Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-23-2530 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 8, 2023

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — NOVEMBER 2023 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 199,000 in November, and the unemployment rate

edged down to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

health care and government. Employment also increased in manufacturing, reflecting the return of 

workers from a strike. Employment in retail trade declined.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 3.7 percent in November, and the number of unemployed 

persons showed little change at 6.3 million. (See table A-1.) 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2021 – November 2023

Percent Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, November 2021 – November 2023

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

Nov-21 Feb-22 May-22 Aug-22 Nov-22 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23 Nov-23

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Nov-21 Feb-22 May-22 Aug-22 Nov-22 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23 Nov-23
 

-2-

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for teenagers (11.4 percent) edged down in 

November. The jobless rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), Whites (3.3 

percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.6 percent) showed little or no 

change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

In November, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) edged down 

to 1.2 million. These individuals accounted for 18.3 percent of all unemployed persons. (See table 

A-12.) 

The employment-population ratio increased by 0.3 percentage point to 60.5 percent in November. The 

labor force participation rate was little changed at 62.8 percent and has been essentially flat since 

August. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 295,000 to 4.0 million 

in November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part 

time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In November, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.3 million, 

little different from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they 

were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take 

a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force changed little at 1.6 million in November. These individuals wanted and were available 

for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached 

who believed that no jobs were available for them, was 421,000 in November, essentially unchanged 

from the previous month. (See Summary table A.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 199,000 in November. Employment growth is below 

the average monthly gain of 240,000 over the prior 12 months but is in line with job growth in recent 

months. In November, job gains occurred in health care and government. Employment also increased in 

manufacturing, reflecting the return of workers from a strike. Employment in retail trade declined. (See 

table B-1.)

In November, health care added 77,000 jobs, above the average monthly gain of 54,000 over the prior 

12 months. Over the month, job gains continued in ambulatory health care services (+36,000), hospitals 

(+24,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+17,000). 

Government employment increased by 49,000 in November, in line with the average monthly gain of 

55,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment continued to trend up in local government (+32,000) and 

state government (+17,000) over the month. 

Employment in manufacturing rose by 28,000 in November, reflecting an increase of 30,000 in motor 

vehicles and parts as workers returned from a strike. Employment in manufacturing has shown little net 

change over the year. 
 

-3-

In November, employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up (+40,000), almost entirely 

in food services and drinking places. Leisure and hospitality had added an average of 51,000 jobs per 

month over the prior 12 months. 

Employment in social assistance continued to trend up in November (+16,000). The industry had added 

an average of 23,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment continued 

to trend up in individual and family services (+9,000). 

Retail trade employment declined by 38,000 in November and has shown little net change over the 

year. Employment decreased in department stores (-19,000) and in furniture, home furnishings, 

electronics, and appliance retailers (-6,000) over the month. 

In November, employment in information changed little (+10,000). Motion picture and sound recording 

industries added 17,000 jobs, mostly reflecting the resolution of labor disputes in the industry. Overall, 

employment in the information industry has declined by 104,000 since reaching a peak in November 

2022. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in November (-5,000). A job loss in 

warehousing and storage (-8,000) was partially offset by a gain in air transportation (+4,000). 

Employment in transportation and warehousing has declined by 61,000 since a peak in October 2022. 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 

quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; wholesale trade; financial activities;

professional and business services; and other services. 

In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents, 

or 0.4 percent, to $34.10. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.0 

percent. In November, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees rose by 12 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $29.30. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in November. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.0 hours, and 

overtime remained at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised down by 35,000, from 

+297,000 to +262,000, and the change for October remained at +150,000. With these revisions, 

employment in September and October combined is 35,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 5, 2024, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
 

-4-

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December 2023, 

scheduled for January 5, 2024, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted household survey 

data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Change from:

Oct. 2023-

Nov. 2023

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 264,708 267,428 267,642 267,822 180

Civilian labor force........................................................... 164,527 167,929 167,728 168,260 532

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.2 62.8 62.7 62.8 0.1

Employed................................................................... 158,527 161,570 161,222 161,969 747

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.9 60.4 60.2 60.5 0.3

Unemployed............................................................... 6,000 6,360 6,506 6,291 -215

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,181 99,498 99,914 99,562 -352

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.7 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 11.3 11.6 13.2 11.4 -1.8

White.......................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 0.0

Asian.......................................................................... 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.5 0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.0 4.6 4.8 4.6 -0.2

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 4.4 5.5 5.8 6.3 0.5

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,761 2,858 3,059 3,100 41

Job leavers...................................................................... 829 797 800 820 20

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,798 2,043 1,884 1,782 -102

New entrants.................................................................... 558 568 612 571 -41

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,244 2,051 2,268 2,068 -200

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,694 2,044 1,836 2,080 244

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 821 1,072 1,081 994 -87

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,215 1,216 1,282 1,150 -132

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 3,688 4,065 4,283 3,988 -295

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,546 2,793 2,982 2,793 -189

Could only find part-time work............................................. 826 938 1,002 932 -70

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,226 22,152 21,539 21,862 323

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,491 1,457 1,417 1,585 168

Discouraged workers........................................................ 406 367 416 421 5

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 262 150 199

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 199 85 150

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 21 -10 29

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 0 -1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 9 25 2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 11 -35 28

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 10 -34 36

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 9.2 -32.0 30.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1 -1 -8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 178 95 121

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 15.6 11.2 8.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -45.6 1.7 -4.7 -38.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -37.1 12.4 -12.4 -5.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.9 2.0 0.6 0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 -6 -19 10

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 0 -5 4

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -17 2 -9

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -48.5 -22.3 0.2 -13.6

Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 86 83 99

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 85.6 75.1 93.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 76 42 40

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8 -3 12

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 63 65 49

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 221 192 204

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 153 133 145

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.8 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32.80 $33.91 $33.98 $34.10

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,131.60 $1,166.50 $1,165.51 $1,173.04

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 115.6 115.4 115.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.2 187.4 187.4 188.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 57.8 52.2 54.6

Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 47.2 44.4 48.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

130,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 666,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2022 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -80,000 to +180,000 

(50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264,708 267,642 267,822 264,708 267,002 267,213 267,428 267,642 267,822

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164,272 167,774 167,977 164,527 167,103 167,839 167,929 167,728 168,260

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.7 62.7 62.2 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.7 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,749 161,676 162,149 158,527 161,262 161,484 161,570 161,222 161,969

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.4 60.5 59.9 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.2 60.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,523 6,098 5,827 6,000 5,841 6,355 6,360 6,506 6,291

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,436 99,868 99,845 100,181 99,899 99,374 99,498 99,914 99,562

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,211 5,037 5,006 5,528 5,247 5,370 5,450 5,373 5,324

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,983 130,816 130,903 128,983 130,507 130,608 130,713 130,816 130,903

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,441 88,730 89,258 87,793 88,695 89,082 89,331 88,871 89,592

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 67.8 68.2 68.1 68.0 68.2 68.3 67.9 68.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,455 85,384 85,910 84,557 85,492 85,493 85,633 85,217 86,010

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.3 65.6 65.6 65.5 65.5 65.5 65.1 65.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,986 3,345 3,347 3,236 3,203 3,589 3,697 3,654 3,582

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,542 42,087 41,646 41,189 41,811 41,527 41,382 41,945 41,312

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,301 122,029 122,111 120,301 121,735 121,832 121,931 122,029 122,111

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,329 85,542 86,094 84,525 85,739 85,934 86,130 85,597 86,293

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 70.1 70.5 70.3 70.4 70.5 70.6 70.1 70.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,731 82,663 83,128 81,698 82,922 82,777 82,837 82,423 83,114

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 67.7 68.1 67.9 68.1 67.9 67.9 67.5 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,598 2,879 2,966 2,827 2,817 3,157 3,293 3,174 3,179

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,972 36,487 36,017 35,776 35,997 35,898 35,801 36,432 35,817

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,725 136,826 136,919 135,725 136,496 136,605 136,715 136,826 136,919

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,831 79,045 78,719 76,734 78,408 78,757 78,599 78,857 78,668

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 57.8 57.5 56.5 57.4 57.7 57.5 57.6 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,294 76,292 76,239 73,970 75,769 75,991 75,936 76,005 75,959

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 55.8 55.7 54.5 55.5 55.6 55.5 55.5 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,537 2,753 2,480 2,764 2,638 2,766 2,662 2,852 2,709

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,894 57,781 58,199 58,991 58,088 57,847 58,116 57,969 58,251

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,283 128,342 128,430 127,283 128,028 128,132 128,237 128,342 128,430

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,766 75,888 75,681 73,532 75,205 75,541 75,497 75,584 75,493

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 59.1 58.9 57.8 58.7 59.0 58.9 58.9 58.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,516 73,499 73,504 71,088 72,877 73,121 73,163 73,115 73,122

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 57.3 57.2 55.9 56.9 57.1 57.1 57.0 56.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,250 2,390 2,177 2,444 2,328 2,419 2,334 2,469 2,371

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,517 52,454 52,749 53,750 52,822 52,591 52,740 52,759 52,937

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,124 17,270 17,281 17,124 17,239 17,249 17,260 17,270 17,281

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,177 6,344 6,202 6,469 6,159 6,365 6,303 6,547 6,473

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 36.7 35.9 37.8 35.7 36.9 36.5 37.9 37.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,502 5,514 5,517 5,740 5,462 5,586 5,570 5,685 5,733

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 31.9 31.9 33.5 31.7 32.4 32.3 32.9 33.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 830 685 729 696 779 733 863 740

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 13.1 11.0 11.3 11.3 12.2 11.6 13.2 11.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,947 10,927 11,079 10,655 11,080 10,885 10,957 10,723 10,808

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203,617 204,867 204,949 203,617 204,536 204,645 204,756 204,867 204,949

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,707 127,686 127,720 125,902 127,329 127,976 127,829 127,651 127,892

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 62.3 62.3 61.8 62.3 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,967 123,623 123,849 121,807 123,393 123,571 123,456 123,220 123,671

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 60.3 60.4 59.8 60.3 60.4 60.3 60.1 60.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,741 4,063 3,871 4,094 3,936 4,405 4,373 4,431 4,221

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,910 77,181 77,229 77,716 77,207 76,669 76,926 77,216 77,058

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,590 66,334 66,627 65,759 66,414 66,565 66,643 66,360 66,762

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 70.0 70.2 70.0 70.2 70.3 70.3 70.0 70.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,771 64,359 64,660 63,767 64,423 64,324 64,321 64,135 64,628

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 67.9 68.2 67.9 68.0 67.9 67.9 67.6 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,819 1,975 1,967 1,992 1,991 2,241 2,322 2,225 2,134

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,381 56,501 56,373 55,174 56,188 56,451 56,401 56,255 56,178

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 57.9 57.8 56.8 57.7 58.0 57.9 57.7 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,910 55,002 54,995 53,562 54,690 54,826 54,810 54,662 54,658

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 56.4 56.4 55.1 56.2 56.3 56.2 56.1 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,471 1,498 1,378 1,611 1,498 1,625 1,591 1,593 1,520

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,736 4,851 4,720 4,969 4,727 4,960 4,785 5,036 4,951

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 38.7 37.7 39.7 37.8 39.6 38.2 40.2 39.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,286 4,262 4,194 4,478 4,281 4,421 4,324 4,423 4,385

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.0 33.5 35.8 34.2 35.3 34.5 35.3 35.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 589 526 491 447 539 460 613 566

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 12.1 11.1 9.9 9.5 10.9 9.6 12.2 11.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,272 34,788 34,821 34,272 34,678 34,714 34,751 34,788 34,821

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,354 21,996 22,149 21,365 21,751 21,746 21,868 21,871 22,157

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 63.2 63.6 62.3 62.7 62.6 62.9 62.9 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,203 20,716 20,924 20,139 20,496 20,596 20,616 20,601 20,865

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 59.5 60.1 58.8 59.1 59.3 59.3 59.2 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,151 1,281 1,225 1,226 1,255 1,150 1,253 1,270 1,292

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,917 12,792 12,672 12,907 12,927 12,969 12,883 12,918 12,664

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,935 10,063 10,279 9,947 10,114 10,131 10,185 10,025 10,290

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 67.8 69.1 68.3 68.3 68.4 68.6 67.5 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,433 9,547 9,651 9,408 9,576 9,620 9,611 9,494 9,633

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 64.3 64.9 64.6 64.7 64.9 64.8 63.9 64.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 516 628 539 538 511 574 531 657

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.1 6.1 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.6 5.3 6.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,660 11,148 11,086 10,633 10,922 10,872 10,873 11,055 11,060

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 64.1 63.7 61.8 63.0 62.7 62.6 63.6 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,133 10,517 10,575 10,077 10,353 10,359 10,389 10,464 10,523

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 60.5 60.8 58.6 59.7 59.7 59.8 60.2 60.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 630 511 556 569 514 485 590 536

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.7 4.6 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.5 5.3 4.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 786 784 785 715 742 810 791 807

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 30.8 30.7 31.4 28.2 29.2 31.8 31.0 31.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 651 698 654 568 617 616 642 708

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 25.5 27.3 26.2 22.3 24.3 24.2 25.2 27.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 135 85 131 148 125 194 148 99

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 17.2 10.9 16.7 20.7 16.9 24.0 18.8 12.2

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,980 17,593 17,769 16,980 17,600 17,515 17,633 17,593 17,769

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,968 11,443 11,494 10,995 11,556 11,486 11,580 11,480 11,543

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 65.0 64.7 64.8 65.7 65.6 65.7 65.3 65.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,686 11,094 11,096 10,704 11,288 11,131 11,250 11,129 11,141

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 63.1 62.4 63.0 64.1 63.6 63.8 63.3 62.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 349 398 291 267 355 330 351 402

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.1 3.5 2.6 2.3 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,011 6,150 6,275 5,984 6,044 6,029 6,053 6,112 6,226

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 46,545 47,877 47,974 46,545 47,569 47,671 47,774 47,877 47,974

Civilian labor force................................ 30,694 32,071 32,202 30,600 32,052 31,977 32,144 32,028 32,127

Participation rate............................... 65.9 67.0 67.1 65.7 67.4 67.1 67.3 66.9 67.0

Employed....................................... 29,555 30,641 30,822 29,382 30,637 30,420 30,660 30,498 30,664

Employment-population ratio............... 63.5 64.0 64.2 63.1 64.4 63.8 64.2 63.7 63.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,139 1,429 1,379 1,218 1,416 1,557 1,484 1,529 1,462

Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.6

Not in labor force................................. 15,850 15,807 15,772 15,944 15,517 15,694 15,630 15,850 15,847

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,530 17,124 17,271 16,526 17,290 17,164 17,262 17,120 17,271

Participation rate............................... 78.4 78.7 79.2 78.4 80.0 79.2 79.5 78.7 79.2

Employed....................................... 15,982 16,464 16,597 15,925 16,599 16,433 16,523 16,407 16,546

Employment-population ratio............... 75.8 75.7 76.2 75.5 76.8 75.9 76.1 75.4 75.9

Unemployed.................................... 547 660 674 601 691 731 739 714 725

Unemployment rate......................... 3.3 3.9 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,743 13,285 13,368 12,637 13,271 13,343 13,379 13,239 13,278

Participation rate............................... 60.2 61.2 61.5 59.7 61.6 61.8 61.8 61.0 61.1

Employed....................................... 12,301 12,794 12,866 12,179 12,745 12,752 12,805 12,700 12,755

Employment-population ratio............... 58.2 59.0 59.2 57.6 59.1 59.0 59.1 58.5 58.7

Unemployed.................................... 442 491 502 458 525 591 573 539 523

Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.1 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,422 1,661 1,562 1,438 1,492 1,470 1,503 1,668 1,578

Participation rate............................... 33.0 37.5 35.2 33.4 33.9 33.4 34.0 37.7 35.6

Employed....................................... 1,272 1,382 1,359 1,279 1,292 1,236 1,331 1,391 1,364

Employment-population ratio............... 29.5 31.2 30.6 29.7 29.4 28.0 30.1 31.4 30.7

Unemployed.................................... 150 279 203 159 200 235 172 277 214

Unemployment rate......................... 10.6 16.8 13.0 11.0 13.4 16.0 11.4 16.6 13.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,944 9,176 9,549 8,901 8,926 9,239 9,185 9,299 9,496

Participation rate.................................. 45.8 47.3 48.5 45.6 47.7 47.6 46.9 47.9 48.3

Employed.......................................... 8,603 8,725 8,992 8,506 8,459 8,743 8,683 8,764 8,894

Employment-population ratio................. 44.0 45.0 45.7 43.5 45.2 45.0 44.4 45.2 45.2

Unemployed....................................... 341 451 557 395 467 496 501 535 602

Unemployment rate............................ 3.8 4.9 5.8 4.4 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.8 6.3

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,227 35,758 35,817 35,192 35,980 36,243 36,205 35,624 35,808

Participation rate.................................. 55.8 57.1 57.4 55.7 56.5 56.5 56.8 56.9 57.4

Employed.......................................... 33,902 34,377 34,413 33,816 34,763 34,851 34,722 34,197 34,350

Employment-population ratio................. 53.7 54.9 55.1 53.5 54.6 54.4 54.5 54.6 55.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,325 1,381 1,404 1,377 1,217 1,391 1,484 1,427 1,458

Unemployment rate............................ 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,113 36,188 36,164 35,880 35,730 35,867 35,960 35,826 35,900

Participation rate.................................. 63.3 62.9 62.6 62.9 62.7 63.3 62.8 62.3 62.2

Employed.......................................... 35,029 35,098 35,215 34,748 34,612 34,780 34,886 34,703 34,899

Employment-population ratio................. 61.4 61.0 61.0 60.9 60.7 61.4 60.9 60.3 60.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,084 1,090 949 1,133 1,118 1,087 1,074 1,123 1,001

Unemployment rate............................ 3.0 3.0 2.6 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 63,142 64,670 64,518 63,041 64,817 64,398 64,277 64,535 64,458

Participation rate.................................. 72.6 72.9 72.8 72.5 73.4 73.5 73.5 72.8 72.7

Employed.......................................... 61,944 63,362 63,230 61,781 63,522 62,986 62,907 63,172 63,104

Employment-population ratio................. 71.3 71.5 71.4 71.1 71.9 71.9 71.9 71.3 71.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,198 1,308 1,289 1,260 1,295 1,412 1,370 1,363 1,355

Unemployment rate............................ 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,271 17,754 16,238 15,713 2,033 2,041

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,709 8,699 7,522 7,495 1,187 1,204

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 49.0 46.3 47.7 58.4 59.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,468 8,456 7,302 7,293 1,166 1,163

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 47.6 45.0 46.4 57.4 57.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 243 220 202 21 42

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.7 1.8 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,562 9,055 8,716 8,218 846 837

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,026 5,186 4,082 4,226 944 960

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,016 4,163 3,298 3,423 719 740

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.9 80.3 80.8 81.0 76.1 77.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,895 4,035 3,190 3,330 704 705

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 77.8 78.2 78.8 74.6 73.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 128 107 93 14 35

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.1 3.3 2.7 2.0 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009 1,023 784 802 225 220

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,169 2,863 2,732 2,443 437 420

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,178 2,101 1,911 1,808 268 293

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 73.4 69.9 74.0 61.2 69.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134 2,053 1,866 1,760 268 293

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 71.7 68.3 72.1 61.2 69.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 47 45 47 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.6 0.0 0.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991 762 821 635 170 127

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,130 5,832 5,886 5,587 244 245

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 770 869 756 42 14

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 13.2 14.8 13.5 17.1 5.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 747 832 733 37 13

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 12.8 14.1 13.1 15.2 5.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 23 37 22 5 1

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.0 4.2 2.9 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,219 5,062 5,017 4,831 202 231

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,946 3,873 3,538 3,457 408 416

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,604 1,665 1,445 1,508 159 157

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 43.0 40.8 43.6 39.1 37.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,570 1,621 1,413 1,469 157 152

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.8 41.8 39.9 42.5 38.6 36.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 45 32 39 2 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.6 1.3 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,342 2,208 2,093 1,949 249 259

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237,100 240,769 108,013 110,453 129,087 130,316

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,130 156,837 78,739 80,587 74,390 76,251

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 65.1 72.9 73.0 57.6 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,117 151,521 76,163 77,603 71,954 73,918

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.9 70.5 70.3 55.7 56.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,013 5,316 2,576 2,984 2,436 2,332

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,970 83,932 29,274 29,866 54,697 54,066

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 32,762 33,922 231,946 233,900

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 7,769 8,396 156,503 159,581

Participation rate..................................................................... 23.7 24.8 67.5 68.2

Employed............................................................................. 7,318 7,779 151,431 154,370

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 22.3 22.9 65.3 66.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 451 616 5,072 5,211

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.8 7.3 3.2 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,993 25,526 75,443 74,319

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,183 3,526 78,099 79,430

Participation rate..................................................................... 39.3 42.7 82.5 82.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,974 3,169 75,521 76,623

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 36.7 38.4 79.8 79.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 209 357 2,578 2,806

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.6 10.1 3.3 3.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,926 4,722 16,580 16,509

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,161 3,482 68,744 70,008

Participation rate..................................................................... 38.4 40.4 71.5 72.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,988 3,291 66,526 67,883

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 36.3 38.1 69.2 70.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 173 191 2,218 2,125

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.5 5.5 3.2 3.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,078 5,146 27,455 26,064

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,425 1,388 9,660 10,144

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.7 8.1 23.5 24.2

Employed............................................................................. 1,356 1,319 9,384 9,864

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 8.3 7.7 22.8 23.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 68 69 276 280

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.8 5.0 2.9 2.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,989 15,657 31,408 31,747

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 46,190 47,412 22,615 23,211 23,576 24,202

Civilian labor force.................................................. 30,542 31,507 17,480 18,048 13,062 13,459

Participation rate.................................................. 66.1 66.5 77.3 77.8 55.4 55.6

Employed.......................................................... 29,618 30,422 16,937 17,396 12,681 13,026

Employment-population ratio................................. 64.1 64.2 74.9 75.0 53.8 53.8

Unemployed....................................................... 924 1,085 543 652 381 433

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,649 15,906 5,135 5,163 10,514 10,743

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,517 220,410 106,368 107,693 112,150 112,717

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,730 136,470 69,961 71,210 63,769 65,260

Participation rate.................................................. 61.2 61.9 65.8 66.1 56.9 57.9

Employed.......................................................... 129,131 131,727 67,518 68,514 61,613 63,213

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.1 59.8 63.5 63.6 54.9 56.1

Unemployed....................................................... 4,599 4,743 2,443 2,696 2,156 2,047

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 84,787 83,940 36,407 36,483 48,381 47,457

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,191 2,283 2,234 2,228 2,261 2,296 2,303 2,207 2,272

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,472 1,519 1,535 1,492 1,519 1,559 1,571 1,463 1,553

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 695 719 683 715 688 695 693 707 701

Unpaid family workers........................... 24 45 16 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 156,558 159,393 159,916 156,344 159,099 159,321 159,388 159,299 159,868

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 147,532 150,305 150,878 147,381 149,974 150,217 150,090 150,154 150,798

Government..................................... 21,189 21,741 22,072 21,084 21,161 21,199 21,601 21,655 21,891

Private industries............................... 126,344 128,564 128,807 126,468 128,778 128,891 128,821 128,699 129,077

Private households.......................... 671 768 771 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 125,673 127,796 128,035 125,819 128,166 128,282 128,209 128,076 128,371

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,979 9,054 9,011 8,970 8,814 8,809 9,033 8,943 8,998

Unpaid family workers........................... 46 34 26 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 3,580 3,973 3,871 3,688 4,000 4,221 4,065 4,283 3,988

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,463 2,790 2,700 2,546 2,717 2,799 2,793 2,982 2,793

Could only find part-time work.................. 815 964 911 826 1,014 1,021 938 1,002 932

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 22,062 22,008 22,662 21,226 21,971 21,975 22,152 21,539 21,862

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 3,498 3,923 3,796 3,623 3,913 4,110 3,991 4,182 3,927

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,415 2,754 2,654 2,497 2,657 2,757 2,752 2,944 2,745

Could only find part-time work.................. 812 958 903 819 1,012 1,021 929 995 921

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,671 21,649 22,210 20,844 21,539 21,522 21,723 21,175 21,427

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,749 161,676 162,149 158,527 161,262 161,484 161,570 161,222 161,969

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,502 5,514 5,517 5,740 5,462 5,586 5,570 5,685 5,733

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,164 2,162 2,172 2,241 2,083 2,098 2,119 2,161 2,238

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,338 3,352 3,345 3,500 3,353 3,461 3,427 3,517 3,513

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,247 156,162 156,632 152,787 155,799 155,898 156,000 155,537 156,236

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,769 14,600 14,781 13,759 14,559 14,606 14,676 14,550 14,780

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,478 141,562 141,851 138,845 141,160 141,194 141,293 140,911 141,254

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,922 103,741 103,930 101,400 103,539 103,531 103,537 103,299 103,468

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,304 35,939 35,953 35,073 36,168 35,974 35,940 35,778 35,779

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,919 35,625 35,832 34,777 35,379 35,478 35,518 35,491 35,691

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,699 32,177 32,145 31,550 31,992 32,080 32,079 32,030 31,997

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,555 37,821 37,921 37,446 37,620 37,663 37,756 37,612 37,786

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,455 85,384 85,910 84,557 85,492 85,493 85,633 85,217 86,010

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,724 2,721 2,783 2,859 2,570 2,716 2,797 2,794 2,896

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991 1,054 1,014 1,059 943 1,009 1,060 1,069 1,074

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,734 1,667 1,769 1,809 1,606 1,668 1,720 1,725 1,844

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,731 82,663 83,128 81,698 82,922 82,777 82,837 82,423 83,114

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,049 7,238 7,406 7,071 7,435 7,369 7,310 7,252 7,445

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,682 75,426 75,722 74,451 75,462 75,297 75,466 75,100 75,525

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,331 55,191 55,420 54,119 55,358 55,300 55,291 54,997 55,267

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,655 19,037 19,144 18,548 19,338 19,215 19,114 18,956 19,084

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,813 19,099 19,149 18,761 19,103 19,053 19,120 19,045 19,112

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,863 17,055 17,127 16,810 16,917 17,032 17,057 16,997 17,071

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,351 20,235 20,302 20,332 20,104 19,997 20,175 20,103 20,259

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,294 76,292 76,239 73,970 75,769 75,991 75,936 76,005 75,959

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778 2,793 2,735 2,881 2,892 2,870 2,773 2,890 2,837

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173 1,108 1,158 1,182 1,140 1,089 1,059 1,092 1,164

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,605 1,685 1,577 1,691 1,746 1,793 1,708 1,792 1,668

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,516 73,499 73,504 71,088 72,877 73,121 73,163 73,115 73,122

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,721 7,363 7,375 6,688 7,125 7,237 7,366 7,298 7,335

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,795 66,136 66,129 64,394 65,697 65,897 65,827 65,811 65,729

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,591 48,550 48,510 47,281 48,181 48,232 48,245 48,302 48,202

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,649 16,902 16,809 16,525 16,830 16,759 16,826 16,822 16,695

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,106 16,526 16,683 16,016 16,276 16,425 16,398 16,447 16,580

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,836 15,122 15,017 14,740 15,075 15,048 15,022 15,033 14,927

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,204 17,586 17,619 17,113 17,516 17,665 17,582 17,509 17,527

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,014 45,960 46,384 45,988 45,886 45,911 46,357 45,990 46,310

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,617 37,130 37,118 36,322 37,413 37,430 37,279 37,077 36,906

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,832 9,963 9,916 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,154 134,824 134,634 132,300 134,274 134,189 134,167 134,493 134,840

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,595 26,853 27,515 26,115 27,153 27,185 27,336 26,666 27,005

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,782 8,542 8,463 7,676 8,113 8,028 8,151 8,356 8,341

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.3 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,028 6,626 6,872 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,674 9,773 9,695 9,686 9,502 9,504 9,726 9,650 9,699

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,000 6,506 6,291 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 729 863 740 11.3 11.3 12.2 11.6 13.2 11.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 290 370 284 11.5 11.2 11.8 12.7 14.6 11.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 447 505 455 11.3 11.4 12.7 11.1 12.6 11.5

20 years and over................................ 5,271 5,643 5,551 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,011 1,103 1,057 6.8 6.7 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.7

25 years and over.............................. 4,250 4,508 4,508 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 3,318 3,457 3,365 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,507 1,589 1,466 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.3 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 945 1,077 1,055 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 865 791 844 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.6

55 years and over........................... 947 1,059 1,141 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,236 3,654 3,582 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 409 480 402 12.5 13.0 13.7 12.6 14.7 12.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 195 206 161 15.6 13.2 12.0 15.2 16.2 13.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 222 289 245 10.9 12.9 15.3 11.4 14.3 11.7

20 years and over................................ 2,827 3,174 3,179 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 588 621 577 7.7 7.2 8.4 8.4 7.9 7.2

25 years and over.............................. 2,243 2,533 2,629 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 1,701 1,973 1,946 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.4

25 to 34 years............................. 795 938 848 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.6 4.7 4.3

35 to 44 years............................. 459 584 631 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2

45 to 54 years............................. 447 450 467 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.6 2.7

55 years and over........................... 542 560 683 2.6 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.7 3.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,764 2,852 2,709 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 320 383 338 10.0 9.7 10.8 10.6 11.7 10.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 95 164 123 7.4 9.4 11.6 9.9 13.1 9.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 225 217 211 11.7 10.0 10.2 10.8 10.8 11.2

20 years and over................................ 2,444 2,469 2,371 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 423 482 479 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.7 6.2 6.1

25 years and over.............................. 2,007 1,975 1,879 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,617 1,484 1,420 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 712 651 618 4.1 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 486 493 424 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.5

45 to 54 years............................. 419 341 377 2.8 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.5

55 years and over........................... 400 502 462 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 921 942 966 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 752 798 767 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0

Women who maintain families2.................... 507 485 495 4.9 4.5 4.9 4.0 4.6 4.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,801 5,236 5,184 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,200 1,286 1,112 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.0

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,487 2,744 2,816 2,761 2,620 2,914 2,858 3,059 3,100

On temporary layoff.............................. 608 572 720 806 667 789 781 873 892

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 1,879 2,172 2,096 1,956 1,953 2,125 2,077 2,186 2,209

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,293 1,617 1,536 1,351 1,372 1,538 1,441 1,605 1,629

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 585 555 560 605 581 587 636 581 580

Job leavers........................................... 818 823 810 829 852 801 797 800 820

Reentrants............................................ 1,688 1,895 1,660 1,798 1,853 1,930 2,043 1,884 1,782

New entrants......................................... 530 636 541 558 503 597 568 612 571

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 45.0 45.0 48.3 46.4 44.9 46.7 45.6 48.1 49.4

On temporary layoff.............................. 11.0 9.4 12.4 13.5 11.4 12.6 12.5 13.7 14.2

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 34.0 35.6 36.0 32.9 33.5 34.0 33.2 34.4 35.2

Job leavers........................................... 14.8 13.5 13.9 13.9 14.6 12.8 12.7 12.6 13.1

Reentrants............................................ 30.6 31.1 28.5 30.2 31.8 30.9 32.6 29.6 28.4

New entrants......................................... 9.6 10.4 9.3 9.4 8.6 9.6 9.1 9.6 9.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,051 2,104 1,873 2,244 2,004 2,221 2,051 2,268 2,068

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,562 1,726 1,939 1,694 1,698 1,877 2,044 1,836 2,080

15 weeks and over.................................. 1,910 2,268 2,016 2,036 2,161 2,298 2,288 2,363 2,145

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 716 975 897 821 997 1,002 1,072 1,081 994

27 weeks and over............................... 1,194 1,292 1,119 1,215 1,164 1,296 1,216 1,282 1,150

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 22.0 22.2 19.9 21.4 20.6 20.4 21.5 21.6 19.4

Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.7 9.1 9.3 8.8 8.7 8.7 9.2 8.9 9.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 37.1 34.5 32.1 37.6 34.2 34.7 32.1 35.1 32.9

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 28.3 28.3 33.3 28.4 29.0 29.3 32.0 28.4 33.1

15 weeks and over.................................. 34.6 37.2 34.6 34.1 36.9 35.9 35.8 36.5 34.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.0 16.0 15.4 13.7 17.0 15.7 16.8 16.7 15.8

27 weeks and over............................... 21.6 21.2 19.2 20.3 19.9 20.3 19.1 19.8 18.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 158,749 162,149 5,523 5,827 3.4 3.5

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 69,156 71,350 1,247 1,301 1.8 1.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 29,811 31,091 584 533 1.9 1.7

Professional and related occupations.......................... 39,345 40,259 663 768 1.7 1.9

Service occupations................................................ 25,448 25,711 1,173 1,126 4.4 4.2

Sales and office occupations...................................... 29,983 30,174 1,019 1,123 3.3 3.6

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,204 14,514 487 565 3.3 3.7

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,779 15,660 532 559 3.3 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,148 14,476 662 646 4.5 4.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 906 1,053 65 85 6.7 7.5

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,499 8,545 467 462 5.2 5.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,744 4,878 130 99 2.7 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 20,014 20,439 871 1,079 4.2 5.0

Production occupations.......................................... 8,243 8,432 254 306 3.0 3.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,771 12,007 617 773 5.0 6.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 5,523 5,827 3.4 3.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,253 4,676 3.3 3.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 19 13 3.1 2.2

Construction.......................................................................... 393 496 3.9 4.8

Manufacturing........................................................................ 401 487 2.7 3.1

Durable goods..................................................................... 254 286 2.6 2.9

Nondurable goods................................................................ 148 201 2.7 3.5

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 666 735 3.5 3.6

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 360 346 4.2 4.1

Information............................................................................ 57 100 2.1 3.7

Financial activities................................................................... 200 232 1.9 2.3

Professional and business services............................................... 702 747 3.7 3.9

Education and health services..................................................... 521 528 2.1 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 769 758 5.8 5.5

Other services........................................................................ 165 234 2.5 3.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 85 105 5.6 6.6

Government workers................................................................... 332 305 1.5 1.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 323 201 3.2 2.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 6.4 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

Nov.

2022

Nov.

2023

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 100,436 99,845 41,542 41,646 58,894 58,199

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,211 5,006 2,570 2,371 2,642 2,635

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,501 1,625 751 867 750 757

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 430 455 298 275 133 180

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,071 1,170 453 592 618 577

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,782 8,463 3,702 3,833 4,080 4,630

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 5.2 4.4 4.5 5.5 6.1

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,507 5,002 2,409 2,506 2,098 2,495

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,866 2,022 599 605 1,267 1,417

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 336 363 191 178 146 185

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,017 1,012 491 511 526 501

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.2023 -

Nov.2023p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,642 156,906 157,984 158,461 154,296 156,738 156,888 157,087 199

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,866 133,981 134,714 135,032 131,972 133,885 133,970 134,120 150

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,501 21,805 21,808 21,742 21,425 21,643 21,633 21,662 29

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 650 650 645 624 645 645 644 -1

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 48.2 48.1 45.8 45.6 47.3 47.2 45.5 -1.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 581.0 601.4 601.6 599.1 578.6 597.5 597.3 598.5 1.2

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.1 119.3 119.7 119.5 117.1 118.8 119.0 118.4 -0.6

Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.9 189.2 188.3 187.8 187.1 186.9 186.6 187.1 0.5

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.0 41.3 41.0 40.9 41.1 41.4 41.0 41.0 0.0

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 44.1 44.0 44.3 43.3 44.2 44.1 44.6 0.5

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.8 103.8 103.3 102.6 102.6 101.4 101.5 101.5 0.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.0 292.9 293.6 291.8 274.4 291.8 291.7 293.0 1.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,900 8,160 8,194 8,103 7,833 8,006 8,031 8,033 2

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,782.3 1,824.0 1,842.2 1,827.0 1,772.9 1,808.5 1,818.5 1,815.7 -2.8

Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . . 934.2 936.4 948.9 938.8 929.0 931.1 935.4 933.7 -1.7

Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . . 848.1 887.6 893.3 888.2 843.9 877.4 883.1 882.0 -1.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,101.4 1,181.4 1,182.3 1,151.6 1,078.4 1,129.8 1,131.9 1,135.2 3.3

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,016.5 5,154.9 5,169.1 5,124.0 4,981.2 5,067.7 5,080.5 5,082.4 1.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,335.9 2,391.4 2,402.5 2,388.9 2,321.9 2,359.4 2,367.5 2,370.2 2.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,680.6 2,763.5 2,766.6 2,735.1 2,659.3 2,708.3 2,713.0 2,712.2 -0.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,974 12,995 12,964 12,994 12,968 12,992 12,957 12,985 28

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,072 8,138 8,108 8,154 8,073 8,147 8,113 8,149 36

Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428.1 420.6 420.3 421.7 429.0 421.8 421.2 422.2 1.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.4 437.5 438.6 438.8 428.7 434.1 434.4 435.0 0.6

Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.4 369.3 368.4 367.0 365.6 370.4 369.4 368.2 -1.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . . 1,444.3 1,453.8 1,455.6 1,458.4 1,447.4 1,456.3 1,456.3 1,458.0 1.7

Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115.9 1,129.7 1,128.6 1,132.7 1,119.1 1,135.2 1,133.9 1,135.5 1.6

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100.4 1,096.3 1,096.3 1,097.7 1,099.9 1,099.2 1,098.1 1,098.9 0.8

Computer and peripheral equipment

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.9 166.7 166.2 166.2 166.4 166.9 166.1 166.1 0.0

Communications equipment

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 85.3 86.4 86.2 84.9 85.8 86.4 86.3 -0.1

Semiconductor and other electronic

component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.9 382.8 382.3 383.8 393.4 384.5 383.6 384.2 0.6

Navigational, measuring, electromedical,

and control instruments

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.1 428.2 428.5 428.7 422.9 428.8 429.0 429.5 0.5

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic

and optical media and audio and video

equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 33.3 32.9 32.8 32.3 33.2 32.9 32.8 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.5 406.0 406.3 406.6 405.1 406.5 407.3 407.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing1

. . . 1,772.0 1,840.5 1,810.5 1,845.8 1,766.8 1,835.5 1,807.4 1,840.6 33.2

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,044.4 1,083.7 1,050.3 1,081.3 1,038.6 1,078.7 1,046.7 1,076.7 30.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.9 355.2 355.2 356.9 376.6 358.0 356.9 356.2 -0.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.8 628.8 628.4 628.2 634.9 629.9 628.1 627.0 -1.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,902 4,857 4,856 4,840 4,895 4,845 4,844 4,836 -8

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719.7 1,726.9 1,732.4 1,727.1 1,714.5 1,719.5 1,724.5 1,723.7 -0.8

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.6 93.2 93.0 92.7 96.5 93.0 93.0 92.9 -0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.7 98.5 97.4 97.8 102.8 98.8 97.9 97.8 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.7 90.9 90.7 90.1 93.8 91.1 90.7 90.0 -0.7

Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.7 346.9 347.3 348.0 360.9 347.8 348.1 347.6 -0.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 384.3 371.1 372.9 373.6 381.2 372.3 372.2 371.2 -1.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.8 106.5 106.7 106.0 106.1 105.4 105.1 106.5 1.4

Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921.9 912.9 910.4 908.1 922.0 916.1 913.3 911.5 -1.8

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757.0 741.9 739.3 737.3 759.7 742.5 739.4 736.0 -3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.2023 -

Nov.2023p

Nondurable goods - Continued

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied

product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.4 367.7 366.1 359.1 357.0 358.6 359.6 359.1 -0.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,365 112,176 112,906 113,290 110,547 112,242 112,337 112,458 121

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,272 28,723 28,963 29,371 28,731 28,873 28,868 28,833 -35

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,023.1 6,076.5 6,102.1 6,108.1 6,019.2 6,080.9 6,092.1 6,100.4 8.3

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . 3,320.2 3,362.9 3,374.0 3,381.0 3,324.2 3,367.7 3,374.3 3,380.0 5.7

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . 2,176.4 2,184.4 2,194.3 2,194.5 2,170.8 2,184.3 2,186.7 2,189.7 3.0

Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . . 526.5 529.2 533.8 532.6 524.2 528.9 531.1 530.7 -0.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,765.7 15,414.9 15,564.2 15,828.4 15,451.1 15,533.8 15,529.1 15,490.7 -38.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,024.4 2,058.6 2,063.3 2,062.3 2,025.4 2,054.1 2,059.0 2,059.8 0.8

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,260.8 1,267.4 1,273.2 1,276.3 1,261.2 1,267.2 1,273.0 1,275.1 2.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.7 177.4 174.5 168.3 178.4 175.5 174.0 172.1 -1.9

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire

retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.9 613.8 615.6 617.7 585.8 611.4 611.9 612.6 0.7

Building material and garden equipment

and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,395.0 1,356.3 1,349.0 1,344.2 1,421.8 1,371.9 1,368.9 1,365.3 -3.6

Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,244.1 3,230.3 3,249.9 3,281.8 3,219.3 3,249.9 3,253.3 3,255.8 2.5

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,

and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.6 837.7 845.5 855.6 881.2 844.9 840.9 835.1 -5.8

Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. . 458.4 428.9 437.5 444.3 447.3 434.3 435.3 431.1 -4.2

Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . 442.2 408.8 408.0 411.3 425.7 409.4 404.2 402.2 -2.0

General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,228.4 3,124.3 3,192.3 3,300.8 3,051.8 3,169.4 3,167.2 3,142.4 -24.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009.8 927.2 957.7 1,007.9 915.7 948.9 945.9 926.5 -19.4

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and

other general merchandise retailers. . . . 2,218.6 2,197.1 2,234.6 2,292.9 2,136.1 2,220.5 2,221.4 2,215.9 -5.5

Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . . 1,131.9 1,090.2 1,105.6 1,120.2 1,110.4 1,100.2 1,099.4 1,096.9 -2.5

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . . 1,052.8 1,082.0 1,076.6 1,081.5 1,051.1 1,077.9 1,074.3 1,076.0 1.7

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and

jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,204.0 1,112.9 1,139.1 1,202.0 1,151.0 1,132.6 1,133.0 1,127.4 -5.6

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,

book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . . 1,584.5 1,522.6 1,542.9 1,580.0 1,539.1 1,532.9 1,533.1 1,532.0 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,926.8 6,672.4 6,735.7 6,872.9 6,704.6 6,698.2 6,685.8 6,680.8 -5.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.3 552.7 555.0 556.2 520.7 551.4 554.3 558.4 4.1

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.4 150.2 150.1 150.1 148.4 150.0 149.9 149.6 -0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 70.7 70.5 67.2 64.8 68.8 69.6 68.7 -0.9

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,616.4 1,589.7 1,591.9 1,591.8 1,605.5 1,584.2 1,580.6 1,581.3 0.7

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.6 451.0 455.0 452.5 422.7 435.2 435.5 436.2 0.7

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.3 47.8 48.1 48.2 48.5 47.9 48.0 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 28.9 41.6 37.2 33.8 32.0 36.6 36.1 36.7 0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 814.1 818.1 818.7 817.2 805.7 815.8 813.9 811.8 -2.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,263.8 1,079.6 1,109.3 1,237.3 1,121.0 1,125.6 1,128.9 1,129.1 0.2

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,984.8 1,870.5 1,900.2 1,918.7 1,935.6 1,882.1 1,869.1 1,861.0 -8.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.9 559.3 561.3 561.6 556.0 560.4 561.0 561.1 0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,145 3,037 3,026 3,048 3,129 3,034 3,015 3,025 10

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.7 431.5 435.6 462.6 477.8 433.1 427.6 444.8 17.2

Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.3 935.8 919.8 913.5 953.5 930.1 919.2 914.0 -5.2

Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . . 359.3 346.4 350.1 349.0 357.3 347.3 349.3 347.2 -2.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662.3 638.8 634.9 636.0 661.2 638.3 635.4 634.8 -0.6

Computing infrastructure providers, data

processing, web hosting, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480.9 494.6 494.1 494.1 479.7 494.4 493.1 493.7 0.6

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and

other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200.8 190.3 191.8 192.4 199.8 190.7 190.6 190.4 -0.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,116 9,151 9,173 9,172 9,097 9,153 9,148 9,152 4

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,710.0 6,700.9 6,715.5 6,714.8 6,697.0 6,715.1 6,706.9 6,702.8 -4.1

Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 22.0 21.9 21.9 21.8 22.0 21.9 22.0 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,684.3 2,642.7 2,636.4 2,629.6 2,685.2 2,648.3 2,638.4 2,630.2 -8.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.2023 -

Nov.2023p

Credit intermediation and related -

Continued

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,779.4 1,771.7 1,767.2 1,767.1 1,780.8 1,778.3 1,772.6 1,769.3 -3.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,374.4 1,361.0 1,355.1 1,354.4 1,376.1 1,366.4 1,360.3 1,357.0 -3.3

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 581.6 561.0 560.5 556.3 581.1 560.4 557.8 554.7 -3.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 323.3 310.0 308.7 306.2 323.3 309.6 308.1 306.1 -2.0

Securities, commodity contracts, funds,

trusts, and other financial vehicles,

investments, and related activities. . . . . . . . 1,070.9 1,084.3 1,096.1 1,097.9 1,068.1 1,089.4 1,092.6 1,095.1 2.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,933.1 2,951.9 2,961.1 2,965.4 2,921.9 2,955.4 2,954.0 2,955.5 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,405.7 2,449.7 2,457.9 2,456.9 2,399.8 2,438.2 2,441.2 2,449.6 8.4

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,850.6 1,854.2 1,871.6 1,875.9 1,841.9 1,853.3 1,857.0 1,863.8 6.8

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532.4 572.9 563.4 558.1 535.4 562.2 561.5 563.0 1.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 22.6 22.9 22.9 22.5 22.7 22.7 22.8 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,028 23,047 23,266 23,231 22,791 22,978 22,980 22,971 -9

Professional, scientific, and technical

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,714.5 10,849.4 10,963.1 10,994.0 10,684.8 10,927.2 10,938.7 10,955.2 16.5

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,186.8 1,175.4 1,189.3 1,194.5 1,180.1 1,182.4 1,183.4 1,186.7 3.3

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,

and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109.3 1,105.4 1,118.9 1,132.0 1,133.0 1,155.9 1,154.4 1,151.9 -2.5

Architectural, engineering, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,643.9 1,687.5 1,697.5 1,698.5 1,638.9 1,684.7 1,687.7 1,693.6 5.9

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.6 159.6 161.6 161.2 154.9 160.2 160.5 159.7 -0.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,504.3 2,499.2 2,530.4 2,537.2 2,489.6 2,514.8 2,519.0 2,521.9 2.9

Management, scientific, and technical

consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,841.2 1,886.2 1,911.0 1,910.6 1,823.2 1,889.5 1,889.9 1,892.8 2.9

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.4 945.7 946.8 950.8 910.7 948.5 947.1 951.3 4.2

Advertising, public relations, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.5 499.4 506.1 507.6 493.6 500.3 503.3 504.5 1.2

Other professional, scientific, and technical

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868.5 891.0 901.5 901.6 860.9 890.9 893.4 893.0 -0.4

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,509.8 2,525.3 2,525.8 2,524.0 2,507.9 2,527.0 2,525.5 2,522.9 -2.6

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services. . . . . 9,804.1 9,671.9 9,777.1 9,713.0 9,598.0 9,524.1 9,515.6 9,493.3 -22.3

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,315.6 9,170.1 9,277.0 9,210.3 9,114.0 9,026.2 9,018.4 8,993.3 -25.1

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.5 630.9 638.3 640.6 609.0 629.2 633.7 637.6 3.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.2 166.8 166.7 166.3 157.9 165.4 165.3 165.7 0.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,023.9 3,750.1 3,858.5 3,842.4 3,875.9 3,693.4 3,684.9 3,660.3 -24.6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,222.3 2,974.4 3,072.0 3,056.8 3,092.9 2,928.5 2,928.7 2,915.1 -13.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.0 741.5 744.8 751.9 765.6 745.6 739.3 735.0 -4.3

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.5 187.1 187.5 187.8 177.2 185.8 186.2 188.5 2.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 976.5 985.8 989.2 993.4 969.4 983.0 984.9 987.2 2.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,245.6 2,359.6 2,337.5 2,273.3 2,220.8 2,279.9 2,276.0 2,267.6 -8.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339.4 348.3 354.5 354.6 338.2 344.0 348.1 351.3 3.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.5 501.8 500.1 502.7 484.0 497.9 497.2 500.0 2.8

Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 25,024 25,572 25,902 26,069 24,756 25,611 25,694 25,793 99

Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,043.1 3,942.8 4,099.2 4,136.5 3,859.2 3,943.0 3,950.7 3,956.4 5.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,981.2 21,629.5 21,803.1 21,932.6 20,897.1 21,668.1 21,743.2 21,836.4 93.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,607.0 17,071.4 17,185.4 17,286.6 16,543.3 17,077.4 17,137.1 17,213.9 76.8

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 8,288.3 8,492.6 8,570.2 8,621.2 8,250.3 8,510.4 8,540.4 8,576.2 35.8

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,860.1 2,929.3 2,958.1 2,978.1 2,847.4 2,934.6 2,945.8 2,959.4 13.6

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,033.8 1,036.6 1,037.1 1,041.5 1,029.2 1,040.3 1,036.7 1,039.8 3.1

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,114.0 1,146.0 1,160.2 1,166.1 1,108.8 1,149.4 1,154.3 1,158.9 4.6

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054.6 1,063.6 1,074.6 1,083.7 1,051.3 1,067.0 1,074.4 1,079.6 5.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 320.8 325.3 325.3 328.6 320.4 326.6 325.1 328.2 3.1

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,570.2 1,648.6 1,670.3 1,678.3 1,558.9 1,649.8 1,659.7 1,665.6 5.9

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.8 343.2 344.6 344.9 334.4 342.7 344.3 344.7 0.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,247.3 5,385.1 5,407.4 5,436.4 5,229.3 5,374.9 5,395.5 5,419.2 23.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Change

from:

Oct.2023 -

Nov.2023p

Health care - Continued

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,071.4 3,193.7 3,207.8 3,229.0 3,063.7 3,192.1 3,201.2 3,218.5 17.3

Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,375.1 1,431.2 1,439.2 1,445.6 1,369.6 1,428.9 1,432.4 1,438.1 5.7

Residential intellectual and

developmental disability, mental

health, and substance abuse

facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620.5 644.4 645.7 649.7 619.7 643.6 645.0 649.3 4.3

Continuing care retirement

communities and assisted living

facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920.8 961.3 965.3 975.9 920.0 962.6 966.3 973.9 7.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 155.0 156.8 157.6 157.8 154.4 157.0 157.4 157.2 -0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,374.2 4,558.1 4,617.7 4,646.0 4,353.8 4,590.7 4,606.1 4,622.5 16.4

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,905.9 3,058.1 3,095.6 3,109.5 2,895.9 3,077.3 3,087.6 3,096.2 8.6

Community food and housing, and

emergency and other relief services. . . . 207.1 217.4 220.3 223.5 206.2 220.2 221.2 222.0 0.8

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 273.1 282.1 284.7 286.1 272.6 283.1 283.6 284.8 1.2

Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988.1 1,000.5 1,017.1 1,026.9 979.0 1,010.1 1,013.7 1,019.4 5.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,998 16,775 16,688 16,508 16,258 16,705 16,747 16,787 40

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,248.5 2,514.7 2,473.6 2,360.5 2,380.2 2,482.0 2,506.7 2,507.5 0.8

Performing arts, spectator sports, and

related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.4 580.5 580.5 553.5 510.3 553.4 568.1 564.8 -3.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.5 176.0 176.4 172.7 165.5 174.0 174.5 175.1 0.6

Amusement, gambling, and recreation

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,588.6 1,758.2 1,716.7 1,634.3 1,704.4 1,754.6 1,764.1 1,767.6 3.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,749.3 14,260.4 14,214.2 14,147.1 13,877.6 14,223.0 14,239.8 14,279.2 39.4

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,772.7 1,908.0 1,879.4 1,833.5 1,834.5 1,886.1 1,893.4 1,894.5 1.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,976.6 12,352.4 12,334.8 12,313.6 12,043.1 12,336.9 12,346.4 12,384.7 38.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,782 5,871 5,888 5,891 5,785 5,888 5,885 5,897 12

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,418.7 1,456.1 1,464.7 1,459.4 1,414.1 1,456.6 1,458.2 1,459.8 1.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,515.5 1,546.9 1,553.0 1,555.2 1,517.9 1,553.6 1,549.8 1,553.9 4.1

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,

and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,847.6 2,867.6 2,869.9 2,876.3 2,853.2 2,877.4 2,877.4 2,883.3 5.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,776 22,925 23,270 23,429 22,324 22,853 22,918 22,967 49

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,884 2,960 2,959 2,968 2,873 2,949 2,953 2,953 0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,281.0 2,357.5 2,354.0 2,360.7 2,276.5 2,342.1 2,345.7 2,350.3 4.6

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.2 602.5 605.4 607.0 596.6 606.4 607.1 603.0 -4.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,290 5,373 5,482 5,529 5,116 5,288 5,317 5,334 17

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,633.8 2,641.4 2,744.5 2,781.0 2,453.1 2,561.7 2,579.3 2,585.1 5.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,656.3 2,731.7 2,737.6 2,747.7 2,663.2 2,726.4 2,738.1 2,748.4 10.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,602 14,592 14,829 14,932 14,335 14,616 14,648 14,680 32

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,136.0 7,955.4 8,212.8 8,304.3 7,848.3 7,971.7 7,993.4 8,007.4 14.0

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,466.3 6,636.3 6,616.3 6,627.4 6,486.6 6,644.0 6,654.6 6,672.3 17.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.8 39.9 39.9 39.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.3 44.9 44.6 45.2

Construction....................................................................... 38.5 39.1 39.2 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.2 40.1 40.0 40.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.6 40.6 40.5 40.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.6 39.2 39.3 39.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 33.9 33.9 34.1

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.8 38.6 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 29.8 29.8 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.2 38.3 38.1

Utilities........................................................................... 42.1 41.7 42.0 41.8

Information......................................................................... 36.7 36.3 36.2 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.5 36.5 36.4 36.5

Private education and health services......................................... 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.5 25.6 25.5 25.5

Other services..................................................................... 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0

Nondurable goods................................................................... 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Total private............................................... $32.80 $33.91 $33.98 $34.10 $1,131.60 $1,166.50 $1,165.51 $1,173.04

Goods-producing....................................... 33.00 34.46 34.57 34.76 1,313.40 1,374.95 1,379.34 1,386.92

Mining and logging.................................. 36.45 38.68 38.58 38.60 1,687.64 1,736.73 1,720.67 1,744.72

Construction.......................................... 35.43 36.84 37.00 37.18 1,364.06 1,440.44 1,450.40 1,461.17

Manufacturing........................................ 31.40 32.80 32.87 33.07 1,262.28 1,315.28 1,314.80 1,322.80

Durable goods.................................... 32.98 34.35 34.50 34.69 1,338.99 1,394.61 1,397.25 1,401.48

Nondurable goods................................ 28.74 30.09 30.05 30.28 1,138.10 1,179.53 1,180.97 1,193.03

Private service-providing.............................. 32.76 33.78 33.85 33.95 1,094.18 1,124.87 1,127.21 1,130.54

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 28.17 29.25 29.24 29.34 963.41 991.58 991.24 1,000.49

Wholesale trade.................................. 35.68 37.16 36.95 37.23 1,384.38 1,441.81 1,426.27 1,444.52

Retail trade........................................ 23.46 24.05 24.05 24.14 710.84 716.69 716.69 731.44

Transportation and warehousing............... 28.11 29.46 29.60 29.66 1,079.42 1,125.37 1,133.68 1,130.05

Utilities............................................. 48.14 50.01 50.20 50.44 2,026.69 2,085.42 2,108.40 2,108.39

Information........................................... 47.46 48.29 48.33 48.56 1,741.78 1,752.93 1,749.55 1,748.16

Financial activities................................... 42.13 44.17 44.22 44.44 1,575.66 1,651.96 1,653.83 1,662.06

Professional and business services.............. 39.40 40.71 40.87 41.03 1,438.10 1,485.92 1,487.67 1,497.60

Private education and health services............ 32.47 33.18 33.25 33.28 1,084.50 1,104.89 1,107.23 1,104.90

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 20.61 21.29 21.42 21.55 525.56 545.02 546.21 549.53

Other services....................................... 29.41 30.14 30.26 30.27 947.00 973.52 977.40 977.72

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Total private..................................... 114.3 115.6 115.4 115.8 0.3 179.2 187.4 187.4 188.8 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 97.1 98.4 98.3 98.5 0.2 144.9 153.2 153.7 154.7 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 90.8 91.0 90.4 91.5 1.2 132.9 141.3 140.0 141.8 1.3

Construction................................ 104.0 107.9 108.5 108.8 0.3 160.0 172.7 174.5 175.8 0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 93.8 93.7 93.2 93.4 0.2 136.9 143.0 142.5 143.7 0.8

Durable goods........................... 92.3 93.1 92.5 92.7 0.2 135.2 142.1 141.7 142.8 0.8

Nondurable goods...................... 96.8 94.8 95.0 95.1 0.1 141.1 144.7 144.9 146.1 0.8

Private service-providing.................... 118.9 120.3 120.4 120.6 0.2 189.3 197.6 198.2 199.0 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 107.4 106.9 106.9 107.4 0.5 163.1 168.7 168.6 170.0 0.8

Wholesale trade......................... 103.0 104.1 103.7 104.4 0.7 153.8 161.8 160.3 162.6 1.4

Retail trade.............................. 95.3 94.2 94.2 95.5 1.4 147.8 149.8 149.8 152.5 1.8

Transportation and warehousing...... 147.9 147.0 147.1 146.3 -0.5 211.5 220.3 221.6 220.7 -0.4

Utilities.................................... 101.3 101.1 101.9 101.5 -0.4 161.1 167.1 169.1 169.1 0.0

Information................................. 104.9 100.6 99.7 99.5 -0.2 177.2 173.0 171.6 172.0 0.2

Financial activities......................... 111.5 112.1 112.1 112.1 0.0 183.1 193.2 193.3 194.4 0.6

Professional and business services..... 130.1 131.2 130.9 131.2 0.2 207.7 216.4 216.6 218.0 0.6

Private education and health services... 135.0 139.3 139.7 139.8 0.1 210.9 222.3 223.5 223.9 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 118.3 122.0 121.8 122.1 0.2 196.7 209.6 210.6 212.4 0.9

Other services............................. 107.4 109.7 109.6 109.8 0.2 173.1 181.1 181.8 182.2 0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Total nonfarm............................................. 76,844 78,118 78,248 78,358 49.8 49.8 49.9 49.9

Total private............................................ 63,848 64,799 64,890 64,965 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,955 4,997 4,998 5,005 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1

Mining and logging............................... 80 83 85 86 12.8 12.9 13.2 13.4

Construction....................................... 1,110 1,139 1,145 1,150 14.2 14.2 14.3 14.3

Manufacturing..................................... 3,765 3,775 3,768 3,769 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.0

Durable goods.................................. 2,008 2,027 2,022 2,024 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8

Nondurable goods............................. 1,757 1,748 1,746 1,745 35.9 36.1 36.0 36.1

Private service-providing........................... 58,893 59,802 59,892 59,960 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,309 11,278 11,276 11,258 39.4 39.1 39.1 39.0

Wholesale trade................................ 1,833.5 1,862.2 1,869.3 1,867.3 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.6

Retail trade..................................... 7,504.3 7,479.2 7,479.4 7,464.7 48.6 48.1 48.2 48.2

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,828.7 1,788.6 1,779.1 1,777.0 27.3 26.7 26.6 26.6

Utilities........................................... 142.8 147.6 148.3 149.1 25.7 26.3 26.4 26.6

Information......................................... 1,262 1,238 1,233 1,232 40.3 40.8 40.9 40.7

Financial activities................................ 5,069 5,096 5,098 5,104 55.7 55.7 55.7 55.8

Professional and business services............ 10,508 10,582 10,583 10,561 46.1 46.1 46.1 46.0

Private education and health services......... 19,059 19,671 19,744 19,809 77.0 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,595 8,786 8,803 8,834 52.9 52.6 52.6 52.6

Other services..................................... 3,091 3,151 3,155 3,162 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.6

Government............................................. 12,996 13,319 13,358 13,393 58.2 58.3 58.3 58.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Total private............................................................................... 107,392 108,961 108,990 109,156

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,370 15,468 15,432 15,464

Mining and logging.................................................................. 467 498 497 497

Construction.......................................................................... 5,789 5,868 5,875 5,880

Manufacturing........................................................................ 9,114 9,102 9,060 9,087

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,608 5,615 5,575 5,606

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,506 3,487 3,485 3,481

Private service-providing.............................................................. 92,022 93,493 93,558 93,692

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 24,183 24,348 24,345 24,297

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,778.0 4,801.7 4,808.6 4,810.8

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,119.4 13,259.0 13,254.8 13,217.9

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,843.5 5,841.2 5,833.9 5,820.4

Utilities.............................................................................. 442.2 446.0 447.4 447.9

Information............................................................................ 2,488 2,422 2,415 2,424

Financial activities................................................................... 6,857 6,862 6,869 6,877

Professional and business services............................................... 18,171 18,172 18,151 18,140

Private education and health services............................................ 21,534 22,296 22,369 22,461

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,086 14,591 14,608 14,686

Other services........................................................................ 4,703 4,802 4,801 4,807

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.9 33.8 33.7 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.3 47.9 47.8 48.5

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 39.7 39.9 40.0

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.7 40.7 40.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 40.9 40.9 40.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.4 40.4 40.4 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.9 32.7 32.6 32.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.0 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.8 38.5 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.5 30.5 30.3 30.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.9 37.5 37.6 37.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.0 42.1 42.0

Information......................................................................... 36.5 35.9 36.0 35.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 36.9 36.6 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.3

Private education and health services......................................... 32.6 32.4 32.4 32.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.5 24.4 24.2 24.3

Other services..................................................................... 31.1 31.3 31.2 31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Total private............................................... $28.09 $29.08 $29.18 $29.30 $952.25 $982.90 $983.37 $990.34

Goods-producing....................................... 28.58 29.90 29.97 30.20 1,154.63 1,210.95 1,216.78 1,226.12

Mining and logging.................................. 33.26 35.08 34.67 34.60 1,573.20 1,680.33 1,657.23 1,678.10

Construction.......................................... 33.00 34.54 34.69 34.96 1,293.60 1,371.24 1,384.13 1,398.40

Manufacturing........................................ 25.60 26.64 26.67 26.87 1,044.48 1,084.25 1,085.47 1,090.92

Durable goods.................................... 26.87 27.79 27.85 28.01 1,104.36 1,136.61 1,139.07 1,140.01

Nondurable goods................................ 23.53 24.77 24.76 25.03 950.61 1,000.71 1,000.30 1,006.21

Private service-providing.............................. 27.99 28.91 29.02 29.11 920.87 945.36 946.05 948.99

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.47 25.40 25.43 25.48 836.87 863.60 862.08 866.32

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.76 30.60 30.60 30.72 1,157.66 1,187.28 1,178.10 1,188.86

Retail trade........................................ 20.04 20.63 20.61 20.65 611.22 629.22 624.48 629.83

Transportation and warehousing............... 26.44 28.13 28.22 28.26 1,002.08 1,054.88 1,061.07 1,056.92

Utilities............................................. 43.09 44.58 44.83 45.03 1,839.94 1,872.36 1,887.34 1,891.26

Information........................................... 38.56 39.80 39.50 39.97 1,407.44 1,428.82 1,422.00 1,422.93

Financial activities................................... 32.75 34.30 34.54 34.86 1,211.75 1,265.67 1,264.16 1,282.85

Professional and business services.............. 33.13 34.40 34.51 34.64 1,202.62 1,248.72 1,249.26 1,257.43

Private education and health services............ 29.57 30.30 30.41 30.40 963.98 981.72 985.28 984.96

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 18.24 18.88 19.06 19.25 446.88 460.67 461.25 467.78

Other services....................................... 25.26 25.95 26.06 26.12 785.59 812.24 813.07 814.94

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Nov.

2022

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Nov.

2023p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2023 -

Nov.

2023p

Total private..................................... 121.3 122.7 122.4 122.9 0.4 227.8 238.5 238.7 240.8 0.9

Goods-producing............................. 94.9 95.7 95.7 95.9 0.2 166.1 175.3 175.7 177.4 1.0

Mining and logging........................ 117.4 126.8 126.2 128.1 1.5 227.1 258.6 254.6 257.8 1.3

Construction................................ 113.6 116.6 117.4 117.8 0.3 202.5 217.5 219.9 222.3 1.1

Manufacturing.............................. 85.4 85.0 84.6 84.7 0.1 142.9 148.2 147.6 148.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 86.6 86.3 85.7 85.7 0.0 145.3 149.7 148.9 149.9 0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 83.5 83.0 83.0 82.4 -0.7 138.8 145.3 145.1 145.8 0.5

Private service-providing.................... 129.0 130.3 130.0 130.1 0.1 247.6 258.3 258.7 259.8 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 115.8 115.9 115.5 115.6 0.1 202.5 210.4 210.0 210.6 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 110.3 110.6 109.9 110.5 0.5 193.8 199.7 198.4 200.3 1.0

Retail trade.............................. 101.5 102.5 101.8 102.2 0.4 174.3 181.4 180.0 181.0 0.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 167.6 165.8 166.0 164.7 -0.8 282.1 296.8 298.2 296.3 -0.6

Utilities.................................... 96.6 95.8 96.3 96.2 -0.1 173.7 178.3 180.3 180.8 0.3

Information................................. 103.7 99.2 99.2 98.5 -0.7 197.9 195.5 194.1 194.9 0.4

Financial activities......................... 119.4 119.2 118.3 119.1 0.7 240.6 251.5 251.4 255.5 1.6

Professional and business services..... 147.2 147.3 146.7 147.0 0.2 290.2 301.3 301.1 302.9 0.6

Private education and health services... 149.7 154.0 154.5 155.2 0.5 292.1 308.0 310.2 311.3 0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 126.4 130.4 129.5 130.7 0.9 261.8 279.6 280.3 285.8 2.0

Other services............................. 102.6 105.4 105.1 105.2 0.1 188.8 199.3 199.5 200.2 0.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.