For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, February 11, 2014 USDL-14-0216

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – DECEMBER 2013

There were 4.0 million job openings on the last business day of December, little changed from 

November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.2 percent) and

separations rate (3.2 percent) were little changed in December. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 

geographic region.

Job Openings

There were 4.0 million job openings in December, little changed from November. The number of

openings was little changed in total private and decreased in government. The number of job openings 

decreased in health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and state and local 

government. The Midwest region experienced a decline in job openings in December. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the year for total nonfarm and total 

private and was little changed for government. Over the year, the number of job openings increased in 

mining and logging; nondurable goods manufacturing; wholesale trade; professional and business 

services; and accommodation and food services. The job openings level decreased in healthcare and 

social assistance as well as federal government. The West region experienced an increase in job 

openings over the 12 months ending in December. (See table 7.)

 1.0

 1.2

 1.4

 1.6

 1.8

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

January 2011 - December 2013

2013

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

January 2011 - December 2013

2013
- 2 -

Hires

There were 4.4 million hires in December, little changed from November. The number of hires was 

essentially unchanged for total private and government. The number of hires was little changed in all

industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Over the 12 months ending in December, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) changed little for

total nonfarm, total private, and government. Hires levels were little changed in all industries and in all 

four regions. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.4 million total separations in December, little changed from November. The number of 

total separations was essentially unchanged for total private and government. (See table 3.)

In December, the quits rate was little changed at 1.7 percent for total nonfarm. The rate was little 

changed for total private (1.9 percent) and unchanged for government (0.6 percent). The quits rate 

decreased over the month for accommodation and food services and was little changed in all four 

regions. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in December for 

total nonfarm and total private and was little changed for government. The number of quits rose over the 

year in several industries and in the West region. (See table 10.)

The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed in December at 1.2 percent. The rate was little 

changed over the month for total private (1.3 percent) and unchanged for government (0.4 percent). The

layoffs and discharges rate was little changed in all four regions. Seasonally adjusted estimates of 

layoffs and discharges are not available for individual industries. (See table 5.)

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending 

in December for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The number of layoffs and discharges was 

little changed over the year ending in December for all industries and in all four regions. (See table 11.)

In December, there were 390,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from November.

The number of other separations was little changed over the month for total private and government.

(See table 6.) Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are not available for individual

industries or regions. Over the 12 months ending in November, the number of other separations was 

little changed for total nonfarm and total private and decreased for government. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
- 3 -

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in December 2013, hires totaled 53.3

million and separations totaled 51.4 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.9 million. These 

figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for January 2014 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, March 11, 2014 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Revisions to the JOLTS Data

With the release of January data on March 11, the BLS will revise the job openings, hires, and 

separations data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. Unadjusted data and seasonally 

adjusted data from December 2000 forward are subject to revision. Also effective with the release 

of January data, durable goods manufacturing and nondurable goods manufacturing data will be 

available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 3,612 4,033 3,990 4,195 4,529 4,437 4,062 4,278 4,370

Total private1...................................... 3,235 3,652 3,644 3,915 4,224 4,162 3,772 3,991 4,095

Construction.................................... 95 142 143 280 293 269 263 275 283

Manufacturing.................................. 242 283 297 236 260 256 231 229 240

Trade, transportation, and utilities2.......... 704 758 773 890 1,024 969 840 947 952

Retail trade................................... 436 449 470 600 708 696 595 668 680

Professional and business services......... 575 720 721 798 904 937 813 858 923

Education and health services3

.............. 670 666 592 506 510 500 468 466 482

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 602 591 524 431 432 426 402 394 412

Leisure and hospitality........................ 453 555 550 759 775 774 729 762 745

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 59 69 38 130 129 117 125 135 119

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 394 486 512 629 646 656 604 628 625

Government4...................................... 377 381 346 280 305 275 290 287 275

State and local................................. 313 328 298 246 266 245 251 252 242

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2

Total private1

...................................... 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.6

Construction.................................... 1.6 2.4 2.4 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8

Manufacturing.................................. 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities2.......... 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.5 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.6

Retail trade................................... 2.8 2.8 3.0 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.4

Professional and business services......... 3.1 3.7 3.7 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.9

Education and health services3.............. 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 3.4 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................ 3.2 3.7 3.7 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 2.9 3.3 1.8 6.5 6.3 5.8 6.3 6.6 5.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 3.2 3.8 4.0 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.1

Government4

...................................... 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local................................. 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

1

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

2

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

3

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

4

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total.............................................. 3,612 3,844 3,883 3,931 4,033 3,990 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 3,235 3,459 3,508 3,564 3,652 3,644 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

Construction................................ 95 109 112 127 142 143 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 242 268 256 302 283 297 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. 704 694 726 688 758 773 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.9

Retail trade............................... 436 418 459 433 449 470 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 575 658 629 736 720 721 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.7

Education and health services6.......... 670 732 675 654 666 592 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 602 668 602 582 591 524 3.4 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.3 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 453 514 550 513 555 550 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 59 76 58 77 69 38 2.9 3.6 2.8 3.6 3.3 1.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 394 438 492 435 486 512 3.2 3.5 3.9 3.4 3.8 4.0

Government7

.................................. 377 385 375 368 381 346 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local............................. 313 339 324 328 328 298 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 661 682 701 648 677 685 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6

South........................................... 1,364 1,424 1,433 1,428 1,485 1,497 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9

Midwest........................................ 838 877 906 989 945 868 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.7

West............................................ 749 861 843 866 926 940 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.0

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total............................................... 4,195 4,559 4,632 4,484 4,529 4,437 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 3,915 4,261 4,338 4,195 4,224 4,162 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6

Construction................................ 280 298 299 329 293 269 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.6 5.0 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 236 248 251 226 260 256 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. 890 936 923 967 1,024 969 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.7

Retail trade............................... 600 659 634 695 708 696 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 798 979 999 900 904 937 4.4 5.3 5.4 4.8 4.8 5.0

Education and health services6.......... 506 556 534 518 510 500 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 431 461 462 442 432 426 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 759 749 813 798 775 774 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 130 106 135 138 129 117 6.5 5.2 6.7 6.8 6.3 5.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 629 643 678 660 646 656 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.4

Government7

.................................. 280 298 294 289 305 275 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local............................. 246 273 268 261 266 245 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 687 729 728 718 695 660 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5

South........................................... 1,660 1,822 1,817 1,747 1,797 1,704 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.4

Midwest........................................ 924 1,038 1,068 992 1,034 1,034 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3

West............................................ 924 970 1,020 1,026 1,003 1,039 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total............................................... 4,062 4,405 4,477 4,205 4,278 4,370 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 3,772 4,138 4,203 3,894 3,991 4,095 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.6

Construction................................ 263 297 279 290 275 283 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 231 246 246 210 229 240 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. 840 917 872 908 947 952 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6

Retail trade............................... 595 650 619 637 668 680 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 813 947 959 818 858 923 4.5 5.1 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.9

Education and health services6.......... 468 516 515 467 466 482 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 402 431 439 399 394 412 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 729 720 814 749 762 745 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 125 101 143 113 135 119 6.3 5.0 7.1 5.5 6.6 5.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 604 619 671 637 628 625 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.1

Government7

.................................. 290 267 274 311 287 275 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 251 235 241 267 252 242 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 663 735 713 686 676 687 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6

South........................................... 1,609 1,634 1,837 1,660 1,674 1,675 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.4

Midwest........................................ 894 1,032 992 921 936 953 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1

West............................................ 895 1,003 935 938 992 1,055 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total............................................... 2,126 2,364 2,327 2,382 2,414 2,373 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 1,999 2,240 2,217 2,247 2,292 2,243 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9

Construction................................ 68 102 96 87 68 89 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.5

Manufacturing.............................. 116 106 123 109 118 109 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. 452 527 533 562 570 545 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1

Retail trade............................... 328 406 403 412 408 391 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 413 490 453 444 477 506 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7

Education and health services6.......... 273 288 297 291 271 294 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 248 250 266 257 240 265 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 451 453 474 516 537 454 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 38 46 43 46 53 50 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 413 407 431 470 484 404 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.3

Government7

.................................. 127 124 111 136 122 130 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 115 113 100 123 111 117 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 315 329 320 351 354 332 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3

South........................................... 892 993 962 981 994 939 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9

Midwest........................................ 454 524 577 538 544 525 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7

West............................................ 465 519 468 512 523 577 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total............................................... 1,569 1,676 1,756 1,504 1,499 1,608 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 1,479 1,592 1,650 1,396 1,404 1,524 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3

Construction................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6.......... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

.................................. 89 84 106 109 94 84 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast...................................... 284 337 321 266 258 273 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1

South........................................... 557 525 721 564 538 575 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.2

Midwest........................................ 357 439 328 331 314 350 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

West............................................ 370 376 386 343 389 410 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total............................................... 367 365 394 319 365 390 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4

.................................. 293 306 336 252 295 328 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Construction................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6.......... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

.................................. 74 59 57 67 70 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

South........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest........................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

West............................................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4

Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5

Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6

Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7

Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 3,103 3,603 3,414 2.2 2.5 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,746 3,249 3,095 2.4 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 18 19 26 2.1 2.1 2.8

Construction....................................................... 61 118 94 1.1 1.9 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 214 251 267 1.8 2.0 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 143 149 161 1.9 1.9 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 71 102 107 1.6 2.2 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 561 676 629 2.1 2.5 2.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 105 128 159 1.8 2.2 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 332 395 370 2.1 2.4 2.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 125 153 100 2.4 2.9 1.9

Information........................................................ 80 130 88 2.9 4.6 3.2

Financial activities................................................ 233 187 226 2.9 2.3 2.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 170 150 172 2.8 2.5 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 63 37 54 3.1 1.8 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 505 649 640 2.7 3.3 3.3

Education and health services.................................. 631 630 547 3.0 2.9 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 61 69 61 1.7 1.9 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 569 562 486 3.2 3.1 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 340 469 419 2.4 3.2 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 39 63 23 2.1 3.2 1.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 301 405 396 2.5 3.2 3.2

Other services.................................................... 103 120 158 1.9 2.1 2.8

Government.......................................................... 357 354 320 1.6 1.6 1.4

Federal............................................................. 59 48 45 2.1 1.7 1.6

State and local.................................................... 298 306 274 1.5 1.5 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 555 605 574 2.1 2.3 2.1

South................................................................. 1,193 1,296 1,307 2.4 2.5 2.5

Midwest............................................................... 721 847 737 2.3 2.6 2.3

West.................................................................. 634 855 797 2.1 2.7 2.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 3,013 4,137 3,169 2.2 3.0 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,842 3,905 3,005 2.5 3.4 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 20 19 21 2.3 2.2 2.4

Construction....................................................... 166 214 151 2.9 3.6 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 152 217 168 1.3 1.8 1.4

Durable goods.................................................. 96 125 98 1.3 1.6 1.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 56 93 70 1.3 2.1 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 718 1,263 778 2.7 4.7 2.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 95 93 90 1.7 1.6 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 462 919 538 3.0 5.8 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 160 251 150 3.1 4.9 2.9

Information........................................................ 54 64 44 2.0 2.4 1.7

Financial activities................................................ 130 153 125 1.7 1.9 1.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 75 101 77 1.3 1.7 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 55 51 48 2.8 2.6 2.4

Professional and business services............................ 596 818 707 3.3 4.3 3.7

Education and health services.................................. 357 402 345 1.7 1.9 1.6

Educational services.......................................... 39 49 38 1.1 1.4 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 319 353 307 1.9 2.0 1.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 522 620 524 3.8 4.4 3.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 89 103 75 4.8 5.5 4.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 433 516 449 3.7 4.3 3.7

Other services.................................................... 127 135 142 2.3 2.5 2.6

Government.......................................................... 171 232 164 0.8 1.0 0.7

Federal............................................................. 27 35 25 1.0 1.3 0.9

State and local.................................................... 144 197 139 0.7 1.0 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 503 617 471 2.0 2.4 1.8

South................................................................. 1,206 1,687 1,229 2.4 3.4 2.5

Midwest............................................................... 640 900 718 2.1 2.9 2.3

West.................................................................. 663 933 750 2.2 3.1 2.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 3,866 3,804 4,131 2.9 2.8 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,610 3,613 3,895 3.2 3.1 3.4

Mining and logging............................................... 28 21 33 3.3 2.3 3.7

Construction....................................................... 288 299 294 5.1 5.0 5.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 196 206 209 1.6 1.7 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 118 107 118 1.6 1.4 1.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 78 99 92 1.8 2.2 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 915 839 1,031 3.5 3.1 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 101 105 91 1.8 1.8 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 623 602 724 4.0 3.8 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 191 132 216 3.7 2.6 4.1

Information........................................................ 66 54 63 2.4 2.0 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 139 149 145 1.8 1.9 1.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 83 93 97 1.4 1.6 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 56 56 48 2.9 2.8 2.4

Professional and business services............................ 804 810 899 4.4 4.3 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 409 365 415 2.0 1.7 2.0

Educational services.......................................... 49 43 52 1.4 1.2 1.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 360 323 363 2.1 1.8 2.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 623 709 636 4.6 5.1 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 99 157 89 5.4 8.3 4.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 523 551 547 4.4 4.5 4.5

Other services.................................................... 142 160 169 2.6 2.9 3.1

Government.......................................................... 256 191 236 1.2 0.9 1.1

Federal............................................................. 39 28 31 1.4 1.0 1.1

State and local.................................................... 217 163 205 1.1 0.8 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 647 618 658 2.5 2.4 2.5

South................................................................. 1,473 1,411 1,528 3.0 2.8 3.1

Midwest............................................................... 917 873 963 3.0 2.8 3.1

West.................................................................. 829 902 982 2.8 3.0 3.2

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 1,727 2,005 1,957 1.3 1.5 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,630 1,920 1,858 1.4 1.7 1.6

Mining and logging............................................... 10 10 13 1.2 1.2 1.5

Construction....................................................... 51 56 67 0.9 0.9 1.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 80 94 75 0.7 0.8 0.6

Durable goods.................................................. 44 51 38 0.6 0.7 0.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 36 43 37 0.8 1.0 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 389 486 474 1.5 1.8 1.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 41 58 36 0.7 1.0 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 285 353 341 1.8 2.2 2.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 63 75 97 1.2 1.4 1.9

Information........................................................ 41 31 32 1.5 1.1 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 59 71 61 0.8 0.9 0.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 36 46 40 0.6 0.8 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 23 25 21 1.2 1.2 1.0

Professional and business services............................ 336 423 425 1.8 2.2 2.3

Education and health services.................................. 229 217 248 1.1 1.0 1.2

Educational services.......................................... 18 20 19 0.5 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 211 197 229 1.2 1.1 1.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 366 435 371 2.7 3.1 2.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 28 37 37 1.5 2.0 2.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 338 397 334 2.9 3.3 2.8

Other services.................................................... 69 96 91 1.3 1.8 1.7

Government.......................................................... 97 85 99 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal............................................................. 9 8 10 0.3 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 88 77 88 0.5 0.4 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 248 285 267 1.0 1.1 1.0

South................................................................. 731 832 767 1.5 1.7 1.5

Midwest............................................................... 379 454 439 1.2 1.4 1.4

West.................................................................. 369 433 483 1.2 1.4 1.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 1,786 1,512 1,802 1.3 1.1 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,703 1,448 1,728 1.5 1.3 1.5

Mining and logging............................................... 16 8 17 1.9 1.0 1.9

Construction....................................................... 233 235 217 4.2 3.9 3.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 97 97 108 0.8 0.8 0.9

Durable goods.................................................. 63 48 62 0.8 0.6 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 33 49 46 0.7 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 455 286 488 1.7 1.1 1.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 50 41 48 0.9 0.7 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 287 200 336 1.8 1.3 2.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 118 45 104 2.3 0.9 2.0

Information........................................................ 20 17 26 0.7 0.6 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 44 52 53 0.6 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 19 30 30 0.3 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 26 22 23 1.3 1.1 1.1

Professional and business services............................ 418 332 394 2.3 1.8 2.1

Education and health services.................................. 141 119 123 0.7 0.6 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 27 18 30 0.8 0.5 0.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 114 101 93 0.7 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 222 244 229 1.6 1.7 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 70 117 47 3.8 6.2 2.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 153 127 182 1.3 1.1 1.5

Other services.................................................... 56 58 72 1.0 1.1 1.3

Government.......................................................... 83 64 74 0.4 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 12 11 11 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 71 53 63 0.4 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 338 289 314 1.3 1.1 1.2

South................................................................. 595 463 597 1.2 0.9 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 458 355 453 1.5 1.1 1.4

West.................................................................. 395 404 438 1.3 1.3 1.4

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013p

Total..................................................................... 352 288 372 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 276 245 309 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 2 2 2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Construction....................................................... 4 8 11 0.1 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 19 15 26 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 11 8 18 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 7 8 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 71 67 69 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 10 6 7 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 51 49 47 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 9 12 15 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 5 7 5 0.2 0.3 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 35 27 31 0.4 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 28 17 26 0.5 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 7 9 5 0.4 0.5 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 50 55 79 0.3 0.3 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 38 30 44 0.2 0.1 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 4 4 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 34 26 41 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 35 30 36 0.3 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 3 5 0.1 0.2 0.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 33 26 31 0.3 0.2 0.3

Other services.................................................... 18 6 6 0.3 0.1 0.1

Government.......................................................... 76 42 63 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal............................................................. 18 9 10 0.6 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 58 33 53 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 61 44 76 0.2 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 148 116 165 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 79 63 70 0.3 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 64 65 61 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.