For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, March 16, 2018 USDL-18-0377

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2018

The number of job openings increased to 6.3 million on the last business day of January, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 

5.6 million and 5.4 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and 

discharges rate were little changed at 2.2 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions. The release also includes 2017 annual estimates for hires and 

separations. The annual number of hires at 65.3 million and the annual number of quits at 38.2 million 

increased in 2017. The annual number of layoffs and discharges at 20.7 million edged up in 2017.

Job Openings

On the last business day of January, the job openings level increased to a series high of 6.3 million 

(+645,000). The job openings level increased for total private (+608,000) and edged up for government. 

The job openings rate increased to 4.1 percent in January. The number of job openings increased in 

professional and business services (+215,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+113,000), 

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

January 2015 - January 2018

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

Janaury 2015 - January 2018

Revisions to the JOLTS Data

Job openings, hires, and separations data have been revised to incorporate annual updates to the 

Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Job Openings and Labor Turnover

Survey (JOLTS) seasonal adjustment factors. See the revision section at the end of this release for 

more information.
- 2 -

construction (+101,000), and several other industries. The number of job openings increased in the 

South, Midwest, and West regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.6 million in January. The hires rate was little changed at 3.8

percent. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in 

federal government (+10,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.4 million total separations in January, little changed from December. The total 

separations rate in January was little changed at 3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little 

changed for total private and edged down for government. Total separations increased in health care and 

social assistance (+52,000) but decreased in federal government (-6,000). The number of total 

separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.3 million in January. The quits rate was little changed at 2.2

percent. Over the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. 

Quits increased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+13,000) but decreased in professional and 

business services (-71,000). The number of quits decreased in the West region. (See table 4.)

There were 1.8 million layoffs and discharges in January, little changed from December. The layoffs 

and discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent in January. The number of layoffs and discharges 

was little changed for total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level increased in 

health care and social assistance (+52,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all four 

regions. (See table 5.)

In January, the number of other separations increased for total nonfarm (+57,000) and for total private

(+56,000). The number of other separations was little changed for government. Other separations 

increased in retail trade (+26,000) but decreased in federal government (-4,000). Other separations 

increased in the West region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in January, hires totaled 65.4 million and 

separations totaled 63.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.1 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
- 3 -

Annual Levels and Rates 

Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. Annual levels for hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. Consistent with 

BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with 

the January news release each year. Note that annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month. 

In 2017, there were 65.3 million hires, an increase from 2016. Total separations (the sum of quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations) rose in 2017 to 63.0 million. Quits rose for the eighth 

consecutive year reaching 38.2 million in 2017 and comprised 61 percent of total separations. Layoffs 

and discharges edged up in 2017 to 20.7 million and comprised 33 percent of total separations. Other 

separations declined in 2017 to 4.2 million and comprised 7 percent of total separations. (See tables 13 

through 22.) 

The annual hires for 2017 was 44.5 percent of the annual average CES employment level. This rate has 

been trending upwards since 2009. The annual total separations rate for 2017 was 43.0 percent. The 

annual rates for the components of total separations were 26.0 percent for quits, 14.1 percent for layoffs 

and discharges, and 2.8 percent for other separations. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for February 2018 are scheduled to be 

released on Friday, April 13, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,444 5,667 6,312 5,460 5,524 5,583 5,224 5,314 5,409

Total private....................................... 4,970 5,143 5,751 5,108 5,173 5,244 4,880 4,959 5,079

Mining and logging1............................ 23 20 21 27 31 33 32 31 32

Construction1................................... 159 149 250 402 321 342 371 291 332

Manufacturing.................................. 365 374 427 308 348 360 293 337 352

Durable goods1.............................. 202 239 284 168 201 217 161 189 203

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 163 135 143 140 147 143 132 148 150

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 926 1,087 1,235 1,036 1,076 1,078 1,023 1,050 1,057

Wholesale trade1............................ 186 188 218 142 148 153 150 143 154

Retail trade................................... 553 707 711 686 698 715 676 686 704

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 187 192 305 209 230 209 198 221 199

Information1

..................................... 80 103 124 79 83 82 80 88 87

Financial activities.............................. 391 332 355 234 187 193 199 172 182

Finance and insurance..................... 251 253 267 161 122 125 137 121 121

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 140 79 88 73 65 68 62 51 61

Professional and business services......... 929 874 1,089 1,123 1,218 1,196 1,080 1,180 1,145

Education and health services............... 1,123 1,107 1,152 645 666 703 628 626 683

Educational services1

....................... 84 84 120 82 111 112 78 98 102

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,038 1,023 1,032 564 556 591 550 529 581

Leisure and hospitality........................ 736 902 889 1,012 1,021 1,053 954 981 1,015

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 82 90 87 153 153 167 130 142 157

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 654 812 802 859 869 886 824 839 858

Other services1................................. 237 196 210 241 222 205 220 204 194

Government....................................... 474 524 561 352 351 339 343 354 329

Federal1

......................................... 84 79 95 46 28 38 40 36 30

State and local................................. 390 445 467 306 322 301 303 319 300

State and local education.................. 143 165 176 153 167 149 151 165 153

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 247 280 291 153 155 152 153 153 147

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.6 3.7 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7

Total private....................................... 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.5 2.8 2.9 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.5

Construction1

................................... 2.3 2.1 3.4 5.8 4.5 4.8 5.4 4.1 4.7

Manufacturing.................................. 2.9 2.9 3.3 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.8

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.6 3.0 3.5 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.4 2.6

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.3 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6

Retail trade................................... 3.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.2 3.2 5.0 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.4

Information1

..................................... 2.8 3.6 4.3 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1

Financial activities.............................. 4.4 3.8 4.0 2.8 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.1

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 3.9 4.1 2.6 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 6.0 3.4 3.8 3.4 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.7

Professional and business services......... 4.4 4.1 5.0 5.5 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.5

Education and health services............... 4.7 4.5 4.7 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9

Educational services1

....................... 2.3 2.2 3.1 2.3 3.0 3.0 2.1 2.6 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.1 4.9 5.0 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.4 5.3 5.2 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.4 3.7 3.5 6.7 6.5 7.1 5.6 6.0 6.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.6 5.5 5.5 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.2

Other services1

................................. 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Government....................................... 2.1 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.9 2.7 3.3 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1

State and local................................. 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.6 3.0 3.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have 

been revised to reflect annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment 

survey, employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio adjusted to the 

CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The result is 

the revision of 21 months of not seasonally adjusted data. Additionally, new seasonal factors have been 

developed based on the full revised JOLTS series and have been applied to the data from January 2013

forward. Also effective with this release, JOLTS is adopting the 2017 version of the North American 

Industry Classification System (NAICS). Changes in the 2017 NAICS structure are minor and do not 

impact the published JOLTS data series. 

Tables B through G below present revised total nonfarm data for January through December 2017. The 

December 2017 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the 

final December estimates. Tables presenting revisions to total nonfarm data for January 2013 through 

December 2016 will be available later today on the JOLTS website. The website also contains all 

revised seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision tables and data can be 

accessed through the JOLTS homepage at www.bls.gov/jlt/.

Table B. Revisions in job openings data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2017

January............................ 5,625 5,444 -181 3.7 3.6 -0.1

February........................... 5,682 5,618 -64 3.8 3.7 -.1

March...............................5,785 5,607 -178 3.8 3.7 -.1

April.................................5,967 6,108 141 3.9 4.0 . 1

May................................. 5,702 5,688 -14 3.8 3.7 -.1

June................................ 6,116 6,125 9 4.0 4.0 . 0

July..................................6,140 6,200 60 4.0 4.1 . 1

August............................. 6,090 6,046 -44 4.0 4.0 . 0

September.........................6,177 6,231 54 4.0 4.1 . 1

October............................ 5,925 6,061 136 3.9 4.0 . 1

November.......................... 5,978 5,933 -45 3.9 3.9 . 0

December......................... 5,811 5,667 -144 3.8 3.7 -.1

Year and month
Table C. Revisions in hires data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2017

January............................ 5,424 5,460 36 3.7 3.7 0.0

February........................... 5,249 5,264 15 3.6 3.6 . 0

March...............................5,304 5,297 -7 3.6 3.6 . 0

April.................................5,043 5,225 182 3.5 3.6 . 1

May................................. 5,459 5,486 27 3.7 3.7 . 0

June................................ 5,432 5,467 35 3.7 3.7 . 0

July..................................5,521 5,506 -15 3.8 3.8 . 0

August............................. 5,420 5,514 94 3.7 3.8 . 1

September.........................5,320 5,383 63 3.6 3.7 . 1

October............................ 5,592 5,609 17 3.8 3.8 . 0

November.......................... 5,493 5,514 21 3.7 3.7 . 0

December......................... 5,488 5,524 36 3.7 3.7 . 0

Year and month

Table D. Revisions in total separations data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2017

January............................ 5,247 5,224 -23 3.6 3.6 0.0

February........................... 5,008 5,031 23 3.4 3.4 . 0

March...............................5,198 5,172 -26 3.6 3.5 -.1

April.................................5,008 5,111 103 3.4 3.5 . 1

May................................. 5,245 5,266 21 3.6 3.6 . 0

June................................ 5,309 5,296 -13 3.6 3.6 . 0

July..................................5,362 5,407 45 3.7 3.7 . 0

August............................. 5,273 5,346 73 3.6 3.6 . 0

September.........................5,244 5,344 100 3.6 3.6 . 0

October............................ 5,251 5,273 22 3.6 3.6 . 0

November.......................... 5,212 5,254 42 3.5 3.6 . 1

December......................... 5,238 5,314 76 3.6 3.6 . 0

Year and month
Table E. Revisions in quits data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2017

January............................ 3,186 3,169 -17 2.2 2.2 0.0

February........................... 3,036 3,018 -18 2.1 2.1 . 0

March...............................3,138 3,144 6 2.2 2.2 . 0

April.................................3,044 3,072 28 2.1 2.1 . 0

May................................. 3,206 3,227 21 2.2 2.2 . 0

June................................ 3,130 3,166 36 2.1 2.2 . 1

July..................................3,194 3,240 46 2.2 2.2 . 0

August............................. 3,093 3,173 80 2.1 2.2 . 1

September.........................3,180 3,256 76 2.2 2.2 . 0

October............................ 3,187 3,224 37 2.2 2.2 . 0

November.......................... 3,161 3,195 34 2.1 2.2 . 1

December......................... 3,259 3,340 81 2.2 2.3 . 1

Year and month

Table F. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2017

January............................ 1,659 1,659 0 1.1 1.1 0.0

February........................... 1,594 1,657 63 1.1 1.1 . 0

March...............................1,661 1,669 8 1.1 1.1 . 0

April.................................1,605 1,687 82 1.1 1.2 . 1

May................................. 1,673 1,689 16 1.1 1.2 . 1

June................................ 1,806 1,772 -34 1.2 1.2 . 0

July..................................1,789 1,817 28 1.2 1.2 . 0

August............................. 1,781 1,806 25 1.2 1.2 . 0

September.........................1,746 1,762 16 1.2 1.2 . 0

October............................ 1,693 1,712 19 1.2 1.2 . 0

November.......................... 1,725 1,735 10 1.2 1.2 . 0

December......................... 1,645 1,655 10 1.1 1.1 . 0

Year and month
Table G. Revisions in other separations data, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands) Rates

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

A s

previously

 published

As revised Difference

2017

January............................ 402 396 -6 0.3 0.3 0.0

February........................... 378 356 -22 . 3 . 2 -.1

March............................... 399 359 -40 . 3 . 2 -.1

April................................. 359 352 -7 . 2 . 2 . 0

May................................. 365 350 -15 . 2 . 2 . 0

June................................ 373 357 -16 . 3 . 2 -.1

July.................................. 379 350 -29 . 3 . 2 -.1

August............................. 398 367 -31 . 3 . 2 -.1

September......................... 318 327 9 . 2 . 2 . 0

October............................ 372 336 -36 . 3 . 2 -.1

November.......................... 326 325 -1 . 2 . 2 . 0

December......................... 334 318 -16 . 2 . 2 . 0

Year and month
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,444 6,231 6,061 5,933 5,667 6,312 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,970 5,726 5,515 5,427 5,143 5,751 3.9 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.4

Mining and logging3

....................... 23 25 28 19 20 21 3.5 3.5 3.9 2.7 2.8 2.9

Construction3............................... 159 179 233 225 149 250 2.3 2.5 3.2 3.1 2.1 3.4

Manufacturing.............................. 365 445 410 391 374 427 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.3

Durable goods3

.......................... 202 271 248 248 239 284 2.6 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.5

Nondurable goods3

...................... 163 174 162 143 135 143 3.4 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 926 1,158 1,031 1,187 1,087 1,235 3.3 4.0 3.6 4.1 3.8 4.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 186 202 152 168 188 218 3.1 3.3 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5

Retail trade............................... 553 688 655 853 707 711 3.4 4.2 4.0 5.1 4.3 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 187 267 223 166 192 305 3.2 4.4 3.7 2.8 3.2 5.0

Information3................................. 80 115 96 88 103 124 2.8 4.0 3.3 3.1 3.6 4.3

Financial activities......................... 391 387 365 349 332 355 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 251 318 254 271 253 267 3.9 4.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 140 69 111 77 79 88 6.0 3.0 4.8 3.4 3.4 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 929 1,222 1,084 976 874 1,089 4.4 5.6 5.0 4.5 4.1 5.0

Education and health services........... 1,123 1,124 1,127 1,095 1,107 1,152 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7

Educational services3

................... 84 87 93 100 84 120 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.2 3.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,038 1,037 1,034 995 1,023 1,032 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 736 786 850 865 902 889 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 82 90 82 77 90 87 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.7 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 654 695 768 789 812 802 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5

Other services3

............................. 237 286 292 234 196 210 4.0 4.7 4.8 3.9 3.3 3.5

Government................................... 474 505 546 506 524 561 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5

Federal3

..................................... 84 70 89 73 79 95 2.9 2.4 3.1 2.5 2.7 3.3

State and local............................. 390 435 457 432 445 467 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3

State and local education.............. 143 163 156 157 165 176 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 247 273 301 275 280 291 2.6 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.1

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 994 1,058 1,018 973 968 1,030 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.6

South........................................... 2,003 2,194 2,090 2,138 2,011 2,202 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,250 1,601 1,536 1,474 1,350 1,572 3.7 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.6

West............................................ 1,197 1,379 1,417 1,348 1,338 1,508 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.3

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,460 5,383 5,609 5,514 5,524 5,583 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,108 5,033 5,267 5,151 5,173 5,244 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 27 27 32 34 31 33 4.2 3.9 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.6

Construction................................ 402 387 372 357 321 342 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.5 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 308 330 343 344 348 360 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9

Durable goods........................... 168 190 195 197 201 217 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8

Nondurable goods....................... 140 140 148 146 147 143 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,036 1,040 1,059 1,058 1,076 1,078 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 142 134 156 142 148 153 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6

Retail trade............................... 686 691 693 698 698 715 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 209 214 210 218 230 209 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.6

Information.................................. 79 82 82 79 83 82 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.0

Financial activities......................... 234 191 235 192 187 193 2.8 2.3 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 161 123 158 125 122 125 2.6 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.9 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 73 68 77 67 65 68 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,123 1,161 1,141 1,156 1,218 1,196 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.8

Education and health services........... 645 635 679 691 666 703 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0

Educational services.................... 82 90 86 107 111 112 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.9 3.0 3.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 564 544 593 584 556 591 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,012 993 1,074 1,038 1,021 1,053 6.4 6.2 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 153 154 180 168 153 167 6.7 6.6 7.7 7.2 6.5 7.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 859 839 894 870 869 886 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.4

Other services.............................. 241 188 249 204 222 205 4.2 3.3 4.3 3.5 3.8 3.5

Government................................... 352 349 342 363 351 339 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 46 38 50 39 28 38 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.3

State and local............................. 306 312 292 324 322 301 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 153 145 153 162 167 149 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 153 167 139 162 155 152 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 902 820 932 808 790 830 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.0

South........................................... 2,072 2,156 2,283 2,264 2,221 2,281 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,227 1,188 1,153 1,167 1,219 1,205 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7

West............................................ 1,260 1,218 1,242 1,274 1,293 1,268 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,224 5,344 5,273 5,254 5,314 5,409 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,880 5,002 4,929 4,897 4,959 5,079 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 32 22 31 29 31 32 4.9 3.2 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.5

Construction................................ 371 375 344 330 291 332 5.4 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.1 4.7

Manufacturing.............................. 293 317 314 325 337 352 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

Durable goods........................... 161 181 177 177 189 203 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 132 136 137 148 148 150 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,023 991 1,014 1,015 1,050 1,057 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 150 119 138 121 143 154 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.6

Retail trade............................... 676 682 691 696 686 704 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 198 190 185 198 221 199 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.8 3.4

Information.................................. 80 99 81 73 88 87 2.9 3.6 2.9 2.6 3.2 3.1

Financial activities......................... 199 185 219 173 172 182 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 137 118 152 133 121 121 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 62 67 67 40 51 61 2.8 3.0 3.0 1.8 2.3 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,080 1,154 1,077 1,158 1,180 1,145 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.5

Education and health services........... 628 607 669 637 626 683 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.9

Educational services.................... 78 78 102 85 98 102 2.1 2.1 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 550 528 567 552 529 581 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 954 1,039 968 992 981 1,015 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 130 169 155 165 142 157 5.6 7.3 6.6 7.1 6.0 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 824 870 812 827 839 858 6.1 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2

Other services.............................. 220 212 212 166 204 194 3.8 3.7 3.7 2.8 3.5 3.3

Government................................... 343 342 343 357 354 329 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 40 39 43 39 36 30 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1

State and local............................. 303 304 301 318 319 300 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 151 134 158 156 165 153 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 153 170 142 162 153 147 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 815 869 815 830 771 839 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.1

South........................................... 1,981 2,077 2,156 2,169 2,116 2,157 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,208 1,174 1,137 1,096 1,164 1,168 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.6

West............................................ 1,220 1,224 1,165 1,159 1,263 1,245 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.7

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total............................................... 3,169 3,256 3,224 3,195 3,340 3,271 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,989 3,080 3,059 3,011 3,164 3,104 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5

Mining and logging......................... 12 15 19 15 17 21 1.9 2.2 2.7 2.2 2.5 2.9

Construction................................ 149 153 164 148 152 171 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 170 191 195 196 217 214 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Durable goods........................... 93 109 109 108 120 120 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

Nondurable goods....................... 77 82 86 88 97 94 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 661 634 666 629 682 661 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 98 86 98 84 101 90 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.5

Retail trade............................... 473 447 464 432 475 469 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 90 101 104 113 106 102 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8

Information.................................. 40 51 44 46 50 50 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8

Financial activities......................... 125 114 122 115 114 116 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 86 80 79 93 83 75 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 40 34 44 22 30 42 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.4 1.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 624 713 641 712 747 676 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.3

Education and health services........... 430 407 453 427 423 410 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7

Educational services.................... 44 45 50 50 52 52 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 386 361 403 377 370 358 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 655 665 646 652 676 682 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 63 52 63 64 64 77 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 592 613 583 588 611 605 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4

Other services3

............................. 123 137 109 71 87 103 2.1 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.8

Government................................... 180 176 166 184 176 167 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7

Federal...................................... 16 16 16 18 13 11 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 164 160 150 166 163 156 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 77 73 80 84 83 79 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 87 87 70 82 80 77 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 432 437 444 438 422 435 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,225 1,307 1,401 1,337 1,322 1,341 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5

Midwest........................................ 728 745 670 685 758 730 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2

West............................................ 783 766 709 735 837 765 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total............................................... 1,659 1,762 1,712 1,735 1,655 1,762 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,553 1,658 1,595 1,627 1,534 1,658 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 16 5 10 13 13 10 2.5 0.8 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.4

Construction................................ 189 209 160 174 127 147 2.8 3.0 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 99 105 100 106 101 110 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

Durable goods........................... 56 58 57 54 56 66 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 43 46 43 52 44 44 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 302 277 274 310 302 308 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 43 30 34 31 30 53 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9

Retail trade............................... 163 176 174 207 171 170 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 95 71 66 72 101 86 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.5

Information.................................. 26 37 33 21 29 28 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.0

Financial activities......................... 49 45 76 44 42 40 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5

Finance and insurance................. 30 19 54 27 24 23 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 19 26 22 17 18 17 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 385 411 376 387 394 428 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1

Education and health services........... 130 154 170 168 149 207 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9

Educational services.................... 29 31 45 33 39 44 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 101 123 125 136 111 163 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 273 347 295 318 273 296 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 61 112 90 96 75 78 2.7 4.8 3.8 4.1 3.2 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 212 235 205 221 198 218 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6

Other services.............................. 84 70 99 86 104 84 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.4

Government................................... 106 103 117 108 121 104 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 14 11 13 13 12 12 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 92 92 104 95 109 92 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local education.............. 50 35 53 47 58 50 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 42 57 51 48 51 42 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 317 379 306 331 287 343 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3

South........................................... 583 656 632 709 678 683 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

Midwest........................................ 411 349 397 345 336 363 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1

West............................................ 348 378 377 350 353 373 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total............................................... 396 327 336 325 318 375 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 338 264 276 260 261 317 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 3 2 2 1 1 2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Construction3

............................... 32 13 21 8 12 14 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 24 22 19 24 19 28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 14 11 15 12 17 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 12 8 8 9 7 11 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 60 80 74 77 66 88 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 8 4 6 6 13 11 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 39 59 53 57 39 65 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 13 18 15 13 14 11 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information3................................. 13 12 3 6 8 9 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Financial activities......................... 25 26 21 14 17 25 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 22 20 19 13 13 23 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 3 6 1 1 3 2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 71 29 59 58 39 41 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Education and health services........... 68 46 47 41 55 66 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Educational services3................... 6 2 8 2 7 6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 63 44 39 39 48 60 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 27 28 26 22 32 36 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 6 5 3 5 3 2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 21 23 24 17 29 35 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Other services3............................. 14 6 4 9 13 7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government................................... 57 63 61 65 57 58 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 12 14 8 11 7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2

State and local............................. 47 52 47 57 47 51 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local education.............. 24 26 25 24 25 24 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 23 26 22 33 22 28 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 66 53 64 61 61 61 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 174 114 123 124 115 133 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 68 79 70 66 70 75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 89 80 79 74 72 107 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS

seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,392 5,222 6,252 3.6 3.4 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,934 4,709 5,706 3.9 3.6 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 23 20 21 3.5 2.7 2.9

Construction....................................................... 159 149 250 2.4 2.1 3.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 365 374 427 2.9 2.9 3.3

Durable goods.................................................. 202 239 284 2.6 3.0 3.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 163 135 143 3.4 2.8 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 855 994 1,164 3.0 3.4 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 186 188 218 3.1 3.1 3.6

Retail trade..................................................... 483 614 640 3.0 3.6 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 187 192 305 3.2 3.1 5.0

Information........................................................ 80 103 124 2.8 3.6 4.3

Financial activities................................................ 409 323 372 4.7 3.7 4.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 270 244 284 4.2 3.7 4.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 140 79 88 6.2 3.4 3.9

Professional and business services............................ 935 767 1,090 4.5 3.6 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 1,225 1,064 1,254 5.1 4.3 5.1

Educational services.......................................... 84 84 120 2.4 2.1 3.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,140 980 1,134 5.6 4.7 5.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 646 719 796 4.1 4.3 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 80 66 82 3.8 3.0 3.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 567 653 713 4.1 4.6 5.1

Other services.................................................... 237 196 210 4.0 3.3 3.5

Government.......................................................... 458 513 546 2.0 2.2 2.4

Federal............................................................. 84 79 95 2.9 2.7 3.3

State and local.................................................... 374 434 452 1.9 2.1 2.3

State and local education..................................... 126 154 161 1.2 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 247 280 291 2.7 3.0 3.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 970 902 1,003 3.5 3.2 3.6

South................................................................. 1,985 1,836 2,185 3.7 3.3 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,204 1,255 1,524 3.7 3.7 4.5

West.................................................................. 1,233 1,228 1,540 3.6 3.5 4.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,249 4,111 5,368 3.7 2.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,939 3,899 5,070 4.1 3.1 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 33 19 39 5.2 2.7 5.7

Construction....................................................... 369 177 311 5.7 2.5 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 323 228 381 2.6 1.8 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 184 136 240 2.4 1.7 3.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 138 92 141 3.0 1.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 881 872 915 3.2 3.1 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 158 107 170 2.7 1.8 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 533 512 555 3.4 3.1 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 190 253 189 3.4 4.2 3.3

Information........................................................ 94 67 97 3.4 2.4 3.5

Financial activities................................................ 253 133 213 3.0 1.6 2.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 176 90 140 2.8 1.4 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 78 42 73 3.7 1.9 3.4

Professional and business services............................ 1,223 1,018 1,297 6.2 4.9 6.4

Education and health services.................................. 675 478 731 3.0 2.0 3.1

Educational services.......................................... 78 55 107 2.2 1.4 3.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 596 423 624 3.1 2.1 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 856 748 890 5.7 4.7 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 112 102 121 5.5 4.7 5.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 745 646 769 5.7 4.7 5.8

Other services.................................................... 231 159 195 4.1 2.7 3.4

Government.......................................................... 310 212 298 1.4 0.9 1.3

Federal............................................................. 42 24 35 1.5 0.8 1.2

State and local.................................................... 268 188 263 1.4 0.9 1.4

State and local education..................................... 145 88 143 1.4 0.8 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 122 101 120 1.4 1.1 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 816 588 752 3.1 2.2 2.8

South................................................................. 2,130 1,687 2,325 4.1 3.1 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,136 875 1,118 3.6 2.7 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,167 962 1,174 3.5 2.8 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,727 5,061 5,905 4.0 3.4 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,400 4,748 5,595 4.5 3.8 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 34 28 34 5.3 4.0 4.9

Construction....................................................... 402 303 351 6.2 4.3 5.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 290 283 351 2.4 2.3 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 169 154 214 2.2 2.0 2.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 121 129 136 2.6 2.7 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,384 1,096 1,422 5.1 3.9 5.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 160 123 166 2.7 2.1 2.8

Retail trade..................................................... 860 713 899 5.4 4.4 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 364 260 357 6.5 4.3 6.2

Information........................................................ 103 82 111 3.7 3.0 4.0

Financial activities................................................ 228 156 208 2.7 1.8 2.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 157 108 139 2.5 1.7 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 71 48 69 3.4 2.2 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,179 1,201 1,258 5.9 5.8 6.2

Education and health services.................................. 647 542 702 2.8 2.3 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 71 75 93 2.0 2.0 2.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 576 467 609 3.0 2.4 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 918 862 970 6.1 5.4 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 102 110 121 5.0 5.1 5.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 816 751 850 6.2 5.5 6.4

Other services.................................................... 214 196 188 3.8 3.4 3.3

Government.......................................................... 327 313 310 1.5 1.4 1.4

Federal............................................................. 70 34 55 2.5 1.2 2.0

State and local.................................................... 257 279 255 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local education..................................... 122 138 124 1.2 1.3 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 136 141 131 1.5 1.6 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 932 785 958 3.5 2.9 3.6

South................................................................. 2,139 1,925 2,322 4.1 3.5 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,353 1,147 1,294 4.3 3.5 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,303 1,203 1,331 4.0 3.5 4.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 3,146 2,930 3,237 2.2 2.0 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,989 2,793 3,092 2.5 2.2 2.5

Mining and logging............................................... 12 14 21 1.9 2.0 3.1

Construction....................................................... 133 116 153 2.1 1.7 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 157 160 199 1.3 1.3 1.6

Durable goods.................................................. 89 88 116 1.2 1.1 1.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 67 72 82 1.5 1.5 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 695 631 694 2.5 2.2 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 104 81 97 1.8 1.4 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 506 442 501 3.2 2.7 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 86 108 97 1.5 1.8 1.7

Information........................................................ 48 48 57 1.7 1.7 2.1

Financial activities................................................ 126 99 117 1.5 1.2 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 87 69 75 1.4 1.1 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 40 30 42 1.9 1.4 1.9

Professional and business services............................ 637 711 689 3.2 3.4 3.4

Education and health services.................................. 445 352 422 2.0 1.5 1.8

Educational services.......................................... 40 36 48 1.2 0.9 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 405 316 374 2.1 1.6 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 613 577 637 4.1 3.6 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 52 46 63 2.6 2.1 3.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 561 531 574 4.3 3.9 4.3

Other services.................................................... 123 87 103 2.2 1.5 1.8

Government.......................................................... 157 137 145 0.7 0.6 0.7

Federal............................................................. 17 11 12 0.6 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 140 126 134 0.7 0.6 0.7

State and local education..................................... 64 59 66 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 76 67 68 0.9 0.7 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 449 386 447 1.7 1.4 1.7

South................................................................. 1,223 1,115 1,330 2.3 2.1 2.5

Midwest............................................................... 696 670 701 2.2 2.0 2.2

West.................................................................. 777 759 760 2.4 2.2 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 2,121 1,817 2,218 1.5 1.2 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,017 1,696 2,118 1.7 1.3 1.7

Mining and logging............................................... 16 13 10 2.6 1.8 1.4

Construction....................................................... 236 175 184 3.7 2.5 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 105 104 118 0.9 0.8 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 63 54 75 0.8 0.7 1.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 42 50 43 0.9 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 608 406 609 2.2 1.4 2.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 43 30 53 0.7 0.5 0.9

Retail trade..................................................... 299 238 307 1.9 1.5 1.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 266 138 249 4.7 2.3 4.3

Information........................................................ 42 27 44 1.5 1.0 1.6

Financial activities................................................ 67 40 55 0.8 0.5 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 38 26 30 0.6 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 29 15 26 1.3 0.7 1.2

Professional and business services............................ 452 448 509 2.3 2.2 2.5

Education and health services.................................. 134 135 214 0.6 0.6 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 25 32 40 0.7 0.8 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 108 103 175 0.6 0.5 0.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 279 253 297 1.8 1.6 1.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 45 61 56 2.2 2.8 2.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 234 191 241 1.8 1.4 1.8

Other services.................................................... 78 96 78 1.4 1.7 1.4

Government.......................................................... 105 120 100 0.5 0.5 0.5

Federal............................................................. 35 11 31 1.2 0.4 1.1

State and local.................................................... 70 109 69 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local education..................................... 39 62 40 0.4 0.6 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 31 47 29 0.3 0.5 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 404 344 434 1.5 1.3 1.6

South................................................................. 723 688 835 1.4 1.3 1.6

Midwest............................................................... 561 411 491 1.8 1.3 1.5

West.................................................................. 433 373 458 1.3 1.1 1.4

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Jan.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 460 314 449 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 394 258 385 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 5 1 3 0.8 0.2 0.4

Construction....................................................... 32 12 14 0.5 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 29 19 34 0.2 0.2 0.3

Durable goods.................................................. 17 12 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 12 7 11 0.3 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 81 60 119 0.3 0.2 0.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 13 12 17 0.2 0.2 0.3

Retail trade..................................................... 56 33 90 0.4 0.2 0.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 13 14 11 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 13 8 9 0.5 0.3 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 35 16 37 0.4 0.2 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 32 13 35 0.5 0.2 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 3 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 90 41 60 0.5 0.2 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 68 55 66 0.3 0.2 0.3

Educational services.......................................... 6 7 6 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 63 48 60 0.3 0.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 27 32 36 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 6 3 2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 21 29 35 0.2 0.2 0.3

Other services.................................................... 14 13 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government.......................................................... 66 56 64 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal............................................................. 18 12 12 0.6 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 48 44 53 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local education..................................... 19 17 19 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 29 27 34 0.3 0.3 0.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 79 54 75 0.3 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 193 122 159 0.4 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 95 67 102 0.3 0.2 0.3

West.................................................................. 92 71 114 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual hires levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 54,297 58,629 62,027 63,240 65,259

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 50,866 54,985 57,899 58,936 61,122

Mining and logging........................................................ 354 398 300 290 377

Construction............................................................... 3,868 3,754 3,931 4,041 4,438

Manufacturing............................................................. 2,896 3,129 3,212 3,346 3,960

Durable goods.......................................................... 1,742 1,831 1,876 1,925 2,217

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,152 1,298 1,336 1,420 1,740

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 11,142 12,805 13,005 12,744 12,587

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,427 1,747 1,662 1,660 1,677

Retail trade.............................................................. 7,794 8,844 9,015 8,677 8,424

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 1,920 2,215 2,329 2,408 2,484

Information................................................................. 842 894 954 961 943

Financial activities......................................................... 2,412 2,315 2,366 2,350 2,481

Finance and insurance................................................ 1,585 1,513 1,588 1,549 1,622

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 827 806 776 798 856

Professional and business services.................................... 11,042 12,057 12,593 13,136 13,542

Education and health services.......................................... 6,430 6,869 7,425 7,674 7,968

Educational services................................................... 903 988 1,058 1,111 1,106

Health care and social assistance................................... 5,526 5,881 6,368 6,560 6,861

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 9,629 10,521 11,623 12,154 12,188

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1,566 1,763 1,813 1,910 1,959

Accommodation and food services................................... 8,064 8,757 9,810 10,245 10,228

Other services............................................................. 2,250 2,236 2,489 2,243 2,643

Government.................................................................. 3,434 3,646 4,130 4,303 4,138

Federal..................................................................... 373 393 491 487 456

State and local............................................................ 3,060 3,254 3,640 3,818 3,682

State and local education............................................. 1,565 1,545 1,809 1,867 1,798

State and local, excluding education................................ 1,495 1,709 1,834 1,947 1,883

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 8,508 8,871 9,747 10,030 10,406

South.......................................................................... 21,595 23,222 24,324 24,317 25,885

Midwest....................................................................... 11,882 13,089 13,846 14,187 14,308

West........................................................................... 12,315 13,446 14,110 14,701 14,663

1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual hires rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 39.8 42.2 43.7 43.8 44.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 44.4 47.0 48.3 48.3 49.2

Mining and logging........................................................ 41.0 44.7 36.9 43.4 55.6

Construction............................................................... 66.1 61.0 60.8 60.1 63.8

Manufacturing............................................................. 24.1 25.7 26.0 27.1 31.8

Durable goods.......................................................... 23.1 23.9 24.2 25.0 28.6

Nondurable goods...................................................... 25.8 28.8 29.2 30.6 37.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 43.1 48.5 48.4 46.8 45.8

Wholesale trade........................................................ 24.9 30.1 28.4 28.3 28.4

Retail trade.............................................................. 51.7 57.6 57.8 54.8 53.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 38.0 42.5 42.9 43.2 43.4

Information................................................................. 31.1 32.8 34.7 34.4 33.7

Financial activities......................................................... 30.6 29.0 29.1 28.4 29.3

Finance and insurance................................................ 26.9 25.5 26.3 25.2 25.9

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 41.4 39.4 37.2 37.3 39.1

Professional and business services.................................... 59.6 63.3 64.1 65.5 66.2

Education and health services.......................................... 30.5 32.0 33.7 33.9 34.4

Educational services................................................... 26.9 28.9 30.5 31.1 30.1

Health care and social assistance................................... 31.2 32.6 34.3 34.4 35.2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 67.6 71.6 76.7 77.6 75.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 77.1 83.8 83.7 84.8 84.3

Accommodation and food services................................... 66.0 69.5 75.5 76.4 74.5

Other services............................................................. 41.0 40.2 44.3 39.4 45.8

Government.................................................................. 15.7 16.7 18.7 19.4 18.5

Federal..................................................................... 13.5 14.4 17.8 17.4 16.3

State and local............................................................ 16.0 17.0 18.9 19.7 18.9

State and local education............................................. 15.4 15.1 17.6 18.1 17.3

State and local, excluding education................................ 16.8 19.1 20.4 21.4 20.6

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 33.4 34.4 37.2 37.8 38.6

South.......................................................................... 43.6 45.9 47.0 46.2 48.3

Midwest....................................................................... 38.7 42.1 43.8 44.4 44.1

West........................................................................... 40.1 42.6 43.6 44.4 43.5

1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual total separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 51,937 55,596 59,296 60,896 63,031

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 48,426 52,066 55,348 56,789 58,949

Mining and logging........................................................ 335 363 452 391 324

Construction............................................................... 3,644 3,436 3,593 3,900 4,180

Manufacturing............................................................. 2,774 2,923 3,148 3,360 3,782

Durable goods.......................................................... 1,651 1,667 1,878 1,984 2,106

Nondurable goods...................................................... 1,121 1,256 1,268 1,376 1,677

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 10,572 12,193 12,599 12,322 12,372

Wholesale trade........................................................ 1,369 1,665 1,646 1,631 1,612

Retail trade.............................................................. 7,388 8,559 8,833 8,477 8,413

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 1,812 1,971 2,120 2,215 2,347

Information................................................................. 805 880 925 914 979

Financial activities......................................................... 2,333 2,201 2,218 2,165 2,328

Finance and insurance................................................ 1,545 1,455 1,479 1,422 1,532

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 790 747 739 745 798

Professional and business services.................................... 10,503 11,430 12,080 12,810 13,121

Education and health services.......................................... 6,164 6,357 6,791 7,082 7,481

Educational services................................................... 860 890 981 1,018 1,007

Health care and social assistance................................... 5,304 5,465 5,811 6,062 6,474

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 9,135 10,103 11,102 11,670 11,852

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1,497 1,713 1,723 1,804 1,905

Accommodation and food services................................... 7,638 8,389 9,381 9,863 9,946

Other services............................................................. 2,163 2,180 2,435 2,176 2,529

Government.................................................................. 3,510 3,533 3,947 4,109 4,082

Federal..................................................................... 439 382 454 458 468

State and local............................................................ 3,073 3,151 3,492 3,651 3,612

State and local education............................................. 1,573 1,489 1,723 1,782 1,735

State and local, excluding education................................ 1,501 1,664 1,769 1,868 1,879

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 8,471 8,734 9,324 9,661 10,056

South.......................................................................... 20,349 21,937 23,416 23,540 24,995

Midwest....................................................................... 11,157 12,245 12,922 13,507 13,755

West........................................................................... 11,960 12,682 13,633 14,186 14,226

1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual total separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 38.1 40.0 41.8 42.2 43.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 42.3 44.5 46.2 46.5 47.4

Mining and logging........................................................ 38.8 40.7 55.6 58.5 47.8

Construction............................................................... 62.2 55.9 55.6 58.0 60.1

Manufacturing............................................................. 23.1 24.0 25.5 27.2 30.4

Durable goods.......................................................... 21.9 21.7 24.2 25.7 27.2

Nondurable goods...................................................... 25.1 27.8 27.7 29.7 35.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 40.9 46.2 46.9 45.2 45.0

Wholesale trade........................................................ 23.9 28.6 28.1 27.8 27.3

Retail trade.............................................................. 49.0 55.7 56.6 53.6 53.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 35.9 37.8 39.1 39.8 41.0

Information................................................................. 29.7 32.3 33.6 32.7 35.0

Financial activities......................................................... 29.6 27.6 27.3 26.1 27.5

Finance and insurance................................................ 26.2 24.5 24.5 23.1 24.4

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 39.5 36.5 35.4 34.8 36.5

Professional and business services.................................... 56.7 60.0 61.5 63.9 64.1

Education and health services.......................................... 29.2 29.7 30.8 31.3 32.3

Educational services................................................... 25.6 26.0 28.3 28.5 27.4

Health care and social assistance................................... 29.9 30.3 31.3 31.8 33.2

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 64.1 68.7 73.2 74.5 73.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 73.7 81.5 79.5 80.1 82.0

Accommodation and food services................................... 62.5 66.6 72.2 73.6 72.5

Other services............................................................. 39.4 39.2 43.3 38.2 43.8

Government.................................................................. 16.1 16.1 17.9 18.5 18.3

Federal..................................................................... 15.9 14.0 16.5 16.4 16.7

State and local............................................................ 16.1 16.5 18.1 18.8 18.5

State and local education............................................. 15.5 14.6 16.8 17.2 16.7

State and local, excluding education................................ 16.8 18.6 19.7 20.5 20.6

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 33.3 33.9 35.6 36.4 37.3

South.......................................................................... 41.1 43.4 45.3 44.7 46.7

Midwest....................................................................... 36.4 39.4 40.9 42.2 42.4

West........................................................................... 38.9 40.2 42.1 42.8 42.2

1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual quits levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 27,715 30,590 33,732 36,339 38,180

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 26,142 28,900 31,847 34,293 36,145

Mining and logging........................................................ 170 186 177 162 176

Construction............................................................... 1,189 1,307 1,366 1,495 1,821

Manufacturing............................................................. 1,316 1,449 1,637 1,792 2,296

Durable goods.......................................................... 744 800 936 1,004 1,260

Nondurable goods...................................................... 572 648 700 789 1,037

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 6,047 7,019 7,534 7,737 7,890

Wholesale trade........................................................ 713 906 934 1,009 1,031

Retail trade.............................................................. 4,459 5,153 5,485 5,575 5,617

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 875 961 1,114 1,156 1,242

Information................................................................. 428 488 503 487 534

Financial activities......................................................... 1,184 1,155 1,211 1,209 1,370

Finance and insurance................................................ 794 749 817 804 916

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 389 411 393 406 458

Professional and business services.................................... 5,280 5,616 6,280 7,330 7,710

Education and health services.......................................... 3,653 3,856 4,510 4,704 4,983

Educational services................................................... 393 449 529 562 557

Health care and social assistance................................... 3,260 3,406 3,981 4,142 4,426

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 5,708 6,551 7,276 8,084 7,933

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 576 624 658 853 781

Accommodation and food services................................... 5,130 5,929 6,615 7,232 7,155

Other services............................................................. 1,169 1,271 1,351 1,295 1,429

Government.................................................................. 1,575 1,687 1,883 2,047 2,034

Federal..................................................................... 136 123 150 162 189

State and local............................................................ 1,440 1,566 1,730 1,884 1,845

State and local education............................................. 746 752 867 915 908

State and local, excluding education................................ 693 813 863 967 939

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 3,865 4,165 4,752 5,005 5,310

South.......................................................................... 11,532 12,760 13,994 14,630 15,587

Midwest....................................................................... 6,233 6,821 7,423 8,080 8,282

West........................................................................... 6,089 6,843 7,564 8,626 8,997

1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual quits rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 20.3 22.0 23.8 25.2 26.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 22.8 24.7 26.6 28.1 29.1

Mining and logging........................................................ 19.7 20.9 21.8 24.3 26.0

Construction............................................................... 20.3 21.2 21.1 22.2 26.2

Manufacturing............................................................. 10.9 11.9 13.3 14.5 18.5

Durable goods.......................................................... 9.9 10.4 12.1 13.0 16.3

Nondurable goods...................................................... 12.8 14.4 15.3 17.0 22.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 23.4 26.6 28.0 28.4 28.7

Wholesale trade........................................................ 12.4 15.6 16.0 17.2 17.5

Retail trade.............................................................. 29.6 33.6 35.1 35.2 35.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 17.3 18.4 20.5 20.8 21.7

Information................................................................. 15.8 17.9 18.3 17.4 19.1

Financial activities......................................................... 15.0 14.5 14.9 14.6 16.2

Finance and insurance................................................ 13.5 12.6 13.5 13.1 14.6

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 19.5 20.1 18.8 19.0 20.9

Professional and business services.................................... 28.5 29.5 32.0 36.6 37.7

Education and health services.......................................... 17.3 18.0 20.5 20.8 21.5

Educational services................................................... 11.7 13.1 15.2 15.7 15.2

Health care and social assistance................................... 18.4 18.9 21.5 21.7 22.7

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 40.0 44.6 48.0 51.6 49.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 28.4 29.7 30.4 37.9 33.6

Accommodation and food services................................... 42.0 47.1 50.9 53.9 52.1

Other services............................................................. 21.3 22.8 24.0 22.8 24.7

Government.................................................................. 7.2 7.7 8.5 9.2 9.1

Federal..................................................................... 4.9 4.5 5.4 5.8 6.7

State and local............................................................ 7.5 8.2 9.0 9.7 9.5

State and local education............................................. 7.3 7.4 8.4 8.9 8.7

State and local, excluding education................................ 7.8 9.1 9.6 10.6 10.3

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 15.2 16.2 18.1 18.8 19.7

South.......................................................................... 23.3 25.2 27.1 27.8 29.1

Midwest....................................................................... 20.3 21.9 23.5 25.3 25.5

West........................................................................... 19.8 21.7 23.4 26.0 26.7

1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 19,889 20,402 20,963 20,152 20,676

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 18,737 19,333 19,665 18,822 19,351

Mining and logging........................................................ 140 139 241 175 119

Construction............................................................... 2,327 1,984 2,077 2,221 2,180

Manufacturing............................................................. 1,185 1,173 1,234 1,281 1,223

Durable goods.......................................................... 739 693 768 799 694

Nondurable goods...................................................... 444 481 463 483 529

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 3,550 3,899 3,836 3,468 3,565

Wholesale trade........................................................ 524 619 583 488 462

Retail trade.............................................................. 2,310 2,469 2,438 2,128 2,160

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 715 809 813 855 942

Information................................................................. 302 307 305 295 339

Financial activities......................................................... 722 673 700 663 655

Finance and insurance................................................ 406 401 416 378 363

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 316 271 284 284 291

Professional and business services.................................... 4,673 5,177 5,069 4,838 4,770

Education and health services.......................................... 1,937 2,004 1,733 1,918 1,940

Educational services................................................... 405 383 380 390 385

Health care and social assistance................................... 1,532 1,621 1,354 1,527 1,556

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 3,033 3,206 3,511 3,179 3,572

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 883 1,056 1,019 918 1,085

Accommodation and food services................................... 2,152 2,150 2,492 2,262 2,488

Other services............................................................. 868 770 960 790 987

Government.................................................................. 1,154 1,072 1,297 1,330 1,324

Federal..................................................................... 148 128 163 157 157

State and local............................................................ 1,006 943 1,134 1,173 1,169

State and local education............................................. 505 455 559 581 536

State and local, excluding education................................ 503 487 577 590 633

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 3,771 3,726 3,662 3,902 3,976

South.......................................................................... 7,223 7,366 7,616 7,171 7,876

Midwest....................................................................... 4,036 4,461 4,619 4,516 4,604

West........................................................................... 4,860 4,852 5,063 4,564 4,222

1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual layoffs and discharges rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.0 14.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 16.4 16.5 16.4 15.4 15.6

Mining and logging........................................................ 16.2 15.6 29.6 26.2 17.6

Construction............................................................... 39.7 32.3 32.1 33.0 31.3

Manufacturing............................................................. 9.9 9.6 10.0 10.4 9.8

Durable goods.......................................................... 9.8 9.0 9.9 10.4 9.0

Nondurable goods...................................................... 9.9 10.7 10.1 10.4 11.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 13.7 14.8 14.3 12.7 13.0

Wholesale trade........................................................ 9.1 10.6 10.0 8.3 7.8

Retail trade.............................................................. 15.3 16.1 15.6 13.4 13.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 14.2 15.5 15.0 15.3 16.5

Information................................................................. 11.2 11.3 11.1 10.5 12.1

Financial activities......................................................... 9.2 8.4 8.6 8.0 7.7

Finance and insurance................................................ 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.1 5.8

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 15.8 13.2 13.6 13.3 13.3

Professional and business services.................................... 25.2 27.2 25.8 24.1 23.3

Education and health services.......................................... 9.2 9.3 7.9 8.5 8.4

Educational services................................................... 12.1 11.2 10.9 10.9 10.5

Health care and social assistance................................... 8.6 9.0 7.3 8.0 8.0

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 21.3 21.8 23.2 20.3 22.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 43.5 50.2 47.0 40.8 46.7

Accommodation and food services................................... 17.6 17.1 19.2 16.9 18.1

Other services............................................................. 15.8 13.8 17.1 13.9 17.1

Government.................................................................. 5.3 4.9 5.9 6.0 5.9

Federal..................................................................... 5.3 4.7 5.9 5.6 5.6

State and local............................................................ 5.3 4.9 5.9 6.0 6.0

State and local education............................................. 5.0 4.5 5.4 5.6 5.2

State and local, excluding education................................ 5.6 5.4 6.4 6.5 6.9

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 14.8 14.5 14.0 14.7 14.8

South.......................................................................... 14.6 14.6 14.7 13.6 14.7

Midwest....................................................................... 13.2 14.3 14.6 14.1 14.2

West........................................................................... 15.8 15.4 15.6 13.8 12.5

1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 21. Annual other separations levels by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[in thousands]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 4,328 4,604 4,604 4,405 4,175

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 3,548 3,833 3,836 3,673 3,453

Mining and logging........................................................ 27 37 34 56 30

Construction............................................................... 128 142 150 184 175

Manufacturing............................................................. 274 303 278 287 264

Durable goods.......................................................... 167 174 174 180 153

Nondurable goods...................................................... 107 126 104 108 112

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 975 1,275 1,229 1,117 919

Wholesale trade........................................................ 132 138 129 137 118

Retail trade.............................................................. 622 938 910 773 633

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 222 199 188 206 166

Information................................................................. 75 89 119 133 107

Financial activities......................................................... 429 370 309 292 302

Finance and insurance................................................ 346 309 245 239 251

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 82 65 62 53 48

Professional and business services.................................... 549 637 729 643 639

Education and health services.......................................... 569 498 548 459 557

Educational services................................................... 60 60 70 64 63

Health care and social assistance................................... 509 439 477 396 494

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 395 347 317 407 349

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 37 36 45 36 43

Accommodation and food services................................... 354 309 272 373 305

Other services............................................................. 128 136 124 89 114

Government.................................................................. 782 772 767 734 722

Federal..................................................................... 155 129 143 138 123

State and local............................................................ 625 643 626 594 599

State and local education............................................. 323 280 296 285 292

State and local, excluding education................................ 304 363 331 308 305

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 834 839 911 755 768

South.......................................................................... 1,598 1,813 1,808 1,743 1,535

Midwest....................................................................... 891 962 880 909 867

West........................................................................... 1,010 991 1,008 996 1,007

1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 22. Annual other separations rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

[percent]

Industry and region 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total.............................................................................. 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.................................................................. 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.8

Mining and logging........................................................ 3.1 4.2 4.2 8.4 4.4

Construction............................................................... 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.5

Manufacturing............................................................. 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1

Durable goods.......................................................... 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0

Nondurable goods...................................................... 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities...................................... 3.8 4.8 4.6 4.1 3.3

Wholesale trade........................................................ 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.0

Retail trade.............................................................. 4.1 6.1 5.8 4.9 4.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities........................... 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.7 2.9

Information................................................................. 2.8 3.3 4.3 4.8 3.8

Financial activities......................................................... 5.4 4.6 3.8 3.5 3.6

Finance and insurance................................................ 5.9 5.2 4.1 3.9 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing................................... 4.1 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.2

Professional and business services.................................... 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.2 3.1

Education and health services.......................................... 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.4

Educational services................................................... 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7

Health care and social assistance................................... 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................................................... 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.9

Accommodation and food services................................... 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.2

Other services............................................................. 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.6 2.0

Government.................................................................. 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2

Federal..................................................................... 5.6 4.7 5.2 4.9 4.4

State and local............................................................ 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.1

State and local education............................................. 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8

State and local, excluding education................................ 3.4 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.3

REGION2

Northeast..................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.8 2.8

South.......................................................................... 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.3 2.9

Midwest....................................................................... 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.7

West........................................................................... 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0

1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.

2 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.