For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 24, 2011 USDL-11-0921 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS—2010 

The proportion of the population employed in 2010—the employment-population ratio—was 18.6 

percent among those with a disability, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The 

employment-population ratio for persons without a disability was 63.5 percent. The ratios in 2010 for 

both persons with and without a disability were lower than those recorded in 2009. The unemployment 

rate of persons with a disability was 14.8 percent in 2010, higher than the rate for those with no 

disability, which was 9.4 percent. 

The data on persons with a disability are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a 

monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on employment and 

unemployment in the United States. The collection of data on persons with a disability is sponsored by 

the Department of Labor's Office of Disability Employment Policy. For more information, see the 

Technical Note. 

Highlights from the 2010 data are: 

 Persons with a disability were over three times as likely as those with no disability to be age 65 

or over. (See table 1.) 

 For each age group, the employment-population ratio was much lower for persons with a 

disability than for those with no disability. (See table 1.) 

 The unemployment rate for persons with a disability was about the same in 2010 as in 2009. 

The rate for persons without a disability increased over the year. (See table A.) 

 Nearly one-third of workers with a disability were employed part time, compared with about 

one-fifth of those with no disability. (See table 2.) 

 Persons with a disability were more likely to be self-employed than those with no disability. 

(See table 4.) 

Demographic characteristics 

Persons with a disability tend to be older than persons with no disability, reflecting the increased 

incidence of disability with age. In 2010, 45 percent of persons with a disability were age 65 and over, 
- 2 - 

compared with 13 percent of those with no disability. Women were somewhat more likely to have a 

disability than men, partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. Among the major race and 

ethnicity groups, the prevalence of a disability was higher for blacks and whites than for Asians and 

Hispanics. (See table 1.) 

Employment 

In 2010, the employment-population ratio was 18.6 percent for persons with a disability. Among those 

with no disability, the ratio was much higher at 63.5 percent. The lower ratio among persons with a 

disability is due, in part, to the fact that a large share of the population of persons with a disability was 

age 65 and older, and older workers, in general, are less likely to be employed. However, among each 

age group, persons with a disability were much less likely to be employed than those with no disability. 

(See table 1.) 

In 2010, employment-population ratios for both persons with and without a disability were lower than in 

2009. For both groups, the decline was largest among those age 16 to 64. (See table A.) 

Persons with a disability who had completed higher levels of education were more likely to be employed 

in 2010 than those with less education. However, at each level of education, persons with a disability 

were much less likely to be employed than were their counterparts with no disability. (Because many 

people age 16 to 24 are still completing their education, data on educational attainment are shown for 

those age 25 and over.) (See table 1.) 

Workers with a disability were more likely than those with no disability to work part time. Among 

workers with a disability, 32 percent usually worked part time in 2010, compared with 19 percent of 

workers without a disability. A slightly larger proportion of workers with a disability worked part time 

for economic reasons than those with no disability (8 and 6 percent, respectively). These individuals 

were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a fulltime job. (See table 2.) 

Workers with a disability were slightly more likely than those with no disability to work in production, 

transportation, and material moving occupations (15 percent compared with 12 percent). Those with a 

disability were less likely to work in management, professional, and related occupations (31 percent 

compared with 37 percent). (See table 3.) 

In 2010, 15 percent of workers with a disability were employed in federal, state, and local government, 

the same percentage as those with no disability. Seventy-four percent of workers with a disability were 

employed as private wage and salary workers, compared with 78 percent of those with no disability. A 

larger proportion of workers with a disability were self-employed than were those with no disability (11 

and 7 percent, respectively). (See table 4.) 

Unemployment 

The unemployment rate for persons with a disability was 14.8 percent in 2010, well above the figure of 

9.4 percent for those with no disability. (Unemployed persons are those who did not have a job, were 

available for work, and were actively looking for a job in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.) Compared 

with 2009, the unemployment rate for persons with a disability was about the same in 2010, while the 

rate for persons without a disability increased. (See tables A and 1.) 
- 3 - 

Among persons with a disability, the jobless rate for men (15.2 percent) was slightly higher in 2010 than 

the rate for women (14.3 percent). As is the case among those without a disability, the unemployment 

rates in 2010 for those with a disability were higher among blacks (22.0 percent) and Hispanics (18.4 

percent) than among whites (13.6 percent) and Asians (12.0 percent). (See table 1.) 

Not in the labor force 

Persons who are neither employed nor unemployed are referred to as not in the labor force. As was the 

case in 2009, a large proportion of those with a disability (about 8 in 10) were not in the labor force in 

2010, compared with about 3 in 10 of those with no disability. In part, this reflects the fact that many of 

those with a disability are age 65 and over. However, for each age group, persons with a disability were 

more likely than those with no disability to be out of the labor force. (See table 1.) 

For persons with and without a disability, the vast majority of those not in the labor force reported that 

they do not want a job. Among those who do want a job, a subset is classified as marginally attached to 

the labor force. These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and 

had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because 

they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among persons not in the labor 

force, 1 percent of those with a disability were marginally attached to the labor force in 2010, compared 

with 4 percent of those with no disability. (Persons marginally attached to the labor force include 

discouraged workers.) (See table 5.) 
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and age, 2009 and

2010 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2009 2010

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 26,981 14,845 12,136 26,592 14,730 11,862

Civilian labor force................................................... 6,050 5,220 830 5,795 4,995 800

Participation rate................................................... 22.4 35.2 6.8 21.8 33.9 6.7

Employed........................................................... 5,174 4,406 768 4,939 4,210 729

Employment-population ratio.................................. 19.2 29.7 6.3 18.6 28.6 6.1

Unemployed........................................................ 876 814 61 857 786 71

Unemployment rate............................................. 14.5 15.6 7.4 14.8 15.7 8.9

Not in labor force..................................................... 20,931 9,625 11,306 20,797 9,735 11,062

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 208,820 182,958 25,862 211,238 184,394 26,844

Civilian labor force................................................... 148,092 142,388 5,705 148,094 142,176 5,918

Participation rate................................................... 70.9 77.8 22.1 70.1 77.1 22.0

Employed........................................................... 134,703 129,358 5,345 134,125 128,586 5,539

Employment-population ratio.................................. 64.5 70.7 20.7 63.5 69.7 20.6

Unemployed........................................................ 13,389 13,029 359 13,968 13,590 378

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.0 9.2 6.3 9.4 9.6 6.4

Not in labor force..................................................... 60,728 40,570 20,158 63,144 42,218 20,926

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Technical Note 

The estimates in this release are based on annual 

average data obtained from the Current Population Survey 

(CPS). The CPS is a monthly survey of about 60,000 

households that is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Questions were added to the CPS in June 2008 to 

identify persons with a disability in the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 16 and older. The addition of 

these questions allowed the BLS to begin releasing monthly 

labor force data from the CPS for persons with a disability. 

The collection of these data is sponsored by the Department 

of Labor's Office of Disability Employment Policy. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than 

the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the 

sample estimates may differ from the "true" population 

values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 

error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, 

and this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by 

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence 

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including 

the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, 

inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data. 

A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS 

and information on estimating standard errors is available 

online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. 

CPS estimates are controlled to population totals that 

are available by age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity. These 

controls are developed by the Census Bureau and are based 

on complete population counts obtained in the decennial 

census. In the years between decennial censuses, they 

incorporate the latest information about population change 

(births, deaths, and net international migration). As part of 

its annual update of population estimates, the Census Bureau 

introduces adjustments to the total population controls. The 

estimated effect of the new controls on CPS data for 2010 

(based on a comparison of December 2009 data on the old 

and new controls) was to decrease the total employment 

level by 243,000. The number of employed persons with a 

disability was lower by 8,000 and the number with no 

disability was lower by 235,000; these effects reflect an 

indirect adjustment related to changes in population size 

and composition by age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity. 

The updated controls had a negligible impact on 

unemployment rates and other ratios. (The estimates of the 

population of persons with a disability are not controlled to 

independent population totals of persons with a disability 

because such data are not currently available. Without 

independent population totals, sample-based estimates are 

more apt to vary from one time period to the next.) 

Additional information is available on the BLS Web site at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Disability questions and concepts 

The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify persons 

with disabilities. In the CPS, persons are classified as 

having a disability if there is a response of "yes" to any of 

these questions. The disability questions appear in the CPS 

in the following format: 

This month we want to learn about people who have 

physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause serious 

difficulty with their daily activities. Please answer for 

household members who are 15 years and older. 

 Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious 

difficulty hearing? 

 Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious 

difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? 

 Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have serious difficulty 

concentrating, remembering, or making decisions? 

 Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or 

climbing stairs? 

 Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing? 

 Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have difficulty doing 

errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or 

shopping? 

The CPS questions for identifying individuals with 

disabilities are only asked of household members who are 

age 15 and older. Each of the questions ask the respondent 

whether anyone in the household has the condition 

described, and if the respondent replies "yes," they are then 

asked to identify everyone in the household who has the 

condition. Labor force measures from the CPS are 

tabulated for persons age 16 and older. More information 

on the disability questions and the limitations of the CPS 

disability data is available on the BLS Web site at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm. 

 

 
Other definitions 

Other definitions used in this release are described 

briefly below. Additional information on the concepts and 

methodology of the CPS is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Employed persons are all those who, during the survey 

reference week (which is generally the week including the 

12th day of the month), (a) did any work at all as paid 

employees; (b) worked in their own business, profession, or 

on their own farm; (c) worked 15 hours or more as unpaid 

workers in a family-operated enterprise; or (d) were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 

vacation, labor dispute, or another reason. 

Unemployed persons are all persons who had no 

employment during the reference week, were available for 

work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific 

efforts to find employment sometime during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey. Persons who were waiting to be 

recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not 

have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. 

Civilian labor force comprises all persons classified as 

employed or unemployed. 

Unemployment rate represents the number of 

unemployed persons as a percent of the civilian labor force. 

Not in the labor force includes all persons who are 

not classified as employed or unemployed. Information is 

collected on their desire for and availability to take a job at 

the time of the CPS interview, job search activity in the 

prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period 

prior to the survey week. This group includes individuals 

marginally attached to the labor force, defined as persons 

not in the labor force who want and are available for a job 

and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 

months (or since the end of their last job if they held one 

within the past 12 months). They are not counted as

unemployed because they had not actively searched for 

work in the prior 4 weeks. Within the marginally attached 

group are discouraged workers—persons who are not 

currently looking for work because they believe there are 

no jobs available or there are none for which they would 

qualify. The other persons marginally attached to the 

labor force group includes persons who want a job but had 

not looked for work in the past 4 weeks for reasons such as 

family responsibilities or transportation problems.

At work part time for economic reasons, a measure 

sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, refers to 

individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 

34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons 

include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, 

inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in 

demand. Those who usually work part time must also 

indicate that they want and are available for full-time 

work.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the 

employed relate to the job held in the survey reference 

week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the 

job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. 

Persons are classified using the 2002 Census occupational 

and 2007 Census industry classification systems. The 

class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the 

following categories: Private and government wage and 

salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family 

workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, 

commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer 

or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are 

those who work for profit or fees in their own business, 

profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated selfemployed are included in the self-employed category. Selfemployed persons who respond that their businesses are 

incorporated are included among wage and salary workers.
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected

characteristics, 2010 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Participation

rate

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Rate

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237,830 153,889 64.7 139,064 58.5 14,825 9.6 83,941

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,174 81,985 71.2 73,359 63.7 8,626 10.5 33,189

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,656 71,904 58.6 65,705 53.6 6,199 8.6 50,752

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,592 5,795 21.8 4,939 18.6 857 14.8 20,797

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,147 3,142 25.9 2,665 21.9 477 15.2 9,005

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,445 2,653 18.4 2,274 15.7 379 14.3 11,792

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,730 4,995 33.9 4,210 28.6 786 15.7 9,735

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 134 22.7 87 14.6 48 35.6 458

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 350 45.1 265 34.1 86 24.4 427

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,534 682 44.5 535 34.9 147 21.5 852

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148 826 38.4 699 32.6 126 15.3 1,322

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,217 1,477 35.0 1,267 30.0 210 14.2 2,740

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,462 1,526 27.9 1,356 24.8 169 11.1 3,936

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,862 800 6.7 729 6.1 71 8.9 11,062

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,787 4,870 22.4 4,206 19.3 664 13.6 16,917

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,340 591 17.7 460 13.8 130 22.0 2,750

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 113 18.2 100 16.0 14 12.0 509

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,572 599 23.3 488 19.0 110 18.4 1,973

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,222 5,311 21.1 4,587 18.2 723 13.6 19,912

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,102 627 10.3 517 8.5 110 17.6 5,474

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,249 1,750 18.9 1,493 16.1 257 14.7 7,499

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,059 1,666 27.5 1,421 23.5 245 14.7 4,393

Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,813 1,268 33.3 1,157 30.3 111 8.7 2,545

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211,238 148,094 70.1 134,125 63.5 13,968 9.4 63,144

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,027 78,842 76.5 70,694 68.6 8,148 10.3 24,184

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,211 69,251 64.0 63,431 58.6 5,820 8.4 38,960

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184,394 142,176 77.1 128,586 69.7 13,590 9.6 42,218

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,308 5,771 35.4 4,292 26.3 1,480 25.6 10,537

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,270 14,678 72.4 12,435 61.3 2,244 15.3 5,592

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,369 32,932 83.6 29,693 75.4 3,239 9.8 6,437

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,942 32,540 85.8 29,963 79.0 2,577 7.9 5,402

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,080 34,483 86.0 31,924 79.6 2,560 7.4 5,597

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,424 21,771 71.6 20,280 66.7 1,491 6.8 8,653

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,844 5,918 22.0 5,539 20.6 378 6.4 20,926

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170,288 120,214 70.6 109,962 64.6 10,252 8.5 50,074

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,368 17,272 68.1 14,550 57.4 2,722 15.8 8,096

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,577 7,135 67.5 6,605 62.5 530 7.4 3,442

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,141 22,150 71.1 19,418 62.4 2,732 12.3 8,991

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,659 127,644 73.1 117,399 67.2 10,245 8.0 47,015

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,564 11,252 57.5 9,598 49.1 1,655 14.7 8,312

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,788 36,487 69.1 32,800 62.1 3,686 10.1 16,301

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,163 35,175 76.2 32,326 70.0 2,848 8.1 10,988

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,144 44,731 79.7 42,675 76.0 2,056 4.6 11,414

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employed full- and part-time workers by disability status and age, 2010 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Disability status and age

Employed At work

part time for

economic

reasons1

Total

Usually

work

full time

Usually

work

part time

TOTAL

16 years and over......................................................................... 139,064 111,714 27,350 8,874

16 to 64 years........................................................................... 132,796 108,104 24,692 8,626

65 years and over....................................................................... 6,268 3,611 2,658 249

Persons with a disability

16 years and over......................................................................... 4,939 3,337 1,602 400

16 to 64 years........................................................................... 4,210 2,999 1,211 369

65 years and over....................................................................... 729 338 391 31

Persons with no disability

16 years and over......................................................................... 134,125 108,378 25,748 8,474

16 to 64 years........................................................................... 128,586 105,105 23,481 8,256

65 years and over....................................................................... 5,539 3,273 2,267 218

1 Refers to persons who, whether they usually work full or part time, worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack

work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. Persons who usually work part time for an

economic reason, but worked 35 hours or more during the reference week are excluded. Also excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs for the entire reference week.

NOTE: Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
Table 3. Employed persons by disability status, occupation, and sex, 2010 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)........................................ 4,939 2,665 2,274 134,125 70,694 63,431

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed.......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 31.4 29.5 33.5 37.4 34.3 40.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 13.6 15.7 11.2 15.1 16.3 13.8

Management occupations...................................... 10.2 12.6 7.3 10.8 12.6 8.8

Business and financial operations occupations............. 3.5 3.1 3.9 4.3 3.7 5.0

Professional and related occupations........................... 17.7 13.9 22.3 22.3 18.0 27.1

Computer and mathematical occupations................... 1.9 2.5 1.1 2.6 3.6 1.4

Architecture and engineering occupations................... 1.5 2.3 0.5 1.9 3.1 0.5

Life, physical, and social science occupations.............. 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0

Community and social services occupations................ 1.9 1.5 2.3 1.7 1.1 2.3

Legal occupations............................................... 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3

Education, training, and library occupations................. 5.3 2.6 8.4 6.2 3.1 9.7

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations................................................... 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations.......... 3.6 1.7 5.7 5.7 2.8 8.9

Service occupations.................................................. 19.4 16.1 23.3 17.7 14.5 21.2

Healthcare support occupations................................. 2.3 0.5 4.5 2.4 0.5 4.5

Protective service occupations................................... 2.0 2.9 0.9 2.4 3.6 1.1

Food preparation and serving related occupations............ 5.4 4.4 6.5 5.5 4.7 6.4

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations...................................................... 5.4 6.6 4.1 3.8 4.2 3.3

Personal care and service occupations......................... 4.3 1.8 7.3 3.6 1.5 5.9

Sales and office occupations....................................... 25.1 16.9 34.8 24.0 16.9 31.9

Sales and related occupations................................... 11.1 9.8 12.7 11.1 10.5 11.7

Office and administrative support occupations................. 14.0 7.1 22.1 12.9 6.4 20.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 9.6 17.0 0.9 9.4 17.0 0.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 5.0 9.0 0.2 5.2 9.5 0.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 3.8 6.7 0.4 3.5 6.4 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations... 14.5 20.5 7.5 11.5 17.3 5.1

Production occupations........................................... 7.4 9.8 4.6 5.7 7.8 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 7.1 10.7 2.9 5.8 9.4 1.8
Table 4. Employed persons by disability status, industry, class of worker, and sex, 2010 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry and class of worker

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)........................................ 4,939 2,665 2,274 134,125 70,694 63,431

Industry as a percent of total employed

Total employed.......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.................................. 2.8 4.2 1.1 1.5 2.2 0.8

Nonagricultural industries........................................... 97.2 95.8 98.9 98.5 97.8 99.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................. 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.2

Construction........................................................ 6.2 10.4 1.2 6.5 11.3 1.2

Manufacturing...................................................... 10.0 13.5 6.0 10.1 13.8 6.0

Wholesale trade.................................................... 2.7 3.5 1.7 2.7 3.7 1.7

Retail trade......................................................... 13.3 12.4 14.4 11.4 10.9 11.9

Transportation and utilities....................................... 5.0 7.1 2.6 5.1 7.5 2.5

Information.......................................................... 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.6 2.0

Financial activities................................................. 6.0 5.0 7.2 6.8 5.9 7.8

Professional and business services............................. 10.2 11.5 8.7 11.0 12.2 9.6

Education and health services................................... 21.8 11.3 34.1 23.1 11.0 36.6

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 9.0 8.1 10.0 9.0 8.3 9.8

Other services...................................................... 5.8 5.3 6.2 4.8 4.4 5.3

Public administration.............................................. 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.8

Class of worker as a percent of total employed

Total employed1

........................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wage and salary workers2

......................................... 89.1 86.8 91.8 93.1 91.8 94.5

Private industries.................................................. 73.9 73.6 74.2 78.0 79.5 76.3

Government........................................................ 15.2 13.2 17.6 15.1 12.4 18.2

Federal........................................................... 3.2 3.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.4

State.............................................................. 4.9 3.7 6.3 4.5 3.5 5.7

Local.............................................................. 7.1 5.8 8.7 8.0 6.0 10.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated........................... 10.7 13.0 8.0 6.8 8.1 5.4

1 Includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Table 5. Persons not in the labor force by disability status, age, and sex, 2010 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total,

16 years and

over

16 to 64 years Total,

65 years and

Total Men Women over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force..................................................... 20,797 9,735 4,609 5,126 11,062

Persons who currently want a job.......................................... 570 429 209 220 141

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 209 178 95 83 31

Discouraged workers2

.................................................. 106 85 52 33 21

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3

............ 104 93 44 49 10

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force..................................................... 63,144 42,218 15,512 26,705 20,926

Persons who currently want a job.......................................... 5,489 5,015 2,375 2,640 474

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 2,278 2,141 1,148 993 137

Discouraged workers2

.................................................. 1,067 986 618 368 81

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3

............ 1,211 1,155 530 625 56

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.