1

Technical information: (202) 691-5870

 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 07-0373

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Tuesday, March 13, 2007

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JANUARY 2007

The job openings, hires, and total separations rates were unchanged in January, the Bureau of Labor

Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Despite little month-to-month change in the hires

and separations rates, there continues to be considerable churning in the labor market with large numbers of

hires and separations every month. This release includes monthly estimates of the number and rate of job

openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. This release

also includes annual estimates for hires and separations. The annual hires rate rose slightly in 2006 while the

turnover, or separations, rate held steady.

Job Openings

On the last business day of January 2007, there were 4.4 million job openings in the United States, and

the job openings rate was 3.1 percent. The job openings rate was little changed during the first half of 2006

but trended upward in the latter part of the year. At 3.1 percent for December and January, the job openings rate was the highest since February 2001. In January, the job openings rate rose in construction but fell

The job openings, hires, and separations data in this release have been revised to incorporate

annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Job Openings

and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) seasonal adjustment factors. See page 5 for more information.

Revisions to the JOLTS Data

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

 February 2004 - January 2007

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.9

Percent

2005 2006 2007

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

 February 2004 - January 2007

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.9

Percent

Separations

Hires

2005 2006 2007
2

 Job openings

Industry

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Hires Total separations

Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Dec.

2006 2007 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2007

Levels (in thousands)

Rates (percent)

2006 p p p

Jan. Jan. Jan.

in retail trade, leisure and hospitality, and accommodations and food services. Geographically, the job

openings rate increased in the West and decreased in the Northeast over the month. The seasonally adjusted job openings rate was highest in January for the following industries: professional and business services and accommodations and food services (4.1 percent each) and education and health services

(3.9 percent). (See table 1.)

For the year ending in January 2007, the job openings rate increased in nearly half the industries and

decreased only in finance and insurance and in real estate and rental and leasing. The job openings rate rose

over the year in the Midwest and West regions. (See table 5.)

Hires

The hires rate was unchanged at 3.6 percent, and the number of hires held steady at 5.0 million in

January. Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In January, the hires rate did not change

Total .................................................................... 3,950 4,401 4,372 4,876 4,959 4,984 4,478 4,540 4,549

Total private ..................................................... 3,538 3,928 3,892 4,546 4,662 4,637 4,180 4,253 4,242

Construction ................................................ 121 107 164 422 341 286 366 387 403

Manufacturing ............................................. 312 362 353 374 375 376 356 372 401

Trade, transportation, and utilities .......... 647 767 746 1,161 990 992 955 962 969

Retail trade ............................................... 411 471 419 828 699 733 682 707 672

Professional and business services ........ 763 745 764 916 963 962 831 851 872

Education and health services ................. 621 734 732 435 515 508 372 430 416

Leisure and hospitality .............................. 517 612 550 792 969 983 897 835 772

Accommodations and food services .. 453 538 485 687 793 849 792 757 623

Government ...................................................... 410 473 476 359 371 382 297 283 310

State and local government .................. 373 427 435 311 313 318 249 255 257

....................................................................

Total .................................................................... 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.3

Total private ..................................................... 3.0 3.3 3.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7

Construction ................................................ 1.6 1.4 2.1 5.5 4.4 3.7 4.8 5.0 5.2

Manufacturing ............................................. 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities .......... 2.4 2.8 2.8 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7

Retail trade ............................................... 2.6 3.0 2.7 5.4 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.6 4.4

Professional and business services ........ 4.2 4.0 4.1 5.3 5.4 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.9

Education and health services ................. 3.4 3.9 3.9 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality .............................. 3.8 4.4 3.9 6.1 7.2 7.3 6.9 6.2 5.8

Accommodations and food services .. 3.9 4.5 4.1 6.2 6.9 7.4 7.2 6.6 5.5

Government ...................................................... 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local government. ................. 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3

1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

 3 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.

 4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

 p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates

and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

1

1

2

3

4

1

1

2

3

4
3

significantly in any industry or region. The seasonally adjusted hires rate was highest in January for the

accommodations and food services industry (7.4 percent). (See table 2.)

From January 2006 to January 2007, the hires rate rose in wholesale trade; information; healthcare and

social assistance; accommodations and food services; and federal government. The rate declined in construction and in transportation, warehousing, and utilities. Regionally, the hires rate changed over the year

only in the Midwest, where it rose. (See table 6.)

Separations

The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged at 3.3 percent and the number of separations held

steady at 4.5 million in January. Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during

the month. In January, the total separations rate increased in government but decreased in accommodations

and food services. Geographically, there were no significant movements in the separations rate over the

month. From January 2006 to January 2007, the total separations rate rose in durable goods and in arts,

entertainment, and recreation but fell in accommodations and food services. The separations rate did not

change significantly in any region over the year. (See tables 3 and 7.)

Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary separations),

and other separations (including retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers’

ability to change jobs, was essentially unchanged at 1.9 percent in January. Over the month, the only industry to experience a change in the quits rate was accommodations and food services, in which the rate declined. None of the regions experienced a significant change in the quits rate. In January, the seasonally

adjusted quits rate was highest in the accommodations and food services industry (4.2 percent), which also

had the highest hires rate. (See table 4.)

From January 2006 to January 2007, the quits rate rose in durable goods manufacturing; nondurable

goods manufacturing; and professional and business services. The rate declined in accommodations and food

services. The quits rate did not change significantly in any region over the year. (See table 8.)

The other two components of total separations—layoffs and discharges, and other separations—are not

seasonally adjusted. From January 2006 to January 2007, the layoffs and discharges rate (1.2 percent) was

unchanged, and the level (1.7 million) was little changed. The construction industry had the highest layoffs

and discharges rate (4.3 percent). From January 2006 to January 2007, the other separations rate (0.3 percent) was unchanged, and the level (389,000) was little changed. (See tables 9 and 10.)

Flows in the Labor Market

Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market. Over the last 12 months, hires

have averaged 5.0 million per month and separations have averaged 4.6 million per month (not seasonally

adjusted). The comparable figures for the prior 12-month period were 4.8 million hires and 4.5 million

separations. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.)

Several industries have high rates of both hires and separations. These include construction; retail trade;

professional and business services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and accommodations and food services. In the last 12 months, these five industries produced 35.1 million hires and 32.9 million separations.

Thus, these five industries accounted for 59 percent of total nonfarm hires and 59 percent of total nonfarm

separations, while comprising only 39 percent of total nonfarm employment.
4

Annual Levels and Rates

This release contains the 2006 annual rates and levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. (See tables 11 through 20.) Annual figures for job openings are not calculated because job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-time, basis rather than on a flow basis

over a specified time period. The annual figures and additional tables are published with the release of

January data each year. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.)

Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. Annual hires rose for

the third year in a row, reaching 59.4 million (43.6 percent) in 2006 after weaker hiring in 2002 and 2003.

Total separations remained flat in 2006 at 55.4 million (40.7 percent) after rising in the prior 2 years. Quits

increased for the third year in a row, reaching 32.3 million (23.7 percent) in 2006. In contrast, layoffs and

discharges fell to 18.9 million (13.9 percent) after staying relatively flat over the past several years. Other

separations rose sharply to 4.2 million (3.1 percent) in 2006 after little change from 2001 through 2005.

For More Information

For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the JOLTS Web site at http://www.

bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by

calling (202) 691-5870.

______________________________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for February 2007 is scheduled to be issued on Tuesday,

April 10.
5

Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data

In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have

been revised to reflect annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment survey,

employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual benchmark

process resulted in revisions to all not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data series from April 2005 forward, the

time period since the last benchmark was established. Additionally, the seasonally adjusted JOLTS data

series have been recalculated from December 2000 forward to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Table B presents revisions to seasonally adjusted total nonfarm job openings data for April 2005

forward, while table C presents revisions to hires data, table D presents revisions to total separations data,

and table E presents revisions to quits data.

LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all revised historical seasonally adjusted

and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data. The data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at http://

www.bls.gov/jlt/.

Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by calling (202) 691-5870 or via the

Internet on the JOLTS homepage.

As

previously

published

As revised Difference

As

previously

published

As revised Difference

Levels (in thousands) Rates (percent)

Year and month

Table B. Revisions in job openings data, April 2005 - December 2006, seasonally adjusted

 2005

April ................................................ 3,589 3,588 -1 2.6 2.6 0.0

May ................................................. 3,364 3,485 121 2.5 2.5 .0

June ................................................. 3,598 3,635 37 2.6 2.6 .0

July .................................................. 3,580 3,644 64 2.6 2.6 .0

August ........................................... 3,697 3,631 -66 2.7 2.6 -.1

September ...................................... 3,728 3,729 1 2.7 2.7 .0

October........................................... 3,867 3,904 37 2.8 2.8 .0

November....................................... 4,031 4,021 -10 2.9 2.9 .0

December ....................................... 3,941 3,880 -61 2.8 2.8 .0

 2006

January ........................................... 3,981 3,950 -31 2.9 2.8 -.1

February ......................................... 3,994 3,972 -22 2.9 2.8 -.1

March ............................................. 4,089 3,999 -90 2.9 2.9 .0

April ................................................ 4,070 3,999 -71 2.9 2.9 .0

May ................................................. 3,945 4,037 92 2.8 2.9 .1

June ................................................. 3,960 3,995 35 2.8 2.9 .1

July .................................................. 3,844 3,891 47 2.8 2.8 .0

August ........................................... 4,061 4,188 127 2.9 3.0 .1

September ...................................... 4,154 4,177 23 3.0 3.0 .0

October........................................... 4,248 4,157 -91 3.0 3.0 .0

November....................................... 4,288 4,200 -88 3.1 3.0 -.1

December ....................................... 4,433 4,401 -32 3.2 3.1 -.1
6

As

previously

published

As revised Difference

As

previously

published

As revised Difference

Levels (in thousands) Rates (percent)

Year and month

Table C. Revisions in hires data, April 2005 - December 2006, seasonally adjusted

 2005

April ....................................................... 4,574 4,661 87 3.4 3.5 0.1

May ........................................................ 4,778 4,850 72 3.6 3.6 .0

June ........................................................ 4,807 4,803 -4 3.6 3.6 .0

July ......................................................... 4,727 4,645 -82 3.5 3.5 .0

August .................................................. 4,824 4,927 103 3.6 3.7 .1

September ............................................. 4,748 4,876 128 3.5 3.6 .1

October.................................................. 4,822 4,874 52 3.6 3.6 .0

November.............................................. 4,813 4,808 -5 3.6 3.6 .0

December .............................................. 4,694 4,697 3 3.5 3.5 .0

 2006

January .................................................. 4,941 4,876 -65 3.7 3.6 -.1

February ................................................ 4,954 4,955 1 3.7 3.7 .0

March .................................................... 4,884 4,877 -7 3.6 3.6 .0

April ....................................................... 4,649 4,741 92 3.4 3.5 .1

May ........................................................ 4,949 5,068 119 3.7 3.7 .0

June ........................................................ 4,899 4,986 87 3.6 3.7 .1

July ......................................................... 4,995 5,141 146 3.7 3.8 .1

August .................................................. 4,831 4,912 81 3.6 3.6 .0

September ............................................. 4,803 4,917 114 3.5 3.6 .1

October.................................................. 4,988 4,983 -5 3.7 3.6 -.1

November.............................................. 5,042 4,994 -48 3.7 3.6 -.1

December .............................................. 4,889 4,959 70 3.6 3.6 .0
7

As

previously

published

As revised Difference

As

previously

published

As revised Difference

Levels (in thousands) Rates (percent)

Year and month

Table D. Revisions in total separation data, April 2005 - December 2006, seasonally adjusted

 2005

April .................................................... 4,614 4,602 -12 3.5 3.5 0.0

May ..................................................... 4,543 4,531 -12 3.4 3.4 .0

June ..................................................... 4,590 4,527 -63 3.4 3.4 .0

July ...................................................... 4,464 4,457 -7 3.3 3.3 .0

August ............................................... 4,633 4,626 -7 3.5 3.4 -.1

September .......................................... 4,798 4,825 27 3.6 3.6 .0

October............................................... 4,359 4,392 33 3.3 3.3 .0

November........................................... 4,476 4,441 -35 3.3 3.3 .0

December ........................................... 4,359 4,490 131 3.2 3.3 .1

 2006

January ............................................... 4,285 4,478 193 3.2 3.3 .1

February ............................................. 4,531 4,601 70 3.4 3.4 .0

March ................................................. 4,681 4,846 165 3.5 3.6 .1

April .................................................... 4,495 4,405 -90 3.3 3.2 -.1

May ..................................................... 4,811 4,953 142 3.6 3.6 .0

June ..................................................... 4,631 4,654 23 3.4 3.4 .0

July ...................................................... 4,479 4,643 164 3.3 3.4 .1

August ............................................... 4,386 4,463 77 3.2 3.3 .1

September .......................................... 4,380 4,470 90 3.2 3.3 .1

October............................................... 4,524 4,613 89 3.3 3.4 .1

November........................................... 4,699 4,844 145 3.5 3.5 .0

December ........................................... 4,521 4,540 19 3.3 3.3 .0
8

As

previously

published

As revised Difference

As

previously

published

As revised Difference

Rates (percent)

Year and month

 2005

April ................................................. 2,586 2,581 -5 1.9 1.9 0.0

May .................................................. 2,534 2,509 -25 1.9 1.9 .0

June .................................................. 2,541 2,496 -45 1.9 1.9 .0

July ................................................... 2,511 2,524 13 1.9 1.9 .0

August ............................................ 2,651 2,646 -5 2.0 2.0 .0

September ....................................... 2,681 2,780 99 2.0 2.1 .1

October............................................ 2,619 2,605 -14 2.0 1.9 -.1

November........................................ 2,683 2,622 -61 2.0 1.9 -.1

December ........................................ 2,567 2,571 4 1.9 1.9 .0

 2006

January ............................................ 2,577 2,656 79 1.9 2.0 .1

February .......................................... 2,663 2,687 24 2.0 2.0 .0

March .............................................. 2,763 2,797 34 2.0 2.1 .1

April ................................................. 2,541 2,530 -11 1.9 1.9 .0

May .................................................. 2,723 2,785 62 2.0 2.0 .0

June .................................................. 2,699 2,748 49 2.0 2.0 .0

July ................................................... 2,623 2,668 45 1.9 2.0 .1

August ............................................ 2,597 2,692 95 1.9 2.0 .1

September ....................................... 2,473 2,566 93 1.8 1.9 .1

October............................................ 2,606 2,655 49 1.9 1.9 .0

November........................................ 2,794 2,774 -20 2.1 2.0 -.1

December ........................................ 2,681 2,759 78 2.0 2.0 .0

Table E. Revisions in quits data, April 2005 - December 2006, seasonally adjusted

Levels (in thousands)
Technical Note

The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey

(JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of

business establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics

(BLS).

Collection

Each month, data are collected in a survey of business

establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data collection

methods include computer-assisted telephone interviewing,

touchtone data entry, fax, and mail.

Coverage

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and

the District of Columbia.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in this

release are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to

ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce

Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the

industry code, location, and ownership classification of all

establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment

characteristics resulting from the verification process are

always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data

reported for the first month of the year.

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll

who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes

the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time,

permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly

employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or

other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated

businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without

pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as

employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee

leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are

counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment

where they are working.

Job openings. Establishments submit job openings

information for the last business day of the reference month.

A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and

there is work available for that position, 2) work could start

within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is

found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside

the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time,

part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings.

Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps

to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet,

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using

other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded

are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs

for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported

for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing

the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job

openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll

occurring at any time during the reference month, including

both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time,

permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees, employees

recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days,

on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after

having been formally separated, and transfers from other

locations. The hires count does not include transfers or

promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from

strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The

hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations are the total number of

terminations of employment occurring at any time during the

reference month, and are reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are

voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements,

which are reported as other separations). Layoffs and

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the

employer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal

layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other

discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term

employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other

separations include retirements, transfers to other locations,

deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not

include transfers within the same location or employees on

strike.

The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of

separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by

100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations

rates are computed similarly, dividing the number by

employment and multiplying by 100.

Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of

hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total

separations are released with the January news release each year.

The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs

and discharges, other separations, and total separations are

the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate

estimates are computed by dividing the annual level by the

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This

figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly

rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are

rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual estimates

are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates

will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,

measurement for the last business day of each month. Only

jobs still open on the last day of the month are counted. For

the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout

each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created

by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are

flow measures and are cumulated over the month with a total

reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be

created by summing the monthly estimates.

Sample methodology

The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000

nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices,

and stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in

the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The establishments

are drawn from a universe of over eight million establishments

compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of

Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program

includes all employers subject to state Unemployment

Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).

The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region,

industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample

with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are

controlled to the employment estimates of the Current

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data

elements. Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels.

Using JOLTS data

The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into

panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement

of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely

enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supplemental

panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates

were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data

collected up until those points are from less than a full sample.

Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with

caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time.

In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and

separations data were revised to address possible

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations

estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be

comparable with estimates for March 2002 and later.

The federal government reorganization that involved

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new

Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS

hires and separations estimates for the federal government.

The Office of Personnel Management’s record shows these

transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of

transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is

intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between

establishments. The Department of Homeland Security

reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion

of these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal

government time series.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the

X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal

adjustment is the process of estimating and removing periodic

fluctuations caused by events such as weather, holidays,

and the beginning and ending of the school year. Seasonal

adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in

the level of the series, particularly those associated with

general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current

month.

Prior to the January 2007 benchmark release in March 2007,

seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series was conducted using

the stable seasonal filter option since there were not enough data

observations available for the standard use of moving averages

as seasonal filters. Although the seasonal adjustment of the

JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is

customary, the number of observations is now above the minimum

required by X-12-ARIMA to use the normal seasonal filters.

Therefore, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal

filters is now in place for JOLTS seasonal adjustment. JOLTS

seasonal adjustment now includes both additive and

multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA

(regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the

seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the

series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. Due to

the improved diagnostics, three additional industries are now

seasonally adjusted: retail trade, accommodations and food

services, and state and local government. It is expected that more

series may be seasonally adjusted when more data are

available.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire

population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies

depending on the particular sample selected, and this

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.

BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of

confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true”
population value because of sampling error. Estimates of

sampling errors are available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including

the failure to include a segment of the population, the inability

to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis,

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or

processing of the data, and errors from the employment

benchmark data used in estimation.

JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to

exactly explain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment.

Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in

payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations,

especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period for

payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the

month, while the reference period for hires and separations is

the calendar month; and 2) payroll employment can vary from

month to month simply because part-time and on-call workers

may not always work during the pay period that includes the

12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some

reporters systematically underreport separations relative to

hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their

payroll systems and practices. The shortfall appears to be

about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p

Total 4.................................................................. 3,950 4,188 4,177 4,157 4,200 4,401 4,372 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4

...................................................... 3,538 3,714 3,715 3,702 3,735 3,928 3,892 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3

Construction................................................... 121 185 148 137 106 107 164 1.6 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 2.1

Manufacturing................................................ 312 330 317 364 328 362 353 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5..................... 647 741 721 658 671 767 746 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.8

Retail trade................................................... 411 431 396 370 417 471 419 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.7

Professional and business services..................... 763 682 755 709 705 745 764 4.2 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.1

Education and health services........................... 621 683 701 749 713 734 732 3.4 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9

Leisure and hospitality 6.................................... 517 525 544 579 625 612 550 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.4 3.9

Accommodations and food services.................. 453 471 469 487 528 538 485 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.1

Government 7...................................................... 410 469 467 460 463 473 476 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1

State and local government............................... 373 422 430 423 427 427 435 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2

REGION 8

Northeast...................................................... 711 746 770 760 772 849 755 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9

South............................................................ 1,569 1,599 1,626 1,649 1,572 1,674 1,632 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.2

Midwest......................................................... 738 851 789 769 770 810 837 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6

West............................................................... 904 1,009 1,017 989 1,034 1,044 1,118 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day

of the month. New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, 

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, 

day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,

 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

seasonal adjustment of the various series. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; 

 4

 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, 

and other services, not shown separately. New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, p = preliminary.

not shown separately. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the 

 6

 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

 7

 Includes federal government not shown separately.

 8

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise 

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p

Total 4.................................................................. 4,876 4,912 4,917 4,983 4,994 4,959 4,984 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private 4

...................................................... 4,546 4,434 4,482 4,616 4,665 4,662 4,637 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0

Construction................................................... 422 369 336 345 395 341 286 5.5 4.8 4.4 4.5 5.1 4.4 3.7

Manufacturing................................................ 374 359 314 366 363 375 376 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5..................... 1,161 1,070 965 1,008 1,012 990 992 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

Retail trade................................................... 828 724 710 713 737 699 733 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.8

Professional and business services..................... 916 830 1,028 994 1,010 963 962 5.3 4.7 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.4

Education and health services........................... 435 478 467 529 492 515 508 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality 6.................................... 792 834 859 893 903 969 983 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.8 7.2 7.3

Accommodations and food services.................. 687 713 756 758 748 793 849 6.2 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.4

Government 7...................................................... 359 407 386 363 348 371 382 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

State and local government............................... 311 336 318 320 303 313 318 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

REGION 8

Northeast...................................................... 733 729 720 727 713 768 808 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.1

South............................................................ 1,970 1,927 2,019 1,969 1,979 1,900 1,890 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8

Midwest......................................................... 949 1,053 1,031 1,097 1,061 1,150 1,165 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.7

West............................................................... 1,258 1,176 1,163 1,198 1,249 1,209 1,165 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.8

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

4

 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.

7

 Includes federal government not shown separately.

8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

p

 = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3 (in thousands) Rates

adjustment factors.

Industry and region

Industry and region

the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p

Total 4............................................................... 4,478 4,463 4,470 4,613 4,844 4,540 4,549 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4

...................................................... 4,180 4,158 4,123 4,323 4,543 4,253 4,242 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.7

Construction................................................... 366 346 346 373 413 387 403 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.8 5.4 5.0 5.2

Manufacturing................................................ 356 368 389 359 360 372 401 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5..................... 955 1,002 990 987 1,020 962 969 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7

Retail trade................................................ 682 699 686 688 719 707 672 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.4

Professional and business services..................... 831 728 824 921 974 851 872 4.8 4.1 4.7 5.2 5.5 4.8 4.9

Education and health services........................... 372 437 396 424 430 430 416 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality 6.................................... 897 804 726 791 838 835 772 6.9 6.1 5.5 6.0 6.3 6.2 5.8

Accommodations and food services.................. 792 688 607 673 721 757 623 7.2 6.1 5.4 5.9 6.3 6.6 5.5

Government 7................................................... 297 307 315 298 305 283 310 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local government............................... 249 242 251 248 256 255 257 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

REGION 8

Northeast...................................................... 683 697 731 745 707 670 740 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.9

South............................................................ 1,707 1,828 1,742 1,709 2,011 1,796 1,778 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 4.1 3.7 3.6

Midwest......................................................... 1,012 962 970 1,072 985 1,054 991 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.1

West............................................................ 1,071 1,044 1,031 1,081 1,079 1,036 1,046 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

4

 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.

7

 Includes federal government not shown separately.

8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

p

 = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p

Total4.................................................................. 2,656 2,692 2,566 2,655 2,774 2,759 2,665 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private4

...................................................... 2,518 2,532 2,400 2,513 2,625 2,615 2,518 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2

Construction................................................... 186 153 135 137 144 143 145 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9

Manufacturing................................................ 193 201 185 196 211 222 235 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities5..................... 599 610 591 593 661 597 580 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2

Retail trade................................................ 448 435 430 438 472 438 412 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.7

Professional and business services..................... 405 424 443 475 486 497 496 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8

Education and health services........................... 249 295 263 274 278 289 271 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

Leisure and hospitality6.................................... 610 553 510 542 565 602 529 4.7 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.0

Accommodations and food services.................. 567 508 462 496 520 560 479 5.1 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.2

Government7...................................................... 142 158 160 144 147 146 152 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7

State and local government............................... 122 130 125 124 125 130 129 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7

REGION 8

Northeast...................................................... 385 409 383 359 409 367 355 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4

South............................................................ 1,111 1,140 1,102 1,101 1,167 1,171 1,115 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3

Midwest......................................................... 546 558 541 604 543 559 579 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8

West............................................................ 618 575 551 592 645 638 619 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

4

 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.

7

 Includes federal government not shown separately.

8

 See footnote 8, table 1. 

p

 = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. 

Levels3 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p

Total............................................................... 3,626 3,888 4,022 2.7 2.7 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 3,248 3,451 3,583 2.8 2.9 3.1

Natural resources and mining........................ 10 15 16 1.5 2.2 2.3

Construction................................................ 101 73 137 1.4 1.0 1.8

Manufacturing............................................. 303 323 344 2.1 2.2 2.4

Durable goods.......................................... 211 201 209 2.3 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods.................................... 92 122 135 1.7 2.3 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 559 647 654 2.1 2.3 2.4

Wholesale trade....................................... 106 140 171 1.8 2.3 2.8

Retail trade.......................................... 348 378 354 2.2 2.3 2.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 105 129 129 2.1 2.5 2.5

Information................................................ 120 135 168 3.8 4.2 5.2

Financial activities......................................... 320 218 220 3.7 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance.............................. 233 152 177 3.7 2.4 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 87 67 44 4.0 2.9 2.0

Professional and business services.................. 720 702 726 4.1 3.8 4.0

Education and health services........................ 587 695 689 3.2 3.7 3.7

Educational services................................. 58 69 49 2.0 2.2 1.7

Health care and social assistance.................. 529 626 640 3.5 4.0 4.1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 459 491 487 3.6 3.6 3.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 60 55 61 3.5 3.0 3.4

Accommodations and food services............... 399 436 426 3.6 3.7 3.7

Other services............................................. 70 150 142 1.3 2.7 2.6

Government................................................... 378 436 438 1.7 1.9 2.0

Federal...................................................... 35 41 38 1.3 1.5 1.4

State and local........................................... 344 395 400 1.8 2.0 2.0

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 621 732 659 2.4 2.8 2.5

South......................................................... 1,468 1,514 1,526 3.0 3.0 3.1

Midwest...................................................... 674 689 762 2.1 2.1 2.4

West......................................................... 863 953 1,075 2.8 3.0 3.4

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p

Total............................................................... 4,207 3,720 4,311 3.2 2.7 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 3,880 3,493 3,962 3.5 3.0 3.5

Natural resources and mining........................ 15 16 23 2.4 2.3 3.3

Construction................................................ 320 212 215 4.4 2.8 2.9

Manufacturing............................................. 370 252 371 2.6 1.8 2.7

Durable goods.......................................... 209 142 227 2.3 1.6 2.6

Nondurable goods.................................... 162 109 144 3.1 2.1 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 873 795 751 3.4 3.0 2.9

Wholesale trade....................................... 99 98 145 1.7 1.7 2.5

Retail trade.......................................... 555 559 496 3.6 3.5 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 218 138 110 4.4 2.7 2.2

Information................................................ 66 53 98 2.2 1.7 3.2

Financial activities......................................... 177 170 191 2.2 2.0 2.3

Finance and insurance.............................. 131 111 134 2.1 1.8 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 46 59 57 2.2 2.7 2.6

Professional and business services.................. 874 788 918 5.2 4.4 5.3

Education and health services........................ 408 374 475 2.3 2.1 2.6

Educational services................................. 64 36 69 2.3 1.2 2.4

Health care and social assistance.................. 344 339 406 2.3 2.2 2.7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 617 727 770 5.0 5.6 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 78 133 103 4.6 7.4 5.9

Accommodations and food services............... 539 594 667 5.1 5.3 6.0

Other services............................................. 161 106 152 3.0 1.9 2.8

Government................................................... 327 227 348 1.5 1.0 1.6

Federal...................................................... 44 51 59 1.6 1.9 2.2

State and local........................................... 283 176 289 1.5 .9 1.5

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 559 556 620 2.2 2.2 2.5

South......................................................... 1,785 1,411 1,711 3.7 2.9 3.5

Midwest...................................................... 812 792 1,005 2.6 2.5 3.2

West......................................................... 1,052 961 975 3.5 3.1 3.2

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p

Total............................................................... 4,331 4,369 4,389 3.3 3.2 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 4,085 4,136 4,133 3.7 3.6 3.7

Natural resources and mining........................ 18 15 20 2.8 2.2 2.8

Construction................................................ 426 407 467 5.9 5.4 6.4

Manufacturing............................................. 352 332 397 2.5 2.4 2.8

Durable goods.......................................... 193 195 243 2.2 2.2 2.7

Nondurable goods.................................... 159 138 154 3.1 2.7 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 1,005 1,080 1,001 3.9 4.0 3.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 102 130 111 1.8 2.2 1.9

Retail trade.......................................... 768 806 744 5.0 5.1 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 135 144 146 2.7 2.8 2.9

Information................................................ 78 72 75 2.6 2.3 2.5

Financial activities......................................... 179 217 152 2.2 2.6 1.8

Finance and insurance.............................. 117 145 105 1.9 2.3 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 62 72 47 2.9 3.3 2.2

Professional and business services.................. 779 823 823 4.6 4.6 4.7

Education and health services........................ 345 360 375 2.0 2.0 2.1

Educational services................................. 39 45 54 1.4 1.5 1.9

Health care and social assistance.................. 306 315 320 2.1 2.1 2.1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 776 712 666 6.3 5.4 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 51 62 97 3.0 3.4 5.6

Accommodations and food services............... 726 650 569 6.8 5.8 5.2

Other services............................................. 127 117 156 2.4 2.2 2.9

Government................................................... 246 233 256 1.1 1.0 1.2

Federal...................................................... 48 35 53 1.8 1.3 2.0

State and local........................................... 198 198 204 1.0 1.0 1.1

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 662 671 718 2.7 2.6 2.8

South......................................................... 1,617 1,661 1,676 3.4 3.4 3.5

Midwest...................................................... 1,007 1,052 984 3.3 3.3 3.2

West......................................................... 1,045 986 1,011 3.5 3.2 3.3

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p

Total............................................................... 2,330 2,296 2,336 1.8 1.7 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 2,216 2,186 2,214 2.0 1.9 2.0

Natural resources and mining........................ 9 8 7 1.4 1.1 1.0

Construction................................................ 151 115 117 2.1 1.5 1.6

Manufacturing............................................. 165 158 202 1.2 1.1 1.4

Durable goods.......................................... 95 83 120 1.1 .9 1.3

Nondurable goods.................................... 70 76 83 1.4 1.5 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 531 544 512 2.0 2.0 2.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 61 71 71 1.1 1.2 1.2

Retail trade.......................................... 403 404 369 2.6 2.5 2.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 67 69 72 1.4 1.3 1.4

Information................................................ 60 41 50 2.0 1.3 1.6

Financial activities......................................... 103 109 86 1.3 1.3 1.0

Finance and insurance.............................. 74 72 69 1.2 1.2 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 29 37 17 1.4 1.7 .8

Professional and business services.................. 368 422 455 2.2 2.4 2.6

Education and health services........................ 217 244 232 1.2 1.3 1.3

Educational services................................. 24 20 25 .8 .6 .9

Health care and social assistance.................. 193 224 207 1.3 1.5 1.4

Leisure and hospitality................................. 539 485 463 4.4 3.7 3.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 27 31 31 1.6 1.7 1.8

Accommodations and food services............... 512 454 433 4.8 4.0 3.9

Other services............................................. 72 59 90 1.4 1.1 1.7

Government................................................... 114 109 122 .5 .5 .6

Federal...................................................... 16 12 18 .6 .5 .7

State and local........................................... 98 97 104 .5 .5 .5

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 315 294 291 1.3 1.1 1.2

South......................................................... 984 983 984 2.1 2.0 2.0

Midwest...................................................... 487 470 517 1.6 1.5 1.7

West......................................................... 544 548 544 1.8 1.8 1.8

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimate.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p

Total............................................................... 1,627 1,789 1,665 1.2 1.3 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 1,553 1,710 1,590 1.4 1.5 1.4

Natural resources and mining........................ 5 6 9 .8 .8 1.3

Construction................................................ 258 285 315 3.6 3.8 4.3

Manufacturing............................................. 141 148 161 1.0 1.0 1.2

Durable goods.......................................... 68 93 98 .8 1.0 1.1

Nondurable goods.................................... 74 56 63 1.4 1.1 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 409 458 394 1.6 1.7 1.5

Wholesale trade....................................... 33 41 32 .6 .7 .5

Retail trade.......................................... 325 353 311 2.1 2.2 2.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 52 64 51 1.1 1.3 1.0

Information................................................ 11 26 21 .4 .8 .7

Financial activities......................................... 61 80 54 .7 .9 .6

Finance and insurance.............................. 37 48 29 .6 .8 .5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 24 31 26 1.1 1.4 1.2

Professional and business services.................. 301 361 310 1.8 2.0 1.8

Education and health services........................ 103 90 97 .6 .5 .5

Educational services................................. 12 20 26 .4 .7 .9

Health care and social assistance.................. 91 70 71 .6 .5 .5

Leisure and hospitality................................. 215 204 180 1.7 1.6 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 20 27 62 1.2 1.5 3.6

Accommodations and food services............... 195 177 119 1.8 1.6 1.1

Other services............................................. 49 52 50 .9 1.0 .9

Government................................................... 74 79 75 .3 .4 .3

Federal...................................................... 11 13 14 .4 .5 .5

State and local........................................... 63 66 61 .3 .3 .3

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 283 332 364 1.1 1.3 1.4

South......................................................... 523 568 553 1.1 1.1 1.1

Midwest...................................................... 386 517 384 1.3 1.6 1.2

West......................................................... 435 372 364 1.5 1.2 1.2

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.

2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p

Total............................................................... 373 284 389 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 316 240 329 .3 .2 .3

Natural resources and mining........................ 4 1 4 .6 .2 .6

Construction................................................ 17 7 34 .2 .1 .5

Manufacturing............................................. 45 26 34 .3 .2 .2

Durable goods.......................................... 30 20 25 .3 .2 .3

Nondurable goods.................................... 15 6 9 .3 .1 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 65 78 96 .2 .3 .4

Wholesale trade....................................... 8 18 8 .1 .3 .1

Retail trade.......................................... 40 49 64 .3 .3 .4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 16 11 23 .3 .2 .5

Information................................................ 7 4 5 .2 .1 .2

Financial activities......................................... 15 28 12 .2 .3 .1

Finance and insurance.............................. 6 25 7 .1 .4 .1

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 8 3 5 .4 .2 .2

Professional and business services.................. 110 40 59 .7 .2 .3

Education and health services........................ 25 26 46 .1 .1 .3

Educational services................................. 3 5 3 .1 .2 .1

Health care and social assistance.................. 22 21 43 .2 .1 .3

Leisure and hospitality................................. 22 23 23 .2 .2 .2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 4 4 5 .2 .2 .3

Accommodations and food services............... 18 19 17 .2 .2 .2

Other services............................................. 6 6 16 .1 .1 .3

Government................................................... 58 45 60 .3 .2 .3

Federal...................................................... 21 9 21 .8 .3 .8

State and local........................................... 36 35 39 .2 .2 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 64 44 64 .3 .2 .3

South......................................................... 110 110 140 .2 .2 .3

Midwest...................................................... 134 64 82 .4 .2 .3

West......................................................... 65 66 103 .2 .2 .3

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 11. Annual hires levels 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Total............................................................... 54,578 49,718 49,294 54,721 57,491 59,400

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 50,401 45,673 45,620 50,858 53,416 54,851

Natural resources and mining........................ 221 219 216 229 257 257

Construction................................................ 4,501 4,421 4,580 4,677 5,150 4,513

Manufacturing............................................. 4,130 4,062 3,861 4,316 4,112 4,278

Durable goods.......................................... 2,239 2,356 2,389 2,718 2,592 2,549

Nondurable goods.................................... 1,890 1,704 1,470 1,598 1,521 1,730

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 11,984 10,517 10,389 11,988 12,289 12,640

Wholesale trade....................................... 1,711 1,556 1,481 1,702 1,720 1,629

Retail trade............................................. 8,621 7,557 7,423 8,392 8,530 8,909

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 1,651 1,406 1,489 1,893 2,039 2,100

Information................................................ 967 799 748 792 881 974

Financial activities......................................... 2,207 2,002 2,031 2,292 2,281 2,512

Finance and insurance.............................. 1,444 1,253 1,209 1,354 1,436 1,608

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 763 749 820 939 845 903

Professional and business services.................. 8,521 7,758 7,842 9,416 10,554 11,328

Education and health services........................ 5,484 5,133 5,164 5,253 5,619 5,905

Educational services................................. 686 587 726 713 721 840

Health care and social assistance.................. 4,798 4,544 4,439 4,541 4,898 5,066

Leisure and hospitality................................. 10,397 8,868 8,628 9,670 9,893 10,336

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 1,543 1,383 1,349 1,495 1,503 1,509

Accommodations and food services............... 8,854 7,484 7,281 8,173 8,391 8,828

Other services............................................. 1,992 1,899 2,160 2,223 2,384 2,106

Government................................................... 4,177 4,043 3,674 3,863 4,075 4,549

Federal...................................................... 513 617 476 464 492 699

State and local........................................... 3,667 3,426 3,197 3,399 3,586 3,848

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 9,102 7,900 8,687 9,745 9,331 9,233

South......................................................... 20,335 19,079 18,705 20,998 22,069 23,250

Midwest...................................................... 13,439 11,561 10,666 11,931 12,403 12,658

West......................................................... 11,703 11,179 11,236 12,048 13,689 14,259

 1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year. 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 12. Annual hires rates 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Total............................................................... 41.4 38.1 37.9 41.6 43.0 43.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 45.5 42.0 42.1 46.3 47.7 48.0

Natural resources and mining........................ 36.5 37.6 37.8 38.7 40.9 37.6

Construction................................................ 65.9 65.8 68.0 67.0 70.2 58.7

Manufacturing............................................. 25.1 26.6 26.6 30.2 28.9 30.1

Durable goods.......................................... 21.7 24.8 26.7 30.5 28.9 28.3

Nondurable goods.................................... 30.9 29.5 26.5 29.6 28.9 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 46.1 41.2 41.1 47.0 47.3 48.2

Wholesale trade....................................... 29.6 27.5 26.4 30.1 29.8 27.6

Retail trade............................................. 56.6 50.3 49.8 55.7 55.8 58.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 33.2 29.2 31.3 39.3 41.5 41.9

Information................................................ 26.6 23.5 23.5 25.4 28.8 31.9

Financial activities......................................... 28.3 25.5 25.5 28.5 28.0 30.0

Finance and insurance.............................. 25.0 21.5 20.4 22.8 23.8 26.0

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 37.5 36.9 39.9 45.1 39.7 41.4

Professional and business services.................. 51.7 48.6 49.1 57.4 62.3 64.5

Education and health services........................ 35.1 31.7 31.1 31.0 32.3 33.1

Educational services................................. 27.3 22.2 26.9 25.8 25.4 28.8

Health care and social assistance.................. 36.5 33.5 32.0 32.0 33.7 34.0

Leisure and hospitality................................. 86.4 74.0 70.9 77.4 77.2 78.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 84.6 77.6 74.4 80.8 79.4 78.3

Accommodations and food services............... 86.7 73.4 70.3 76.8 76.8 78.7

Other services............................................. 37.9 35.3 40.0 41.1 44.2 38.8

Government................................................... 19.8 18.8 17.0 17.9 18.7 20.7

Federal...................................................... 18.6 22.3 17.2 17.0 18.0 25.6

State and local........................................... 20.0 18.3 17.0 18.0 18.8 20.0

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 36.2 31.7 34.9 39.2 37.3 36.3

South......................................................... 43.7 41.4 40.7 44.9 46.1 47.6

Midwest...................................................... 42.9 37.4 34.7 38.8 40.1 40.3

West......................................................... 40.7 39.3 39.6 41.5 45.9 46.8

 1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment. 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 13. Annual total separations levels 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Total............................................................... 54,556 49,597 48,294 51,779 54,609 55,422

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 51,406 46,454 45,136 48,479 51,286 51,715

Natural resources and mining........................ 233 229 218 216 206 227

Construction................................................ 4,794 4,531 4,555 4,638 4,847 4,653

Manufacturing............................................. 6,177 5,121 4,350 4,255 4,469 4,483

Durable goods.......................................... 3,800 3,148 2,709 2,661 2,829 2,590

Nondurable goods.................................... 2,378 1,972 1,641 1,591 1,640 1,896

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 12,324 11,108 10,682 11,704 11,983 11,995

Wholesale trade....................................... 1,820 1,777 1,647 1,720 1,602 1,716

Retail trade............................................. 8,725 7,750 7,378 8,177 8,424 8,517

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 1,778 1,584 1,657 1,810 1,955 1,760

Information................................................ 1,181 960 796 927 893 944

Financial activities......................................... 2,147 2,099 1,899 2,161 2,134 2,540

Finance and insurance.............................. 1,369 1,330 1,162 1,339 1,367 1,607

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 776 772 738 824 769 931

Professional and business services.................. 7,858 7,078 7,362 8,568 9,816 10,061

Education and health services........................ 4,779 4,570 4,500 4,710 4,969 5,099

Educational services................................. 489 566 627 594 638 692

Health care and social assistance.................. 4,292 4,001 3,874 4,118 4,331 4,410

Leisure and hospitality................................. 9,939 8,737 8,589 9,012 9,674 9,734

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 1,370 1,370 1,334 1,493 1,409 1,328

Accommodations and food services............... 8,570 7,366 7,257 7,520 8,266 8,405

Other services............................................. 1,977 2,024 2,185 2,285 2,300 1,981

Government................................................... 3,150 3,144 3,158 3,298 3,325 3,706

Federal...................................................... 403 409 468 414 446 681

State and local........................................... 2,745 2,734 2,688 2,888 2,880 3,024

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 9,053 8,136 8,283 9,169 8,880 8,654

South......................................................... 19,710 18,752 18,579 19,356 20,928 21,765

Midwest...................................................... 13,856 11,307 10,596 11,378 12,032 12,073

West......................................................... 11,936 11,403 10,836 11,878 12,773 12,930

 1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year. 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 14. Annual total separations rates 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Total............................................................... 41.4 38.1 37.1 39.4 40.8 40.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 46.4 42.7 41.6 44.1 45.8 45.3

Natural resources and mining........................ 38.4 39.3 38.1 36.5 32.8 33.2

Construction................................................ 70.2 67.5 67.6 66.5 66.1 60.5

Manufacturing............................................. 37.6 33.6 30.0 29.7 31.4 31.6

Durable goods.......................................... 36.8 33.2 30.2 29.8 31.6 28.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 38.9 34.1 29.6 29.5 31.1 36.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 47.4 43.6 42.2 45.8 46.2 45.7

Wholesale trade....................................... 31.5 31.4 29.4 30.4 27.8 29.1

Retail trade............................................. 57.3 51.6 49.5 54.3 55.1 55.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 35.8 32.9 34.8 37.6 39.8 35.1

Information................................................ 32.5 28.3 25.0 29.7 29.2 30.9

Financial activities......................................... 27.5 26.7 23.8 26.9 26.2 30.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 23.7 22.9 19.6 22.5 22.7 26.0

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 38.1 38.0 35.9 39.6 36.1 42.7

Professional and business services.................. 47.7 44.3 46.0 52.3 57.9 57.3

Education and health services........................ 30.5 28.2 27.1 27.8 28.6 28.6

Educational services................................. 19.5 21.4 23.3 21.5 22.5 23.7

Health care and social assistance.................. 32.7 29.5 27.9 29.0 29.8 29.6

Leisure and hospitality................................. 82.6 72.9 70.6 72.1 75.5 74.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 75.1 76.8 73.6 80.7 74.5 68.9

Accommodations and food services............... 83.9 72.2 70.0 70.7 75.7 74.9

Other services............................................. 37.6 37.7 40.5 42.2 42.6 36.5

Government................................................... 14.9 14.6 14.6 15.3 15.2 16.9

Federal...................................................... 14.6 14.8 17.0 15.2 16.3 25.0

State and local........................................... 15.0 14.6 14.3 15.3 15.1 15.7

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 36.0 32.6 33.3 36.9 35.5 34.0

South......................................................... 42.3 40.7 40.4 41.3 43.7 44.6

Midwest...................................................... 44.2 36.6 34.4 37.0 38.9 38.4

West......................................................... 41.5 40.1 38.2 41.0 42.8 42.4

 1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average

employment.

 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 15. Annual quits levels 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Total............................................................... 30,817 26,833 24,881 27,939 30,825 32,292

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 29,127 25,282 23,452 26,375 29,229 30,461

Natural resources and mining........................ 103 87 83 98 110 128

Construction................................................ 1,869 1,657 1,563 1,766 2,098 1,977

Manufacturing............................................. 2,463 2,142 1,870 2,140 2,288 2,356

Durable goods.......................................... 1,423 1,271 1,161 1,322 1,421 1,345

Nondurable goods.................................... 1,042 870 712 815 868 1,014

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 7,499 6,401 5,738 6,581 7,117 7,337

Wholesale trade....................................... 979 918 845 881 873 973

Retail trade............................................. 5,591 4,730 4,229 4,927 5,340 5,391

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 929 756 664 772 904 972

Information................................................ 682 496 440 499 581 670

Financial activities......................................... 1,259 1,177 1,103 1,315 1,262 1,527

Finance and insurance.............................. 830 767 666 814 850 1,018

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 428 410 436 499 412 508

Professional and business services.................. 4,293 3,679 3,453 4,085 4,698 5,244

Education and health services........................ 3,184 2,835 2,723 2,933 3,219 3,312

Educational services................................. 282 312 293 304 354 357

Health care and social assistance.................. 2,905 2,526 2,427 2,630 2,865 2,956

Leisure and hospitality................................. 6,647 5,605 5,309 5,554 6,396 6,751

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 609 619 537 505 596 549

Accommodations and food services............... 6,038 4,989 4,775 5,049 5,802 6,201

Other services............................................. 1,128 1,200 1,176 1,402 1,458 1,157

Government................................................... 1,690 1,553 1,428 1,562 1,598 1,827

Federal...................................................... 254 209 194 163 173 306

State and local........................................... 1,436 1,343 1,234 1,397 1,426 1,520

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 4,929 3,971 3,660 4,104 4,504 4,592

South......................................................... 11,783 10,708 10,200 11,304 12,521 13,681

Midwest...................................................... 7,727 6,057 5,467 6,034 6,521 6,753

West......................................................... 6,380 6,097 5,552 6,495 7,283 7,266

 1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year. 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 16. Annual quits rates 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Total............................................................... 23.4 20.6 19.1 21.3 23.1 23.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 26.3 23.2 21.6 24.0 26.1 26.7

Natural resources and mining........................ 17.0 14.9 14.5 16.6 17.5 18.7

Construction................................................ 27.4 24.7 23.2 25.3 28.6 25.7

Manufacturing............................................. 15.0 14.0 12.9 14.9 16.1 16.6

Durable goods.......................................... 13.8 13.4 13.0 14.8 15.9 14.9

Nondurable goods.................................... 17.1 15.1 12.8 15.1 16.5 19.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 28.9 25.1 22.7 25.8 27.4 28.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 17.0 16.2 15.1 15.6 15.1 16.5

Retail trade............................................. 36.7 31.5 28.4 32.7 34.9 35.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 18.7 15.7 13.9 16.0 18.4 19.4

Information................................................ 18.8 14.6 13.8 16.0 19.0 21.9

Financial activities......................................... 16.1 15.0 13.8 16.4 15.5 18.3

Finance and insurance.............................. 14.4 13.2 11.2 13.7 14.1 16.5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 21.0 20.2 21.2 24.0 19.3 23.3

Professional and business services.................. 26.1 23.0 21.6 24.9 27.7 29.9

Education and health services........................ 20.4 17.5 16.4 17.3 18.5 18.6

Educational services................................. 11.2 11.8 10.9 11.0 12.5 12.2

Health care and social assistance.................. 22.1 18.6 17.5 18.5 19.7 19.8

Leisure and hospitality................................. 55.2 46.8 43.6 44.5 49.9 51.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 33.4 34.7 29.6 27.3 31.5 28.5

Accommodations and food services............... 59.1 48.9 46.1 47.4 53.1 55.3

Other services............................................. 21.5 22.3 21.8 25.9 27.0 21.3

Government................................................... 8.0 7.2 6.6 7.2 7.3 8.3

Federal...................................................... 9.2 7.6 7.0 6.0 6.3 11.2

State and local........................................... 7.8 7.2 6.6 7.4 7.5 7.9

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 19.6 15.9 14.7 16.5 18.0 18.1

South......................................................... 25.3 23.3 22.2 24.1 26.1 28.0

Midwest...................................................... 24.7 19.6 17.8 19.6 21.1 21.5

West......................................................... 22.2 21.4 19.6 22.4 24.4 23.9

 1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment. 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment 

estimates. 

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 17. Annual layoff and discharges levels 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Total............................................................... 19,954 19,023 19,746 20,153 20,014 18,911

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 19,048 18,057 18,628 19,048 18,886 17,699

Natural resources and mining........................ 107 103 95 70 70 69

Construction................................................ 2,697 2,705 2,827 2,677 2,564 2,388

Manufacturing............................................. 3,186 2,555 2,073 1,799 1,771 1,725

Durable goods.......................................... 1,995 1,600 1,285 1,129 1,108 974

Nondurable goods.................................... 1,197 956 788 673 662 754

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 4,147 3,944 4,151 4,315 4,144 3,669

Wholesale trade....................................... 727 733 666 706 628 556

Retail trade............................................. 2,713 2,534 2,691 2,750 2,651 2,532

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 706 674 791 860 865 584

Information................................................ 415 394 306 360 231 199

Financial activities......................................... 645 723 576 605 677 771

Finance and insurance.............................. 347 409 329 321 356 402

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 298 313 247 283 319 368

Professional and business services.................. 3,012 2,771 3,367 3,922 4,370 4,079

Education and health services........................ 1,226 1,369 1,428 1,441 1,415 1,417

Educational services................................. 150 209 285 251 239 287

Health care and social assistance.................. 1,076 1,161 1,143 1,191 1,174 1,129

Leisure and hospitality................................. 2,924 2,804 2,941 3,116 2,947 2,703

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 728 725 771 957 782 744

Accommodations and food services............... 2,197 2,077 2,173 2,160 2,160 1,958

Other services............................................. 685 686 860 740 701 677

Government................................................... 907 967 1,120 1,102 1,128 1,212

Federal...................................................... 61 117 164 111 148 191

State and local........................................... 846 849 954 994 981 1,021

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 3,425 3,447 3,899 4,282 3,739 3,308

South......................................................... 6,566 6,726 7,065 6,741 7,095 6,547

Midwest...................................................... 5,121 4,394 4,336 4,558 4,656 4,366

West......................................................... 4,843 4,455 4,450 4,573 4,524 4,685

 1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year. 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment 

estimates. 

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 18. Annual layoffs and discharges rates 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Total............................................................... 15.1 14.6 15.2 15.3 15.0 13.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 17.2 16.6 17.2 17.3 16.9 15.5

Natural resources and mining........................ 17.7 17.7 16.6 11.8 11.1 10.1

Construction................................................ 39.5 40.3 42.0 38.4 35.0 31.1

Manufacturing............................................. 19.4 16.7 14.3 12.6 12.4 12.2

Durable goods.......................................... 19.3 16.9 14.3 12.7 12.4 10.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 19.6 16.6 14.2 12.5 12.6 14.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 16.0 15.5 16.4 16.9 16.0 14.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 12.6 13.0 11.9 12.5 10.9 9.4

Retail trade............................................. 17.8 16.9 18.0 18.3 17.3 16.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 14.2 14.0 16.6 17.9 17.6 11.6

Information................................................ 11.4 11.6 9.6 11.5 7.5 6.5

Financial activities......................................... 8.3 9.2 7.2 7.5 8.3 9.2

Finance and insurance.............................. 6.0 7.0 5.6 5.4 5.9 6.5

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 14.6 15.4 12.0 13.6 15.0 16.9

Professional and business services.................. 18.3 17.3 21.1 23.9 25.8 23.2

Education and health services........................ 7.8 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.1 7.9

Educational services................................. 6.0 7.9 10.6 9.1 8.4 9.8

Health care and social assistance.................. 8.2 8.6 8.2 8.4 8.1 7.6

Leisure and hospitality................................. 24.3 23.4 24.2 24.9 23.0 20.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 39.9 40.7 42.5 51.7 41.3 38.6

Accommodations and food services............... 21.5 20.4 21.0 20.3 19.8 17.5

Other services............................................. 13.0 12.8 15.9 13.7 13.0 12.5

Government................................................... 4.3 4.5 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.5

Federal...................................................... 2.2 4.2 5.9 4.1 5.4 7.0

State and local........................................... 4.6 4.5 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.3

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 13.6 13.8 15.7 17.2 14.9 13.0

South......................................................... 14.1 14.6 15.4 14.4 14.8 13.4

Midwest...................................................... 16.3 14.2 14.1 14.8 15.0 13.9

West......................................................... 16.8 15.7 15.7 15.8 15.2 15.4

 1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of 

 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment 

estimates. 

annual average employment.

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 19. Annual other separations levels 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Total............................................................... 3,784 3,742 3,666 3,689 3,770 4,221

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 3,231 3,116 3,055 3,056 3,169 3,554

Natural resources and mining........................ 24 39 43 45 24 31

Construction................................................ 227 170 165 198 183 286

Manufacturing............................................. 528 423 406 315 407 401

Durable goods.......................................... 386 277 263 210 300 273

Nondurable goods.................................... 143 147 144 104 106 128

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 677 762 795 810 720 986

Wholesale trade....................................... 115 125 132 130 103 187

Retail trade............................................. 420 484 458 501 432 595

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 141 152 203 178 186 207

Information................................................ 84 69 50 65 81 72

Financial activities......................................... 240 201 223 243 198 245

Finance and insurance.............................. 193 153 167 202 161 188

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 50 49 56 41 38 58

Professional and business services.................. 551 627 543 562 745 737

Education and health services........................ 365 361 351 333 335 370

Educational services................................. 57 49 48 38 43 47

Health care and social assistance.................. 311 315 303 294 289 323

Leisure and hospitality................................. 369 326 340 342 332 280

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 35 29 30 32 31 36

Accommodations and food services............... 331 298 311 308 301 246

Other services............................................. 166 135 148 147 142 144

Government................................................... 553 623 610 634 600 667

Federal...................................................... 88 86 109 138 128 182

State and local........................................... 464 539 500 495 474 480

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 700 719 724 786 639 754

South......................................................... 1,360 1,319 1,313 1,310 1,312 1,535

Midwest...................................................... 1,011 854 793 784 855 953

West......................................................... 714 853 838 810 964 975

 1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year. 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Table 20. Annual other separations rates 1

 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Total............................................................... 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1

Natural resources and mining........................ 4.0 6.7 7.5 7.6 3.8 4.5

Construction................................................ 3.3 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.5 3.7

Manufacturing............................................. 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.8

Durable goods.......................................... 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.4 3.0

Nondurable goods.................................... 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.0 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.8 3.2

Retail trade............................................. 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.8 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 2.8 3.2 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.1

Information................................................ 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.4

Financial activities......................................... 3.1 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.9

Finance and insurance.............................. 3.3 2.6 2.8 3.4 2.7 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.8 2.7

Professional and business services.................. 3.3 3.9 3.4 3.4 4.4 4.2

Education and health services........................ 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1

Educational services................................. 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6

Health care and social assistance.................. 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.9

Accommodations and food services............... 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.2

Other services............................................. 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7

Government................................................... 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0

Federal...................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.9 5.1 4.7 6.7

State and local........................................... 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5

REGION 2

Northeast................................................... 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.6 3.0

South......................................................... 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.1

Midwest...................................................... 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.0

West......................................................... 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.2

 1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual 

 2 See footnote 8, table 1.

 NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates. 

average employment.

Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006