Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-20-1650 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 4, 2020

Technical information: 

Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data errors 

associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation classification system. The 

corrections affected a limited number of historical data series presented in tables A-8 and A-9 of 

this release; for these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, including the official 

unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online database were corrected for 

January–July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see 

www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-throughJuly-2020.htm .) 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2020

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.4 million in August, and the unemployment rate fell to 

8.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These improvements in the labor market 

reflect the continued resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due to the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. In August, an increase in government employment 

largely reflected temporary hiring for the 2020 Census. Notable job gains also occurred in retail trade, in 

professional and business services, in leisure and hospitality, and in education and health services. 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

August 2018 – August 2020

Percent

-25,000

-20,000

-15,000

-10,000

-5,000

0

5,000

10,000

Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, August 2018 – August 2020

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20
-2-

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

 

In August, the unemployment rate declined by 1.8 percentage points to 8.4 percent, and the number of 

unemployed persons fell by 2.8 million to 13.6 million. Both measures have declined for 4 consecutive 

months but are higher than in February, by 4.9 percentage points and 7.8 million, respectively. (See 

table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the 

coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 6.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in August for adult men (8.0 

percent), adult women (8.4 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), Whites (7.3 percent), Blacks (13.0 

percent), and Hispanics (10.5 percent). The jobless rate for Asians (10.7 percent) changed little over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 3.1 million in 

August to 6.2 million, down considerably from the series high of 18.1 million in April. In August, the 

number of permanent job losers increased by 534,000 to 3.4 million; this measure has risen by 2.1 

million since February. The number of unemployed reentrants to the labor force declined by 263,000 to 

2.1 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force prior to 

beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.) 

The number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks decreased by 921,000 to 2.3 

million in August, and the number of persons jobless 5 to 14 weeks fell by 2.0 million to 3.1 million.

The long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) numbered 1.6 million, little changed

over the month. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate increased by 0.3 percentage point to 61.7 percent in August but is 

1.7 percentage points below its February level. Total employment, as measured by the household survey, 

rose by 3.8 million in August to 147.3 million. The employment-population ratio rose by 1.4 

percentage points to 56.5 percent but is 4.6 percentage points lower than in February. (See table A-1.) 

In August, the number of persons who usually work full time rose by 2.8 million to 122.4 million, and 

the number who usually work part time increased by 991,000 to 25.0 million. Part-time workers 

accounted for about one-fourth of the over-the-month employment gain. (See table A-9.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as

involuntary part-time workers) declined by 871,000 to 7.6 million in August, reflecting a decrease in the

number of people who worked part time due to slack work or business conditions (-1.1 million). The 

number of involuntary part-time workers is 3.3 million higher than in February. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. This group includes persons who usually work full 

time and persons who usually work part time. (See table A-8.) 

In August, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 

747,000 to 7.0 million; this measure is 2.0 million higher than in February. These individuals were not 
-3-

counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were

unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally 

attached to the labor force, at 2.1 million, changed little in August. These individuals had not actively

looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey but wanted a job, were available for work, and had 

looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 

marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased by 130,000 in August 

to 535,000. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In August, 24.3 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down 

from 26.4 percent in July. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home for 

pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the coronavirus pandemic. 

In August, 24.2 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 31.3 million in July. 

Among those who reported in August that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related 

closures or lost business, 11.6 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours 

not worked. 

About 5.2 million persons not in the labor force in August were prevented from looking for work due 

to the pandemic. This is down from 6.5 million in July. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, 

individuals must either be actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May to help 

gauge the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. 

Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 1.4 million in August, following increases of larger 

magnitude in the prior 3 months. In August, nonfarm employment was below its February level by 11.5 

million, or 7.6 percent. Government employment rose in August, largely reflecting temporary hiring for 

the 2020 Census. Notable job gains also occurred in retail trade, in professional and business services, in 

leisure and hospitality, and in education and health services. (See table B-1. For more information about 

how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box 

note on page 6.) 

Employment in government increased by 344,000 in August, accounting for one-fourth of the over-themonth gain in total nonfarm employment. A job gain in federal government (+251,000) reflected the 

hiring of 238,000 temporary 2020 Census workers. Local government employment rose by 95,000 over 

the month. Overall, government employment is 831,000 below its February level. 

Retail trade added 249,000 jobs in August, with almost half the growth occurring in general 

merchandise stores (+116,000). Notable gains also occurred in motor vehicle and parts dealers 
-4-

(+22,000), electronics and appliance stores (+21,000), and miscellaneous store retailers (+17,000). 

Employment in retail trade is 655,000 lower than in February. 

In August, employment in professional and business services increased by 197,000. More than half of 

the gain occurred in temporary help services (+107,000). Architectural and engineering services 

(+14,000), business support services (+13,000), and computer systems design and related services 

(+13,000) also added jobs over the month. Employment in professional and business services is 1.5 

million below its February level. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 174,000 in August, with about three-fourths of the 

gain occurring in food services and drinking places (+134,000). Despite job gains totaling 3.6 million 

over the last 4 months, employment in food services and drinking places is down by 2.5 million since 

February. 

In August, employment in education and health services increased by 147,000 but is 1.5 million below 

February’s level. Health care employment increased by 75,000 over the month, with gains in offices of 

physicians (+27,000), offices of dentists (+22,000), hospitals (+14,000), and home health care services 

(+12,000). Elsewhere in health care, job losses continued in nursing and residential care facilities 

(-14,000). Employment in private education rose by 57,000 over the month. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 78,000 in August, with gains in warehousing 

and storage (+34,000), transit and ground passenger transportation (+11,000), and truck transportation 

(+10,000). Employment in transportation and warehousing is down by 381,000 since February. 

The other services industry added 74,000 jobs in August, reflecting gains in membership associations 

and organizations (+31,000), repair and maintenance (+29,000), and personal and laundry services 

(+14,000). Employment in other services is 531,000 lower than in February. 

Financial activities added 36,000 jobs in August, with most of the growth in real estate and rental and 

leasing (+23,000). Employment in financial activities is down by 191,000 since February. 

In August, manufacturing employment rose by 29,000, with gains concentrated in the nondurable 

goods component (+27,000). Despite gains in recent months, employment in manufacturing is 720,000 

below February’s level.

Employment in wholesale trade increased by 14,000 in August, reflecting an increase of 9,000 in the 

nondurable goods component. Wholesale trade employment has declined by 328,000 since February. 

In August, employment changed little in mining, construction, and information. 

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 11 cents to 

$29.47. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees 

increased by 18 cents to $24.81, following a decrease of 10 cents in the prior month. The large 

employment fluctuations over the past several months—especially in industries with lower-paid 

workers—complicate the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.6 

hours in August. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.3 hour to 40.0 hours, and overtime increased 
-5-

by 0.1 hour to 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 10,000, from 

+4,791,000 to +4,781,000, and the change for July was revised down by 29,000, from +1,763,000 to 

+1,734,000. With these revisions, employment in June and July combined was 39,000 less than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

____________ 

The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 2, 2020, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
-6-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on August 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data 

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the 

establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the establishments are assigned to four regional data 

collection centers for collection. Although these centers were closed, interviewers at these centers 

worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report 

electronically. The collection rate for the establishment survey was 77 percent in August, higher than the 

average for the 12 months ending in February 2020. The household survey is generally conducted 

through in-person and telephone interviews. However, for the safety of both interviewers and 

respondents, the vast majority of interviews were done by telephone, with in-person interviews 

conducted on a limited basis in some areas of the country. The household survey response rate was 70 

percent in August, up from the low of 65 percent in June but well below the average rate of 83 percent 

for the 12 months prior to the pandemic. 

In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period 

including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. 

Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not 

counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits. 

In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force 

based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the survey reference week 

(August 9th through August 15th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire survey 

reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on temporary 

layoff. As in recent months, a large number of persons were classified as unemployed on temporary 

layoff in August. 

Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed persons absent 

from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures or cutbacks as unemployed on 

temporary layoff. BLS and Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest there still may be

some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as unemployed on temporary 

layoff. However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was much smaller in July and 

August than in prior months. 

For March through July, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate would have been 

had misclassified workers been included. Repeating this same approach, the overall August 

unemployment rate would have been 0.7 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents 

the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the 

misclassification error. 

According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain 

data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. 

More information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-august2020.htm . 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Change from:

July 2020-

Aug. 2020

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 259,432 260,204 260,373 260,558 185

Civilian labor force........................................................... 163,894 159,932 159,870 160,838 968

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.2 61.5 61.4 61.7 0.3

Employed................................................................... 157,895 142,182 143,532 147,288 3,756

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.9 54.6 55.1 56.5 1.4

Unemployed............................................................... 5,999 17,750 16,338 13,550 -2,788

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.7 11.1 10.2 8.4 -1.8

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,538 100,273 100,503 99,720 -783

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.7 11.1 10.2 8.4 -1.8

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.3 10.2 9.4 8.0 -1.4

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.3 11.2 10.5 8.4 -2.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.5 23.2 19.3 16.1 -3.2

White.......................................................................... 3.4 10.1 9.2 7.3 -1.9

Black or African American.................................................. 5.4 15.4 14.6 13.0 -1.6

Asian.......................................................................... 2.8 13.8 12.0 10.7 -1.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.2 14.5 12.9 10.5 -2.4

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 2.9 9.7 9.1 7.6 -1.5

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.4 16.6 15.4 12.6 -2.8

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.6 12.1 10.8 9.8 -1.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.0 10.9 10.0 8.0 -2.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.1 6.9 6.7 5.3 -1.4

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,864 14,272 12,924 10,307 -2,617

Job leavers...................................................................... 784 565 571 589 18

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,785 2,356 2,358 2,095 -263

New entrants.................................................................... 577 563 513 554 41

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,218 2,838 3,202 2,281 -921

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,746 11,496 5,169 3,134 -2,035

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 831 1,903 6,484 6,517 33

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,251 1,391 1,501 1,624 123

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,381 9,062 8,443 7,572 -871

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,683 7,939 7,281 6,214 -1,067

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,338 942 1,048 1,139 91

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,673 17,137 17,792 18,630 838

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,548 2,471 1,979 2,080 101

Discouraged workers........................................................ 440 681 665 535 -130

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 4,781 1,734 1,371

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 4,729 1,481 1,027

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 485 61 43

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 -7 -7 -2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 159 27 16

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 333 41 29

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 265 26 2

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 187.5 44.9 -5.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 68 15 27

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 4,244 1,420 984

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 51.9 -19.6 13.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 858.0 236.2 248.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4.1 87.2 48.8 78.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.7 -2.9 0.6 0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 7 -9 15

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 20 13 36

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 311 153 197

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 144.6 121.8 106.7

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 567 222 147

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 466.2 195.7 90.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1,979 621 174

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 366 154 74

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 52 253 344

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 -4,427 3,080 2,629

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 -3,957 3,149 2,412

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 49.5 49.7 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.1 48.2 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 81.0 81.2 81.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $28.16 $29.32 $29.36 $29.47

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $968.70 $1,014.47 $1,012.92 $1,019.66

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.0 101.2 102.2 103.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 3.9 1.0 1.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.4 141.8 143.4 145.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 2.6 1.1 1.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 76.0 59.9 69.0

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 79.6 48.0 59.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,432 260,373 260,558 259,432 259,896 260,047 260,204 260,373 260,558

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164,019 161,374 160,966 163,894 156,481 158,227 159,932 159,870 160,838

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 62.0 61.8 63.2 60.2 60.8 61.5 61.4 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,816 144,492 147,224 157,895 133,403 137,242 142,182 143,532 147,288

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 55.5 56.5 60.9 51.3 52.8 54.6 55.1 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,203 16,882 13,742 5,999 23,078 20,985 17,750 16,338 13,550

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 10.5 8.5 3.7 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,413 98,998 99,592 95,538 103,415 101,820 100,273 100,503 99,720

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331 8,003 7,184 5,117 9,916 8,962 8,195 7,732 6,985

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,481 125,944 126,036 125,481 125,707 125,782 125,860 125,944 126,036

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,155 85,685 85,600 86,824 83,139 83,900 84,596 84,533 85,315

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 68.0 67.9 69.2 66.1 66.7 67.2 67.1 67.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,077 77,375 78,711 83,613 71,916 73,702 75,629 76,212 78,255

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 61.4 62.5 66.6 57.2 58.6 60.1 60.5 62.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,078 8,310 6,889 3,210 11,223 10,199 8,967 8,321 7,061

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.7 8.0 3.7 13.5 12.2 10.6 9.8 8.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,326 40,258 40,436 38,657 42,569 41,881 41,264 41,411 40,720

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,040 117,580 117,672 117,040 117,330 117,410 117,492 117,580 117,672

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,939 82,353 82,554 83,852 80,461 81,057 81,995 81,904 82,512

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 70.0 70.2 71.6 68.6 69.0 69.8 69.7 70.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,272 74,756 76,178 81,046 69,977 71,672 73,641 74,184 75,945

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 63.6 64.7 69.2 59.6 61.0 62.7 63.1 64.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,667 7,597 6,376 2,806 10,483 9,385 8,354 7,720 6,567

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 9.2 7.7 3.3 13.0 11.6 10.2 9.4 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,101 35,227 35,118 33,187 36,870 36,352 35,497 35,676 35,160

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,951 134,429 134,523 133,951 134,189 134,265 134,344 134,429 134,523

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,864 75,689 75,366 77,070 73,343 74,327 75,336 75,337 75,523

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 56.3 56.0 57.5 54.7 55.4 56.1 56.0 56.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,740 67,117 68,513 74,282 61,487 63,540 66,552 67,320 69,033

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 49.9 50.9 55.5 45.8 47.3 49.5 50.1 51.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,125 8,572 6,853 2,788 11,855 10,787 8,783 8,017 6,489

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 11.3 9.1 3.6 16.2 14.5 11.7 10.6 8.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,087 58,740 59,156 56,881 60,847 59,938 59,009 59,092 59,000

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,705 126,243 126,336 125,705 125,991 126,072 126,155 126,243 126,336

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,756 72,404 72,415 74,116 70,913 71,558 72,580 72,720 72,715

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 57.4 57.3 59.0 56.3 56.8 57.5 57.6 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,983 64,384 65,997 71,665 59,947 61,638 64,426 65,113 66,637

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 51.0 52.2 57.0 47.6 48.9 51.1 51.6 52.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,773 8,020 6,418 2,451 10,966 9,920 8,154 7,607 6,078

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 11.1 8.9 3.3 15.5 13.9 11.2 10.5 8.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,949 53,839 53,921 51,590 55,079 54,514 53,575 53,523 53,622

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,687 16,550 16,550 16,687 16,574 16,566 16,557 16,550 16,550

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,324 6,618 5,998 5,926 5,108 5,612 5,356 5,245 5,611

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 40.0 36.2 35.5 30.8 33.9 32.3 31.7 33.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,560 5,353 5,049 5,184 3,479 3,932 4,114 4,235 4,706

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 32.3 30.5 31.1 21.0 23.7 24.8 25.6 28.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 1,265 949 742 1,628 1,681 1,242 1,011 905

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 19.1 15.8 12.5 31.9 29.9 23.2 19.3 16.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,363 9,932 10,552 10,761 11,467 10,953 11,201 11,304 10,939

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,953 201,319 201,417 200,953 201,082 201,154 201,233 201,319 201,417

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,920 124,664 124,491 126,853 121,242 122,661 124,009 123,618 124,471

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 61.9 61.8 63.1 60.3 61.0 61.6 61.4 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,439 112,913 115,205 122,566 104,065 107,499 111,538 112,226 115,354

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 56.1 57.2 61.0 51.8 53.4 55.4 55.7 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,481 11,752 9,286 4,286 17,176 15,162 12,470 11,392 9,118

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.4 7.5 3.4 14.2 12.4 10.1 9.2 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,033 76,655 76,927 74,100 79,840 78,493 77,224 77,701 76,946

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,119 64,672 64,909 66,064 63,645 64,125 64,688 64,420 64,911

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 70.1 70.3 71.8 69.1 69.5 70.1 69.8 70.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,252 59,432 60,577 64,099 55,776 57,263 58,898 59,054 60,425

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 64.4 65.6 69.6 60.5 62.1 63.8 64.0 65.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,867 5,240 4,331 1,965 7,869 6,862 5,790 5,367 4,485

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 8.1 6.7 3.0 12.4 10.7 9.0 8.3 6.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,839 54,843 54,837 56,152 53,634 54,294 55,147 55,124 55,124

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 56.6 56.6 58.1 55.4 56.1 56.9 56.9 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,798 49,214 50,557 54,379 45,563 47,195 49,440 49,822 51,124

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 50.8 52.2 56.3 47.1 48.8 51.1 51.4 52.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,042 5,629 4,279 1,773 8,071 7,099 5,707 5,302 4,000

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 10.3 7.8 3.2 15.0 13.1 10.3 9.6 7.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,962 5,150 4,746 4,636 3,963 4,242 4,174 4,074 4,437

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 42.4 39.1 37.9 32.6 34.9 34.4 33.6 36.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,389 4,266 4,070 4,088 2,727 3,041 3,201 3,350 3,805

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.9 35.1 33.5 33.4 22.4 25.0 26.4 27.6 31.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 884 676 548 1,236 1,202 973 724 632

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 17.2 14.2 11.8 31.2 28.3 23.3 17.8 14.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,081 33,353 33,386 33,081 33,267 33,294 33,323 33,353 33,386

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,645 20,321 20,199 20,604 19,487 19,858 20,010 20,094 20,150

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 60.9 60.5 62.3 58.6 59.6 60.0 60.2 60.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,503 17,283 17,551 19,485 16,240 16,523 16,927 17,161 17,528

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 51.8 52.6 58.9 48.8 49.6 50.8 51.5 52.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,143 3,038 2,648 1,119 3,247 3,334 3,083 2,933 2,621

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 15.0 13.1 5.4 16.7 16.8 15.4 14.6 13.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,435 13,031 13,187 12,477 13,780 13,436 13,313 13,258 13,237

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,546 9,319 9,331 9,487 8,880 8,970 9,161 9,229 9,277

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 66.3 66.3 68.2 63.4 63.9 65.2 65.6 65.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,005 7,923 8,125 8,937 7,448 7,583 7,670 7,827 8,051

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 56.4 57.7 64.3 53.2 54.1 54.6 55.7 57.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 1,396 1,206 550 1,432 1,388 1,492 1,402 1,225

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 15.0 12.9 5.8 16.1 15.5 16.3 15.2 13.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,346 10,136 10,141 10,400 9,995 10,097 10,113 10,156 10,174

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 60.0 60.0 62.2 59.4 59.9 60.0 60.2 60.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,858 8,702 8,870 9,944 8,351 8,426 8,693 8,785 8,949

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 51.6 52.5 59.5 49.6 50.0 51.6 52.0 53.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 1,433 1,271 456 1,644 1,671 1,420 1,371 1,224

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 14.1 12.5 4.4 16.4 16.5 14.0 13.5 12.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 866 727 717 612 791 735 709 699

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.6 35.9 30.1 29.1 25.2 32.7 30.4 29.4 29.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 657 556 604 441 515 564 549 527

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 27.2 23.0 24.6 18.2 21.3 23.3 22.7 21.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 209 171 113 171 276 171 160 172

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 24.2 23.5 15.8 28.0 34.9 23.2 22.5 24.6

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,433 16,420 16,597 16,433 16,363 16,385 16,471 16,420 16,597

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,554 10,481 10,627 10,527 9,938 9,968 10,108 10,408 10,595

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 63.8 64.0 64.1 60.7 60.8 61.4 63.4 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,248 9,207 9,491 10,227 8,499 8,475 8,717 9,163 9,462

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 56.1 57.2 62.2 51.9 51.7 52.9 55.8 57.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 1,274 1,136 299 1,438 1,493 1,392 1,245 1,133

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 12.2 10.7 2.8 14.5 15.0 13.8 12.0 10.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,879 5,939 5,969 5,906 6,425 6,417 6,362 6,012 6,001

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,630 44,212 44,300 43,630 43,975 44,053 44,132 44,212 44,300

Civilian labor force................................ 29,065 28,737 28,901 29,088 27,841 28,218 28,907 28,560 28,925

Participation rate............................... 66.6 65.0 65.2 66.7 63.3 64.1 65.5 64.6 65.3

Employed....................................... 27,849 24,998 25,859 27,876 22,579 23,241 24,711 24,885 25,886

Employment-population ratio............... 63.8 56.5 58.4 63.9 51.3 52.8 56.0 56.3 58.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,216 3,739 3,042 1,213 5,263 4,977 4,195 3,675 3,040

Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 13.0 10.5 4.2 18.9 17.6 14.5 12.9 10.5

Not in labor force................................. 14,565 15,475 15,399 14,542 16,133 15,834 15,225 15,652 15,375

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,726 15,538 15,763 15,719 15,337 15,493 15,588 15,488 15,761

Participation rate............................... 79.8 77.8 78.8 79.8 77.2 77.9 78.2 77.6 78.8

Employed....................................... 15,244 13,832 14,261 15,191 12,776 13,154 13,590 13,728 14,213

Employment-population ratio............... 77.4 69.3 71.3 77.1 64.3 66.1 68.2 68.8 71.0

Unemployed.................................... 482 1,706 1,502 528 2,561 2,338 1,999 1,761 1,549

Unemployment rate......................... 3.1 11.0 9.5 3.4 16.7 15.1 12.8 11.4 9.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,034 11,825 11,831 12,119 11,348 11,510 11,999 11,881 11,904

Participation rate............................... 60.4 58.5 58.4 60.8 56.4 57.1 59.4 58.7 58.7

Employed....................................... 11,494 10,124 10,547 11,609 9,060 9,326 10,158 10,217 10,649

Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 50.0 52.0 58.2 45.0 46.3 50.3 50.5 52.5

Unemployed.................................... 540 1,701 1,284 510 2,288 2,184 1,841 1,664 1,255

Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 14.4 10.9 4.2 20.2 19.0 15.3 14.0 10.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,305 1,374 1,307 1,250 1,157 1,216 1,319 1,191 1,260

Participation rate............................... 32.6 34.2 32.5 31.3 28.9 30.3 32.9 29.7 31.3

Employed....................................... 1,111 1,042 1,051 1,075 743 761 964 940 1,024

Employment-population ratio............... 27.8 25.9 26.1 26.9 18.6 19.0 24.0 23.4 25.5

Unemployed.................................... 194 332 256 175 414 454 355 251 236

Unemployment rate......................... 14.9 24.2 19.6 14.0 35.8 37.4 26.9 21.0 18.7

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,062 8,093 8,545 10,020 8,595 8,212 8,342 8,255 8,500

Participation rate.................................. 47.3 44.0 45.1 47.1 42.8 41.9 42.9 44.9 44.9

Employed.......................................... 9,585 6,884 7,536 9,478 6,774 6,577 6,958 6,981 7,427

Employment-population ratio................. 45.0 37.4 39.8 44.5 33.7 33.5 35.7 38.0 39.2

Unemployed....................................... 477 1,209 1,009 542 1,821 1,634 1,385 1,274 1,073

Unemployment rate............................ 4.7 14.9 11.8 5.4 21.2 19.9 16.6 15.4 12.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,554 33,934 34,365 36,313 33,252 33,792 33,598 33,942 34,129

Participation rate.................................. 57.7 55.4 55.3 57.3 54.6 55.0 55.3 55.4 54.9

Employed.......................................... 35,252 30,274 31,007 35,011 27,505 28,605 29,519 30,266 30,768

Employment-population ratio................. 55.6 49.4 49.9 55.3 45.1 46.6 48.6 49.4 49.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,302 3,660 3,358 1,302 5,747 5,187 4,079 3,677 3,361

Unemployment rate............................ 3.6 10.8 9.8 3.6 17.3 15.3 12.1 10.8 9.8

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,404 36,459 36,155 37,701 35,860 36,381 36,661 36,455 36,427

Participation rate.................................. 65.1 63.4 63.5 65.6 62.5 63.3 63.8 63.4 64.0

Employed.......................................... 36,191 32,755 33,169 36,558 30,485 31,559 32,662 32,816 33,504

Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 57.0 58.3 63.6 53.1 54.9 56.9 57.1 58.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,213 3,704 2,987 1,143 5,376 4,821 3,999 3,639 2,922

Unemployment rate............................ 3.2 10.2 8.3 3.0 15.0 13.3 10.9 10.0 8.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 58,295 61,410 61,379 58,866 60,127 60,442 61,861 61,847 61,930

Participation rate.................................. 73.2 71.6 72.1 74.0 71.6 71.9 72.7 72.1 72.8

Employed.......................................... 56,891 57,072 57,935 57,630 55,084 55,992 57,614 57,710 58,654

Employment-population ratio................. 71.5 66.6 68.1 72.4 65.6 66.6 67.7 67.3 68.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,405 4,338 3,444 1,236 5,043 4,450 4,247 4,137 3,276

Unemployment rate............................ 2.4 7.1 5.6 2.1 8.4 7.4 6.9 6.7 5.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,776 18,422 16,890 16,515 1,886 1,907

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,196 8,821 8,110 7,796 1,086 1,025

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.0 47.9 48.0 47.2 57.6 53.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,873 8,261 7,821 7,320 1,052 941

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 44.8 46.3 44.3 55.8 49.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 560 289 476 34 84

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 6.4 3.6 6.1 3.2 8.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,580 9,601 8,780 8,719 800 882

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,360 4,578 3,619 3,833 740 744

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,478 3,637 2,989 3,171 490 467

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.8 79.5 82.6 82.7 66.2 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,339 3,382 2,866 2,936 473 446

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 73.9 79.2 76.6 63.9 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 256 123 235 17 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 7.0 4.1 7.4 3.4 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 940 631 663 251 278

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,059 3,002 2,567 2,479 493 524

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,336 2,214 1,998 1,841 338 372

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 73.7 77.8 74.3 68.6 71.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,257 2,110 1,927 1,782 330 328

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.8 70.3 75.1 71.9 67.0 62.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 104 71 60 8 44

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.7 3.6 3.2 2.5 11.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 789 569 637 155 152

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,162 6,776 6,915 6,539 247 237

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,429 1,165 1,380 1,142 49 23

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 17.2 20.0 17.5 19.8 9.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,387 1,093 1,345 1,073 43 20

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 16.1 19.4 16.4 17.4 8.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 72 35 69 6 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.2 2.6 6.0 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,733 5,611 5,535 5,397 198 214

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,195 4,066 3,789 3,664 406 402

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,953 1,806 1,744 1,642 209 164

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.6 44.4 46.0 44.8 51.5 40.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,890 1,677 1,684 1,529 206 148

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 41.2 44.4 41.7 50.8 36.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 129 59 113 3 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 7.1 3.4 6.9 1.5 9.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,242 2,260 2,045 2,022 197 238

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232,023 233,177 104,201 105,012 127,821 128,165

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,502 149,789 77,872 76,683 74,630 73,106

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 64.2 74.7 73.0 58.4 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,893 136,921 75,226 70,410 71,667 66,511

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 58.7 72.2 67.0 56.1 51.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,609 12,868 2,646 6,273 2,963 6,595

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 8.6 3.4 8.2 4.0 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,520 83,388 26,329 28,329 53,191 55,059

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,067 29,304 229,365 231,254

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,413 6,050 157,606 154,916

Participation rate..................................................................... 21.3 20.6 68.7 67.0

Employed............................................................................. 5,954 5,254 151,862 141,970

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.8 17.9 66.2 61.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 459 796 5,743 12,946

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.2 13.2 3.6 8.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,654 23,253 71,759 76,338

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,700 2,610 78,432 77,128

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.4 36.1 83.3 81.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,506 2,281 75,717 71,015

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.8 31.6 80.4 75.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 194 329 2,714 6,113

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.2 12.6 3.5 7.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,713 4,616 15,756 17,000

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,509 2,266 69,635 68,392

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.0 31.1 71.8 70.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,303 1,897 66,881 62,360

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.3 26.1 68.9 64.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 206 368 2,754 6,032

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.2 16.3 4.0 8.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,097 5,012 27,398 28,719

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,204 1,174 9,539 9,396

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.0 7.9 25.0 23.5

Employed............................................................................. 1,145 1,076 9,264 8,595

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 7.3 24.3 21.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 59 99 275 801

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.9 8.4 2.9 8.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,843 13,625 28,605 30,620

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,764 42,041 20,498 20,287 22,266 21,754

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,153 27,325 15,912 15,547 12,241 11,778

Participation rate.................................................. 65.8 65.0 77.6 76.6 55.0 54.1

Employed.......................................................... 27,272 24,551 15,524 14,225 11,747 10,326

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.8 58.4 75.7 70.1 52.8 47.5

Unemployed....................................................... 881 2,774 388 1,322 493 1,451

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.1 10.2 2.4 8.5 4.0 12.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,611 14,716 4,586 4,739 10,025 9,977

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 216,668 218,517 104,983 105,749 111,685 112,768

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,866 133,641 71,242 70,053 64,624 63,588

Participation rate.................................................. 62.7 61.2 67.9 66.2 57.9 56.4

Employed.......................................................... 130,545 122,673 68,552 64,486 61,992 58,186

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.3 56.1 65.3 61.0 55.5 51.6

Unemployed....................................................... 5,322 10,968 2,690 5,566 2,632 5,402

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.9 8.2 3.8 7.9 4.1 8.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,802 84,876 33,741 35,696 47,061 49,180

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,501 2,271 2,259 2,414 2,424 2,341 2,297 2,128 2,159

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,665 1,518 1,457 1,579 1,694 1,569 1,530 1,446 1,422

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 817 714 788 785 701 738 716 677 736

Unpaid family workers........................... 19 39 14 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 155,315 142,221 144,965 155,546 131,053 134,966 139,944 141,487 145,156

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 146,376 133,575 136,073 146,586 123,400 126,943 131,444 132,888 136,258

Government..................................... 20,362 19,614 20,445 20,968 19,208 19,763 20,895 20,597 21,132

Private industries............................... 126,014 113,961 115,628 125,582 104,148 107,164 110,584 112,361 115,172

Private households.......................... 869 708 715 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 125,145 113,253 114,913 124,731 103,663 106,660 110,045 111,663 114,478

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,863 8,564 8,815 8,895 7,546 7,944 8,376 8,559 8,808

Unpaid family workers........................... 76 82 77 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,316 8,572 7,488 4,381 10,887 10,633 9,062 8,443 7,572

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,623 7,280 6,106 2,683 9,939 9,543 7,939 7,281 6,214

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,252 1,034 1,039 1,338 697 843 942 1,048 1,139

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,138 16,384 17,110 21,673 12,355 14,394 17,137 17,792 18,630

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,237 8,521 7,387 4,303 10,730 10,485 8,961 8,382 7,468

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,560 7,239 6,033 2,626 9,780 9,408 7,860 7,234 6,148

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,242 1,026 1,027 1,325 695 836 941 1,047 1,124

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,727 15,998 16,744 21,284 11,970 14,009 16,793 17,404 18,264

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,816 144,492 147,224 157,895 133,403 137,242 142,182 143,532 147,288

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,560 5,353 5,049 5,184 3,479 3,932 4,114 4,235 4,706

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,050 2,124 2,042 1,839 1,302 1,420 1,501 1,727 1,845

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,510 3,229 3,007 3,347 2,154 2,495 2,649 2,581 2,838

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,256 139,139 142,175 152,711 129,924 133,310 138,068 139,297 142,582

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,337 12,154 12,528 14,047 10,023 10,608 11,249 11,593 12,253

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,918 126,985 129,647 138,542 119,906 122,691 126,771 127,741 130,231

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,626 92,504 94,500 101,074 87,769 89,943 92,702 93,068 94,928

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,806 31,962 32,765 35,945 30,453 31,299 32,028 32,105 32,889

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,062 31,215 31,873 33,165 29,607 30,088 30,991 31,398 31,972

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,759 29,327 29,863 31,964 27,709 28,555 29,683 29,565 30,067

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,292 34,481 35,147 37,468 32,137 32,748 34,069 34,673 35,304

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,077 77,375 78,711 83,613 71,916 73,702 75,629 76,212 78,255

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,804 2,619 2,533 2,567 1,939 2,030 1,988 2,028 2,310

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 985 982 894 632 659 714 753 860

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,775 1,634 1,552 1,663 1,277 1,355 1,302 1,297 1,435

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,272 74,756 76,178 81,046 69,977 71,672 73,641 74,184 75,945

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,332 6,347 6,563 7,096 5,222 5,445 5,726 5,949 6,345

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,941 68,409 69,615 73,835 64,758 66,271 67,865 68,243 69,503

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,774 49,744 50,761 53,773 47,236 48,488 49,471 49,683 50,763

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,213 17,062 17,572 19,208 16,396 16,822 16,987 17,019 17,566

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,805 16,911 17,240 17,773 16,049 16,335 16,582 16,867 17,210

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,756 15,771 15,949 16,793 14,792 15,330 15,903 15,796 15,987

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,167 18,665 18,855 20,061 17,522 17,783 18,394 18,560 18,740

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,740 67,117 68,513 74,282 61,487 63,540 66,552 67,320 69,033

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,756 2,734 2,516 2,617 1,541 1,902 2,126 2,207 2,396

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,021 1,139 1,060 946 670 761 788 974 984

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,735 1,595 1,456 1,684 877 1,140 1,347 1,284 1,402

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,983 64,384 65,997 71,665 59,947 61,638 64,426 65,113 66,637

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,006 5,807 5,965 6,950 4,801 5,163 5,523 5,644 5,908

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,978 58,577 60,032 64,708 55,147 56,420 58,906 59,498 60,728

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,852 42,761 43,739 47,301 40,533 41,455 43,231 43,385 44,164

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,593 14,900 15,193 16,738 14,058 14,478 15,041 15,086 15,323

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,257 14,304 14,633 15,392 13,558 13,753 14,409 14,531 14,762

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,003 13,557 13,914 15,171 12,917 13,225 13,781 13,769 14,079

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,125 15,816 16,292 17,406 14,615 14,964 15,675 16,113 16,564

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,259 43,615 44,420 46,221 41,683 42,822 43,702 43,768 44,391

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,829 33,934 34,703 36,389 31,860 32,978 34,440 34,794 35,275

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,822 8,602 8,689 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,156 121,198 123,619 130,877 114,322 116,523 118,941 119,532 122,369

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,660 23,294 23,605 26,988 19,106 20,741 23,179 23,982 24,973

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,038 6,569 6,541 8,335 5,451 5,598 6,279 6,602 6,784

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.5 4.4 5.3 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.6

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,149 6,279 6,327 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,681 9,278 9,603 9,679 8,247 8,681 9,092 9,236 9,544

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,999 16,338 13,550 3.7 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 742 1,011 905 12.5 31.9 29.9 23.2 19.3 16.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 270 368 298 12.8 27.6 30.1 23.8 17.6 13.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 459 636 607 12.1 34.3 29.8 22.5 19.8 17.6

20 years and over................................ 5,257 15,327 12,645 3.3 14.2 12.6 10.7 9.9 8.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,068 2,595 2,010 7.1 25.7 23.2 19.8 18.3 14.1

25 years and over.............................. 4,184 12,736 10,636 2.9 13.1 11.6 9.7 9.1 7.6

25 to 54 years............................... 3,184 9,408 7,715 3.1 12.8 11.5 9.8 9.2 7.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,342 4,137 3,515 3.6 14.5 13.4 11.7 11.4 9.7

35 to 44 years............................. 937 2,772 2,206 2.7 11.5 10.2 9.1 8.1 6.5

45 to 54 years............................. 906 2,499 1,994 2.8 12.3 10.7 8.3 7.8 6.2

55 years and over........................... 1,010 3,331 2,927 2.6 13.6 11.8 9.7 8.8 7.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,210 8,321 7,061 3.7 13.5 12.2 10.6 9.8 8.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 404 601 493 13.6 27.6 28.6 23.6 22.8 17.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 150 240 148 14.4 21.0 27.8 19.0 24.2 14.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 256 354 365 13.3 30.8 29.1 25.6 21.5 20.3

20 years and over................................ 2,806 7,720 6,567 3.3 13.0 11.6 10.2 9.4 8.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 604 1,286 1,048 7.8 23.5 22.4 19.0 17.8 14.2

25 years and over.............................. 2,183 6,442 5,520 2.9 12.1 10.5 9.3 8.6 7.4

25 to 54 years............................... 1,692 4,828 4,037 3.1 12.1 10.6 9.5 8.9 7.4

25 to 34 years............................. 736 2,257 1,899 3.7 14.2 13.0 11.8 11.7 9.8

35 to 44 years............................. 466 1,438 1,171 2.6 10.4 9.5 8.9 7.9 6.4

45 to 54 years............................. 490 1,134 967 2.8 11.4 9.2 7.5 6.7 5.7

55 years and over........................... 490 1,614 1,483 2.4 12.1 10.3 8.9 8.0 7.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,788 8,017 6,489 3.6 16.2 14.5 11.7 10.6 8.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 338 410 412 11.4 36.6 31.3 22.8 15.7 14.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 120 128 151 11.3 32.9 32.0 27.8 11.6 13.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 203 282 243 10.8 38.9 30.6 19.4 18.0 14.8

20 years and over................................ 2,451 7,607 6,078 3.3 15.5 13.9 11.2 10.5 8.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 464 1,309 962 6.3 28.0 24.0 20.6 18.8 14.0

25 years and over.............................. 2,001 6,294 5,116 3.0 14.2 12.8 10.2 9.6 7.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,492 4,580 3,678 3.1 13.7 12.5 10.1 9.5 7.7

25 to 34 years............................. 606 1,880 1,616 3.5 14.9 13.9 11.6 11.1 9.5

35 to 44 years............................. 470 1,335 1,035 3.0 12.7 11.0 9.4 8.4 6.6

45 to 54 years............................. 415 1,365 1,027 2.7 13.3 12.5 9.3 9.0 6.8

55 years and over........................... 498 1,707 1,434 2.8 15.5 13.6 10.5 9.6 8.0

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 836 2,892 2,329 1.8 9.7 8.3 6.9 6.2 5.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 833 3,283 2,430 2.2 13.1 11.5 8.9 8.6 6.4

Women who maintain families2.................... 523 1,216 1,011 5.1 15.9 15.8 13.1 12.4 10.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,732 12,920 11,082 3.5 12.9 12.0 10.4 9.8 8.3

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,243 3,447 2,459 4.4 24.5 19.7 14.7 12.6 9.0

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,906 13,079 10,347 2,864 20,626 18,291 14,272 12,924 10,307

On temporary layoff.............................. 863 9,444 6,206 812 18,063 15,343 10,565 9,225 6,160

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,042 3,635 4,141 2,052 2,563 2,948 3,707 3,699 4,147

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,389 2,862 3,398 1,388 2,000 2,295 2,883 2,877 3,411

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 653 773 743 664 563 653 824 823 736

Job leavers........................................... 865 614 672 784 570 554 565 571 589

Reentrants............................................ 1,801 2,448 2,103 1,785 1,477 1,645 2,356 2,358 2,095

New entrants......................................... 631 741 620 577 389 536 563 513 554

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 46.8 77.5 75.3 47.7 89.4 87.0 80.4 79.0 76.1

On temporary layoff.............................. 13.9 55.9 45.2 13.5 78.3 73.0 59.5 56.4 45.5

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 32.9 21.5 30.1 34.1 11.1 14.0 20.9 22.6 30.6

Job leavers........................................... 13.9 3.6 4.9 13.0 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.5 4.4

Reentrants............................................ 29.0 14.5 15.3 29.7 6.4 7.8 13.3 14.4 15.5

New entrants......................................... 10.2 4.4 4.5 9.6 1.7 2.5 3.2 3.1 4.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.8 8.1 6.4 1.7 13.2 11.6 8.9 8.1 6.4

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,216 3,430 2,283 2,218 14,283 3,875 2,838 3,202 2,281

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,009 5,556 3,442 1,746 7,004 14,814 11,496 5,169 3,134

15 weeks and over.................................. 1,978 7,896 8,018 2,082 1,772 2,242 3,294 7,986 8,140

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 708 6,328 6,381 831 833 1,078 1,903 6,484 6,517

27 weeks and over............................... 1,270 1,569 1,637 1,251 939 1,164 1,391 1,501 1,624

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 21.7 16.1 19.7 22.1 6.1 9.9 15.7 17.9 20.2

Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.6 13.7 16.2 9.0 2.0 7.7 13.6 15.0 16.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 35.7 20.3 16.6 36.7 61.9 18.5 16.1 19.6 16.8

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 32.4 32.9 25.0 28.9 30.4 70.8 65.2 31.6 23.1

15 weeks and over.................................. 31.9 46.8 58.3 34.4 7.7 10.7 18.7 48.8 60.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 11.4 37.5 46.4 13.7 3.6 5.2 10.8 39.6 48.1

27 weeks and over............................... 20.5 9.3 11.9 20.7 4.1 5.6 7.9 9.2 12.0

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 157,816 147,224 6,203 13,742 3.8 8.5

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 63,679 63,095 1,476 3,680 2.3 5.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 26,717 27,090 506 1,325 1.9 4.7

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,962 36,004 970 2,354 2.6 6.1

Service occupations................................................ 27,416 22,673 1,178 3,500 4.1 13.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,484 30,434 1,337 2,581 3.8 7.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,777 14,402 625 1,361 3.8 8.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,707 16,032 712 1,220 3.9 7.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,549 13,559 601 1,162 4.0 7.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,115 977 50 77 4.3 7.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,415 7,972 398 739 4.5 8.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,019 4,610 152 345 2.9 7.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,688 17,464 955 2,187 4.9 11.1

Production occupations.......................................... 8,861 7,427 358 800 3.9 9.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,827 10,037 597 1,386 5.7 12.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,203 13,742 3.8 8.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,566 11,099 3.5 8.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 8 93 1.1 12.4

Construction.......................................................................... 361 762 3.6 7.6

Manufacturing........................................................................ 512 1,003 3.2 6.7

Durable goods..................................................................... 282 610 2.8 6.5

Nondurable goods................................................................ 229 393 3.9 7.0

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 799 1,612 4.1 8.3

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 308 847 4.2 11.3

Information............................................................................ 121 210 4.7 8.6

Financial activities................................................................... 217 430 2.1 4.2

Professional and business services............................................... 582 1,286 3.2 7.2

Education and health services..................................................... 668 1,530 2.7 6.3

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 728 2,751 5.0 21.3

Other services........................................................................ 262 574 3.8 9.1

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 63 83 3.8 5.6

Government workers................................................................... 659 1,232 3.1 5.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 283 708 2.8 6.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.2 4.9 5.0 1.3 1.1 1.4 2.1 5.0 5.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.8 8.1 6.4 1.7 13.2 11.6 8.9 8.1 6.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.8 10.5 8.5 3.7 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.1 10.8 8.8 3.9 15.1 13.6 11.5 10.6 8.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.7 11.6 9.7 4.6 16.0 14.6 12.5 11.3 9.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.3 16.8 14.3 7.2 22.8 21.2 18.0 16.5 14.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,413 99,592 38,326 40,436 57,087 59,156

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,331 7,184 2,353 3,389 2,978 3,795

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,564 2,083 843 1,119 721 965

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 467 551 315 350 152 202

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,097 1,532 528 769 569 763

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,038 6,541 3,951 3,296 4,086 3,245

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.2 5.5 4.7

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,581 3,712 2,498 2,063 2,083 1,649

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,957 1,564 675 574 1,282 989

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 335 291 202 163 134 127

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,122 948 560 481 563 468

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Change

from:

July2020 -

Aug.2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,141 138,502 139,063 140,598 151,160 137,809 139,543 140,914 1,371

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,470 117,311 118,780 119,713 128,523 116,492 117,973 119,000 1,027

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,433 20,134 20,231 20,295 21,087 19,859 19,920 19,963 43

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 630 630 625 731 626 619 617 -2

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.1 51.3 52.3 51.8 51.5 51.3 51.2 50.3 -0.9

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691.0 579.0 577.7 573.0 679.0 575.1 568.0 566.3 -1.7

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.9 154.5 156.7 155.2 152.3 153.6 154.8 153.7 -1.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.8 180.2 183.1 183.7 189.8 177.1 179.7 180.0 0.3

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.4 44.0 45.3 45.7 52.2 44.0 45.5 45.6 0.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 40.1 41.0 41.3 41.1 39.8 40.7 40.9 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.9 96.1 96.8 96.7 96.5 93.3 93.5 93.5 0.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.3 244.3 237.9 234.1 336.9 244.4 233.5 232.6 -0.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,760 7,365 7,426 7,459 7,508 7,171 7,198 7,214 16

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,707.9 1,616.5 1,637.8 1,653.3 1,666.4 1,587.9 1,597.5 1,610.9 13.4

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846.7 814.7 830.6 837.1 825.3 799.3 816.9 820.1 3.2

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861.2 801.8 807.2 816.2 841.1 788.6 780.6 790.8 10.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,138.2 1,070.4 1,073.2 1,075.5 1,074.1 1,016.9 1,015.9 1,010.4 -5.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,914.3 4,677.7 4,714.9 4,730.6 4,767.7 4,566.5 4,584.1 4,592.9 8.8

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,149.9 2,074.7 2,097.8 2,117.3 2,082.5 2,020.4 2,034.7 2,059.2 24.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,764.4 2,603.0 2,617.1 2,613.3 2,685.2 2,546.1 2,549.4 2,533.7 -15.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,929 12,139 12,175 12,211 12,848 12,062 12,103 12,132 29

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,097 7,584 7,583 7,591 8,066 7,534 7,560 7,562 2

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.8 391.2 390.6 392.6 408.9 388.5 387.4 388.5 1.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428.5 407.5 408.8 405.1 421.6 400.6 402.7 398.3 -4.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.3 341.3 338.8 337.4 384.5 339.1 338.1 337.6 -0.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496.5 1,405.6 1,389.0 1,391.3 1,491.6 1,396.2 1,381.7 1,387.6 5.9

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,129.0 1,049.2 1,044.9 1,040.1 1,125.7 1,042.0 1,038.3 1,037.0 -1.3

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,090.2 1,094.3 1,090.0 1,091.1 1,085.5 1,089.6 1,083.8 1,086.1 2.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 165.2 170.3 169.3 170.4 163.8 170.2 169.6 169.9 0.3

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.9 83.2 82.1 83.0 83.7 82.9 82.3 82.6 0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380.3 377.6 375.9 374.6 378.8 374.7 372.1 372.1 0.0

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.5 428.6 427.3 427.3 426.3 427.6 424.8 426.2 1.4

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 34.6 35.4 35.8 33.0 34.2 35.0 35.3 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 407.3 384.1 382.2 380.8 405.8 383.9 379.7 379.3 -0.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,738.4 1,578.7 1,595.2 1,602.7 1,736.3 1,567.6 1,608.4 1,600.0 -8.4

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997.8 873.0 892.4 905.7 998.2 865.3 910.2 904.9 -5.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390.1 350.7 350.8 354.8 387.1 348.7 348.7 354.4 5.7

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620.8 581.1 592.7 594.6 619.4 577.5 591.0 593.0 2.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,832 4,555 4,592 4,620 4,782 4,528 4,543 4,570 27

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,671.9 1,594.1 1,622.2 1,637.9 1,640.7 1,585.3 1,593.1 1,605.2 12.1

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.1 93.9 92.0 91.3 108.6 93.7 92.2 91.0 -1.2

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.9 103.6 102.0 102.3 112.9 103.9 100.8 102.0 1.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.0 84.8 82.7 86.5 111.5 84.1 83.1 86.3 3.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.0 354.5 357.0 356.3 365.3 353.2 355.0 355.0 0.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 426.3 363.9 364.7 361.7 424.8 363.1 364.4 360.3 -4.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.0 106.4 107.2 106.7 113.3 103.2 103.3 103.9 0.6

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851.4 832.6 837.8 840.1 849.3 829.8 834.3 839.8 5.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741.3 726.2 723.8 728.9 739.6 721.0 719.6 726.1 6.5

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324.0 294.9 302.2 307.8 316.4 290.2 297.1 300.5 3.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,037 97,177 98,549 99,418 107,436 96,633 98,053 99,037 984

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,619 25,868 26,087 26,382 27,688 25,852 26,118 26,459 341

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,927.1 5,636.9 5,619.0 5,626.7 5,906.8 5,612.3 5,592.7 5,606.2 13.5

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,223.3 3,055.6 3,060.9 3,061.5 3,210.9 3,045.8 3,047.7 3,048.1 0.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176.2 2,079.9 2,058.9 2,060.6 2,170.1 2,065.8 2,046.0 2,054.5 8.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Change

from:

July2020 -

Aug.2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527.6 501.4 499.2 504.6 525.8 500.7 499.0 503.6 4.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,596.6 14,547.0 14,783.9 14,998.6 15,613.8 14,531.5 14,767.7 15,016.6 248.9

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,050.1 1,885.5 1,914.4 1,937.1 2,037.5 1,874.8 1,903.0 1,925.3 22.3

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304.4 1,170.0 1,188.7 1,206.1 1,299.2 1,168.0 1,186.2 1,203.0 16.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.3 156.5 158.4 159.6 162.1 148.0 149.9 152.9 3.0

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 577.4 559.0 567.3 571.4 576.1 558.8 566.9 569.4 2.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 465.1 366.6 390.7 400.4 470.7 370.8 396.7 407.2 10.5

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 463.0 375.3 399.6 417.8 471.8 381.1 409.5 430.3 20.8

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301.3 1,428.1 1,414.6 1,401.3 1,301.9 1,365.0 1,375.6 1,388.8 13.2

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,086.5 3,162.9 3,145.9 3,142.3 3,072.9 3,142.4 3,122.3 3,126.1 3.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,040.3 932.9 951.1 963.4 1,050.2 935.9 955.5 970.8 15.3

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958.6 915.2 924.5 931.7 947.8 904.6 911.7 918.0 6.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,297.6 791.4 904.9 915.7 1,293.8 804.9 905.8 916.9 11.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.6 409.1 429.1 439.0 555.9 419.5 439.1 444.9 5.8

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,985.3 3,060.9 3,056.6 3,176.4 3,018.9 3,116.4 3,101.9 3,218.3 116.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,044.6 936.7 985.9 1,021.5 1,068.7 970.9 1,018.8 1,051.1 32.3

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,940.7 2,124.2 2,070.7 2,154.9 1,950.2 2,145.5 2,083.1 2,167.2 84.1

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839.5 689.8 717.5 731.6 830.8 682.8 706.7 723.9 17.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.7 529.3 535.0 541.9 561.6 533.3 539.9 546.1 6.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,544.9 5,143.6 5,142.5 5,215.9 5,618.1 5,170.5 5,219.3 5,297.4 78.1

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.8 381.9 399.1 406.5 503.1 378.6 395.6 403.1 7.5

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.5 144.6 145.5 145.5 172.6 145.5 145.3 145.4 0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 57.2 57.7 57.6 65.7 55.2 55.3 55.2 -0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552.6 1,450.3 1,458.0 1,466.8 1,531.5 1,437.4 1,439.5 1,449.5 10.0

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.9 308.4 275.2 284.2 493.1 314.5 336.7 348.1 11.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 50.2 50.0 49.8 51.3 50.1 50.0 49.8 -0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 47.2 26.6 27.3 27.2 36.2 21.0 20.7 20.8 0.1

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 753.2 668.1 675.5 681.9 752.6 668.0 673.4 680.6 7.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781.2 873.7 877.1 883.6 821.5 906.8 915.6 923.3 7.7

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181.8 1,182.6 1,177.1 1,212.8 1,190.5 1,193.4 1,187.2 1,221.6 34.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.8 540.1 541.4 540.9 548.9 537.8 538.4 539.0 0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,887 2,584 2,585 2,594 2,861 2,576 2,567 2,582 15

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 767.7 740.1 734.7 737.3 762.9 738.0 730.4 733.7 3.3

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.7 223.0 226.0 237.8 441.4 216.1 214.1 228.0 13.9

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.3 238.3 238.3 242.3 265.3 238.9 239.2 243.5 4.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709.7 681.6 684.5 680.8 708.4 683.5 685.0 682.3 -2.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.2 343.8 342.4 336.7 341.0 343.8 341.8 338.6 -3.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.4 357.0 358.9 358.6 342.1 355.8 356.2 356.2 0.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,835 8,648 8,682 8,713 8,768 8,605 8,618 8,654 36

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,465.3 6,458.1 6,475.9 6,484.4 6,439.5 6,446.9 6,451.8 6,464.7 12.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.9 19.9 20.2 20.0 19.7 19.8 19.8 19.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,663.7 2,656.6 2,662.2 2,666.5 2,650.6 2,649.5 2,650.6 2,659.5 8.9

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,783.9 1,778.1 1,773.7 1,769.1 1,776.7 1,770.0 1,764.8 1,763.0 -1.8

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396.5 1,388.8 1,384.8 1,380.1 1,391.3 1,382.6 1,377.9 1,376.5 -1.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 580.2 572.1 578.5 587.9 574.7 571.5 575.3 585.3 10.0

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 299.6 306.4 310.0 309.5 299.2 308.0 310.5 311.2 0.7

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 975.2 968.5 976.1 980.2 966.6 967.4 968.6 969.5 0.9

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,806.5 2,813.1 2,817.4 2,817.7 2,802.6 2,810.2 2,812.8 2,815.9 3.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,370.1 2,189.4 2,206.1 2,228.6 2,328.3 2,158.0 2,166.0 2,189.1 23.1

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,749.2 1,684.0 1,694.7 1,711.9 1,726.4 1,668.6 1,673.7 1,688.6 14.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597.2 482.0 487.9 493.2 578.7 466.5 469.3 477.4 8.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Change

from:

July2020 -

Aug.2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.7 23.4 23.5 23.5 23.2 22.9 23.0 23.1 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,521 19,838 20,002 20,220 21,377 19,725 19,878 20,075 197

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,585.7 9,249.9 9,308.5 9,335.7 9,587.0 9,282.0 9,294.4 9,336.1 41.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,153.0 1,115.0 1,115.7 1,109.8 1,152.6 1,105.2 1,107.5 1,107.5 0.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 977.1 945.2 948.3 949.8 1,030.6 1,012.1 1,012.1 1,010.5 -1.6

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,536.4 1,488.7 1,495.3 1,501.7 1,516.8 1,470.9 1,469.6 1,484.0 14.4

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.2 132.3 131.9 132.6 143.7 131.7 132.0 132.6 0.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,235.2 2,154.4 2,177.4 2,187.1 2,222.1 2,158.7 2,153.6 2,166.4 12.8

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546.3 1,491.6 1,499.8 1,507.0 1,538.7 1,491.1 1,493.5 1,498.8 5.3

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738.2 743.0 749.2 755.2 732.3 736.4 739.8 749.4 9.6

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.4 454.4 448.4 445.7 491.8 452.2 445.3 443.4 -1.9

Other professional and technical services. . . 762.9 725.3 742.5 746.8 758.3 723.7 741.0 743.5 2.5

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,445.4 2,360.9 2,351.9 2,350.7 2,434.5 2,344.3 2,333.7 2,337.8 4.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,489.5 8,227.0 8,341.3 8,533.6 9,355.0 8,098.5 8,249.7 8,400.9 151.2

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,025.5 7,769.6 7,881.3 8,074.9 8,897.2 7,646.8 7,798.4 7,949.2 150.8

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 529.8 497.6 506.7 508.5 528.3 494.0 505.5 506.3 0.8

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.1 154.9 158.4 155.5 165.7 155.4 158.5 156.0 -2.5

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,647.0 2,845.3 2,935.7 3,109.4 3,633.8 2,845.4 2,972.6 3,098.9 126.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,949.6 2,235.5 2,315.6 2,475.3 2,941.7 2,239.4 2,361.2 2,467.9 106.7

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866.0 746.9 751.5 767.1 875.7 759.1 760.9 774.2 13.3

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.8 165.1 161.9 158.0 220.1 162.2 159.3 156.4 -2.9

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 963.4 903.4 900.2 910.4 958.2 903.4 901.8 907.2 5.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,288.8 2,153.7 2,172.7 2,166.1 2,176.5 2,030.4 2,044.4 2,049.5 5.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.6 302.7 294.2 299.9 339.0 296.9 295.4 300.7 5.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.0 457.4 460.0 458.7 457.8 451.7 451.3 451.7 0.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,980 22,556 22,649 22,815 24,262 22,760 22,982 23,129 147

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,491.1 3,237.0 3,165.8 3,221.1 3,779.5 3,446.7 3,473.1 3,530.0 56.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,488.7 19,318.7 19,483.0 19,593.7 20,482.4 19,313.3 19,509.0 19,599.1 90.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,345.3 15,596.4 15,739.6 15,811.1 16,317.6 15,582.5 15,716.5 15,791.8 75.3

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,732.9 7,283.0 7,414.1 7,487.4 7,724.8 7,277.4 7,407.1 7,482.1 75.0

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,678.0 2,562.0 2,593.1 2,619.0 2,678.0 2,563.2 2,592.9 2,619.4 26.5

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976.3 871.9 918.9 942.9 971.9 869.8 917.7 939.3 21.6

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 975.7 867.7 885.3 895.2 973.6 865.5 882.6 893.2 10.6

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965.0 930.3 942.8 944.9 965.4 931.3 943.3 945.7 2.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 283.7 265.1 275.0 274.8 284.3 264.7 274.2 274.5 0.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,539.8 1,485.4 1,496.9 1,506.8 1,537.4 1,483.4 1,494.6 1,506.2 11.6

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.4 300.6 302.1 303.8 314.4 299.5 301.8 303.8 2.0

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,211.2 5,107.7 5,136.2 5,148.1 5,207.9 5,106.0 5,133.6 5,147.6 14.0

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,401.2 3,205.7 3,189.3 3,175.6 3,384.9 3,199.1 3,175.8 3,162.1 -13.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,608.0 1,495.6 1,480.2 1,474.1 1,599.8 1,494.4 1,476.5 1,468.8 -7.7

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 651.2 616.9 620.9 622.6 649.5 614.4 616.8 620.0 3.2

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975.5 932.7 927.2 919.8 970.6 931.1 923.1 915.2 -7.9

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 166.5 160.5 161.0 159.1 165.0 159.2 159.4 158.1 -1.3

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,143.4 3,722.3 3,743.4 3,782.6 4,164.8 3,730.8 3,792.5 3,807.3 14.8

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,638.9 2,500.4 2,512.6 2,519.8 2,634.8 2,496.9 2,507.2 2,518.5 11.3

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 184.3 179.4 184.5 181.1 184.3 178.7 184.3 182.3 -2.0

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 324.1 275.3 280.4 284.5 320.8 272.8 275.4 281.5 6.1

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996.1 767.2 765.9 797.2 1,024.8 782.4 825.6 825.0 -0.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,244 12,437 13,139 13,249 16,570 11,933 12,554 12,728 174

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,711.5 1,664.2 1,815.0 1,790.0 2,421.0 1,486.1 1,577.6 1,602.7 25.1

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 538.1 285.4 272.9 289.5 513.6 268.3 257.1 276.2 19.1

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.3 136.0 138.6 136.6 172.3 124.9 124.8 127.1 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Change

from:

July2020 -

Aug.2020p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,989.1 1,242.8 1,403.5 1,363.9 1,735.1 1,092.9 1,195.7 1,199.4 3.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,532.8 10,772.9 11,324.0 11,459.4 14,148.5 10,446.7 10,976.6 11,125.6 149.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,218.3 1,398.4 1,447.4 1,452.1 2,079.0 1,290.5 1,295.1 1,310.5 15.4

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,314.5 9,374.5 9,876.6 10,007.3 12,069.5 9,156.2 9,681.5 9,815.1 133.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,951 5,246 5,405 5,445 5,910 5,182 5,336 5,410 74

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,363.3 1,282.4 1,290.5 1,315.4 1,360.0 1,274.3 1,283.4 1,312.1 28.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,533.1 1,122.4 1,244.2 1,252.7 1,525.8 1,110.2 1,235.3 1,249.2 13.9

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,054.9 2,841.4 2,870.4 2,877.0 3,024.1 2,797.0 2,817.7 2,848.5 30.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,671 21,191 20,283 20,885 22,637 21,317 21,570 21,914 344

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,867.0 2,898 2,928 3,176 2,857.0 2,883 2,912 3,163 251

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,262.9 2,294.2 2,334.5 2,576.3 2,250.2 2,280.1 2,314.3 2,561.0 246.7

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.5 603.5 593.6 599.8 607.2 602.9 597.5 601.7 4.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,917.0 4,705 4,652 4,706 5,184.0 4,973 4,983 4,981 -2

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,204.8 1,998.8 1,943.2 1,996.0 2,489.3 2,282.2 2,288.4 2,284.5 -3.9

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,711.7 2,705.8 2,709.2 2,710.0 2,694.3 2,690.6 2,694.7 2,696.7 2.0

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,887.0 13,588 12,703 13,003 14,596.0 13,461 13,675 13,770 95

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,128.9 7,307.5 6,346.8 6,641.2 8,020.5 7,365.4 7,548.2 7,579.9 31.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,758.4 6,280.4 6,356.5 6,362.1 6,575.8 6,095.6 6,126.3 6,189.6 63.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 39.1 39.5 39.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.2 43.4 43.9 44.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.4 38.8 38.8 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.5 39.1 39.7 40.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.0 39.1 39.9 40.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.7 39.1 39.4 39.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.6 33.5 33.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.3 34.1 34.1

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.2 38.4 38.4

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.6 31.2 30.6 30.7

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 38.1 38.3 38.5

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 42.4 42.6 43.3

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.5 36.3 36.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.5 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.5

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 33.1 33.4 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.8 25.8 25.4 25.8

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 32.4 32.2 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 2.5 2.9 3.0

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 2.2 2.7 2.9

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Total private............................................... $28.16 $29.32 $29.36 $29.47 $968.70 $1,014.47 $1,012.92 $1,019.66

Goods-producing....................................... 29.13 29.94 30.07 30.18 1,173.94 1,170.65 1,187.77 1,198.15

Mining and logging.................................. 34.15 35.32 35.22 35.10 1,577.73 1,532.89 1,546.16 1,544.40

Construction.......................................... 30.87 31.65 31.78 31.88 1,216.28 1,228.02 1,233.06 1,240.13

Manufacturing........................................ 27.81 28.62 28.78 28.92 1,126.31 1,119.04 1,142.57 1,156.80

Durable goods.................................... 29.26 29.99 30.19 30.37 1,199.66 1,172.61 1,204.58 1,220.87

Nondurable goods................................ 25.30 26.35 26.40 26.49 1,004.41 1,030.29 1,040.16 1,049.00

Private service-providing.............................. 27.93 29.17 29.19 29.29 927.28 980.11 977.87 984.14

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.38 25.06 25.34 25.47 833.80 859.56 864.09 868.53

Wholesale trade.................................. 31.62 32.30 32.44 32.52 1,230.02 1,233.86 1,245.70 1,248.77

Retail trade........................................ 19.79 20.62 21.00 21.22 605.57 643.34 642.60 651.45

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.93 25.28 25.43 25.52 954.82 963.17 973.97 982.52

Utilities............................................. 41.92 43.46 43.48 43.95 1,777.41 1,842.70 1,852.25 1,903.04

Information........................................... 42.80 43.35 44.14 44.09 1,562.20 1,582.28 1,602.28 1,613.69

Financial activities................................... 36.19 37.83 37.71 37.99 1,364.36 1,418.63 1,414.13 1,424.63

Professional and business services.............. 33.86 35.15 35.05 35.18 1,225.73 1,275.95 1,272.32 1,284.07

Education and health services..................... 27.71 28.39 28.46 28.58 914.43 939.71 950.56 951.71

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.62 16.99 16.89 17.01 428.80 438.34 429.01 438.86

Other services....................................... 25.30 26.66 26.54 26.47 804.54 863.78 854.59 852.33

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

July

2020 -

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

July

2020 -

Aug.

2020p

Total private..................................... 111.0 101.2 102.2 103.4 1.2 149.4 141.8 143.4 145.6 1.5

Goods-producing............................. 96.8 88.5 89.6 90.3 0.8 127.5 119.7 121.8 123.2 1.1

Mining and logging........................ 106.1 85.4 85.4 85.3 -0.1 145.5 121.1 120.7 120.2 -0.4

Construction................................ 102.0 95.9 96.3 96.7 0.4 136.8 131.9 132.9 134.0 0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 93.6 84.8 86.4 87.3 1.0 121.1 112.9 115.7 117.4 1.5

Durable goods........................... 93.1 82.9 84.9 85.6 0.8 121.0 110.5 113.9 115.4 1.3

Nondurable goods...................... 94.8 88.4 89.3 90.3 1.1 121.6 118.2 119.7 121.4 1.4

Private service-providing.................... 114.8 104.5 105.8 107.1 1.2 155.9 148.2 150.0 152.5 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.3 96.8 97.2 98.4 1.2 135.8 130.8 132.8 135.2 1.8

Wholesale trade......................... 101.4 94.6 94.7 95.0 0.3 134.1 127.8 128.5 129.2 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 97.0 92.1 91.8 93.6 2.0 126.9 125.5 127.3 131.3 3.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 123.6 113.2 114.9 117.2 2.0 156.8 145.6 148.6 152.1 2.4

Utilities.................................... 100.7 98.7 99.2 101.0 1.8 139.5 141.7 142.6 146.6 2.8

Information................................. 95.4 85.9 85.1 86.3 1.4 145.3 132.5 133.7 135.5 1.3

Financial activities......................... 108.3 105.7 105.9 106.3 0.4 152.9 156.0 155.8 157.6 1.2

Professional and business services..... 121.3 112.3 113.1 114.9 1.6 166.4 159.8 160.6 163.7 1.9

Education and health services........... 130.7 123.0 125.3 125.8 0.4 174.3 168.0 171.6 172.9 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 122.0 87.8 91.0 93.7 3.0 163.6 120.4 124.0 128.6 3.7

Other services............................. 108.4 96.8 99.1 100.4 1.3 150.3 141.4 144.1 145.7 1.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Total nonfarm............................................. 75,454 68,254 69,345 70,145 49.9 49.5 49.7 49.8

Total private............................................ 62,378 56,008 56,909 57,515 48.5 48.1 48.2 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,724 4,477 4,492 4,526 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7

Mining and logging............................... 97 93 92 92 13.3 14.9 14.9 14.9

Construction....................................... 976 953 957 963 13.0 13.3 13.3 13.3

Manufacturing..................................... 3,651 3,431 3,443 3,471 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.6

Durable goods.................................. 1,943 1,828 1,834 1,848 24.1 24.3 24.3 24.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,708 1,603 1,609 1,623 35.7 35.4 35.4 35.5

Private service-providing........................... 57,654 51,531 52,417 52,989 53.7 53.3 53.5 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,081 10,074 10,220 10,394 40.0 39.0 39.1 39.3

Wholesale trade................................ 1,776.2 1,673.6 1,674.4 1,684.0 30.1 29.8 29.9 30.0

Retail trade..................................... 7,733.4 7,018.3 7,154.3 7,295.8 49.5 48.3 48.4 48.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,438.9 1,250.2 1,259.0 1,281.9 25.6 24.2 24.1 24.2

Utilities........................................... 132.2 131.6 132.5 132.4 24.1 24.5 24.6 24.6

Information......................................... 1,143 1,036 1,023 1,036 40.0 40.2 39.9 40.1

Financial activities................................ 4,960 4,866 4,872 4,894 56.6 56.5 56.5 56.6

Professional and business services............ 9,745 8,975 9,091 9,211 45.6 45.5 45.7 45.9

Education and health services.................. 18,764 17,550 17,711 17,830 77.3 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,803 6,332 6,693 6,781 53.1 53.1 53.3 53.3

Other services..................................... 3,158 2,698 2,807 2,843 53.4 52.1 52.6 52.6

Government............................................. 13,076 12,246 12,436 12,630 57.8 57.4 57.7 57.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Total private............................................................................... 105,731 94,385 95,796 96,734

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,098 14,098 14,138 14,174

Mining and logging.................................................................. 535 436 429 432

Construction.......................................................................... 5,595 5,292 5,296 5,324

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,968 8,370 8,413 8,418

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,552 5,112 5,142 5,134

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,416 3,258 3,271 3,284

Private service-providing.............................................................. 90,633 80,287 81,658 82,560

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,420 21,745 21,970 22,303

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,738.7 4,447.9 4,436.5 4,456.6

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,320.5 12,393.7 12,593.2 12,826.6

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,919.6 4,476.5 4,512.9 4,592.3

Utilities.............................................................................. 440.7 426.4 427.7 427.1

Information............................................................................ 2,306 2,032 2,042 2,041

Financial activities................................................................... 6,781 6,571 6,566 6,581

Professional and business services............................................... 17,365 15,717 15,879 16,085

Education and health services..................................................... 21,314 19,868 20,102 20,234

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,558 10,154 10,765 10,934

Other services........................................................................ 4,889 4,200 4,334 4,382

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 34.0 34.0 34.0

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 39.9 40.3 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.2 44.1 44.1 44.6

Construction....................................................................... 39.9 39.4 39.4 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.5 39.9 40.7 40.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.9 39.9 41.0 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.9 40.0 40.3 40.5

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.9 32.9 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 34.1 34.1 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.7 37.9 38.1 38.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 31.0 30.9 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.9 38.1 38.5 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.3 42.6 42.9

Information......................................................................... 35.2 36.2 35.9 36.9

Financial activities................................................................ 36.8 36.9 37.0 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 35.6 35.7 35.8 35.9

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.5 32.7 32.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.6 24.2 24.0 24.4

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 31.6 31.2 31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 3.2 3.7 3.7

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 3.0 3.7 3.7

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Total private............................................... $23.64 $24.73 $24.63 $24.81 $794.30 $840.82 $837.42 $843.54

Goods-producing....................................... 24.83 25.38 25.45 25.49 1,020.51 1,012.66 1,025.64 1,029.80

Mining and logging.................................. 30.17 30.74 30.61 30.62 1,424.02 1,355.63 1,349.90 1,365.65

Construction.......................................... 28.58 29.32 29.31 29.43 1,140.34 1,155.21 1,154.81 1,156.60

Manufacturing........................................ 22.22 22.61 22.82 22.82 922.13 902.14 928.77 933.34

Durable goods.................................... 23.11 23.47 23.78 23.79 968.31 936.45 974.98 980.15

Nondurable goods................................ 20.74 21.25 21.27 21.27 848.27 850.00 857.18 861.44

Private service-providing.............................. 23.39 24.60 24.45 24.67 757.84 809.34 804.41 811.64

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.78 21.66 21.29 21.77 702.36 738.61 725.99 740.18

Wholesale trade.................................. 26.28 26.87 26.90 27.00 1,017.04 1,018.37 1,024.89 1,028.70

Retail trade........................................ 16.72 18.10 17.47 18.03 506.62 561.10 539.82 555.32

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.54 22.73 22.57 23.33 854.27 866.01 868.95 893.54

Utilities............................................. 36.98 38.61 38.59 38.94 1,575.35 1,633.20 1,643.93 1,670.53

Information........................................... 34.16 35.74 35.97 36.21 1,202.43 1,293.79 1,291.32 1,336.15

Financial activities................................... 27.82 29.03 29.15 29.33 1,023.78 1,071.21 1,078.55 1,079.34

Professional and business services.............. 27.96 29.27 29.20 29.39 995.38 1,044.94 1,045.36 1,055.10

Education and health services..................... 24.45 25.25 25.26 25.35 787.29 820.63 826.00 828.95

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.55 14.53 14.53 14.68 357.93 351.63 348.72 358.19

Other services....................................... 21.47 22.48 22.43 22.41 661.28 710.37 699.82 699.19

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

July

2020 -

Aug.

2020p

Aug.

2019

June

2020

July

2020p

Aug.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

July

2020 -

Aug.

2020p

Total private..................................... 118.4 106.9 108.5 109.6 1.0 187.0 176.8 178.7 181.7 1.7

Goods-producing............................. 94.8 86.0 87.1 87.5 0.5 144.2 133.6 135.7 136.6 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 134.2 102.2 100.5 102.4 1.9 235.5 182.7 179.0 182.3 1.8

Construction................................ 111.8 104.4 104.5 104.8 0.3 172.5 165.3 165.4 166.5 0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 85.4 76.7 78.6 79.0 0.5 124.1 113.4 117.3 118.0 0.6

Durable goods........................... 87.4 76.6 79.2 79.5 0.4 126.1 112.3 117.6 118.0 0.3

Nondurable goods...................... 82.3 76.8 77.7 78.4 0.9 120.6 115.3 116.7 117.8 0.9

Private service-providing.................... 125.1 112.5 114.5 115.7 1.0 200.7 189.9 192.0 195.8 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.7 103.7 104.8 106.0 1.1 164.4 160.5 159.4 165.0 3.5

Wholesale trade......................... 108.8 100.0 100.3 100.8 0.5 168.8 158.7 159.3 160.6 0.8

Retail trade.............................. 102.1 97.2 98.5 100.0 1.5 146.3 150.8 147.4 154.5 4.8

Transportation and warehousing...... 141.1 129.1 131.5 133.1 1.2 202.4 186.7 188.9 197.7 4.7

Utilities.................................... 96.0 92.2 93.2 93.7 0.5 148.2 148.7 150.1 152.3 1.5

Information................................. 92.6 84.0 83.7 86.0 2.7 156.7 148.5 149.0 154.1 3.4

Financial activities......................... 117.4 114.1 114.3 114.0 -0.3 201.0 203.8 205.1 205.7 0.3

Professional and business services..... 138.2 125.5 127.1 129.1 1.6 229.8 218.4 220.7 225.7 2.3

Education and health services........... 146.3 137.7 140.2 141.1 0.6 236.1 229.4 233.7 236.0 1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 131.2 90.0 94.6 97.7 3.3 216.8 148.5 156.2 162.9 4.3

Other services............................. 105.6 93.1 94.8 95.9 1.2 165.2 152.5 155.0 156.6 1.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.