For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, June 8, 2021 USDL-21-1017

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2021

The number of job openings reached a series high of 9.3 million on the last business day of April, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.1 million. Total 

separations increased to 5.8 million. Within separations, the quits rate reached a series high of 2.7

percent while the layoffs and discharges rate decreased to a series low of 1.0 percent. This release 

includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm 

sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of April, the job openings level and rate increased to series highs of 9.3 million

(+998,000) and 6.0 percent, respectively. The job openings series began in December 2000. Job 

openings increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in accommodation and food

services (+349,000), other services (+115,000), and durable goods manufacturing (+78,000). The 

number of job openings decreased in educational services (-23,000) and in mining and logging (-8,000). 

The number of job openings increased in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In April, the number of hires changed little at 6.1 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.2 percent.

Hires increased in accommodation and food services (+232,000) and in federal government (+10,000). 

Hires decreased in construction (-107,000), durable goods manufacturing (-37,000), and educational 

services (-32,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

 3.0

 3.4

 3.8

 4.2

 4.6

 5.0

 5.4

 5.8

 6.2

Apr-18 Oct-18 Apr-19 Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, April 2018 - April 2021

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Apr-18 Oct-18 Apr-19 Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, April 2018 - April 2021
- 2 -

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm. 

In April, the number of total separations increased to 5.8 million (+324,000). The total separations rate 

was little changed at 4.0 percent. The total separations level increased in retail trade (+116,000) and in 

transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+60,000). Total separations increased in the West region. (See 

table 3.)

In April, the quits level and rate increased to series highs of 4.0 million and 2.7 percent, respectively. 

Quits increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in retail trade (+106,000), 

professional and business services (+94,000), and transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+49,000). 

The number of quits increased in the South, Midwest, and West regions. (See table 4.) 

In April, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.4 million and 1.0 

percent, respectively. Both the number and rate reached new series lows. The number of layoffs and 

discharges decreased in finance and insurance (-24,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in 

all four regions. (See table 5.) 

The number of other separations was little changed in April at 364,000. Other separations increased in 

transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+16,000) and in durable goods manufacturing (+7,000). The 

other separations level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. 

Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 75.4 million and separations totaled 64.0 million, 

yielding a net employment gain of 11.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 

and separated more than once during the year. 

Establishment Size Class 

In April, the job openings rate increased in small establishments with 10-49 employees and large 

establishments with 250-999 employees, 1,000-4,999 employees, and 5,000 or more employees. The 

total separations rate for large establishments with 250-999 employees increased in April. The quits rate 

increased in small establishments with 10-49 employees and large establishments of 250-999 

employees. The layoffs and discharges rate decreased in large establishments with 1,000-4,999 

employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 

www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm. 
- 3 -

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for May 2021 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, July 7, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2021

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data 

Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 

percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 

respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to 

the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for 

April was 44 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent. 

More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 

information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/jobopenings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-april-2021.htm. 
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 4,630 8,288 9,286 3,942 6,006 6,075 11,782 5,436 5,760

Total private....................................... 3,996 7,446 8,374 3,718 5,646 5,728 11,255 5,100 5,422

Mining and logging............................. 9 31 23 17 31 22 68 14 19

Construction.................................... 220 334 357 201 442 335 820 358 347

Manufacturing.................................. 279 749 851 350 434 396 856 402 417

Durable goods............................... 148 393 471 201 255 218 542 229 237

Nondurable goods........................... 131 356 380 149 180 178 314 172 180

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 851 1,562 1,670 1,048 1,156 1,189 2,174 1,120 1,315

Wholesale trade............................. 159 256 320 114 148 157 314 141 160

Retail trade................................... 446 899 965 726 755 799 1,398 726 842

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 246 406 386 208 252 233 462 253 313

Information...................................... 126 102 110 37 94 96 213 89 86

Financial activities.............................. 247 346 430 166 209 209 312 198 189

Finance and insurance..................... 188 264 310 125 132 141 114 132 136

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 59 82 120 41 77 67 199 66 53

Professional and business services......... 837 1,421 1,517 798 1,129 1,064 1,751 1,058 1,096

Education and health services............... 947 1,431 1,439 522 754 732 1,533 678 726

Educational services........................ 89 144 121 66 114 82 316 80 92

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 857 1,287 1,319 456 640 650 1,218 598 634

Leisure and hospitality........................ 345 1,195 1,586 426 1,172 1,424 2,627 981 1,003

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 50 206 248 31 157 177 418 116 107

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 295 989 1,338 395 1,015 1,247 2,210 865 896

Other services.................................. 134 275 390 152 226 262 899 203 223

Government....................................... 634 843 913 225 360 347 527 335 338

Federal.......................................... 106 126 149 45 35 45 40 36 41

State and local................................. 528 717 764 180 325 302 487 299 297

State and local education.................. 183 267 286 101 162 156 239 149 150

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 345 450 478 79 164 145 248 150 147

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.4 5.4 6.0 3.0 4.2 4.2 9.1 3.8 4.0

Total private....................................... 3.6 5.7 6.4 3.4 4.6 4.7 10.4 4.2 4.4

Mining and logging............................. 1.5 4.8 3.5 2.7 5.0 3.6 11.0 2.3 3.2

Construction.................................... 3.3 4.3 4.6 3.1 5.9 4.5 12.6 4.8 4.7

Manufacturing.................................. 2.4 5.7 6.5 3.1 3.5 3.2 7.5 3.3 3.4

Durable goods............................... 2.1 4.9 5.8 2.9 3.3 2.9 7.7 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods........................... 2.9 7.1 7.5 3.4 3.9 3.8 7.2 3.7 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.4 5.4 5.8 4.3 4.3 4.4 8.9 4.1 4.9

Wholesale trade............................. 2.8 4.3 5.3 2.1 2.6 2.8 5.7 2.5 2.8

Retail trade................................... 3.3 5.6 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.3 10.6 4.8 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 4.1 6.1 5.8 3.6 4.0 3.7 8.0 4.0 5.0

Information...................................... 4.6 3.7 3.9 1.4 3.5 3.6 8.1 3.3 3.2

Financial activities.............................. 2.8 3.8 4.7 1.9 2.4 2.4 3.6 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance..................... 2.8 3.9 4.5 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 2.7 3.5 5.0 1.9 3.4 3.0 9.4 2.9 2.4

Professional and business services......... 4.2 6.4 6.8 4.2 5.4 5.1 9.2 5.1 5.3

Education and health services............... 4.2 5.8 5.8 2.4 3.2 3.1 7.1 2.9 3.1

Educational services........................ 2.7 4.0 3.4 2.0 3.3 2.4 9.7 2.3 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.4 6.1 6.2 2.5 3.2 3.3 6.6 3.0 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................ 3.8 8.0 10.1 4.9 8.5 10.1 30.2 7.1 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.1 10.3 11.6 2.7 8.8 9.4 35.7 6.4 5.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 3.8 7.7 9.9 5.2 8.5 10.2 29.4 7.2 7.4

Other services.................................. 2.9 4.7 6.5 3.4 4.1 4.7 19.9 3.7 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Government....................................... 2.8 3.8 4.1 1.0 1.7 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.6

Federal.......................................... 3.6 4.2 4.9 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local................................. 2.7 3.7 3.9 0.9 1.7 1.6 2.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.8 2.7 2.9 1.0 1.7 1.6 2.4 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 3.7 4.8 5.1 0.9 1.8 1.6 2.8 1.7 1.6

p Preliminary
Technical Note

Special technical note: This technical note 

describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly 

basis to develop estimates from JOLTS survey 

responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of 

the procedures described in this technical note have 

been modified. The modifications are briefly 

described in the box note in the news release and are 

described in more detail at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemicon-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

 The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

 The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 
annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected.

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total............................................... 4,630 6,752 7,099 7,526 8,288 9,286 3.4 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.4 6.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,996 6,094 6,380 6,868 7,446 8,374 3.6 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.7 6.4

Mining and logging......................... 9 21 24 20 31 23 1.5 3.4 3.9 3.3 4.8 3.5

Construction................................ 220 267 300 272 334 357 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.3 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 279 479 537 572 749 851 2.4 3.8 4.2 4.5 5.7 6.5

Durable goods........................... 148 271 308 298 393 471 2.1 3.4 3.9 3.8 4.9 5.8

Nondurable goods....................... 131 209 228 273 356 380 2.9 4.3 4.7 5.6 7.1 7.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 851 1,215 1,308 1,396 1,562 1,670 3.4 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.4 5.8

Wholesale trade......................... 159 173 192 216 256 320 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.3 5.3

Retail trade............................... 446 764 793 819 899 965 3.3 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.6 6.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 246 277 323 361 406 386 4.1 4.3 5.0 5.5 6.1 5.8

Information.................................. 126 109 129 109 102 110 4.6 3.9 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.9

Financial activities......................... 247 295 306 303 346 430 2.8 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.8 4.7

Finance and insurance................. 188 231 226 229 264 310 2.8 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 59 65 80 74 82 120 2.7 2.8 3.5 3.2 3.5 5.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 837 1,478 1,404 1,373 1,421 1,517 4.2 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.4 6.8

Education and health services........... 947 1,277 1,368 1,592 1,431 1,439 4.2 5.2 5.6 6.4 5.8 5.8

Educational services.................... 89 90 148 105 144 121 2.7 2.6 4.2 3.0 4.0 3.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 857 1,187 1,220 1,486 1,287 1,319 4.4 5.6 5.8 7.0 6.1 6.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 345 747 738 942 1,195 1,586 3.8 5.4 5.3 6.5 8.0 10.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 50 62 81 134 206 248 4.1 3.5 4.5 7.2 10.3 11.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 295 685 657 808 989 1,338 3.8 5.7 5.4 6.4 7.7 9.9

Other services.............................. 134 205 265 289 275 390 2.9 3.6 4.6 5.0 4.7 6.5

Government................................... 634 659 719 658 843 913 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.8 4.1

Federal...................................... 106 98 79 88 126 149 3.6 3.3 2.7 3.0 4.2 4.9

State and local............................. 528 561 641 570 717 764 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.9

State and local education.............. 183 217 294 175 267 286 1.8 2.2 2.9 1.8 2.7 2.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 345 344 347 395 450 478 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.8 5.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 862 1,142 1,165 1,294 1,524 1,739 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.7 5.5 6.2

South........................................... 1,749 2,645 2,831 2,972 3,163 3,537 3.5 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.6 6.3

Midwest........................................ 977 1,465 1,520 1,593 1,783 2,052 3.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.4 6.2

West............................................ 1,042 1,501 1,583 1,667 1,818 1,959 3.3 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.1 5.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total............................................... 3,942 5,411 5,465 5,794 6,006 6,075 3.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,718 5,072 5,102 5,490 5,646 5,728 3.4 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.7

Mining and logging......................... 17 24 17 19 31 22 2.7 4.0 2.9 3.2 5.0 3.6

Construction................................ 201 399 346 399 442 335 3.1 5.4 4.7 5.4 5.9 4.5

Manufacturing.............................. 350 398 351 393 434 396 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.2

Durable goods........................... 201 224 192 218 255 218 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.9 3.3 2.9

Nondurable goods....................... 149 174 159 175 180 178 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,048 1,199 1,183 1,118 1,156 1,189 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.4

Wholesale trade......................... 114 160 152 139 148 157 2.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.8

Retail trade............................... 726 814 778 734 755 799 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 208 225 254 245 252 233 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.7

Information.................................. 37 72 77 88 94 96 1.4 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.6

Financial activities......................... 166 212 202 199 209 209 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Finance and insurance................. 125 134 126 131 132 141 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 41 78 76 68 77 67 1.9 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 798 1,121 1,078 1,129 1,129 1,064 4.2 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.1

Education and health services........... 522 700 708 703 754 732 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1

Educational services.................... 66 67 110 86 114 82 2.0 2.0 3.3 2.5 3.3 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 456 633 598 617 640 650 2.5 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 426 758 928 1,194 1,172 1,424 4.9 5.8 7.1 8.8 8.5 10.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 31 60 120 135 157 177 2.7 3.5 7.1 7.8 8.8 9.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 395 698 808 1,059 1,015 1,247 5.2 6.1 7.1 9.0 8.5 10.2

Other services.............................. 152 187 212 248 226 262 3.4 3.4 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.7

Government................................... 225 339 363 304 360 347 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.6

Federal...................................... 45 47 32 37 35 45 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.6

State and local............................. 180 292 331 267 325 302 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6

State and local education.............. 101 145 193 121 162 156 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 79 147 137 146 164 145 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 558 867 867 967 997 1,004 2.4 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.8

South........................................... 1,487 2,156 2,054 2,184 2,295 2,359 3.1 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.5

Midwest........................................ 923 1,203 1,241 1,322 1,295 1,294 3.3 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.1

West............................................ 975 1,184 1,303 1,321 1,419 1,418 3.2 3.5 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total............................................... 11,782 5,582 5,323 5,429 5,436 5,760 9.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 11,255 5,236 5,007 5,078 5,100 5,422 10.4 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4

Mining and logging......................... 68 19 17 22 14 19 11.0 3.1 2.8 3.7 2.3 3.2

Construction................................ 820 352 338 426 358 347 12.6 4.8 4.6 5.8 4.8 4.7

Manufacturing.............................. 856 387 362 369 402 417 7.5 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.4

Durable goods........................... 542 213 205 200 229 237 7.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods....................... 314 173 158 169 172 180 7.2 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 2,174 1,123 1,197 1,118 1,120 1,315 8.9 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.9

Wholesale trade......................... 314 151 136 139 141 160 5.7 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.8

Retail trade............................... 1,398 737 718 746 726 842 10.6 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 462 235 343 233 253 313 8.0 3.8 5.5 3.7 4.0 5.0

Information.................................. 213 74 66 79 89 86 8.1 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.2

Financial activities......................... 312 182 206 201 198 189 3.6 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 114 113 135 132 132 136 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 199 69 72 69 66 53 9.4 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,751 1,007 1,003 1,062 1,058 1,096 9.2 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.3

Education and health services........... 1,533 681 681 670 678 726 7.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1

Educational services.................... 316 102 48 80 80 92 9.7 3.1 1.4 2.4 2.3 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,218 579 632 590 598 634 6.6 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 2,627 1,221 933 904 981 1,003 30.2 9.3 7.1 6.7 7.1 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 418 173 136 126 116 107 35.7 10.1 8.0 7.3 6.4 5.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 2,210 1,049 797 778 865 896 29.4 9.2 7.0 6.6 7.2 7.4

Other services.............................. 899 190 203 225 203 223 19.9 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.0

Government................................... 527 346 316 351 335 338 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 40 50 59 40 36 41 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local............................. 487 296 257 311 299 297 2.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 239 141 105 162 149 150 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 248 155 152 149 150 147 2.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 2,276 858 794 836 815 809 9.6 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1

South........................................... 3,901 2,186 2,128 2,154 2,197 2,302 8.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3

Midwest........................................ 2,563 1,166 1,111 1,200 1,200 1,239 9.1 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.0

West............................................ 3,042 1,372 1,290 1,240 1,223 1,410 10.0 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.2

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total............................................... 2,107 3,407 3,306 3,383 3,568 3,952 1.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,941 3,224 3,140 3,184 3,387 3,763 1.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.1

Mining and logging......................... 5 9 8 12 9 11 0.9 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.5 1.8

Construction................................ 89 161 139 168 198 176 1.4 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 109 240 251 258 262 284 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3

Durable goods........................... 45 135 142 140 150 153 0.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.0

Nondurable goods....................... 64 105 109 118 113 130 1.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 444 816 755 753 787 957 1.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.5

Wholesale trade......................... 54 97 71 82 89 104 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8

Retail trade............................... 296 549 539 542 543 649 2.2 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 95 170 145 129 155 204 1.6 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.5 3.3

Information.................................. 41 39 37 40 57 51 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.9

Financial activities......................... 68 108 148 132 122 134 0.8 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5

Finance and insurance................. 51 69 106 85 80 101 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 17 38 42 47 42 33 0.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 432 581 580 604 613 707 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.4

Education and health services........... 392 471 469 458 507 559 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4

Educational services.................... 45 52 25 44 46 56 1.4 1.6 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 347 419 443 413 460 504 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 316 687 641 625 703 741 3.6 5.2 4.9 4.6 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 28 71 64 51 52 60 2.4 4.2 3.8 3.0 2.9 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 288 616 577 574 650 681 3.8 5.4 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.6

Other services.............................. 44 113 114 134 129 143 1.0 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.6

Government................................... 166 183 166 199 181 189 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9

Federal...................................... 16 21 26 19 16 19 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7

State and local............................. 150 162 140 181 164 169 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9

State and local education.............. 85 81 62 98 84 87 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 66 81 78 83 80 83 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 308 436 432 456 491 502 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9

South........................................... 879 1,465 1,427 1,406 1,505 1,633 1.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.1

Midwest........................................ 472 761 727 749 780 860 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.8

West............................................ 447 746 719 772 792 957 1.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.8

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total............................................... 9,307 1,823 1,724 1,723 1,525 1,444 7.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 9,026 1,734 1,634 1,636 1,433 1,354 8.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

Mining and logging......................... 61 9 7 8 4 7 9.8 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.6 1.1

Construction................................ 713 183 187 243 149 156 10.9 2.5 2.5 3.3 2.0 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 724 120 90 86 119 104 6.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8

Durable goods........................... 483 64 48 45 65 62 6.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 242 56 42 41 54 42 5.6 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,693 243 414 319 279 276 6.9 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 257 40 61 46 41 44 4.7 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8

Retail trade............................... 1,086 156 164 182 148 145 8.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 350 46 189 91 90 87 6.0 0.7 3.0 1.5 1.4 1.4

Information.................................. 166 30 22 27 27 27 6.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0

Financial activities......................... 233 50 32 53 63 33 2.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 57 23 13 32 40 16 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 176 27 19 21 23 16 8.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,205 359 372 398 357 313 6.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.5

Education and health services........... 1,088 168 160 173 130 133 5.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Educational services.................... 264 41 21 31 29 30 8.1 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 824 126 139 142 102 102 4.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 2,294 506 267 248 244 233 26.4 3.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 387 98 70 72 61 44 33.1 5.7 4.1 4.2 3.4 2.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,906 409 197 176 182 188 25.3 3.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Other services.............................. 847 66 84 81 61 74 18.7 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.3

Government................................... 281 89 89 86 92 90 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 12 12 18 11 9 10 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 269 77 71 75 83 80 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local education.............. 118 31 24 36 42 41 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 151 46 47 39 41 39 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,912 356 309 323 263 244 8.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9

South........................................... 2,906 576 598 619 562 540 6.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0

Midwest........................................ 1,985 338 328 382 349 302 7.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0

West............................................ 2,504 554 488 399 351 358 8.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total............................................... 368 352 294 323 343 364 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 288 278 233 257 280 305 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 2 1 1 1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2

Construction................................ 17 7 13 15 10 15 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 23 27 22 26 21 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 14 15 15 15 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods....................... 8 12 7 11 6 7 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 37 64 28 46 53 82 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 3 13 4 11 11 12 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 16 32 15 23 35 47 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 18 19 10 13 7 23 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4

Information.................................. 6 4 7 12 4 9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3

Financial activities......................... 11 24 27 17 13 22 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 6 21 16 15 13 18 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 5 3 10 1 1 4 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 114 67 51 60 89 76 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

Education and health services........... 53 43 52 40 41 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Educational services.................... 7 9 2 5 5 6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 46 34 50 35 36 28 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 18 28 25 31 35 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 3 3 2 3 2 3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 15 24 23 28 33 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services.............................. 7 12 6 10 13 6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government................................... 80 74 61 66 63 59 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 17 15 11 11 12 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 68 57 46 55 51 47 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 37 29 19 27 23 22 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 31 28 27 28 28 25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 56 66 53 56 62 64 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 116 146 103 129 129 129 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 105 67 55 69 71 77 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 91 72 83 69 80 94 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 5,163 8,366 9,982 3.8 5.5 6.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,518 7,492 9,035 4.0 5.8 6.9

Mining and logging............................................... 11 31 25 1.8 4.8 3.8

Construction....................................................... 233 354 384 3.5 4.7 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 295 751 874 2.5 5.8 6.7

Durable goods.................................................. 157 393 479 2.2 4.9 5.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 138 358 395 3.1 7.2 7.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 850 1,520 1,728 3.4 5.3 6.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 167 256 335 3.0 4.4 5.6

Retail trade..................................................... 423 835 982 3.1 5.3 6.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 260 429 411 4.4 6.4 6.3

Information........................................................ 132 94 116 4.8 3.4 4.1

Financial activities................................................ 303 334 490 3.4 3.7 5.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 225 256 351 3.4 3.8 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 77 78 139 3.5 3.4 5.8

Professional and business services............................ 906 1,446 1,603 4.5 6.6 7.2

Education and health services.................................. 1,106 1,434 1,628 4.8 5.7 6.5

Educational services.......................................... 96 141 129 2.7 3.8 3.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,011 1,293 1,499 5.2 6.1 7.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 528 1,241 1,774 5.8 8.5 11.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 95 222 304 7.7 11.7 14.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 433 1,019 1,470 5.5 8.0 10.8

Other services.................................................... 153 288 414 3.3 5.0 6.9

Government.......................................................... 645 874 947 2.8 3.8 4.1

Federal............................................................. 114 139 158 3.8 4.6 5.2

State and local.................................................... 531 735 789 2.7 3.7 4.0

State and local education..................................... 177 270 296 1.7 2.6 2.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 354 465 493 3.8 5.0 5.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 928 1,519 1,811 3.7 5.5 6.4

South................................................................. 1,959 3,208 3,790 3.9 5.7 6.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,087 1,806 2,179 3.7 5.5 6.5

West.................................................................. 1,189 1,833 2,202 3.8 5.2 6.1

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 4,263 5,617 6,495 3.3 3.9 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,107 5,337 6,216 3.8 4.4 5.1

Mining and logging............................................... 20 33 24 3.3 5.5 3.9

Construction....................................................... 338 425 456 5.2 5.9 6.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 359 419 403 3.2 3.4 3.3

Durable goods.................................................. 206 248 222 2.9 3.2 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 153 172 181 3.5 3.7 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,014 1,064 1,159 4.2 4.0 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 122 148 169 2.2 2.6 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 716 710 804 5.5 4.7 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 175 206 186 3.1 3.3 3.0

Information........................................................ 35 89 96 1.3 3.3 3.6

Financial activities................................................ 175 189 213 2.0 2.2 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 119 119 135 1.8 1.8 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 56 69 78 2.7 3.1 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 913 1,076 1,159 4.8 5.2 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 513 704 738 2.3 3.0 3.1

Educational services.......................................... 47 78 60 1.4 2.2 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 466 626 679 2.5 3.1 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 557 1,145 1,662 6.4 8.5 11.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 47 164 290 4.1 9.8 15.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 510 980 1,372 6.8 8.3 11.3

Other services.................................................... 182 192 305 4.0 3.5 5.5

Government.......................................................... 156 280 279 0.7 1.3 1.3

Federal............................................................. 43 32 44 1.5 1.1 1.5

State and local.................................................... 113 248 235 0.6 1.3 1.2

State and local education..................................... 31 103 88 0.3 1.0 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 82 145 148 0.9 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 641 922 1,116 2.7 3.5 4.2

South................................................................. 1,556 2,152 2,467 3.3 4.1 4.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,012 1,236 1,391 3.6 4.0 4.4

West.................................................................. 1,054 1,307 1,521 3.5 3.9 4.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 11,616 4,745 5,602 8.9 3.3 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 11,188 4,521 5,373 10.4 3.7 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 68 13 20 11.1 2.1 3.3

Construction....................................................... 796 312 320 12.3 4.3 4.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 859 394 430 7.6 3.2 3.5

Durable goods.................................................. 548 228 251 7.8 3.0 3.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 311 166 179 7.2 3.6 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 2,118 981 1,243 8.7 3.6 4.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 314 134 162 5.7 2.4 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 1,369 627 805 10.4 4.2 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 434 220 276 7.6 3.5 4.5

Information........................................................ 216 81 93 8.2 3.0 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 332 171 206 3.9 2.0 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 127 118 149 2.0 1.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 206 53 57 9.8 2.4 2.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,768 978 1,117 9.3 4.8 5.4

Education and health services.................................. 1,520 617 708 6.9 2.6 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 293 41 71 8.6 1.1 2.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,226 576 637 6.6 2.9 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 2,615 804 1,003 30.2 6.0 7.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 402 57 74 35.1 3.4 4.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 2,213 748 929 29.5 6.4 7.6

Other services.................................................... 897 170 233 19.8 3.1 4.2

Government.......................................................... 428 224 229 1.9 1.0 1.0

Federal............................................................. 35 31 35 1.2 1.1 1.2

State and local.................................................... 393 193 194 2.0 1.0 1.0

State and local education..................................... 173 67 75 1.7 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 220 126 119 2.5 1.4 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 2,236 662 763 9.4 2.5 2.9

South................................................................. 3,870 1,973 2,299 8.1 3.8 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 2,463 1,042 1,140 8.7 3.4 3.6

West.................................................................. 3,047 1,067 1,400 10.0 3.2 4.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 2,098 3,296 4,023 1.6 2.3 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,972 3,162 3,880 1.8 2.6 3.2

Mining and logging............................................... 6 8 13 1.0 1.3 2.1

Construction....................................................... 89 181 178 1.4 2.5 2.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 115 262 300 1.0 2.1 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 54 152 169 0.8 2.0 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 61 110 131 1.4 2.4 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 444 748 959 1.8 2.8 3.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 61 90 113 1.1 1.6 2.0

Retail trade..................................................... 285 505 639 2.2 3.4 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 97 153 207 1.7 2.5 3.4

Information........................................................ 42 53 54 1.6 2.0 2.0

Financial activities................................................ 79 105 147 0.9 1.2 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 55 69 108 0.8 1.1 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 24 36 39 1.2 1.6 1.7

Professional and business services............................ 442 567 726 2.3 2.8 3.5

Education and health services.................................. 385 483 564 1.8 2.1 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 35 28 48 1.0 0.8 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 350 454 516 1.9 2.3 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 321 627 780 3.7 4.7 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 15 38 48 1.3 2.3 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 306 589 732 4.1 5.0 6.0

Other services.................................................... 49 128 159 1.1 2.3 2.9

Government.......................................................... 126 134 143 0.6 0.6 0.7

Federal............................................................. 15 15 18 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local.................................................... 111 119 125 0.6 0.6 0.7

State and local education..................................... 50 42 46 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 61 77 80 0.7 0.9 0.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 302 449 515 1.3 1.7 2.0

South................................................................. 901 1,401 1,710 1.9 2.7 3.2

Midwest............................................................... 446 721 839 1.6 2.3 2.7

West.................................................................. 449 725 959 1.5 2.2 2.8

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 9,160 1,132 1,221 7.0 0.8 0.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 8,924 1,090 1,178 8.3 0.9 1.0

Mining and logging............................................... 60 4 6 9.8 0.7 1.0

Construction....................................................... 689 117 125 10.7 1.6 1.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 720 111 100 6.3 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 479 62 59 6.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 241 49 41 5.6 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,637 187 199 6.7 0.7 0.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 250 33 36 4.6 0.6 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 1,068 96 118 8.1 0.6 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 319 58 45 5.6 0.9 0.7

Information........................................................ 166 24 27 6.3 0.9 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 237 55 31 2.8 0.6 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 61 39 18 0.9 0.6 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 175 16 12 8.3 0.7 0.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,219 319 319 6.4 1.6 1.5

Education and health services.................................. 1,080 98 110 4.9 0.4 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 253 10 18 7.4 0.3 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 827 88 91 4.5 0.4 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 2,276 147 195 26.3 1.1 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 385 17 24 33.7 1.0 1.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,891 130 170 25.2 1.1 1.4

Other services.................................................... 841 28 68 18.6 0.5 1.2

Government.......................................................... 235 41 43 1.1 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 6 7 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 226 35 36 1.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 95 14 19 0.9 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 131 21 17 1.5 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,874 160 179 7.8 0.6 0.7

South................................................................. 2,865 459 474 6.0 0.9 0.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,926 257 231 6.8 0.8 0.7

West.................................................................. 2,495 256 337 8.2 0.8 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Apr.

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 359 317 357 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 292 269 314 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Construction....................................................... 18 13 17 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 23 21 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 15 14 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 9 7 7 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 37 46 85 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 3 10 13 0.0 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 16 27 48 0.1 0.2 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 19 8 24 0.3 0.1 0.4

Information........................................................ 7 5 11 0.3 0.2 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 17 11 28 0.2 0.1 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 11 10 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 6 1 6 0.3 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 108 92 72 0.6 0.4 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 55 36 34 0.3 0.2 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 5 3 4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 50 34 30 0.3 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 18 30 29 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 1 2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 16 29 27 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 7 13 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government.......................................................... 67 49 43 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 9 10 0.4 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 56 39 33 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 28 11 11 0.3 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 28 28 21 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 58 53 69 0.2 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 106 114 115 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 93 65 70 0.3 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 102 85 104 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.