.3

California .................................... 4.1 4.5 .4

Colorado ..................................... 3.1 2.8 -.3

Connecticut ................................. 4.2 3.8 -.4

Florida ........................................ 3.0 2.6 -.4

Iowa ........................................... 2.3 2.7 .4

Kansas ....................................... 2.4 2.9 .5

Maryland ..................................... 3.1 2.5 -.6

Massachusetts ............................. 3.7 3.3 -.4

Minnesota ................................... 2.3 2.8 .5

Mississippi .................................. 3.7 3.4 -.3

Missouri ...................................... 2.3 2.5 .2

Montana ...................................... 2.6 2.3 -.3

New Jersey ................................. 3.9 3.5 -.4

New Mexico ................................. 4.3 3.5 -.8

New York .................................... 4.3 4.0 -.3

Oregon ....................................... 3.6 4.0 .4

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.3 4.1 -.2

Texas .......................................... 3.8 4.0 .2

Virginia ....................................... 2.6 3.1 .5

Washington ................................. 3.9 4.3 .4

West Virginia .............................. 3.7 3.3 -.4

Wisconsin ................................... 2.8 2.4 -.4

Wyoming .................................... 3.2 3.5 .3

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-year 

change p

Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from March 2023 to

April 2023, seasonally adjusted

March April

2023 2023 p Level Percent

Arizona ....................................... 3,146,200 3,158,700 12,500 0.4

California .................................... 17,971,000 18,038,000 67,000 .4

Indiana ....................................... 3,245,700 3,260,400 14,700 .5

New Jersey ................................. 4,316,500 4,332,300 15,800 .4

Ohio ........................................... 5,590,500 5,608,600 18,100 .3

Rhode Island ............................... 499,400 495,600 -3,800 -.8

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-month change p
-6- 

Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from April 2022 to

April 2023, seasonally adjusted

April April

2022 2023 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,103,200 2,145,700 42,500 2.0

Alaska ........................................ 317,800 324,700 6,900 2.2

Arizona ....................................... 3,088,900 3,158,700 69,800 2.3

Arkansas .................................... 1,322,400 1,356,000 33,600 2.5

California .................................... 17,612,000 18,038,000 426,000 2.4

Delaware .................................... 471,400 482,400 11,000 2.3

Florida ........................................ 9,341,300 9,704,700 363,400 3.9

Georgia ...................................... 4,782,500 4,894,300 111,800 2.3

Hawaii ........................................ 612,500 631,100 18,600 3.0

Idaho .......................................... 821,600 847,300 25,700 3.1

 

Illinois ......................................... 5,995,100 6,126,900 131,800 2.2

Indiana ....................................... 3,179,500 3,260,400 80,900 2.5

Iowa ........................................... 1,566,500 1,592,800 26,300 1.7

Kansas ....................................... 1,409,500 1,441,600 32,100 2.3

Kentucky .................................... 1,953,500 2,009,500 56,000 2.9

Louisiana .................................... 1,910,500 1,958,900 48,400 2.5

Maryland ..................................... 2,699,700 2,739,200 39,500 1.5

Massachusetts ............................. 3,660,100 3,759,200 99,100 2.7

Michigan ..................................... 4,359,300 4,420,000 60,700 1.4

Minnesota ................................... 2,921,000 2,979,200 58,200 2.0

 

Missouri ...................................... 2,914,700 2,974,600 59,900 2.1

Nebraska .................................... 1,021,500 1,042,900 21,400 2.1

Nevada ....................................... 1,478,700 1,540,300 61,600 4.2

New Hampshire ........................... 685,300 699,900 14,600 2.1

New Jersey ................................. 4,233,200 4,332,300 99,100 2.3

New Mexico ................................. 844,700 865,800 21,100 2.5

New York .................................... 9,439,200 9,673,000 233,800 2.5

North Carolina ............................. 4,774,200 4,891,300 117,100 2.5

Ohio ........................................... 5,524,600 5,608,600 84,000 1.5

Oklahoma .................................... 1,689,400 1,725,800 36,400 2.2

 

Oregon ....................................... 1,938,400 1,989,900 51,500 2.7

Pennsylvania ............................... 5,960,800 6,117,100 156,300 2.6

South Carolina ............................ 2,233,100 2,291,600 58,500 2.6

South Dakota .............................. 450,600 461,700 11,100 2.5

Tennessee .................................. 3,222,800 3,312,800 90,000 2.8

Texas .......................................... 13,336,500 13,871,100 534,600 4.0

Utah ........................................... 1,672,800 1,720,400 47,600 2.8

Virginia ....................................... 4,051,100 4,138,100 87,000 2.1

Washington ................................. 3,507,500 3,624,300 116,800 3.3

Wisconsin ................................... 2,952,100 3,003,600 51,500 1.7

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-year change p
Technical Note

This news release presents civilian labor force and 

unemployment data for states and selected substate areas from 

the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program 

(tables 1 and 2). Also presented are nonfarm payroll 

employment estimates by state and industry supersector from 

the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 

4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state 

cooperative endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment—from the 

LAUS program

 Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment 

data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those 

used for the official national estimates obtained from the 

Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of 

households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program 

measures employed people and unemployed people on a place

of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian 

noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. 

Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or 

profit in the reference week (typically the week including the 

12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in 

a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job 

from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, 

for such reasons as bad weather, labor-management dispute, 

illness, or vacation.

 Unemployed people are those who were not employed during 

the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively 

looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week, and were currently available for work; people 

on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be 

counted as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of 

employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is 

the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor 

force.

 Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District 

of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 

metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of 

California and New York State are produced using time-series 

models. This method, which underwent substantial 

enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes data from 

several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state 

unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state 

of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los 

Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the 

balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State 

are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and 

the balance of New York State. Estimates for the five additional 

substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria 

and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn metropolitan areas and the 

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach

Kendall, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) 

and their respective balances of state are produced using a 

similar model-based approach.

 Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are 

modeled using inputs from the CPS only and controlled to the

national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their 

respective census division totals. Substate and balance-of-state 

estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to 

their respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling 

model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called real-time 

benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a 

monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A more detailed 

description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS 

upon request

 Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment 

data for prior years reflect adjustments made after the end of 

each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population 

data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other 

data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical 

data for the most recent five years are revised near the 

beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January 

estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time

series models in 2021, historical data were re-estimated back to 

the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994. 

 Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the 

estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend, 

seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals 

of employed and unemployed people first are adjusted using an 

X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then 

are smoothed using a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space 

(RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of 

employed and unemployed people are summed to derive the 

civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 

calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. 

The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted unemployment 

rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published 

on the BLS website.

 During estimation for the current year, the smoothedseasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are created 

using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from 

previous observations only. For annual revisions, historical data 

are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

 Area definitions. The substate area data published in this 

release reflect the delineations that were issued by the U.S. 

Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A 

detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment—from the CES program

 Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on 

establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted 

at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; 

those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each 

payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal 

activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North 

American Industry Classification System. 

 Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment 

data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where 
possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link 

relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month 

weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted 

employment is computed from a sample of establishments 

reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the 

current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by 

the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted link 

relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample 

size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment 

series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct 

sample estimates (described above) combined with other 

regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

 Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted 

annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, 

derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by 

employers who are covered under state unemployment 

insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to 

adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and 

the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for 

the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process 

establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to 

measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the 

subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions 

is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm. 

 Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are 

seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector level. 

In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total 

is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted 

supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted 

payroll employment total is independently adjusted. Revisions 

to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 

year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.

 Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted 

concurrently, using all available estimates including those for 

the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.

Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for 

the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous 

month’s final estimate. 

 Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation 

procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each 

individual state. BLS independently develops a national 

employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to 

national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative 

sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series. 

Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level errors 

and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due 

to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-ofstates" employment series and cautions users that such a series 

is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

 The estimates presented in this release are based on sample 

surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are 

subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is 

a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs 

by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, 

such as those which can be introduced into the data collection 

and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from 

sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from 

the specific estimation processes used.

 Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment 

rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are cited in the 

analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be 

statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. 

Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month 

generally are cited only if they have been determined to be 

significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 90-percent 

confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error 

measures for unemployment rates and over-the-month and

over-the-year changes in rates are available at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. The underlying standard error 

measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state 

payroll employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector 

levels are available at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. 

Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

 Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the 

LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll employment from 

the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan 

divisions are available in the news release Metropolitan Area 

Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor 

force, employed people, unemployed people, and 

unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas 

are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data 

from the CES program for states and metropolitan areas are 

available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of 

hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services. 
LABOR FORCE DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Number Percent of labor force

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,289,967 2,286,491 2,289,655 2,293,022 57,712 56,166 53,017 51,462 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357,300 357,399 357,727 358,074 14,547 13,576 13,244 13,097 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,598,901 3,653,226 3,659,108 3,662,529 129,360 134,816 129,439 125,716 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,369,620 1,373,598 1,375,422 1,378,367 43,104 43,670 40,868 38,982 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,246,821 19,338,411 19,371,587 19,404,259 791,466 841,703 860,202 867,640 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,016,106 4,970,313 4,982,004 4,994,762 247,524 244,827 248,006 247,098 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,207,533 3,217,067 3,227,367 3,234,855 98,579 92,704 91,077 89,306 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,947,722 1,910,768 1,905,641 1,901,193 81,913 75,733 75,264 72,311 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.8

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498,094 495,920 496,628 497,784 21,545 22,610 22,048 21,457 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.3

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389,336 389,688 390,485 390,804 18,993 18,157 18,872 19,426 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,711,678 10,879,065 10,921,678 10,959,973 316,799 284,361 283,229 280,790 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,365,184 1,384,364 1,390,517 1,391,850 36,770 27,579 26,121 24,411 2.7 2.0 1.9 1.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,240,391 5,248,424 5,261,339 5,275,896 154,183 162,897 164,956 165,425 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674,343 678,351 678,403 678,901 22,337 24,176 23,539 22,519 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.3

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948,461 958,112 960,014 960,758 23,698 25,141 24,678 24,505 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,490,960 6,474,374 6,477,081 6,482,359 289,594 289,854 283,806 274,994 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,863,726 3,868,514 3,868,974 3,869,417 175,972 178,682 172,927 162,566 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,404,629 3,409,697 3,416,426 3,423,506 95,274 106,121 105,572 104,245 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,717,078 1,721,138 1,723,883 1,728,198 40,087 50,083 48,308 46,762 2.3 2.9 2.8 2.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505,453 1,510,124 1,514,156 1,517,965 36,036 44,088 43,857 44,380 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,055,514 2,041,678 2,042,149 2,046,426 78,568 79,762 77,108 76,299 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096,684 2,097,633 2,106,514 2,112,774 76,040 75,871 75,964 75,796 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677,710 673,394 673,696 675,402 18,252 18,841 17,633 16,383 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.4

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,173,560 3,167,195 3,177,661 3,184,900 98,326 92,348 86,288 78,803 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,758,814 3,741,461 3,741,218 3,739,047 139,280 137,140 132,353 121,926 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.3

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,843,204 4,842,266 4,851,450 4,868,782 192,590 207,045 199,692 186,318 4.0 4.3 4.1 3.8

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120,536 2,103,147 2,107,249 2,111,412 79,670 79,341 74,039 67,477 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.2

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,072,002 3,083,348 3,084,079 3,087,713 72,078 91,023 87,571 87,682 2.3 3.0 2.8 2.8

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,258,719 1,241,575 1,243,231 1,245,716 46,839 46,510 44,011 41,925 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056,746 3,075,402 3,085,519 3,100,000 69,070 79,689 77,410 77,913 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.5

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567,311 571,016 572,262 573,481 14,646 13,775 13,240 13,029 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058,812 1,059,665 1,060,459 1,061,392 21,343 24,704 22,562 21,163 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.0

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,538,332 1,570,746 1,572,677 1,575,723 80,682 87,111 86,653 85,722 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765,496 769,924 767,950 765,802 16,406 20,623 18,784 16,237 2.1 2.7 2.4 2.1

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,725,353 4,796,374 4,814,879 4,832,677 183,031 168,835 170,714 170,117 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.5

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950,651 950,806 953,656 956,123 41,148 34,444 33,800 33,536 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,625,656 9,646,609 9,659,921 9,676,648 409,389 401,288 391,595 385,005 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,099,568 4,138,484 4,148,381 4,156,692 240,738 222,492 221,904 222,899 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,160,841 5,168,863 5,179,562 5,191,541 172,336 188,101 183,074 178,853 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415,075 415,423 416,561 418,061 8,486 8,856 8,704 8,712 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,765,906 5,738,825 5,755,460 5,778,146 223,294 223,524 218,347 211,200 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025,951 1,025,615 1,028,505 1,030,947 50,161 42,937 41,284 39,722 4.9 4.2 4.0 3.9

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,887,601 1,895,814 1,902,396 1,909,615 53,555 57,608 56,853 54,431 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,171,623 2,182,992 2,175,890 2,165,884 77,253 103,216 95,582 86,919 3.6 4.7 4.4 4.0

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,489,022 6,500,166 6,505,031 6,509,436 280,518 283,410 276,017 267,735 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571,812 566,150 566,181 566,611 16,828 17,357 17,356 16,859 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,380,759 2,382,107 2,393,148 2,406,354 75,296 76,043 76,414 75,653 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475,518 475,998 477,191 478,832 9,100 9,842 9,186 8,980 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,384,499 3,328,111 3,338,255 3,347,566 111,079 116,474 113,866 110,187 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,642,266 14,819,290 14,898,124 14,960,308 559,081 587,211 599,832 605,663 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,737,348 1,765,268 1,773,428 1,781,543 38,322 42,302 41,696 41,317 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341,723 345,416 346,213 346,407 7,557 9,831 9,217 8,311 2.2 2.8 2.7 2.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,427,764 4,505,399 4,529,061 4,550,748 116,879 145,877 143,569 140,129 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.1

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,976,161 4,035,637 4,047,314 4,057,254 154,558 185,457 180,382 174,661 3.9 4.6 4.5 4.3

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,764,307 1,783,642 1,787,758 1,792,692 48,480 54,874 53,162 53,051 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786,667 782,723 782,365 782,228 28,821 28,813 26,866 25,966 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,094,462 3,069,845 3,074,553 3,085,111 86,160 82,956 76,581 72,910 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290,533 295,522 296,759 297,800 9,337 11,117 10,890 10,555 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.5

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,192,909 1,202,653 1,202,190 1,197,613 71,776 72,558 72,513 72,040 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
LABOR FORCE DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

March April Number Percent of labor force

2022 2023 2022 2023p

March April March April

2022 2023 2022 2023p 2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,283,963 2,291,233 2,279,731 2,295,888 56,151 44,380 46,317 40,057 2.5 1.9 2.0 1.7

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354,162 354,808 351,540 354,261 17,074 14,125 15,026 13,653 4.8 4.0 4.3 3.9

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,595,573 3,677,114 3,585,396 3,650,748 120,298 119,013 126,676 117,408 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370,298 1,381,424 1,367,518 1,387,728 43,443 36,392 40,040 33,969 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.4

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,307,448 19,501,286 19,119,845 19,307,940 867,452 940,871 763,554 826,093 4.5 4.8 4.0 4.3

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,051,030 5,032,959 5,000,847 4,990,776 260,565 250,310 239,152 225,457 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.5

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,195,552 3,232,622 3,179,354 3,216,307 108,143 86,523 94,032 78,224 3.4 2.7 3.0 2.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949,097 1,882,084 1,922,393 1,867,732 88,683 81,051 77,704 55,188 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499,906 500,616 497,424 501,645 22,665 21,759 20,712 19,595 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.9

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,830 391,796 386,488 386,474 19,865 19,854 16,139 17,245 5.1 5.1 4.2 4.5

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,655,670 11,026,531 10,669,485 11,010,358 316,855 281,263 287,056 253,178 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.3

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,353,913 1,398,332 1,361,251 1,387,373 40,617 24,993 35,277 25,151 3.0 1.8 2.6 1.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,259,516 5,323,573 5,212,849 5,284,769 157,188 177,687 133,075 144,819 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.7

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673,200 680,380 673,544 679,713 20,491 20,749 21,176 18,441 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.7

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945,910 962,433 941,485 953,524 28,769 30,056 23,662 24,573 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,484,826 6,446,674 6,435,143 6,444,345 301,708 278,806 278,159 237,431 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.7

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,856,844 3,845,479 3,834,246 3,836,966 171,182 156,269 166,784 124,239 4.4 4.1 4.3 3.2

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,392,845 3,430,163 3,384,029 3,424,176 106,975 120,562 84,509 89,281 3.2 3.5 2.5 2.6

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719,182 1,732,361 1,706,104 1,733,469 48,595 51,942 35,583 40,395 2.8 3.0 2.1 2.3

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503,134 1,522,292 1,495,524 1,517,433 39,466 45,875 31,300 42,295 2.6 3.0 2.1 2.8

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,064,977 2,045,271 2,046,354 2,055,195 90,204 78,219 69,639 66,784 4.4 3.8 3.4 3.2

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092,517 2,115,620 2,086,075 2,111,483 72,837 69,496 67,134 67,677 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673,881 667,907 670,779 674,663 23,868 19,944 20,062 15,457 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.3

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,177,080 3,214,448 3,150,518 3,182,865 106,394 74,256 91,435 58,872 3.3 2.3 2.9 1.8

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,761,694 3,738,390 3,721,504 3,715,839 147,168 144,194 128,630 96,955 3.9 3.9 3.5 2.6

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,833,263 4,869,442 4,801,789 4,882,825 216,189 198,577 191,439 140,048 4.5 4.1 4.0 2.9

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120,992 2,117,725 2,088,663 2,092,729 90,431 60,008 73,912 41,855 4.3 2.8 3.5 2.0

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,061,581 3,082,754 3,054,785 3,089,901 95,370 96,634 66,642 89,648 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,255,151 1,246,088 1,254,814 1,250,595 43,439 38,260 43,420 34,032 3.5 3.1 3.5 2.7

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,052,072 3,105,763 3,051,721 3,132,334 86,857 83,981 62,551 75,822 2.8 2.7 2.0 2.4

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566,081 575,301 565,384 574,145 17,319 16,267 15,122 13,536 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.4

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058,871 1,063,154 1,057,257 1,062,790 24,395 21,556 20,693 19,213 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,530,468 1,578,300 1,531,783 1,579,192 79,514 85,395 80,002 81,322 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.1

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764,817 758,881 758,136 752,680 19,042 16,655 16,716 8,864 2.5 2.2 2.2 1.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,717,858 4,864,957 4,699,368 4,838,469 207,848 186,678 173,783 147,549 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.0

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948,577 953,731 944,896 951,071 42,827 29,683 38,773 29,353 4.5 3.1 4.1 3.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,626,570 9,687,422 9,561,873 9,653,755 453,168 391,869 394,699 356,511 4.7 4.0 4.1 3.7

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,119,649 4,165,718 4,072,173 4,133,762 259,152 215,824 231,660 218,582 6.3 5.2 5.7 5.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,174,042 5,228,202 5,153,229 5,214,540 178,514 185,342 166,051 163,394 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.1

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412,560 416,195 412,090 418,863 11,317 10,497 8,712 8,957 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.1

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,741,491 5,778,844 5,730,783 5,805,755 244,329 230,939 214,429 183,399 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.2

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016,776 1,027,543 1,020,623 1,029,860 56,767 43,228 48,760 34,789 5.6 4.2 4.8 3.4

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,890,267 1,921,566 1,871,136 1,915,482 53,853 56,237 47,928 42,237 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175,702 2,149,952 2,162,222 2,126,879 86,328 78,249 77,169 60,760 4.0 3.6 3.6 2.9

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,455,943 6,468,895 6,433,960 6,446,664 279,813 242,598 254,172 204,250 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.2

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569,429 564,379 565,944 562,215 18,401 20,359 15,825 13,364 3.2 3.6 2.8 2.4

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,381,230 2,428,556 2,372,817 2,433,852 75,952 81,830 62,445 59,426 3.2 3.4 2.6 2.4

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472,634 478,240 473,235 481,539 10,266 8,469 9,547 9,741 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.0

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,375,604 3,364,796 3,379,677 3,355,769 109,010 105,235 103,843 87,147 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,633,464 15,118,242 14,592,934 15,019,711 552,714 632,197 516,170 551,199 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.7

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,733,281 1,794,142 1,725,736 1,789,244 40,520 43,568 38,004 40,106 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341,322 346,189 338,411 341,526 8,496 8,176 8,429 6,423 2.5 2.4 2.5 1.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,425,797 4,581,599 4,415,574 4,569,561 118,305 130,475 105,061 112,319 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.5

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,978,514 4,087,598 3,951,368 4,040,199 165,858 169,925 146,250 143,008 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.5

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,761,857 1,816,551 1,761,490 1,802,823 46,500 48,800 40,173 47,499 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.6

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779,081 775,664 783,246 781,040 32,730 27,721 28,683 26,767 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,087,081 3,076,184 3,065,443 3,097,213 96,738 75,951 85,327 70,166 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.3

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,284 299,146 287,297 296,460 10,803 12,237 9,770 9,930 3.7 4.1 3.4 3.3

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,209,927 1,192,916 1,199,229 1,177,329 70,142 69,481 69,850 66,459 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.6

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total1 Construction Manufacturing

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,103.2 2,138.9 2,141.3 2,145.7 98.8 101.1 100.8 100.6 272.3 278.5 277.2 276.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317.8 325.8 324.6 324.7 16.2 16.5 16.5 15.8 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.0

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,088.9 3,145.6 3,146.2 3,158.7 191.9 195.8 196.6 198.3 191.7 195.5 196.7 196.5

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,322.4 1,352.8 1,352.3 1,356.0 56.4 60.1 60.8 61.9 161.7 164.2 163.9 163.3

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,612.0 17,959.1 17,971.0 18,038.0 912.5 912.8 905.3 907.4 1,332.4 1,345.5 1,344.4 1,344.6

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,867.7 2,884.5 2,882.8 2,890.0 183.4 179.7 180.9 182.7 153.2 154.8 154.3 154.0

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,667.6 1,687.0 1,685.3 1,684.4 61.6 61.7 59.9 59.7 156.9 158.7 158.3 157.7

Delaware2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.4 480.8 482.8 482.4 23.7 24.3 24.8 24.3 26.1 27.1 27.1 26.9

District of Columbia2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.2 771.5 773.1 771.9 15.4 15.1 15.5 15.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,341.3 9,678.0 9,683.5 9,704.7 595.6 609.4 605.5 604.2 406.5 418.0 417.6 419.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,782.5 4,877.8 4,883.9 4,894.3 212.6 221.7 219.5 218.7 414.6 417.6 418.3 417.8

Hawaii2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.5 632.6 632.1 631.1 37.1 38.5 38.1 37.1 12.6 12.8 12.8 12.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821.6 845.2 846.8 847.3 64.8 68.8 68.4 68.9 73.1 72.2 72.5 72.5

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,995.1 6,112.0 6,118.4 6,126.9 228.5 232.1 233.2 235.9 568.8 570.0 568.2 571.2

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,179.5 3,240.7 3,245.7 3,260.4 153.4 166.3 165.2 164.6 541.5 540.6 541.7 542.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,566.5 1,590.0 1,593.1 1,592.8 81.0 84.8 84.1 83.7 223.0 225.4 226.8 228.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,409.5 1,444.8 1,441.8 1,441.6 64.6 68.1 67.5 66.0 167.7 172.2 171.7 172.3

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,953.5 1,992.2 2,002.4 2,009.5 81.8 84.0 86.6 85.0 251.7 255.9 258.6 260.0

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,910.5 1,945.5 1,950.7 1,958.9 129.0 131.8 132.9 134.7 132.4 136.5 137.0 137.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638.4 646.3 645.2 646.0 32.6 33.0 33.2 33.5 54.4 54.5 54.3 54.7

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,699.7 2,728.5 2,731.2 2,739.2 160.5 161.5 161.6 161.0 108.9 110.8 110.1 109.7

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,660.1 3,742.0 3,754.1 3,759.2 169.8 172.9 174.8 175.6 238.7 238.2 238.8 238.3

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,359.3 4,414.4 4,414.8 4,420.0 183.5 189.5 190.2 191.3 601.7 609.0 606.9 607.5

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,921.0 2,981.6 2,974.7 2,979.2 130.7 134.9 133.6 134.3 323.4 328.3 326.5 325.8

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161.6 1,177.8 1,176.9 1,178.3 45.4 47.7 48.1 48.2 148.9 147.7 147.3 147.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,914.7 2,967.0 2,969.9 2,974.6 138.1 138.8 138.3 137.5 280.2 291.1 291.1 291.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507.7 517.5 516.7 517.8 36.0 38.8 38.4 38.2 22.0 23.0 22.8 23.1

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,021.5 1,043.2 1,044.4 1,042.9 57.1 62.1 61.6 61.0 103.1 105.5 105.8 105.9

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,478.7 1,538.6 1,543.2 1,540.3 104.3 114.1 111.9 110.7 65.9 67.5 67.7 67.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.3 699.2 700.7 699.9 30.0 30.2 30.9 30.7 70.4 71.7 71.6 71.5

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,233.2 4,313.7 4,316.5 4,332.3 163.1 166.1 166.6 166.9 249.6 253.7 253.4 253.3

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.7 862.8 865.9 865.8 49.3 50.6 50.5 50.7 28.9 29.5 29.4 29.7

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,439.2 9,689.0 9,698.0 9,673.0 385.5 404.5 402.9 398.9 423.3 425.5 424.8 425.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,774.2 4,884.6 4,887.7 4,891.3 245.5 253.7 253.2 253.5 473.2 478.2 477.7 476.6

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.7 433.7 433.9 433.7 26.1 26.5 26.1 25.6 27.1 27.6 27.4 27.4

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,524.6 5,579.1 5,590.5 5,608.6 233.4 240.4 239.7 241.3 682.8 686.1 691.5 692.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,689.4 1,727.7 1,725.2 1,725.8 78.9 82.8 83.3 83.6 131.5 135.3 135.4 136.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,938.4 1,987.0 1,988.3 1,989.9 114.7 122.4 122.7 121.7 192.9 195.4 195.8 195.2

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,960.8 6,096.4 6,106.1 6,117.1 259.5 264.9 264.8 265.7 562.4 565.6 567.9 569.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.4 501.3 499.4 495.6 21.0 23.5 23.4 22.6 40.3 40.1 39.9 39.5

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,233.1 2,279.3 2,284.5 2,291.6 108.2 109.2 109.7 110.2 260.9 262.0 262.1 262.0

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.6 460.3 459.8 461.7 26.1 25.2 25.6 26.3 45.2 45.9 46.1 46.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,222.8 3,309.2 3,310.8 3,312.8 144.2 152.5 151.3 151.5 362.2 367.4 368.6 369.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,336.5 13,810.6 13,837.8 13,871.1 769.8 802.9 806.3 797.8 919.1 947.0 948.9 950.6

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,672.8 1,711.2 1,714.1 1,720.4 129.3 137.5 137.0 136.5 151.4 152.8 153.4 153.7

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.1 307.7 308.6 309.8 15.6 15.9 15.9 15.8 29.1 29.1 28.8 28.5

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,051.1 4,133.1 4,136.7 4,138.1 208.1 214.5 213.4 212.1 244.6 245.1 245.6 246.7

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,507.5 3,613.6 3,618.0 3,624.3 229.6 236.5 233.2 237.5 267.1 275.1 275.2 275.3

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697.3 699.1 699.6 699.1 32.4 31.0 30.9 31.2 47.0 45.7 45.7 45.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,952.1 2,997.0 2,999.8 3,003.6 130.2 133.8 131.9 134.5 480.1 485.6 485.3 485.8

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.5 288.7 289.5 289.3 21.2 21.7 21.7 21.6 10.0 10.8 10.7 10.6

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.7 942.6 945.6 950.4 32.0 34.3 35.3 36.1 81.8 83.5 83.4 83.1

Virgin Islands3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 35.1 35.3 35.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 – – – –

1

Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.

2 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

3 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.0 406.3 407.8 409.2 101.2 102.2 102.9 103.7 261.1 266.8 267.3 268.0

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 65.7 65.4 65.2 11.0 11.3 11.2 11.3 27.0 28.6 28.3 28.3

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.8 602.5 603.4 606.2 249.7 253.0 251.5 250.9 467.1 476.4 476.7 479.5

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.0 276.5 275.8 275.2 70.2 70.1 70.0 70.6 150.2 152.7 151.9 151.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,145.2 3,138.5 3,143.5 3,153.8 845.7 849.3 845.5 848.6 2,864.6 2,909.1 2,899.2 2,906.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.0 498.3 496.6 495.2 182.6 177.1 174.7 173.3 483.8 492.6 492.2 496.1

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.4 296.9 297.1 297.5 118.8 115.2 115.0 114.7 222.8 225.1 226.0 224.5

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.0 90.5 91.1 90.9 48.2 50.1 50.2 50.2 65.7 67.3 67.4 67.3

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 30.6 30.3 30.1 27.4 27.8 28.3 28.2 173.2 174.0 174.7 174.5

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,921.3 1,972.0 1,977.4 1,975.6 660.3 677.2 677.3 680.0 1,569.4 1,609.4 1,608.7 1,619.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029.9 1,024.5 1,025.4 1,029.8 271.3 279.4 278.3 279.4 781.6 775.4 773.4 775.3

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.6 116.2 116.3 116.4 27.7 27.6 27.6 27.4 71.2 71.9 72.2 72.7

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.4 162.3 161.9 162.4 41.0 41.6 41.4 41.4 107.0 110.5 111.1 111.0

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,216.9 1,224.4 1,222.3 1,222.2 401.6 402.7 404.5 407.2 973.7 969.5 974.8 975.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632.1 637.4 638.5 639.8 146.9 150.6 149.5 151.0 367.3 371.8 376.6 380.1

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.1 312.5 312.3 313.5 108.7 108.4 109.0 108.9 145.8 145.6 145.6 144.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.0 274.2 274.4 275.5 75.9 76.4 76.0 76.6 179.9 186.7 185.4 183.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.0 431.7 433.5 434.2 97.1 95.4 94.9 95.2 228.7 230.2 229.4 230.6

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.8 371.0 370.1 370.3 88.9 92.2 92.7 93.1 220.9 219.8 220.8 222.7

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.3 121.0 120.5 120.2 33.8 34.4 34.4 34.2 76.2 76.8 76.9 76.7

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.8 475.6 475.5 476.8 135.1 135.7 135.8 135.1 474.0 468.5 469.5 472.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567.0 572.1 571.5 571.2 225.3 232.0 232.1 232.2 630.6 652.3 652.9 653.7

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.2 810.4 810.3 810.2 234.3 228.8 228.2 228.4 660.6 659.4 660.2 662.8

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527.5 532.5 529.5 532.3 191.2 191.3 191.1 190.4 385.4 391.2 389.6 388.5

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.8 246.7 245.6 246.3 44.0 44.4 44.6 44.5 118.5 117.0 116.8 116.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.6 558.9 558.8 561.6 184.6 188.8 188.0 186.7 382.4 387.1 389.3 390.1

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 100.2 100.5 100.8 28.3 29.1 28.9 28.9 49.4 50.9 51.0 50.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.7 197.9 197.3 198.3 71.5 70.2 70.1 70.1 121.5 122.1 121.7 119.9

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.0 294.6 295.1 295.2 76.1 75.4 75.4 75.9 210.5 218.6 220.6 221.0

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.1 140.1 139.9 139.1 34.5 34.1 34.2 34.5 95.3 100.5 102.0 103.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.2 919.8 919.7 923.3 258.8 259.4 258.0 258.6 723.6 722.6 721.5 729.1

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.7 141.9 142.2 140.9 35.0 34.1 34.6 34.8 114.6 119.5 120.1 120.4

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,478.4 1,474.6 1,474.7 1,465.0 723.0 737.7 735.5 733.4 1,352.1 1,388.2 1,389.3 1,391.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920.4 923.2 924.1 927.1 290.6 296.7 295.5 296.7 730.8 748.6 749.7 747.9

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.3 91.9 91.9 91.1 24.5 24.2 24.4 24.4 34.5 35.4 35.1 35.7

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062.0 1,053.6 1,051.2 1,052.8 317.7 321.6 321.8 321.9 743.9 738.2 741.3 744.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.5 325.8 323.3 321.9 80.7 81.1 81.4 81.4 201.7 205.9 204.5 203.8

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.2 368.6 367.0 366.7 105.4 106.3 106.2 106.3 262.5 270.6 270.8 270.9

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,143.8 1,159.0 1,158.0 1,155.5 333.2 339.7 340.5 339.9 839.4 858.1 859.0 861.6

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 78.3 76.7 76.2 35.2 35.4 35.3 35.1 70.5 69.2 69.6 68.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.7 438.7 439.2 439.2 116.7 118.3 119.4 120.4 307.1 310.7 309.7 312.6

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.5 92.2 92.0 92.6 28.1 27.8 27.8 27.8 36.5 37.0 36.6 37.5

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.9 686.5 684.7 683.0 174.6 174.2 173.7 174.3 463.5 473.3 472.4 472.5

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,698.0 2,758.1 2,763.3 2,769.7 871.9 904.4 902.9 904.5 2,051.4 2,121.3 2,119.4 2,128.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.7 316.6 317.0 316.2 98.4 96.4 96.2 96.5 245.7 251.4 250.8 252.7

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 52.8 52.8 53.0 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.3 31.9 33.4 33.3 33.1

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665.1 667.9 665.5 665.0 215.6 214.2 213.9 216.2 801.3 812.4 814.8 810.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.6 618.5 621.1 621.1 165.3 166.2 167.9 168.5 542.5 562.2 559.2 558.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.7 122.9 123.3 123.2 25.5 25.1 25.4 25.4 72.1 71.1 71.3 71.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.6 554.5 555.6 555.2 158.6 160.4 160.6 161.3 326.6 324.7 324.7 327.1

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 52.3 52.5 52.3 11.5 11.8 11.6 11.9 20.4 20.8 20.9 20.4

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.9 185.4 185.7 185.9 46.5 46.7 46.9 46.9 136.8 142.1 142.7 145.4

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.9 6.9 6.8 – – – – – – – –

1 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Apr.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.0 253.1 253.4 254.4 196.6 201.8 201.5 202.3 391.2 396.0 397.6 397.6

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.2 50.8 50.3 50.6 34.1 35.7 35.7 36.1 76.9 78.3 78.4 78.4

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476.6 500.1 498.2 501.8 333.5 344.3 344.2 345.8 409.4 417.5 418.9 420.1

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.4 203.1 203.0 203.2 120.6 126.5 126.7 129.6 207.8 208.7 208.9 209.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,903.9 3,029.1 3,041.5 3,063.2 1,902.2 2,015.3 2,021.5 2,034.6 2,521.0 2,565.4 2,571.2 2,575.7

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.5 355.2 354.6 355.5 337.4 350.3 350.3 354.7 446.6 453.5 455.1 455.8

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.2 351.9 352.0 352.7 148.2 154.2 153.8 153.5 226.2 229.4 229.7 230.2

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 79.3 79.7 79.8 49.8 51.6 51.9 51.9 66.9 68.5 68.3 68.8

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.6 123.7 123.5 122.3 65.8 75.5 75.9 75.3 239.6 234.6 234.3 234.5

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376.7 1,455.6 1,460.2 1,467.3 1,224.3 1,313.1 1,312.7 1,313.5 1,086.4 1,108.7 1,110.6 1,113.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621.9 650.3 653.6 655.9 478.4 511.9 516.5 518.4 673.6 686.3 688.4 689.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 87.7 86.3 86.4 109.9 120.0 120.1 119.5 119.1 122.0 122.6 122.7

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.9 124.9 125.7 125.2 88.6 92.1 92.4 92.2 125.6 131.1 131.7 131.7

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922.8 957.2 958.2 960.9 556.2 594.7 594.1 593.4 780.3 809.2 810.9 810.0

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470.1 483.4 481.7 485.8 299.9 315.6 316.8 320.6 410.9 413.5 414.8 415.3

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.2 234.2 235.5 236.3 135.7 141.2 141.0 140.1 256.1 260.3 260.6 261.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.3 204.9 204.8 205.3 126.7 133.8 133.7 133.7 250.2 253.5 254.2 254.5

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.6 294.4 296.2 297.6 191.7 198.4 201.5 203.7 298.0 304.0 303.2 304.2

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.9 334.5 335.6 337.0 209.8 220.2 221.6 220.5 309.6 314.4 314.3 316.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.2 127.7 127.8 127.6 65.8 66.7 66.5 67.1 99.1 100.2 99.7 99.7

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441.7 455.7 457.0 457.6 248.6 256.1 256.6 256.0 510.5 519.7 520.3 525.8

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.2 825.6 829.7 831.6 346.5 356.0 360.5 360.2 447.7 457.2 458.2 459.7

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658.0 673.5 675.5 677.4 401.2 414.9 414.9 413.2 585.4 602.6 603.3 604.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.6 558.6 559.5 560.8 252.0 269.9 270.0 271.9 407.0 414.5 415.0 415.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.4 149.0 149.0 149.7 131.9 135.9 136.4 136.3 232.1 233.6 233.5 233.6

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.5 495.4 493.8 497.2 294.4 308.3 310.7 308.1 424.9 428.2 429.7 430.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 82.4 82.7 83.3 70.1 71.8 71.3 71.5 90.3 89.6 89.4 89.6

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.5 158.9 160.2 160.7 90.8 96.5 97.4 96.8 169.7 171.8 172.3 172.2

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.8 165.2 168.0 168.4 332.8 355.2 356.1 353.7 165.2 171.1 171.7 173.1

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.1 125.0 124.7 124.4 70.8 73.3 73.7 72.6 86.2 86.5 86.3 86.7

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724.8 766.5 767.5 770.2 373.6 393.2 398.0 399.2 583.7 586.3 585.5 585.4

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.6 144.7 145.6 145.9 93.7 97.0 97.3 97.5 179.1 183.1 183.9 182.8

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,125.4 2,202.1 2,213.5 2,203.8 848.0 915.1 920.2 919.8 1,427.6 1,448.4 1,446.6 1,447.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647.7 669.6 672.4 675.4 497.0 527.2 527.6 526.2 716.5 723.2 723.1 723.0

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 67.7 68.0 67.8 38.4 40.2 40.1 40.2 81.4 81.9 81.9 81.9

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.7 920.0 923.6 926.4 536.8 557.0 557.9 564.1 764.9 768.9 769.9 769.6

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.9 247.1 247.0 247.3 171.7 182.7 182.1 182.7 348.8 351.6 352.4 352.7

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.5 310.0 311.7 312.7 196.7 204.9 204.7 205.0 291.9 302.1 302.5 302.3

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250.6 1,295.4 1,297.4 1,305.8 531.8 556.5 559.5 561.3 677.2 683.3 684.6 684.9

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.5 104.8 104.1 104.0 57.4 57.8 57.7 57.1 63.0 64.0 65.0 64.6

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.6 275.0 275.7 277.0 262.8 273.3 275.6 277.2 365.9 373.7 374.2 373.8

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.8 76.7 76.4 76.4 48.0 50.4 50.1 49.7 79.7 81.0 80.9 81.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447.1 461.3 463.0 465.7 339.3 360.2 362.2 360.7 433.0 444.2 445.4 446.8

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,784.3 1,864.1 1,869.6 1,873.6 1,393.6 1,464.7 1,468.8 1,475.0 1,983.5 2,030.3 2,035.9 2,041.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.8 230.2 231.0 230.7 160.5 166.3 167.7 171.4 251.7 257.9 258.4 258.7

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.2 62.4 62.6 33.5 32.5 33.2 34.3 53.0 54.4 54.7 55.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.9 572.3 573.8 574.4 386.7 407.9 408.4 411.1 712.4 726.3 727.8 728.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.9 532.7 534.2 536.7 322.7 341.9 343.7 345.0 562.7 578.6 580.0 579.1

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.7 130.5 130.0 129.5 70.1 70.1 70.2 69.7 147.6 149.2 149.1 149.0

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.0 466.1 467.2 465.2 264.1 272.2 272.7 272.3 393.3 402.0 402.8 402.9

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 29.7 29.9 29.6 37.5 37.9 38.1 38.3 67.0 67.8 68.2 68.1

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.8 124.2 124.4 124.8 84.9 91.4 92.2 92.9 193.5 198.8 198.9 199.0

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total Mining and logging Construction

March April March April March April

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,090.1 2,135.8 2,102.9 2,143.7 9.0 8.4 9.1 8.3 99.0 100.6 99.4 100.5

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.1 316.8 312.5 319.7 10.6 10.2 10.8 10.7 13.9 14.5 14.9 14.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,082.8 3,145.4 3,098.5 3,159.2 12.5 13.8 12.7 13.9 190.2 196.0 191.8 197.9

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319.6 1,349.8 1,326.9 1,360.7 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.9 55.8 59.6 56.2 61.5

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,495.0 17,900.9 17,627.2 18,018.9 19.0 19.7 19.5 19.9 903.6 889.4 911.2 905.3

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,827.7 2,868.1 2,865.4 2,880.6 20.2 21.4 20.6 22.3 176.3 175.4 182.2 180.9

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,646.4 1,668.1 1,662.3 1,676.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 57.5 55.5 61.4 59.3

Delaware1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.8 476.6 471.5 480.7 – – – – 23.1 24.1 23.9 24.2

District of Columbia1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758.8 769.3 761.4 770.4 – – – – 15.4 15.2 15.3 15.6

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,314.9 9,706.6 9,387.3 9,711.4 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.8 592.4 604.3 595.9 602.7

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,738.6 4,875.0 4,778.8 4,888.7 9.6 9.8 9.7 9.9 210.5 219.1 212.3 217.6

Hawaii1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.0 633.1 615.3 632.4 – – – – 37.0 38.2 37.1 37.3

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816.1 840.0 819.0 844.6 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.1 63.1 65.7 64.2 68.4

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,929.6 6,047.5 5,989.9 6,103.7 6.6 6.9 6.9 7.1 211.6 213.3 225.3 229.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,150.6 3,226.8 3,173.1 3,260.7 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.9 147.3 160.7 152.4 164.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552.2 1,575.1 1,569.8 1,592.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 72.1 75.0 79.9 83.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397.1 1,436.0 1,414.3 1,445.4 6.0 6.4 6.1 6.4 61.7 66.0 64.1 66.5

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,943.2 1,990.7 1,950.8 2,012.5 7.8 8.6 8.0 8.7 79.5 82.9 81.5 83.9

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,905.4 1,948.9 1,914.7 1,961.7 30.4 32.5 30.4 33.6 128.2 132.9 129.6 135.7

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620.5 627.1 629.2 633.0 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.8 30.6 30.2 31.8 31.8

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,672.7 2,711.5 2,695.0 2,735.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 158.6 159.1 159.2 160.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,597.1 3,701.0 3,651.3 3,742.4 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 159.4 164.9 168.8 173.1

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,298.2 4,372.0 4,344.4 4,393.1 6.6 7.0 6.9 7.1 168.0 176.8 180.1 184.6

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,859.9 2,922.5 2,908.4 2,952.1 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 114.5 116.6 124.7 125.3

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,157.4 1,172.0 1,161.6 1,177.3 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 46.4 48.1 45.4 48.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,888.6 2,954.6 2,925.2 2,982.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 133.6 134.4 137.6 135.8

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.1 508.2 505.6 514.0 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 33.0 34.9 35.5 37.1

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,013.0 1,037.8 1,021.3 1,041.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 54.4 59.2 57.2 61.1

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461.8 1,537.3 1,481.2 1,541.2 15.0 15.2 15.1 15.2 103.2 111.1 104.8 112.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677.1 693.5 682.6 697.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 28.3 29.2 29.7 30.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,177.1 4,252.4 4,216.6 4,302.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 157.3 158.5 162.8 165.4

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.1 865.3 848.2 866.4 20.3 22.8 20.3 23.4 48.4 50.6 49.9 50.8

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,365.3 9,616.3 9,436.8 9,650.4 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.4 366.2 386.5 381.8 394.0

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,741.9 4,885.1 4,779.5 4,891.1 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.5 244.3 251.0 245.8 251.1

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.7 429.0 422.1 430.9 14.9 18.1 15.3 18.8 22.5 23.0 24.1 23.8

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,450.1 5,535.9 5,522.3 5,598.0 8.8 9.1 8.9 9.5 219.5 223.4 231.3 239.6

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,679.9 1,722.7 1,694.1 1,728.9 29.8 31.5 30.0 31.4 78.9 82.6 79.0 83.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928.6 1,979.0 1,940.6 1,986.1 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.4 112.6 119.4 113.8 119.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,915.7 6,061.3 5,976.3 6,118.0 21.6 22.7 22.0 23.0 247.5 251.1 259.9 262.8

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.0 489.9 496.8 491.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 19.4 21.8 20.9 22.1

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,211.5 2,275.2 2,235.0 2,289.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 106.9 109.8 108.4 109.6

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.9 451.8 448.4 457.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 23.0 22.5 25.2 24.6

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,204.5 3,299.5 3,230.6 3,310.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 143.1 149.8 143.8 151.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,219.6 13,790.4 13,339.7 13,848.3 192.9 212.8 195.8 213.3 766.1 800.2 773.2 790.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,661.3 1,707.7 1,676.8 1,720.3 9.5 10.2 9.7 10.3 126.9 133.7 129.4 133.8

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.6 306.4 302.8 305.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 14.0 14.0 15.1 14.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,014.5 4,113.6 4,052.3 4,136.5 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 205.4 210.3 208.1 211.5

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,478.7 3,596.8 3,499.8 3,617.5 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.7 225.8 230.8 228.3 237.1

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691.3 694.0 696.2 699.7 19.3 21.0 19.5 21.3 30.4 28.6 31.7 30.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,917.5 2,961.1 2,946.2 2,993.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 119.9 120.9 126.9 131.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277.4 284.2 279.4 285.3 15.8 16.3 16.0 16.9 19.3 20.1 20.8 21.1

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922.4 946.1 910.4 950.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 32.3 35.5 31.4 36.3

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 35.4 34.4 35.2 – – – – 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1

1 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information

March April March April March April

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.0 276.6 271.8 276.2 404.3 405.8 402.7 406.8 22.4 22.5 22.3 22.5

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 11.7 11.1 11.2 60.6 62.8 62.2 63.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.9 196.0 190.9 195.0 603.8 600.5 600.2 599.6 50.9 50.3 51.4 50.3

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.0 163.6 160.8 163.1 267.0 274.7 266.9 273.4 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,320.9 1,335.1 1,327.5 1,335.0 3,108.9 3,110.9 3,104.8 3,115.8 607.5 600.3 601.5 600.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.3 154.1 152.6 153.7 497.8 494.6 500.2 490.1 78.9 77.1 79.7 77.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.4 157.9 156.1 156.7 295.3 294.4 293.9 292.7 30.9 31.0 30.8 31.4

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 27.0 26.0 27.0 87.1 90.0 88.0 89.9 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 30.1 30.2 30.0 29.9 20.7 20.9 20.8 20.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.9 418.3 406.6 419.9 1,902.6 1,973.7 1,908.9 1,962.0 153.2 153.2 154.4 151.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.5 418.0 414.8 415.7 1,019.3 1,024.1 1,021.2 1,023.9 130.8 129.7 127.3 127.5

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 12.8 12.5 12.7 113.6 115.7 113.7 115.4 8.9 9.0 7.7 8.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.8 71.9 72.9 71.8 160.7 160.4 160.1 160.8 8.8 9.4 8.8 9.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566.6 567.0 568.0 569.9 1,200.3 1,209.1 1,204.3 1,209.7 93.9 91.2 93.8 91.4

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.5 540.4 539.2 540.8 623.3 630.6 624.8 632.1 26.6 25.6 26.6 25.7

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.2 225.4 222.7 227.3 311.0 308.2 312.2 311.2 19.0 19.0 18.9 18.8

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.8 171.3 167.2 171.8 269.8 271.9 271.2 273.9 18.2 17.5 18.4 17.5

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.1 258.4 251.0 261.1 423.2 429.8 418.9 430.8 21.0 21.9 21.0 22.2

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.2 136.5 132.1 137.2 372.6 368.7 371.7 368.0 23.0 23.0 24.4 23.1

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 53.3 54.0 54.2 116.2 117.3 116.6 117.0 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.7

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.9 109.4 108.2 109.0 472.6 469.9 470.3 470.8 35.4 34.5 35.5 34.9

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237.2 237.2 238.5 236.8 554.7 565.2 558.2 565.1 94.5 96.3 95.9 98.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.9 602.7 599.1 602.5 794.8 802.0 798.9 802.1 55.1 56.9 55.7 56.2

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.3 322.4 320.7 322.2 515.6 523.0 522.7 526.1 44.6 46.3 44.8 46.7

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.2 146.9 148.9 147.2 240.2 243.7 241.2 244.2 10.0 10.2 10.1 10.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279.0 291.1 280.0 290.8 554.3 555.7 555.8 560.4 47.9 47.8 48.0 48.2

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 22.5 21.8 22.9 98.3 99.2 98.7 99.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 105.7 102.7 105.4 194.9 196.0 195.1 196.9 17.9 18.2 17.9 18.3

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 67.4 66.0 67.7 289.2 292.9 289.5 291.8 17.3 18.8 17.5 18.7

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 71.1 70.1 71.3 137.1 138.8 137.5 138.0 11.9 11.6 11.9 11.7

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.0 252.7 249.2 252.5 901.7 906.5 902.1 907.1 73.8 76.1 75.4 75.8

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 29.1 28.6 29.5 142.3 141.3 142.8 139.7 10.6 10.7 10.9 10.7

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420.4 422.9 422.5 423.9 1,461.9 1,455.3 1,460.1 1,447.0 292.6 291.7 289.2 287.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.3 476.2 471.4 473.9 912.6 918.5 910.5 918.8 79.2 83.8 80.2 83.3

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.7 27.2 27.0 27.2 89.8 90.9 90.2 90.3 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.6

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679.2 692.9 681.8 691.2 1,049.7 1,039.8 1,050.9 1,044.3 68.6 68.0 69.1 67.4

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.9 135.1 131.9 136.1 318.7 322.2 318.6 320.0 17.4 17.5 17.7 17.8

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.9 192.9 192.4 193.1 364.4 362.6 365.0 362.1 36.6 36.6 36.8 37.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560.0 565.4 562.0 568.2 1,133.2 1,149.7 1,134.6 1,148.4 91.1 95.7 92.0 95.0

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 39.7 40.1 39.5 75.5 76.2 76.3 75.1 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.9

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260.6 262.0 261.0 260.5 428.7 437.1 431.1 435.6 29.0 31.8 29.4 32.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 46.0 45.0 46.2 87.5 90.9 87.8 92.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.9 369.4 362.5 369.5 673.1 681.3 671.6 678.0 52.8 56.1 53.5 54.9

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.4 946.8 917.9 949.2 2,665.1 2,748.5 2,675.4 2,754.5 223.3 237.3 226.3 240.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.6 152.8 150.7 153.3 308.7 314.2 310.8 313.3 44.2 44.9 44.4 45.1

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 28.4 28.9 28.1 51.3 52.1 51.6 52.6 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.1 244.5 243.6 245.9 657.8 656.4 657.4 657.2 68.9 70.6 69.1 70.9

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.4 273.2 265.7 271.9 605.1 614.1 606.0 613.9 165.7 170.3 166.5 168.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.8 45.4 46.8 45.4 121.9 122.0 122.1 122.5 7.8 7.7 7.8 8.0

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476.3 483.0 477.0 483.0 542.0 547.1 544.2 548.3 45.4 44.9 45.4 44.7

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 10.5 9.9 10.5 51.3 51.8 51.4 51.6 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 83.5 81.1 82.9 183.0 184.8 180.1 184.3 16.8 16.5 17.1 16.6

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6.5 7.0 6.4 6.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services

March April March April March April

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.3 101.9 101.0 103.6 257.7 267.8 261.3 267.4 243.7 252.4 245.7 253.7

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 11.1 10.9 11.2 26.3 27.4 26.5 27.7 50.2 50.7 50.4 51.0

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.2 250.2 249.4 249.2 462.3 472.2 468.9 474.6 476.6 499.9 478.7 504.2

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 69.2 70.1 70.3 151.0 151.8 151.7 152.9 197.1 203.6 197.9 203.6

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.0 842.6 845.6 847.7 2,829.8 2,882.8 2,862.6 2,893.5 2,899.1 3,049.2 2,924.6 3,079.5

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.0 173.6 182.8 172.0 470.1 485.8 483.6 495.7 350.4 355.0 354.3 354.7

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.2 114.9 118.1 114.1 218.6 222.0 223.0 224.6 340.8 352.5 342.6 354.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 50.0 48.2 50.2 64.5 66.9 66.3 67.6 79.1 79.5 79.7 79.7

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 28.3 27.2 28.2 171.8 173.7 172.6 173.3 123.2 124.8 123.4 123.7

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653.4 674.4 660.3 676.4 1,551.8 1,608.9 1,572.3 1,622.2 1,371.8 1,464.0 1,382.9 1,467.1

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.1 278.3 270.7 278.8 765.8 768.6 778.2 774.6 618.5 656.3 622.9 657.6

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 27.4 27.7 27.3 70.9 72.3 71.6 73.2 86.7 86.4 86.7 86.4

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.0 41.4 40.8 41.3 105.2 109.6 106.9 110.1 121.0 127.0 120.4 126.4

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.7 402.3 400.3 405.9 955.7 953.6 967.5 965.8 925.7 963.3 928.9 968.3

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.0 148.5 146.2 149.7 360.5 369.1 366.3 378.6 469.9 483.6 471.5 487.2

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.2 108.3 108.2 108.5 143.7 142.8 146.0 143.5 230.2 238.4 228.5 239.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.6 75.4 75.7 76.1 176.3 183.2 180.4 184.1 196.7 205.1 198.2 206.1

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.1 94.5 96.7 94.7 224.1 227.6 226.5 230.1 285.5 296.5 285.7 298.9

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.7 92.4 88.6 93.0 220.4 220.4 222.7 222.3 319.5 334.6 321.7 337.9

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 34.0 33.4 33.9 73.7 75.1 76.0 76.1 125.9 128.8 126.1 128.8

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.3 134.3 134.5 134.2 467.1 463.9 474.6 472.0 441.6 459.4 443.3 460.9

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.4 230.7 224.2 230.3 617.7 639.6 631.9 653.5 811.1 838.1 811.6 837.9

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.0 226.2 233.2 227.3 650.7 655.8 662.1 662.0 656.9 676.5 659.9 679.9

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.3 190.1 190.6 189.5 375.7 379.3 384.7 386.1 544.6 559.4 548.5 561.5

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.7 44.4 43.9 44.4 117.7 116.2 117.4 115.6 142.0 149.0 143.0 150.3

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.5 187.6 184.0 186.2 376.8 388.3 384.8 392.2 483.9 494.9 489.7 501.2

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 28.6 28.1 28.7 48.0 49.7 49.2 49.6 80.7 83.2 81.2 83.7

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.0 69.7 71.2 70.0 119.9 120.5 121.4 119.6 155.6 160.6 155.6 160.5

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 75.1 76.0 75.7 205.3 218.7 209.5 220.4 154.8 168.3 157.0 168.5

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 33.9 34.4 34.3 93.0 100.8 94.8 104.0 123.6 125.4 124.7 125.8

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256.5 256.5 257.7 257.1 714.3 705.0 723.4 725.0 726.0 770.4 729.3 773.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 34.1 35.1 34.7 113.6 118.9 114.9 120.1 140.1 146.4 141.9 146.3

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712.3 731.0 716.7 728.8 1,328.5 1,371.3 1,350.0 1,385.5 2,150.1 2,238.0 2,166.0 2,235.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.6 293.5 289.6 294.3 721.4 748.7 732.3 746.4 645.0 675.0 650.2 676.7

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 24.3 24.3 24.4 33.9 34.3 33.9 35.0 66.5 68.1 66.8 68.1

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.1 319.7 316.6 319.6 728.9 724.7 743.2 739.1 895.8 928.9 901.3 930.9

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.8 81.1 80.5 80.4 198.7 202.7 201.8 203.9 237.9 246.2 240.4 247.8

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.8 105.2 105.1 105.8 261.9 269.7 263.1 269.8 305.0 314.1 304.5 314.8

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.0 338.4 331.5 338.3 831.7 847.5 842.7 863.5 1,260.0 1,311.2 1,268.1 1,316.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 35.0 35.0 35.0 67.6 66.9 71.1 68.0 105.9 105.5 107.2 105.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 118.5 116.5 120.7 302.4 308.8 306.4 309.7 260.5 275.5 263.5 278.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 27.6 27.9 27.7 36.0 36.0 36.6 37.4 74.8 77.0 75.3 77.0

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.5 172.6 174.3 173.5 457.1 467.6 462.4 470.2 447.5 463.9 448.7 467.5

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861.7 900.0 869.5 901.1 2,025.2 2,101.8 2,050.5 2,115.4 1,768.2 1,867.6 1,787.4 1,873.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.7 95.5 98.2 96.4 241.3 246.1 245.2 252.0 225.3 235.5 227.3 233.5

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 12.0 12.1 12.1 30.9 32.3 31.8 32.6 63.1 63.0 63.5 63.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.7 212.8 215.3 216.3 790.3 809.2 800.6 810.9 548.4 573.8 557.2 573.9

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.5 166.4 164.8 167.6 536.7 554.4 541.2 557.4 513.8 537.4 515.0 541.2

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.4 71.4 70.7 72.5 72.5 127.7 130.2 127.6 129.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.0 159.8 157.9 161.0 325.3 318.9 326.6 326.1 453.8 466.8 455.7 466.6

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 11.6 11.4 11.8 19.5 20.1 20.1 20.1 28.9 30.1 29.0 29.7

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.0 46.7 46.1 46.8 140.1 141.7 136.3 144.6 121.1 125.0 120.6 125.5

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Leisure and hospitality Other services Government

March April March April March April

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.1 199.2 197.3 203.0 98.1 101.9 99.1 102.2 390.5 398.7 393.2 399.5

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 32.4 31.5 33.2 10.7 11.3 11.0 11.4 78.8 80.0 78.5 80.1

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.6 343.6 338.9 348.7 95.6 95.0 97.9 94.4 418.2 427.9 417.7 431.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.4 124.7 122.5 131.6 70.7 73.0 71.3 73.4 210.2 212.2 211.8 213.3

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,867.8 2,000.9 1,912.3 2,032.3 551.9 571.9 562.2 581.4 2,546.5 2,598.1 2,555.4 2,607.7

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330.0 348.3 334.6 351.6 120.8 124.5 123.1 122.6 449.9 458.3 451.7 459.8

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.0 144.1 144.9 148.6 59.9 60.6 60.5 61.6 231.4 234.7 230.5 233.1

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 47.6 48.5 49.7 18.4 18.3 18.8 18.5 67.9 69.6 68.3 70.2

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 74.2 66.6 75.5 66.7 68.0 66.4 69.3 240.4 233.0 238.1 233.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,236.2 1,323.8 1,251.8 1,321.4 337.7 351.6 342.7 350.3 1,105.4 1,128.6 1,106.0 1,131.7

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468.2 510.5 482.5 520.4 159.7 169.7 162.6 170.9 674.6 690.9 676.6 691.8

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 119.3 109.8 118.3 25.7 26.9 26.2 27.0 121.6 125.1 122.3 125.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 89.7 86.7 90.5 27.0 27.8 27.0 27.4 126.8 133.1 127.4 134.0

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.8 570.5 554.7 582.9 242.8 252.0 245.0 251.2 792.9 818.3 795.2 822.0

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.6 308.5 298.8 320.7 122.9 128.8 124.4 129.5 416.5 425.2 417.2 426.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.8 135.2 135.1 137.6 55.3 56.3 55.4 55.2 258.7 264.3 260.6 265.5

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.2 130.0 127.1 133.2 49.3 50.4 50.2 49.9 254.5 258.8 255.7 259.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.7 195.3 193.8 205.4 65.2 67.6 65.8 68.2 302.0 307.6 301.9 308.5

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.4 221.2 209.1 220.7 70.6 69.9 70.8 70.2 311.4 316.8 313.6 320.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.4 59.3 58.4 21.4 21.6 21.7 22.3 100.6 101.5 100.7 101.0

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.6 244.2 243.5 250.1 105.2 108.2 105.9 108.4 512.1 527.2 518.7 533.3

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.5 330.7 333.5 344.6 130.0 134.1 132.5 136.3 452.7 463.2 455.2 465.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.1 394.3 390.2 395.8 160.2 158.6 162.6 158.3 591.9 615.2 595.7 617.3

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.2 254.3 246.1 260.9 104.3 105.7 106.4 106.3 410.5 419.2 412.9 421.3

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.7 133.0 132.8 136.7 39.3 39.1 39.5 39.2 234.1 235.2 233.4 235.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.5 299.8 295.6 308.5 111.9 116.0 113.0 117.3 429.9 434.5 432.3 437.1

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 68.4 68.2 69.0 19.1 19.0 19.2 19.7 91.0 90.5 91.5 91.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.4 94.3 90.6 95.3 36.6 38.8 36.7 39.2 170.8 173.8 171.9 174.2

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.3 352.8 334.9 353.8 41.4 42.2 42.4 40.7 166.1 174.8 168.5 176.5

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 67.5 66.0 67.1 23.5 24.5 23.8 24.2 89.6 89.8 88.8 89.6

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.9 367.8 358.0 383.7 161.1 163.9 163.6 166.9 591.9 593.3 593.5 594.1

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.2 96.8 93.7 97.3 27.9 28.1 28.3 28.4 181.7 186.5 181.8 185.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.3 871.3 831.0 893.5 377.6 390.0 379.0 390.8 1,446.4 1,453.0 1,435.2 1,458.8

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.7 515.2 493.6 521.4 164.9 174.4 166.4 174.7 733.4 743.3 733.9 745.0

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 39.2 37.7 39.2 14.6 14.8 14.6 15.0 82.9 83.5 82.4 83.5

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.2 532.8 534.0 555.5 202.9 214.2 205.7 218.0 768.4 782.4 779.5 782.9

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.0 179.9 173.5 183.2 65.8 66.6 66.4 66.8 353.0 357.3 354.3 358.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.3 200.2 194.9 202.0 60.8 63.3 61.3 65.6 296.1 308.7 297.4 309.3

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507.1 532.4 527.6 553.2 245.5 252.0 247.5 251.8 687.0 695.2 688.4 697.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 51.5 55.2 53.6 20.7 21.4 21.2 21.5 64.0 65.9 63.9 65.3

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.9 267.5 264.3 277.5 80.7 81.7 81.6 81.9 368.2 378.0 368.4 378.4

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 46.2 46.5 46.7 17.2 17.7 17.3 17.5 80.4 81.6 80.6 81.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.0 354.1 340.9 357.8 123.6 128.2 125.1 129.1 440.5 452.1 443.4 454.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,369.8 1,448.1 1,398.7 1,474.4 435.0 467.5 441.4 472.4 2,001.9 2,059.8 2,003.6 2,064.2

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.7 167.2 161.6 171.0 43.3 46.8 43.7 48.7 254.1 260.8 255.8 262.9

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 33.3 30.7 30.6 9.6 9.9 9.7 9.9 54.5 56.2 54.3 56.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.0 396.3 382.1 408.9 187.9 194.5 189.2 195.8 720.9 738.1 722.6 738.1

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.7 336.2 321.9 343.2 118.1 125.3 118.9 126.3 564.5 583.0 566.1 585.2

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 67.7 69.6 68.7 23.8 24.7 24.1 24.9 149.4 150.7 149.1 151.0

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.5 256.1 257.7 262.9 144.4 149.7 144.2 149.5 399.4 410.3 407.0 416.3

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 35.7 34.3 35.3 15.8 16.0 15.9 16.4 67.7 68.9 67.6 68.8

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5 92.2 84.2 92.4 18.7 19.0 18.7 19.1 195.8 200.6 194.2 200.9

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.2 6.4 6.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
TEXAS

N.M.

CALIF.

NEV.

MONT.

ARIZ.

ORE.

S.D.

WYO.

KAN. MO.

N.D.

COLO.

NEB.

GA.

UTAH ILL.

MINN.

LA.

PA.

IDAHO

FLA.

N.Y.

KY.

WIS.

N.C.

VA.

OKLA.

ALA.

ARK.

IOWA

WASH.

IND.

MISS.

OHIO

S.C.

MICH.

TENN.

MAINE

W.VA.

VT.

MD.

N.H.

Map 1. Unemployment rates by state, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2023

(U.S. rate = 3.4 percent)

HAWAII

ALASKA

D.C.

!

MASS.

! CONN.

!

R.I.

!

DEL.

!

N.J.

4.0% or higher

3.5% to 3.9%

3.0% to 3.4%

2.5% to 2.9%

2.4% or lower
WASH.

ORE.

CALIF.

IDAHO

NEV.

ARIZ.

MONT.

WYO.

COLO.

N.M.

N.D.

S.D.

NEB.

KAN.

OKLA.

TEXAS

MINN.

IOWA

MO.

ARK.

LA.

WIS.

ILL.

MICH.

IND. OHIO

KY.

TENN.

MISS. ALA. GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA. W.VA.

PA.

N.Y.

MAINE

N.H.

VT.

MASS.

R.I.

N.J.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

MD. UTAH

ALASKA

HAWAII

D.C.

4.0% and above

3.0% to 3.9%

2.0% to 2.9%

1.0% to 1.9%

Below 1.0%

Map 2. Percentage change in nonfarm employment by state,

seasonally adjusted, April 2022 - April 2023