Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-18-1739 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 2, 2018

Technical information:

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2018 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 250,000 in October, and the unemployment rate was 

unchanged at 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

health care, in manufacturing, in construction, and in transportation and warehousing. 

Hurricane Michael

Hurricane Michael made landfall in the Florida Panhandle on October 10, 2018, during the reference 

periods for both the establishment and household surveys. Hurricane Michael had no discernible effect 

on the national employment and unemployment estimates for October, and response rates for the two 

surveys were within normal ranges. For information on how severe weather can affect employment and 

hours data, see Question 8 in the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release.

BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment on November 16, 2018, at 10:00 

a.m. (EST).

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, October 2016 – October 2018

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2016 – October 2018

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18
-2- 

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate remained at 3.7 percent in October, and the number of unemployed persons

was little changed at 6.1 million. Over the year, the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed 

persons declined by 0.4 percentage point and 449,000, respectively. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent), adult women 

(3.4 percent), teenagers (11.9 percent), Whites (3.3 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians (3.2 percent), 

and Hispanics (4.4 percent) showed little or no change in October. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 1.4 million in October and accounted for 22.5 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate increased by 0.2 percentage point to 62.9 percent in October but has 

shown little change over the year. The employment-population ratio edged up by 0.2 percentage point 

to 60.6 percent in October and has increased by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 4.6 million in October. These individuals, 

who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In October, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year 

earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 506,000 discouraged workers in October, about unchanged 

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 984,000 persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 250,000 in October, following an average monthly 

gain of 211,000 over the prior 12 months. In October, job growth occurred in health care, in 

manufacturing, in construction, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1.) 

Health care added 36,000 jobs in October. Within the industry, employment growth occurred in 

hospitals (+13,000) and in nursing and residential care facilities (+8,000). Employment in ambulatory 

health care services continued to trend up (+14,000). Over the past 12 months, health care employment 

grew by 323,000. 

In October, employment in manufacturing increased by 32,000. Most of the increase occurred in 

durable goods manufacturing, with a gain in transportation equipment (+10,000). Manufacturing has 

added 296,000 jobs over the year, largely in durable goods industries. 
-3- 

Construction employment rose by 30,000 in October, with nearly half of the gain occurring among 

residential specialty trade contractors (+14,000). Over the year, construction has added 330,000 jobs. 

Transportation and warehousing added 25,000 jobs in October. Within the industry, employment 

growth occurred in couriers and messengers (+8,000) and in warehousing and storage (+8,000). Over the 

year, employment in transportation and warehousing has increased by 184,000. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality edged up in October (+42,000). Employment was unchanged in 

September, likely reflecting the impact of Hurricane Florence. The average gain for the 2 months 

combined (+21,000) was the same as the average monthly gain in the industry for the 12-month period 

prior to September. 

In October, employment in professional and business services continued to trend up (+35,000). Over 

the year, the industry has added 516,000 jobs. 

Employment in mining also continued to trend up over the month (+5,000). The industry has added 

65,000 jobs over the year, with most of the gain in support activities for mining. 

Employment in other major industries—including wholesale trade, retail trade, information, 

financial activities, and government—showed little change over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.5 

hours in October. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and overtime 

was unchanged at 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls, at 33.7 hours, was unchanged over the month. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents to 

$27.30. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 83 cents, or 3.1 percent. Average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to 

$22.89 in October. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised down from +134,000 to 

+118,000, and the change for August was revised up from +270,000 to +286,000. The downward 

revision in September offset the upward revision in August. (Monthly revisions result from additional 

reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from 

the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 218,000 over the past 3 

months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 7, 

2018, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Change from:

Sept. 2018-

Oct. 2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 255,766 258,066 258,290 258,514 224

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,371 161,776 161,926 162,637 711

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.9 0.2

Employed................................................................... 153,846 155,542 155,962 156,562 600

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.6 0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 6,524 6,234 5,964 6,075 111

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.7 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,395 96,290 96,364 95,877 -487

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.7 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.4 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.7 12.8 12.8 11.9 -0.9

White.......................................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 7.3 6.3 6.0 6.2 0.2

Asian.......................................................................... 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 6.1 5.7 5.5 6.0 0.5

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.3 3.9 3.7 4.0 0.3

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,214 2,875 2,796 2,850 54

Job leavers...................................................................... 731 862 730 726 -4

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,001 1,846 1,877 1,906 29

New entrants.................................................................... 626 584 586 606 20

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,128 2,208 2,065 2,057 -8

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,943 1,720 1,720 1,821 101

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 856 923 861 856 -5

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,645 1,332 1,384 1,373 -11

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,880 4,379 4,642 4,621 -21

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,960 2,551 2,782 2,816 34

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,615 1,365 1,447 1,436 -11

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,897 21,781 21,464 21,512 48

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,535 1,443 1,577 1,491 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 524 434 383 506 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 286 118 250

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 267 121 246

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 49 42 67

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 4 5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 31 20 30

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 11 18 32

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11 14 21

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.6 2.7 1.0 6.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0 4 11

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 218 79 179

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 20.6 3.3 9.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 9.1 -32.4 2.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 23.1 20.8 24.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.9 0.1 1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -4 -4 7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 15 7

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 54 46 35

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 10.8 7.6 3.3

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 67 26 44

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 52.5 34.9 46.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 30 0 42

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8 4 7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 19 -3 4

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 220 190 218

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 199 175 211

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.3 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.47 $27.17 $27.25 $27.30

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $910.57 $937.37 $937.40 $941.85

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 110.0 109.7 110.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.3 -0.3 0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.5 142.8 143.0 143.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 64.5 60.7 65.7

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 56.6 65.1 62.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255,766 258,290 258,514 255,766 257,642 257,843 258,066 258,290 258,514

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,465 161,958 162,723 160,371 162,140 162,245 161,776 161,926 162,637

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.7 62.9 62.7 62.9 62.9 62.7 62.7 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,223 156,191 156,952 153,846 155,576 155,965 155,542 155,962 156,562

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 60.5 60.7 60.2 60.4 60.5 60.3 60.4 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,242 5,766 5,771 6,524 6,564 6,280 6,234 5,964 6,075

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,301 96,332 95,792 95,395 95,502 95,598 96,290 96,364 95,877

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,938 5,070 5,048 5,232 5,258 5,163 5,389 5,237 5,309

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,617 124,928 125,041 123,617 124,604 124,704 124,816 124,928 125,041

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,236 85,815 86,081 85,247 86,056 85,950 85,854 85,856 86,146

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 68.7 68.8 69.0 69.1 68.9 68.8 68.7 68.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,875 82,814 83,052 81,667 82,522 82,684 82,545 82,645 82,903

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 66.3 66.4 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.1 66.2 66.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,362 3,002 3,029 3,580 3,534 3,266 3,309 3,211 3,243

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.5 3.5 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,380 39,113 38,960 38,370 38,548 38,754 38,962 39,072 38,895

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,120 116,437 116,546 115,120 116,115 116,220 116,328 116,437 116,546

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,455 83,115 83,332 82,366 83,115 83,058 83,030 83,063 83,286

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.4 71.5 71.5 71.6 71.5 71.4 71.3 71.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,530 80,458 80,637 79,248 80,013 80,240 80,134 80,225 80,405

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 69.1 69.2 68.8 68.9 69.0 68.9 68.9 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,925 2,658 2,694 3,118 3,102 2,818 2,895 2,837 2,881

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,665 33,322 33,215 32,755 33,001 33,162 33,298 33,374 33,260

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,149 133,362 133,474 132,149 133,038 133,139 133,250 133,362 133,474

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,228 76,142 76,642 75,124 76,084 76,295 75,922 76,070 76,491

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 57.1 57.4 56.8 57.2 57.3 57.0 57.0 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,348 73,378 73,900 72,179 73,054 73,281 72,997 73,317 73,659

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 55.0 55.4 54.6 54.9 55.0 54.8 55.0 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,880 2,765 2,742 2,945 3,030 3,013 2,925 2,753 2,832

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,921 57,220 56,832 57,026 56,954 56,844 57,328 57,292 56,983

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,882 125,091 125,200 123,882 124,771 124,875 124,983 125,091 125,200

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,443 73,280 73,683 72,187 73,139 73,285 73,154 73,039 73,391

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.6 58.9 58.3 58.6 58.7 58.5 58.4 58.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,872 70,858 71,270 69,576 70,419 70,598 70,529 70,656 70,909

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 56.6 56.9 56.2 56.4 56.5 56.4 56.5 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,571 2,422 2,412 2,611 2,720 2,687 2,625 2,383 2,482

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,440 51,811 51,517 51,696 51,633 51,590 51,829 52,052 51,809

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,763 16,762 16,768 16,763 16,755 16,748 16,755 16,762 16,768

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,567 5,562 5,708 5,818 5,886 5,902 5,592 5,824 5,960

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 33.2 34.0 34.7 35.1 35.2 33.4 34.7 35.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,821 4,876 5,045 5,022 5,144 5,127 4,879 5,081 5,248

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 29.1 30.1 30.0 30.7 30.6 29.1 30.3 31.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 686 664 796 743 775 714 743 712

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 12.3 11.6 13.7 12.6 13.1 12.8 12.8 11.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,196 11,199 11,060 10,945 10,869 10,846 11,163 10,938 10,808

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,298 200,476 200,596 199,298 200,132 200,236 200,356 200,476 200,596

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,777 125,413 126,018 124,757 125,784 125,720 125,306 125,483 126,027

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.6 62.8 62.6 62.9 62.8 62.5 62.6 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,692 121,500 122,170 120,400 121,347 121,506 121,027 121,398 121,904

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 60.6 60.9 60.4 60.6 60.7 60.4 60.6 60.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,085 3,913 3,848 4,356 4,437 4,214 4,279 4,085 4,123

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,520 75,063 74,578 74,541 74,348 74,517 75,049 74,993 74,569

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,318 65,625 65,737 65,244 65,855 65,614 65,505 65,611 65,724

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 71.5 71.6 71.6 71.9 71.6 71.4 71.5 71.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,380 63,796 63,933 63,155 63,695 63,690 63,486 63,629 63,760

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 69.5 69.6 69.3 69.5 69.5 69.2 69.3 69.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,937 1,829 1,803 2,090 2,159 1,924 2,019 1,982 1,964

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,149 55,404 55,941 55,014 55,420 55,534 55,351 55,297 55,752

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.5 58.0 57.4 57.6 57.7 57.5 57.4 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,515 53,811 54,325 53,298 53,608 53,746 53,592 53,722 54,067

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 55.8 56.3 55.6 55.7 55.8 55.6 55.7 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,635 1,594 1,615 1,715 1,812 1,787 1,759 1,575 1,685

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,310 4,383 4,341 4,499 4,510 4,572 4,450 4,574 4,552

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 35.6 35.3 36.5 36.6 37.2 36.2 37.2 37.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,798 3,893 3,911 3,947 4,044 4,069 3,949 4,046 4,078

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 31.6 31.8 32.0 32.8 33.1 32.1 32.9 33.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 490 429 552 466 502 501 528 474

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 11.2 9.9 12.3 10.3 11.0 11.3 11.5 10.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,370 32,848 32,887 32,370 32,737 32,771 32,810 32,848 32,887

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,264 20,484 20,706 20,134 20,364 20,495 20,404 20,513 20,590

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.4 63.0 62.2 62.2 62.5 62.2 62.4 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,744 19,295 19,397 18,654 19,045 19,144 19,114 19,272 19,310

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 58.7 59.0 57.6 58.2 58.4 58.3 58.7 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,520 1,189 1,309 1,479 1,319 1,351 1,289 1,240 1,280

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 5.8 6.3 7.3 6.5 6.6 6.3 6.0 6.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,106 12,365 12,181 12,236 12,373 12,276 12,406 12,336 12,297

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,276 9,369 9,477 9,218 9,162 9,320 9,407 9,359 9,426

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.0 68.7 68.2 66.8 67.9 68.4 68.0 68.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,580 8,842 8,862 8,539 8,573 8,751 8,841 8,813 8,836

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 64.2 64.3 63.1 62.5 63.7 64.3 64.0 64.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696 526 615 679 589 569 566 546 590

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 5.6 6.5 7.4 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,291 10,421 10,415 10,204 10,406 10,426 10,361 10,427 10,337

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.8 62.7 62.5 63.0 63.0 62.5 62.9 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,609 9,892 9,892 9,560 9,838 9,793 9,766 9,874 9,834

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 59.6 59.6 58.5 59.5 59.2 59.0 59.5 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 529 523 644 568 633 595 554 503

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.1 5.0 6.3 5.5 6.1 5.7 5.3 4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 694 815 712 796 750 635 726 827

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 27.8 32.7 28.4 31.9 30.0 25.5 29.1 33.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 560 643 555 635 600 508 585 640

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 22.5 25.8 22.1 25.4 24.1 20.3 23.5 25.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 134 172 157 162 149 128 140 187

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 19.3 21.1 22.0 20.3 19.9 20.1 19.3 22.6

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,466 16,011 16,030 15,466 15,934 15,922 16,093 16,011 16,030

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,794 10,289 10,213 9,864 10,140 10,153 10,259 10,300 10,284

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 64.3 63.7 63.8 63.6 63.8 63.7 64.3 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,507 9,933 9,899 9,565 9,817 9,838 9,950 9,938 9,959

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 62.0 61.8 61.8 61.6 61.8 61.8 62.1 62.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 356 314 299 322 314 309 362 324

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,671 5,722 5,817 5,602 5,794 5,769 5,834 5,712 5,746

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 41,665 42,959 43,054 41,665 42,679 42,767 42,863 42,959 43,054

Civilian labor force................................ 27,328 28,316 28,512 27,319 28,369 28,495 28,242 28,346 28,500

Participation rate............................... 65.6 65.9 66.2 65.6 66.5 66.6 65.9 66.0 66.2

Employed....................................... 26,077 27,105 27,343 25,999 27,077 27,223 26,927 27,059 27,252

Employment-population ratio............... 62.6 63.1 63.5 62.4 63.4 63.7 62.8 63.0 63.3

Unemployed.................................... 1,250 1,211 1,169 1,321 1,292 1,273 1,315 1,287 1,248

Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4

Not in labor force................................. 14,337 14,642 14,542 14,346 14,310 14,272 14,621 14,613 14,554

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,987 15,414 15,442 14,959 15,557 15,519 15,421 15,416 15,440

Participation rate............................... 79.9 79.5 79.4 79.7 80.8 80.4 79.7 79.5 79.4

Employed....................................... 14,459 14,888 14,898 14,380 14,961 15,017 14,849 14,822 14,844

Employment-population ratio............... 77.1 76.8 76.6 76.7 77.7 77.8 76.7 76.4 76.4

Unemployed.................................... 528 526 544 579 596 502 572 594 596

Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.2 3.7 3.9 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,158 11,682 11,778 11,146 11,626 11,684 11,593 11,673 11,756

Participation rate............................... 58.6 59.6 59.9 58.5 59.7 59.8 59.2 59.5 59.8

Employed....................................... 10,639 11,175 11,305 10,601 11,065 11,131 11,009 11,172 11,255

Employment-population ratio............... 55.9 57.0 57.5 55.7 56.8 57.0 56.3 57.0 57.3

Unemployed.................................... 519 507 472 546 561 553 584 501 501

Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.3 4.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.3 4.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,184 1,220 1,293 1,214 1,186 1,292 1,228 1,257 1,304

Participation rate............................... 30.6 30.9 32.6 31.4 30.2 32.8 31.1 31.8 32.9

Employed....................................... 980 1,042 1,140 1,018 1,051 1,075 1,068 1,065 1,153

Employment-population ratio............... 25.3 26.3 28.8 26.3 26.7 27.3 27.1 26.9 29.1

Unemployed.................................... 204 179 152 196 135 218 160 192 151

Unemployment rate......................... 17.2 14.6 11.8 16.1 11.4 16.8 13.0 15.3 11.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,141 10,273 10,078 10,328 10,508 10,212 10,311 10,189 10,262

Participation rate.................................. 45.3 46.4 46.9 46.2 45.9 46.9 46.3 46.0 47.7

Employed.......................................... 9,624 9,773 9,567 9,699 9,926 9,695 9,728 9,626 9,651

Employment-population ratio................. 43.0 44.2 44.5 43.4 43.4 44.5 43.7 43.5 44.9

Unemployed....................................... 516 499 510 629 582 517 583 563 611

Unemployment rate............................ 5.1 4.9 5.1 6.1 5.5 5.1 5.7 5.5 6.0

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,788 36,540 36,254 35,572 36,050 36,534 36,121 36,224 36,092

Participation rate.................................. 57.2 58.0 57.8 56.9 57.9 57.9 57.3 57.5 57.6

Employed.......................................... 34,358 35,268 34,879 34,050 34,549 35,056 34,699 34,873 34,638

Employment-population ratio................. 54.9 56.0 55.6 54.4 55.5 55.5 55.0 55.3 55.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,431 1,272 1,375 1,522 1,501 1,478 1,422 1,351 1,454

Unemployment rate............................ 4.0 3.5 3.8 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,987 37,364 37,808 37,761 37,863 37,531 37,300 37,423 37,598

Participation rate.................................. 66.2 65.2 65.7 65.8 65.3 65.4 65.6 65.3 65.3

Employed.......................................... 36,636 36,204 36,706 36,385 36,602 36,340 35,987 36,239 36,462

Employment-population ratio................. 63.8 63.1 63.8 63.4 63.2 63.3 63.3 63.2 63.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,351 1,160 1,102 1,376 1,261 1,191 1,313 1,184 1,136

Unemployment rate............................ 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 55,728 57,279 58,022 55,612 56,613 56,940 57,638 57,258 57,856

Participation rate.................................. 73.9 73.6 73.6 73.8 74.0 73.4 74.0 73.6 73.4

Employed.......................................... 54,604 56,160 56,890 54,477 55,296 55,672 56,452 56,124 56,700

Employment-population ratio................. 72.4 72.2 72.2 72.3 72.2 71.8 72.5 72.1 71.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,124 1,120 1,132 1,135 1,317 1,268 1,186 1,134 1,156

Unemployment rate............................ 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,493 19,090 18,457 17,218 2,036 1,872

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,184 9,369 8,958 8,255 1,227 1,114

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.1 48.5 47.9 60.2 59.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,906 9,100 8,705 8,019 1,201 1,081

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 47.7 47.2 46.6 59.0 57.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 269 253 236 26 33

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.1 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,309 9,721 9,499 8,963 809 758

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,161 4,141 3,421 3,405 740 736

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,316 3,384 2,816 2,861 500 523

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.7 81.7 82.3 84.0 67.5 71.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,196 3,279 2,713 2,770 483 509

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 79.2 79.3 81.3 65.3 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 105 104 91 16 14

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.1 3.7 3.2 3.3 2.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 757 605 545 241 213

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,365 3,147 2,863 2,677 502 470

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618 2,450 2,253 2,109 365 341

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 77.9 78.7 78.8 72.7 72.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,570 2,383 2,214 2,047 356 336

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 75.7 77.3 76.5 70.9 71.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 67 40 61 9 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.7 1.8 2.9 2.5 1.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 697 610 568 137 129

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,964 7,502 7,676 7,246 288 256

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,779 1,545 1,708 1,491 71 54

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 20.6 22.3 20.6 24.6 21.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,730 1,498 1,659 1,447 71 52

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 20.0 21.6 20.0 24.6 20.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 47 50 44 0 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,185 5,957 5,968 5,755 217 202

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,003 4,300 4,497 3,890 506 410

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,471 1,990 2,179 1,795 291 195

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 46.3 48.5 46.1 57.5 47.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,411 1,940 2,120 1,755 291 184

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 45.1 47.2 45.1 57.5 45.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 50 59 39 0 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.2 0.1 5.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,532 2,310 2,318 2,095 215 215

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,807 230,542 100,389 103,266 125,418 127,276

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,074 151,214 75,253 76,864 72,821 74,351

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 65.6 75.0 74.4 58.1 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,414 145,912 72,312 74,170 70,101 71,743

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 63.3 72.0 71.8 55.9 56.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,660 5,302 2,941 2,694 2,719 2,608

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,734 79,328 25,136 26,402 52,598 52,925

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,255 30,145 225,511 228,370

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,360 6,468 154,105 156,255

Participation rate..................................................................... 21.0 21.5 68.3 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 5,877 5,987 148,346 150,965

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.4 19.9 65.8 66.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 482 480 5,760 5,290

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.6 7.4 3.7 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,895 23,677 71,406 72,114

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,805 2,740 77,085 77,736

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.5 36.4 82.4 82.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,588 2,520 74,130 75,067

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.7 33.5 79.2 79.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 217 221 2,955 2,669

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.8 8.1 3.8 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,872 4,790 16,478 16,560

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,347 2,511 68,608 69,508

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.2 32.0 71.0 71.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,133 2,304 66,080 67,136

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.4 29.4 68.3 69.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 214 207 2,528 2,372

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.1 8.2 3.7 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,433 5,329 28,086 27,560

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,208 1,216 8,412 9,011

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.2 8.2 23.9 24.4

Employed............................................................................. 1,156 1,163 8,136 8,762

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.8 7.9 23.1 23.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 51 53 276 249

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.2 4.3 3.3 2.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,590 13,559 26,841 27,994

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,668 43,051 20,191 20,795 21,476 22,256

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,374 28,410 15,774 16,198 11,600 12,212

Participation rate.................................................. 65.7 66.0 78.1 77.9 54.0 54.9

Employed.......................................................... 26,343 27,533 15,296 15,763 11,046 11,770

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.2 64.0 75.8 75.8 51.4 52.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,031 877 477 436 554 441

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.8 3.1 3.0 2.7 4.8 3.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,294 14,641 4,417 4,597 9,877 10,044

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 214,099 215,463 103,426 104,245 110,673 111,218

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,091 134,313 69,463 69,882 63,629 64,431

Participation rate.................................................. 62.2 62.3 67.2 67.0 57.5 57.9

Employed.......................................................... 127,880 129,419 66,578 67,290 61,302 62,130

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.7 60.1 64.4 64.5 55.4 55.9

Unemployed....................................................... 5,211 4,894 2,884 2,593 2,327 2,301

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.9 3.6 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,007 81,150 33,963 34,363 47,044 46,787

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,559 2,555 2,484 2,471 2,350 2,498 2,345 2,474 2,406

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,814 1,726 1,771 1,707 1,567 1,658 1,528 1,640 1,658

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 721 806 692 749 736 783 772 812 731

Unpaid family workers........................... 24 23 21 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 151,664 153,636 154,468 151,334 153,309 153,473 153,262 153,474 154,152

Wage and salary workers1...................... 142,564 144,570 145,325 142,294 144,524 144,447 144,276 144,389 145,109

Government..................................... 20,753 20,674 21,187 20,755 20,986 20,900 20,791 20,743 21,212

Private industries............................... 121,811 123,896 124,139 121,578 123,478 123,541 123,513 123,634 123,968

Private households.......................... 571 741 769 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 121,240 123,154 123,370 121,012 122,757 122,772 122,749 122,842 123,167

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,067 8,970 9,055 8,956 8,728 8,880 8,861 8,959 8,943

Unpaid family workers........................... 33 96 88 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,553 4,306 4,246 4,880 4,743 4,567 4,379 4,642 4,621

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,762 2,606 2,600 2,960 3,042 2,877 2,551 2,782 2,816

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,609 1,464 1,433 1,615 1,447 1,431 1,365 1,447 1,436

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,395 21,475 21,979 20,897 21,304 21,532 21,781 21,464 21,512

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,496 4,238 4,169 4,799 4,662 4,482 4,311 4,547 4,523

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,734 2,572 2,541 2,944 3,004 2,836 2,522 2,752 2,763

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,594 1,459 1,428 1,600 1,431 1,415 1,355 1,441 1,431

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,034 21,077 21,616 20,552 20,941 21,177 21,448 21,057 21,143

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,223 156,191 156,952 153,846 155,576 155,965 155,542 155,962 156,562

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,821 4,876 5,045 5,022 5,144 5,127 4,879 5,081 5,248

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,903 1,826 1,940 1,932 1,797 1,815 1,770 1,766 1,956

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,918 3,050 3,105 3,070 3,344 3,315 3,110 3,293 3,293

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,402 151,315 151,908 148,824 150,432 150,838 150,663 150,881 151,314

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,180 13,910 13,865 14,183 14,046 14,128 13,841 14,026 13,902

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,222 137,405 138,042 134,716 136,422 136,762 136,749 136,856 137,506

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,584 100,763 101,289 99,227 100,204 100,417 100,276 100,316 100,903

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,755 35,658 35,802 34,666 35,288 35,444 35,316 35,500 35,699

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,254 32,661 33,017 32,094 32,566 32,690 32,636 32,489 32,853

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,574 32,444 32,469 32,468 32,350 32,283 32,324 32,327 32,352

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,638 36,642 36,753 35,489 36,218 36,346 36,473 36,540 36,602

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,875 82,814 83,052 81,667 82,522 82,684 82,545 82,645 82,903

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,345 2,356 2,415 2,419 2,509 2,444 2,410 2,420 2,498

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 799 863 884 855 814 812 782 893

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,488 1,557 1,552 1,528 1,644 1,629 1,598 1,637 1,614

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,530 80,458 80,637 79,248 80,013 80,240 80,134 80,225 80,405

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,248 7,107 7,031 7,280 7,191 7,149 6,990 7,162 7,087

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,282 73,351 73,606 72,016 72,869 73,126 73,106 73,020 73,341

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,242 53,808 53,957 53,082 53,588 53,673 53,599 53,569 53,796

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,655 19,199 19,196 18,617 19,006 19,054 19,007 19,121 19,171

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,414 17,594 17,704 17,320 17,598 17,691 17,642 17,509 17,619

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,173 17,015 17,056 17,145 16,984 16,928 16,950 16,939 17,005

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,040 19,542 19,650 18,934 19,281 19,453 19,507 19,451 19,546

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,348 73,378 73,900 72,179 73,054 73,281 72,997 73,317 73,659

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,477 2,520 2,630 2,603 2,635 2,683 2,468 2,661 2,751

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046 1,027 1,077 1,048 942 1,001 958 983 1,063

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,430 1,493 1,553 1,541 1,700 1,687 1,512 1,656 1,679

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,872 70,858 71,270 69,576 70,419 70,598 70,529 70,656 70,909

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,932 6,803 6,835 6,903 6,855 6,979 6,851 6,864 6,815

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,940 64,055 64,436 62,700 63,553 63,636 63,643 63,836 64,165

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,342 46,954 47,332 46,146 46,616 46,744 46,677 46,747 47,108

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,100 16,459 16,606 16,049 16,282 16,390 16,309 16,379 16,527

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,840 15,067 15,313 14,774 14,969 14,998 14,994 14,979 15,234

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,401 15,428 15,413 15,323 15,366 15,355 15,374 15,388 15,347

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,598 17,100 17,104 16,555 16,937 16,892 16,966 17,089 17,057

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,886 46,205 46,354 45,776 45,689 45,751 45,858 45,966 46,228

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,072 36,090 36,278 35,853 35,976 35,986 36,070 35,984 36,040

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,829 9,887 10,060 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,055 129,466 129,627 126,636 128,568 129,021 128,577 128,894 129,212

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,168 26,726 27,325 27,142 27,028 26,992 26,913 27,055 27,297

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,409 7,670 8,093 7,209 7,619 8,072 7,944 7,707 7,883

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.9 5.2 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.9 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,171 5,840 6,057 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,789 9,776 9,747 9,705 9,464 9,663 9,633 9,771 9,674

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,524 5,964 6,075 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 796 743 712 13.7 12.6 13.1 12.8 12.8 11.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 340 282 235 15.0 14.4 13.6 13.4 13.8 10.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 467 446 492 13.2 11.4 12.5 12.2 11.9 13.0

20 years and over................................ 5,728 5,221 5,363 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,095 1,036 1,010 7.2 7.4 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8

25 years and over.............................. 4,620 4,210 4,335 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 3,501 3,149 3,269 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,593 1,299 1,350 4.4 3.9 3.5 4.1 3.5 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 1,003 969 1,010 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 905 882 908 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.7

55 years and over........................... 1,134 1,056 1,073 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.8

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,580 3,211 3,243 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 462 373 362 16.0 14.7 15.5 14.7 13.4 12.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 186 134 114 17.4 16.5 16.1 15.6 14.6 11.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 284 241 251 15.7 13.2 14.5 14.1 12.8 13.5

20 years and over................................ 3,118 2,837 2,881 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 635 575 565 8.0 8.2 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.4

25 years and over.............................. 2,462 2,281 2,294 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,825 1,707 1,761 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 844 704 747 4.3 3.8 3.5 4.1 3.6 3.7

35 to 44 years............................. 499 539 554 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 482 464 460 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.6

55 years and over........................... 638 574 533 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,945 2,753 2,832 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 334 370 350 11.4 10.5 10.9 10.8 12.2 11.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 154 148 121 12.8 12.4 11.4 11.5 13.1 10.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 182 205 241 10.6 9.5 10.5 10.0 11.0 12.6

20 years and over................................ 2,611 2,383 2,482 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 460 461 445 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.1

25 years and over.............................. 2,157 1,930 2,041 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 1,676 1,442 1,508 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 749 595 604 4.5 4.0 3.6 4.1 3.5 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 504 430 456 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 423 418 448 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.8

55 years and over........................... 494 500 532 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 954 898 897 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 889 780 836 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.3

Women who maintain families2.................... 578 529 565 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,246 4,662 4,838 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,275 1,267 1,241 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.3

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,859 2,474 2,510 3,214 3,065 3,017 2,875 2,796 2,850

On temporary layoff.............................. 561 507 507 862 906 890 872 820 793

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,298 1,967 2,003 2,352 2,159 2,127 2,003 1,975 2,057

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,648 1,238 1,317 1,688 1,486 1,455 1,345 1,248 1,355

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 650 729 686 664 673 672 658 727 701

Job leavers........................................... 763 794 746 731 811 844 862 730 726

Reentrants............................................ 2,040 1,939 1,951 2,001 2,086 1,799 1,846 1,877 1,906

New entrants......................................... 580 559 564 626 578 591 584 586 606

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 45.8 42.9 43.5 48.9 46.9 48.3 46.6 46.7 46.8

On temporary layoff.............................. 9.0 8.8 8.8 13.1 13.9 14.2 14.1 13.7 13.0

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 36.8 34.1 34.7 35.8 33.0 34.0 32.5 33.0 33.8

Job leavers........................................... 12.2 13.8 12.9 11.1 12.4 13.5 14.0 12.2 11.9

Reentrants............................................ 32.7 33.6 33.8 30.5 31.9 28.8 29.9 31.3 31.3

New entrants......................................... 9.3 9.7 9.8 9.5 8.8 9.5 9.5 9.8 10.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,958 2,043 1,866 2,128 2,227 2,091 2,208 2,065 2,057

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,839 1,566 1,734 1,943 1,882 1,820 1,720 1,720 1,821

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,445 2,157 2,171 2,500 2,314 2,406 2,255 2,245 2,229

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 847 790 824 856 836 971 923 861 856

27 weeks and over............................... 1,598 1,366 1,347 1,645 1,478 1,435 1,332 1,384 1,373

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 27.1 24.7 23.8 25.8 21.2 23.2 22.6 24.0 22.5

Median duration, in weeks......................... 10.1 9.4 9.9 9.8 8.9 9.5 9.1 9.2 9.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 31.4 35.4 32.3 32.4 34.7 33.1 35.7 34.3 33.7

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 29.5 27.2 30.0 29.6 29.3 28.8 27.8 28.5 29.8

15 weeks and over.................................. 39.2 37.4 37.6 38.0 36.0 38.1 36.5 37.2 36.5

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.6 13.7 14.3 13.0 13.0 15.4 14.9 14.3 14.0

27 weeks and over............................... 25.6 23.7 23.3 25.0 23.0 22.7 21.5 22.9 22.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 154,223 156,952 6,242 5,771 3.9 3.5

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 61,062 62,929 1,285 1,246 2.1 1.9

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,620 26,165 498 535 1.9 2.0

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,442 36,764 787 711 2.2 1.9

Service occupations................................................ 27,075 26,689 1,444 1,247 5.1 4.5

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,633 33,730 1,363 1,233 3.9 3.5

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,795 15,927 656 599 4.0 3.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,838 17,803 707 634 3.8 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,324 14,588 724 546 4.8 3.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,222 1,181 67 63 5.2 5.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,183 8,558 495 400 5.7 4.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,920 4,849 163 83 3.2 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,129 19,015 833 920 4.4 4.6

Production occupations.......................................... 8,575 8,904 311 414 3.5 4.4

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,554 10,112 522 506 5.2 4.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,242 5,771 3.9 3.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,810 4,458 3.8 3.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 39 14 4.8 1.7

Construction.......................................................................... 418 352 4.5 3.6

Manufacturing........................................................................ 501 504 3.2 3.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 314 260 3.2 2.5

Nondurable goods................................................................ 187 245 3.2 4.3

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 849 794 4.2 3.9

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 284 217 4.1 3.1

Information............................................................................ 105 84 3.9 3.2

Financial activities................................................................... 214 205 2.2 2.0

Professional and business services............................................... 715 691 4.1 4.0

Education and health services..................................................... 677 649 2.9 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 796 747 5.8 5.4

Other services........................................................................ 210 200 3.1 3.0

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 79 74 4.3 4.1

Government workers................................................................... 462 411 2.2 1.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 311 265 3.1 2.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.9 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.8 4.5 4.4 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.6 7.1 7.0 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.4

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,301 95,792 38,380 38,960 56,921 56,832

Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,938 5,048 2,287 2,298 2,650 2,750

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,535 1,491 837 823 698 668

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 524 506 335 314 190 192

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,010 984 503 509 508 476

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,409 8,093 3,681 3,958 3,727 4,135

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.8 5.2 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.6

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,167 4,484 2,256 2,490 1,912 1,994

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,770 2,180 587 723 1,183 1,457

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 295 284 226 171 70 114

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,124 1,073 598 539 526 534

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Change

from:

Sept.2018

-

Oct.2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,203 149,406 149,738 150,753 147,234 149,382 149,500 149,750 250

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,516 127,986 127,368 127,982 124,903 126,986 127,107 127,353 246

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,391 21,115 21,024 21,064 20,168 20,750 20,792 20,859 67

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 763 759 764 691 747 751 756 5

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.5 48.7 47.9 48.2 47.9 47.3 47.0 -0.3

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650.5 713.3 710.0 716.5 643.2 698.8 703.5 708.6 5.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.3 155.5 152.6 153.4 145.8 152.8 152.4 153.2 0.8

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.9 195.3 193.2 194.3 185.9 190.5 190.3 191.3 1.0

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 53.2 52.9 53.1 52.7 53.0 52.8 52.6 -0.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5 39.6 39.0 39.0 38.7 39.1 38.9 39.1 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 102.5 101.3 102.2 94.5 98.4 98.6 99.6 1.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316.3 362.5 364.2 368.8 311.5 355.5 360.8 364.1 3.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,182 7,529 7,474 7,500 6,988 7,268 7,288 7,318 30

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,576.4 1,656.5 1,639.5 1,644.2 1,543.5 1,615.8 1,615.6 1,617.3 1.7

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769.2 821.3 811.9 815.9 751.2 801.3 799.8 802.6 2.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.2 835.2 827.6 828.3 792.3 814.5 815.8 814.7 -1.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,046.1 1,092.6 1,093.3 1,099.6 984.1 1,023.2 1,029.0 1,036.1 7.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,559.4 4,779.4 4,741.4 4,756.6 4,460.0 4,628.8 4,643.6 4,664.9 21.3

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,997.7 2,103.5 2,077.0 2,085.7 1,961.2 2,033.0 2,039.5 2,053.3 13.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,561.7 2,675.9 2,664.4 2,670.9 2,498.8 2,595.8 2,604.1 2,611.6 7.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,509 12,823 12,791 12,800 12,489 12,735 12,753 12,785 32

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,770 8,001 7,982 8,005 7,765 7,970 7,984 8,005 21

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.4 409.1 407.6 409.0 398.1 406.3 407.3 407.8 0.5

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.9 426.2 425.6 428.8 410.9 419.1 422.5 424.3 1.8

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.3 382.2 381.7 381.7 374.4 382.1 382.2 381.9 -0.3

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,443.7 1,500.3 1,495.2 1,494.8 1,443.0 1,494.4 1,495.5 1,495.4 -0.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082.5 1,132.7 1,127.6 1,131.7 1,083.8 1,129.1 1,130.7 1,135.5 4.8

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,047.9 1,073.2 1,068.3 1,071.4 1,047.9 1,068.5 1,069.7 1,071.9 2.2

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 163.2 170.7 170.3 171.1 162.5 169.3 170.4 171.0 0.6

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.8 85.1 85.1 85.5 87.0 85.1 85.2 85.6 0.4

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.4 371.7 369.1 368.7 363.7 370.0 369.7 369.1 -0.6

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.7 413.1 410.9 412.4 401.0 411.5 411.7 412.9 1.2

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 32.6 32.9 33.7 33.6 32.5 32.8 33.3 0.5

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 392.3 408.3 408.9 407.8 392.8 406.7 408.3 408.1 -0.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,627.9 1,674.6 1,678.5 1,684.6 1,630.0 1,673.0 1,676.3 1,686.5 10.2

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950.1 961.3 963.4 968.5 950.5 961.7 962.7 969.5 6.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.4 393.2 390.4 391.0 393.3 389.9 391.0 390.7 -0.3

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.2 601.0 598.2 604.4 590.9 600.5 600.5 603.3 2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,739 4,822 4,809 4,795 4,724 4,765 4,769 4,780 11

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623.7 1,675.1 1,669.2 1,658.7 1,613.4 1,637.4 1,642.1 1,648.9 6.8

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 112.6 111.9 111.0 112.5 112.3 111.6 111.0 -0.6

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.0 112.0 111.3 110.9 112.4 110.9 110.8 110.4 -0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.3 112.9 111.3 110.9 116.3 113.2 110.9 110.8 -0.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.2 377.9 378.2 377.4 369.2 377.1 378.9 378.2 -0.7

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 440.1 434.2 432.8 431.7 439.5 432.6 432.2 430.9 -1.3

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.5 120.8 119.9 118.9 116.0 116.9 116.6 116.2 -0.4

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.8 837.8 836.0 837.2 828.0 834.9 836.9 838.6 1.7

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718.0 727.7 727.1 727.0 721.7 726.9 728.0 730.6 2.6

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.3 311.2 310.8 311.6 294.5 303.1 301.4 304.0 2.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,125 106,871 106,344 106,918 104,735 106,236 106,315 106,494 179

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,604 27,797 27,715 27,910 27,553 27,836 27,828 27,865 37

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,933.2 6,028.7 6,011.2 6,028.6 5,923.3 6,004.8 6,008.1 6,017.2 9.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,977.4 3,045.9 3,035.8 3,041.5 2,978.5 3,033.5 3,035.9 3,042.6 6.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,059.7 2,062.3 2,054.8 2,065.0 2,049.3 2,055.3 2,052.5 2,053.9 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Change

from:

Sept.2018

-

Oct.2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896.1 920.5 920.6 922.1 895.5 916.0 919.7 920.7 1.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,869.5 15,927.6 15,770.8 15,893.7 15,859.8 15,926.4 15,894.0 15,896.4 2.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019.3 2,047.9 2,043.3 2,046.4 2,017.3 2,036.6 2,037.0 2,042.5 5.5

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304.2 1,315.0 1,315.8 1,316.4 1,301.7 1,311.1 1,312.2 1,313.1 0.9

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.3 163.1 158.6 157.1 155.6 156.3 157.2 158.3 1.1

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 560.8 569.8 568.9 572.9 559.9 569.2 567.6 571.1 3.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 479.9 477.7 477.7 488.0 476.6 482.4 484.3 485.9 1.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 499.4 490.7 486.8 490.0 500.4 494.8 491.8 490.9 -0.9

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,268.2 1,305.3 1,278.8 1,277.2 1,288.9 1,306.3 1,303.8 1,304.1 0.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,084.9 3,118.5 3,088.4 3,103.3 3,079.6 3,100.3 3,097.4 3,100.7 3.3

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057.3 1,048.7 1,047.0 1,058.6 1,058.1 1,057.3 1,057.9 1,060.0 2.1

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934.0 950.5 944.1 939.9 932.0 938.5 940.6 938.4 -2.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,348.8 1,367.5 1,325.0 1,337.2 1,361.3 1,358.7 1,352.9 1,352.6 -0.3

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.2 557.5 554.9 557.4 606.0 571.0 566.5 560.4 -6.1

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152.0 3,131.0 3,102.3 3,155.8 3,143.7 3,151.4 3,138.8 3,140.5 1.7

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,183.2 1,161.9 1,144.1 1,169.8 1,185.2 1,178.8 1,170.0 1,168.5 -1.5

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,968.8 1,969.1 1,958.2 1,986.0 1,958.5 1,972.6 1,968.8 1,972.0 3.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834.9 837.7 826.1 829.5 820.2 829.1 821.7 818.1 -3.6

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585.6 594.6 596.4 610.4 575.7 600.0 601.3 602.3 1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,247.4 5,287.5 5,382.8 5,435.6 5,215.4 5,353.5 5,374.3 5,399.1 24.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497.8 508.4 506.2 505.2 498.5 504.8 505.5 505.6 0.1

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.2 215.6 215.6 215.6 212.7 214.4 215.3 215.0 -0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 68.3 66.2 65.8 65.4 65.6 65.1 65.4 0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,472.8 1,505.9 1,508.1 1,509.0 1,455.6 1,484.0 1,489.8 1,492.2 2.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515.5 431.8 508.1 517.1 497.9 495.1 496.7 498.2 1.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 46.9 46.9 47.0 47.7 46.9 46.8 47.0 0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 37.5 45.6 40.6 36.5 36.5 35.3 34.7 35.3 0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 698.2 716.0 713.5 721.7 693.1 713.9 712.8 717.6 4.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.5 715.2 729.3 746.8 704.2 751.8 757.0 764.6 7.6

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014.6 1,033.8 1,048.3 1,070.9 1,003.8 1,041.7 1,050.6 1,058.2 7.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.4 553.2 549.7 551.6 554.2 551.2 551.3 552.5 1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,784 2,787 2,753 2,776 2,784 2,766 2,762 2,769 7

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 720.5 718.3 717.2 715.2 719.1 714.4 714.6 713.7 -0.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.7 426.6 403.1 422.8 424.5 413.6 412.5 416.8 4.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.5 262.5 264.7 265.2 264.7 263.2 263.2 263.1 -0.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771.3 754.5 747.0 746.2 772.7 754.0 748.5 748.6 0.1

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.7 326.5 325.8 328.4 319.7 325.8 326.9 328.0 1.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.6 298.6 294.8 298.5 283.3 295.4 296.0 298.6 2.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,499 8,654 8,606 8,616 8,494 8,587 8,602 8,609 7

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,287.0 6,353.7 6,326.1 6,331.9 6,287.6 6,331.0 6,334.0 6,332.4 -1.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.9 19.4 19.1 19.2 19.0 19.3 19.2 19.2 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,651.5 2,675.3 2,661.8 2,659.2 2,656.7 2,664.4 2,665.1 2,664.0 -1.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,710.3 1,725.1 1,712.3 1,711.9 1,717.4 1,718.3 1,718.6 1,718.3 -0.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,318.6 1,323.9 1,313.3 1,311.2 1,323.8 1,319.0 1,318.7 1,316.3 -2.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 628.4 636.9 634.4 631.0 627.2 633.1 631.2 629.5 -1.7

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 312.8 313.3 315.1 316.3 312.1 312.9 315.3 316.1 0.8

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 948.8 978.0 969.5 968.9 945.6 968.9 970.0 967.3 -2.7

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,667.8 2,681.0 2,675.7 2,684.6 2,666.3 2,678.4 2,679.7 2,681.9 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,212.2 2,299.9 2,280.0 2,283.9 2,206.2 2,256.3 2,268.0 2,276.5 8.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,610.5 1,658.0 1,644.1 1,651.4 1,605.2 1,634.4 1,641.2 1,645.5 4.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Change

from:

Sept.2018

-

Oct.2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577.6 616.2 610.9 607.2 576.9 596.7 601.7 605.7 4.0

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 24.1 25.7 25.0 25.3 24.1 25.2 25.1 25.3 0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,815 21,217 21,185 21,352 20,630 21,065 21,111 21,146 35

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,045.0 9,272.1 9,206.2 9,301.3 9,061.1 9,273.3 9,287.9 9,307.6 19.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139.1 1,137.5 1,131.3 1,140.7 1,137.0 1,136.5 1,137.5 1,138.1 0.6

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 938.9 960.0 950.3 963.3 998.0 1,013.1 1,011.9 1,014.1 2.2

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,455.1 1,507.2 1,488.6 1,500.5 1,447.7 1,486.7 1,485.4 1,492.3 6.9

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.0 139.2 140.0 139.7 137.4 138.8 140.0 138.4 -1.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,068.3 2,126.1 2,109.5 2,138.1 2,058.4 2,116.2 2,120.9 2,126.6 5.7

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427.9 1,467.4 1,463.6 1,484.0 1,413.5 1,460.7 1,465.9 1,469.8 3.9

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661.3 689.0 681.6 685.4 663.8 682.9 684.6 687.1 2.5

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.6 500.2 495.8 497.6 489.8 497.3 496.8 495.6 -1.2

Other professional and technical services. . . 722.8 745.5 745.5 752.0 715.4 741.0 744.9 745.5 0.6

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,299.4 2,344.0 2,331.9 2,336.4 2,302.6 2,333.8 2,336.9 2,339.1 2.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,470.8 9,600.7 9,646.4 9,714.6 9,266.3 9,457.4 9,486.5 9,498.9 12.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,054.3 9,162.6 9,209.4 9,276.8 8,850.8 9,025.2 9,051.9 9,062.5 10.6

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 517.7 528.0 526.8 527.4 517.5 527.3 527.1 527.0 -0.1

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.0 158.4 159.0 159.4 154.9 157.5 157.6 158.1 0.5

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,788.6 3,764.6 3,825.4 3,882.0 3,663.2 3,735.7 3,749.9 3,749.4 -0.5

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,106.3 3,066.1 3,123.6 3,178.0 2,992.0 3,047.3 3,054.9 3,058.2 3.3

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921.4 899.8 910.6 924.9 906.4 911.4 911.7 910.5 -1.2

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.8 219.1 218.3 216.9 216.9 216.5 217.1 216.8 -0.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 930.5 948.2 955.6 957.7 922.6 945.2 947.5 950.2 2.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,190.6 2,304.6 2,270.4 2,261.6 2,141.4 2,193.9 2,199.5 2,208.6 9.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.7 339.9 343.3 346.9 327.9 337.7 341.6 341.9 0.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.5 438.1 437.0 437.8 415.5 432.2 434.6 436.4 1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,515 23,430 23,691 24,018 23,312 23,741 23,767 23,811 44

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,852.9 3,453.8 3,711.5 3,917.7 3,686.6 3,764.9 3,755.8 3,753.3 -2.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,662.3 19,976.3 19,979.9 20,099.9 19,625.7 19,975.9 20,010.8 20,057.5 46.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,845.5 16,100.5 16,089.4 16,171.0 15,814.7 16,074.3 16,101.6 16,137.2 35.6

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,383.8 7,529.6 7,522.3 7,571.2 7,357.5 7,518.9 7,531.2 7,545.4 14.2

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,613.1 2,643.8 2,643.5 2,661.2 2,603.1 2,643.4 2,648.1 2,651.8 3.7

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937.4 954.3 949.4 955.3 935.0 949.8 949.0 952.5 3.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 897.5 936.8 931.3 945.1 895.7 933.9 936.8 942.9 6.1

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.3 938.1 935.8 942.5 909.9 937.1 938.4 942.0 3.6

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 272.9 282.4 284.8 284.0 271.9 282.4 283.9 283.4 -0.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,438.9 1,468.2 1,469.8 1,478.7 1,432.1 1,465.9 1,468.6 1,470.5 1.9

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.7 306.0 307.7 304.4 309.8 306.3 306.5 302.3 -4.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,114.2 5,194.7 5,203.3 5,221.9 5,109.2 5,191.7 5,203.1 5,216.1 13.0

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,347.5 3,376.2 3,363.8 3,377.9 3,348.0 3,363.7 3,367.3 3,375.7 8.4

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,622.9 1,617.2 1,611.3 1,617.4 1,621.7 1,612.1 1,611.7 1,615.2 3.5

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 628.9 639.2 636.8 636.7 629.8 637.1 637.9 637.7 -0.2

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.8 946.1 942.5 949.3 927.8 942.2 944.2 948.5 4.3

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 168.9 173.7 173.2 174.5 168.7 172.4 173.5 174.3 0.8

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,816.8 3,875.8 3,890.5 3,928.9 3,811.0 3,901.6 3,909.2 3,920.3 11.1

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,360.4 2,441.7 2,433.6 2,456.5 2,363.1 2,441.2 2,449.1 2,457.9 8.8

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 168.2 175.5 174.9 175.1 169.0 174.9 175.3 175.9 0.6

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 343.1 351.8 346.0 349.0 343.6 347.3 347.3 349.5 2.2

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945.1 906.8 936.0 948.3 935.3 938.2 937.5 937.0 -0.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,100 17,076 16,530 16,360 16,156 16,368 16,368 16,410 42

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,299.4 2,650.9 2,412.1 2,334.1 2,347.7 2,349.1 2,363.3 2,372.3 9.0

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 504.8 514.1 511.1 511.1 499.0 485.2 498.6 501.9 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Change

from:

Sept.2018

-

Oct.2018p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.7 186.6 176.8 176.2 168.0 173.8 174.5 175.5 1.0

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,625.9 1,950.2 1,724.2 1,646.8 1,680.7 1,690.1 1,690.2 1,694.9 4.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,800.5 14,425.3 14,117.4 14,026.1 13,808.4 14,018.7 14,005.1 14,038.1 33.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,997.9 2,182.8 2,079.1 2,023.0 2,010.4 2,040.3 2,036.7 2,036.2 -0.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,802.6 12,242.5 12,038.3 12,003.1 11,798.0 11,978.4 11,968.4 12,001.9 33.5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,808 5,910 5,864 5,886 5,806 5,873 5,877 5,884 7

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312.2 1,323.3 1,324.5 1,328.7 1,311.3 1,323.3 1,324.6 1,327.5 2.9

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502.2 1,536.3 1,533.6 1,543.1 1,499.7 1,530.1 1,534.7 1,539.5 4.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,993.8 3,050.0 3,005.7 3,014.5 2,995.3 3,019.8 3,017.4 3,017.1 -0.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,687 21,420 22,370 22,771 22,331 22,396 22,393 22,397 4

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,802.0 2,806.0 2,801.0 2,799.0 2,807.0 2,797.0 2,798.0 2,799.0 1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,187.7 2,202.3 2,196.4 2,194.8 2,190.3 2,191.0 2,191.9 2,194.5 2.6

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.5 603.6 604.3 603.7 616.9 606.3 605.7 604.9 -0.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,279.0 4,863.0 5,194.0 5,297.0 5,135.0 5,137.0 5,138.0 5,139.0 1.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,616.1 2,180.8 2,527.6 2,641.1 2,462.7 2,472.3 2,473.6 2,474.9 1.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,662.7 2,682.5 2,666.5 2,656.0 2,671.8 2,664.4 2,664.8 2,663.7 -1.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,606.0 13,751.0 14,375.0 14,675.0 14,389.0 14,462.0 14,457.0 14,459.0 2.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,190.6 7,079.3 7,895.2 8,226.5 7,936.7 7,974.0 7,968.9 7,968.7 -0.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,415.6 6,671.3 6,479.6 6,448.7 6,452.0 6,488.3 6,488.3 6,490.1 1.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.3 46.0 45.8 45.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 39.2 38.9 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.9 40.9 40.9 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.3 41.2 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 40.3 40.2 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 39.0 38.9 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 39.0 38.9 39.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.1 42.0 42.2 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.1 36.3 36.1

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.6 37.4 37.8

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.1 36.1 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 33.0 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 26.1 26.0 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Total private............................................... $26.47 $27.17 $27.25 $27.30 $910.57 $937.37 $937.40 $941.85

Goods-producing....................................... 27.72 28.29 28.39 28.40 1,119.89 1,145.75 1,144.12 1,144.52

Mining and logging.................................. 32.13 32.75 33.06 32.85 1,455.49 1,506.50 1,514.15 1,507.82

Construction.......................................... 29.09 30.00 30.17 30.21 1,134.51 1,176.00 1,173.61 1,175.17

Manufacturing........................................ 26.72 27.07 27.11 27.11 1,092.85 1,107.16 1,108.80 1,106.09

Durable goods.................................... 27.99 28.46 28.51 28.49 1,158.79 1,175.40 1,174.61 1,173.79

Nondurable goods................................ 24.58 24.68 24.71 24.74 983.20 994.60 993.34 992.07

Private service-providing.............................. 26.18 26.91 26.98 27.04 869.18 896.10 898.43 900.43

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.86 23.48 23.56 23.61 784.10 807.71 810.46 809.82

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.98 30.66 30.82 30.83 1,169.22 1,195.74 1,198.90 1,196.20

Retail trade........................................ 18.24 18.84 18.89 18.96 563.62 582.16 583.70 583.97

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.01 24.45 24.45 24.50 929.19 953.55 951.11 955.50

Utilities............................................. 39.62 40.78 41.08 41.00 1,668.00 1,712.76 1,733.58 1,726.10

Information........................................... 38.39 39.86 40.31 40.39 1,393.56 1,438.95 1,463.25 1,458.08

Financial activities................................... 33.66 34.93 35.03 35.03 1,262.25 1,313.37 1,310.12 1,324.13

Professional and business services.............. 31.77 32.65 32.70 32.76 1,143.72 1,178.67 1,180.47 1,185.91

Education and health services..................... 26.47 27.09 27.10 27.19 870.86 893.97 894.30 897.27

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.58 16.03 16.07 16.11 406.64 418.38 417.82 420.47

Other services....................................... 24.10 24.42 24.50 24.55 763.97 776.56 779.10 783.15

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2018 -

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2018 -

Oct.

2018p

Total private..................................... 107.8 110.0 109.7 110.3 0.5 136.5 142.8 143.0 143.9 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 92.8 95.7 95.5 95.8 0.3 116.3 122.4 122.5 122.9 0.3

Mining and logging........................ 98.4 108.0 108.1 109.0 0.8 126.9 142.0 143.5 143.8 0.2

Construction................................ 93.9 98.2 97.7 98.1 0.4 118.7 128.0 128.1 128.8 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 91.9 93.7 93.8 93.8 0.0 114.2 118.0 118.3 118.3 0.0

Durable goods........................... 90.5 92.7 92.6 92.9 0.3 112.5 117.1 117.3 117.5 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 94.3 95.8 95.7 95.7 0.0 117.6 120.0 120.0 120.1 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 111.9 113.8 113.9 114.1 0.2 142.3 148.8 149.3 149.9 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 102.8 104.1 104.1 103.9 -0.2 126.5 131.6 132.0 132.1 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 100.8 102.2 102.0 101.9 -0.1 126.1 130.7 131.2 131.1 -0.1

Retail trade.............................. 99.5 100.0 99.8 99.5 -0.3 120.0 124.5 124.6 124.7 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 115.5 119.5 119.7 120.5 0.7 140.8 148.3 148.5 149.8 0.9

Utilities.................................... 100.9 100.2 100.7 100.6 -0.1 132.1 135.0 136.6 136.3 -0.2

Information................................. 92.3 91.2 91.6 91.3 -0.3 126.2 129.4 131.4 131.3 -0.1

Financial activities......................... 104.3 105.7 105.4 106.6 1.1 137.0 144.1 144.0 145.6 1.1

Professional and business services..... 116.8 119.6 119.9 120.4 0.4 150.3 158.2 158.8 159.8 0.6

Education and health services........... 125.2 127.9 128.1 128.3 0.2 159.5 166.7 167.0 167.8 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 120.3 121.9 121.4 122.2 0.7 151.2 157.6 157.4 158.8 0.9

Other services............................. 106.1 107.7 107.8 108.2 0.4 140.2 144.1 144.7 145.6 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,880 74,213 74,285 74,441 49.5 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private............................................ 60,063 61,290 61,363 61,512 48.1 48.3 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,430 4,604 4,621 4,638 22.0 22.2 22.2 22.2

Mining and logging............................... 91 95 94 95 13.2 12.7 12.5 12.6

Construction....................................... 889 933 940 943 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.9

Manufacturing..................................... 3,450 3,576 3,587 3,600 27.6 28.1 28.1 28.2

Durable goods.................................. 1,818 1,891 1,897 1,904 23.4 23.7 23.8 23.8

Nondurable goods............................. 1,632 1,685 1,690 1,696 34.5 35.4 35.4 35.5

Private service-providing........................... 55,633 56,686 56,742 56,874 53.1 53.4 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,032 11,169 11,160 11,164 40.0 40.1 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,749.4 1,797.6 1,795.4 1,800.8 29.5 29.9 29.9 29.9

Retail trade..................................... 7,879.0 7,918.8 7,905.1 7,893.6 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,276.6 1,323.6 1,330.9 1,341.3 24.5 24.7 24.8 24.8

Utilities........................................... 127.1 128.7 128.5 128.5 22.9 23.3 23.3 23.3

Information......................................... 1,101 1,090 1,090 1,093 39.5 39.4 39.5 39.5

Financial activities................................ 4,795 4,846 4,849 4,856 56.5 56.4 56.4 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,284 9,538 9,558 9,599 45.0 45.3 45.3 45.4

Education and health services.................. 17,938 18,307 18,335 18,376 76.9 77.1 77.1 77.2

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,408 8,610 8,621 8,651 52.0 52.6 52.7 52.7

Other services..................................... 3,075 3,126 3,129 3,135 53.0 53.2 53.2 53.3

Government............................................. 12,817 12,923 12,922 12,929 57.4 57.7 57.7 57.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Total private............................................................................... 102,980 104,624 104,720 104,942

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,497 14,899 14,919 14,986

Mining and logging.................................................................. 505 556 556 566

Construction.......................................................................... 5,220 5,409 5,419 5,437

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,772 8,934 8,944 8,983

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,332 5,482 5,494 5,524

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,440 3,452 3,450 3,459

Private service-providing.............................................................. 88,483 89,725 89,801 89,956

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,262 23,522 23,532 23,548

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,749.7 4,813.6 4,819.8 4,824.5

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,526.8 13,602.3 13,587.6 13,576.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,539.6 4,664.7 4,682.2 4,703.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.5 441.5 442.0 443.5

Information............................................................................ 2,243 2,230 2,222 2,231

Financial activities................................................................... 6,608 6,654 6,671 6,682

Professional and business services............................................... 16,846 17,208 17,238 17,280

Education and health services..................................................... 20,474 20,855 20,877 20,914

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,245 14,394 14,393 14,425

Other services........................................................................ 4,805 4,862 4,868 4,876

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.8 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.5 41.3 41.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.0 47.0 46.5 46.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.9 39.6 39.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.0 42.2 42.1 42.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.4 42.5 42.3 42.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.3 41.6 41.7 41.5

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.9 34.0 33.9 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 39.0 38.8 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 30.4 30.4 30.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 42.8 42.6 42.6

Information......................................................................... 35.8 35.6 35.6 35.5

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 37.1 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.4 35.2 35.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.9 24.8 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 30.6 30.8 30.8 31.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Total private............................................... $22.18 $22.76 $22.82 $22.89 $747.47 $769.29 $769.03 $771.39

Goods-producing....................................... 23.31 24.02 24.10 24.19 960.37 996.83 995.33 999.05

Mining and logging.................................. 27.45 28.55 28.93 28.89 1,262.70 1,341.85 1,345.25 1,349.16

Construction.......................................... 26.88 27.80 27.90 28.01 1,061.76 1,109.22 1,104.84 1,109.20

Manufacturing........................................ 21.05 21.54 21.61 21.68 884.10 908.99 909.78 912.73

Durable goods.................................... 22.03 22.53 22.60 22.64 934.07 957.53 955.98 959.94

Nondurable goods................................ 19.48 19.92 20.00 20.10 804.52 828.67 834.00 834.15

Private service-providing.............................. 21.94 22.50 22.55 22.61 710.86 731.25 730.62 732.56

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.42 20.02 20.08 20.16 658.34 680.68 680.71 681.41

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.72 25.34 25.55 25.58 964.08 988.26 991.34 989.95

Retail trade........................................ 15.36 15.99 16.00 16.07 465.41 486.10 486.40 485.31

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.52 21.96 22.01 22.09 824.22 841.07 840.78 843.84

Utilities............................................. 36.26 36.95 37.05 36.87 1,541.05 1,581.46 1,578.33 1,570.66

Information........................................... 30.86 31.97 32.22 32.43 1,104.79 1,138.13 1,147.03 1,151.27

Financial activities................................... 26.77 26.96 27.00 27.02 987.81 1,000.22 999.00 999.74

Professional and business services.............. 26.16 26.85 26.90 26.94 926.06 950.49 946.88 950.98

Education and health services..................... 23.15 23.72 23.72 23.77 745.43 763.78 763.78 765.39

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.49 13.94 14.00 14.05 334.55 347.11 347.20 348.44

Other services....................................... 20.33 20.66 20.73 20.78 622.10 636.33 638.48 644.18

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2018 -

Oct.

2018p

Oct.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Oct.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2018 -

Oct.

2018p

Total private..................................... 115.6 117.8 117.6 117.8 0.2 171.4 179.2 179.3 180.2 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 91.3 94.5 94.2 94.6 0.4 130.3 139.0 138.9 140.1 0.9

Mining and logging........................ 123.4 138.9 137.4 140.5 2.3 197.1 230.6 231.2 236.0 2.1

Construction................................ 103.2 108.1 107.4 107.8 0.4 149.8 162.2 161.9 163.0 0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 84.6 86.5 86.4 86.8 0.5 116.4 121.9 122.2 123.1 0.7

Durable goods........................... 85.0 87.6 87.3 88.0 0.8 116.9 123.2 123.2 124.4 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 83.7 84.6 84.8 84.6 -0.2 115.2 119.1 119.8 120.1 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 122.1 124.2 123.9 124.1 0.2 183.7 191.6 191.6 192.4 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 109.9 111.5 111.2 111.0 -0.2 152.3 159.2 159.3 159.6 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 109.1 110.6 110.1 110.0 -0.1 158.9 165.0 165.8 165.7 -0.1

Retail trade.............................. 103.7 104.7 104.6 103.8 -0.8 136.6 143.4 143.4 142.9 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 130.9 134.5 134.6 135.3 0.5 178.7 187.3 188.0 189.5 0.8

Utilities.................................... 96.8 96.6 96.3 96.6 0.3 146.6 149.0 148.9 148.7 -0.1

Information................................. 91.6 90.6 90.3 90.4 0.1 140.0 143.4 144.0 145.1 0.8

Financial activities......................... 114.8 116.2 116.2 116.4 0.2 189.1 192.8 193.0 193.5 0.3

Professional and business services..... 133.7 136.5 136.0 136.7 0.5 208.1 218.1 217.7 219.2 0.7

Education and health services........... 140.6 143.2 143.3 143.6 0.2 214.8 224.2 224.4 225.3 0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 129.4 131.3 130.7 131.0 0.2 198.2 207.8 207.9 209.1 0.6

Other services............................. 103.1 105.0 105.2 106.0 0.8 152.7 158.1 158.8 160.5 1.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.