For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 10, 2018 USDL-18-1141

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2018

The number of job openings edged down to 6.6 million on the last business day of May, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 5.8

million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and discharges 

rate were little changed at 2.4 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of 

the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 

four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of May, the job openings level edged down to 6.6 million from a revised April 

level of 6.8 million, a series high. The job openings rate was 4.3 percent. The number of job openings

decreased for total private (-228,000) and was little changed for government. Job openings increased in 

federal government (+12,000) and mining and logging (+10,000) but decreased in information (-60,000)

and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-27,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Northeast 

region. (See table 1.)

Errors in JOLTS federal government estimates

BLS identified errors in the JOLTS federal government hires, total separations, and layoffs and 

discharges estimates from January 2011 forward. These data have been suppressed from the BLS

database and this news release. For more information on this error and correction plans, please visit: 

www.bls.gov/bls/errata/jolts-errata-06122018.htm.
- 2 -

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.8 million in May. The hires rate was 3.9 percent. The 

number of hires was little changed for total private. Hires increased in health care and social assistance 

(+48,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.5 million in May. The total separations rate was 

3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private. Total separations 

decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-39,000) and state and local government education 

(-17,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits increased in May to 3.6 million (+212,000). The quits rate was 2.4 percent. The 

number of quits rose for total private (+204,000) and was little changed for government. Quits increased 

in health care and social assistance (+55,000), finance and insurance (+21,000), and transportation, 

warehousing, and utilities (+20,000). The number of quits increased in the South region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.6 million in May. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 

private. Layoffs and discharges decreased in retail trade (-75,000), arts, entertainment, and recreation 

(-44,000), and state and local government education (-15,000). The number of layoffs and discharges

decreased in the West region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in May at 320,000. The number of other 

separations was little changed for total private and decreased for government (-13,000). Other 

separations decreased in finance and insurance (-19,000), state and local government education (-7,000), 

and federal government (-4,000). Other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in May, hires totaled 66.4 million and 

separations totaled 63.9 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for June 2018 are scheduled to be released 

on Tuesday, August 7, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,688 6,840 6,638 5,486 5,581 5,754 5,266 5,424 5,468

Total private....................................... 5,175 6,263 6,035 5,146 5,236 5,413 4,916 5,085 5,147

Mining and logging1............................ 21 27 37 39 39 42 29 34 34

Construction1................................... 183 243 243 371 347 385 351 318 345

Manufacturing.................................. 354 452 441 332 358 346 325 343 333

Durable goods1.............................. 202 281 272 184 213 202 174 198 184

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 152 171 169 148 145 143 152 145 148

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,007 1,298 1,298 1,061 1,109 1,103 1,055 1,104 1,076

Wholesale trade1............................ 194 214 208 130 128 130 123 136 122

Retail trade................................... 654 771 776 724 759 742 741 757 729

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 159 313 314 207 222 231 192 211 225

Information1

..................................... 100 188 128 77 84 91 82 85 90

Financial activities.............................. 345 335 336 223 194 196 212 198 198

Finance and insurance..................... 265 237 248 146 127 123 133 122 121

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 80 98 88 77 68 73 79 76 77

Professional and business services......... 987 1,254 1,190 1,141 1,143 1,201 1,082 1,114 1,163

Education and health services............... 1,089 1,287 1,224 676 687 735 629 641 675

Educational services1

....................... 101 114 106 100 103 102 87 91 98

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 988 1,173 1,119 576 584 632 541 549 578

Leisure and hospitality........................ 824 940 902 986 1,050 1,070 961 1,050 1,035

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 58 113 86 155 171 158 146 176 137

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 766 827 817 831 879 911 815 874 898

Other services1

................................. 267 239 235 240 223 245 189 199 198

Government....................................... 513 577 602 – – – – – –

Federal1

......................................... 106 82 94 – – – – – –

State and local................................. 406 495 508 303 308 314 317 304 291

State and local education.................. 143 175 172 147 155 149 144 160 143

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 264 320 337 156 153 165 173 144 148

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.7 4.4 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7

Total private....................................... 4.0 4.7 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.0 3.6 4.8 5.8 5.3 5.7 4.4 4.6 4.6

Construction1

................................... 2.6 3.3 3.3 5.4 4.8 5.3 5.1 4.4 4.8

Manufacturing.................................. 2.8 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.6 3.4 3.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.3

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.2 3.5 3.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1

Retail trade................................... 4.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 2.7 5.1 5.1 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.8

Information1

..................................... 3.5 6.3 4.4 2.8 3.0 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.3

Financial activities.............................. 3.9 3.8 3.8 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 4.1 3.6 3.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.5 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.4

Professional and business services......... 4.6 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.6

Education and health services............... 4.5 5.2 4.9 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.9

Educational services1

....................... 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.8 5.6 5.3 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.9 5.5 5.3 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.0 6.5 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 2.4 4.6 3.5 6.7 7.3 6.7 6.3 7.5 5.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.3 5.6 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.5 5.9 6.3 6.4

Other services1

................................. 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.8 4.2 3.3 3.4 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Government....................................... 2.2 2.5 2.6 – – – – – –

Federal1

......................................... 3.6 2.9 3.3 – – – – – –

State and local................................. 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.8 3.4 3.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

-Data not available
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total............................................... 5,688 6,228 6,078 6,633 6,840 6,638 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,175 5,675 5,489 6,026 6,263 6,035 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.6

Mining and logging3....................... 21 27 24 22 27 37 3.0 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.6 4.8

Construction3

............................... 183 252 180 235 243 243 2.6 3.4 2.4 3.2 3.3 3.3

Manufacturing.............................. 354 424 414 421 452 441 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4

Durable goods3

.......................... 202 273 261 253 281 272 2.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3

Nondurable goods3

...................... 152 152 153 168 171 169 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,007 1,217 1,093 1,231 1,298 1,298 3.5 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.5

Wholesale trade3

........................ 194 224 174 199 214 208 3.2 3.6 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.4

Retail trade............................... 654 709 663 733 771 776 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 159 283 256 299 313 314 2.7 4.7 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.1

Information3................................. 100 112 118 152 188 128 3.5 3.9 4.1 5.2 6.3 4.4

Financial activities......................... 345 355 406 368 335 336 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.8

Finance and insurance................. 265 265 339 281 237 248 4.1 4.0 5.1 4.3 3.6 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 80 90 67 87 98 88 3.5 3.9 2.9 3.7 4.2 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 987 1,028 1,016 1,160 1,254 1,190 4.6 4.7 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.4

Education and health services........... 1,089 1,175 1,192 1,269 1,287 1,224 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.9

Educational services3

................... 101 106 81 103 114 106 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 988 1,069 1,111 1,166 1,173 1,119 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 824 878 812 900 940 902 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.5 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 58 77 84 86 113 86 2.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.6 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 766 801 728 815 827 817 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.6 5.5

Other services3

............................. 267 206 234 268 239 235 4.4 3.4 3.9 4.4 3.9 3.9

Government................................... 513 553 590 607 577 602 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6

Federal3

..................................... 106 88 69 96 82 94 3.6 3.0 2.4 3.3 2.9 3.3

State and local............................. 406 465 520 511 495 508 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

State and local education.............. 143 165 180 174 175 172 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 264 300 340 337 320 337 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,023 1,007 1,019 1,134 1,196 1,075 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.2 3.8

South........................................... 2,094 2,216 2,182 2,329 2,405 2,432 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,302 1,507 1,465 1,629 1,656 1,633 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.8 4.7

West............................................ 1,268 1,499 1,412 1,541 1,582 1,497 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.2

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total............................................... 5,486 5,574 5,511 5,486 5,581 5,754 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,146 5,236 5,178 5,150 5,236 5,413 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3

Mining and logging......................... 39 32 36 35 39 42 5.8 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.7

Construction................................ 371 353 352 343 347 385 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.3

Manufacturing.............................. 332 360 382 353 358 346 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7

Durable goods........................... 184 212 215 211 213 202 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 148 149 167 142 145 143 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,061 1,089 1,080 1,080 1,109 1,103 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 130 151 139 139 128 130 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Retail trade............................... 724 728 724 721 759 742 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 207 210 216 220 222 231 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9

Information.................................. 77 79 82 84 84 91 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3

Financial activities......................... 223 223 227 183 194 196 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 146 152 153 115 127 123 2.3 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 77 71 73 68 68 73 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,141 1,160 1,150 1,178 1,143 1,201 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.7

Education and health services........... 676 709 673 662 687 735 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1

Educational services.................... 100 119 88 91 103 102 2.7 3.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 576 591 584 571 584 632 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 986 1,027 1,028 1,013 1,050 1,070 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 155 164 167 161 171 158 6.7 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.3 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 831 863 861 852 879 911 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.5

Other services.............................. 240 204 170 219 223 245 4.2 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.8 4.2

Government................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Federal...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

State and local............................. 303 301 296 297 308 314 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 147 147 145 146 155 149 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 156 154 151 151 153 165 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 960 817 802 786 806 818 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

South........................................... 2,151 2,266 2,138 2,182 2,229 2,314 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,170 1,203 1,238 1,218 1,224 1,322 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.0

West............................................ 1,204 1,288 1,333 1,299 1,322 1,299 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

-Data not available
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total............................................... 5,266 5,319 5,173 5,322 5,424 5,468 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,916 4,989 4,844 4,986 5,085 5,147 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 29 31 32 34 34 34 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.6

Construction................................ 351 337 305 352 318 345 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.9 4.4 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 325 343 350 342 343 333 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6

Durable goods........................... 174 195 192 198 198 184 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 152 148 159 145 145 148 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,055 1,061 1,010 1,067 1,104 1,076 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 123 149 135 131 136 122 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1

Retail trade............................... 741 714 672 732 757 729 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 192 198 202 205 211 225 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8

Information.................................. 82 93 84 75 85 90 2.9 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.3

Financial activities......................... 212 212 199 171 198 198 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 133 147 148 106 122 121 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 79 65 51 64 76 77 3.6 2.9 2.3 2.9 3.4 3.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,082 1,074 1,081 1,163 1,114 1,163 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.6

Education and health services........... 629 656 644 615 641 675 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.9

Educational services.................... 87 89 96 91 91 98 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 541 566 548 525 549 578 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 961 988 984 973 1,050 1,035 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.5 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 146 157 157 145 176 137 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.2 7.5 5.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 815 831 827 828 874 898 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.4

Other services.............................. 189 195 155 194 199 198 3.3 3.3 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.4

Government................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Federal...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

State and local............................. 317 298 288 296 304 291 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 144 156 142 149 160 143 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 173 141 147 147 144 148 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 815 813 758 773 802 799 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9

South........................................... 2,230 2,186 2,123 2,166 2,194 2,237 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,086 1,116 1,045 1,125 1,144 1,204 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7

West............................................ 1,135 1,204 1,248 1,258 1,285 1,228 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

-Data not available
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total............................................... 3,227 3,191 3,208 3,387 3,349 3,561 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,047 3,023 3,045 3,217 3,166 3,370 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.7

Mining and logging......................... 14 19 21 21 22 24 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.3

Construction................................ 149 156 150 149 154 163 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 202 214 215 211 204 194 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5

Durable goods........................... 106 117 122 126 116 111 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 96 97 93 85 88 83 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 684 643 626 667 688 755 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7

Wholesale trade......................... 74 88 86 84 84 83 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Retail trade............................... 502 452 424 461 486 532 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 108 102 116 122 119 139 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.4

Information.................................. 34 50 49 43 48 59 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.1

Financial activities......................... 130 118 118 101 97 113 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3

Finance and insurance................. 79 76 83 62 45 66 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 51 43 35 39 52 47 2.3 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 605 641 690 715 671 682 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3

Education and health services........... 423 400 406 433 433 492 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1

Educational services.................... 43 45 48 46 52 56 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 380 355 358 387 381 436 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 688 672 694 731 724 749 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 58 79 67 92 70 75 2.5 3.4 2.9 3.9 3.0 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 630 593 627 639 653 674 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

Other services3

............................. 117 111 76 145 125 138 2.0 1.9 1.3 2.5 2.1 2.4

Government................................... 180 168 163 171 184 191 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9

Federal...................................... 14 13 14 15 16 14 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local............................. 166 155 149 156 168 177 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

State and local education.............. 81 80 78 79 90 94 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 85 75 71 77 78 83 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 462 431 422 438 460 465 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7

South........................................... 1,333 1,330 1,376 1,419 1,385 1,521 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8

Midwest........................................ 677 687 647 718 717 757 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3

West............................................ 756 743 764 813 786 818 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total............................................... 1,689 1,784 1,620 1,547 1,731 1,588 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,580 1,677 1,516 1,448 1,640 1,509 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging3....................... 12 12 9 11 11 8 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.1

Construction................................ 189 173 149 180 156 163 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 104 101 114 110 118 117 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 59 62 58 60 69 60 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 45 40 57 50 49 56 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 284 329 306 302 343 247 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9

Wholesale trade3

........................ 41 49 41 32 43 25 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4

Retail trade............................... 174 196 193 199 220 145 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 69 84 73 71 80 77 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3

Information.................................. 36 31 26 27 29 24 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9

Financial activities......................... 49 68 52 41 72 75 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9

Finance and insurance................. 24 47 37 23 50 47 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 25 21 15 19 22 28 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 426 405 344 376 386 411 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

Education and health services........... 170 189 183 143 165 144 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6

Educational services.................... 37 39 40 37 33 35 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 133 150 143 106 132 109 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 241 295 270 224 303 268 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 85 76 87 49 102 58 3.7 3.2 3.7 2.1 4.3 2.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 156 219 183 174 201 210 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

Other services.............................. 69 75 63 34 59 52 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.9

Government................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Federal...................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

State and local............................. 97 94 90 87 85 71 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local education.............. 39 54 40 45 46 31 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 58 41 50 42 39 41 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 293 334 280 268 263 275 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

South........................................... 770 733 620 604 680 608 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1

Midwest........................................ 326 355 334 326 366 379 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2

West............................................ 300 361 385 350 422 325 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

-Data not available
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total............................................... 350 344 346 387 344 320 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 289 289 283 322 279 268 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 3 1 1 2 1 1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Construction3

............................... 13 8 7 22 8 19 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 19 28 21 21 21 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 10 16 12 13 13 13 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 10 12 8 9 8 10 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 88 90 77 98 73 74 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 8 12 8 14 10 14 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 66 66 56 72 52 51 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 15 12 13 12 12 9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information3................................. 11 11 9 4 8 7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3

Financial activities......................... 33 26 30 29 29 9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 30 24 28 21 27 8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 3 2 2 7 2 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 51 29 47 72 57 69 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 36 66 55 39 43 39 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3

................... 7 5 8 7 6 7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 29 61 47 32 36 32 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 31 21 20 19 24 18 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 2 3 4 4 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 28 19 17 15 20 14 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other services3............................. 3 9 16 16 15 8 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1

Government................................... 61 56 63 66 65 52 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Federal...................................... 7 7 14 13 13 9 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3

State and local............................. 54 49 49 53 52 42 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education.............. 24 23 24 25 25 18 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 30 26 25 28 28 24 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 60 48 56 67 78 59 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 127 123 127 144 128 108 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 83 74 64 81 60 67 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 79 100 99 95 77 86 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,696 7,354 6,671 3.7 4.7 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,184 6,781 6,071 4.0 5.1 4.6

Mining and logging............................................... 21 27 37 3.0 3.6 4.8

Construction....................................................... 183 243 243 2.6 3.3 3.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 354 452 441 2.8 3.5 3.4

Durable goods.................................................. 202 281 272 2.6 3.4 3.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 152 171 169 3.1 3.5 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 997 1,317 1,311 3.5 4.6 4.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 194 214 208 3.2 3.5 3.4

Retail trade..................................................... 644 791 790 3.9 4.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 159 313 314 2.7 5.1 5.1

Information........................................................ 100 188 128 3.5 6.4 4.4

Financial activities................................................ 334 381 317 3.8 4.3 3.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 254 283 228 3.9 4.3 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 80 98 88 3.5 4.3 3.8

Professional and business services............................ 997 1,374 1,221 4.7 6.2 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 1,053 1,421 1,168 4.3 5.7 4.7

Educational services.......................................... 101 114 106 2.6 2.8 2.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 952 1,307 1,062 4.7 6.2 5.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 879 1,139 969 5.1 6.6 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 73 160 104 3.0 6.6 4.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 806 979 865 5.5 6.6 5.8

Other services.................................................... 267 239 235 4.4 3.9 3.8

Government.......................................................... 512 573 601 2.2 2.5 2.6

Federal............................................................. 106 82 94 3.6 2.9 3.3

State and local.................................................... 406 491 507 2.0 2.4 2.5

State and local education..................................... 142 171 170 1.3 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 264 320 337 2.8 3.4 3.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,033 1,276 1,082 3.7 4.5 3.8

South................................................................. 2,079 2,643 2,448 3.7 4.7 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,320 1,712 1,657 3.9 5.0 4.8

West.................................................................. 1,264 1,723 1,484 3.6 4.8 4.1

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total..................................................................... 6,099 5,961 6,449 4.2 4.0 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,737 5,694 6,086 4.6 4.5 4.8

Mining and logging............................................... 39 43 45 5.7 6.0 6.2

Construction....................................................... 473 479 499 6.8 6.8 6.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 372 377 386 3.0 3.0 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 212 227 230 2.7 2.9 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 160 150 155 3.4 3.2 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,124 1,106 1,178 4.1 4.0 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 134 139 133 2.3 2.3 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 795 766 821 5.0 4.9 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 194 201 224 3.4 3.5 3.8

Information........................................................ 77 84 95 2.7 3.0 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 247 211 220 2.9 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 161 126 137 2.6 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 86 85 82 4.0 3.9 3.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,198 1,258 1,267 5.9 6.0 6.1

Education and health services.................................. 653 664 721 2.8 2.8 3.1

Educational services.......................................... 77 72 82 2.1 1.9 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 576 591 639 3.0 3.0 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,256 1,231 1,361 7.7 7.6 8.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 261 244 259 10.8 10.7 10.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 995 987 1,102 7.2 7.1 7.8

Other services.................................................... 300 241 314 5.2 4.1 5.3

Government.......................................................... – – – – – –

Federal............................................................. – – – – – –

State and local.................................................... 318 233 334 1.6 1.2 1.7

State and local education..................................... 93 82 93 0.9 0.8 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 225 151 241 2.5 1.7 2.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,091 889 951 4.0 3.3 3.5

South................................................................. 2,307 2,339 2,494 4.3 4.3 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,403 1,333 1,602 4.3 4.1 4.9

West.................................................................. 1,299 1,399 1,402 3.8 4.1 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

-Data not available
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,257 5,227 5,525 3.6 3.5 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,857 4,985 5,149 3.9 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 29 34 36 4.4 4.7 4.9

Construction....................................................... 326 312 327 4.7 4.4 4.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 327 346 328 2.6 2.7 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 173 199 181 2.2 2.5 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 154 148 147 3.3 3.1 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,024 1,064 1,048 3.7 3.9 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 116 142 112 2.0 2.4 1.9

Retail trade..................................................... 742 728 738 4.7 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 165 194 198 2.9 3.4 3.4

Information........................................................ 79 86 87 2.8 3.1 3.1

Financial activities................................................ 212 214 193 2.5 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 137 136 121 2.2 2.2 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 75 78 72 3.5 3.5 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,096 1,115 1,195 5.4 5.4 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 658 614 716 2.8 2.6 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 107 70 120 2.9 1.8 3.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 552 544 595 2.8 2.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 922 1,011 1,030 5.7 6.3 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 110 170 110 4.6 7.5 4.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 812 841 920 5.8 6.1 6.5

Other services.................................................... 184 188 191 3.2 3.2 3.2

Government.......................................................... – – – – – –

Federal............................................................. – – – – – –

State and local.................................................... 370 211 350 1.9 1.1 1.8

State and local education..................................... 219 92 214 2.0 0.8 2.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 151 119 136 1.7 1.3 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 733 763 736 2.7 2.8 2.7

South................................................................. 2,301 2,160 2,352 4.3 4.0 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,085 1,053 1,220 3.3 3.2 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,138 1,252 1,218 3.4 3.7 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

-Data not available
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total..................................................................... 3,284 3,309 3,671 2.2 2.2 2.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,077 3,164 3,439 2.5 2.5 2.7

Mining and logging............................................... 14 22 26 2.2 3.1 3.6

Construction....................................................... 159 163 175 2.3 2.3 2.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 215 215 199 1.7 1.7 1.6

Durable goods.................................................. 112 124 114 1.4 1.6 1.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 104 91 85 2.2 1.9 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 679 697 758 2.5 2.5 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 70 88 78 1.2 1.5 1.3

Retail trade..................................................... 514 485 553 3.3 3.1 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 95 124 128 1.7 2.1 2.2

Information........................................................ 31 47 57 1.1 1.7 2.1

Financial activities................................................ 134 99 119 1.6 1.2 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 83 47 71 1.3 0.8 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 51 52 47 2.3 2.3 2.1

Professional and business services............................ 607 654 680 3.0 3.1 3.3

Education and health services.................................. 431 428 514 1.9 1.8 2.2

Educational services.......................................... 44 43 59 1.2 1.1 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 386 385 454 2.0 1.9 2.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 688 715 774 4.2 4.4 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 55 62 72 2.3 2.7 3.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 634 653 702 4.6 4.7 5.0

Other services.................................................... 117 125 138 2.0 2.1 2.3

Government.......................................................... 207 145 232 0.9 0.6 1.0

Federal............................................................. 14 15 13 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 193 130 219 1.0 0.7 1.1

State and local education..................................... 106 56 130 1.0 0.5 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 87 73 89 1.0 0.8 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 447 452 458 1.7 1.7 1.7

South................................................................. 1,358 1,385 1,578 2.5 2.6 2.9

Midwest............................................................... 706 688 796 2.2 2.1 2.4

West.................................................................. 773 784 839 2.3 2.3 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total..................................................................... 1,602 1,591 1,524 1.1 1.1 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,483 1,543 1,438 1.2 1.2 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 12 11 8 1.8 1.5 1.2

Construction....................................................... 153 141 133 2.2 2.0 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 92 110 107 0.7 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 52 61 54 0.7 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 40 49 53 0.9 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 245 295 208 0.9 1.1 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 41 43 25 0.7 0.7 0.4

Retail trade..................................................... 148 195 122 0.9 1.2 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 55 58 61 1.0 1.0 1.0

Information........................................................ 36 32 22 1.3 1.1 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 41 80 64 0.5 0.9 0.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 20 57 41 0.3 0.9 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 21 24 23 1.0 1.1 1.0

Professional and business services............................ 445 409 449 2.2 2.0 2.1

Education and health services.................................. 192 144 163 0.8 0.6 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 55 21 54 1.5 0.5 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 137 123 109 0.7 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 203 272 238 1.2 1.7 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 53 104 33 2.2 4.6 1.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 150 169 205 1.1 1.2 1.4

Other services.................................................... 64 48 45 1.1 0.8 0.8

Government.......................................................... – – – – – –

Federal............................................................. – – – – – –

State and local.................................................... 111 43 82 0.6 0.2 0.4

State and local education..................................... 74 22 57 0.7 0.2 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 37 22 25 0.4 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 232 231 227 0.9 0.8 0.8

South................................................................. 802 655 657 1.5 1.2 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 283 311 345 0.9 0.9 1.0

West.................................................................. 286 393 296 0.8 1.2 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

-Data not available
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

May

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

Total..................................................................... 371 327 330 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 298 277 272 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 3 1 1 0.5 0.1 0.1

Construction....................................................... 13 8 19 0.2 0.1 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 19 21 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 10 13 13 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 10 8 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 101 72 82 0.4 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 5 11 9 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 81 48 63 0.5 0.3 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 12 9 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 11 8 7 0.4 0.3 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 37 34 10 0.4 0.4 0.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 33 32 8 0.5 0.5 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 3 2 1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 43 52 65 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 36 43 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 7 6 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 29 36 32 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 31 24 18 0.2 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 4 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 28 20 14 0.2 0.1 0.1

Other services.................................................... 3 15 8 0.1 0.3 0.1

Government.......................................................... 73 50 58 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal............................................................. 7 12 10 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local.................................................... 66 38 49 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 39 14 27 0.4 0.1 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 24 21 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 54 79 51 0.2 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 142 120 117 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 96 54 79 0.3 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 79 74 83 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.