# Patent

## Title
Lighted artificial tree with multi-terminal electrical connectors for power distribution and control

## Abstract

A dual-output power adapter for a lighted artificial tree having a plurality of tree portions with light strings having lighting elements. The dual-output power adapter includes a power cord including a first power conductor and a second power conductor, the power cord configured to transmit an input electrical power; a housing configured to receive the first power conductor and a second power conductor; power-converting circuitry in electrical connection with the first power conductor and the second power conductor, the power-converting circuitry configured to convert the input electrical power to a first output electrical power; a first pair of conductors for transmitting the first output electrical power; and a second pair of conductors for transmitting a second output electrical power.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/065,283, filed Oct. 28, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/295,842, filed Nov. 14, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,569,960, all of which are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to lighted artificial trees. More particularly, the present invention relates to power adapters for transferring electrical energy to lighted artificial trees.
BACKGROUND
For the sake of convenience and safety, consumers often substitute artificial trees constructed of metal and plastic for natural evergreen trees when decorating homes, offices, and other spaces, especially during the holidays. Such artificial trees generally include multiple tree sections joined at the trunk and held erect by a floor-based tree stand. Traditionally, consumers wrap strings of lights about the artificial tree to enhance the decorative quality of the tree display. As more and more decorative light strings are draped around the tree, it becomes more and more difficult to provide power to the various light strings distributed throughout the tree.
To ease this burden to the consumer, manufacturers have created “pre-lit” artificial trees. Typical pre-lit trees include an artificial tree with multiple standard light strings distributed about the exterior of the tree. Wires of the light string are clipped to branch structures, while plug ends dangle throughout the branches. Generally, multi-purpose decorative light strings are used in pre-lit trees, often limited to 50 or 100 bulb assemblies, with a bladed power plug for insertion into the back outlet of another light string, or insertion into an alternating current (AC) power source.
Light-emitting diode (LED) lighting has gained in popularity as a replacement for traditional incandescent lighting, particularly on lighted artificial trees. LED lighting provides a source of illumination for a variety of lighting applications, including decorative lighting, automotive lighting, architectural lighting, and other such applications, like lighting for artificial trees. However, LED lighting generally operates at low voltage. Further, low voltage, direct current (DC), is safer in home applications. Thus, an adapter or power converter is typically utilized in LED applications. A suitable adapter can receive the electrical energy from a 120V AC power source and output DC power based on the particular lighting requirements of the LED light. In doing so, the overall power rating is also reduced. Pre-lit trees utilizing LEDs have likewise required an adapter to relay the desired power to the LED light strings.
Conventional light strings utilizing DC-powered LEDs have traditionally incorporated an adapter connected to an AC power cord. Thus, on a pre-lit tree with multiple light strings, there are multiple plugs and adapters for the user to plug and subsequently unplug when assembling and disassembling the tree. Multiple cords being placed around the tree creates an inconvenience and is an eyesore detracting from the beauty of the pre-lit tree
In other conventional pre-lit trees utilizing LEDs, a central adapter has been incorporated into the wall plug. However, because of the weight and shape of the adapter, such adapters have a tendency to fall out of vertical wall outlets. Additionally, because of the increased size of wall-outlet-adapters, it can be difficult to use such plugs at an individual wall outlet with other electrical plugs, or with a power strip with other electrical plugs.
Further complications to the power management of an LED tree results from the need to provide power to lit or musical ornaments, particularly those mounted to the tope most tree section. Such powered ornaments, including “tree toppers”, often require alternating-current (AC) power, though the pre-lit tree may only provide direct-current (DC) power, or a lower-voltage AC power, such that external extension cords must be used to distribute power from an additional wall outlet to the top of the tree.
In any case, an undesirable appearance, and inconvenient situation results. In the case of an adapter as a discrete element in addition to the AC power cord, multiple cords and an unsightly adapter are visible near the tree. In the case of a wall-outlet adapter, a bulky plug is often visible near the tree.
SUMMARY
In an embodiment, the present invention comprises a conformal power adapter for insertion into a lighted artificial tree and for converting power received from an external power source to a power usable by the lighted artificial tree. The power adapter comprises: an elongated housing including a first end, and a second end; a printed circuit board assembly including power-converting circuitry for converting an input electrical power to an output electrical power for use by a lighted artificial tree having a hollow trunk section, the printed circuit board assembly located substantially within the elongated housing; a power cord secured to the first end of the housing and in electrical connection with the power converting electronics, the power cord adapted to transmit power from an external power source to the power-converting circuitry. Further, the elongated housing enclosing the printed circuit board assembly is sized to fit substantially within the hollow trunk portion of the lighted artificial tree.
In another embodiment, the present invention comprise a power adapter for converting power received from an external power source to a power usable by lighting elements of a lighted artificial tree. The power adapter comprising: an elongated cylindrical housing for insertion into a trunk of a lighted artificial tree, the housing including a bottom portion connectable to a top portion and defining a central axis extending from a first end of the housing to a second end of the housing; an elongated printed circuit board assembly including a printed circuit board and power-converting circuitry for converting an alternating current (AC) input electrical power to a direct current (DC) output electrical power, the printed circuit board assembly secured to the bottom portion of the cylindrical housing and generally aligned along the central axis, the printed circuit board presenting a length and a width, the length being greater than the width; and a power cord secured to the first end of the housing and in electrical connection with the power-converting electronics, the power cord including a power plug in electrical connection with a pair of transmission wires, the power cord for transmitting power from an external power source to the power-converting circuitry.
In another embodiment, the present invention comprises an artificial tree. The artificial tree comprises: a first trunk portion having a first end and defining a cavity defining an inside diameter; a tree base including a trunk support portion, the trunk support portion coupled to the first trunk portion; a power adapter for converting an electrical input power received from an external power source to an electrical output power providing energy to lighting elements of a lighted artificial tree. The power adapter includes: a housing including an elongated body, a first end, and a second end, the housing defining an outside diameter; a printed circuit board assembly including power-converting circuitry for converting the electrical input power to the electrical output, the printed circuit board assembly located substantially within the elongated body of the housing; a power cord secured to the first end of the housing and in electrical connection with the power converting electronics, the power cord transmitting power from the external power source to the power-converting circuitry; and an output power connection adjacent the second end of the elongated housing and in electrical connection with the power-converting circuitry, the output power connection for supplying output power to the lighting elements of the lighted artificial tree. Further, the housing of the power adapter is located substantially within the cavity of the first trunk portion or the trunk support portion or a combination thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention comprises a method of assembling an artificial tree. The method comprises: providing a tree base defining a hollow portion and configured to receive a generally cylindrical power adapter and an end of a trunk portion of an artificial tree; providing the generally cylindrical power adapter, the power adapter including an elongated housing portion enclosing power-converting electronics, a power plug, and power plug wiring, the power plug wiring electrically connecting the power-converting electronics to the power plug; and inserting at least a portion of the elongated housing portion into the hollow portion of the tree base, while the power plug and a portion of the power plug wiring remain external to the tree base.
In another embodiment, the claimed invention comprises a dual-output power adapter for a lighted artificial tree having a plurality of tree portions with light strings having lighting elements, the dual-output power adapter comprising: a power cord including a first power conductor and a second power conductor, the power cord configured to transmit an input electrical power; a housing configured to receive the first power conductor and a second power conductor; power-converting circuitry in electrical connection with the first power conductor and the second power conductor, the power-converting circuitry configured to convert the input electrical power to a first output electrical power; a first pair of conductors for transmitting the first output electrical power; and a second pair of conductors for transmitting a second output electrical power.
In another embodiment, the claimed invention comprises an artificial lighted tree, comprising: a first tree portion including a trunk portion, a wiring system, an electrical connector, and a light string having a plurality of lighting elements, the electrical connector and wiring system positioned at least partially within a cavity of the trunk, the wiring system in electrical communication with the electrical connector and the light string; a second tree portion including a trunk portion, a wiring system, an electrical connector, and a light string having a plurality of lighting elements, the wiring system in electrical communication with the electrical connector and the light string, the wiring system including a power receptacle; a dual-output power adapter configured to receive a first input power conductor and a second input power conductor, the dual-output power adapter including: power-converting circuitry in electrical connection with the first power conductor and the second power conductor, the power-converting circuitry configured to convert the input electrical power to a first output electrical power for powering the light strings of the first tree portion; a first pair of conductors for transmitting the first output electrical power to the light strings of the first tree portion and the second tree portion; and a second pair of conductors for transmitting a second output electrical power; wherein the first tree portion is configured to couple to the second tree portion such that the electrical connector of the first tree portion is in electrical connection with the electrical connector of the second tree portion and the second pair of conductors for transmitting a second output electrical power is in electrical connection with the power receptacle of the second tree portion.
In another embodiment, the claimed invention comprises an artificial lighted tree, comprising: a first tree portion having a trunk portion, a wiring system, and a plurality of light strings, a second tree portion having a trunk portion, a wiring system and a plurality of light strings; a dual-output power adapter configured to receive a first input power conductor and a second input power conductor, the dual-output power adapter including: power-converting circuitry in electrical connection with the first power conductor and the second power conductor, the power-converting circuitry configured to convert the input electrical power to a first output electrical power having a first voltage for powering the light strings of the first tree portion; a first pair of conductors for transmitting the first output electrical power to the light strings of the first tree portion and the second tree portion; and a second pair of conductors for transmitting a second output electrical power, the second output electrical power providing power to a power receptacle of the second tree portion and having a second voltage; wherein the first voltage is less than the second voltage.
The present invention therefore substantially meets the aforementioned needs of the industry. Embodiments of the present invention as described above provide a number of features and benefits. Safety of the tree, adapter, and surrounding area is increased. Because the adapter is hidden inside the trunk of the tree, critical wires connecting the wall plug to the adapter and the adapter to the main electrical bus are not exposed. Further, only a single cord is required to run from the wall to the adapter in order to power the lighting elements of the tree. The unnecessary tripping hazard of multiple cords being placed around the tree is therefore avoided. For some embodiments, air gaps exist within the adapter body between both the top section of the adapter housing and the electrical components, as well as between the bottom section of the adapter housing and the board assembly. Such a configuration allows for greater heat dissipation than other adapter housing shapes where the board assembly is placed directly adjacent one of the walls of the adapter housing. Also, because the adapter of the present invention is not of the wall-outlet adapter type, there is no risk of the adapter out of vertical wall outlets due to increased weight. Moreover, the wall plug can be used easily with other electrical plugs at wall outlets or with power strips. Further, because of the adapter placement within both the base and the first trunk portion within the base, the tree accords greater stability for the portion of the tree extending therefrom.
Another feature and advantage of the various embodiments of the present invention is that the appearance of the tree and the surrounding area is more visually appealing. As mentioned, the adapter is hidden from view. Thus, no large electrical component near the tree distracts from the tree's appearance. Likewise, only a sleek wall plug is required to be plugged into an electrical outlet. No bulky-adapter distracts from the appearance of the tree. Further, in an embodiment, only a single cord runs from the wall outlet to the tree, thus minimizing the cords visible around the tree. All of these elements add to the appeal of the appearance of the tree and surrounding display.
Another feature and advantage of the various embodiments of the present invention is that the tree is more convenient to use. As mentioned, only a single plug is required to be connected to an electrical outlet in order to assemble the electrical elements of the tree, and thereby provide power to the lighting elements. Likewise, only a single plug is required to be disconnected from an electrical outlet in order to disassemble the electrical elements of the tree.
The above summary of the invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The figures and the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a modular, lighted artificial tree, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of a base of a modular, lighted artificial tree;
FIG. 3 is an exploded front view of the base of FIG. 2 with a power adapter, base-trunk portion, and power clip prior to installation, and a tree wire harness;
FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the base of FIG. 3 with a power adapter, base-trunk portion, and power clip installed in the base;
FIG. 5 is a rear elevation view of a cylindrical power adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front perspective view of the cylindrical power adapter of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the board and cover of the cylindrical power adapter of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the board and cover of the cylindrical power adapter of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a front view of a modular, lighted artificial tree including a dual-output power adapter, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a front view of another embodiment of a modular, lighted artificial tree including a dual-output power adapter that is located external to a trunk portion of the tree, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a dual-output power adapter, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a dual-output power adapter that includes light-string control circuitry, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is an electrical schematic of the tree of FIG. 9;
FIG. 14 is an electrical schematic of a modular, lighted artificial tree that includes the power adapter of FIG. 12, according to an embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 15 is an embodiment of a modular, lighted artificial tree having two dual-output power adapters.



While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a lighted artificial tree 100 of the present invention is depicted. Lighted artificial tree 100 includes base portion 102, first lighted tree portion 104, second lighted tree portion 106, and third lighted tree portion 108. In some embodiments, tree 100 can include more lighted tree portions, such as a fourth lighted tree portion, or can include fewer lighted tree portions. When tree 100 is assembled, as depicted in FIG. 1, lighted tree portions 104, 106, and 108 are aligned along a common vertical axis A and held in a generally vertical orientation by base portion 102.
Base portion 102 as depicted includes multiple legs 110 connected to a central trunk support portion 112, and an outlet-engaging plug 117 connected via input wiring 116. As depicted, trunk support portion 112 can be generally cylindrical to receive and support first tree portion 104. Although depicted as presenting a circular cross-section, trunk support section 112 may present other cross-sectional shapes, such as a square, hexagon, octagon, and so on. Base portion 102 can include an optional base-trunk portion 114 extending upwardly from trunk support portion 112 to form a portion of a trunk of tree 100. Base trunk portion may be separate from, or integrated with, trunk support portion 112. In other embodiments, base portion 102 can comprise other configurations capable of supporting and aligning tree portions 104, 106, and 108 in a steady, upright manner. Such alternate embodiments include a base portion having more or fewer legs 110, an integrated structure with an opening for receiving first lighted tree portion 104, and other such embodiments. The wiring 116 for outlet-engaging plug 117 extends from trunk support portion 112 at the end opposite the end receiving first tree portion 104. Plug 117 is adapted to be inserted into an electrical outlet in order to power lighted tree portions 104, 106, and 108.
First lighted tree portion 104 includes first trunk portion 118, first trunk wire harness 139 (see FIG. 3) one or more first light strings 120, and multiple branches 122.
First trunk portion 118 comprises a generally cylindrical, hollow structure configured to operably couple to base 102 at one end via trunk support portion 112 or optionally, base-trunk portion 114 and to operably couple to second lighted tree portion 106 at the opposite end. Multiple branches 122 are operably coupled along first trunk portion 118.
In an embodiment, first trunk wire harness 139 may be wholly or partially inside first trunk portion 118. First trunk wire harness 139 may include two or more wires, each wiring including an inner conductive portion and an outer insulative portion. In an embodiment, first trunk wire harness 139 includes only two wires, for providing power to all light strings 120, and to other tree sections. In another embodiment, first trunk wire harness 139 includes more than two wires. In such an embodiment, multiple pairs of wires power and control selected light strings 120 and/or other light strings of second tree portion 106 and third tree portion 108.
First light string 120 includes light string wiring 119 and a plurality of lighting elements 121 and is affixed to one or more branches 122 of lighted tree portion 104. Light string wiring 119 is electrically connected to first trunk harness 139. Connection of light string wiring 119 to wires of first trunk harness 139 may be accomplished by any number of known connection means, including by soldering, crimping, and use of various electrical connection devices. Lighting elements 121 can comprise incandescent bulbs, light-emitting diodes, a combination thereof, or any other known types of light-emitting elements. Lighting elements 121 may be electrically connected in parallel, series, or a combination of series and parallel, to form a parallel-connected, series-connected, parallel-series connected, or series-parallel connected first light string 120.
Similarly, second lighted tree portion 106 includes second trunk portion 124, second trunk wire harness 123, one or more second light strings 126, and multiple branches 122. Second trunk portion 124 comprises a generally cylindrical, hollow structure configured to operably couple to first trunk portion 118 at one end and to operably couple to third lighted tree portion 108 at the opposite end. Multiple branches 122 are operably coupled along second trunk portion 124. In an embodiment, second trunk wire harness 123 may be wholly or partially inside second trunk portion 124, and may include two or more wires. Second light string 126 includes light string wiring 125 and a plurality of lighting elements 127 and is affixed to one or more branches 122 of lighted tree portion 106. Second light string wiring 125 is electrically connected to second trunk harness 123. Lighting elements 127 can comprise the same lighting elements as described above with respect to lighting elements 121.
Likewise, third lighted tree portion 108 includes third trunk portion 128, third trunk wire harness 133, one or more third light strings 130, and multiple branches 122. Third trunk portion 128 comprises a generally cylindrical, hollow structure configured to operably couple to second trunk portion 118 at one end. Multiple branches 122 are operably coupled along third trunk portion 128. In an embodiment, third trunk wire harness 133 may be wholly or partially inside third trunk portion 128, and may include two or more wires. Third light string 130 includes light string wiring 129 and a plurality of lighting elements 131 and is affixed to one or more branches 122 of lighted tree portion 108. Third light string wiring 129 is electrically connected to third trunk harness 133. Lighting elements 131 can comprise the same lighting elements as described above with respect to lighting elements 121 and lighting elements 127.
Referring to FIG. 2, a more detailed front perspective view an embodiment of base portion 102 is depicted. Assembly components that aid in the construction of base 102 and further, tree 100, comprise pin 132, bolt 134, and in some embodiments, bottom cap 136, and top cap 142.
As such, trunk support portion 112 further includes aperture 140 located on one side of trunk support portion 112, typically near the bottom of trunk support portion 112, and an aperture located directly opposite aperture 140 (not shown). Trunk support portion 112 may optionally include a threaded nut 135 located on the aperture directly opposite aperture 140. Trunk support portion 112 can have ridges on its inner walls to create an opening at a point or points along trunk support portion 112 that has a relative circumference less than that of the outer walls of base-trunk portion 114. This further supports base-trunk portion 114 when base-trunk portion 114 and trunk support portion 112 are in an upright position. The ridges create a floor that base-trunk portion 114 can rest on within trunk support portion 112, in certain embodiments.
Bolt 134, as depicted, comprises a threaded bolt. Bolt 134 is insertable into aperture 140 of trunk support portion 112 and receivable by threaded nut 135 located on the aperture directly opposite aperture 140. Bolt 134, once secured, fixes base-trunk portion 114 in place. Other bolts or securing rods can be utilized in other embodiments.
As depicted, optional top cap 142 acts as a stabilizing joint between trunk support portion 112 and base-trunk portion 114. Top cap 142 can be made of metal or plastic similar to that used in other elements of tree 100. Top cap 142 is substantially cylindrical and of a size such that the inner walls of top cap 142 make an interference fit with the outer walls of trunk support portion 112 and still allowing for base-trunk portion 114 to be slidably insertable into trunk portion 112. An optional lip can engage the walls of trunk support portion 112. Top cap 142 contains one or more apertures 138 for receiving pin 132. In certain embodiments, aperture 138 can be threaded.
Pin 132 is insertable into aperture 138 of top cap 142. In embodiments, pin 132 can be threaded such that corresponding threads on aperture 138 allow for uniform insertion and receding through top cap 142. After installation of trunk support portion 112 in base-trunk portion 114, pin 132 can be inserted in aperture 138 to apply pressure to the outer walls of base-trunk portion 114 to further stabilize base-trunk portion 114 and the tree portions extending therefrom.
Bottom cap 136 is operably coupleable to the end of trunk support portion 112 distal the end of top cap 142. Bottom cap 136 can be clipable or snapable onto trunk support portion 112 and legs 110 to further define the cylinder of trunk support portion 112. Bottom cap 136 can be made of metal or plastic similar to that used in top cap 142. Bottom cap 136 is substantially cylindrical and of a size such that the inner walls of top cap 142 make an interference fit with the outer walls of trunk support portion 112.
Referring to FIG. 3, an exploded front perspective view of base 102 with a power adapter 144, base-trunk portion 114, and an optional trunk plug 150, is depicted. Wiring harness 139 is also depicted. The adapter assembly in an embodiment may therefore include adapter 144, outlet-engaging plug 117 connected via input wiring 116, end plug 148 connected via output wiring 146, and trunk plug 150.
Adapter 144 as depicted is substantially elongated and cylindrical to conform to the shape of a trunk of a lighted tree 100 so as to be inserted in the trunk. It will be understood that although adapter 144 presents a substantially circular cross sectional shape, in other embodiments, adapter 144 may present a square, hexagon, octagon, or other cross-sectional shape.
At a first end of adapter 144, input wiring 116 couples to power adapter 144 such that power can be transmitted from an external power source, which may be an AC, or other, power source, to the adapter. At an opposite, second end of adapter 144, output wiring 146 couples to adapter 144 such that power can be transmitted from the adapter to other portions of the tree, including wiring harness 139, or its sub-harnesses, wiring harnesses 119, 123, 133, light strings 120, 126, and 130, and any other electrical components of tree 100. Although depicted as a wire pair comprising two wires, output wiring 146 may comprise more than one pair of wires. In such an embodiment, each pair of wires of output wiring 146 may control selected light sets as controlled by a controller housed within power adapter 144.
Outlet-engaging plug 117, as depicted, comprises a bladed power plug for insertion into an external power source. Outlet-engaging plug 117 is sleek and compact, similar to other standard bladed power plugs. Outlet-engaging plug 117 can be colored similar to branches 122 or base 102 so that it blends with the rest of the tree 100 display. As mentioned above, adapter 144 and outlet-engaging plug 117 are coupled via input wiring 116. Input wiring 116 can be of varying length, in embodiments, in order to accommodate varying lengths of tree 100 from an electrical outlet.
End plug 148, as depicted, in an embodiment comprises a female electrical plug for receiving a corresponding male plug of trunk plug 150. In other embodiments, end plug 148 is male and the corresponding plug of trunk plug 150 is female. Regardless of the specific structure, end plug 148 functions to conveniently electrically connect power adapter 144 to wiring harnesses, lights, and other electrically transmissive or electrically power components of tree 100.
As mentioned above, adapter 144 and end plug 148 are coupled via output wiring 146. Output wiring 146 can be of varying length, in embodiments, in order to accommodate varying lengths of base-trunk portion 114, trunk portions 118, 124, and 128, as appropriate, depending on the placement of adapter 144 within tree 100, as well as opposite input wiring 116 and its extension.
Trunk plug 150, when present, comprises an interconnect plug 152, a housing 154, and a electrical connector 156. Interconnect plug 152 is coupleable with end plug 148 to receive the transformed energy from adapter 144. Interconnect plug 152 is adapted to couple to housing 154. Housing 154 provides a bulky structure for positioning and securing trunk plug 150, and particularly electrical connector 156. As depicted, housing 154 is cylindrical such that the outer walls of housing 154 can make flush contact with the inner walls of base-trunk portion 114, trunk portions 118, 124, and 128, as appropriate. In other embodiments, housing 154 may be sized such that a gap between the inner walls of base trunk portion 114 is formed. Such a gap may allow air flow around portions of housing 114, thus aiding in cooling power adapter 144. Housing 154 encompasses electrical connector 156 such that electrical connector 156 is supported and held in place by housing 154. In an embodiment, electrical connector 156 comprises a two-terminal electrical connector, such as a positive terminal and a negative terminal. In one such embodiment, and as depicted, electrical terminal 156 comprises a coaxial electrical connector. In another embodiment, electrical connector 156 may comprise one or more pins, each pin corresponding to a wire of output wiring 146. In one such embodiment, output wiring 146 includes 4 pairs of wires for powering four groups of light strings.
Thus, when properly installed, electrical connector 156 provides power to first, second, and third lighted tree portions 104, 106, and 108.
Base-trunk portion 114 which as described above may be substantially hollow, or at least include a hollow portion, houses portions of adapter assembly 143, has a first end 145 coupleable with trunk support portion 112, and a second end 147 opposite first end 145 coupleable with first trunk portion 118. Though not shown, base-trunk portion 114 can have ridges on its inner walls to create an opening at a point or points along base-trunk portion 114 that has a relative circumference less than that of the outer walls of adapter 144 in order to support cylindrical adapter 144, similar to trunk support portion 112 supporting base-trunk portion 114 as described above. Such ridges can be located near first end 145, and act as a support floor for cylindrical adapter 144. In other embodiments, no such ridges are present.
Base-trunk portion 114 may further include an aperture 149 for receiving bolt 134. Aperture 149 can align with aperture 140 of trunk support portion 112 so that bolt 134 is received by both aperture 149 and aperture 140. Base-trunk portion 114 can also include an aperture on the side opposite aperture 149 to be aligned with threaded nut 135.
Referring to FIG. 4, the adapter assembly 143 is installed in base-trunk portion 114 and subsequently in trunk support portion 112 to form an assembled base 102.
Trunk plug 150 is coupled to adapter 144 via the mating of interconnect plug 152 with end plug 148. The mating can be done subsequent to adapter 144 and wiring 146 being partially inserted through base-trunk portion 114, with entry in base-trunk portion 114 at first end 145, so that, once inserted, end plug 148 extends beyond the cylinder of base-trunk portion 114 outside of second end 147. Alternatively, the mating can be done completely outside of base-trunk portion 114, whereby outlet-engaging plug 117 and adapter 144 are subsequently inserted into base-trunk portion 114 at second end 147, leaving trunk plug 150 similarly outside of second end 147. This inserting and mating is typically required when ridges on the inner walls of base-trunk portion 114 are located near first end 145 to support adapter 144, as described above.
In yet another alternative, wires 146 extend beyond the opening of trunk portion 114, for electrical connection to other portions of tree 100, without the aid of trunk plug 150 and possibly without the use of plug 148. As such, it will be understood that power adapter 144 may be used in a variety of lighted trees with a variety of electrical wiring configurations.
Once adapter and wiring 146 are partially threaded in base-trunk portion 114, trunk plug 150 is then inserted into base-trunk portion 114 at second end 147 in the order of interconnect plug 152 first and housing 154 second. Trunk plug 150 is lowered inside base-trunk portion 114 such that it does not extend beyond the cylinder formed by base-trunk portion 114. In other embodiments, trunk plug 150 may extend beyond the cylinder formed by base-trunk portion 114. The outer walls of housing 154 are secured to the inner walls of base-trunk portion 114 so that trunk plug 150 is secured in a fixed position to base-trunk portion 114. Interconnect plug 152, and thus, coupled wiring 146, extends toward first end 145 of base-trunk portion 114 within base-trunk portion 114.
The body of adapter 144 is then fully inserted into base-trunk portion 114 at first end 145. Due to its conformal shape, which in an embodiment is cylindrical, adapter 144 is easily introduced into base-trunk portion 114. In order to accommodate the insertion of adapter 144, wiring 146 may be collapsed or folded inside base-trunk portion 114 as needed. Once so inserted, trunk plug 150, wiring 146, and adapter 144 are fully enclosed within base-trunk portion 114. As depicted, of adapter assembly 143, only outlet-engaging plug 117 and all or a portion of input wiring 116 remain outside base-trunk portion 114. In other embodiments, not including trunk plug 150, plug 148 and a portion of wiring 146 may extend, or be extendable, beyond second end 147 of base-trunk portion 114.
Base-trunk portion 114, having adapter 144, wiring 146, and trunk plug 150 enclosed, is positioned above base 102 near top cap 142. Outlet-engaging plug 117 and wiring 116 are threaded through trunk support portion 112. Bottom cap 136 can be coupled to trunk support portion 112 during outlet-engaging plug 117 and wiring 116 insertion, in embodiments. In other embodiments, bottom cap 136 can be removed prior to outlet-engaging plug 117 and wiring 116 threading and coupled to trunk support portion 112 subsequent to the threading. In yet other embodiments, rather than including a bottom cap 136, base portion 102 employs other structures to keep adapter 144 within trunk portion 112. One example of such an alternate structure is one or more internal cross members spanning the inside diameter of trunk support portion 112.
Base-trunk portion 114 is slidably inserted in trunk support portion 112, with first end 145 of base-trunk portion 114 entering trunk support portion 112 first. Base-trunk portion 114 can then be rotated within trunk support portion 112 so that aperture 140 of trunk support portion 112 and aperture 149 of base-trunk portion 114 are aligned.
Once so aligned, bolt 134 is threaded through aperture 140 of trunk support portion 112, aperture 149 of base-trunk portion 114, below adapter 144, through the opposite side apertures of base-trunk portion 114 and trunk support portion 112, and finally into threaded nut 135. Bolt 134 can be tightened into threaded nut 135 to fix base-trunk portion 114 and trunk support portion 112 in place. By the positioning of bolt 134, adapter 144 is further secured in place.
Pin 132 can likewise be threaded into top cap 142 via aperture 138 and against the outer wall of base-trunk portion 114 to further lock base-trunk portion 114 in place.
Other assembly variations are considered, according to the specific embodiment of tree 100 and base 102. Further, adapter assembly 143 can similarly be installed in first trunk portion 118, second trunk portion 124, or third trunk portion 128, in embodiments. Due to the conformal, elongated and sometimes cylindrical shape of adapter 144, adapter 144 is easily adaptable to placement within other trunk portions.
Referring to FIGS. 5-8, conformal adapter 144 of adapter assembly 143 is further depicted. Adapter 144 comprises an outer housing 161 and a printed circuit board assembly 162.
Referring specifically to FIGS. 5-6, adapter 144 is depicted with a close-up view of outer housing 161. Outer housing 161 comprises a generally cylindrical body having a first end 157 located on the end of adapter 144 that is connected to outlet-engaging plug 117 via input wiring 116, and a second end 159 located on the opposite end of adapter 144, specifically, the end connected to end plug 148 via output wiring 146. Outer housing 161 may be separated along its length to further comprise bottom housing portion 158 and top housing portion 160.
Bottom housing portion 158 in an embodiment, comprises substantially a half cylinder to form the bottom half of the walls of the cylinder of adapter 144. Bottom housing portion 158 includes one or more apertures 164 configured to receive fasteners for securing bottom housing portion 160 to top housing portion 160. As depicted in FIG. 6, a first aperture 164 is positioned near first end 157 of bottom housing portion 158, and a second aperture 164 is positioned near second end 159 of bottom housing portion 158. Referring to FIG. 8, fastener guides 174 are located at each aperture 164 within the inner walls of bottom housing portion 158. Fastener guides have apertures surrounded by guide walls to aid in fastening bottom housing portion 160 with top housing portion 158. At least one side tab 172 is positioned along the inner wall of bottom housing portion 158 to align board assembly 162 within bottom housing portion 158. Additional side tabs 172 can be positioned along the length of bottom housing portion 158 from first end 157 to second end 159. Typically, side tabs 172 are configured in opposing pairs. In other embodiments, a particular side tab 172 will not have a corresponding opposite side tab 172 located on the opposing side of bottom housing portion 158. Bottom housing portion 158 can further comprise a lip or ridge along the border where bottom housing portion 158 and top housing portion 160 meet to create a better friction fit with top housing portion 160. At each lengthwise end of bottom housing 158, apertures combine with corresponding bottom and top apertures on lengthwise ends of top housing portion 160 to allow for the entry of input wiring 116 and output wiring 146, respectively, into outer housing 161.
Top housing portion 160 comprises substantially a half cylinder to form the top half of the walls of the cylinder of adapter 144. Top housing portion 160 includes one or more fastener receiving posts 166 for receiving fasteners that secure top housing portion 160 with bottom housing portion 158. Fastener receiving posts 166 are positioned along the length of top housing portion 160 at the relative locations of apertures 164 and fastener guides 174 of bottom housing portion 158 when top housing portion 160 and bottom housing portion 158 are assembled, as depicted in FIGS. 5-6. Therefore, each aperture 164, fastener guide 174, and fastener receiving post 166 share an axis. At least one side tab 176 is positioned along the inner wall of top housing portion 160 at the relative location or locations of side tabs 172 of bottom housing portion 158 when top housing portion 160 and bottom housing portion 158 are assembled. In some embodiments, corresponding to a similar configuration of side tabs 172, side tabs 176 are configured in opposing pairs. Side tabs 176 provide an opposing force for side tabs 172 so that when outer housing 161 is fastened together, the stress of the fasteners pulling housing portions 158 and 160 together is distributed throughout top housing portion 160 and bottom housing portion 158 via the contact of side tabs 172 with side tabs 176. Therefore, stress is relieved from the fastener axes. Top housing portion 160 can further comprise a lip or ridge along the border where top housing portion 160 and bottom housing portion 158 meet to create a better friction fit with bottom housing portion 158. At each lengthwise end of top housing portion 160, apertures combine with corresponding apertures on lengthwise ends of bottom housing portion 158 to allow for the entry of input wiring 116 and output wiring 146, respectively, into outer housing 161.
Referring to FIG. 7, board assembly 162 comprises circuit board 163 and electronic components 170. Electronic components 170 include power-conditioning electronic circuitry and components. In an embodiment, electronic components 170 may also include control electronics.
Circuit board 163 in an embodiment is elongated and substantially rectangular and configured to fit lengthwise into outer housing 161. Circuit board 163 can be made of any suitable circuit board material. For example, a paper-based, fiberglass, plastic, ceramic, or metal core can be utilized. Conducting layers can be made of thin copper foil. Insulating layers dielectric are typically laminated together with epoxy resin. Further, circuit board 163 can be coated with a solder mask. In embodiments, circuit board 163 can comprise material suitable for mounting electronics in through-hole construction or point-to-point construction. One skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous circuit board constructions are possible.
Circuit board 163 may include at least one aligning notch 168. Aligning notch 168 comprises a void cut into the sidewall of circuit board 163. Aligning notch 168 is adapted to receive a portion of side tab 172. In embodiments, corresponding aligning notches 168 are located on circuit board 163 on opposing sidewall sides, in embodiments of bottom housing portion 158 where side tabs 172 are configured in opposing pairs along the inner walls of bottom housing portion 158. Aligning notches 168 are positioned along circuit board 163 at the relative location of side tabs 172 when circuit board 163 is seated within bottom housing portion 158. Thus, in order for circuit board 163 to seat properly within bottom housing portion 158, every aligning notch 168 must correspond to every side tab 172, and vice versa, in both size and location, such that side tab 172 is receivable within its corresponding aligning notch 168. Aligning notches 168 can be staggered along circuit board 163 sidewall to create a unique pattern. Accordingly, side tabs 172 can be staggered in the same pattern along the inner walls of bottom housing portion 158 so that circuit board 163 can only seat within bottom housing portion 158 in one way. Such a configuration of side tabs 172 and aligning notches 168 ensures that circuit board 163 is aligned properly within outer housing 161, which enables not only the proper function of adapter 144, but also ease of manufacturability. Further, added stability is created by the interlocking of side tabs 172 with aligning notches 168. Circuit board 163 is effectively locked in place once it is seated within bottom housing portion 158, which further aids in manufacturing.
Electronic components 170 comprise a plurality of electronic components populated on circuit board 163. Power conditioning electronic circuitry and componetry of electronic components 170 are configured to convert energy from a type useful in a standard wall circuit to one useful in powering the respective light strings of tree 100.
Electronic components 170 may include an electrical transformer for reducing incoming voltage. Electronic components 170 may also include power-conditioning components for rectifying AC power to DC, such as a full or half wave rectifier, including capacitors, as understood by those skilled in the art. In an embodiment, electronics 170 of adapter 144 converts incoming 120 VAC to 3 VDC. In other embodiments, adapter 144 may convert 110-120 VAC to 12 VAC, 12 VDC, 9 VDC, and so on. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a number of similar combinations are possible. One skilled in the art will readily understand the components required. Electronics 170 are laid out on elongated circuit board 163 such that the components can be contained within outer housing 161.
In an embodiment, electronic components 170 also include control electronics, such that conformal power adapter 144 comprises a power adapter and controller combination. Known controllers as used in decorative lighting typically are housed in a dedicated enclosure. By eliminating the need for separate, dedicate, and sometimes multiple, control boxes or housings that may be visible to a user, the aesthetics of lighted tree 100 may be further improved.
Such control electronics may comprise a processor, such as a microprocessor, microcontroller, and other such control electronics. Control electronics may also comprise memory in electrical communication with the processor for storing instructions for operating or controlling groups of light strings, individual light strings, groups of lighting elements or individual lighting elements
The control electronics may be configured to selectively control power to groupings of light strings 120, 126, and 130. In one such embodiment, a processor controls distribution of power to light strings 120, 126, and 130, by grouping all light strings 120 together for power and control, all light strings 126 together and all light strings 130 together. In this embodiment, light strings 120 may be powered independent of light strings 126 and 130; light strings 126 powered independently of light strings 120 and 130, and light strings 130 independent of 120 and 126. For example, the control electronics may cause light strings 120 to flash on and off, while light strings 126 and 130 are constantly powered.
In assembling adapter 144, board assembly 162, having input wiring 116 and output wiring 146 coupled to circuit board 163 at the appropriate respective ends, is positioned above bottom housing portion 158 such that the pattern of aligning notches 168 matches the pattern of side tabs 172. As described above, in an embodiment, input wiring 116 comprises a pair of power-carrying wires, while output wiring 146 comprises at least one pair of power-carrying wires. If power adapter 144 comprises additional control electronics, output wiring may include more than two wires.
Circuit board 163 is lowered into bottom housing portion 158 such that aligning notches 168 receive side tabs 172. Circuit board 163 is properly seated intermediate bottom housing portion 158 such that the sidewalls of circuit board 163 rest against the walls of bottom housing portion 158 and side tabs 172 are mated with aligning notches 168. Top housing portion 160 is positioned above bottom housing portion 158 such that side tabs 176 match the pattern of side tabs 172. Top housing portion 160 is lowered onto bottom housing portion 158 until the lip or ridge of top housing portion 160 meets the corresponding lip or ridge of bottom housing portion 158. Fasteners, for example, screws, are threaded through apertures 164, through fastener guides 174, and into fastener receiving posts 166 to mate bottom housing portion 158 with top housing portion 160. Adapter 144 is then fully assembled and ready for assembly into tree 100 as described above.
Referring to FIG. 8, a cross-sectional view of adapter 144 is illustrated. As depicted, circuit board 163 is seated intermediate bottom housing portion 158, as secured by the sidewalls of circuit board 163 resting against the inner walls of bottom housing portion 158 and the interlocking of side tabs 172 with aligning notches 168. Because of the positioning of circuit board 163 relative to bottom housing portion 158, an air gap exists between circuit board 163 and bottom housing portion 158, labeled gap A. Additionally, a second air gap, labeled gap B, exists between circuit board 163 and top housing portion 160.
Heat is generated by adapter electronics 170 when adapter 144 is in operation. Gaps A and B act to dissipate that heat to ensure the continued safe operation of adapter 144. The design of outer housing 161 and placement of circuit board 163 within outer housing 161 facilitates heat dissipation greater than that of traditional adapters. Traditional adapter housings typically allow heat dissipation via any air gap that may encompass the electronics on the populated side of the circuit board. Gap B provides for that dissipation. However, additional heat dissipation is allowed through gap A on the unpopulated side of circuit board 163 because the walls of bottom housing portion 158 are not immediately adjacent circuit board 163. Thus, adapter 144 provides a more effective, safer method of heat dissipation than traditional adapters.
Power adapter 144 may further dissipate heat through conduction of housing 161 to base trunk portion 114, which acts as a heat sink. Such conduction is not possible with known wall-plug-style power adapters, such that power adapter 144 provides improved heat-dissipating characteristics over the prior art.
Referring to FIG. 9, another embodiment of lighted artificial tree 200 is depicted. In this embodiment, lighted artificial tree 200 is substantially the same as lighted artificial tree 100 as described above. However, in this embodiment, lighted artificial tree 200 includes an alternate embodiment of a power adapter, power adapter 244, which comprises a dual-output power adapter. For the sake of illustration and description, tree 200 is depicted without base portion 102 and without branches 122, though it will be understood that in some embodiments, tree 200 may include branches and a base portion.
As depicted, lighted artificial tree 200 includes tree portions 104, 106, and 108, with trunk portions 118, 124, and 128, and respectively. As described in further detail below, each tree portion also includes one or more light strings, electrical connectors, and a wiring harness.
In an embodiment, lighted tree portion 104 includes not only power cord 116, trunk portion 118, and light strings 120a and 120b, but also includes wiring system 219, dual-output power adapter 244 and electrical connector 250.
In the depicted embodiment, wiring system 219 is electrically connected to dual-output power adapter 244 and electrical connector 250. In an embodiment, wiring system 219 includes first wire set 260 and second wire set 262. In an embodiment, first wire set 260 is electrically connected to dual-output power adapter 244, light strings 120a and 120b and electrical connector 250, and second wire set 262 is electrically connected to dual-output power adapter 244 and electrical connector 250. In an embodiment, first wire set 260 provides power of a first type to light strings 120a and 120b, while second wire set 260 provides power of a second type to electrical connector 250, as will be described further below.
In other embodiments, wiring system 219 includes other wire sets. In one such embodiment, a third wire set distributes control communication from control electronics to light strings. Such control electronics and control of light strings are described above with respect to tree 100.
In an embodiment, first wire set 260 is electrically connected to dual-output power adapter 244, electrical connector 250, and light strings 120a and 120b. First wire set 260 includes a plurality of wires or wire segments, including wires 264 and 266. In an embodiment, wires 264 and 266 comprise power wires of opposite polarity (or a first electrical polarity and a second electrical polarity), such as positive and negative, live/hot and neutral/ground, and so on, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill.
In an embodiment, second wire set 262 comprises a pair of wire sets 268 and 270. In an embodiment, wire set 268 comprises a single wire, and wire set 278 comprises a single wire. Wire set 262 electrically connects dual-output power adapter 244 to electrical connector 250. In an embodiment, and as will be described further below, second wire set 262 distributes a second power type from power adapter 244 to electrical connector 250. Wire set 268 may comprise a first electrical polarity, while wire set 270 comprises a second electrical polarity.
In an embodiment, dual-output power adapter 244 is substantially similar to power adapter 144 described above. However, in addition to outputting a first power type, and possibly control signals, dual-output power adapter 244 also outputs power of a second type. In an embodiment, dual-output power adapter 244 outputs a first power type, such as a low-voltage DC power so as to power LED lighting elements of light strings 120a and 120b, and also outputs a second power type, such as a high-voltage AC power to power other electrified devices associated with tree 200. It will be understood that the first power type is not limited to DC, or low voltage, and the second power type is not limited to AC or high voltage, power. Any combination of first and power types may be possible, including first and second power types both comprising AC power, or both comprising DC power, both comprising the same power type, such as 120 VAC or 9 VDC, and other such combinations.
Electrified devices associated with tree 200 may generally require, or operate on, a power or voltage type, that is different than the power type of the light strings of tree 200. In an embodiment, such electrified devices include additional light strings, lighted, musical, or moving ornament, lighted tree-top ornaments, and so on. As depicted, an associated electrified ornament 272 is electrically connected to tree 200, and lighted tree-top ornament 274 is connected to tree 200 via power receptacle 276, as will be described in further detail below. In an embodiment, lighted tree-top ornament 274 comprises a 120 VAC lighted ornament comprising lighting elements that may include incandescent or LED lighting elements. In an embodiment, ornaments 272 comprise incandescent bulbs, while light strings 130 comprise LED lighting elements.
In a specific embodiment, power adapter 244 outputs first power type comprising 9 VDC so as to provide low-voltage DC power to light strings 120a and 120b, which may comprise LED lighting elements, and also outputs a second power type comprising 120 VAC to power to ornaments 272 and 274.
Electrical connector 250 may be substantially similar to other electrical connectors described with respect to tree 100. Electrical connector 250 receives wire sets 260 and 262. In an embodiment, electrical connector 250 is located within, or partially within, trunk portion 118, and may include any of a variety of electrical terminals, contacts, or pins for making electrical connection to wire sets 260 and 262, and for connecting to corresponding electrical connector 252 of tree portion 106 so as to make an electrical connection between tree portions 104 and 106, in a manner similar to that described above with respect to tree 100.
In an embodiment, electrical connector 250 includes four terminals 280, 282, 284, and 286. Terminals 280 to 286, and other terminals of other electrical connectors described below, may comprise any of a variety of known electrical terminals, including male terminals or female terminals, including a combination thereof. Such male terminals may include blade-like terminals, pin terminals, spade terminals, and so on. Female terminals may include sockets, recessed terminals, or even flat conductive portions, which may include ring-shaped conductive portions. In an embodiment, one or more terminals 280 to 286 comprise pin terminals. Terminals 280, 282, 284 and 286 are electrically connected to wire sets 264, 266, 268 and 270.
Referring also to FIG. 10, in an alternate embodiment, tree portion 104 may also include a second electrical connector 250 located in trunk portion 118, opposite to electrical portion 250, at a bottom portion of tree portion 104. In such an embodiment, power adapter 244 may be located inside tree portion 104, as depicted, or external to tree portion 104, as depicted in FIG. 10. In one such external embodiment, dual-output power adapter 244 may be co-located with plug 117 in a common housing outside of trunk 118.
Referring again to FIG. 9, tree portion 106 of lighted artificial tree 200 is substantially similar to tree portion 104, though tree portion 104 includes two electrical connectors, 252 and 254, does not house power adapter 244, and in as depicted, is electrically connected to electrified ornament 272.
First electrical connector 252 is substantially similar to electrical connector 250, but is configured to electrically connect to connector 250. Electrical connector 250 includes terminals 300, 302, 304, and 306. Terminals 300, 302, 304 and 306 are configured to electrically connect to terminals 280, 282, 284, and 286 respectively. Such an electrical connection also connects terminals 300, 302, 304, and 306 to power adapter 244 via wire sets 260 and 262. In an embodiment, terminals 300, 302, 304 and 306 may comprise female terminals, such as a socket-like terminal, to receive male terminals 280, 282, 284 and 286, respectively. It will be understood that other embodiments of pairs of connecting or mating terminals may be used.
In an embodiment, second electrical connector 254 is substantially the same as electrical connector 250. Electrical terminal 254 includes terminals 310, 312, 314, and 316.
Tree portion 104 includes second wiring system 223, which is substantially similar to wiring system 219. Wiring system 223 includes first wire set 290 and second wire set 292. First wire set 290 is electrically connected to terminals 300 and 302 of electrical connector 252, to terminals 310 and 312 of electrical connector 254, and to light strings 126a and 126b. Second wire set 292 is electrically connected to terminals 304 and 306 of electrical connector 252, to terminals 314 and 316 of electrical connector 254.
When first tree portion 104 is mechanically coupled to second tree portion 106, an electrical connection is made between electrical connector 250 and 252, thereby distributing power output from dual-output power adapter 244 to second tree portion 106.
As depicted, electrified ornament 272 may be electrically connected to second wire set 292, which distributes second power-type power or electricity. Ornament 272 may be electrically connected to wire set 292 directly as depicted, or via an alternate electrical connector (not depicted), which may or may not allow ornament 272 to be detachably connected to wire set 292. In an embodiment, ornament 272 is detachably connected to wire set 292, such that other electrified ornaments or devices may be connected to wire set 292.
Lighted artificial tree 200 as depicted also includes tree portion 108, which is substantially similar to tree portion 108 of tree 100. In this embodiment, tree portion 108 includes electrical connector 256, which in an embodiment is substantially the same as electrical connector 252, wire set 233, one or more light strings 130, and trunk portion 128.
In an embodiment, and as depicted, an electrified ornament, such as lighted tree-top ornament 274 is coupled to trunk portion 128, and detachably, electrically connected to wire set 233.
Wire set 233 includes first wire set 320 which provides power to light strings 130, and second wire set 322. Second wire set 322 includes a pair of power wires of a first and second polarity, wire 324 and wire 326, and power receptacle 328. Power receptacle 328, commonly referred to as an “end connector”, is configured to receive power plug 330 of ornament 274. In an embodiment, and as depicted, second wire set 322 projects outwardly and away from tree portion 108, such that power plug 330 may be grasped and moved by a user so as to more easily connect to ornament 274 or another electrified device. In an alternate embodiment, power receptacle 330 is integrated into trunk portion 128 such that plug 330 may be “plugged into” tree portion 108.
In an embodiment, power receptacle 330 comprises two conductive receiver portions 332 and 334. Conductive receiver portions 332 and 334 are configured to receive and make electrical connection with conductive terminals 336 and 338 of ornament plug 330.
Electrical connector 256 includes electrical terminals 340, 342, 344, and 346. When tree portion 108 is coupled to tree portion 106, terminals 340, 342, 344, and 346 become electrically connected to terminals 310, 312, 314, and 316, respectively, and therefore to wiring system 223, wiring system 219 and to dual-output power adapter 244.
Therefore, when tree 200 is assembled such that tree portion 104 is coupled to tree portion 106, and tree portion 106 is coupled to tree portion 108, power adapter 244 provides a first type of power to, and is electrically coupled to, light strings 120, 126 and 130 (via wire sets 262, 292 and 322), and also provides a second source of power to other electrified devices (via wire sets 262, 292 and 322), including any devices connected to power receptacle 328.
Referring to FIG. 11, a block diagram of an embodiment of dual-output power adapter 244 is depicted. In this embodiment, dual-output power adapter 244 is substantially the same as power adapter 144, with the exception of some additional componentry that allows incoming voltage to be passed through adapter 244 and made available at an output of power adapter 244.
In an embodiment, dual-output power adapter 244 includes housing 161 and printed circuit board assembly 162, as described above. As described above with respect to FIG. 7, board assembly 162 comprises a circuit board and electronic components 170. Electronic components 170 include power-conditioning electronic circuitry and components. In an embodiment, electronic components 170 may also include control electronics.
Power plug wiring 116, comprising first wire 116a and second wire 116b comprise power-input wires, while wires 264, 266, 268, and 270 comprise output wires. Input wires 116a and 116b provide an incoming voltage VIN to power adapter 244. VIN is provided by an external power source, which may be accessed via a typical electrical wall outlet of a home or business.
In an embodiment, input wires 116a and 116b connect to terminal blocks 350 and 352, which effectively split the wires such that input power having voltage VIN is received by circuit board 162 and electrical components 170 via conductive paths 360 and 362, respectively. In other embodiments, configurations other than terminal blocks or strips may be used to cause incoming wires 116a and 116b to split into two pairs of conductors. In one such embodiment, printed conductive paths on printed circuit board 162 comprise conductive paths 360, 362, 364 and 366.
In the embodiment depicted, electricity flows through power adapter 244 from input wires 116a and b, along conductive paths 364 and 366 to wires 268 and 270, such that VOUT2 is therefore essentially equal to VIN. In an alternate embodiment, some power conditioning circuitry, which may comprise electrical components 170, or other electrical circuitry, may be used to condition incoming power transmitted to wires 268 and 270, such that VOUT2 is different than VIN. In an embodiment, VIN and VOUT2 are equal, and in one such embodiment, are equal to 110 VAC or 120 VAC. In another embodiment, VIN and VOUT2 are not equal. In one such embodiment, VIN may range from 110 VAC to 125 VAC, while VOUT2 is a smaller AC or DC voltage.
As also depicted, input power is converted to a first output power VOUT1 by electrical components 170. Electricity flows though power adapter 244 from input wires 116a and 116b along conductive paths 360 and 362 to power conditioning circuitry of electrical components 170, and is output along conductive paths 372 and 374. Conductive paths 372 and 374 may comprise portions of wires 264 and 266, or may comprise separate paths or conductors, such as conductive paths of printed circuit board 162.
In an embodiment, VOUT1 comprises a lower voltage as compared to VIN. In one such embodiment, VOUT1 is a DC voltage. In one such embodiment, the DC voltage is approximately 24 VDC; in another embodiment the DC voltage is approximately 9 VDC. In another embodiment, VOUT1 and VIN are substantially the same, but power output at wires 264 and 266 may otherwise be conditioned or filtered to change or improve the power output quality.
Referring to FIG. 12, an alternate embodiment of dual-output power adapter 244 is depicted. In this embodiment, adapter 244 is substantially the same as adapter 244 as depicted and described above with respect to FIG. 11. However, in the embodiment of FIG. 12, dual-output adapter 244 includes control circuitry 170b, along with power-conditioning circuitry 170a. Control circuitry of power adapters of the claimed invention are described above, and may include various controllers, processors, memory, and other such electric components for controlling, and in some cases, communicating with, light strings of tree 200.
In an embodiment, dual-output power adapter 244 includes a communication line 380 which outputs data to light strings 120, 126 and 130, thereby commanding the light strings how to operate.
In an alternate embodiment, rather than including communication line 380, dual-output power adapter 244 having control capabilities may include multiple pairs of output conductors, such as wires 264 and 266 to provide power to groups of light strings. In an embodiment, power adapter 244 includes two pairs of power output wires or conductors, one to power a first group, such as light strings 120a and 126a, and the other to power a second group of light strings, such as 120b, 126b, and 130. In such an embodiment, light strings 120a and 126a may include lighting elements having a first color, while light strings 120b, 126b and 130 have lighting elements of a second color, which may be a different color. In such an embodiment, power may be turned off to one or the other or both of the two groups of light strings, such that tree 200 may be lighted in either the first color or the second color or the combination of colors.
In another embodiment, control circuitry 170b may also control the second power output comprising wires 268 and 270 carrying the second type of power and having voltage VOUT2.
In an embodiment, control circuitry 170b may also comprise a remote control device, not depicted that a user may use to wirelessly communicate with tree 200 so as to control operation of light strings 120, 126 and 130.
Referring to FIG. 13, an electrical schematic of tree 200 when assembled and connected to an external power source, is depicted.
When tree portions 104, 106, and 108 are coupled together, via electrical connectors 250, 252, 254, and 256, a series of conductive paths are formed that extend from dual-output power adapter 244 to the topmost tree portion, tree portion 104.
A first pair of conductive paths comprising conductive paths 400 and 402, in an embodiment, provide a first type of power from an output of electrical components 170 to light strings 120a, 120b, 126a, 126b, and 130, at a voltage VOUT1. A second pair of conductive paths provide power from an output of power adapter 244 to power receptacle 328 at a second type of power having voltage VOUT2.
Referring to FIG. 14, an electrical schematic of tree 200 having control circuitry 170b, as well as power-conditioning circuitry 170a is depicted. As depicted, in this embodiment, conductive paths 400 and 402 provide power to light strings 120a, 120b, 126a, 126b, and 130, at a first voltage, VOUT1, while conductive paths 404 and 406 provide power to power receptacle 328 at a second voltage, VOUT2. Communication line 380 also extends from power adapter 244 through each tree portion, communicating with each light string, including the uppermost light string 130.
Referring to FIG. 15, an alternate embodiment of tree 200 is depicted. In this embodiment, tree 200 includes a pair of dual-output power adapters 244a and 244b. As depicted, electrical connectors 250 and 252 only require two terminals each. Electrical connector 250 includes terminals 284 and 286 carrying VOUT2; connector 252 includes terminals 304 and 306. Such an embodiment may be advantageous for trees having many light strings and/or many lighting elements that would otherwise require a relatively large, single power adapter 244. Splitting the power conversion or conditioning circuitry into two power adapters 244a and 244b reduces heat build-up, and allows for smaller power adapters to be used and fit into the respective trunks.
Various embodiments of systems, devices and methods have been described herein. These embodiments are given only by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be appreciated, moreover, that the various features of the embodiments that have been described may be combined in various ways to produce numerous additional embodiments. Moreover, while various materials, dimensions, shapes, configurations and locations, etc. have been described for use with disclosed embodiments, others besides those disclosed may be utilized without exceeding the scope of the invention.
Persons of ordinary skill in the relevant arts will recognize that the invention may comprise fewer features than illustrated in any individual embodiment described above. The embodiments described herein are not meant to be an exhaustive presentation of the ways in which the various features of the invention may be combined. Accordingly, the embodiments are not mutually exclusive combinations of features; rather, the invention may comprise a combination of different individual features selected from different individual embodiments, as understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art.
Any incorporation by reference of documents above is limited such that no subject matter is incorporated that is contrary to the explicit disclosure herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above is further limited such that no claims included in the documents are incorporated by reference herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above is yet further limited such that any definitions provided in the documents are not incorporated by reference herein unless expressly included herein.
For purposes of interpreting the claims for the present invention, it is expressly intended that the provisions of Section 112, sixth paragraph of 35 U.S.C. are not to be invoked unless the specific terms “means for” or “step for” are recited in a claim.

## Claims

1. A lighted artificial tree, comprising:
a first tree portion including a trunk portion, a wiring system, an electrical connector, and a light string having a plurality of lighting elements, the electrical connector and wiring system positioned at least partially within a cavity of the trunk portion, the wiring system electrically connected to the electrical connector and the light string, the electrical connector including four conductive terminals;
a second tree portion including a trunk portion, a wiring system, an electrical connector, and a light string having a plurality of lighting elements, the wiring system electrically connected to the electrical connector and the light string, the electrical connector including four conductive terminals;
a power adapter configured to receive an input power and output an output power,
wherein the wiring system of the first tree portion is configured to transmit the input power to two terminals of the four conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the first tree portion, and is configured to transmit the output power to the other two terminals of the four conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the first tree portion, and
the first tree portion is configured to couple to the second tree portion such that the electrical connector of the first tree portion is in electrical connection with the electrical connector of the second tree portion, thereby transmitting the input power and the output power from the first tree portion to the second tree portion when the first or the second tree portion is connected to an external source of input power.

2. The lighted artificial tree of claim 1, wherein the input power is an alternating-current power and the output power is a direct-current power.

3. The lighted artificial tree of claim 1, further comprising a power receptacle connected to a pair of wires extending outwardly and away from the trunk portion of the second tree portion, the power receptacle connected to the two terminals of the four conductive terminals configured to transmit the input power.

4. The lighted artificial tree of claim 1, wherein the input power is an alternating-current (AC) power, and the output power is an AC power, the input power having a voltage greater than a voltage of the output power.

5. The lighted artificial tree of claim 1, wherein the power adapter is located within a trunk cavity of the first tree portion.

6. The lighted artificial tree of claim 1, further comprising control electronics configured to receive the output power, the control electronics for controlling the plurality of lighting elements of the light string of the first tree portion.

7. A lighted artificial tree, comprising:
a first tree portion including a trunk portion, a wiring system, an electrical connector, and a light string having a plurality of lighting elements, the electrical connector and wiring system positioned at least partially within a cavity of the trunk portion, the wiring system electrically connected to the electrical connector and the light string, the electrical connector including four conductive terminals;
a second tree portion including a trunk portion, a wiring system, an electrical connector, and a light string having a plurality of lighting elements, the wiring system electrically connected to the electrical connector and the light string, the electrical connector including four conductive terminals;
a power adapter configured to receive an input power and output an output power for powering the lighting elements of the light string of the first tree portion and the lighting elements of the light string of the second tree portion;
control electronics, including a processor, the control electronics configured to transmit a control signal to the plurality of lighting elements of the light string of the first tree portion and to two of the conductive terminals of the four conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the first tree portion; and
wherein the first tree portion is configured to couple to the second tree portion such that the electrical connector of the first tree portion is coupled to the electrical connector of the second tree portion, such that the four conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the first tree portion connect with the four conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the second tree portion.

8. The lighted artificial tree of claim 7, wherein the control signal causes the lighting elements of the light string of the first tree portion to be selectively powered.

9. The lighted artificial tree of claim 8, wherein the light string of the second tree portion is configured to receive the control signal, and the control signal causes the lighting elements of the light string of the second tree portion to be selectively powered.

10. The lighted artificial tree of claim 7, wherein the control signal causes the lighting elements of the light string of the second tree portion to be powered independent of the powering of the lighting elements of the light string of the first tree portion.

11. The lighted artificial tree of claim 7, wherein the first tree portion includes another light string having another plurality of lighting elements, the light string and the another light string being powered independent of one another.

12. The lighted artificial tree of claim 11, wherein the control electronics is further configured to control the lighting elements of the light strings of the first tree portion such that the lighting elements of the light string are constantly powered on while the lighting elements of the another light string are selectively powered on and off.

13. The lighted artificial tree of claim 7, further comprising a remote-control device configured to wirelessly communicate with the control electronics.

14. The lighted artificial tree of claim 7, further comprising power-conditioning circuitry configured to provide power to the control electronics.

15. The lighted artificial tree of claim 7, further comprising a power receptacle configured to receive the input power transmitted through two of the conductive terminals of the four conductive terminals of the first tree portion, the two of the conducting terminals transmitting the input power being different than the two of the conductive terminals of the four conductive terminals of the first tree portion configured to receive the control signal.

16. A lighted artificial tree, comprising:
a first tree portion including a trunk portion, an electrical connector, a first plurality of lighting elements, and a second plurality of lighting elements, the electrical connector positioned at least partially within a cavity of the trunk portion, the electrical connector electrically connected to the first plurality of lighting elements and the second plurality of lighting elements, the electrical connector including four conductive terminals;
a second tree portion including a trunk portion, an electrical connector, a first plurality of lighting elements and a second plurality of lighting elements, the electrical connector electrically connected to the first plurality of lighting elements and the second plurality of lighting elements, the electrical connector including four conductive terminals;
power and control electronics configured to selectively output a first power having a first voltage and a second power having a second voltage;
wherein the first plurality of lighting elements of each of the first and the second tree portions are configured to receive the first power having the first voltage, and the second plurality of lighting elements of each of the first and the second tree portions are configured to receive the second power having the second voltage.

17. The lighted artificial tree of claim 16, wherein the first tree portion is configured to couple to the second tree portion such that the electrical connector of the first tree portion is coupled to the electrical connector of the second tree portion, such that the four conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the first tree portion connect with the four conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the second tree portion, and such that two conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the first tree portion and two of the conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the second tree portion transmit the first power and two conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the first tree portion and two of the conductive terminals of the electrical connector of the second tree portion transmit the second power.

18. The lighted artificial tree of claim 16, wherein at least one of the conductive terminals of the four conductive terminals of the first tree portion comprises a pin terminal or a ring-shaped terminal, and at least one of the conductive terminals of the four conductive terminals comprises a ring-shaped terminal configured to receive the pin terminal of the electrical connector of the first tree portion or is configured to comprise a pin terminal to be received by the ring-shaped terminal of the electrical connector of the first tree portion.

19. The lighted artificial tree of claim 16, wherein the first voltage is a direct-current (DC) voltage and the second voltage is a DC voltage, and the first voltage is lower than the second voltage.

20. The lighted artificial tree of claim 16, wherein the first voltage is an alternating-current (AC) voltage and the second voltage is an AC voltage, and the first voltage is lower than the second voltage.

21. The lighted artificial tree of claim 16, wherein the first voltage is a direct-current (DC) voltage, and the second voltage is an alternating-current (AC) voltage.

22. The lighted artificial tree of claim 16, wherein the control electronics includes a processor, the processor in electrical connection with the first and second pluralities of lighting elements of the first tree portion and the first and second pluralities of lighting elements of the second tree portion, the processor configured to cause the first plurality of lighting elements to be powered when the second plurality of lighting elements are not powered.