Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

Technical information: 

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-1049 

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ 

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release 

 http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, August 1, 2008. 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY 2008 

The unemployment rate rose to 5.7 percent, and nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down 

in July (-51,000), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment continued to fall in construction, manufacturing, and several service-providing industries, while health 

care and mining continued to add jobs. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent, over the 

month. 

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

Both the number of unemployed persons (8.8 million) and the unemployment rate (5.7 percent) rose in 

July. Over the past 12 months, the number of unemployed persons has increased by 1.6 million, and the 

unemployment rate has risen by 1.0 percentage point. (See table A-1.) 

Over the month, the unemployment rates for adult men (5.3 percent) and whites (5.1 percent) edged up 

while the rates for adult women (4.6 percent), blacks (9.7 percent), and Hispanics (7.4 percent) were little 

changed. The jobless rate for teenagers increased to 20.3 percent in July. The unemployment rate for Asians 

was 4.0 percent in July, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of reentrants to the labor force in July rose by 207,000 to 2.7 million. The number has increased by 623,000 over the past 12 months. The number of unemployed persons 

News United States 

Department 

of Labor 

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

August 2005 – July 2008

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

August 2005 – July 2008

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2006 2007 2008

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

2006 2007 2008
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 153,661 154,294 154,534 154,390 154,603 213

Employment ..................................... 146,070 146,089 146,046 145,891 145,819 -72

Unemployment .................................. 7,591 8,204 8,487 8,499 8,784 285

Not in labor force .................................. 79,146 79,117 78,871 79,237 79,261 24

All workers ......................................... 4.9 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.7 0.2

Adult men ........................................ 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.3 .2

Adult women ..................................... 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6 -.1

Teenagers ........................................ 16.8 17.4 18.7 18.1 20.3 2.2

White ............................................ 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.1 .2

Black or African American 

................... 8.8 9.1 9.7 9.2 9.7 .5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................. 6.5 7.2 6.9 7.7 7.4 -.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 137,917 p 137,716 137,717 p 137,666 p 137,615 p -51

Goods-producing 1.............................. 21,820 p 21,568 21,577 p 21,500 p 21,454 p -46

Construction .................................... 7,384 p 7,242 7,246 p 7,197 p 7,175 p -22

Manufacturing ............................... 13,690 p 13,566 13,571 p 13,536 p 13,501 p -35

Service-providing 1 ............................. 116,097 p 116,147 116,140 p 116,166 p 116,161 p -5

 Retail trade 2 ................................. 15,434 p 15,338 15,332 p 15,326 p 15,309 p -17

Professional and business service ........... 18,063 p 17,985 17,982 p 17,943 p 17,919 p -24

Education and health services ............... 18,664 p 18,817 18,820 p 18,875 p 18,914 p 39

Leisure and hospitality ...................... 13,660 p 13,685 13,679 p 13,686 p 13,687 p 1

Government .................................... 22,358 p 22,450 22,453 p 22,496 p 22,521 p 25

Total private ....................................... 33.7 p 33.7 33.7 p 33.7 p 33.6 p -0.1

Manufacturing .................................. 41.1 p 41.0 41.0 p 41.0 p 41.0 p .0

 Overtime ....................................... 4.0 p 3.9 3.9 p 3.8 p 3.8 p .0

Total private ........................................ 107.4 p 107.2 107.1 p 107.0 p 106.6 p -0.4

Average hourly earnings, total private ......... $17.81 p $17.95 $17.95 p $18.00 p $18.06 p $0.06

Average weekly earnings, total private ....... 600.80 p 605.40 604.92 p 606.60 p 606.82 p .22

I 2008 II 2008 May 2008 June 2008 July 2008

p = preliminary.

June-July 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 
3

who had lost their last job was about unchanged over the month at 4.4 million, but has risen by 778,000 over 

the year. (See table A-8.) 

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

The civilian labor force, at 154.6 million, was little changed in July, and the labor force participation 

rate remained at 66.1 percent. Total employment, at 145.8 million, was about the same as in June. The 

employment-population ratio, at 62.4 percent in July, was the same as in the prior month but was down from 

its most recent high of 63.4 percent in December 2006. (See table A-1.) 

In July, the number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons rose by 308,000 to 5.7 million and has risen by 1.4 million over the past 12 months. This category includes persons who indicated that 

they would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or they 

were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.) 

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in July, 

an increase of 197,000 over the past 12 months. These individuals wanted and were available for work and 

had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they 

had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 

461,000 discouraged workers in July, 94,000 more than a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.1 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in July had not searched for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) 

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down (-51,000) in July. Thus far in 2008, payroll 

employment has fallen by 463,000. Over the month, employment continued to decline in manufacturing, 

construction, employment services, wholesale trade, and the information industry. Health care and mining 

continued to add jobs over the month. (See table B-1.) 

Manufacturing employment fell by 35,000 in July, bringing losses over the past 12 months to 383,000. 

Over the month, job losses were widespread with notable declines in transportation equipment (-8,000), 

wood products (-4,000), and textile mills (-3,000). Machinery added 6,000 jobs over the month. 

Employment in construction was down by 22,000 in July. Construction has shed 557,000 jobs since its 

September 2006 employment peak, with nearly three-quarters of the decline occurring since October 2007. 

Nearly all of the July employment decrease came among specialty trade contractors (-20,000), with both the 

residential and nonresidential components contributing to the decline. 

Within professional and business services, employment services lost 34,000 jobs in July, with nearly all 

of the decline in temporary help services (-29,000). Since January 2008, employment in temporary help 

services has declined by 185,000. Computer systems design and related services added 7,000 jobs in July. 

Wholesale trade employment decreased by 17,000 over the month, with declines in both the durable and 

nondurable components. Since its peak in November 2007, wholesale trade has lost 57,000 jobs. 
4

Employment in the information industry declined by 13,000 in July and by 44,000 over the past 12 

months. Telecommunications lost 5,000 jobs in July. 

Over the month, employment in retail trade continued to trend down. Since its peak in March 2007, 

retail trade has lost 211,000 jobs. Employment in motor vehicle and parts dealers fell by 11,000 in July, 

bringing declines in that industry to 35,000 since January 2008. 

Employment in health care continued to increase with a gain of 33,000 in July. This industry has added 

368,000 jobs over the past 12 months. In July, there were job gains of 21,000 in ambulatory health care 

services and 10,000 in hospitals. 

In July, employment continued to grow in mining (10,000). Mining employment has expanded by 

222,000, or 45 percent, since reaching a low in April 2003. Most of this increase has occurred in oil and gas 

extraction and in support activities for this industry. 

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In July, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls 

fell by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek and factory overtime 

were unchanged over the month at 41.0 and 3.8 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.) 

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls 

fell by 0.4 percent in July to 106.6 (2002=100). The manufacturing index decreased by 0.1 percent to 91.6. 

(See table B-5.) 

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

In July, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls 

rose by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $18.06, seasonally adjusted. This followed gains of 6 cents in May and 5 

cents in June. Average weekly earnings, at $606.82, were about unchanged in July. Over the past 12 

months, average hourly earnings increased by 3.4 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 2.8 percent. 

(See tables B-3 and B-4.)

______________________________ 

The Employment Situation for August 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 5, 

at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). 
5

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of

error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the establishment

survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.

However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes

the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus,

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether

respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers

accounted for about 15 percent of the labor force in 2006 and about 47 percent of the net increase in the

labor force from 2000 to 2006.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional

information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment

survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate

additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly revisions,

please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates

to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual

benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the selfemployed?

While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
6

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total

nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve

that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new

firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the

survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance

benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially

counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or

by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000

(100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from

less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 231,958 233,627 233,864 231,958 232,995 233,198 233,405 233,627 233,864

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 154,871 155,582 156,300 153,182 153,784 153,957 154,534 154,390 154,603

 Participation rate ..................................................... 66.8 66.6 66.8 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.2 66.1 66.1

 Employed .................................................................... 147,315 146,649 146,867 146,045 145,969 146,331 146,046 145,891 145,819

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 63.5 62.8 62.8 63.0 62.6 62.7 62.6 62.4 62.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 7,556 8,933 9,433 7,137 7,815 7,626 8,487 8,499 8,784

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.9 5.7 6.0 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 77,087 78,045 77,564 78,776 79,211 79,241 78,871 79,237 79,261

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 4,900 5,374 5,213 4,773 4,730 4,755 4,766 4,888 4,997

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 112,222 113,029 113,154 112,222 112,695 112,803 112,912 113,029 113,154

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 83,383 83,432 84,113 82,124 82,184 82,256 82,602 82,528 82,889

 Participation rate ..................................................... 74.3 73.8 74.3 73.2 72.9 72.9 73.2 73.0 73.3

 Employed .................................................................... 79,542 78,614 78,991 78,237 77,948 78,038 77,954 77,794 77,823

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 70.9 69.6 69.8 69.7 69.2 69.2 69.0 68.8 68.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,841 4,818 5,122 3,887 4,236 4,218 4,648 4,734 5,066

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.6 5.8 6.1 4.7 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7 6.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 28,839 29,597 29,040 30,098 30,511 30,547 30,310 30,502 30,264

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 103,598 104,371 104,490 103,598 104,052 104,152 104,258 104,371 104,490

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 79,078 79,231 79,752 78,619 78,838 78,776 78,878 79,037 79,327

 Participation rate ..................................................... 76.3 75.9 76.3 75.9 75.8 75.6 75.7 75.7 75.9

 Employed .................................................................... 75,947 75,402 75,643 75,324 75,197 75,148 75,001 74,998 75,094

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 73.3 72.2 72.4 72.7 72.3 72.2 71.9 71.9 71.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,131 3,829 4,110 3,295 3,641 3,628 3,877 4,038 4,234

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.0 4.8 5.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 24,521 25,139 24,738 24,979 25,214 25,376 25,380 25,334 25,163

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 119,736 120,598 120,710 119,736 120,300 120,396 120,493 120,598 120,710

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 71,488 72,150 72,187 71,058 71,600 71,701 71,931 71,862 71,714

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.7 59.8 59.8 59.3 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.6 59.4

 Employed .................................................................... 67,773 68,035 67,876 67,808 68,021 68,293 68,092 68,097 67,996

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 56.6 56.4 56.2 56.6 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.5 56.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,715 4,115 4,311 3,250 3,579 3,408 3,839 3,765 3,718

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 5.2 5.7 6.0 4.6 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 48,248 48,448 48,523 48,679 48,700 48,694 48,562 48,735 48,996

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,367 112,183 112,290 111,367 111,902 111,990 112,083 112,183 112,290

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 67,293 68,227 68,072 67,566 68,159 68,176 68,390 68,446 68,303

 Participation rate ..................................................... 60.4 60.8 60.6 60.7 60.9 60.9 61.0 61.0 60.8

 Employed .................................................................... 64,184 64,904 64,526 64,792 65,055 65,260 65,138 65,238 65,167

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 57.6 57.9 57.5 58.2 58.1 58.3 58.1 58.2 58.0

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,110 3,323 3,546 2,774 3,104 2,916 3,252 3,208 3,135

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.6 4.9 5.2 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 44,073 43,956 44,218 43,801 43,743 43,814 43,693 43,737 43,988

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 16,993 17,073 17,084 16,993 17,041 17,056 17,064 17,073 17,084

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,500 8,124 8,476 6,997 6,787 7,005 7,266 6,907 6,973

 Participation rate ..................................................... 50.0 47.6 49.6 41.2 39.8 41.1 42.6 40.5 40.8

 Employed .................................................................... 7,184 6,343 6,698 5,930 5,717 5,923 5,907 5,655 5,558

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 42.3 37.1 39.2 34.9 33.5 34.7 34.6 33.1 32.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,316 1,781 1,777 1,067 1,070 1,082 1,358 1,253 1,415

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 15.5 21.9 21.0 15.3 15.8 15.4 18.7 18.1 20.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 8,493 8,950 8,608 9,996 10,254 10,051 9,798 10,166 10,110

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 188,312 189,428 189,587 188,312 189,019 189,147 189,281 189,428 189,587

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 126,102 126,674 127,164 124,945 125,190 125,171 125,762 125,704 125,971

 Participation rate ....................................................... 67.0 66.9 67.1 66.3 66.2 66.2 66.4 66.4 66.4

 Employed .................................................................... 120,635 120,191 120,357 119,713 119,574 119,667 119,661 119,518 119,542

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.1 63.4 63.5 63.6 63.3 63.3 63.2 63.1 63.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 5,468 6,483 6,807 5,232 5,616 5,504 6,101 6,186 6,428

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.3 5.1 5.4 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 62,210 62,753 62,422 63,368 63,829 63,975 63,519 63,724 63,616

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 65,424 65,578 66,010 65,200 65,342 65,183 65,392 65,402 65,789

 Participation rate ....................................................... 76.6 76.3 76.7 76.3 76.2 75.9 76.1 76.1 76.4

 Employed .................................................................... 63,122 62,803 63,055 62,736 62,665 62,507 62,491 62,447 62,695

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 73.9 73.0 73.3 73.4 73.1 72.8 72.7 72.6 72.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,302 2,775 2,956 2,464 2,677 2,676 2,901 2,955 3,094

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.5 4.2 4.5 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.7

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 53,638 54,346 54,186 53,935 54,264 54,211 54,400 54,562 54,424

 Participation rate ....................................................... 59.7 60.2 59.9 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.3 60.4 60.2

 Employed .................................................................... 51,415 51,969 51,637 51,968 52,061 52,182 52,177 52,282 52,184

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 57.2 57.5 57.1 57.9 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,223 2,376 2,549 1,967 2,202 2,029 2,223 2,280 2,240

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.1 4.4 4.7 3.6 4.1 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,040 6,750 6,968 5,809 5,584 5,777 5,971 5,740 5,758

 Participation rate ....................................................... 53.9 51.6 53.2 44.5 42.7 44.2 45.7 43.9 44.0

 Employed .................................................................... 6,098 5,419 5,665 5,009 4,848 4,978 4,993 4,789 4,664

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 46.7 41.4 43.3 38.4 37.1 38.1 38.2 36.6 35.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 942 1,332 1,303 800 736 799 978 951 1,094

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 13.4 19.7 18.7 13.8 13.2 13.8 16.4 16.6 19.0

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,498 27,816 27,854 27,498 27,709 27,746 27,780 27,816 27,854

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,895 17,926 18,097 17,593 17,702 17,753 17,742 17,716 17,767

 Participation rate ....................................................... 65.1 64.4 65.0 64.0 63.9 64.0 63.9 63.7 63.8

 Employed .................................................................... 16,307 16,165 16,132 16,172 16,116 16,234 16,029 16,085 16,040

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 59.3 58.1 57.9 58.8 58.2 58.5 57.7 57.8 57.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,588 1,760 1,965 1,421 1,586 1,520 1,713 1,632 1,726

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.9 9.8 10.9 8.1 9.0 8.6 9.7 9.2 9.7

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,603 9,891 9,757 9,905 10,007 9,992 10,038 10,100 10,088

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,039 8,051 8,067 7,960 7,922 7,945 7,909 7,997 7,979

 Participation rate ....................................................... 72.7 72.0 72.0 72.0 71.2 71.3 70.8 71.5 71.3

 Employed .................................................................... 7,423 7,292 7,223 7,359 7,255 7,278 7,202 7,254 7,184

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 67.1 65.2 64.5 66.5 65.2 65.3 64.5 64.9 64.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 617 760 844 601 667 667 707 742 795

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.7 9.4 10.5 7.6 8.4 8.4 8.9 9.3 10.0

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,896 8,987 9,019 8,867 9,016 9,038 9,008 8,973 8,985

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.5 64.4 64.5 64.3 64.8 64.9 64.6 64.3 64.3

 Employed .................................................................... 8,217 8,300 8,267 8,254 8,336 8,374 8,268 8,305 8,311

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 59.6 59.5 59.1 59.8 59.9 60.1 59.3 59.5 59.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 679 687 752 613 680 664 740 668 674

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.6 7.6 8.3 6.9 7.5 7.4 8.2 7.4 7.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 960 887 1,011 765 764 771 825 747 802

 Participation rate ....................................................... 36.3 33.1 37.7 28.9 28.7 28.9 30.9 27.9 30.0

 Employed .................................................................... 667 573 642 558 525 582 558 525 545

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 25.2 21.4 24.0 21.1 19.7 21.8 20.9 19.6 20.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 292 314 369 206 239 189 266 221 257

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 30.5 35.4 36.5 27.0 31.3 24.5 32.3 29.6 32.0

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,640 10,728 10,802 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,161 7,231 7,326 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 67.3 67.4 67.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,949 6,903 7,030 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.3 64.3 65.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 212 328 296 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.0 4.5 4.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,479 3,498 3,476 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 31,423 32,087 32,179 31,423 31,820 31,911 31,998 32,087 32,179

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,752 22,184 22,193 21,613 21,775 21,917 22,102 22,131 22,071

 Participation rate ....................................................... 69.2 69.1 69.0 68.8 68.4 68.7 69.1 69.0 68.6

 Employed .................................................................... 20,454 20,499 20,505 20,345 20,269 20,404 20,573 20,420 20,435

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.1 63.9 63.7 64.7 63.7 63.9 64.3 63.6 63.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,298 1,684 1,688 1,269 1,507 1,512 1,529 1,711 1,636

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.0 7.6 7.6 5.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.7 7.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,670 9,904 9,986 9,809 10,045 9,994 9,896 9,956 10,108

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,419 12,632 12,661 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 84.7 84.5 84.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,931 11,849 11,937 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 81.3 79.3 79.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 488 783 725 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.9 6.2 5.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,170 8,286 8,268 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 59.2 58.7 58.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,598 7,680 7,650 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 55.0 54.5 54.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 572 606 618 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.0 7.3 7.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,163 1,266 1,264 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 39.5 41.7 41.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 926 970 919 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 31.4 32.0 30.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 238 296 345 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 20.4 23.4 27.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 11,865 12,422 11,877 12,154 12,058 12,095 12,119 12,178 12,168

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.7 46.8 46.6 47.8 46.0 45.5 45.4 45.9 47.8

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,045 11,424 10,897 11,281 11,071 11,157 11,118 11,117 11,135

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 43.5 43.0 42.8 44.4 42.3 42.0 41.6 41.9 43.7

 Unemployed ................................................................. 821 998 980 874 986 938 1,001 1,061 1,033

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 6.9 8.0 8.3 7.2 8.2 7.8 8.3 8.7 8.5

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 37,798 37,875 38,248 38,473 37,952 37,926 38,323 38,170 38,872

 Participation rate ......................................................... 62.2 62.3 62.5 63.3 62.3 62.6 62.8 62.8 63.5

 Employed ...................................................................... 36,093 36,031 36,211 36,758 36,016 36,032 36,349 36,233 36,854

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 59.4 59.3 59.2 60.5 59.1 59.5 59.5 59.6 60.2

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,705 1,844 2,037 1,714 1,936 1,894 1,974 1,937 2,018

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.5 4.9 5.3 4.5 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 36,574 36,692 36,791 36,137 36,548 36,688 36,791 36,824 36,444

 Participation rate ......................................................... 72.0 71.7 71.7 71.1 72.1 72.2 72.4 71.9 71.1

 Employed ...................................................................... 35,221 35,117 35,035 34,848 35,142 35,271 35,219 35,264 34,813

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 69.3 68.6 68.3 68.6 69.3 69.4 69.3 68.9 67.9

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,353 1,575 1,756 1,288 1,405 1,417 1,572 1,559 1,631

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.7 4.3 4.8 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.5

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 44,295 44,677 44,955 44,452 45,459 45,309 44,566 44,993 45,071

 Participation rate ......................................................... 77.0 77.5 77.0 77.3 78.6 78.4 77.7 78.1 77.2

 Employed ...................................................................... 43,239 43,611 43,703 43,512 44,501 44,376 43,588 43,964 43,993

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 75.2 75.7 74.8 75.7 77.0 76.8 76.0 76.3 75.3

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,056 1,066 1,252 941 958 933 978 1,029 1,078

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,242 2,331 2,372 1,997 2,192 2,109 2,122 2,137 2,123

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,328 1,401 1,444 1,145 1,331 1,244 1,241 1,244 1,258

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 872 876 894 825 849 839 849 840 844

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 41 53 35 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 145,073 144,319 144,495 144,096 143,796 144,258 143,898 143,650 143,589

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 135,111 134,573 134,662 134,329 134,411 134,761 134,385 134,132 133,951

 Government ................................................................ 20,468 20,955 20,509 21,023 21,262 21,333 21,263 21,186 21,098

 Private industries ........................................................ 114,643 113,618 114,153 113,327 113,142 113,394 113,116 113,001 112,956

 Private households ................................................... 856 862 873 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 113,787 112,756 113,280 112,533 112,383 112,650 112,315 112,155 112,157

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,830 9,625 9,727 9,648 9,224 9,355 9,384 9,430 9,518

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 132 120 106 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,516 5,697 6,054 4,332 4,914 5,220 5,233 5,416 5,724

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,693 3,806 4,174 2,751 3,323 3,558 3,595 3,816 4,194

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,402 1,532 1,481 1,210 1,362 1,323 1,281 1,336 1,286

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 17,955 18,424 17,442 19,957 19,409 19,809 19,428 19,496 19,406

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,456 5,608 5,947 4,259 4,797 5,125 5,164 5,308 5,599

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,653 3,749 4,111 2,711 3,238 3,513 3,531 3,744 4,156

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,390 1,513 1,469 1,205 1,354 1,331 1,288 1,328 1,277

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 17,559 18,038 17,080 19,569 19,072 19,456 19,047 19,106 19,051

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 147,315 146,649 146,867 146,045 145,969 146,331 146,046 145,891 145,819

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 7,184 6,343 6,698 5,930 5,717 5,923 5,907 5,655 5,558

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 2,853 2,212 2,445 2,289 2,125 2,072 2,040 1,966 1,974

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 4,331 4,130 4,253 3,687 3,578 3,847 3,807 3,678 3,619

 20 years and over ......................................................... 140,131 140,307 140,169 140,116 140,252 140,408 140,139 140,236 140,261

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 14,533 14,123 14,323 13,913 13,657 13,761 13,704 13,720 13,724

 25 years and over ....................................................... 125,598 126,183 125,846 126,311 126,574 126,595 126,394 126,565 126,611

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 99,912 99,597 99,215 100,350 99,948 99,964 99,774 99,813 99,733

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,689 31,540 31,465 31,673 31,581 31,639 31,545 31,488 31,468

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 33,937 33,553 33,371 34,146 33,783 33,740 33,701 33,692 33,613

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,286 34,504 34,379 34,531 34,585 34,586 34,528 34,634 34,651

 55 years and over ..................................................... 25,686 26,586 26,631 25,961 26,626 26,631 26,620 26,751 26,879

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 79,542 78,614 78,991 78,237 77,948 78,038 77,954 77,794 77,823

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 3,595 3,212 3,348 2,914 2,751 2,890 2,953 2,795 2,729

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,439 1,106 1,215 1,106 971 937 990 938 931

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 2,156 2,106 2,133 1,812 1,780 1,948 1,946 1,879 1,799

 20 years and over ......................................................... 75,947 75,402 75,643 75,324 75,197 75,148 75,001 74,998 75,094

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,826 7,450 7,598 7,373 7,268 7,299 7,250 7,202 7,179

 25 years and over ....................................................... 68,121 67,952 68,045 67,986 67,938 67,809 67,742 67,832 67,952

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 54,430 53,714 53,755 54,253 53,847 53,678 53,652 53,605 53,643

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,706 17,367 17,370 17,558 17,255 17,321 17,309 17,298 17,245

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,607 18,154 18,147 18,556 18,359 18,180 18,147 18,133 18,122

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,117 18,193 18,237 18,139 18,233 18,177 18,196 18,174 18,276

 55 years and over ..................................................... 13,691 14,238 14,290 13,732 14,091 14,131 14,091 14,227 14,309

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 67,773 68,035 67,876 67,808 68,021 68,293 68,092 68,097 67,996

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 3,589 3,131 3,350 3,016 2,966 3,033 2,954 2,859 2,829

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,414 1,106 1,230 1,184 1,154 1,136 1,050 1,028 1,043

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 2,175 2,025 2,119 1,875 1,798 1,899 1,861 1,799 1,820

 20 years and over ......................................................... 64,184 64,904 64,526 64,792 65,055 65,260 65,138 65,238 65,167

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,707 6,673 6,725 6,541 6,389 6,463 6,454 6,518 6,544

 25 years and over ....................................................... 57,477 58,231 57,802 58,325 58,636 58,786 58,652 58,733 58,660

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 45,481 45,883 45,460 46,097 46,101 46,286 46,122 46,208 46,090

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 13,983 14,173 14,095 14,115 14,326 14,318 14,236 14,190 14,224

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,329 15,400 15,224 15,590 15,423 15,559 15,555 15,559 15,491

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,169 16,311 16,142 16,391 16,352 16,409 16,332 16,459 16,376

 55 years and over ..................................................... 11,995 12,348 12,341 12,228 12,535 12,500 12,529 12,525 12,570

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 46,211 45,897 46,034 46,307 45,961 45,964 45,862 45,911 46,120

Married women, spouse present .................................... 35,286 35,940 35,571 35,938 35,749 36,177 36,171 36,270 36,185

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,431 9,007 8,877 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 123,219 121,845 122,378 121,161 121,231 120,856 120,989 120,542 120,537

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 24,096 24,804 24,489 25,026 24,691 25,245 24,970 25,419 25,431

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,636 7,694 7,743 7,648 7,449 7,644 7,679 7,794 7,757

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 7,137 8,499 8,784 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,067 1,253 1,415 15.3 15.8 15.4 18.7 18.1 20.3

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 469 596 654 17.0 18.6 19.7 21.2 23.3 24.9

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 600 678 759 14.0 14.0 13.2 17.5 15.6 17.3

 20 years and over ......................................................... 6,069 7,247 7,369 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.9 5.0

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,291 1,535 1,567 8.5 9.3 8.9 10.4 10.1 10.2

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,841 5,639 5,848 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 3,972 4,704 4,826 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,527 1,798 1,862 4.6 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,327 1,545 1,614 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.6

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,117 1,361 1,349 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7

 55 years and over ..................................................... 857 919 1,014 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.6

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 3,887 4,734 5,066 4.7 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.7 6.1

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 592 695 833 16.9 17.8 16.9 20.7 19.9 23.4

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 264 333 387 19.3 22.0 22.2 23.3 26.2 29.4

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 330 387 447 15.4 15.2 14.5 19.6 17.1 19.9

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,295 4,038 4,234 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.3

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 749 904 940 9.2 10.3 9.9 11.0 11.2 11.6

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,568 3,072 3,308 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.6

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 2,086 2,574 2,759 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.9

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 801 986 1,114 4.4 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.4 6.1

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 689 863 925 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.9

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 596 725 720 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8

 55 years and over ..................................................... 482 497 549 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.7

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,250 3,765 3,718 4.6 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.2

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 476 557 583 13.6 13.8 14.0 16.6 16.3 17.1

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 205 262 267 14.8 15.5 17.5 19.0 20.3 20.4

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 270 292 312 12.6 12.8 11.8 15.2 13.9 14.6

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,774 3,208 3,135 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.6

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 542 631 627 7.7 8.1 7.7 9.6 8.8 8.7

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,273 2,567 2,540 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,885 2,130 2,067 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 726 812 749 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.0

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 638 682 689 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.4 4.2 4.3

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 521 636 629 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.7

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 434 439 550 3.5 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.4 4.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,267 1,426 1,523 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2

Married women, spouse present .................................... 1,061 1,256 1,240 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 687 768 820 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.9 8.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 5,869 7,050 7,327 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,334 1,442 1,486 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.4 5.5

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not 

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the 

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 3,730 4,201 4,562 3,629 4,154 4,014 4,282 4,370 4,407

On temporary layoff .................................................... 1,090 949 1,134 983 1,056 1,099 1,113 1,077 1,037

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,640 3,252 3,428 2,646 3,098 2,915 3,169 3,292 3,370

Permanent job losers .............................................. 1,861 2,341 2,512 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 779 912 916 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 856 818 904 823 781 850 870 833 861

Reentrants ...................................................................... 2,141 2,778 2,825 2,082 2,117 2,134 2,460 2,498 2,705

New entrants .................................................................. 829 1,136 1,142 602 681 624 828 748 811

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 49.4 47.0 48.4 50.8 53.7 52.7 50.7 51.7 50.2

On temporary layoff .................................................. 14.4 10.6 12.0 13.8 13.7 14.4 13.2 12.7 11.8

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 34.9 36.4 36.3 37.1 40.1 38.2 37.5 39.0 38.4

Job leavers ................................................................... 11.3 9.2 9.6 11.5 10.1 11.2 10.3 9.9 9.8

Reentrants .................................................................... 28.3 31.1 29.9 29.2 27.4 28.0 29.1 29.6 30.8

New entrants ................................................................ 11.0 12.7 12.1 8.4 8.8 8.2 9.8 8.9 9.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9

Job leavers ................................................................... .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7

New entrants ................................................................ .5 .7 .7 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 2,731 3,425 3,121 2,496 2,767 2,484 3,244 2,712 2,835

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 2,557 2,719 3,291 2,220 2,525 2,495 2,469 2,999 2,823

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 2,269 2,790 3,021 2,402 2,400 2,626 2,773 2,916 3,118

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 988 1,261 1,360 1,091 1,118 1,272 1,223 1,328 1,440

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,281 1,529 1,661 1,311 1,282 1,353 1,550 1,587 1,678

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 16.3 15.9 16.3 17.3 16.2 16.9 16.6 17.5 17.1

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 8.0 7.5 8.9 8.9 8.1 9.3 8.3 10.0 9.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 36.1 38.3 33.1 35.1 36.0 32.7 38.2 31.4 32.3

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 33.8 30.4 34.9 31.2 32.8 32.8 29.1 34.8 32.2

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 30.0 31.2 32.0 33.7 31.2 34.5 32.7 33.8 35.5

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 13.1 14.1 14.4 15.3 14.5 16.7 14.4 15.4 16.4

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 17.0 17.1 17.6 18.4 16.7 17.8 18.3 18.4 19.1

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

July

2007

July

2008

July

2007

July

2008

July

2007

July

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 147,315 146,867 7,556 9,433 4.9 6.0

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 50,954 52,655 1,315 1,585 2.5 2.9

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,696 22,596 385 593 1.7 2.6

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 29,259 30,059 930 992 3.1 3.2

Service occupations ....................................................................... 25,406 25,613 1,537 1,880 5.7 6.8

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 36,407 35,096 1,792 2,143 4.7 5.8

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 16,804 15,995 918 1,055 5.2 6.2

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,604 19,102 874 1,088 4.3 5.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 16,214 15,399 902 1,240 5.3 7.5

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 1,081 1,085 57 93 5.0 7.9

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,785 9,086 649 864 6.2 8.7

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,348 5,227 195 283 3.5 5.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 18,334 18,104 1,176 1,407 6.0 7.2

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,410 9,015 534 686 5.4 7.1

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,924 9,089 642 722 6.7 7.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

July

2007

July

2008

July

2007

July

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 7,556 9,433 4.9 6.0

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 5,659 7,050 4.7 5.8

 Mining ............................................................................................. 33 13 4.3 1.5

 Construction .................................................................................. 617 783 5.9 8.0

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 621 908 3.7 5.5

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 374 607 3.6 5.7

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 247 301 4.0 5.0

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 1,089 1,329 5.2 6.5

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 309 359 5.1 5.7

 Information ..................................................................................... 112 141 3.4 4.1

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 307 350 3.1 3.6

 Professional and business services ......................................... 743 866 5.2 6.1

 Education and health services .................................................. 665 776 3.5 3.9

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 920 1,172 7.3 8.8

 Other services ............................................................................... 243 352 3.8 5.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 40 125 3.1 8.5

Government workers ..................................................................... 704 770 3.3 3.6

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 324 345 2.9 3.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2007

June

2008

July

2008

July

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.9 5.7 6.0 4.7 5.1 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 5.1 6.0 6.3 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.8 6.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.7 6.7 7.0 5.5 5.9 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers 8.6 10.3 10.8 8.3 9.1 9.2 9.7 9.9 10.3

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

July

2007

July

2008

July

2007

July

2008

July

2007

July

2008

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 77,087 77,564 28,839 29,040 48,248 48,523

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 4,900 5,213 2,141 2,251 2,758 2,961

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,376 1,573 751 810 624 764

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 367 461 231 301 135 160

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 1,009 1,112 520 508 489 604

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,636 7,743 3,837 3,981 3,799 3,762

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.5

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 3,996 4,149 2,167 2,267 1,829 1,882

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,732 1,783 551 622 1,181 1,161

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 367 335 234 209 133 126

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,486 1,426 850 859 636 567

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 July 

2007

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

 July 

2007

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

Change

from:

June 2008-

July 2008p

Total nonfarm ............................. 137,410 138,405 138,694 137,236 137,682 137,831 137,764 137,717 137,666 137,615 -51

Total private ........................................ 116,464 115,578 116,234 115,929 115,512 115,454 115,363 115,264 115,170 115,094 -76

Goods-producing ............................................ 22,607 21,634 21,832 21,784 22,242 21,737 21,628 21,577 21,500 21,454 -46

Natural resources and mining .................................. 740 761 778 793 726 750 752 760 767 778 11

Logging ........................................................... 62.1 57.4 57.7 59.6 59.9 60.1 60.8 59.5 57.4 57.9 .5

Mining .................................................................... 677.8 703.7 719.8 733.5 666.3 689.7 690.9 700.6 709.6 719.9 10.3

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 148.4 158.1 162.8 165.7 146.3 155.2 154.2 158.3 160.5 162.8 2.3

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 233.0 234.0 238.0 239.8 225.4 226.2 225.8 229.6 230.4 231.7 1.3

Coal mining ...................................................... 78.2 80.3 81.4 81.5 77.4 79.2 79.3 80.5 80.8 80.7 -.1

Support activities for mining .............................. 296.4 311.6 319.0 328.0 294.6 308.3 310.9 312.7 318.7 325.4 6.7

Construction ............................................................. 7,941 7,306 7,425 7,459 7,632 7,343 7,284 7,246 7,197 7,175 -22

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,816.7 1,636.8 1,663.7 1,671.8 1,765.3 1,668.2 1,648.2 1,634.9 1,623.9 1,622.8 -1.1

Residential building ......................................... 984.3 857.7 872.8 873.1 953.1 875.5 863.9 855.5 849.9 844.7 -5.2

Nonresidential building .................................... 832.4 779.1 790.9 798.7 812.2 792.7 784.3 779.4 774.0 778.1 4.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 1,063.9 991.4 1,011.4 1,016.7 1,002.3 976.9 967.4 965.3 959.9 958.6 -1.3

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 5,060.3 4,677.9 4,749.6 4,770.6 4,863.9 4,697.5 4,668.0 4,645.6 4,613.3 4,593.6 -19.7

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,417.7 2,114.2 2,151.7 2,158.7 2,315.7 2,137.5 2,117.1 2,094.7 2,078.2 2,069.3 -8.9

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,642.6 2,563.7 2,597.9 2,611.9 2,548.2 2,560.0 2,550.9 2,550.9 2,535.1 2,524.3 -10.8

Manufacturing ........................................................... 13,926 13,567 13,629 13,532 13,884 13,644 13,592 13,571 13,536 13,501 -35

Production workers ....................................... 10,008 9,785 9,825 9,744 9,985 9,847 9,799 9,784 9,749 9,731 -18

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,816 8,602 8,635 8,550 8,817 8,652 8,607 8,594 8,575 8,558 -17

Production workers ....................................... 6,246 6,111 6,127 6,052 6,258 6,152 6,112 6,100 6,078 6,070 -8

Wood products ................................................... 533.0 483.1 484.7 482.8 523.4 492.9 490.9 482.4 477.6 473.7 -3.9

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 516.4 486.4 490.5 488.6 504.4 487.7 486.3 482.1 479.6 477.5 -2.1

Primary metals .................................................... 455.4 449.9 450.2 445.8 456.4 451.3 450.1 448.7 448.1 447.4 -.7

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,566.4 1,542.1 1,545.7 1,537.9 1,564.2 1,556.9 1,544.1 1,544.2 1,539.2 1,537.4 -1.8

Machinery ........................................................... 1,197.2 1,196.1 1,201.1 1,206.5 1,192.5 1,195.1 1,193.1 1,195.1 1,195.6 1,201.7 6.1

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,275.4 1,248.9 1,252.4 1,249.6 1,268.3 1,254.1 1,253.8 1,250.1 1,246.1 1,243.6 -2.5

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 187.1 186.0 185.9 186.7 186.2 186.0 186.7 186.2 184.3 185.6 1.3

Communications equipment ........................... 127.7 130.8 132.3 129.8 127.5 129.4 130.9 130.4 131.5 129.6 -1.9

Semiconductors and electronic components . 447.5 424.5 424.4 424.6 443.7 428.7 426.7 424.2 422.1 421.9 -.2

Electronic instruments ..................................... 445.4 444.8 446.4 445.5 443.1 446.2 445.7 445.6 444.6 443.4 -1.2

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 429.2 421.5 425.0 425.2 427.7 419.9 421.5 422.1 422.7 423.5 .8

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,667.8 1,642.6 1,649.0 1,591.4 1,704.7 1,651.1 1,630.6 1,636.8 1,637.1 1,628.8 -8.3

Motor vehicles and parts2................................. 952.9 914.4 916.5 864.4 991.7 927.3 908.6 908.4 908.3 905.3 -3.0

Furniture and related products .......................... 537.2 503.2 505.9 499.6 536.1 511.2 506.4 503.5 501.6 499.3 -2.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 637.8 628.5 630.0 622.5 639.5 632.0 630.2 629.1 627.0 624.9 -2.1

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,110 4,965 4,994 4,982 5,067 4,992 4,985 4,977 4,961 4,943 -18

Production workers ....................................... 3,762 3,674 3,698 3,692 3,727 3,695 3,687 3,684 3,671 3,661 -10

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,514.5 1,455.1 1,476.4 1,490.1 1,488.8 1,477.0 1,473.8 1,473.5 1,471.8 1,467.6 -4.2

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 202.2 192.7 196.6 198.7 197.0 190.8 193.3 193.7 193.0 193.0 .0

Textile mills ......................................................... 167.5 156.1 153.7 148.5 168.1 158.7 156.4 155.1 152.0 149.4 -2.6

Textile product mills ........................................... 157.5 152.5 150.0 147.9 157.1 153.3 152.2 151.0 149.2 148.0 -1.2

Apparel ................................................................ 212.9 197.7 199.1 194.8 212.8 198.1 198.0 196.6 195.5 194.4 -1.1

Leather and allied products ............................... 32.5 34.1 34.8 32.8 33.1 33.5 33.9 33.7 34.3 33.4 -.9

Paper and paper products ................................. 462.1 457.3 459.0 458.8 459.8 457.9 458.4 458.1 456.8 456.6 -.2

Printing and related support activities ............... 624.1 608.2 604.7 598.7 623.3 614.2 611.7 607.3 601.7 598.5 -3.2

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 115.6 115.3 116.9 118.1 112.5 112.2 112.2 113.4 114.0 114.6 .6

Chemicals ........................................................... 868.3 861.5 867.3 865.0 862.5 860.5 861.3 861.6 861.3 859.2 -2.1

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 752.4 734.8 735.9 728.1 752.4 735.6 734.1 732.8 731.1 728.2 -2.9

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 July 

2007

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

 July 

2007

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

Change

from:

June 2008-

July 2008p

Service-providing .............................................. 114,803 116,771 116,862 115,452 115,440 116,094 116,136 116,140 116,166 116,161 -5

Private service-providing ............................... 93,857 93,944 94,402 94,145 93,270 93,717 93,735 93,687 93,670 93,640 -30

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,610 26,396 26,478 26,367 26,617 26,552 26,496 26,451 26,436 26,397 -39

Wholesale trade .................................................... 6,076.6 6,050.2 6,073.4 6,052.0 6,040.7 6,054.3 6,043.9 6,038.4 6,035.3 6,018.4 -16.9

Durable goods .................................................... 3,159.9 3,112.4 3,123.2 3,115.0 3,140.2 3,127.8 3,118.1 3,109.8 3,105.4 3,097.3 -8.1

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,082.7 2,096.8 2,103.5 2,092.0 2,069.2 2,087.5 2,086.9 2,089.3 2,088.0 2,078.7 -9.3

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 834.0 841.0 846.7 845.0 831.3 839.0 838.9 839.3 841.9 842.4 .5

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,478.0 15,244.0 15,303.4 15,279.8 15,489.1 15,401.4 15,355.7 15,331.8 15,325.5 15,309.0 -16.5

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,929.2 1,906.1 1,903.6 1,890.1 1,911.9 1,901.5 1,897.6 1,892.9 1,885.6 1,875.0 -10.6

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,251.9 1,228.9 1,224.0 1,214.8 1,244.7 1,233.7 1,228.8 1,224.2 1,217.4 1,209.0 -8.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 570.2 560.7 561.3 559.3 577.7 570.6 569.0 568.5 568.2 567.9 -.3

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 536.3 529.2 527.6 527.2 545.0 535.0 534.7 539.3 535.8 536.9 1.1

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,351.1 1,307.1 1,296.5 1,273.0 1,307.3 1,250.8 1,240.5 1,240.3 1,236.1 1,230.6 -5.5

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,862.6 2,877.7 2,897.1 2,895.1 2,847.1 2,890.1 2,882.4 2,880.7 2,881.6 2,882.3 .7

Health and personal care stores ....................... 982.8 987.0 993.2 982.8 985.6 993.9 993.4 990.9 990.7 988.6 -2.1

Gasoline stations ................................................ 873.2 839.4 854.2 855.8 861.5 852.6 847.4 841.2 844.9 844.2 -.7

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,499.4 1,446.4 1,463.1 1,495.1 1,496.7 1,498.9 1,495.4 1,494.5 1,496.2 1,496.9 .7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 639.4 636.7 632.7 624.7 660.5 658.6 651.5 653.2 651.1 648.2 -2.9

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,939.4 2,866.1 2,894.7 2,898.3 2,987.0 2,943.9 2,939.0 2,928.5 2,939.3 2,943.2 3.9

Department stores .......................................... 1,540.7 1,465.9 1,474.4 1,471.6 1,580.1 1,534.3 1,528.1 1,514.7 1,514.2 1,512.0 -2.2

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 872.7 859.9 860.2 860.6 871.3 862.8 863.3 860.8 858.6 859.2 .6

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 421.7 427.7 419.2 417.8 437.5 442.7 441.5 441.0 437.4 436.0 -1.4

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,496.3 4,543.2 4,539.4 4,472.2 4,533.0 4,537.7 4,538.3 4,524.1 4,517.7 4,511.9 -5.8

Air transportation ................................................ 496.0 502.1 502.6 500.3 493.4 507.5 504.5 501.3 499.4 498.5 -.9

Rail transportation .............................................. 235.3 234.0 234.4 235.2 234.4 233.7 233.5 233.0 233.0 234.4 1.4

Water transportation ........................................... 67.6 61.9 64.0 63.4 65.0 61.6 62.3 61.3 61.8 61.1 -.7

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,454.0 1,413.0 1,418.7 1,409.4 1,437.4 1,420.4 1,415.2 1,409.8 1,399.2 1,394.1 -5.1

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 349.3 432.2 414.3 354.3 411.0 412.9 418.3 412.9 416.8 415.6 -1.2

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 40.3 42.1 43.0 43.6 40.0 41.2 41.3 42.2 42.7 43.2 .5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 37.8 32.9 36.9 39.5 28.9 31.7 31.3 31.1 31.0 30.6 -.4

Support activities for transportation ................... 584.0 589.2 589.3 587.1 583.7 586.3 588.2 587.1 586.6 586.9 .3

Couriers and messengers .................................. 575.7 581.4 583.3 583.2 580.1 585.3 585.0 587.2 588.1 588.8 .7

Warehousing and storage .................................. 656.3 654.4 652.9 656.2 659.1 657.1 658.7 658.2 659.1 658.7 -.4

Utilities ................................................................... 559.3 558.2 562.0 563.1 554.3 558.2 557.7 557.1 557.6 557.8 .2

Information ................................................................ 3,041 3,011 3,022 2,993 3,027 3,013 3,007 3,002 2,996 2,983 -13

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 902.0 876.7 878.5 876.5 898.7 882.9 882.8 879.7 877.0 873.6 -3.4

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 386.3 388.2 396.8 381.8 377.9 383.0 382.5 380.9 380.2 375.5 -4.7

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 326.0 321.4 320.2 320.5 325.1 322.5 320.8 321.2 319.8 320.2 .4

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,026.8 1,018.4 1,021.2 1,013.2 1,026.6 1,020.1 1,018.0 1,017.7 1,018.1 1,012.9 -5.2

Data processing, hosting and related services . 273.1 275.8 273.5 269.9 272.8 272.3 272.2 272.1 271.3 270.5 -.8

Other information services ................................. 127.1 130.4 131.3 130.9 126.3 131.9 130.7 130.1 130.0 130.2 .2

Financial activities .................................................... 8,401 8,227 8,273 8,285 8,331 8,231 8,229 8,226 8,213 8,213 0

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,189.6 6,096.7 6,106.5 6,108.5 6,165.8 6,103.4 6,103.8 6,098.8 6,086.7 6,084.6 -2.1

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 21.1 21.1 21.0 21.1 20.8 20.9 21.1 21.0 20.9 20.9 .0

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,905.3 2,803.7 2,801.6 2,800.1 2,892.3 2,811.8 2,807.9 2,800.5 2,792.3 2,788.5 -3.8

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,832.6 1,819.7 1,822.2 1,825.4 1,823.8 1,821.6 1,822.9 1,820.6 1,818.4 1,817.3 -1.1

Commercial banking .................................... 1,353.3 1,343.0 1,347.3 1,348.8 1,346.7 1,343.4 1,344.2 1,343.4 1,343.2 1,342.5 -.7

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 852.5 863.4 870.0 867.4 851.2 865.8 867.2 866.6 866.2 865.2 -1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,323.1 2,321.5 2,326.1 2,331.8 2,314.2 2,318.4 2,319.7 2,323.2 2,319.5 2,322.3 2.8

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 87.6 87.0 87.8 88.1 87.3 86.5 87.9 87.5 87.8 87.7 -.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,211.0 2,130.3 2,166.4 2,176.1 2,165.4 2,127.8 2,124.9 2,127.3 2,126.2 2,128.5 2.3

Real estate .......................................................... 1,521.3 1,466.7 1,492.0 1,491.3 1,493.8 1,465.0 1,465.7 1,466.4 1,465.7 1,463.3 -2.4

Rental and leasing services ............................... 658.9 632.7 642.3 651.6 641.4 631.1 627.4 629.5 628.6 632.8 4.2

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 30.8 30.9 32.1 33.2 30.2 31.7 31.8 31.4 31.9 32.4 .5

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 July 

2007

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

 July 

2007

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

Change

from:

June 2008-

July 2008p

Professional and business services ........................ 18,086 17,983 18,100 18,017 17,958 18,014 18,031 17,982 17,943 17,919 -24

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,649.6 7,775.1 7,836.5 7,839.9 7,664.2 7,823.5 7,845.6 7,839.1 7,856.3 7,866.8 10.5

Legal services .................................................. 1,188.1 1,169.1 1,189.1 1,188.0 1,173.7 1,172.6 1,172.5 1,172.2 1,172.7 1,173.3 .6

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 872.7 919.7 909.6 893.8 947.8 983.3 986.1 973.8 977.5 977.8 .3

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,461.5 1,463.3 1,485.2 1,495.6 1,436.5 1,461.8 1,464.9 1,464.9 1,469.3 1,471.4 2.1

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,369.0 1,407.3 1,414.3 1,421.7 1,366.8 1,391.3 1,403.9 1,408.9 1,412.2 1,419.3 7.1

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 952.1 1,006.0 1,015.3 1,024.1 946.6 997.0 1,001.3 1,006.9 1,015.2 1,019.3 4.1

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,859.9 1,832.6 1,848.2 1,843.1 1,845.0 1,839.7 1,841.0 1,836.4 1,836.8 1,832.8 -4.0

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,576.2 8,375.1 8,415.1 8,334.2 8,448.6 8,351.2 8,344.4 8,306.0 8,250.0 8,219.6 -30.4

1 Administrative and support services ................. 8,211.3 8,008.1 8,042.8 7,960.1 8,092.2 7,987.3 7,978.9 7,939.8 7,883.9 7,853.4 -30.5

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,585.7 3,400.9 3,391.5 3,321.7 3,584.6 3,483.7 3,462.2 3,421.8 3,366.2 3,332.0 -34.2

Temporary help services ............................. 2,589.2 2,437.6 2,437.7 2,372.5 2,596.5 2,506.0 2,487.1 2,451.6 2,418.6 2,389.6 -29.0

Business support services .............................. 798.7 790.7 782.4 777.5 805.5 794.1 792.8 789.2 786.9 786.3 -.6

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,977.2 1,949.3 1,996.8 1,990.6 1,854.9 1,857.3 1,864.6 1,865.9 1,869.3 1,867.9 -1.4

Waste management and remediation services 364.9 367.0 372.3 374.1 356.4 363.9 365.5 366.2 366.1 366.2 .1

Education and health services ................................ 18,012 18,868 18,686 18,564 18,360 18,709 18,757 18,820 18,875 18,914 39

Educational services ............................................. 2,627.4 3,076.2 2,858.2 2,747.3 2,962.7 3,018.6 3,030.5 3,047.3 3,080.8 3,086.1 5.3

Health care and social assistance ........................15,384.9 15,791.7 15,828.2 15,817.0 15,396.8 15,690.5 15,726.1 15,772.4 15,794.0 15,828.3 34.3

3 Health care ......................................................... 12,992.6 13,261.0 13,331.4 13,366.2 12,963.8 13,202.3 13,236.3 13,274.7 13,299.0 13,331.9 32.9

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,485.0 5,648.2 5,679.8 5,692.9 5,484.7 5,612.5 5,632.8 5,649.9 5,667.3 5,688.5 21.2

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,204.5 2,260.9 2,274.8 2,280.3 2,204.7 2,251.7 2,259.6 2,265.2 2,272.8 2,279.3 6.5

Outpatient care centers ................................ 504.4 516.8 516.8 520.7 505.0 511.9 514.9 516.6 516.8 520.6 3.8

Home health care services .......................... 917.6 949.7 957.2 960.6 917.7 943.3 946.1 951.0 954.6 959.6 5.0

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,544.4 4,625.8 4,650.7 4,672.9 4,524.2 4,606.4 4,616.2 4,635.0 4,640.2 4,650.6 10.4

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 2,963.2 2,987.0 3,000.9 3,000.4 2,954.9 2,983.4 2,987.3 2,989.8 2,991.5 2,992.8 1.3

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,604.2 1,610.4 1,615.1 1,613.3 1,602.2 1,609.6 1,610.7 1,612.1 1,611.7 1,611.8 .1

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,392.3 2,530.7 2,496.8 2,450.8 2,433.0 2,488.2 2,489.8 2,497.7 2,495.0 2,496.4 1.4

Child day care services ................................... 802.7 884.5 843.1 795.6 847.7 861.8 858.1 860.2 850.5 845.5 -5.0

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 14,142 13,906 14,248 14,328 13,476 13,676 13,690 13,679 13,686 13,687 1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 2,274.9 2,096.7 2,261.2 2,304.4 1,968.8 2,025.7 2,021.1 2,013.1 2,008.2 2,005.5 -2.7

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 432.9 457.4 466.3 460.3 405.8 433.9 436.4 434.7 436.8 434.9 -1.9

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 146.5 138.9 144.2 145.5 131.9 133.4 132.6 133.9 132.1 131.5 -.6

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,695.5 1,500.4 1,650.7 1,698.6 1,431.1 1,458.4 1,452.1 1,444.5 1,439.3 1,439.1 -.2

Accommodation and food services ...................... 11,867.3 11,808.8 11,986.7 12,023.4 11,507.0 11,650.7 11,668.7 11,665.8 11,677.4 11,681.1 3.7

Accommodation .................................................. 1,995.7 1,851.3 1,928.4 1,990.9 1,853.6 1,849.4 1,853.0 1,849.0 1,849.2 1,849.7 .5

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,871.6 9,957.5 10,058.3 10,032.5 9,653.4 9,801.3 9,815.7 9,816.8 9,828.2 9,831.4 3.2

Other services .......................................................... 5,565 5,553 5,595 5,591 5,501 5,522 5,525 5,527 5,521 5,527 6

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,262.1 1,259.1 1,259.9 1,248.7 1,257.8 1,254.8 1,254.0 1,251.7 1,246.1 1,245.2 -.9

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,316.5 1,327.9 1,330.0 1,322.2 1,307.9 1,308.5 1,309.9 1,310.6 1,312.2 1,313.3 1.1

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,986.6 2,966.2 3,005.1 3,019.6 2,935.4 2,959.0 2,961.4 2,964.3 2,963.1 2,968.1 5.0

Government .............................................................. 20,946 22,827 22,460 21,307 22,170 22,377 22,401 22,453 22,496 22,521 25

Federal ................................................................... 2,748 2,742 2,757 2,763 2,726 2,726 2,734 2,740 2,742 2,739 -3

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,989.1 2,011.4 2,031.4 2,037.6 1,964.3 1,986.6 1,996.0 2,006.5 2,011.2 2,010.5 -.7

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 759.3 730.6 725.3 725.5 761.6 739.1 737.9 733.3 730.8 728.6 -2.2

State government .................................................. 4,835 5,215 4,986 4,914 5,123 5,157 5,170 5,174 5,186 5,198 12

State government education .............................. 1,999.4 2,382.2 2,129.1 2,047.6 2,313.8 2,332.9 2,340.8 2,344.4 2,352.3 2,359.0 6.7

State government, excluding education ............ 2,836.0 2,833.1 2,857.3 2,866.8 2,808.8 2,823.8 2,829.1 2,829.7 2,833.8 2,838.9 5.1

Local government .................................................. 13,363 14,870 14,717 13,630 14,321 14,494 14,497 14,539 14,568 14,584 16

Local government education ............................. 6,761.4 8,399.1 8,061.6 6,901.6 7,938.2 8,035.7 8,032.1 8,060.0 8,075.0 8,077.2 2.2

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,601.2 6,470.8 6,655.4 6,728.3 6,382.5 6,457.8 6,465.0 6,479.2 6,493.0 6,506.5 13.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for

the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing

NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more

details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 July 

2007

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

 July 

2007

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

Change

from:

June 2008-

July 2008p

Total private ....................................... 34.2 33.6 34.1 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.6 -0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 40.5 40.2 40.7 40.3 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.4 .1

Natural resources and mining .............................. 45.9 44.2 45.3 45.2 45.9 46.2 44.9 44.6 45.0 45.2 .2

Construction ............................................................ 39.4 38.6 39.3 39.2 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.5 38.7 38.7 .0

Manufacturing ......................................................... 40.9 40.9 41.2 40.7 41.4 41.2 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.1 41.2 41.5 40.8 41.6 41.5 41.3 41.2 41.3 41.3 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 .0

Wood products .................................................. 40.1 39.3 39.9 39.2 39.9 38.7 38.8 39.1 39.2 39.0 -.2

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 42.8 42.5 42.8 42.9 42.6 43.1 42.2 42.3 42.2 42.6 .4

Primary metals .................................................. 42.8 42.2 43.0 41.5 43.2 42.9 42.4 42.2 42.5 41.9 -.6

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.3 41.4 41.3 40.8 41.7 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.2 41.2 .0

Machinery .......................................................... 42.3 42.1 42.1 41.6 42.5 42.7 42.5 42.1 42.0 41.9 -.1

Computer and electronic products ................ 39.9 41.1 41.5 41.0 40.3 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.3 .0

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 41.0 40.8 41.2 40.6 41.4 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.0 41.0 .0

Transportation equipment ............................... 41.6 41.9 42.5 41.2 43.3 42.3 42.3 42.1 42.3 42.6 .3

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 40.4 41.4 42.2 40.1 42.5 41.8 41.9 41.6 41.9 42.1 .2

Furniture and related products ....................... 39.2 38.5 39.2 38.7 39.2 38.7 38.7 38.8 39.0 38.7 -.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 38.7 39.0 39.3 38.9 39.2 39.3 39.3 39.2 39.1 39.3 .2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.6 40.3 40.6 40.4 40.9 40.7 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.6 .1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.7 -.2

Food manufacturing ......................................... 40.7 40.7 40.7 40.8 40.8 40.7 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 .0

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 40.9 40.1 39.1 39.6 40.7 40.4 39.6 39.7 38.6 39.4 .8

Textile mills ........................................................ 39.6 38.8 39.2 38.6 40.2 38.8 38.4 39.0 39.0 39.1 .1

Textile product mills ......................................... 40.2 38.3 39.7 38.4 40.8 39.3 38.3 38.7 39.0 38.7 -.3

Apparel ............................................................... 37.1 36.1 36.4 36.3 37.5 36.7 36.6 36.0 36.3 36.6 .3

Leather and allied products ............................ 37.0 39.0 38.6 37.8 37.5 38.7 38.6 38.7 38.4 38.5 .1

Paper and paper products .............................. 42.8 42.1 42.7 41.9 43.0 43.6 43.3 42.5 42.7 42.3 -.4

Printing and related support activities ........... 38.4 38.3 37.8 37.5 38.8 38.6 38.5 38.5 38.1 38.0 -.1

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 44.5 44.0 45.2 45.8 44.0 43.5 43.2 44.2 44.5 45.0 .5

Chemicals .......................................................... 41.8 41.0 42.0 41.8 42.2 41.9 41.3 41.3 41.8 41.9 .1

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 40.8 41.0 41.5 40.8 41.5 41.1 41.0 41.0 41.1 41.4 .3

Private service-providing ............................. 32.8 32.2 32.8 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.3 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.7 33.1 33.7 33.3 33.2 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.2 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.5 38.2 38.9 38.3 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.4 .1

Retail trade ........................................................... 30.6 30.0 30.5 30.3 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.1 30.1 30.0 -.1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 37.1 36.3 36.8 36.5 36.8 36.7 36.7 36.5 36.4 36.4 .0

Utilities ................................................................... 42.6 42.3 43.0 42.1 42.6 43.3 42.6 42.4 42.8 42.1 -.7

Information ............................................................... 37.2 36.2 37.1 36.7 36.6 36.6 36.5 36.6 36.6 36.6 .0

Financial activities .................................................. 36.5 35.7 36.5 35.5 35.9 35.8 35.9 36.0 35.8 35.6 -.2

Professional and business services .................... 35.0 34.8 35.4 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.7 -.1

Education and health services ............................. 32.9 32.5 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.6 .0

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 26.3 25.3 26.0 25.7 25.3 25.3 25.4 25.3 25.3 25.1 -.2

Other services ......................................................... 31.2 30.7 31.1 31.0 30.9 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.8 .1

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining

and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and

nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.

These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the

total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 July 

2007

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

 July 

2007

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

Total private ....................................... $17.44 $17.90 $17.96 $17.99 $596.45 $601.44 $612.44 $606.26

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.47 17.95 18.00 18.06 590.49 604.92 606.60 606.82

Goods-producing .......................................... 18.72 19.13 19.23 19.37 758.16 769.03 782.66 780.61

Natural resources and mining .............................. 20.87 21.51 21.74 22.64 957.93 950.74 984.82 1,023.33

Construction ............................................................ 21.02 21.60 21.66 21.89 828.19 833.76 851.24 858.09

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.22 17.63 17.70 17.71 704.30 721.07 729.24 720.80

Durable goods ..................................................... 18.10 18.57 18.67 18.65 743.91 765.08 774.81 760.92

Wood products .................................................. 13.62 14.08 14.11 14.23 546.16 553.34 562.99 557.82

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 17.04 16.90 16.98 16.96 729.31 718.25 726.74 727.58

Primary metals .................................................. 19.85 20.23 20.22 20.42 849.58 853.71 869.46 847.43

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.52 16.84 16.92 16.91 682.28 697.18 698.80 689.93

Machinery .......................................................... 17.82 17.98 17.87 18.02 753.79 756.96 752.33 749.63

Computer and electronic products ................ 20.08 20.99 21.08 21.26 801.19 862.69 874.82 871.66

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 16.09 15.69 15.74 15.73 659.69 640.15 648.49 638.64

Transportation equipment ............................... 22.67 23.53 23.81 23.65 943.07 985.91 1,011.93 974.38

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.36 14.48 14.59 14.53 562.91 557.48 571.93 562.31

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.82 14.97 15.13 15.29 573.53 583.83 594.61 594.78

Nondurable goods ............................................... 15.74 16.04 16.07 16.16 639.04 646.41 652.44 652.86

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.57 13.89 13.94 13.99 552.30 565.32 567.36 570.79

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 18.61 19.05 18.56 19.27 761.15 763.91 725.70 763.09

Textile mills ........................................................ 13.13 13.50 13.59 13.84 519.95 523.80 532.73 534.22

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.89 11.86 11.79 11.75 477.98 454.24 468.06 451.20

Apparel ............................................................... 11.15 11.43 11.28 11.26 413.67 412.62 410.59 408.74

Leather and allied products ............................ 12.18 12.88 12.70 12.01 450.66 502.32 490.22 453.98

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.68 18.74 18.76 18.97 799.50 788.95 801.05 794.84

Printing and related support activities ........... 16.19 16.66 16.85 16.84 621.70 638.08 636.93 631.50

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 25.12 27.01 27.12 27.20 1,117.84 1,188.44 1,225.82 1,245.76

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.70 19.37 19.36 19.39 823.46 794.17 813.12 810.50

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.31 15.71 15.72 15.79 624.65 644.11 652.38 644.23

Private service-providing ............................. 17.10 17.59 17.64 17.64 560.88 566.40 578.59 569.77

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.89 16.14 16.20 16.20 535.49 534.23 545.94 539.46

Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.70 19.93 20.07 20.11 758.45 761.33 780.72 770.21

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.84 12.91 12.90 12.94 392.90 387.30 393.45 392.08

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.90 18.33 18.46 18.49 664.09 665.38 679.33 674.89

Utilities ................................................................... 27.70 28.83 28.98 28.45 1,180.02 1,219.51 1,246.14 1,197.75

Information ............................................................... 23.77 24.60 24.75 24.74 884.24 890.52 918.23 907.96

Financial activities .................................................. 19.66 20.20 20.29 20.23 717.59 721.14 740.59 718.17

Professional and business services .................... 20.26 20.81 21.05 21.05 709.10 724.19 745.17 728.33

Education and health services ............................. 18.18 18.64 18.66 18.85 598.12 605.80 610.18 614.51

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.33 10.82 10.76 10.71 271.68 273.75 279.76 275.25

Other services ......................................................... 15.39 15.84 15.84 15.75 480.17 486.29 492.62 488.25

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total Private:

 July 

2007

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

Percent

change from:

June 2008-

July 2008 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.47 $17.87 $17.89 $17.95 $18.00 $18.06 0.3

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.33 8.28 8.27 8.24 8.17 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.69 19.12 19.12 19.17 19.23 19.32 .5

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 20.95 22.01 21.61 21.71 22.00 22.66 3.0

Construction ............................................................................ 20.94 21.56 21.60 21.70 21.73 21.81 .4

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.30 17.61 17.62 17.65 17.72 17.78 .3

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.46 16.79 16.80 16.85 16.94 16.99 .3

Durable goods ..................................................................... 18.23 18.54 18.58 18.61 18.68 18.77 .5

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.70 16.03 15.99 16.04 16.09 16.11 .1

Private service-providing ............................................. 17.15 17.55 17.58 17.64 17.69 17.75 .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.82 16.11 16.11 16.16 16.18 16.18 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.58 20.03 20.05 20.06 20.11 20.15 .2

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.79 12.86 12.85 12.90 12.88 12.90 .2

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.78 18.25 18.33 18.38 18.41 18.39 -.1

Utilities ................................................................................... 27.82 28.77 28.56 28.81 29.12 28.65 -1.6

Information ............................................................................... 23.92 24.53 24.50 24.67 24.77 24.88 .4

Financial activities .................................................................. 19.67 20.11 20.16 20.23 20.28 20.33 .2

Professional and business services .................................... 20.19 20.74 20.84 20.90 21.02 21.14 .6

Education and health services ............................................. 18.14 18.61 18.64 18.71 18.74 18.82 .4

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.46 10.74 10.79 10.81 10.84 10.86 .2

Other services ......................................................................... 15.46 15.77 15.79 15.81 15.84 15.87 .2

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was -0.8 percent from May 2008 to June 2008, the latest

month available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate

of time and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 July 

2007

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

 July 

2007

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

Percent

change from:

June 2008-

July 2008p

Total private ....................................... 109.7 107.1 109.4 107.8 107.4 107.6 107.5 107.1 107.0 106.6 -0.4

Goods-producing .......................................... 103.7 98.2 100.4 99.2 102.0 99.5 98.6 97.9 97.6 97.6 .0

Natural resources and mining .............................. 137.3 133.2 139.1 142.9 134.2 138.5 134.6 134.6 137.0 139.8 2.0

Construction ............................................................ 122.1 108.9 113.1 113.4 115.1 110.4 109.3 107.5 107.2 106.6 -.6

Manufacturing ......................................................... 93.9 91.9 92.9 91.0 94.9 93.1 92.2 92.1 91.7 91.6 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................... 96.4 94.6 95.5 92.8 97.8 95.9 94.8 94.4 94.3 94.2 -.1

Wood products .................................................. 94.6 82.7 84.1 83.0 92.1 83.3 83.2 82.0 81.4 80.8 -.7

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 101.8 96.8 98.5 98.1 98.4 97.7 95.6 95.1 94.6 94.7 .1

Primary metals .................................................. 90.6 89.4 91.2 86.8 92.0 91.3 90.3 89.2 89.7 88.1 -1.8

Fabricated metal products .............................. 103.9 102.9 102.7 100.5 104.8 104.5 103.3 103.0 101.9 101.5 -.4

Machinery .......................................................... 103.5 103.2 103.4 102.9 103.7 104.5 103.9 103.1 102.6 103.4 .8

Computer and electronic products ................ 100.3 102.7 103.6 101.7 101.1 102.9 103.1 102.9 102.6 102.3 -.3

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 88.7 87.6 89.4 88.3 89.5 88.4 88.3 88.6 88.5 89.0 .6

Transportation equipment ............................... 92.0 91.5 92.9 86.7 98.5 93.2 91.5 91.5 91.8 92.3 .5

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 77.7 76.5 77.9 69.0 85.6 78.6 76.6 76.3 76.6 76.7 .1

Furniture and related products ....................... 87.5 79.3 80.9 78.8 87.0 81.1 80.3 79.8 79.7 78.6 -1.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 89.6 89.5 90.5 88.0 91.3 90.8 90.3 89.9 89.4 89.6 .2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 90.0 87.2 88.5 87.9 89.8 88.6 88.0 87.9 87.6 87.6 .0

Food manufacturing ......................................... 103.5 99.3 100.8 102.3 101.8 101.3 101.2 101.1 100.9 100.6 -.3

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 107.6 91.1 93.4 97.3 103.7 90.4 89.0 90.7 89.5 92.1 2.9

Textile mills ........................................................ 53.9 50.1 49.5 46.8 55.3 51.0 49.5 49.7 48.8 48.1 -1.4

Textile product mills ......................................... 77.8 73.0 74.3 70.6 79.1 74.3 72.4 72.8 72.4 71.3 -1.5

Apparel ............................................................... 60.9 55.5 56.9 55.7 61.3 56.4 56.4 55.1 55.5 56.0 .9

Leather and allied products ............................ 64.5 74.0 75.0 68.9 66.9 70.5 71.9 72.1 73.6 71.7 -2.6

Paper and paper products .............................. 86.2 84.2 85.8 84.1 86.1 87.0 86.8 85.3 85.2 84.4 -.9

Printing and related support activities ........... 90.0 88.3 86.3 84.9 90.8 90.1 89.2 88.6 86.6 86.0 -.7

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 98.2 98.9 101.6 104.6 93.9 96.6 95.7 97.8 97.5 99.3 1.8

Chemicals .......................................................... 95.0 95.9 99.0 98.0 95.0 97.1 95.9 96.3 97.4 97.5 .1

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 89.5 88.2 89.4 87.0 91.2 88.5 88.0 88.0 88.0 88.5 .6

Private service-providing ............................. 111.1 109.4 112.0 110.0 109.0 109.7 109.8 109.7 109.3 109.3 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 105.9 103.5 105.7 104.0 104.3 105.0 104.8 104.4 104.3 103.7 -.6

Wholesale trade ................................................... 111.4 110.6 113.0 110.9 109.4 111.3 110.7 110.6 110.5 110.4 -.1

Retail trade ........................................................... 102.9 99.4 101.5 100.6 101.3 101.1 100.8 100.4 100.3 99.8 -.5

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 108.6 108.6 110.0 107.3 108.8 109.5 109.5 108.8 108.2 108.1 -.1

Utilities ................................................................... 97.8 97.2 100.0 97.4 96.8 99.2 97.8 97.2 98.5 96.3 -2.2

Information ............................................................... 102.4 99.6 102.3 100.1 100.3 100.5 100.0 100.2 99.9 99.4 -.5

Financial activities .................................................. 112.1 108.1 111.4 108.4 109.2 108.3 108.7 108.9 108.2 107.6 -.6

Professional and business services .................... 117.0 115.7 118.5 115.3 115.5 115.7 116.1 115.6 115.4 114.9 -.4

Education and health services ............................. 111.8 115.8 115.4 114.3 112.9 115.4 115.4 116.1 116.1 116.5 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 121.0 114.1 120.3 119.7 110.5 111.9 112.6 112.0 112.1 111.2 -.8

Other services ......................................................... 101.9 99.9 101.9 101.5 99.4 99.9 99.6 99.6 99.1 99.4 .3

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by

dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by

the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours

estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours

and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 July 

2007

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

 July 

2007

 Mar. 

2008

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008p

 July 

2008p

Percent

change from:

June 2008-

July 2008p

Total private ....................................... 127.8 128.1 131.3 129.6 125.4 128.4 128.5 128.4 128.7 128.6 -0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 118.9 115.1 118.3 117.7 116.8 116.5 115.5 114.9 115.0 115.5 .4

Natural resources and mining .............................. 166.7 166.6 175.9 188.2 163.5 177.2 169.1 170.0 175.3 184.2 5.1

Construction ............................................................ 138.5 127.0 132.2 134.0 130.1 128.5 127.5 126.0 125.8 125.5 -.2

Manufacturing ......................................................... 105.8 105.9 107.5 105.4 107.3 107.2 106.3 106.3 106.3 106.5 .2

Durable goods ..................................................... 109.0 109.7 111.3 108.0 111.3 111.0 110.0 109.7 110.0 110.4 .4

Nondurable goods ............................................... 100.1 98.9 100.5 100.4 99.6 100.4 99.4 99.6 99.6 99.7 .1

Private service-providing ............................. 130.3 131.9 135.5 133.1 128.1 132.0 132.3 132.7 132.6 133.0 .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 120.0 119.1 122.2 120.1 117.7 120.7 120.5 120.3 120.3 119.7 -.5

Wholesale trade ................................................... 129.3 129.8 133.6 131.3 126.2 131.3 130.8 130.7 130.8 131.1 .2

Retail trade ........................................................... 113.3 110.0 112.2 111.6 111.1 111.4 111.1 111.0 110.7 110.3 -.4

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 123.4 126.3 128.8 125.9 122.7 126.8 127.4 126.8 126.3 126.1 -.2

Utilities ................................................................... 113.1 116.9 120.9 115.6 112.4 119.1 116.6 116.9 119.7 115.2 -3.8

Information ............................................................... 120.5 121.2 125.4 122.6 118.7 122.1 121.3 122.3 122.5 122.4 -.1

Financial activities .................................................. 136.3 135.0 139.7 135.6 132.8 134.6 135.5 136.2 135.7 135.2 -.4

Professional and business services .................... 141.1 143.2 148.4 144.4 138.7 142.8 143.9 143.8 144.4 144.5 .1

Education and health services ............................. 133.6 141.8 141.5 141.7 134.6 141.2 141.4 142.8 143.0 144.1 .8

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 141.9 140.2 147.1 145.6 131.2 136.5 138.0 137.5 138.0 137.2 -.6

Other services ......................................................... 114.2 115.3 117.6 116.4 112.0 114.8 114.6 114.8 114.3 115.0 .6

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated

by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2004 ......................................................... 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7

2006 ......................................................... 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5

2008 ......................................................... 45.4 41.4 47.4 45.6 46.4 p 42.2 p 41.2

2004 ......................................................... 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4

2007 ......................................................... 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4

2008 ......................................................... 46.7 42.7 42.3 44.0 43.1 p 43.6 p 40.0

2004 ......................................................... 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0

2005 ......................................................... 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0

2006 ......................................................... 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8

2008 ......................................................... 51.5 49.8 44.7 46.5 43.6 p 41.4 p 38.7

2004 ......................................................... 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8

2005 ......................................................... 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5

2007 ......................................................... 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7

2008 ......................................................... 53.8 54.6 52.6 50.4 49.3 p 47.4 p 46.0

2004 ......................................................... 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9

2005 ......................................................... 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3

2007 ......................................................... 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3

2008 ......................................................... 40.5 28.6 38.1 35.1 44.6 p 32.7 p 27.4

2004 ......................................................... 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4

2006 ......................................................... 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5

2007 ......................................................... 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7

2008 ......................................................... 35.7 27.4 26.8 29.2 29.8 p 33.9 p 32.1

2004 ......................................................... 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3

2006 ......................................................... 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8

2007 ......................................................... 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7

2008 ......................................................... 34.5 33.9 32.1 28.0 26.8 p 24.4 p 19.6

2004 ......................................................... 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6

2005 ......................................................... 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1

2006 ......................................................... 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9

2008 ......................................................... 29.8 29.8 29.8 24.4 27.4 p 25.6 p 31.0

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment

and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.

See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.