For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, July 26, 2023 USDL-23-1639

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 12 states on the last business day of May, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 5 states and decreased in 2 states. Total separations

rates increased in 9 states and decreased in 7 states. Nationally, the job openings rate decreased while 

hires and total separations rates changed little in May.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In May, job openings rates decreased in 12 states and were little changed in 38 states and the District of 

Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Colorado (-1.4 percentage points) as 

well as in Arizona and Hawaii (-0.9 point each). Over the month, the national job openings rate 

decreased (-0.3 point). (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 15 states and was little changed in 35 states and the District 

of Columbia in May. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in Florida (-63,000), 

Pennsylvania (-54,000), and Colorado (-47,000). Nationally, the number of job openings decreased over 

the month (-496,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In May, hires rates increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states and 

the District of Columbia. The largest increases in the hires rates occurred in Alaska (+1.0 percentage 

point) and in Louisiana and North Dakota (+0.9 point each). The decreases occurred in New Hampshire

(-1.2 points) and Massachusetts (-0.6 point). The national hires rate was little changed over the month. 

(See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 6 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 41 states and 

the District of Columbia in May. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Washington

(+23,000), Louisiana (+18,000), and Oregon (+16,000). The decreases occurred in Massachusetts 

(-23,000), New Hampshire (-8,000), and Rhode Island (-4,000). Nationally, the number of hires was 

little changed over the month. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Total Separations

In May, total separations rates increased in 9 states, decreased in 7 states, and were little changed in 34

states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in total separations rates occurred in Delaware

(+1.5 percentage points), Alabama (+1.2 points), and Maine (+1.1 points). The largest decreases

occurred in Alaska (-2.5 points), North Dakota (-1.2 points), and South Dakota (-1.1 points). Over the 

month, the national total separations rate was little changed. (See table 3.)

In May, the number of total separations increased in 11 states, decreased in 9 states, and was little 

changed in 30 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases occurred in Texas (+76,000),

New York (+61,000), and Georgia (+48,000). The largest decreases in the total separations level 

occurred in Illinois (-34,000), New Jersey (-22,000), and Arizona (-20,000). Nationally, the number of 

total separations was little changed. (See table 3.)

Quits

In May, quits rates increased in 9 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 40 states and 

the District of Columbia. The largest increases in quits rates occurred in Alabama and Delaware 

(+1.0 percentage point each) as well as in Arkansas, Louisiana, Maine, New York, Texas, and Utah 

(+0.6 point each). The decrease occurred in Iowa (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national quits rate

increased (+0.2 point). (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 10 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 39 states and 

the District of Columbia in May. The largest increases in the quits level occurred in Texas (+73,000), 

New York (+55,000), and Alabama (+22,000). The decrease occurred in Iowa (-8,000). Nationally, the

number of quits increased (+250,000). (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In May, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed 

in 39 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred 

in Alaska (-2.2 percentage points) and North Dakota (-0.9 point), as well as in Kansas and South Dakota

(-0.7 point each). The increases occurred in Mississippi (+0.7 point) and Georgia (+0.6 point). Over the 

month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 10 states, increased in 3 states, and was little 

changed in 37 states and the District of Columbia in May. The largest decreases in the layoffs and 

discharges levels occurred in Ohio (-23,000) as well as in Illinois and Virginia (-17,000 each). The 

increases occurred in Georgia (+31,000), Mississippi (+8,000), and New Hampshire (+3,000). 

Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

Annual Levels and Rates 

Annual estimates for state data series are published concurrently with the state annual revisions. 

Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. (See tables 11 through 

20.)

The annual average level of job openings is the average of the 12 monthly levels. Annual levels for 

hires, total separations, quits, and layoffs and discharges are the sum of the 12 monthly levels. 
- 3 - 

Annual average rates for job openings are computed by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly job opening 

levels by the sum of the 12 monthly Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations, quits, and layoffs and discharges are computed by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly 

CES employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for June 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, August 16, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Changes to State Estimates from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover

Survey 

Effective with this release, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) state estimates have 

been benchmarked, or revised, to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics 

state employment estimates, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) updates through 

fourth quarter 2022, revised JOLTS national data, and revised JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. In 

2022, state estimates were benchmarked in June with the release of April data. The change in the release 

date from June to July was made to incorporate QCEW data through the fourth quarter of 2022. Not 

seasonally adjusted data and seasonally adjusted data from January 2018 forward are subject to revision. 

Additional historical data may also be revised due to benchmarking. 

JOLTS has made several changes to the monthly news release tables with this news release. Significance 

tables A through E have been removed from the news release and provided as supplemental tables on 

the JOLTS website. JOLTS has also introduced over-the-month change columns for levels and rates to 

tables 1 through 5. Also, two tables were added to present annual average job openings levels and rates. 

(Annual estimates of levels and rates are published each year with the annual benchmark.) 

Also effective with this release, JOLTS is modifying its estimation methodology to reduce variance. 

State data from January 2018 forward is subject to revision. 

Additional information about these changes is available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts-2023-changes.htm. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 11,443 9,974 9,745 10,320 9,824 -496 7.0 6.0 5.9 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Alabama.................................. 157 142 131 145 138 -7 6.9 6.2 5.8 6.3 6.0 -0.3

Alaska..................................... 31 27 26 28 26 -2 8.9 7.7 7.4 7.9 7.4 -0.5

Arizona.................................... 237 190 206 240 208 -32 7.1 5.7 6.1 7.1 6.2 -0.9

Arkansas.................................. 109 98 97 101 101 0 7.6 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.9 0.0

California................................. 1,347 980 895 1,043 1,005 -38 7.1 5.2 4.7 5.5 5.3 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 235 241 214 259 212 -47 7.6 7.7 6.9 8.2 6.8 -1.4

Connecticut............................... 115 95 100 97 85 -12 6.5 5.3 5.6 5.4 4.8 -0.6

Delaware................................. 38 36 36 37 36 -1 7.5 7.0 6.9 7.1 6.9 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 45 39 46 40 45 5 5.6 4.8 5.6 4.9 5.5 0.6

Florida..................................... 633 634 662 669 606 -63 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.4 5.9 -0.5

Georgia................................... 407 436 383 385 368 -17 7.8 8.2 7.3 7.3 7.0 -0.3

Hawaii..................................... 40 35 33 38 32 -6 6.1 5.2 5.0 5.7 4.8 -0.9

Idaho...................................... 65 54 55 57 57 0 7.3 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.3 0.0

Illinois..................................... 449 411 401 423 429 6 7.0 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.5 0.0

Indiana.................................... 216 169 175 193 182 -11 6.4 5.0 5.1 5.6 5.3 -0.3

Iowa....................................... 115 99 94 107 100 -7 6.8 5.9 5.6 6.3 5.9 -0.4

Kansas.................................... 101 90 84 97 91 -6 6.7 5.9 5.5 6.3 5.9 -0.4

Kentucky.................................. 164 133 138 145 146 1 7.7 6.3 6.4 6.8 6.8 0.0

Louisiana................................. 159 151 143 148 157 9 7.7 7.2 6.8 7.0 7.4 0.4

Maine..................................... 47 44 49 44 40 -4 6.9 6.4 7.1 6.4 5.8 -0.6

Maryland.................................. 218 199 200 206 204 -2 7.5 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.9 -0.1

Massachusetts........................... 326 259 282 298 271 -27 8.2 6.5 7.0 7.3 6.7 -0.6

Michigan.................................. 365 261 250 296 256 -40 7.7 5.6 5.4 6.3 5.5 -0.8

Minnesota................................ 227 192 180 206 210 4 7.2 6.0 5.7 6.5 6.6 0.1

Mississippi................................ 88 83 84 91 87 -4 7.0 6.6 6.7 7.2 6.9 -0.3

Missouri................................... 225 198 187 190 176 -14 7.1 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.6 -0.4

Montana.................................. 48 39 37 41 37 -4 8.6 7.0 6.7 7.3 6.7 -0.6

Nebraska................................. 74 65 57 69 63 -6 6.8 5.9 5.2 6.2 5.7 -0.5

Nevada.................................... 109 105 100 113 107 -6 6.8 6.4 6.1 6.8 6.5 -0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 52 47 49 47 41 -6 7.1 6.3 6.5 6.3 5.5 -0.8

New Jersey............................... 274 268 240 232 210 -22 6.1 5.8 5.3 5.1 4.6 -0.5

New Mexico.............................. 69 63 61 71 67 -4 7.5 6.8 6.6 7.6 7.2 -0.4

New York................................. 515 429 430 460 435 -25 5.2 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.3 -0.2

North Carolina........................... 395 370 372 379 388 9 7.6 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 0.1

North Dakota............................. 33 27 29 29 30 1 7.2 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.5 0.2

Ohio....................................... 399 309 347 393 380 -13 6.7 5.2 5.8 6.5 6.3 -0.2

Oklahoma................................. 124 123 119 128 128 0 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.9 6.9 0.0

Oregon.................................... 145 126 120 126 122 -4 7.0 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.8 -0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 492 421 420 399 345 -54 7.6 6.5 6.4 6.1 5.3 -0.8

Rhode Island............................. 39 33 33 33 28 -5 7.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.4 -0.8

South Carolina........................... 182 175 182 172 178 6 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 7.2 0.2

South Dakota............................ 35 29 29 31 31 0 7.2 5.9 5.9 6.3 6.3 0.0

Tennessee................................ 266 255 244 252 239 -13 7.6 7.2 6.9 7.1 6.7 -0.4

Texas..................................... 1,019 880 821 819 846 27 7.1 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.7 0.1

Utah....................................... 126 104 105 113 109 -4 7.0 5.7 5.8 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Vermont................................... 24 21 20 21 19 -2 7.3 6.4 6.1 6.4 5.8 -0.6

Virginia.................................... 314 329 328 315 307 -8 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.1 6.9 -0.2

Washington............................... 240 203 187 213 189 -24 6.4 5.3 4.9 5.6 5.0 -0.6

West Virginia............................. 61 56 54 55 55 0 8.0 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.3 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 226 182 188 205 182 -23 7.1 5.7 5.9 6.4 5.7 -0.7

Wyoming.................................. 24 20 20 22 19 -3 7.8 6.5 6.5 7.1 6.2 -0.9

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,545 6,150 6,066 6,101 6,208 107 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 0.1

Alabama.................................. 90 99 90 93 105 12 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.9 0.6

Alaska..................................... 22 20 20 18 21 3 6.9 6.1 6.2 5.5 6.5 1.0

Arizona.................................... 159 138 147 148 154 6 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.9 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 65 64 59 61 65 4 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.8 0.3

California................................. 663 592 579 539 524 -15 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Colorado.................................. 140 125 117 128 124 -4 4.9 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Connecticut............................... 60 55 59 59 66 7 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.9 0.4

Delaware................................. 23 25 24 24 24 0 4.9 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.9 -0.1

District of Columbia..................... 25 25 27 24 27 3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.1 3.5 0.4

Florida..................................... 439 372 383 404 400 -4 4.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Georgia................................... 270 239 235 230 212 -18 5.6 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.3 -0.4

Hawaii..................................... 23 23 23 21 21 0 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.3 0.0

Idaho...................................... 44 38 42 41 43 2 5.4 4.5 5.0 4.8 5.1 0.3

Illinois..................................... 279 252 241 248 263 15 4.6 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.3 0.3

Indiana.................................... 140 146 131 151 156 5 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.6 4.8 0.2

Iowa....................................... 64 61 57 60 64 4 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 0.2

Kansas.................................... 53 59 51 59 59 0 3.8 4.1 3.5 4.1 4.1 0.0

Kentucky.................................. 95 103 93 84 91 7 4.9 5.2 4.6 4.2 4.5 0.3

Louisiana................................. 89 104 95 85 103 18 4.6 5.3 4.9 4.3 5.2 0.9

Maine..................................... 25 25 28 25 24 -1 3.9 3.9 4.3 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Maryland.................................. 109 113 116 107 111 4 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.1 0.2

Massachusetts........................... 128 128 130 135 112 -23 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.0 -0.6

Michigan.................................. 153 161 164 153 166 13 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2

Minnesota................................ 104 107 111 117 116 -1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 0.0

Mississippi................................ 53 57 48 52 55 3 4.6 4.8 4.1 4.4 4.7 0.3

Missouri................................... 117 107 109 105 118 13 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.5 4.0 0.5

Montana.................................. 29 29 28 25 29 4 5.7 5.6 5.4 4.8 5.6 0.8

Nebraska................................. 39 48 36 41 42 1 3.8 4.6 3.4 3.9 4.0 0.1

Nevada.................................... 80 64 72 67 66 -1 5.4 4.2 4.7 4.4 4.3 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 30 28 31 37 29 -8 4.4 4.0 4.4 5.3 4.1 -1.2

New Jersey............................... 168 154 203 167 158 -9 4.0 3.6 4.7 3.9 3.6 -0.3

New Mexico.............................. 36 37 38 34 38 4 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.9 4.4 0.5

New York................................. 356 310 297 281 286 5 3.8 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 0.0

North Carolina........................... 222 219 180 213 209 -4 4.6 4.5 3.7 4.4 4.3 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 19 18 18 17 21 4 4.5 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.8 0.9

Ohio....................................... 253 201 210 222 215 -7 4.6 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Oklahoma................................. 86 81 79 79 78 -1 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Oregon.................................... 84 82 85 72 88 16 4.3 4.1 4.3 3.6 4.4 0.8

Pennsylvania............................. 196 182 185 198 200 2 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.3 0.1

Rhode Island............................. 21 21 23 25 21 -4 4.2 4.2 4.6 5.0 4.2 -0.8

South Carolina........................... 115 111 99 110 111 1 5.1 4.9 4.3 4.8 4.8 0.0

South Dakota............................ 19 20 19 19 19 0 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Tennessee................................ 150 145 149 160 161 1 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.9 0.1

Texas..................................... 669 610 599 624 635 11 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 0.1

Utah....................................... 72 71 71 70 78 8 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 0.4

Vermont................................... 12 12 13 15 13 -2 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.8 4.2 -0.6

Virginia.................................... 164 177 178 169 166 -3 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Washington............................... 132 133 124 129 152 23 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.6 4.2 0.6

West Virginia............................. 34 35 36 32 33 1 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.7 0.1

Wisconsin................................. 108 111 98 111 121 10 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.7 4.0 0.3

Wyoming.................................. 16 15 15 14 14 0 5.7 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.8 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,025 5,841 5,994 5,660 5,871 211 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 0.2

Alabama.................................. 92 96 90 76 101 25 4.4 4.5 4.2 3.5 4.7 1.2

Alaska..................................... 17 19 19 26 18 -8 5.3 5.8 5.9 8.0 5.5 -2.5

Arizona.................................... 140 128 141 142 122 -20 4.5 4.1 4.5 4.5 3.9 -0.6

Arkansas.................................. 57 62 62 54 63 9 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.6 0.6

California................................. 720 592 636 505 525 20 4.1 3.3 3.5 2.8 2.9 0.1

Colorado.................................. 128 120 134 116 111 -5 4.5 4.1 4.6 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Connecticut............................... 55 51 59 56 63 7 3.3 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.7 0.4

Delaware................................. 26 25 24 21 28 7 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.3 5.8 1.5

District of Columbia..................... 23 30 24 21 26 5 3.0 3.9 3.1 2.7 3.3 0.6

Florida..................................... 457 422 404 397 403 6 4.9 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 0.0

Georgia................................... 277 246 219 192 240 48 5.8 5.0 4.5 3.9 4.9 1.0

Hawaii..................................... 21 21 22 19 21 2 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.0 3.3 0.3

Idaho...................................... 36 39 39 44 37 -7 4.4 4.6 4.6 5.2 4.4 -0.8

Illinois..................................... 237 207 227 243 209 -34 3.9 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.4 -0.6

Indiana.................................... 117 140 133 145 134 -11 3.7 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.1 -0.4

Iowa....................................... 60 60 59 69 58 -11 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.3 3.6 -0.7

Kansas.................................... 50 54 58 65 55 -10 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.5 3.8 -0.7

Kentucky.................................. 89 93 92 89 95 6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.7 0.3

Louisiana................................. 92 103 103 82 101 19 4.8 5.3 5.3 4.2 5.1 0.9

Maine..................................... 23 25 29 22 29 7 3.6 3.9 4.5 3.4 4.5 1.1

Maryland.................................. 98 129 131 110 115 5 3.6 4.7 4.8 4.0 4.2 0.2

Massachusetts........................... 97 105 119 114 106 -8 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Michigan.................................. 156 132 153 148 162 14 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.6 0.3

Minnesota................................ 104 98 106 102 100 -2 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Mississippi................................ 51 53 52 52 62 10 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 5.3 0.9

Missouri................................... 112 101 108 112 110 -2 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Montana.................................. 28 28 30 29 28 -1 5.5 5.4 5.8 5.6 5.4 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 40 34 38 43 38 -5 3.9 3.3 3.6 4.1 3.7 -0.4

Nevada.................................... 59 65 68 66 66 0 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3 0.0

New Hampshire.......................... 31 25 35 25 29 4 4.5 3.6 5.0 3.6 4.1 0.5

New Jersey............................... 141 128 158 150 128 -22 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.5 3.0 -0.5

New Mexico.............................. 35 36 36 35 33 -2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.8 -0.2

New York................................. 296 265 262 231 292 61 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.4 3.0 0.6

North Carolina........................... 207 197 190 197 199 2 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 0.1

North Dakota............................. 19 17 18 22 17 -5 4.5 3.9 4.1 5.1 3.9 -1.2

Ohio....................................... 192 199 195 229 218 -11 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Oklahoma................................. 70 84 71 67 71 4 4.1 4.9 4.1 3.9 4.1 0.2

Oregon.................................... 73 79 82 81 78 -3 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 203 170 189 176 191 15 3.4 2.8 3.1 2.9 3.1 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 19 18 22 20 22 2 3.8 3.6 4.4 4.0 4.5 0.5

South Carolina........................... 100 100 103 91 102 11 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.4 0.4

South Dakota............................ 19 18 19 23 18 -5 4.2 3.9 4.1 5.0 3.9 -1.1

Tennessee................................ 142 148 158 133 147 14 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.0 4.4 0.4

Texas..................................... 532 569 520 476 552 76 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.4 4.0 0.6

Utah....................................... 64 66 68 70 82 12 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.7 0.6

Vermont................................... 12 12 15 11 14 3 4.0 3.9 4.9 3.6 4.5 0.9

Virginia.................................... 149 153 177 173 169 -4 3.7 3.7 4.3 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Washington............................... 115 127 139 131 122 -9 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.4 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 31 37 34 34 34 0 4.4 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 97 97 107 112 113 1 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.8 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 15 15 15 16 16 0 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.5 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 4,208 3,980 3,842 3,765 4,015 250 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 0.2

Alabama.................................. 61 72 63 55 77 22 2.9 3.4 2.9 2.6 3.6 1.0

Alaska..................................... 12 12 11 11 12 1 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.7 0.3

Arizona.................................... 108 88 95 103 94 -9 3.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.0 -0.3

Arkansas.................................. 39 45 42 37 45 8 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3 0.6

California................................. 473 384 359 341 347 6 2.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 0.0

Colorado.................................. 88 79 77 77 77 0 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.0

Connecticut............................... 36 33 34 35 41 6 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.4 0.3

Delaware................................. 18 17 16 15 20 5 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.1 4.1 1.0

District of Columbia..................... 16 22 16 14 18 4 2.1 2.9 2.1 1.8 2.3 0.5

Florida..................................... 339 284 279 290 286 -4 3.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Georgia................................... 197 194 151 142 158 16 4.1 4.0 3.1 2.9 3.2 0.3

Hawaii..................................... 15 14 14 12 14 2 2.5 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.2 0.3

Idaho...................................... 27 25 25 27 26 -1 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Illinois..................................... 147 126 135 144 134 -10 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.2 -0.2

Indiana.................................... 90 95 88 94 90 -4 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Iowa....................................... 44 39 37 45 37 -8 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.3 -0.5

Kansas.................................... 36 36 37 36 37 1 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 0.1

Kentucky.................................. 65 68 65 65 70 5 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.5 0.3

Louisiana................................. 59 77 70 57 69 12 3.1 4.0 3.6 2.9 3.5 0.6

Maine..................................... 15 16 16 15 19 4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.9 0.6

Maryland.................................. 68 87 86 75 77 2 2.5 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.8 0.1

Massachusetts........................... 70 67 63 71 66 -5 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Michigan.................................. 118 84 94 89 105 16 2.7 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.4 0.4

Minnesota................................ 72 65 68 68 71 3 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 0.1

Mississippi................................ 36 39 35 37 39 2 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 0.2

Missouri................................... 79 67 72 73 78 5 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 0.1

Montana.................................. 20 18 17 18 19 1 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.7 0.2

Nebraska................................. 25 22 23 26 24 -2 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 42 44 43 45 47 2 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1 0.2

New Hampshire.......................... 21 15 21 15 17 2 3.1 2.1 3.0 2.1 2.4 0.3

New Jersey............................... 79 84 91 92 82 -10 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9 -0.2

New Mexico.............................. 23 23 22 22 23 1 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 0.1

New York................................. 179 168 164 140 195 55 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.4 2.0 0.6

North Carolina........................... 145 137 123 138 134 -4 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.7 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 11 11 10 13 12 -1 2.6 2.5 2.3 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Ohio....................................... 130 127 133 126 142 16 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.5 0.3

Oklahoma................................. 48 60 48 48 50 2 2.8 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 0.1

Oregon.................................... 53 50 51 52 54 2 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 156 100 118 121 122 1 2.6 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.0 0.0

Rhode Island............................. 12 12 13 13 13 0 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.0

South Carolina........................... 74 75 73 66 73 7 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.2 0.3

South Dakota............................ 14 11 12 13 12 -1 3.1 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.6 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 104 105 99 98 103 5 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 0.1

Texas..................................... 399 439 376 339 412 73 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.4 3.0 0.6

Utah....................................... 47 46 44 48 58 10 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.4 0.6

Vermont................................... 8 8 8 7 9 2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.9 0.6

Virginia.................................... 104 109 120 107 120 13 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.9 0.3

Washington............................... 79 80 84 87 85 -2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 -0.1

West Virginia............................. 22 27 24 23 23 0 3.2 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.3 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 72 65 67 69 72 3 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 11 10 9 10 10 0 3.9 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.5 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

May

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Change

from:

Apr.

2023 -

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,482 1,557 1,845 1,590 1,555 -35 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0

Alabama.................................. 24 19 22 17 20 3 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.1

Alaska..................................... 4 6 6 12 5 -7 1.3 1.8 1.8 3.7 1.5 -2.2

Arizona.................................... 26 34 36 34 21 -13 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.7 -0.4

Arkansas.................................. 14 13 16 14 15 1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.1

California................................. 197 176 249 136 147 11 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.0

Colorado.................................. 30 34 45 33 30 -3 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Connecticut............................... 15 16 22 15 17 2 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.1

Delaware................................. 6 6 7 5 7 2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.4

District of Columbia..................... 6 6 6 5 6 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.2

Florida..................................... 95 118 107 89 99 10 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.1

Georgia................................... 70 42 57 42 73 31 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.5 0.6

Hawaii..................................... 5 6 7 5 6 1 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.2

Idaho...................................... 8 12 11 14 10 -4 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.2 -0.5

Illinois..................................... 75 68 86 84 67 -17 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Indiana.................................... 21 38 39 45 37 -8 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Iowa....................................... 13 17 18 21 18 -3 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Kansas.................................... 10 15 17 25 15 -10 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.0 -0.7

Kentucky.................................. 20 21 22 20 21 1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Louisiana................................. 28 22 29 22 25 3 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.2

Maine..................................... 7 6 11 6 8 2 1.1 0.9 1.7 0.9 1.2 0.3

Maryland.................................. 24 33 37 28 33 5 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.2

Massachusetts........................... 23 32 52 34 31 -3 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Michigan.................................. 33 41 53 53 52 -1 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0

Minnesota................................ 27 28 32 30 24 -6 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Mississippi................................ 12 11 13 12 20 8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.7 0.7

Missouri................................... 27 29 29 34 26 -8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Montana.................................. 6 8 10 8 7 -1 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.4 -0.1

Nebraska................................. 13 11 12 15 12 -3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 14 18 22 18 17 -1 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 8 8 13 7 10 3 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.0 1.4 0.4

New Jersey............................... 55 40 61 49 34 -15 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.8 -0.3

New Mexico.............................. 9 11 11 9 8 -1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.9 -0.1

New York................................. 98 84 83 78 84 6 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

North Carolina........................... 53 51 56 50 54 4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.1

North Dakota............................. 7 5 6 8 4 -4 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.8 0.9 -0.9

Ohio....................................... 48 62 50 85 62 -23 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.1 -0.4

Oklahoma................................. 17 19 20 15 18 3 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.1

Oregon.................................... 15 24 26 24 20 -4 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Pennsylvania............................. 35 64 66 45 58 13 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 6 6 8 6 7 1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.2

South Carolina........................... 20 19 25 21 23 2 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.1

South Dakota............................ 4 6 5 9 6 -3 0.9 1.3 1.1 2.0 1.3 -0.7

Tennessee................................ 31 34 53 28 38 10 1.0 1.0 1.6 0.8 1.1 0.3

Texas..................................... 107 106 127 114 118 4 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0

Utah....................................... 14 17 19 18 21 3 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.2

Vermont................................... 3 4 7 3 4 1 1.0 1.3 2.3 1.0 1.3 0.3

Virginia.................................... 38 33 48 59 42 -17 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.0 -0.4

Washington............................... 28 41 46 35 29 -6 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.8 -0.2

West Virginia............................. 7 8 8 9 9 0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.0

Wisconsin................................. 20 26 31 38 35 -3 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Wyoming.................................. 4 4 5 5 4 -1 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.4 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 11,297 10,856 9,566 6.9 6.5 5.8

Alabama................................................................. 156 149 135 6.9 6.5 5.9

Alaska................................................................... 45 28 37 12.2 8.1 10.2

Arizona.................................................................. 217 235 185 6.6 6.9 5.6

Arkansas................................................................ 105 101 96 7.3 6.9 6.5

California................................................................ 1,329 1,066 994 7.0 5.6 5.2

Colorado................................................................ 226 266 202 7.3 8.4 6.5

Connecticut............................................................. 124 101 92 6.9 5.7 5.1

Delaware................................................................ 36 45 34 7.1 8.5 6.5

District of Columbia.................................................... 41 42 41 5.1 5.1 5.0

Florida................................................................... 637 707 600 6.4 6.8 5.8

Georgia.................................................................. 393 405 348 7.6 7.6 6.6

Hawaii................................................................... 34 36 26 5.2 5.4 4.0

Idaho.................................................................... 67 62 59 7.5 6.8 6.5

Illinois.................................................................... 448 462 421 6.9 7.0 6.4

Indiana.................................................................. 214 216 177 6.3 6.2 5.1

Iowa..................................................................... 112 125 96 6.6 7.3 5.6

Kansas.................................................................. 94 103 83 6.2 6.7 5.4

Kentucky................................................................ 158 150 139 7.5 6.9 6.5

Louisiana................................................................ 150 153 146 7.2 7.2 6.9

Maine.................................................................... 52 45 44 7.5 6.6 6.4

Maryland................................................................ 208 220 191 7.1 7.4 6.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 342 306 283 8.5 7.5 7.0

Michigan................................................................ 377 321 259 7.9 6.8 5.5

Minnesota............................................................... 237 234 217 7.4 7.3 6.7

Mississippi.............................................................. 85 93 84 6.8 7.3 6.6

Missouri................................................................. 219 208 167 6.9 6.5 5.3

Montana................................................................. 52 43 40 9.2 7.7 7.1

Nebraska................................................................ 72 75 60 6.5 6.7 5.4

Nevada.................................................................. 106 121 104 6.7 7.3 6.3

New Hampshire........................................................ 53 46 40 7.1 6.3 5.4

New Jersey............................................................. 265 224 196 5.9 5.0 4.3

New Mexico............................................................ 57 75 56 6.3 8.0 6.0

New York............................................................... 518 473 430 5.2 4.7 4.2

North Carolina.......................................................... 393 397 385 7.6 7.5 7.3

North Dakota........................................................... 35 30 32 7.6 6.4 6.8

Ohio..................................................................... 406 430 380 6.8 7.1 6.3

Oklahoma............................................................... 115 132 117 6.4 7.1 6.3

Oregon.................................................................. 130 121 109 6.3 5.7 5.2

Pennsylvania........................................................... 503 406 347 7.7 6.2 5.3

Rhode Island........................................................... 41 35 29 7.5 6.6 5.6

South Carolina......................................................... 179 187 173 7.4 7.6 7.0

South Dakota........................................................... 39 32 34 7.9 6.5 6.9

Tennessee.............................................................. 265 265 235 7.6 7.4 6.6

Texas.................................................................... 991 877 814 6.9 6.0 5.5

Utah..................................................................... 121 122 105 6.7 6.6 5.7

Vermont................................................................. 25 22 19 7.6 6.6 6.0

Virginia.................................................................. 300 327 287 6.9 7.3 6.5

Washington............................................................. 218 243 172 5.8 6.3 4.5

West Virginia........................................................... 57 56 50 7.5 7.4 6.6

Wisconsin............................................................... 222 219 176 7.0 6.8 5.5

Wyoming................................................................ 29 22 24 9.3 7.0 7.5

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 7,231 6,277 6,850 4.7 4.0 4.4

Alabama................................................................. 100 91 115 4.8 4.2 5.4

Alaska................................................................... 39 17 37 12.0 5.3 11.3

Arizona.................................................................. 156 159 152 5.0 5.0 4.8

Arkansas................................................................ 71 58 71 5.3 4.3 5.2

California................................................................ 658 541 511 3.7 3.0 2.8

Colorado................................................................ 163 140 144 5.7 4.8 5.0

Connecticut............................................................. 73 69 79 4.3 4.1 4.7

Delaware................................................................ 26 27 26 5.5 5.7 5.4

District of Columbia.................................................... 25 23 28 3.3 2.9 3.6

Florida................................................................... 461 393 425 4.9 4.0 4.4

Georgia.................................................................. 307 227 240 6.4 4.7 4.9

Hawaii................................................................... 22 19 20 3.5 3.0 3.2

Idaho.................................................................... 52 42 50 6.3 5.0 5.9

Illinois.................................................................... 309 234 297 5.1 3.8 4.8

Indiana.................................................................. 157 151 175 4.9 4.7 5.3

Iowa..................................................................... 78 62 78 4.9 3.9 4.9

Kansas.................................................................. 58 54 65 4.1 3.8 4.5

Kentucky................................................................ 101 87 96 5.2 4.3 4.8

Louisiana................................................................ 100 82 113 5.2 4.2 5.8

Maine.................................................................... 36 28 33 5.6 4.4 5.2

Maryland................................................................ 113 113 115 4.2 4.1 4.2

Massachusetts......................................................... 150 147 128 4.1 3.9 3.4

Michigan................................................................ 189 159 203 4.3 3.6 4.5

Minnesota............................................................... 138 125 151 4.7 4.2 5.0

Mississippi.............................................................. 56 48 57 4.8 4.1 4.8

Missouri................................................................. 122 104 124 4.1 3.5 4.2

Montana................................................................. 39 27 38 7.6 5.3 7.4

Nebraska................................................................ 42 41 45 4.1 3.9 4.3

Nevada.................................................................. 92 65 76 6.2 4.2 4.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 35 45 32 5.1 6.5 4.6

New Jersey............................................................. 182 175 170 4.3 4.1 3.9

New Mexico............................................................ 37 38 39 4.3 4.3 4.5

New York............................................................... 420 302 329 4.4 3.1 3.4

North Carolina.......................................................... 258 216 241 5.4 4.4 4.9

North Dakota........................................................... 25 16 28 5.8 3.8 6.4

Ohio..................................................................... 294 227 260 5.3 4.1 4.6

Oklahoma............................................................... 89 79 81 5.3 4.6 4.7

Oregon.................................................................. 86 71 89 4.4 3.6 4.5

Pennsylvania........................................................... 229 246 227 3.8 4.0 3.7

Rhode Island........................................................... 26 30 24 5.1 6.2 4.9

South Carolina......................................................... 125 110 121 5.6 4.8 5.2

South Dakota........................................................... 28 20 29 6.1 4.3 6.2

Tennessee.............................................................. 167 164 177 5.1 4.9 5.4

Texas.................................................................... 713 649 682 5.3 4.7 4.9

Utah..................................................................... 80 74 88 4.8 4.3 5.1

Vermont................................................................. 16 17 16 5.1 5.5 5.1

Virginia.................................................................. 173 174 174 4.3 4.2 4.2

Washington............................................................. 133 137 153 3.8 3.8 4.2

West Virginia........................................................... 39 34 38 5.5 4.8 5.5

Wisconsin............................................................... 125 104 138 4.2 3.5 4.6

Wyoming................................................................ 23 13 21 8.1 4.7 7.3

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 5,924 5,578 5,707 3.9 3.6 3.7

Alabama................................................................. 94 78 103 4.5 3.6 4.8

Alaska................................................................... 18 19 17 5.4 6.1 5.3

Arizona.................................................................. 154 157 130 5.0 5.0 4.1

Arkansas................................................................ 57 51 62 4.3 3.7 4.6

California................................................................ 712 510 510 4.0 2.8 2.8

Colorado................................................................ 122 128 102 4.2 4.4 3.5

Connecticut............................................................. 47 54 54 2.8 3.2 3.2

Delaware................................................................ 26 20 29 5.6 4.1 6.0

District of Columbia.................................................... 23 20 26 3.0 2.6 3.3

Florida................................................................... 484 409 429 5.2 4.2 4.4

Georgia.................................................................. 276 195 240 5.8 4.0 4.9

Hawaii................................................................... 21 19 21 3.4 3.0 3.3

Idaho.................................................................... 34 48 34 4.1 5.7 4.0

Illinois.................................................................... 219 218 190 3.6 3.6 3.1

Indiana.................................................................. 123 151 137 3.8 4.7 4.2

Iowa..................................................................... 62 66 57 3.9 4.1 3.6

Kansas.................................................................. 53 58 57 3.7 4.0 3.9

Kentucky................................................................ 83 84 89 4.2 4.2 4.4

Louisiana................................................................ 92 82 102 4.8 4.2 5.2

Maine.................................................................... 20 20 25 3.1 3.2 3.9

Maryland................................................................ 84 100 97 3.1 3.7 3.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 81 109 89 2.2 2.9 2.4

Michigan................................................................ 159 140 163 3.6 3.2 3.7

Minnesota............................................................... 99 98 96 3.4 3.3 3.2

Mississippi.............................................................. 51 47 62 4.4 4.0 5.3

Missouri................................................................. 111 103 107 3.8 3.5 3.6

Montana................................................................. 27 27 27 5.4 5.2 5.2

Nebraska................................................................ 42 40 40 4.1 3.8 3.8

Nevada.................................................................. 58 62 63 3.9 4.0 4.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 28 23 26 4.1 3.3 3.7

New Jersey............................................................. 111 135 102 2.6 3.1 2.4

New Mexico............................................................ 34 34 31 4.0 3.9 3.6

New York............................................................... 273 225 269 2.9 2.3 2.8

North Carolina.......................................................... 209 191 201 4.3 3.9 4.1

North Dakota........................................................... 21 20 18 4.8 4.6 4.0

Ohio..................................................................... 198 211 220 3.6 3.8 3.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 69 67 69 4.1 3.8 4.0

Oregon.................................................................. 68 76 70 3.5 3.8 3.5

Pennsylvania........................................................... 192 173 172 3.2 2.8 2.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 18 17 20 3.6 3.4 4.0

South Carolina......................................................... 93 88 96 4.2 3.9 4.2

South Dakota........................................................... 19 20 18 4.3 4.5 3.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 145 130 149 4.5 3.9 4.5

Texas.................................................................... 539 496 556 4.0 3.6 4.0

Utah..................................................................... 64 77 81 3.8 4.5 4.7

Vermont................................................................. 16 12 18 5.2 4.0 5.9

Virginia.................................................................. 148 162 168 3.6 3.9 4.1

Washington............................................................. 98 144 101 2.8 4.0 2.8

West Virginia........................................................... 30 34 33 4.3 4.9 4.7

Wisconsin............................................................... 103 110 116 3.5 3.7 3.9

Wyoming................................................................ 14 16 14 5.1 5.6 5.0

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 4,226 3,820 4,036 2.8 2.5 2.6

Alabama................................................................. 62 59 79 3.0 2.7 3.7

Alaska................................................................... 13 8 12 3.9 2.6 3.7

Arizona.................................................................. 115 113 99 3.7 3.6 3.1

Arkansas................................................................ 39 37 45 2.9 2.7 3.3

California................................................................ 489 356 358 2.8 2.0 2.0

Colorado................................................................ 87 77 74 3.0 2.7 2.6

Connecticut............................................................. 33 35 38 2.0 2.1 2.2

Delaware................................................................ 18 14 20 3.8 2.9 4.1

District of Columbia.................................................... 15 13 17 2.0 1.7 2.2

Florida................................................................... 351 311 299 3.7 3.2 3.1

Georgia.................................................................. 197 150 158 4.1 3.1 3.2

Hawaii................................................................... 15 12 14 2.5 2.0 2.3

Idaho.................................................................... 25 30 24 3.1 3.6 2.8

Illinois.................................................................... 138 129 125 2.3 2.1 2.0

Indiana.................................................................. 95 105 95 3.0 3.2 2.9

Iowa..................................................................... 47 47 40 3.0 2.9 2.5

Kansas.................................................................. 39 35 39 2.7 2.4 2.7

Kentucky................................................................ 61 65 66 3.1 3.2 3.3

Louisiana................................................................ 61 58 72 3.2 2.9 3.7

Maine.................................................................... 14 14 18 2.3 2.2 2.9

Maryland................................................................ 60 73 68 2.2 2.7 2.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 62 72 58 1.7 1.9 1.6

Michigan................................................................ 122 86 109 2.8 2.0 2.4

Minnesota............................................................... 71 66 71 2.4 2.2 2.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 38 35 41 3.2 2.9 3.5

Missouri................................................................. 78 67 76 2.6 2.3 2.5

Montana................................................................. 21 17 20 4.1 3.2 3.8

Nebraska................................................................ 26 25 26 2.6 2.4 2.4

Nevada.................................................................. 42 42 45 2.8 2.7 2.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 21 15 17 3.1 2.2 2.4

New Jersey............................................................. 70 92 73 1.6 2.1 1.7

New Mexico............................................................ 22 21 22 2.6 2.5 2.5

New York............................................................... 176 138 193 1.8 1.4 2.0

North Carolina.......................................................... 140 142 131 2.9 2.9 2.7

North Dakota........................................................... 12 12 12 2.8 2.8 2.8

Ohio..................................................................... 138 124 151 2.5 2.2 2.7

Oklahoma............................................................... 50 47 51 2.9 2.7 3.0

Oregon.................................................................. 50 49 50 2.6 2.5 2.5

Pennsylvania........................................................... 159 128 123 2.6 2.1 2.0

Rhode Island........................................................... 13 11 14 2.6 2.3 2.7

South Carolina......................................................... 69 66 69 3.1 2.9 3.0

South Dakota........................................................... 14 12 12 3.2 2.7 2.6

Tennessee.............................................................. 108 97 107 3.3 2.9 3.2

Texas.................................................................... 409 354 426 3.1 2.6 3.1

Utah..................................................................... 48 51 60 2.9 3.0 3.5

Vermont................................................................. 12 8 13 3.9 2.8 4.4

Virginia.................................................................. 103 107 120 2.5 2.6 2.9

Washington............................................................. 68 91 72 1.9 2.5 2.0

West Virginia........................................................... 22 24 23 3.1 3.4 3.3

Wisconsin............................................................... 78 69 78 2.6 2.3 2.6

Wyoming................................................................ 11 10 10 3.8 3.6 3.6

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,383 1,468 1,385 0.9 0.9 0.9

Alabama................................................................. 26 16 21 1.2 0.8 1.0

Alaska................................................................... 4 9 4 1.1 2.9 1.2

Arizona.................................................................. 34 38 25 1.1 1.2 0.8

Arkansas................................................................ 14 12 14 1.0 0.9 1.0

California................................................................ 177 125 123 1.0 0.7 0.7

Colorado................................................................ 26 46 23 0.9 1.6 0.8

Connecticut............................................................. 11 14 12 0.6 0.8 0.7

Delaware................................................................ 7 5 8 1.4 1.0 1.6

District of Columbia.................................................... 7 5 7 0.9 0.6 0.9

Florida................................................................... 111 84 113 1.2 0.9 1.2

Georgia.................................................................. 70 39 73 1.5 0.8 1.5

Hawaii................................................................... 5 5 5 0.7 0.8 0.8

Idaho.................................................................... 7 15 8 0.9 1.8 0.9

Illinois.................................................................... 69 72 58 1.2 1.2 0.9

Indiana.................................................................. 22 41 36 0.7 1.3 1.1

Iowa..................................................................... 12 16 14 0.7 1.0 0.9

Kansas.................................................................. 11 20 15 0.8 1.4 1.0

Kentucky................................................................ 18 17 19 0.9 0.8 0.9

Louisiana................................................................ 27 22 23 1.4 1.1 1.2

Maine.................................................................... 4 5 5 0.7 0.7 0.8

Maryland................................................................ 19 22 25 0.7 0.8 0.9

Massachusetts......................................................... 16 29 21 0.4 0.8 0.6

Michigan................................................................ 30 48 49 0.7 1.1 1.1

Minnesota............................................................... 24 27 21 0.8 0.9 0.7

Mississippi.............................................................. 11 10 18 0.9 0.9 1.6

Missouri................................................................. 28 32 25 1.0 1.1 0.8

Montana................................................................. 5 8 6 1.0 1.6 1.1

Nebraska................................................................ 13 12 12 1.3 1.2 1.1

Nevada.................................................................. 14 17 15 0.9 1.1 1.0

New Hampshire........................................................ 6 6 7 0.9 0.9 1.0

New Jersey............................................................. 35 34 21 0.8 0.8 0.5

New Mexico............................................................ 9 10 7 1.1 1.1 0.8

New York............................................................... 78 75 63 0.8 0.8 0.6

North Carolina.......................................................... 62 42 61 1.3 0.9 1.2

North Dakota........................................................... 7 6 4 1.7 1.5 0.9

Ohio..................................................................... 44 69 54 0.8 1.2 0.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 15 16 15 0.9 1.0 0.9

Oregon.................................................................. 14 22 17 0.7 1.1 0.8

Pennsylvania........................................................... 25 36 39 0.4 0.6 0.6

Rhode Island........................................................... 4 4 5 0.8 0.8 1.0

South Carolina......................................................... 20 19 22 0.9 0.8 1.0

South Dakota........................................................... 4 7 4 0.8 1.6 0.9

Tennessee.............................................................. 30 26 35 0.9 0.8 1.1

Texas.................................................................... 101 121 108 0.8 0.9 0.8

Utah..................................................................... 13 21 18 0.8 1.2 1.0

Vermont................................................................. 3 3 4 1.1 0.9 1.2

Virginia.................................................................. 38 50 41 0.9 1.2 1.0

Washington............................................................. 24 43 22 0.7 1.2 0.6

West Virginia........................................................... 7 8 8 0.9 1.1 1.2

Wisconsin............................................................... 19 35 31 0.6 1.2 1.0

Wyoming................................................................ 3 5 3 1.0 1.7 1.1

p Preliminary
Table 11. Annual average job openings levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 7,104 7,161 6,364 9,967 11,168

Alabama......................................................................... 93 96 96 141 154

Alaska............................................................................ 22 23 18 28 31

Arizona........................................................................... 151 159 148 207 241

Arkansas......................................................................... 57 62 57 85 100

California........................................................................ 756 767 671 1,035 1,252

Colorado......................................................................... 141 147 110 196 223

Connecticut...................................................................... 67 65 59 96 115

Delaware........................................................................ 22 23 21 32 37

District of Columbia............................................................ 27 31 29 43 45

Florida............................................................................ 440 419 379 602 672

Georgia.......................................................................... 231 233 233 381 415

Hawaii............................................................................ 29 31 25 38 39

Idaho............................................................................. 38 40 37 57 66

Illinois............................................................................ 287 276 236 372 441

Indiana........................................................................... 168 157 139 216 220

Iowa.............................................................................. 79 75 65 100 116

Kansas........................................................................... 80 72 62 87 102

Kentucky......................................................................... 90 90 95 147 160

Louisiana........................................................................ 84 92 90 131 152

Maine............................................................................ 33 31 27 43 46

Maryland......................................................................... 135 140 139 201 209

Massachusetts.................................................................. 165 170 144 245 284

Michigan......................................................................... 227 218 193 336 325

Minnesota....................................................................... 162 140 113 179 222

Mississippi....................................................................... 52 53 55 81 88

Missouri.......................................................................... 156 148 119 185 211

Montana......................................................................... 26 27 24 39 46

Nebraska........................................................................ 53 50 45 63 72

Nevada........................................................................... 69 67 65 107 106

New Hampshire................................................................. 32 32 31 51 54

New Jersey...................................................................... 188 183 186 279 268

New Mexico..................................................................... 44 47 39 63 68

New York........................................................................ 391 389 338 547 554

North Carolina.................................................................. 243 282 215 337 375

North Dakota.................................................................... 24 26 19 28 31

Ohio.............................................................................. 278 275 237 353 406

Oklahoma........................................................................ 77 82 82 114 127

Oregon........................................................................... 95 102 93 138 145

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 287 276 250 406 448

Rhode Island.................................................................... 24 24 21 35 38

South Carolina.................................................................. 118 113 110 168 180

South Dakota................................................................... 23 22 19 29 32

Tennessee...................................................................... 150 141 144 223 261

Texas............................................................................ 541 576 484 855 987

Utah.............................................................................. 78 80 70 104 121

Vermont.......................................................................... 17 16 13 22 24

Virginia........................................................................... 198 220 199 278 321

Washington...................................................................... 156 163 134 202 230

West Virginia.................................................................... 38 40 43 54 62

Wisconsin........................................................................ 150 154 131 189 227

Wyoming......................................................................... 16 17 13 21 24

1 The annual average job openings level is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels divided by 12.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Annual average job openings rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 4.6 4.5 4.3 6.4 6.8

Alabama......................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.6 6.4 6.8

Alaska............................................................................ 6.3 6.5 5.7 8.3 8.9

Arizona........................................................................... 5.0 5.1 4.9 6.5 7.2

Arkansas......................................................................... 4.3 4.6 4.3 6.2 7.0

California........................................................................ 4.2 4.2 4.0 5.8 6.6

Colorado......................................................................... 4.9 5.0 4.0 6.7 7.2

Connecticut...................................................................... 3.8 3.7 3.6 5.6 6.5

Delaware........................................................................ 4.6 4.6 4.6 6.5 7.3

District of Columbia............................................................ 3.3 3.8 3.8 5.5 5.5

Florida............................................................................ 4.8 4.5 4.3 6.3 6.7

Georgia.......................................................................... 4.8 4.8 5.0 7.6 8.0

Hawaii............................................................................ 4.2 4.5 4.3 6.1 6.0

Idaho............................................................................. 4.9 5.0 4.7 6.7 7.3

Illinois............................................................................ 4.5 4.3 4.0 6.0 6.8

Indiana........................................................................... 5.1 4.7 4.4 6.5 6.4

Iowa.............................................................................. 4.7 4.5 4.2 6.1 6.9

Kansas........................................................................... 5.3 4.8 4.4 5.9 6.7

Kentucky......................................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.9 7.2 7.5

Louisiana........................................................................ 4.1 4.4 4.6 6.5 7.3

Maine............................................................................ 5.0 4.7 4.2 6.5 6.8

Maryland......................................................................... 4.7 4.8 5.1 7.0 7.1

Massachusetts.................................................................. 4.3 4.4 4.0 6.5 7.2

Michigan......................................................................... 4.9 4.7 4.6 7.4 6.9

Minnesota....................................................................... 5.2 4.5 3.9 5.9 7.0

Mississippi....................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.7 6.6 7.0

Missouri.......................................................................... 5.1 4.8 4.1 6.1 6.7

Montana......................................................................... 5.2 5.3 4.9 7.3 8.2

Nebraska........................................................................ 4.9 4.6 4.4 5.9 6.6

Nevada........................................................................... 4.8 4.5 4.8 7.2 6.7

New Hampshire................................................................. 4.6 4.5 4.6 7.1 7.3

New Jersey...................................................................... 4.3 4.2 4.6 6.5 5.9

New Mexico..................................................................... 5.0 5.2 4.7 7.2 7.4

New York........................................................................ 3.9 3.8 3.7 5.7 5.5

North Carolina.................................................................. 5.1 5.8 4.7 6.8 7.3

North Dakota.................................................................... 5.1 5.6 4.4 6.3 6.7

Ohio.............................................................................. 4.8 4.7 4.3 6.1 6.8

Oklahoma........................................................................ 4.4 4.6 4.8 6.5 6.9

Oregon........................................................................... 4.7 5.0 4.8 6.8 6.9

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 4.6 4.3 4.3 6.6 7.0

Rhode Island.................................................................... 4.6 4.6 4.3 6.8 7.2

South Carolina.................................................................. 5.2 4.9 5.0 7.2 7.4

South Dakota................................................................... 5.1 4.8 4.3 6.3 6.5

Tennessee...................................................................... 4.7 4.3 4.6 6.7 7.4

Texas............................................................................ 4.1 4.3 3.8 6.3 6.8

Utah.............................................................................. 4.9 4.9 4.4 6.1 6.7

Vermont.......................................................................... 5.0 4.8 4.4 7.0 7.2

Virginia........................................................................... 4.7 5.2 4.9 6.6 7.3

Washington...................................................................... 4.4 4.5 3.9 5.7 6.1

West Virginia.................................................................... 5.0 5.3 6.1 7.4 8.1

Wisconsin........................................................................ 4.8 4.9 4.4 6.1 7.1

Wyoming......................................................................... 5.2 5.6 4.7 7.1 7.6

1 The annual average job openings rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES

employment levels and the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual hires levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 68,620 70,028 72,588 76,006 77,201

Alabama......................................................................... 982 955 1,006 1,162 1,236

Alaska............................................................................ 227 235 213 230 250

Arizona........................................................................... 1,552 1,500 1,510 1,581 1,841

Arkansas......................................................................... 655 677 668 750 774

California........................................................................ 6,891 7,019 7,958 7,947 7,715

Colorado......................................................................... 1,381 1,383 1,468 1,545 1,564

Connecticut...................................................................... 609 684 769 722 737

Delaware........................................................................ 251 256 249 268 301

District of Columbia............................................................ 277 288 240 277 282

Florida............................................................................ 3,597 4,246 4,271 4,834 4,919

Georgia.......................................................................... 2,365 2,248 2,388 2,912 3,171

Hawaii............................................................................ 265 284 299 299 286

Idaho............................................................................. 397 430 494 485 525

Illinois............................................................................ 2,878 2,554 2,791 3,160 3,054

Indiana........................................................................... 1,725 1,722 1,670 1,720 1,698

Iowa.............................................................................. 674 682 716 759 750

Kansas........................................................................... 642 651 588 685 681

Kentucky......................................................................... 1,016 987 1,126 1,208 1,174

Louisiana........................................................................ 1,018 1,069 981 1,131 1,144

Maine............................................................................ 314 303 305 312 318

Maryland......................................................................... 1,150 1,265 1,176 1,135 1,375

Massachusetts.................................................................. 1,370 1,494 1,500 1,551 1,558

Michigan......................................................................... 2,035 2,014 2,415 2,474 2,112

Minnesota....................................................................... 1,196 1,179 1,167 1,216 1,317

Mississippi....................................................................... 573 577 635 666 690

Missouri.......................................................................... 1,293 1,337 1,430 1,399 1,350

Montana......................................................................... 276 285 312 333 359

Nebraska........................................................................ 481 472 474 493 477

Nevada........................................................................... 695 704 947 953 895

New Hampshire................................................................. 316 318 320 350 359

New Jersey...................................................................... 1,599 1,645 2,190 1,936 1,920

New Mexico..................................................................... 375 440 399 478 455

New York........................................................................ 3,460 3,570 3,646 3,672 3,720

North Carolina.................................................................. 2,506 2,813 2,662 2,817 2,796

North Dakota.................................................................... 218 240 227 236 228

Ohio.............................................................................. 2,524 2,527 2,790 2,638 2,692

Oklahoma........................................................................ 943 880 870 936 1,045

Oregon........................................................................... 957 1,006 1,003 1,032 1,064

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 2,445 2,460 2,502 2,533 2,374

Rhode Island.................................................................... 227 237 265 268 263

South Carolina.................................................................. 1,188 1,204 1,241 1,244 1,330

South Dakota................................................................... 218 207 206 229 235

Tennessee...................................................................... 1,822 1,663 1,748 1,771 1,965

Texas............................................................................ 6,881 6,854 6,418 7,206 7,443

Utah.............................................................................. 942 854 839 853 932

Vermont.......................................................................... 160 160 155 156 157

Virginia........................................................................... 1,699 1,931 1,923 1,974 2,058

Washington...................................................................... 1,469 1,638 1,554 1,576 1,650

West Virginia.................................................................... 404 380 386 392 425

Wisconsin........................................................................ 1,317 1,325 1,317 1,331 1,342

Wyoming......................................................................... 172 181 163 179 187

1 The annual hires level is the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual average hires rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.2

Alabama......................................................................... 4.0 3.8 4.2 4.7 4.9

Alaska............................................................................ 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.5

Arizona........................................................................... 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.4 5.0

Arkansas......................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.9 4.8

California........................................................................ 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.0 3.6

Colorado......................................................................... 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.7 4.5

Connecticut...................................................................... 3.0 3.4 4.1 3.7 3.7

Delaware........................................................................ 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.3

District of Columbia............................................................ 2.9 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.1

Florida............................................................................ 3.4 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.4

Georgia.......................................................................... 4.3 4.0 4.5 5.3 5.5

Hawaii............................................................................ 3.4 3.6 4.4 4.2 3.9

Idaho............................................................................. 4.5 4.7 5.5 5.1 5.3

Illinois............................................................................ 3.9 3.5 4.1 4.5 4.2

Indiana........................................................................... 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4

Iowa.............................................................................. 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.0

Kansas........................................................................... 3.8 3.8 3.6 4.1 4.0

Kentucky......................................................................... 4.4 4.2 5.1 5.3 5.0

Louisiana........................................................................ 4.3 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.0

Maine............................................................................ 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.1

Maryland......................................................................... 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 4.2

Massachusetts.................................................................. 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.5

Michigan......................................................................... 3.8 3.8 5.0 4.9 4.0

Minnesota....................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7

Mississippi....................................................................... 4.1 4.2 4.8 4.9 4.9

Missouri.......................................................................... 3.7 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.8

Montana......................................................................... 4.8 4.9 5.5 5.6 5.9

Nebraska........................................................................ 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.9

Nevada........................................................................... 4.2 4.1 6.2 5.8 5.0

New Hampshire................................................................. 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.4

New Jersey...................................................................... 3.2 3.3 4.7 4.0 3.8

New Mexico..................................................................... 3.7 4.3 4.2 4.9 4.5

New York........................................................................ 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.3

North Carolina.................................................................. 4.6 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.9

North Dakota.................................................................... 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.4

Ohio.............................................................................. 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.1

Oklahoma........................................................................ 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.1

Oregon........................................................................... 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.5

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.3

Rhode Island.................................................................... 3.8 3.9 4.8 4.7 4.4

South Carolina.................................................................. 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.9

South Dakota................................................................... 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.3

Tennessee...................................................................... 4.9 4.4 4.8 4.8 5.0

Texas............................................................................ 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.6

Utah.............................................................................. 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.6

Vermont.......................................................................... 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3

Virginia........................................................................... 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2

Washington...................................................................... 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9

West Virginia.................................................................... 4.7 4.4 4.8 4.8 5.1

Wisconsin........................................................................ 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8

Wyoming......................................................................... 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.5

1 The annual average hires rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual total separations levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 66,174 68,001 80,842 69,032 72,273

Alabama......................................................................... 927 947 1,019 1,106 1,136

Alaska............................................................................ 233 250 225 226 253

Arizona........................................................................... 1,448 1,421 1,535 1,470 1,712

Arkansas......................................................................... 631 645 693 689 704

California........................................................................ 6,728 7,411 8,936 7,132 7,635

Colorado......................................................................... 1,399 1,375 1,763 1,490 1,502

Connecticut...................................................................... 564 622 855 617 654

Delaware........................................................................ 237 248 268 253 280

District of Columbia............................................................ 259 269 307 245 296

Florida............................................................................ 3,732 4,052 4,888 4,409 4,921

Georgia.......................................................................... 2,193 2,219 2,692 2,869 3,100

Hawaii............................................................................ 260 296 368 258 253

Idaho............................................................................. 372 411 454 450 490

Illinois............................................................................ 2,605 2,354 3,345 2,782 2,718

Indiana........................................................................... 1,667 1,708 1,856 1,615 1,601

Iowa.............................................................................. 662 672 780 710 717

Kansas........................................................................... 647 629 688 621 634

Kentucky......................................................................... 961 929 1,178 1,123 1,063

Louisiana........................................................................ 985 1,085 1,136 1,040 1,072

Maine............................................................................ 296 280 325 294 289

Maryland......................................................................... 1,178 1,242 1,294 1,040 1,328

Massachusetts.................................................................. 1,243 1,305 1,745 1,376 1,326

Michigan......................................................................... 1,938 1,991 2,705 2,161 1,868

Minnesota....................................................................... 1,159 1,109 1,408 1,107 1,242

Mississippi....................................................................... 580 589 678 677 685

Missouri.......................................................................... 1,231 1,304 1,626 1,352 1,341

Montana......................................................................... 267 303 306 311 342

Nebraska........................................................................ 471 450 521 462 444

Nevada........................................................................... 680 698 1,200 770 793

New Hampshire................................................................. 303 290 345 325 349

New Jersey...................................................................... 1,560 1,729 2,456 1,669 1,843

New Mexico..................................................................... 372 432 468 404 421

New York........................................................................ 3,328 3,420 4,303 3,184 3,339

North Carolina.................................................................. 2,441 2,647 2,678 2,616 2,525

North Dakota.................................................................... 209 232 283 210 216

Ohio.............................................................................. 2,570 2,497 3,054 2,422 2,533

Oklahoma........................................................................ 895 894 942 871 891

Oregon........................................................................... 937 1,044 1,170 943 959

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 2,422 2,374 3,011 2,268 2,277

Rhode Island.................................................................... 214 224 284 226 239

South Carolina.................................................................. 1,090 1,206 1,240 1,153 1,219

South Dakota................................................................... 213 202 230 204 209

Tennessee...................................................................... 1,642 1,443 1,818 1,730 1,876

Texas............................................................................ 6,600 6,397 7,029 6,380 6,699

Utah.............................................................................. 923 869 814 793 848

Vermont.......................................................................... 150 150 177 148 147

Virginia........................................................................... 1,560 1,814 1,943 1,739 1,877

Washington...................................................................... 1,410 1,504 1,723 1,296 1,514

West Virginia.................................................................... 377 386 419 377 403

Wisconsin........................................................................ 1,241 1,250 1,472 1,236 1,295

Wyoming......................................................................... 165 189 181 175 187

1 The annual total separations level is the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual average total separations rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 3.7 3.8 4.7 3.9 3.9

Alabama......................................................................... 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.5

Alaska............................................................................ 5.9 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.6

Arizona........................................................................... 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.1 4.6

Arkansas......................................................................... 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.4

California........................................................................ 3.3 3.5 4.6 3.5 3.6

Colorado......................................................................... 4.3 4.1 5.5 4.5 4.4

Connecticut...................................................................... 2.8 3.1 4.5 3.2 3.3

Delaware........................................................................ 4.3 4.4 5.1 4.6 4.9

District of Columbia............................................................ 2.7 2.8 3.4 2.8 3.2

Florida............................................................................ 3.5 3.8 4.8 4.1 4.4

Georgia.......................................................................... 4.0 4.0 5.1 5.2 5.4

Hawaii............................................................................ 3.3 3.7 5.5 3.7 3.4

Idaho............................................................................. 4.2 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.9

Illinois............................................................................ 3.6 3.2 4.9 4.0 3.8

Indiana........................................................................... 4.4 4.5 5.2 4.4 4.2

Iowa.............................................................................. 3.5 3.5 4.3 3.8 3.8

Kansas........................................................................... 3.8 3.7 4.2 3.8 3.7

Kentucky......................................................................... 4.1 4.0 5.3 4.9 4.5

Louisiana........................................................................ 4.1 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.7

Maine............................................................................ 3.9 3.7 4.5 3.9 3.8

Maryland......................................................................... 3.6 3.7 4.2 3.3 4.1

Massachusetts.................................................................. 2.8 2.9 4.3 3.2 3.0

Michigan......................................................................... 3.6 3.7 5.6 4.3 3.6

Minnesota....................................................................... 3.3 3.1 4.2 3.2 3.5

Mississippi....................................................................... 4.2 4.2 5.1 5.0 4.9

Missouri.......................................................................... 3.5 3.7 4.9 4.0 3.8

Montana......................................................................... 4.6 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.6

Nebraska........................................................................ 3.8 3.7 4.4 3.8 3.6

Nevada........................................................................... 4.1 4.1 7.8 4.7 4.4

New Hampshire................................................................. 3.7 3.5 4.5 4.1 4.2

New Jersey...................................................................... 3.1 3.4 5.3 3.4 3.6

New Mexico..................................................................... 3.7 4.2 4.9 4.1 4.1

New York........................................................................ 2.9 2.9 4.1 2.9 2.9

North Carolina.................................................................. 4.5 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.4

North Dakota.................................................................... 4.0 4.4 5.7 4.2 4.2

Ohio.............................................................................. 3.9 3.7 4.8 3.7 3.8

Oklahoma........................................................................ 4.4 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.4

Oregon........................................................................... 4.1 4.5 5.3 4.2 4.1

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 3.4 3.3 4.5 3.3 3.2

Rhode Island.................................................................... 3.6 3.7 5.1 3.9 4.0

South Carolina.................................................................. 4.2 4.6 5.0 4.5 4.5

South Dakota................................................................... 4.1 3.8 4.5 3.9 3.8

Tennessee...................................................................... 4.5 3.9 5.0 4.6 4.8

Texas............................................................................ 4.4 4.2 4.8 4.2 4.1

Utah.............................................................................. 5.1 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.2

Vermont.......................................................................... 4.0 4.0 5.1 4.2 4.0

Virginia........................................................................... 3.2 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.8

Washington...................................................................... 3.5 3.6 4.4 3.2 3.6

West Virginia.................................................................... 4.4 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.8

Wisconsin........................................................................ 3.5 3.5 4.3 3.6 3.6

Wyoming......................................................................... 4.8 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.5

1 The annual average total separations rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly

CES employment levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual quits levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 40,308 42,125 35,904 47,680 50,596

Alabama......................................................................... 576 604 570 768 822

Alaska............................................................................ 146 154 101 159 168

Arizona........................................................................... 964 974 786 1,113 1,297

Arkansas......................................................................... 398 421 377 493 504

California........................................................................ 4,080 4,366 3,459 4,755 5,240

Colorado......................................................................... 887 893 722 1,022 1,018

Connecticut...................................................................... 308 336 300 400 434

Delaware........................................................................ 145 154 136 178 202

District of Columbia............................................................ 151 163 149 153 200

Florida............................................................................ 2,295 2,626 2,467 3,206 3,605

Georgia.......................................................................... 1,414 1,449 1,420 2,027 2,213

Hawaii............................................................................ 169 195 158 181 179

Idaho............................................................................. 237 273 218 331 345

Illinois............................................................................ 1,577 1,520 1,477 1,855 1,765

Indiana........................................................................... 1,024 1,040 849 1,161 1,156

Iowa.............................................................................. 399 415 363 495 508

Kansas........................................................................... 418 411 323 443 449

Kentucky......................................................................... 615 588 595 784 778

Louisiana........................................................................ 633 702 569 745 761

Maine............................................................................ 153 153 129 195 191

Maryland......................................................................... 648 768 593 692 887

Massachusetts.................................................................. 665 747 592 886 903

Michigan......................................................................... 1,213 1,285 1,142 1,495 1,341

Minnesota....................................................................... 683 709 555 781 876

Mississippi....................................................................... 364 376 357 486 482

Missouri.......................................................................... 777 814 816 988 930

Montana......................................................................... 174 179 141 223 240

Nebraska........................................................................ 296 292 261 321 306

Nevada........................................................................... 444 458 413 509 553

New Hampshire................................................................. 162 161 126 206 211

New Jersey...................................................................... 840 978 913 1,076 1,159

New Mexico..................................................................... 248 289 210 284 290

New York........................................................................ 1,707 1,783 1,503 1,938 2,127

North Carolina.................................................................. 1,503 1,635 1,259 1,776 1,762

North Dakota.................................................................... 126 146 122 140 143

Ohio.............................................................................. 1,614 1,616 1,364 1,657 1,682

Oklahoma........................................................................ 586 601 470 616 648

Oregon........................................................................... 606 657 471 669 675

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 1,353 1,337 1,086 1,449 1,551

Rhode Island.................................................................... 115 122 94 145 155

South Carolina.................................................................. 719 751 666 813 899

South Dakota................................................................... 125 128 104 146 149

Tennessee...................................................................... 1,099 943 929 1,202 1,341

Texas............................................................................ 4,046 4,095 3,531 4,615 5,065

Utah.............................................................................. 605 559 395 589 621

Vermont.......................................................................... 82 81 59 92 98

Virginia........................................................................... 1,031 1,119 935 1,224 1,306

Washington...................................................................... 815 883 710 908 1,028

West Virginia.................................................................... 242 245 211 265 293

Wisconsin........................................................................ 729 804 640 895 905

Wyoming......................................................................... 106 118 79 123 131

1 The annual quits level is the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual average quits rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.7 2.8

Alabama......................................................................... 2.3 2.4 2.4 3.1 3.2

Alaska............................................................................ 3.7 3.9 2.8 4.3 4.4

Arizona........................................................................... 2.8 2.8 2.3 3.1 3.5

Arkansas......................................................................... 2.6 2.7 2.5 3.2 3.2

California........................................................................ 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.4 2.5

Colorado......................................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.3 3.1 3.0

Connecticut...................................................................... 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.2

Delaware........................................................................ 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.6

District of Columbia............................................................ 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2

Florida............................................................................ 2.2 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.2

Georgia.......................................................................... 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.7 3.8

Hawaii............................................................................ 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.4

Idaho............................................................................. 2.7 3.0 2.4 3.5 3.5

Illinois............................................................................ 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.4

Indiana........................................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.4 3.1 3.0

Iowa.............................................................................. 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.7 2.7

Kansas........................................................................... 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.6

Kentucky......................................................................... 2.7 2.5 2.7 3.4 3.3

Louisiana........................................................................ 2.6 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.3

Maine............................................................................ 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.6 2.5

Maryland......................................................................... 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.7

Massachusetts.................................................................. 1.5 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.0

Michigan......................................................................... 2.3 2.4 2.4 3.0 2.6

Minnesota....................................................................... 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.3 2.5

Mississippi....................................................................... 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.6 3.4

Missouri.......................................................................... 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.9 2.6

Montana......................................................................... 3.0 3.1 2.5 3.8 3.9

Nebraska........................................................................ 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.5

Nevada........................................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1

New Hampshire................................................................. 2.0 2.0 1.6 2.6 2.6

New Jersey...................................................................... 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3

New Mexico..................................................................... 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.9

New York........................................................................ 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.9

North Carolina.................................................................. 2.8 3.0 2.4 3.2 3.1

North Dakota.................................................................... 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.8

Ohio.............................................................................. 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.5

Oklahoma........................................................................ 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.1 3.2

Oregon........................................................................... 2.6 2.8 2.1 3.0 2.9

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.2

Rhode Island.................................................................... 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.5 2.6

South Carolina.................................................................. 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.3

South Dakota................................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.8 2.7

Tennessee...................................................................... 3.0 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.4

Texas............................................................................ 2.7 2.7 2.4 3.0 3.1

Utah.............................................................................. 3.3 3.0 2.1 3.0 3.1

Vermont.......................................................................... 2.2 2.1 1.7 2.6 2.7

Virginia........................................................................... 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.6 2.7

Washington...................................................................... 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.4

West Virginia.................................................................... 2.8 2.9 2.6 3.2 3.5

Wisconsin........................................................................ 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.6 2.5

Wyoming......................................................................... 3.1 3.4 2.4 3.7 3.8

1 The annual average quits rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 21,807 21,875 40,830 17,103 17,564

Alabama......................................................................... 289 271 389 266 254

Alaska............................................................................ 70 83 107 51 70

Arizona........................................................................... 420 377 680 299 338

Arkansas......................................................................... 199 190 268 160 164

California........................................................................ 2,131 2,533 4,926 1,815 1,871

Colorado......................................................................... 433 410 916 407 382

Connecticut...................................................................... 210 245 510 174 176

Delaware........................................................................ 79 80 118 62 65

District of Columbia............................................................ 89 83 141 66 69

Florida............................................................................ 1,213 1,215 2,235 970 1,029

Georgia.......................................................................... 650 634 1,130 670 715

Hawaii............................................................................ 76 85 193 60 58

Idaho............................................................................. 114 119 221 98 120

Illinois............................................................................ 911 712 1,713 792 807

Indiana........................................................................... 572 593 924 359 360

Iowa.............................................................................. 218 223 373 171 169

Kansas........................................................................... 193 182 326 141 150

Kentucky......................................................................... 294 279 524 280 231

Louisiana........................................................................ 300 325 506 235 250

Maine............................................................................ 122 108 180 80 77

Maryland......................................................................... 452 385 636 277 356

Massachusetts.................................................................. 475 473 1,079 397 346

Michigan......................................................................... 610 589 1,440 527 434

Minnesota....................................................................... 405 324 782 240 305

Mississippi....................................................................... 181 181 285 156 163

Missouri.......................................................................... 370 418 743 278 344

Montana......................................................................... 78 108 151 75 85

Nebraska........................................................................ 146 131 229 109 113

Nevada........................................................................... 205 211 734 226 205

New Hampshire................................................................. 119 110 205 96 111

New Jersey...................................................................... 592 606 1,436 495 568

New Mexico..................................................................... 97 119 235 92 101

New York........................................................................ 1,365 1,403 2,561 983 977

North Carolina.................................................................. 796 868 1,267 685 618

North Dakota.................................................................... 72 73 148 60 60

Ohio.............................................................................. 793 748 1,553 639 704

Oklahoma........................................................................ 260 239 416 203 194

Oregon........................................................................... 284 336 638 227 218

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 901 885 1,794 679 591

Rhode Island.................................................................... 85 89 174 66 69

South Carolina.................................................................. 318 390 494 275 249

South Dakota................................................................... 74 62 112 45 52

Tennessee...................................................................... 469 425 813 437 451

Texas............................................................................ 2,205 1,999 3,166 1,366 1,340

Utah.............................................................................. 278 266 382 162 183

Vermont.......................................................................... 57 54 112 42 38

Virginia........................................................................... 445 580 912 402 461

Washington...................................................................... 493 516 929 308 400

West Virginia.................................................................... 113 118 184 90 87

Wisconsin........................................................................ 428 372 744 272 323

Wyoming......................................................................... 50 60 91 43 47

1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual average layoffs and discharges rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

State 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

TOTAL U.S...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 2.4 1.0 1.0

Alabama......................................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.0

Alaska............................................................................ 1.8 2.1 2.9 1.4 1.8

Arizona........................................................................... 1.2 1.1 2.0 0.8 0.9

Arkansas......................................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.0 1.0

California........................................................................ 1.0 1.2 2.5 0.9 0.9

Colorado......................................................................... 1.3 1.2 2.9 1.2 1.1

Connecticut...................................................................... 1.0 1.2 2.7 0.9 0.9

Delaware........................................................................ 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.1 1.1

District of Columbia............................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.8

Florida............................................................................ 1.2 1.1 2.2 0.9 0.9

Georgia.......................................................................... 1.2 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.2

Hawaii............................................................................ 1.0 1.1 2.9 0.9 0.8

Idaho............................................................................. 1.3 1.3 2.4 1.0 1.2

Illinois............................................................................ 1.2 1.0 2.5 1.1 1.1

Indiana........................................................................... 1.5 1.6 2.6 1.0 0.9

Iowa.............................................................................. 1.1 1.2 2.1 0.9 0.9

Kansas........................................................................... 1.1 1.1 2.0 0.9 0.9

Kentucky......................................................................... 1.3 1.2 2.4 1.2 1.0

Louisiana........................................................................ 1.3 1.4 2.3 1.0 1.1

Maine............................................................................ 1.6 1.4 2.5 1.1 1.0

Maryland......................................................................... 1.4 1.2 2.1 0.9 1.1

Massachusetts.................................................................. 1.1 1.1 2.6 0.9 0.8

Michigan......................................................................... 1.1 1.1 3.0 1.0 0.8

Minnesota....................................................................... 1.1 0.9 2.3 0.7 0.9

Mississippi....................................................................... 1.3 1.3 2.1 1.1 1.2

Missouri.......................................................................... 1.1 1.2 2.2 0.8 1.0

Montana......................................................................... 1.4 1.9 2.7 1.3 1.4

Nebraska........................................................................ 1.2 1.1 1.9 0.9 0.9

Nevada........................................................................... 1.2 1.2 4.8 1.4 1.1

New Hampshire................................................................. 1.5 1.3 2.7 1.2 1.3

New Jersey...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 3.1 1.0 1.1

New Mexico..................................................................... 1.0 1.2 2.4 0.9 1.0

New York........................................................................ 1.2 1.2 2.4 0.9 0.9

North Carolina.................................................................. 1.5 1.6 2.4 1.2 1.1

North Dakota.................................................................... 1.4 1.4 3.0 1.2 1.2

Ohio.............................................................................. 1.2 1.1 2.5 1.0 1.1

Oklahoma........................................................................ 1.3 1.2 2.1 1.0 1.0

Oregon........................................................................... 1.2 1.4 2.9 1.0 0.9

Pennsylvania.................................................................... 1.2 1.2 2.7 1.0 0.8

Rhode Island.................................................................... 1.4 1.5 3.1 1.1 1.2

South Carolina.................................................................. 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.1 0.9

South Dakota................................................................... 1.4 1.2 2.2 0.9 1.0

Tennessee...................................................................... 1.3 1.1 2.3 1.2 1.2

Texas............................................................................ 1.5 1.3 2.1 0.9 0.8

Utah.............................................................................. 1.5 1.4 2.1 0.8 0.9

Vermont.......................................................................... 1.5 1.4 3.3 1.2 1.0

Virginia........................................................................... 0.9 1.2 2.0 0.8 0.9

Washington...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 2.4 0.8 0.9

West Virginia.................................................................... 1.3 1.4 2.3 1.1 1.0

Wisconsin........................................................................ 1.2 1.0 2.2 0.8 0.9

Wyoming......................................................................... 1.5 1.7 2.8 1.3 1.4

1 The annual average layoffs and discharges rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels as a percent of the sum of the

12 monthly CES employment levels.

NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.