For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, February 24, 2021 USDL-21-0316

Technical information: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS — 2020

In 2020, 17.9 percent of persons with a disability were employed, down from 19.3 percent in 

2019, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. For persons without a disability, 61.8 

percent were employed in 2020, down from 66.3 percent in the prior year. The unemployment 

rates for persons with and without a disability both increased from 2019 to 2020, to 12.6 percent

and 7.9 percent, respectively. Data on both groups for 2020 reflect the impact of the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it.

Data on persons with a disability are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a 

monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on employment and 

unemployment in the United States. Collection of data on persons with a disability is sponsored 

by the Department of Labor’s Office of Disability Employment Policy. For more information, 

see the Technical Note in this news release.

Highlights from the 2020 data:

• Half of all persons with a disability were age 65 and over, about three times larger than the 

share for those with no disability. (See table 1.)

• Across all age groups, persons with disabilities were much less likely to be employed than 

those with no disabilities. (See table 1.)

• Across all educational attainment groups, unemployment rates for persons with a disability 

were higher than those for persons without a disability. (See table 1.)

• In 2020, 29 percent of workers with a disability were employed part time, compared with 16

percent for those with no disability. (See table 2.)

• Employed persons with a disability were more likely to be self-employed than those with no 

disability. (See table 4.)

Demographic characteristics

Persons with a disability tend to be older than persons with no disability, reflecting the increased 

incidence of disability with age. In 2020, half of persons with a disability were age 65 and older, 
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compared with 17 percent of those with no disability. Overall, women were somewhat more 

likely to have a disability than men, partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. In 

2020, the prevalence of disability continued to be higher for Blacks and Whites than for 

Hispanics and Asians. (See table 1.)

Employment

The employment-population ratio—that is, the percent of the population that is employed—for 

persons with a disability decreased from 19.3 percent in 2019 to 17.9 percent in 2020. The ratio 

for those without a disability, at 61.8 percent, also decreased over the year. The lower ratio 

among persons with a disability reflects, in part, the older age profile of persons with a disability; 

older workers are less likely to be employed, regardless of disability status. However, across all 

age groups, persons with a disability were much less likely to be employed than those with no 

disability. (See tables A and 1.)

Among persons ages 16 to 64, the employment-population ratios fell in 2020 for both persons

with a disability and persons without a disability, to 29.1 percent and 70.0 percent, respectively. 

The ratios for persons 65 and older with a disability (6.9 percent) and without a disability (22.2 

percent) both decreased over the year. (See table A.)

Persons with a disability are less likely to have completed a bachelor’s degree or higher than 

those with no disability. Among both groups, those who had attained higher levels of education 

were more likely to be employed than those who had attained less education. Across all levels of 

education in 2020, persons with a disability were much less likely to be employed than were 

their counterparts with no disability. (Educational attainment data are presented for those age 25 

and over.) (See table 1.)

Workers with a disability were more likely to be employed part time than those with no 

disability. Among workers with a disability, 29 percent usually worked part time in 2020, 

compared with 16 percent of those without a disability. The proportion of workers with a 

disability who worked part time for economic reasons was higher than their counterparts without 

a disability (6 percent, compared with 5 percent). These individuals were working part time 

because their hours had been reduced or because they were not able to find a full-time job. (See 

table 2.)

In 2020, persons with a disability were more likely to work in service occupations than those 

with no disability (18.0 percent, compared with 15.4 percent). Workers with a disability were

also more likely than those with no disability to work in production, transportation, and material 

moving occupations (14.9 percent, compared with 12.2 percent). Persons with a disability were 

less likely to work in management, professional, and related occupations than those without a 

disability (36.1 percent, compared with 43.3 percent). (See table 3.)

The proportion of persons employed in government was slightly higher for persons with a 

disability than for persons without a disability in 2020 (14.6 percent, compared with 13.9 

percent). A smaller share of workers with a disability were employed as private wage and salary 

workers (75.1 percent) than those without a disability (79.9 percent). In contrast, a larger share of 
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workers with a disability were self-employed in 2020 than were those with no disability (10.3 

percent versus 6.1 percent). (See table 4.)

Unemployment

The unemployment rate for persons with a disability, at 12.6 percent in 2020, increased by 5.3 

percentage points from the previous year. Their jobless rate continued to be much higher than the

rate for those without a disability. (Unemployed persons are those who did not have a job, were 

available for work, and were actively looking for a job in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.) The 

unemployment rate for persons without a disability increased by 4.4 percentage points to 7.9 

percent in 2020. (See tables A and 1.)

In 2020, the unemployment rate for men with a disability (12.0 percent) was lower than the rate 

for women with a disability (13.2 percent). The unemployment rates for both men and women

with a disability increased from 2019 to 2020. 

Among persons with a disability, the jobless rates for Hispanics (16.8 percent), Blacks (16.3 

percent), and Asians (15.7 percent) were higher than the rate for Whites (11.6 percent) in 2020.

These rates increased among all major race and ethnicity groups from 2019 to 2020. (See table 

1.)

Not in the labor force

Persons who are neither employed nor unemployed are not in the labor force. A large proportion 

of persons with a disability—about 8 in 10—were not in the labor force in 2020, compared with 

about 3 in 10 of those with no disability. In part, this reflects the older age profile of persons with 

a disability; persons ages 65 and over are much less likely to participate in the labor force than 

younger age groups. Across all age groups, however, persons with a disability were more likely 

to be out of the labor force than those with no disability. (See table 1.)

For persons with and without a disability, the vast majority of those not in the labor force

reported that they do not want a job. In 2020, 3 percent of those with a disability and 8 percent of 

those without a disability wanted a job. Among those who do want a job, a subset are classified 

as marginally attached to the labor force. These individuals wanted and were available to work, 

and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed 

because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (Persons marginally 

attached to the labor force include discouraged workers.) Less than 1 percent of persons with a 

disability and about 2 percent of persons without a disability were marginally attached to the 

labor force in 2020. (See table 5.)
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and age, 2019 and

2020 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2019 2020

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 30,392 15,231 15,161 29,918 14,826 15,092

Civilian labor force.................................................. 6,321 5,117 1,204 6,123 4,979 1,144

Participation rate.................................................. 20.8 33.6 7.9 20.5 33.6 7.6

Employed.......................................................... 5,858 4,706 1,152 5,354 4,310 1,043

Employment-population ratio................................. 19.3 30.9 7.6 17.9 29.1 6.9

Unemployed....................................................... 463 411 52 769 669 101

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.3 8.0 4.3 12.6 13.4 8.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 24,070 10,113 13,957 23,796 9,847 13,948

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 228,783 191,039 37,744 230,411 190,895 39,515

Civilian labor force.................................................. 157,218 147,758 9,460 154,620 145,151 9,469

Participation rate.................................................. 68.7 77.3 25.1 67.1 76.0 24.0

Employed.......................................................... 151,680 142,485 9,195 142,441 133,667 8,774

Employment-population ratio................................. 66.3 74.6 24.4 61.8 70.0 22.2

Unemployed....................................................... 5,537 5,273 265 12,178 11,484 694

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.5 3.6 2.8 7.9 7.9 7.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 71,566 43,282 28,284 75,791 45,744 30,047

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Technical Note

 The estimates in this release are based on annual 

average data obtained from the Current Population 

Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the 

U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible 

households that provides information on the labor 

force status, demographics, and other characteristics

of the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 

16 and over. 

Questions were added to the CPS in June 2008 to 

identify persons with a disability in the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 16 and older. The

addition of these questions allowed the BLS to begin 

releasing monthly labor force data from the CPS for 

persons with a disability. The collection of these data 

is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office of 

Disability Employment Policy.

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:

(800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, 

rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 

a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the

true population values they represent. The component 

of this difference that occurs because samples differ 

by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level 

of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the 

true population value because of sampling error. BLS 

analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness

of respondents to provide correct information, and 

errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

Additional information about the reliability of data 

from the CPS and estimating standard errors is 

available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

CPS estimates are controlled to population totals 

that are available by age, sex, race, and Hispanic 

ethnicity. These controls are developed by the Census 

Bureau and are based on complete population counts 

obtained in the decennial census. In the years between 

decennial censuses, they incorporate the latest 

information about population change (births, deaths, 

and net international migration). As part of its annual 

update of population estimates, the Census Bureau 

introduces adjustments to the total population 

controls. The updated controls typically have a 

negligible impact on unemployment rates and other 

ratios. The estimates of the population of persons with 

a disability are not controlled to independent 

population totals of persons with a disability because 

such data are not available. Without independent 

population totals, sample-based estimates are more 

apt to vary from one time period to the next. 

Information about population controls is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Disability questions and concepts

The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify 

persons with disabilities. In the CPS, persons are 

classified as having a disability if there is a response 

of "yes" to any of these questions. The disability

questions appear in the CPS in the following format:

This month we want to learn about people who have 

physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause 

serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please 

answer for household members who are 15 years and 

older.

• Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious

difficulty hearing?

• Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious

difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses?

• Because of a physical, mental, or emotional

condition, does anyone have serious

difficulty concentrating, remembering, or

making decisions?

• Does anyone have serious difficulty walking

or climbing stairs?

• Does anyone have difficulty dressing or

bathing?
• Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have difficulty doing 

errands alone such as visiting a doctor's 

office or shopping?

 The CPS questions for identifying individuals with 

disabilities are only asked of household members who 

are age 15 and older. Each of the questions ask the 

respondent whether anyone in the household has the 

condition described, and if the respondent replies 

"yes," they are then asked to identify everyone in the 

household who has the condition. Labor force 

measures from the CPS are tabulated for persons age 

16 and older. More information on the disability 

questions and the limitations of the CPS disability

data is available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm.

Other definitions

 Other definitions used in this release are described 

briefly below. Additional information on the concepts 

and methodology of the CPS is available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

 Employed. Employed persons are all those who, 

during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at 

all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own 

business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) 

worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a 

family member's business. Persons who were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 

bad weather, vacation, labor dispute, or another 

reason also are counted as employed.

 Unemployed. Unemployed persons are those who 

had no employment during the reference week, were 

available for work at that time, and had made specific 

efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-

week period ending with the reference week. Persons 

who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which 

they had been laid off need not have been looking for 

work to be classified as unemployed.

 Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force

comprises all persons classified as employed or 

unemployed.

 Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate

represents the number of unemployed persons as a 

percent of the civilian labor force.

 Not in the labor force. Persons not in the labor force

include all those who are not classified as employed 

or unemployed. Information is collected on their 

desire for and availability to take a job at the time of 

the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior 

year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period 

ending with the reference week. This group includes 

individuals marginally attached to the labor force, 

defined as persons not in the labor force who want and 

are available for a job and who have looked for work 

sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of 

their last job if they held one within the past 12 

months). They are not counted as unemployed 

because they had not actively searched for work in the 

prior 4 weeks. Within the marginally attached group 

are discouraged workers—persons who are not 

currently looking for work because they believe there 

are no jobs available or there are none for which they 

would qualify. The other persons marginally attached 

to the labor force group includes persons who want a 

job but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks 

for reasons such as family responsibilities or 

transportation problems.

 Part time for economic reasons. Persons classified 

as at work part time for economic reasons, a measure 

sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, are 

those who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 

34 hours during the reference week. Economic 

reasons include slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, and 

seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually work 

part time must also indicate that they want and are 

available for full-time work to be classified as part 

time for economic reasons.

 Occupation, industry, and class of worker. The 

occupation, industry, and class of worker 

classifications for the employed relate to the job held 

in the survey reference week. Persons with two or 

more jobs are classified in the job at which they 

worked the greatest number of hours. Persons are 

classified using the 2018 Census occupational and 

2017 Census industry classification systems. The 

class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the 

following categories: private and government wage 

and salary workers, self-employed workers, and 

unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers

receive wages, salary, commissions, tips, or pay in 

kind from a private employer or from a government 

unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for 

profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, 

or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are

included in the self-employed category. Selfemployed persons who respond that their businesses 

are incorporated are included among wage and salary 

workers. Unpaid family workers are persons working 

without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or 

in a business operated by a family member in their

household. 
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected

characteristics, 2020 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Participation

rate

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Rate

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260,329 160,742 61.7 147,795 56.8 12,947 8.1 99,587

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,922 85,204 67.7 78,560 62.4 6,644 7.8 40,718

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,407 75,538 56.2 69,234 51.5 6,304 8.3 58,869

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,918 6,123 20.5 5,354 17.9 769 12.6 23,796

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,039 3,345 23.8 2,943 21.0 402 12.0 10,694

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,879 2,778 17.5 2,410 15.2 367 13.2 13,102

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,826 4,979 33.6 4,310 29.1 669 13.4 9,847

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 174 23.6 127 17.3 46 26.7 563

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 401 44.2 316 34.9 84 21.1 505

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092 975 46.6 819 39.1 156 16.0 1,117

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,128 891 41.9 782 36.7 109 12.2 1,237

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,127 1,055 33.7 938 30.0 117 11.1 2,073

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,836 1,484 25.4 1,328 22.8 156 10.5 4,352

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,092 1,144 7.6 1,043 6.9 101 8.8 13,948

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,720 4,947 20.9 4,372 18.4 575 11.6 18,773

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,181 696 16.6 582 13.9 114 16.3 3,485

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 161 18.8 136 15.8 25 15.7 699

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,558 827 23.3 688 19.3 139 16.8 2,730

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,275 5,548 19.6 4,910 17.4 638 11.5 22,727

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,619 418 9.0 352 7.6 65 15.6 4,201

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,148 1,612 15.9 1,396 13.8 216 13.4 8,536

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,694 1,894 24.6 1,669 21.7 225 11.9 5,800

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,814 1,625 27.9 1,493 25.7 132 8.1 4,189

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,411 154,620 67.1 142,441 61.8 12,178 7.9 75,791

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,883 81,859 73.2 75,617 67.6 6,242 7.6 30,024

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,528 72,761 61.4 66,824 56.4 5,937 8.2 45,767

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,895 145,151 76.0 133,667 70.0 11,484 7.9 45,744

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,829 5,546 35.0 4,567 28.9 979 17.7 10,283

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,012 14,086 70.4 12,181 60.9 1,905 13.5 5,926

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,753 35,531 83.1 32,607 76.3 2,924 8.2 7,222

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,202 33,093 84.4 31,025 79.1 2,068 6.2 6,109

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,743 31,086 84.6 29,161 79.4 1,925 6.2 5,658

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,355 25,809 71.0 24,126 66.4 1,683 6.5 10,546

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,515 9,469 24.0 8,774 22.2 694 7.3 30,047

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177,586 119,484 67.3 110,968 62.5 8,515 7.1 58,102

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,164 19,481 66.8 17,290 59.3 2,191 11.2 9,682

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,607 10,170 65.2 9,301 59.6 869 8.5 5,437

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,625 28,143 69.3 25,264 62.2 2,879 10.2 12,482

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,569 134,987 69.4 125,693 64.6 9,294 6.9 59,582

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,281 8,512 55.7 7,536 49.3 976 11.5 6,769

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,973 33,129 63.7 30,211 58.1 2,919 8.8 18,844

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,633 34,507 69.5 31,901 64.3 2,606 7.6 15,126

Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,681 58,839 75.7 56,045 72.1 2,793 4.7 18,843

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons

whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employed full- and part-time workers by disability status and age, 2020 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Disability status and age

Employed At work

part time for

economic

reasons1

Total

Usually

work

full time

Usually

work

part time

TOTAL

16 years and over........................................................................ 147,795 123,188 24,607 7,227

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 137,977 116,871 21,106 6,806

65 years and over...................................................................... 9,818 6,317 3,501 420

Persons with a disability

16 years and over........................................................................ 5,354 3,792 1,562 339

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 4,310 3,226 1,084 296

65 years and over...................................................................... 1,043 566 478 43

Persons with no disability

16 years and over........................................................................ 142,441 119,397 23,045 6,888

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 133,667 113,645 20,022 6,510

65 years and over...................................................................... 8,774 5,751 3,023 378

1 Refers to persons who, whether they usually work full or part time, worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as

slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. Persons who usually work part time

for an economic reason, but worked 35 hours or more during the reference week are excluded. Also excludes employed persons who were absent

from their jobs for the entire reference week.

NOTE: Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work less than 35 hours per

week.
Table 3. Employed persons by disability status, occupation, and sex, 2020 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)....................................... 5,354 2,943 2,410 142,441 75,617 66,824

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 36.1 33.0 39.8 43.3 39.4 47.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 16.2 17.3 14.8 18.4 19.2 17.6

Management occupations.................................... 11.6 13.5 9.4 12.6 14.1 10.9

Business and financial operations occupations............ 4.6 3.9 5.4 5.9 5.1 6.7

Professional and related occupations.......................... 19.9 15.7 25.0 24.9 20.2 30.2

Computer and mathematical occupations.................. 3.2 4.3 1.9 3.8 5.4 2.0

Architecture and engineering occupations.................. 1.4 2.0 0.7 2.2 3.4 0.8

Life, physical, and social science occupations............. 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2

Community and social service occupations................ 2.0 1.1 3.2 1.8 1.1 2.7

Legal occupations............................................. 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.4

Education, training, and library occupations................ 5.0 2.5 8.0 6.1 3.0 9.5

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations.................................................. 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.3

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations....... 4.4 2.1 7.2 6.5 3.2 10.4

Service occupations................................................ 18.0 15.3 21.4 15.4 12.4 18.7

Healthcare support occupations................................ 4.0 1.0 7.7 3.2 0.9 5.8

Protective service occupations................................. 1.9 2.7 0.9 2.1 2.9 1.0

Food preparation and serving related occupations.......... 4.8 4.4 5.3 4.4 3.8 5.1

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations..................................................... 4.9 5.8 3.9 3.4 3.8 2.9

Personal care and service occupations....................... 2.3 1.3 3.6 2.3 1.0 3.8

Sales and office occupations...................................... 21.9 15.9 29.3 20.0 14.6 26.2

Sales and related occupations.................................. 9.9 9.2 10.7 9.6 9.2 10.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 12.1 6.7 18.6 10.5 5.4 16.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 9.1 15.4 1.3 9.0 16.1 1.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 0.9 1.4 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 4.6 8.0 0.4 5.2 9.5 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 3.6 6.0 0.6 3.1 5.6 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 14.9 20.5 8.1 12.2 17.6 6.2

Production occupations.......................................... 5.7 7.4 3.6 5.1 6.9 3.1

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9.2 13.1 4.5 7.1 10.7 3.1

NOTE: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the

2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
Table 4. Employed persons by disability status, industry, class of worker, and sex, 2020 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry and class of worker

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)....................................... 5,354 2,943 2,410 142,441 75,617 66,824

Industry as a percent of total employed

Total employed......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries................................. 2.9 4.0 1.5 1.5 2.1 0.9

Nonagricultural industries.......................................... 97.1 96.0 98.5 98.5 97.9 99.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................. 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.1

Construction....................................................... 6.8 11.2 1.5 7.3 12.3 1.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 9.1 12.2 5.5 9.9 13.1 6.2

Wholesale trade.................................................. 1.7 2.2 1.1 2.3 3.0 1.5

Retail trade........................................................ 13.0 12.3 13.8 10.5 10.5 10.5

Transportation and utilities...................................... 5.6 7.6 3.2 5.8 8.3 3.0

Information........................................................ 1.6 2.0 1.1 1.8 2.0 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 6.3 5.6 7.2 7.2 6.6 8.0

Professional and business services............................ 12.3 13.0 11.5 12.7 14.1 11.2

Education and health services.................................. 21.1 11.1 33.3 23.2 11.0 36.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 8.3 8.1 8.7 7.7 7.2 8.3

Other services.................................................... 5.3 4.8 5.9 4.5 4.0 5.1

Public administration............................................. 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.0

Class of worker as a percent of total employed

Total employed1

........................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wage and salary workers2

......................................... 89.7 88.2 91.5 93.8 93.1 94.6

Private industries................................................. 75.1 75.7 74.3 79.9 81.9 77.6

Government....................................................... 14.6 12.5 17.2 13.9 11.2 17.0

Federal.......................................................... 3.5 3.8 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.5

State............................................................. 5.2 3.9 6.7 4.7 3.5 6.0

Local............................................................. 6.0 4.8 7.4 6.7 5.0 8.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated.......................... 10.3 11.7 8.4 6.1 6.8 5.3

1

Includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Table 5. Persons not in the labor force by disability status, age, and sex, 2020 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total,

16 years and

over

16 to 64 years Total,

65 years and

Total Men Women over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force.................................................... 23,796 9,847 4,799 5,048 13,948

Persons who currently want a job......................................... 719 515 261 254 204

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 182 140 77 63 42

Discouraged workers2................................................. 46 34 23 11 12

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3............ 136 106 54 52 30

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force.................................................... 75,791 45,744 17,234 28,510 30,047

Persons who currently want a job......................................... 6,404 5,750 2,776 2,974 654

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 1,780 1,655 884 771 126

Discouraged workers2................................................. 528 488 287 201 40

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3............ 1,252 1,167 596 570 86

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.