For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, September 19, 2023 USDL-23-2023

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 9 states and increased in 3 states on the last business day of July, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 6 states. Total separations rates

decreased in 4 states and increased in 1 state. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total separations 

rates showed little change in July.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In July, job openings rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 3 states, and were little changed in 38

states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Louisiana

(-1.3 percentage points) and in Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia (-0.9 point each). The increases 

occurred in Maine (+0.9 point), New Hampshire (+0.8 point), and New Jersey (+0.5 point). Over the

month, the national job openings rate was little changed. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 13 states, increased in 3 states, and was little changed in 34

states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in

Florida (-66,000), Virginia (-45,000), and Tennessee (-35,000). The increases occurred in New Jersey

(+25,000), as well as in Maine and New Hampshire (+6,000 each). Nationally, the number of job 

openings edged down over the month. (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, hires rates decreased in 6 states and were little changed in 44 states and the District of 

Columbia. The largest decreases in the hires rates occurred in Alaska (-1.3 percentage points) and

Louisiana (-0.9 point), as well as in Colorado and North Carolina (-0.8 point each). The national hires

rate was little changed over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 7 states and was little changed in 43 states and the District of 

Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in Texas (-63,000), North Carolina

(-37,000), and New Jersey (-29,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. 

(See table 2.)
- 2 -

Total Separations

In July, total separations rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 45

states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in total separations rates occurred in Kansas

(-1.3 percentage points) and Arizona (-1.0 point), as well as in Florida and Illinois (-0.6 point each). The

increase occurred in Alaska (+0.9 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was little 

changed. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 5 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 44

states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases occurred in Florida (-59,000), Texas

(-54,000), and Illinois (-37,000). The one increase in the total separations level occurred in Alaska 

(+3,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In July, quits rates decreased in 7 states and were little changed in 43 states and the District of 

Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Kansas (-0.9 percentage point), as well as in

New Hampshire and New Mexico (-0.6 point each). Over the month, the national quits rate was little 

changed. (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 8 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 41 states and 

the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Texas

(-52,000), Florida (-37,000), and Illinois (-34,000). The one increase occurred in New Jersey (+16,000).

Nationally, the number of quits decreased over the month (-253,000). (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In July, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed 

in 44 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in New 

Hampshire and Rhode Island (+0.6 percentage point each) and in Connecticut and Mississippi (+0.5

point each). The decreases occurred in Arizona (-0.7 point) and Kansas (-0.4 point). Over the month, the 

national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little 

changed in 43 states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest increases in the layoffs and 

discharges levels occurred in Connecticut (+8,000), Mississippi (+6,000), and New Hampshire (+4,000).

The decreases occurred in Arizona (-21,000) and Kansas (-5,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and 

discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, October 18, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 11,380 10,320 9,616 9,165 8,827 -338 6.9 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.3 -0.2

Alabama.................................. 158 145 137 138 126 -12 6.9 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.5 -0.5

Alaska..................................... 31 28 27 26 24 -2 8.8 7.9 7.7 7.4 6.9 -0.5

Arizona.................................... 270 240 200 184 191 7 8.0 7.1 6.0 5.5 5.7 0.2

Arkansas.................................. 97 101 99 91 82 -9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.3 5.7 -0.6

California................................. 1,369 1,043 912 926 962 36 7.2 5.5 4.8 4.9 5.0 0.1

Colorado.................................. 238 259 188 181 179 -2 7.7 8.2 6.1 5.9 5.8 -0.1

Connecticut............................... 117 97 82 90 92 2 6.5 5.4 4.6 5.1 5.2 0.1

Delaware................................. 40 37 35 33 33 0 7.8 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.4 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 53 40 44 42 42 0 6.5 4.9 5.4 5.1 5.1 0.0

Florida..................................... 621 669 623 618 552 -66 6.2 6.4 6.0 6.0 5.3 -0.7

Georgia................................... 427 385 371 340 311 -29 8.1 7.3 7.0 6.5 6.0 -0.5

Hawaii..................................... 50 38 33 31 31 0 7.4 5.7 5.0 4.7 4.6 -0.1

Idaho...................................... 75 57 55 50 55 5 8.3 6.3 6.1 5.5 6.1 0.6

Illinois..................................... 444 423 422 363 348 -15 6.8 6.5 6.4 5.6 5.4 -0.2

Indiana.................................... 249 193 185 167 165 -2 7.2 5.6 5.4 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Iowa....................................... 103 107 102 85 78 -7 6.2 6.3 6.0 5.1 4.7 -0.4

Kansas.................................... 113 97 90 82 81 -1 7.4 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.3 -0.1

Kentucky.................................. 151 145 144 126 112 -14 7.1 6.8 6.7 5.9 5.3 -0.6

Louisiana................................. 146 148 156 147 119 -28 7.0 7.0 7.4 7.0 5.7 -1.3

Maine..................................... 50 44 42 37 43 6 7.2 6.4 6.1 5.4 6.3 0.9

Maryland.................................. 204 206 204 197 169 -28 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.7 5.8 -0.9

Massachusetts........................... 288 298 254 253 242 -11 7.2 7.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 -0.3

Michigan.................................. 316 296 247 239 218 -21 6.7 6.3 5.3 5.1 4.7 -0.4

Minnesota................................ 226 206 208 199 201 2 7.1 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.3 0.0

Mississippi................................ 88 91 87 85 80 -5 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.4 -0.4

Missouri................................... 211 190 173 155 167 12 6.7 6.0 5.5 4.9 5.3 0.4

Montana.................................. 51 41 36 35 34 -1 9.1 7.3 6.5 6.3 6.2 -0.1

Nebraska................................. 71 69 63 59 55 -4 6.5 6.2 5.7 5.3 5.0 -0.3

Nevada.................................... 110 113 104 92 91 -1 6.9 6.8 6.3 5.6 5.5 -0.1

New Hampshire.......................... 54 47 40 43 49 6 7.3 6.3 5.4 5.8 6.6 0.8

New Jersey............................... 263 232 194 226 251 25 5.8 5.1 4.3 5.0 5.5 0.5

New Mexico.............................. 80 71 65 59 59 0 8.6 7.6 7.0 6.3 6.3 0.0

New York................................. 562 460 434 446 456 10 5.5 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.5 0.1

North Carolina........................... 375 379 407 330 300 -30 7.2 7.2 7.7 6.3 5.7 -0.6

North Dakota............................. 31 29 30 28 26 -2 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.0 5.6 -0.4

Ohio....................................... 441 393 372 351 321 -30 7.4 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.4 -0.5

Oklahoma................................. 123 128 128 120 105 -15 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.5 5.7 -0.8

Oregon.................................... 155 126 117 105 108 3 7.3 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.1 0.1

Pennsylvania............................. 413 399 345 350 340 -10 6.4 6.1 5.3 5.4 5.2 -0.2

Rhode Island............................. 36 33 27 29 30 1 6.7 6.2 5.2 5.5 5.7 0.2

South Carolina........................... 177 172 177 168 167 -1 7.3 7.0 7.2 6.8 6.8 0.0

South Dakota............................ 31 31 31 28 25 -3 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.1 -0.6

Tennessee................................ 258 252 237 225 190 -35 7.3 7.1 6.7 6.3 5.4 -0.9

Texas..................................... 968 819 824 782 745 -37 6.7 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.1 -0.2

Utah....................................... 124 113 105 95 93 -2 6.9 6.2 5.7 5.2 5.1 -0.1

Vermont................................... 22 21 18 19 18 -1 6.7 6.4 5.5 5.9 5.5 -0.4

Virginia.................................... 339 315 305 290 245 -45 7.7 7.1 6.9 6.5 5.6 -0.9

Washington............................... 268 213 180 168 181 13 7.0 5.6 4.7 4.4 4.7 0.3

West Virginia............................. 66 55 56 53 52 -1 8.7 7.3 7.4 7.0 6.9 -0.1

Wisconsin................................. 202 205 183 162 164 2 6.4 6.4 5.7 5.1 5.2 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 24 22 19 18 18 0 7.8 7.1 6.1 5.8 5.8 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,340 6,101 6,231 5,940 5,773 -167 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 101 93 107 96 95 -1 4.8 4.3 5.0 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Alaska..................................... 18 18 21 20 16 -4 5.6 5.5 6.5 6.2 4.9 -1.3

Arizona.................................... 158 148 147 135 130 -5 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Arkansas.................................. 63 61 66 63 57 -6 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.2 -0.4

California................................. 616 539 532 617 627 10 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.5 0.1

Colorado.................................. 99 128 119 112 89 -23 3.5 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.1 -0.8

Connecticut............................... 75 59 58 52 60 8 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.5 0.4

Delaware................................. 27 24 24 24 25 1 5.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.2 0.3

District of Columbia..................... 24 24 28 25 26 1 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.4 0.2

Florida..................................... 373 404 402 377 378 1 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.9 0.0

Georgia................................... 265 230 221 218 236 18 5.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.8 0.4

Hawaii..................................... 22 21 21 21 20 -1 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Idaho...................................... 40 41 42 37 38 1 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.3 4.5 0.2

Illinois..................................... 249 248 267 239 219 -20 4.1 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Indiana.................................... 134 151 153 123 136 13 4.2 4.6 4.7 3.8 4.2 0.4

Iowa....................................... 62 60 63 55 51 -4 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Kansas.................................... 74 59 59 52 57 5 5.2 4.1 4.1 3.6 3.9 0.3

Kentucky.................................. 92 84 92 85 81 -4 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Louisiana................................. 95 85 105 115 98 -17 4.9 4.3 5.4 5.9 5.0 -0.9

Maine..................................... 27 25 25 24 22 -2 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Maryland.................................. 114 107 113 104 110 6 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.0 0.2

Massachusetts........................... 124 135 113 121 121 0 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.2 3.2 0.0

Michigan.................................. 176 153 167 155 167 12 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.8 0.3

Minnesota................................ 112 117 121 102 108 6 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.4 3.6 0.2

Mississippi................................ 59 52 56 57 56 -1 5.0 4.4 4.8 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Missouri................................... 107 105 116 102 99 -3 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Montana.................................. 27 25 28 28 24 -4 5.3 4.8 5.4 5.4 4.7 -0.7

Nebraska................................. 40 41 42 40 38 -2 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Nevada.................................... 67 67 64 65 65 0 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.2 0.0

New Hampshire.......................... 29 37 28 25 29 4 4.2 5.3 4.0 3.6 4.2 0.6

New Jersey............................... 152 167 161 168 139 -29 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.2 -0.7

New Mexico.............................. 39 34 37 34 38 4 4.6 3.9 4.3 3.9 4.4 0.5

New York................................. 302 281 277 282 288 6 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 0.1

North Carolina........................... 239 213 222 204 167 -37 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.2 3.4 -0.8

North Dakota............................. 20 17 21 19 17 -2 4.7 3.9 4.8 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Ohio....................................... 230 222 214 200 189 -11 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 -0.2

Oklahoma................................. 82 79 80 78 83 5 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.8 0.3

Oregon.................................... 79 72 88 77 68 -9 4.0 3.6 4.4 3.9 3.4 -0.5

Pennsylvania............................. 178 198 205 181 174 -7 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Rhode Island............................. 21 25 21 19 18 -1 4.2 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.6 -0.2

South Carolina........................... 110 110 114 112 103 -9 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.5 -0.4

South Dakota............................ 20 19 20 20 18 -2 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Tennessee................................ 169 160 172 154 162 8 5.2 4.8 5.2 4.6 4.9 0.3

Texas..................................... 638 624 619 572 509 -63 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.1 3.6 -0.5

Utah....................................... 68 70 73 68 64 -4 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Vermont................................... 12 15 13 12 11 -1 3.9 4.8 4.2 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Virginia.................................... 196 169 174 177 175 -2 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Washington............................... 147 129 149 119 125 6 4.1 3.6 4.1 3.3 3.4 0.1

West Virginia............................. 40 32 34 33 36 3 5.8 4.6 4.9 4.7 5.1 0.4

Wisconsin................................. 114 111 124 108 96 -12 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Wyoming.................................. 15 14 13 13 13 0 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.5 0.1

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 5,864 5,660 5,925 5,691 5,483 -208 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 88 76 104 87 91 4 4.2 3.5 4.8 4.0 4.2 0.2

Alaska..................................... 21 26 17 16 19 3 6.6 8.0 5.2 4.9 5.8 0.9

Arizona.................................... 142 142 119 160 129 -31 4.6 4.5 3.8 5.1 4.1 -1.0

Arkansas.................................. 56 54 66 54 56 2 4.2 4.0 4.8 4.0 4.1 0.1

California................................. 553 505 522 518 482 -36 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 115 116 106 110 101 -9 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Connecticut............................... 59 56 64 56 62 6 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.7 0.4

Delaware................................. 22 21 30 23 22 -1 4.7 4.3 6.2 4.7 4.6 -0.1

District of Columbia..................... 25 21 28 25 25 0 3.3 2.7 3.6 3.2 3.2 0.0

Florida..................................... 397 397 408 412 353 -59 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.6 -0.6

Georgia................................... 269 192 247 191 198 7 5.6 3.9 5.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

Hawaii..................................... 19 19 20 19 20 1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 0.1

Idaho...................................... 44 44 36 35 39 4 5.3 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.6 0.5

Illinois..................................... 198 243 210 216 179 -37 3.3 4.0 3.4 3.5 2.9 -0.6

Indiana.................................... 119 145 132 131 129 -2 3.7 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Iowa....................................... 56 69 57 59 58 -1 3.6 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 0.0

Kansas.................................... 55 65 54 65 46 -19 3.9 4.5 3.7 4.5 3.2 -1.3

Kentucky.................................. 78 89 99 84 85 1 4.0 4.4 4.9 4.2 4.2 0.0

Louisiana................................. 90 82 107 92 85 -7 4.7 4.2 5.5 4.7 4.3 -0.4

Maine..................................... 23 22 29 22 22 0 3.6 3.4 4.5 3.4 3.4 0.0

Maryland.................................. 96 110 117 95 103 8 3.5 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.8 0.3

Massachusetts........................... 126 114 104 103 98 -5 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Michigan.................................. 146 148 164 154 149 -5 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Minnesota................................ 101 102 101 111 113 2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.8 0.1

Mississippi................................ 60 52 63 51 57 6 5.1 4.4 5.4 4.3 4.9 0.6

Missouri................................... 132 112 107 98 100 2 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.3 0.0

Montana.................................. 26 29 27 27 28 1 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.4 0.2

Nebraska................................. 35 43 38 37 36 -1 3.4 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Nevada.................................... 76 66 65 65 61 -4 5.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 3.9 -0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 28 25 30 31 30 -1 4.1 3.6 4.3 4.4 4.3 -0.1

New Jersey............................... 158 150 125 128 145 17 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.0 3.3 0.3

New Mexico.............................. 38 35 33 36 37 1 4.5 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.2 0.1

New York................................. 245 231 283 256 259 3 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.7 0.1

North Carolina........................... 212 197 217 198 194 -4 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.0 3.9 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 17 22 16 20 17 -3 4.0 5.1 3.7 4.6 3.9 -0.7

Ohio....................................... 218 229 211 200 195 -5 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Oklahoma................................. 70 67 75 76 73 -3 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Oregon.................................... 87 81 79 73 74 1 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 222 176 193 203 190 -13 3.7 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Rhode Island............................. 20 20 21 17 20 3 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.4 4.1 0.7

South Carolina........................... 95 91 104 96 103 7 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.5 0.3

South Dakota............................ 17 23 18 19 18 -1 3.7 5.0 3.9 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 157 133 166 133 139 6 4.8 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.2 0.2

Texas..................................... 511 476 554 571 517 -54 3.8 3.4 4.0 4.1 3.7 -0.4

Utah....................................... 71 70 79 70 69 -1 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Vermont................................... 11 11 14 12 13 1 3.6 3.6 4.6 3.9 4.2 0.3

Virginia.................................... 155 173 184 164 162 -2 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Washington............................... 148 131 120 114 125 11 4.2 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.4 0.3

West Virginia............................. 35 34 35 37 34 -3 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.3 4.9 -0.4

Wisconsin................................. 108 112 110 103 106 3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 15 16 15 15 15 0 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.1 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 4,016 3,765 4,067 3,802 3,549 -253 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 61 55 81 62 61 -1 2.9 2.6 3.8 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Alaska..................................... 12 11 11 11 11 0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.0

Arizona.................................... 112 103 90 104 91 -13 3.6 3.3 2.9 3.3 2.9 -0.4

Arkansas.................................. 41 37 48 37 37 0 3.1 2.7 3.5 2.7 2.7 0.0

California................................. 398 341 341 340 309 -31 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 78 77 72 75 62 -13 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.1 -0.5

Connecticut............................... 38 35 42 33 33 0 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.0 0.0

Delaware................................. 15 15 21 16 15 -1 3.2 3.1 4.3 3.3 3.1 -0.2

District of Columbia..................... 16 14 20 18 16 -2 2.1 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Florida..................................... 273 290 293 297 260 -37 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.7 -0.4

Georgia................................... 186 142 164 128 135 7 3.9 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.8 0.2

Hawaii..................................... 12 12 13 12 12 0 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 0.0

Idaho...................................... 25 27 25 24 24 0 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 0.0

Illinois..................................... 130 144 136 149 115 -34 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.9 -0.5

Indiana.................................... 88 94 90 89 86 -3 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Iowa....................................... 41 45 35 36 37 1 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.0

Kansas.................................... 44 36 37 44 31 -13 3.1 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.1 -0.9

Kentucky.................................. 55 65 73 56 58 2 2.8 3.2 3.6 2.8 2.9 0.1

Louisiana................................. 62 57 73 62 57 -5 3.2 2.9 3.7 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Maine..................................... 16 15 20 13 12 -1 2.5 2.3 3.1 2.0 1.9 -0.1

Maryland.................................. 61 75 80 64 64 0 2.2 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.3 0.0

Massachusetts........................... 93 71 63 58 51 -7 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 -0.2

Michigan.................................. 107 89 103 105 92 -13 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.1 -0.3

Minnesota................................ 68 68 70 74 72 -2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 -0.1

Mississippi................................ 42 37 42 36 36 0 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.1 0.0

Missouri................................... 100 73 75 62 70 8 3.4 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.3 0.2

Montana.................................. 16 18 19 18 15 -3 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.5 2.9 -0.6

Nebraska................................. 26 26 24 24 24 0 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Nevada.................................... 47 45 45 45 39 -6 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.5 -0.4

New Hampshire.......................... 18 15 17 19 15 -4 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.1 -0.6

New Jersey............................... 92 92 76 68 84 16 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.9 0.3

New Mexico.............................. 22 22 23 25 20 -5 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.3 -0.6

New York................................. 174 140 187 141 145 4 1.8 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.5 0.0

North Carolina........................... 145 138 155 143 129 -14 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.6 -0.3

North Dakota............................. 12 13 12 13 11 -2 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.5 -0.5

Ohio....................................... 121 126 141 132 132 0 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 0.0

Oklahoma................................. 49 48 53 55 49 -6 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.8 -0.4

Oregon.................................... 49 52 53 49 44 -5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Pennsylvania............................. 130 121 123 126 128 2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 0.0

Rhode Island............................. 13 13 13 10 10 0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.0 2.0 0.0

South Carolina........................... 72 66 76 69 67 -2 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.9 -0.1

South Dakota............................ 12 13 12 13 12 -1 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 112 98 122 94 92 -2 3.4 3.0 3.7 2.8 2.8 0.0

Texas..................................... 380 339 415 411 359 -52 2.8 2.4 3.0 2.9 2.6 -0.3

Utah....................................... 46 48 54 46 42 -4 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.4 -0.3

Vermont................................... 7 7 9 7 7 0 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 0.0

Virginia.................................... 109 107 134 111 101 -10 2.7 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.4 -0.3

Washington............................... 78 87 81 73 78 5 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.1 0.1

West Virginia............................. 25 23 24 24 23 -1 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Wisconsin................................. 78 69 73 71 68 -3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Wyoming.................................. 9 10 10 10 9 -1 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.1 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

July

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

July

2023p

Change

from:

June

2023 -

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,497 1,590 1,546 1,551 1,555 4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Alabama.................................. 22 17 20 20 23 3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.2

Alaska..................................... 7 12 4 5 6 1 2.2 3.7 1.2 1.5 1.8 0.3

Arizona.................................... 23 34 22 51 30 -21 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.9 -0.7

Arkansas.................................. 13 14 15 14 14 0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

California................................. 114 136 150 148 154 6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1

Colorado.................................. 27 33 29 31 33 2 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

Connecticut............................... 17 15 17 16 24 8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.5

Delaware................................. 6 5 7 6 6 0 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 6 5 6 6 6 0 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.0

Florida..................................... 102 89 99 96 75 -21 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Georgia................................... 72 42 73 50 50 0 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hawaii..................................... 4 5 6 6 6 0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Idaho...................................... 15 14 10 10 12 2 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.2

Illinois..................................... 58 84 64 55 54 -1 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Indiana.................................... 25 45 34 34 36 2 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

Iowa....................................... 13 21 18 19 16 -3 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Kansas.................................... 9 25 14 17 12 -5 0.6 1.7 1.0 1.2 0.8 -0.4

Kentucky.................................. 18 20 21 24 20 -4 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Louisiana................................. 23 22 25 24 22 -2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Maine..................................... 6 6 7 7 9 2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.3

Maryland.................................. 29 28 31 25 31 6 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.2

Massachusetts........................... 26 34 31 35 41 6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.2

Michigan.................................. 33 53 52 38 45 7 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.1

Minnesota................................ 28 30 25 31 27 -4 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Mississippi................................ 15 12 19 12 18 6 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.5 0.5

Missouri................................... 29 34 24 28 24 -4 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Montana.................................. 8 8 7 8 9 1 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 0.2

Nebraska................................. 8 15 12 10 10 0 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0

Nevada.................................... 24 18 17 18 18 0 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.0

New Hampshire.......................... 9 7 11 9 13 4 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.9 0.6

New Jersey............................... 58 49 37 47 52 5 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.1

New Mexico.............................. 9 9 8 10 11 1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.2

New York................................. 49 78 84 91 101 10 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

North Carolina........................... 55 50 51 44 44 0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

North Dakota............................. 5 8 4 5 5 0 1.2 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.0

Ohio....................................... 86 85 57 56 53 -3 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Oklahoma................................. 18 15 19 18 18 0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Oregon.................................... 22 24 21 22 23 1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Pennsylvania............................. 84 45 58 55 52 -3 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Rhode Island............................. 6 6 7 6 9 3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.8 0.6

South Carolina........................... 19 21 22 22 30 8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.3

South Dakota............................ 4 9 5 5 5 0 0.9 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Tennessee................................ 38 28 38 32 39 7 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.2

Texas..................................... 103 114 119 141 116 -25 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Utah....................................... 16 18 21 22 22 0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.0

Vermont................................... 3 3 4 3 5 2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.6 0.6

Virginia.................................... 35 59 43 46 49 3 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.1

Washington............................... 57 35 31 35 40 5 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

West Virginia............................. 8 9 9 10 9 -1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Wisconsin................................. 26 38 32 25 27 2 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 4 5 5 5 4 -1 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 12,392 8,885 9,515 7.5 5.4 5.7

Alabama................................................................. 167 135 132 7.3 5.9 5.8

Alaska................................................................... 37 36 28 9.7 9.6 7.6

Arizona.................................................................. 274 152 196 8.3 4.7 6.0

Arkansas................................................................ 106 88 87 7.5 6.0 6.0

California................................................................ 1,434 906 1,031 7.5 4.8 5.4

Colorado................................................................ 249 180 185 7.9 5.8 5.9

Connecticut............................................................. 123 85 98 6.9 4.7 5.5

Delaware................................................................ 54 34 44 10.2 6.4 8.2

District of Columbia.................................................... 61 44 48 7.3 5.3 5.7

Florida................................................................... 675 608 592 6.7 5.9 5.8

Georgia.................................................................. 473 320 333 9.0 6.1 6.4

Hawaii................................................................... 52 27 37 7.8 4.1 5.6

Idaho.................................................................... 77 50 59 8.4 5.5 6.4

Illinois.................................................................... 491 365 366 7.5 5.6 5.6

Indiana.................................................................. 269 159 175 7.8 4.7 5.1

Iowa..................................................................... 113 80 81 6.8 4.7 4.9

Kansas.................................................................. 129 75 92 8.4 4.9 6.1

Kentucky................................................................ 164 120 119 7.8 5.6 5.6

Louisiana................................................................ 164 139 132 7.9 6.6 6.4

Maine.................................................................... 54 40 48 7.6 5.6 6.7

Maryland................................................................ 241 191 199 8.1 6.5 6.7

Massachusetts......................................................... 304 253 252 7.5 6.2 6.2

Michigan................................................................ 342 232 222 7.3 4.9 4.8

Minnesota............................................................... 254 185 225 7.9 5.7 6.9

Mississippi.............................................................. 102 79 89 8.1 6.3 7.1

Missouri................................................................. 229 146 181 7.3 4.6 5.7

Montana................................................................. 55 39 37 9.5 6.8 6.6

Nebraska................................................................ 80 54 59 7.2 4.9 5.3

Nevada.................................................................. 110 84 90 6.9 5.2 5.5

New Hampshire........................................................ 58 42 55 7.7 5.6 7.3

New Jersey............................................................. 271 220 264 6.0 4.7 5.7

New Mexico............................................................ 91 50 66 9.8 5.4 7.1

New York............................................................... 630 424 514 6.2 4.2 5.0

North Carolina.......................................................... 420 319 329 8.1 6.1 6.3

North Dakota........................................................... 33 29 26 7.1 6.2 5.7

Ohio..................................................................... 465 344 331 7.7 5.7 5.5

Oklahoma............................................................... 134 118 113 7.4 6.4 6.1

Oregon.................................................................. 169 93 119 8.0 4.4 5.6

Pennsylvania........................................................... 418 335 335 6.5 5.2 5.2

Rhode Island........................................................... 37 29 30 6.8 5.4 5.7

South Carolina......................................................... 193 156 180 7.9 6.3 7.2

South Dakota........................................................... 31 29 24 6.4 5.8 5.0

Tennessee.............................................................. 305 221 218 8.6 6.2 6.2

Texas.................................................................... 1,111 790 835 7.6 5.4 5.7

Utah..................................................................... 130 86 97 7.2 4.7 5.3

Vermont................................................................. 26 18 21 8.0 5.6 6.5

Virginia.................................................................. 372 285 267 8.4 6.4 6.1

Washington............................................................. 292 157 202 7.6 4.1 5.2

West Virginia........................................................... 76 50 58 9.9 6.6 7.7

Wisconsin............................................................... 218 160 171 6.8 5.0 5.3

Wyoming................................................................ 27 25 20 8.5 7.6 6.4

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 7,004 6,848 6,227 4.6 4.4 4.0

Alabama................................................................. 107 109 98 5.1 5.1 4.6

Alaska................................................................... 23 37 20 6.8 10.9 5.7

Arizona.................................................................. 176 128 139 5.8 4.1 4.5

Arkansas................................................................ 68 67 61 5.2 4.9 4.5

California................................................................ 657 679 667 3.7 3.7 3.7

Colorado................................................................ 117 137 100 4.1 4.7 3.4

Connecticut............................................................. 80 63 63 4.8 3.7 3.7

Delaware................................................................ 36 29 35 7.6 6.0 7.1

District of Columbia.................................................... 31 31 33 4.0 3.9 4.2

Florida................................................................... 367 398 361 3.9 4.1 3.7

Georgia.................................................................. 304 247 270 6.3 5.0 5.5

Hawaii................................................................... 29 23 24 4.6 3.6 3.9

Idaho.................................................................... 47 47 42 5.6 5.5 4.9

Illinois.................................................................... 266 284 224 4.4 4.6 3.6

Indiana.................................................................. 149 142 149 4.7 4.4 4.6

Iowa..................................................................... 67 69 53 4.3 4.3 3.4

Kansas.................................................................. 83 60 65 5.9 4.1 4.5

Kentucky................................................................ 98 96 83 5.0 4.7 4.2

Louisiana................................................................ 103 125 105 5.4 6.4 5.4

Maine.................................................................... 36 36 28 5.5 5.4 4.2

Maryland................................................................ 147 125 139 5.4 4.5 5.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 150 160 142 4.0 4.2 3.7

Michigan................................................................ 174 183 165 4.0 4.1 3.7

Minnesota............................................................... 127 135 118 4.3 4.5 3.9

Mississippi.............................................................. 65 64 62 5.6 5.4 5.3

Missouri................................................................. 113 123 102 3.9 4.1 3.4

Montana................................................................. 32 39 26 6.1 7.4 5.1

Nebraska................................................................ 42 46 39 4.1 4.3 3.7

Nevada.................................................................. 69 67 64 4.7 4.3 4.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 38 33 35 5.5 4.7 5.0

New Jersey............................................................. 176 218 154 4.1 4.9 3.5

New Mexico............................................................ 46 38 44 5.5 4.3 5.1

New York............................................................... 377 339 349 3.9 3.5 3.6

North Carolina.......................................................... 264 245 180 5.5 5.0 3.7

North Dakota........................................................... 20 24 17 4.7 5.4 3.8

Ohio..................................................................... 245 236 196 4.4 4.2 3.5

Oklahoma............................................................... 87 87 88 5.1 5.0 5.1

Oregon.................................................................. 97 84 77 5.0 4.2 3.9

Pennsylvania........................................................... 192 206 174 3.2 3.3 2.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 23 24 19 4.6 4.7 3.8

South Carolina......................................................... 120 123 110 5.3 5.3 4.8

South Dakota........................................................... 20 27 17 4.4 5.7 3.6

Tennessee.............................................................. 180 168 173 5.6 5.1 5.3

Texas.................................................................... 692 606 552 5.1 4.3 4.0

Utah..................................................................... 75 73 64 4.5 4.2 3.7

Vermont................................................................. 16 15 13 5.1 4.9 4.2

Virginia.................................................................. 209 205 185 5.1 4.9 4.5

Washington............................................................. 171 135 143 4.8 3.7 3.9

West Virginia........................................................... 44 38 41 6.4 5.4 5.8

Wisconsin............................................................... 129 152 105 4.3 5.0 3.4

Wyoming................................................................ 16 23 14 5.6 7.7 4.7

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 6,461 6,039 6,060 4.2 3.8 3.9

Alabama................................................................. 96 90 99 4.5 4.2 4.6

Alaska................................................................... 18 16 17 5.1 4.7 4.9

Arizona.................................................................. 173 192 157 5.7 6.2 5.1

Arkansas................................................................ 70 58 70 5.3 4.2 5.2

California................................................................ 625 558 523 3.5 3.1 2.9

Colorado................................................................ 129 110 114 4.5 3.7 3.9

Connecticut............................................................. 64 61 70 3.8 3.6 4.1

Delaware................................................................ 23 22 22 4.8 4.5 4.5

District of Columbia.................................................... 29 26 29 3.8 3.3 3.8

Florida................................................................... 440 460 385 4.7 4.8 4.0

Georgia.................................................................. 302 199 220 6.3 4.1 4.5

Hawaii................................................................... 21 20 23 3.5 3.2 3.7

Idaho.................................................................... 48 32 43 5.7 3.7 5.0

Illinois.................................................................... 203 220 183 3.3 3.5 3.0

Indiana.................................................................. 138 138 148 4.3 4.3 4.6

Iowa..................................................................... 58 58 61 3.7 3.6 3.9

Kansas.................................................................. 62 79 50 4.4 5.4 3.5

Kentucky................................................................ 92 90 96 4.7 4.5 4.8

Louisiana................................................................ 97 100 90 5.1 5.1 4.6

Maine.................................................................... 21 23 20 3.3 3.4 3.0

Maryland................................................................ 108 104 109 4.0 3.8 4.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 127 102 100 3.4 2.7 2.6

Michigan................................................................ 167 160 171 3.8 3.6 3.9

Minnesota............................................................... 99 123 116 3.3 4.0 3.9

Mississippi.............................................................. 66 55 65 5.7 4.7 5.6

Missouri................................................................. 145 113 116 5.0 3.8 3.9

Montana................................................................. 29 26 31 5.6 5.0 5.9

Nebraska................................................................ 37 39 39 3.6 3.7 3.7

Nevada.................................................................. 84 64 72 5.7 4.2 4.7

New Hampshire........................................................ 26 34 28 3.8 4.9 3.9

New Jersey............................................................. 187 128 177 4.4 2.9 4.1

New Mexico............................................................ 43 44 43 5.1 5.0 4.9

New York............................................................... 275 272 302 2.9 2.8 3.1

North Carolina.......................................................... 238 209 218 5.0 4.3 4.5

North Dakota........................................................... 17 21 18 4.0 4.8 4.0

Ohio..................................................................... 241 211 214 4.3 3.7 3.8

Oklahoma............................................................... 80 81 83 4.8 4.7 4.8

Oregon.................................................................. 102 74 89 5.2 3.7 4.4

Pennsylvania........................................................... 230 236 209 3.8 3.8 3.4

Rhode Island........................................................... 20 19 21 4.1 3.8 4.3

South Carolina......................................................... 105 97 113 4.7 4.2 4.9

South Dakota........................................................... 16 20 18 3.4 4.2 3.8

Tennessee.............................................................. 173 132 156 5.4 4.0 4.7

Texas.................................................................... 566 598 564 4.2 4.3 4.1

Utah..................................................................... 74 70 74 4.4 4.0 4.3

Vermont................................................................. 10 13 12 3.2 4.1 4.0

Virginia.................................................................. 162 172 169 4.0 4.1 4.1

Washington............................................................. 154 110 141 4.3 3.0 3.9

West Virginia........................................................... 44 38 43 6.3 5.3 6.1

Wisconsin............................................................... 112 108 111 3.7 3.6 3.6

Wyoming................................................................ 15 12 15 5.1 4.1 5.1

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 4,615 4,097 4,091 3.0 2.6 2.6

Alabama................................................................. 71 66 68 3.3 3.1 3.2

Alaska................................................................... 11 11 9 3.1 3.1 2.5

Arizona.................................................................. 134 126 110 4.4 4.1 3.6

Arkansas................................................................ 51 42 46 3.9 3.1 3.4

California................................................................ 460 373 359 2.6 2.1 2.0

Colorado................................................................ 88 76 72 3.1 2.6 2.5

Connecticut............................................................. 45 37 41 2.7 2.2 2.4

Delaware................................................................ 16 16 15 3.4 3.2 3.0

District of Columbia.................................................... 19 19 19 2.5 2.4 2.4

Florida................................................................... 306 331 290 3.3 3.4 3.0

Georgia.................................................................. 214 136 153 4.5 2.8 3.1

Hawaii................................................................... 14 13 13 2.2 2.1 2.1

Idaho.................................................................... 29 22 27 3.5 2.6 3.1

Illinois.................................................................... 145 153 127 2.4 2.5 2.1

Indiana.................................................................. 107 94 103 3.3 2.9 3.2

Iowa..................................................................... 44 36 41 2.8 2.3 2.6

Kansas.................................................................. 52 54 37 3.7 3.7 2.6

Kentucky................................................................ 68 64 67 3.5 3.2 3.4

Louisiana................................................................ 70 69 63 3.7 3.5 3.2

Maine.................................................................... 16 13 12 2.5 2.0 1.7

Maryland................................................................ 75 72 70 2.7 2.6 2.5

Massachusetts......................................................... 99 58 57 2.7 1.5 1.5

Michigan................................................................ 130 107 112 3.0 2.4 2.5

Minnesota............................................................... 72 83 79 2.4 2.7 2.6

Mississippi.............................................................. 47 40 41 4.0 3.4 3.5

Missouri................................................................. 114 73 86 3.9 2.4 2.9

Montana................................................................. 18 18 16 3.5 3.3 3.1

Nebraska................................................................ 29 26 28 2.8 2.4 2.6

Nevada.................................................................. 54 45 45 3.6 2.9 2.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 19 22 16 2.7 3.1 2.3

New Jersey............................................................. 119 66 111 2.8 1.5 2.6

New Mexico............................................................ 25 30 23 3.0 3.5 2.6

New York............................................................... 207 151 182 2.2 1.5 1.9

North Carolina.......................................................... 163 157 146 3.4 3.2 3.0

North Dakota........................................................... 13 14 13 3.1 3.3 2.9

Ohio..................................................................... 141 143 154 2.5 2.5 2.7

Oklahoma............................................................... 59 61 59 3.5 3.5 3.4

Oregon.................................................................. 59 50 52 3.0 2.5 2.6

Pennsylvania........................................................... 146 138 151 2.4 2.2 2.5

Rhode Island........................................................... 15 11 12 3.0 2.1 2.3

South Carolina......................................................... 79 71 73 3.5 3.1 3.2

South Dakota........................................................... 12 13 12 2.6 2.9 2.7

Tennessee.............................................................. 129 97 108 4.0 2.9 3.3

Texas.................................................................... 431 445 400 3.2 3.2 2.9

Utah..................................................................... 50 46 46 3.0 2.7 2.7

Vermont................................................................. 7 7 8 2.3 2.2 2.5

Virginia.................................................................. 121 121 111 3.0 2.9 2.7

Washington............................................................. 93 72 93 2.6 2.0 2.5

West Virginia........................................................... 32 26 28 4.6 3.6 4.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 87 76 79 2.9 2.5 2.6

Wyoming................................................................ 9 8 9 3.2 2.6 3.1

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

July

2022

June

2023

July

2023p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 1,447 1,553 1,516 0.9 1.0 1.0

Alabama................................................................. 21 19 24 1.0 0.9 1.1

Alaska................................................................... 5 4 5 1.5 1.3 1.5

Arizona.................................................................. 27 60 34 0.9 1.9 1.1

Arkansas................................................................ 16 13 18 1.2 0.9 1.3

California................................................................ 103 153 135 0.6 0.8 0.7

Colorado................................................................ 28 29 34 1.0 1.0 1.2

Connecticut............................................................. 15 17 24 0.9 1.0 1.4

Delaware................................................................ 5 5 6 1.1 1.1 1.2

District of Columbia.................................................... 6 6 7 0.8 0.7 0.8

Florida................................................................... 109 103 76 1.2 1.1 0.8

Georgia.................................................................. 78 48 55 1.6 1.0 1.1

Hawaii................................................................... 5 6 6 0.8 1.0 1.0

Idaho.................................................................... 16 9 13 1.9 1.0 1.5

Illinois.................................................................... 48 50 43 0.8 0.8 0.7

Indiana.................................................................. 25 34 35 0.8 1.0 1.1

Iowa..................................................................... 11 18 13 0.7 1.1 0.8

Kansas.................................................................. 9 20 10 0.6 1.4 0.7

Kentucky................................................................ 18 22 20 0.9 1.1 1.0

Louisiana................................................................ 23 24 21 1.2 1.2 1.1

Maine.................................................................... 4 7 6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Maryland................................................................ 27 26 29 1.0 0.9 1.1

Massachusetts......................................................... 20 32 36 0.6 0.8 0.9

Michigan................................................................ 31 38 45 0.7 0.8 1.0

Minnesota............................................................... 23 33 22 0.8 1.1 0.7

Mississippi.............................................................. 16 12 20 1.4 1.0 1.8

Missouri................................................................. 28 29 23 1.0 1.0 0.8

Montana................................................................. 8 8 10 1.6 1.4 1.8

Nebraska................................................................ 7 10 8 0.7 1.0 0.8

Nevada.................................................................. 26 18 21 1.7 1.1 1.3

New Hampshire........................................................ 6 8 10 0.8 1.2 1.4

New Jersey............................................................. 56 49 53 1.3 1.1 1.2

New Mexico............................................................ 10 11 13 1.2 1.3 1.5

New York............................................................... 45 94 105 0.5 1.0 1.1

North Carolina.......................................................... 64 40 49 1.3 0.8 1.0

North Dakota........................................................... 3 5 4 0.8 1.1 0.8

Ohio..................................................................... 85 55 50 1.5 1.0 0.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 17 17 17 1.0 1.0 1.0

Oregon.................................................................. 24 21 26 1.2 1.0 1.3

Pennsylvania........................................................... 72 71 47 1.2 1.2 0.8

Rhode Island........................................................... 4 7 8 0.9 1.3 1.6

South Carolina......................................................... 20 21 33 0.9 0.9 1.4

South Dakota........................................................... 3 5 4 0.7 1.0 0.9

Tennessee.............................................................. 36 28 39 1.1 0.9 1.2

Texas.................................................................... 106 135 119 0.8 1.0 0.9

Utah..................................................................... 15 21 21 0.9 1.2 1.2

Vermont................................................................. 2 3 4 0.7 1.1 1.2

Virginia.................................................................. 30 42 45 0.7 1.0 1.1

Washington............................................................. 52 33 37 1.5 0.9 1.0

West Virginia........................................................... 9 9 11 1.3 1.3 1.6

Wisconsin............................................................... 21 25 20 0.7 0.8 0.7

Wyoming................................................................ 4 4 4 1.5 1.2 1.3

p Preliminary