For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, November 17, 2022 USDL-22-2178

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • orsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ors

Media contact : (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov

OCCUPATIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2022

Constant verbal interactions, meaning every few minutes, were required for 27.4 percent of 

workers in 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. For the average worker,

sitting was required for 43.6 percent of the workday. A work pace that varied, indicating 

fluctuations on a daily, weekly, or seasonal basis, was present for 54.5 percent of workers. (See 

chart 1 and table 1.)

Constant verbal interactions were required for 77.4 percent of cashiers. On average, sitting was 

required for 5.1 percent of the workday for these workers. 

Constant verbal interactions were required for 67.4 percent of waiters and waitresses. On 

average, sitting was required for 2.6 percent of the workday for these workers. 

Chart 1. Percentage of workers with select job requirements by customer-facing occupation, 2022

Constant verbal interactions were required for 43.4 percent of hotel, motel, and resort desk 

clerks. On average, sitting was required for 29.1 percent of the workday for these workers. 

Constant verbal interactions were required for 38.8 percent of retail salespersons. On average, 

sitting was required for 13.1 percent of the workday for these workers. 

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Civilian workers Retail salespersons Hotel, motel, and

resort desk clerks

Waiters and

waitresses

Cashiers

Constant verbal interactions Sitting required Varying work pace
Environmental conditions

Extreme heat exposure was present for 4.5 percent of civilian workers, 5.5 percent were exposed 

to extreme cold, 32.9 percent were exposed to outdoors, and 33.5 percent were exposed to 

wetness. (See chart 2 and table 2.)

• For firefighters, 96.9 percent of workers were exposed to extreme heat, and all

firefighters were exposed to the outdoors.

• For restaurant cooks, 55.6 percent of workers were exposed to extreme heat, and 13.5

percent were exposed to the outdoors.

• For industrial machinery mechanics, 20.4 percent of workers were exposed to extreme

heat, and 48.9 percent were exposed to the outdoors. 

Chart 2. Percentage of workers with environmental exposures by occupation, 2022

Cognitive and mental requirements

The ability to telework was available to 10.6 percent of civilian workers, 56.2 percent had the 

ability to pause work, 61.2 percent required more than basic people skills, and 63.8 percent had a 

supervisor present. (See chart 3 and table 3.)

• For web developers, 78.2 percent of workers had the option to telework, and all of these 

workers had the ability to pause their work.

• For lawyers, 61.6 percent of workers had the option to telework, and 94.8 percent had the

ability to pause their work.

• For customer service representatives, 21.2 percent of workers had the option to telework,

and 56.9 percent had the ability to pause their work.

Chart 3. Percentage of workers with cognitive and mental requirements by occupation, 2022 

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Civilian workers Industrial machinery

mechanics

Restaurant cooks Firefighters

Extreme heat Extreme cold Outdoors Wetness

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Civilian workers Customer service

representatives

Lawyers Web developers

Telework Pause control People skills (more than basic) Supervisor present

-2-
Education, training, and experience 

A bachelor’s degree was the highest degree required for 19.0 percent of civilian workers, a 

credential was required for 45.2 percent, prior work experience was required for 47.5 percent, 

and on-the-job training was required for 79.0 percent. (See chart 4 and table 4.)

• For civil engineers, 99.7 percent of workers were required to have a bachelor’s degree.

Prior work experience was required for 63.9 percent of these workers.

• For graphic designers, a bachelor’s degree was the highest degree required for 53.3

percent of workers, and 78.5 percent were required to have prior work experience.

• For pharmacists, a bachelor’s degree was the highest degree required for 26.7 percent of

workers, and 25.4 percent were required to have prior work experience. 

Chart 4. Percentage of workers with education, training, and experience requirements by 

occupation, 2022

Physical demands

Reaching overhead was required for 44.7 percent of civilian workers, 57.6 percent were required 

to perform critical work tasks in low postures, 94.8 percent required speaking as part of their

critical tasks, and 98.7 percent were required to perform fine manipulation. (See chart 5 and table 

5.)

• For paramedics, 88.1 percent of workers were required to reach overhead, and all

paramedics were required to work in low postures.

• For dishwashers, 72.7 percent of workers were required to reach overhead, and 74.2

percent were required to work in low postures.

• For chemists, 50.0 percent of workers were required to reach overhead, and 36.7 percent

were required to work in low postures.

Chart 5. Percentage of workers with physical requirements by occupation, 2022

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Civilian workers Pharmacists Graphic designers Civil engineers

Bachelor's degree Credentials Prior work experience On-the-job training

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Civilian workers Chemists Dishwashers Paramedics

Reaching overhead Low postures Speaking Fine manipulation

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Technical Note

The Occupational Requirements Survey (ORS) provides job-related information about the 

physical demands; environmental conditions; education, training, and experience; as well as 

cognitive and mental requirements in the U.S. economy. 

Additional job requirement estimates are available at www.bls.gov/web/ors/ors-completedataset.xlsx and www.bls.gov/ors/data.htm. For information on estimation concepts and methods 

see the Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ors/home.htm, the collection manual at 

www.bls.gov/ors/information-for-survey-participants/pdf/occupational-requirements-surveycollection-manual-082019.pdf, and www.bls.gov/ors/questions-and-answers.htm. 

Sample size: The ORS is a nationally representative establishment-based survey. Estimates are 

produced from a probability sample of 42,700 establishments. There were 20,000 private 

industry and 4,000 state and local government responding establishments that provided 

approximately 117,700 occupational observations. The 2022 estimates represent 142,774,500 

civilian workers. 

These estimates are from four of five samples and are considered preliminary. Data from all five 

samples collected between September 2018 and July 2023 will be aggregated to produce the final 

estimates with an expected reference year of 2023.

Standard errors: To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ORS estimates, standard errors 

are made available with the release. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of 

an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Collected and imputed data are included in the standard error calculation. For further information 

and how to use the standard errors see www.bls.gov/ors/se.htm. 

Major terms:

• Credentials – Credentials include training time required as a condition of hiring, which

often results in certifications, licenses, or educational certificates.

• Critical job function – This is the main purpose and the primary pay factor for the job. It

consists of critical tasks that are integral to the job.

• Critical tasks – Activities workers must perform to carry out their critical job function(s).

• Fine manipulation – Picking, pinching, touching, or otherwise working primarily with

fingers rather than the whole hand or arm.

• Low postures – The requirement for workers to perform critical tasks while crawling,

crouching, kneeling, or stooping.

• Pause control – Ability to choose how and when short, unscheduled breaks are taken.

• People skills – Ability to listen, communicate, and relate to others.

• Telework – Ability to perform the critical job function off work premises, typically from

home. Workers must have a formal arrangement with the employer and telework must

be available to all workers in the job. Temporary or ad hoc telework arrangements,

such asthose made in response to the Coronavirus pandemic, are not included in

telework.

-4-

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Percentage of workers with selected job requirements, 2022

Yes

Standard 

error Sitting Standing Standard error Yes

Standard 

error

All workers 27.4 0.5 43.6 56.4 [1] 54.5 [1]

Computer and mathematical occupations 5.8 0.9 88.6 11.4 [1] 50.4 2.6

Web developers - - 95.1 4.9 0.5 57.2 16.1

Architecture and engineering occupations 3.1 1.2 74.8 25.2 1.5 54.2 4.3

Civil engineers - - 80.6 19.4 1.9 45.4 7.8

Life, physical, and social science occupations 11.1 1.9 63.3 36.7 1.8 54.4 4.2

Chemists - - 46.6 53.4 5.8 63.7 9.0

Legal occupations 9.4 1.5 83.7 16.3 0.7 42.3 3.7

Lawyers 9.8 2.3 80.5 19.5 1.7 42.5 6.0

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 22.7 2.3 69.6 30.4 2.3 55.4 4.9

Graphic designers - - 89.3 10.7 2.2 55.2 8.5

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 32.5 1.5 36.4 63.6 0.8 48.6 1.8

Pharmacists 45.5 8.5 29.6 70.4 4.2 58.1 6.7

Paramedics 37.3 14.5 - - - 67.6 14.1

Protective service occupations 28.9 2.6 43.6 56.4 1.4 69.9 4.1

Firefighters 24.4 5.1 - - - 83.2 5.5

Food preparation and serving related occupations 56.4 1.4 2.8 97.2 [1] 69.4 2.3

Cooks, restaurant 30.2 2.2 1.9 98.1 0.7 65.1 4.5

Waiters and waitresses 67.4 1.7 2.6 97.4 0.9 72.2 2.6

Dishwashers - - 1.1 98.9 [1] 68.8 3.8

Sales and related occupations 46.2 1.5 30.8 69.2 0.7 74.6 1.3

Cashiers 77.4 2.0 5.1 94.9 0.6 83.6 1.3

Retail salespersons 38.8 4.0 13.1 86.9 1.7 85.4 1.6

Office and administrative support occupations 31.7 0.7 79.0 21.0 0.6 55.4 1.0

Customer service representatives 60.6 4.5 84.0 16.0 1.7 47.8 6.2

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 43.4 4.7 29.1 70.9 2.9 79.2 9.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5.9 0.9 20.5 79.5 [1] 58.9 2.2

Industrial machinery mechanics 9.3 2.3 15.6 84.4 1.3 49.4 3.4

[1] Standard error is less than 0.5.

[2] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Constant verbal 

interactions Average percent of workday spent Varying work pace

Occupation and occupational group

-5-
Table 2. Percentage of workers with environmental conditions, 2022

Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error

All workers 4.5 95.5 [1] 5.5 94.5 [1] 32.9 67.1 [1] 33.5 66.5 [1]

Computer and mathematical occupations - 100.0 [1] - 100.0 [2] 1.8 98.2 0.7 [1] 100.0 [1]

Web developers - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] - 99.6 [1] - 100.0 [2]

Architecture and engineering occupations 2.7 97.3 0.8 1.0 99.0 [1] 31.5 68.5 2.7 6.0 94.0 1.9

Civil engineers - 97.5 2.3 - 100.0 [2] 75.8 24.2 6.4 - 96.2 2.3

Life, physical, and social science occupations 3.6 96.4 1.1 5.0 95.0 1.3 37.0 63.0 4.0 34.8 65.2 4.9

Chemists - 91.7 4.8 7.9 92.1 3.1 - 97.0 1.6 68.8 31.2 8.2

Legal occupations - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] - 98.0 1.1 - 100.0 [2]

Lawyers - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] - 96.6 2.0 - 100.0 [2]

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations [1] 99.9 [1] - 99.4 0.5 30.8 69.2 3.1 7.1 92.9 2.1

Graphic designers - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] - 98.8 0.7 - 100.0 [2]

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations [1] 99.6 [1] 0.5 99.5 [1] 7.6 92.4 0.5 74.1 25.9 1.7

Pharmacists - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] 54.5 45.5 6.3

Paramedics 11.4 88.6 4.9 3.4 96.6 1.7 98.0 - 1.3 80.8 - 11.1

Protective service occupations 13.9 86.1 1.0 1.1 98.9 [1] 89.5 10.5 1.1 30.8 69.2 1.2

Firefighters 96.9 3.1 0.5 4.0 96.0 1.3 100.0 - [2] 97.4 2.6 1.3

Food preparation and serving related occupations 24.1 75.9 1.8 34.9 65.1 1.3 32.3 67.7 1.6 91.3 8.7 0.5

Cooks, restaurant 55.6 44.4 4.5 66.6 33.4 2.8 13.5 86.5 1.5 96.9 - 2.6

Waiters and waitresses - 98.1 1.0 8.4 91.6 2.0 27.6 72.4 4.7 94.2 5.8 1.9

Dishwashers 15.9 84.1 3.2 16.7 83.3 5.1 34.2 65.8 3.9 99.4 - 0.6

Sales and related occupations [1] 99.6 [1] 3.4 96.6 0.5 28.8 71.2 1.5 21.9 78.1 0.9

Cashiers 0.6 99.4 [1] 8.7 91.3 1.5 24.7 75.3 1.3 50.7 49.3 3.9

Retail salespersons - 99.9 [1] - 99.5 0.5 34.1 65.9 4.5 13.9 86.1 2.6

Office and administrative support occupations [1] 100.0 [1] [1] 99.7 [1] 4.9 95.1 [1] 2.8 97.2 [1]

Customer service representatives - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] 3.4 96.6 0.8 1.6 98.4 0.6

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] - 94.3 4.6 - 93.2 5.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 9.0 91.0 0.8 4.4 95.6 1.2 80.1 19.9 1.4 50.1 49.9 1.6

Industrial machinery mechanics 20.4 79.6 3.6 9.4 90.6 2.8 48.9 51.1 5.7 47.2 52.8 3.3

[1] Standard error is less than 0.5.

[2] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Occupation and occupational group

Extreme heat Extreme cold Outdoors Wetness

-6-
Table 3. Percentage of workers with cognitive and mental requirements, 2022

Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error

All workers 10.6 89.4 [1] 56.2 43.8 0.5 61.2 38.8 0.5 63.8 36.2 0.5

Computer and mathematical occupations 52.5 47.5 4.4 95.7 4.3 0.7 95.8 4.2 0.6 55.4 44.6 1.3

Web developers 78.2 21.8 6.6 100.0 - [2] 93.6 6.4 2.2 62.0 38.0 13.0

Architecture and engineering occupations 30.5 69.5 2.1 94.8 5.2 1.9 92.3 7.7 0.9 67.1 32.9 2.2

Civil engineers 24.4 75.6 5.2 - - - 100.0 - [2] 70.4 29.6 6.9

Life, physical, and social science occupations 16.1 83.9 2.7 82.2 17.8 5.0 92.9 7.1 1.7 48.3 51.7 4.4

Chemists - - - 72.6 27.4 13.0 - - - 72.2 27.8 11.6

Legal occupations 48.8 51.2 4.5 95.0 - 2.8 - - - 56.2 43.8 5.6

Lawyers 61.6 38.4 6.0 94.8 - 2.9 100.0 - [2] 42.6 57.4 5.5

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 25.2 74.8 2.4 75.7 24.3 3.1 84.9 15.1 2.9 58.9 41.1 2.1

Graphic designers 30.1 69.9 6.1 100.0 - [2] 81.5 18.5 8.3 81.5 18.5 6.4

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 1.7 98.3 [1] 41.2 58.8 1.4 92.4 7.6 0.7 64.4 35.6 1.4

Pharmacists - - - 66.1 33.9 5.4 - - - 61.5 38.5 6.8

Paramedics - 100.0 [2] - - - 100.0 - [2] - - -

Protective service occupations - 100.0 [1] 13.3 86.7 1.3 80.9 19.1 1.7 37.1 62.9 1.8

Firefighters - 100.0 [2] - 100.0 [2] 95.0 5.0 1.3 76.6 23.4 2.3

Food preparation and serving related occupations - - - 22.8 77.2 1.0 26.0 74.0 0.5 90.5 9.5 1.0

Cooks, restaurant - 100.0 [2] 18.3 81.7 1.6 9.6 90.4 1.2 94.1 5.9 2.2

Waiters and waitresses - 100.0 [2] 24.5 75.5 2.5 43.4 56.6 3.9 96.5 3.5 1.6

Dishwashers - 100.0 [2] 25.6 74.4 2.7 - - - 97.1 2.9 1.0

Sales and related occupations 10.9 89.1 0.7 44.4 55.6 1.8 57.9 42.1 1.7 72.9 27.1 0.7

Cashiers - 100.0 [2] 4.7 95.3 1.2 10.9 89.1 1.7 90.5 9.5 2.2

Retail salespersons - 99.3 [1] 35.5 64.5 2.4 56.3 43.7 5.4 86.5 13.5 1.6

Office and administrative support occupations 11.0 89.0 1.0 71.7 28.3 0.8 67.3 32.7 1.2 81.3 18.7 1.1

Customer service representatives 21.2 78.8 3.3 56.9 43.1 3.9 71.9 28.1 2.2 87.2 12.8 2.8

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks - 100.0 [2] 15.1 84.9 2.9 61.7 38.3 6.0 80.1 19.9 6.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations - 99.4 [1] 70.3 29.7 2.2 53.2 46.8 2.9 53.0 47.0 1.5

Industrial machinery mechanics - 100.0 [2] 62.5 37.5 3.6 51.3 48.7 5.4 72.7 27.3 4.2

[1] Standard error is less than 0.5.

[2] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Occupation and occupational group

Telework Pause control More than basic people 

skills Supervisor present

-7-
Table 4. Percentage of workers with education, training, and experience requirements, 2022

Yes

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error

All workers 19.0 [1] 45.2 54.8 [1] 47.5 52.5 0.5 79.0 21.0 [1]

Computer and mathematical occupations 66.0 3.2 15.8 84.2 1.9 82.8 17.2 0.9 61.6 38.4 1.8

Web developers 63.1 13.6 - 99.3 0.6 74.7 - 18.1 78.5 - 11.8

Architecture and engineering occupations 69.0 3.7 41.4 58.6 2.2 66.2 33.8 3.4 69.5 30.5 3.2

Civil engineers 99.7 [1] 77.8 22.2 7.3 63.9 36.1 6.9 59.5 40.5 6.2

Life, physical, and social science occupations 53.1 4.1 52.6 47.4 4.0 72.1 27.9 4.3 70.3 29.7 2.4

Chemists 80.0 13.8 - 91.3 4.5 59.5 40.5 12.5 70.9 29.1 8.0

Legal occupations 10.1 1.1 77.9 22.1 3.1 56.3 43.7 5.0 63.4 36.6 3.8

Lawyers - - - - - 45.8 54.2 8.2 49.8 50.2 4.3

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 45.2 2.6 36.5 63.5 3.1 65.1 34.9 1.9 67.3 32.7 4.4

Graphic designers 53.3 12.1 8.1 91.9 3.0 78.5 21.5 7.4 55.3 44.7 9.0

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 22.7 1.3 92.4 7.6 0.9 40.0 60.0 1.0 73.0 27.0 1.2

Pharmacists 26.7 5.5 100.0 - [2] 25.4 74.6 7.2 68.5 31.5 8.0

Paramedics - - 100.0 - [2] - - - 83.4 16.6 7.2

Protective service occupations 3.6 0.9 88.6 11.4 1.3 31.9 68.1 1.5 76.5 23.5 0.8

Firefighters - - 100.0 - [2] 26.6 73.4 2.5 48.5 51.5 4.8

Food preparation and serving related occupations [1] [1] 39.0 61.0 1.0 25.0 75.0 1.2 95.3 4.7 [1]

Cooks, restaurant - - 50.5 49.5 3.8 51.0 49.0 6.9 94.4 5.6 1.8

Waiters and waitresses - - 36.9 63.1 2.0 25.2 74.8 3.9 97.5 2.5 0.8

Dishwashers - - 27.4 72.6 6.9 - 97.8 1.2 91.0 9.0 4.5

Sales and related occupations 7.3 0.6 27.8 72.2 1.4 32.5 67.5 1.3 93.6 6.4 0.6

Cashiers - - 6.4 93.6 1.3 4.5 95.5 2.0 - - -

Retail salespersons - - 15.6 84.4 2.3 15.2 84.8 1.4 96.2 3.8 1.4

Office and administrative support occupations 5.6 [1] 10.8 89.2 0.5 59.4 40.6 1.0 88.4 11.6 0.6

Customer service representatives 2.4 0.9 4.4 95.6 1.0 51.7 48.3 3.8 92.0 8.0 3.3

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks - - - - - 28.9 71.1 4.7 100.0 - [2]

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 1.4 0.6 73.4 26.6 2.2 67.7 32.3 1.0 74.9 25.1 2.1

Industrial machinery mechanics - - 47.3 52.7 3.8 74.0 26.0 4.4 83.8 16.2 2.1

[1] Standard error is less than 0.5.

[2] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Occupation and occupational group

Bachelor's degree Credentials Prior work experience On-the-job training

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Table 5. Percentage of workers with physical demands, 2022

Yes No

Standard 

error Yes No

Standard 

error Yes

Standard 

error Yes

Standard 

error

All workers 44.7 55.3 0.5 57.6 42.4 [1] 94.8 [1] 98.7 [1]

Computer and mathematical occupations 11.5 88.5 0.8 20.9 79.1 1.5 99.9 [1] 98.3 0.6

Web developers - 98.0 1.0 - 97.8 1.0 100.0 [2] 99.5 [1]

Architecture and engineering occupations 18.4 81.6 3.0 25.6 74.4 2.6 99.9 [1] 100.0 [2]

Civil engineers 7.4 92.6 2.2 26.3 73.7 4.4 100.0 [2] 100.0 [2]

Life, physical, and social science occupations 36.2 63.8 3.7 46.9 53.1 2.5 98.9 [1] 99.6 [1]

Chemists 50.0 50.0 10.9 36.7 63.3 11.0 100.0 [2] 100.0 [2]

Legal occupations 5.8 94.2 2.6 7.8 92.2 2.1 100.0 [2] 100.0 [1]

Lawyers 5.5 94.5 2.4 - 94.7 3.0 100.0 [2] 100.0 [2]

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 28.6 71.4 3.1 37.4 62.6 4.2 99.2 0.5 98.9 [1]

Graphic designers 1.8 98.2 0.7 - 98.2 1.0 100.0 [2] 99.1 0.9

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 63.3 36.7 1.7 75.4 24.6 1.1 99.9 [1] 99.9 [1]

Pharmacists 73.6 26.4 6.2 79.3 20.7 4.6 100.0 [2] 97.2 2.8

Paramedics 88.1 - 11.0 100.0 - [2] 100.0 [2] 100.0 [2]

Protective service occupations 54.3 45.7 2.6 73.8 26.2 2.2 99.1 0.6 98.3 0.5

Firefighters 98.9 1.1 [1] 98.3 1.7 0.8 100.0 [2] 100.0 [2]

Food preparation and serving related occupations 66.7 33.3 0.9 79.5 20.5 1.3 95.0 0.7 98.9 [1]

Cooks, restaurant 77.7 22.3 4.5 84.5 15.5 4.5 91.6 2.8 98.4 1.1

Waiters and waitresses 47.9 52.1 1.7 64.4 35.6 2.5 99.6 [1] 98.4 0.7

Dishwashers 72.7 27.3 2.7 74.2 25.8 4.1 51.4 5.3 89.6 2.4

Sales and related occupations 46.1 53.9 1.5 60.7 39.3 1.0 100.0 [1] 99.9 [1]

Cashiers 38.0 62.0 2.3 74.7 25.3 1.7 100.0 [1] 99.7 [1]

Retail salespersons 78.3 21.7 3.0 85.1 14.9 1.0 100.0 [1] 100.0 [2]

Office and administrative support occupations 14.3 85.7 0.7 22.2 77.8 0.6 98.6 0.6 99.3 [1]

Customer service representatives 4.6 95.4 1.1 11.1 88.9 1.6 99.9 [1] 96.7 1.9

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 17.6 82.4 4.6 36.2 63.8 4.6 100.0 [2] 100.0 [2]

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 89.6 10.4 1.1 95.5 4.5 0.6 95.7 0.7 100.0 [1]

Industrial machinery mechanics 86.3 13.7 2.5 95.0 - 3.3 97.4 0.8 100.0 [2]

[1] Standard error is less than 0.5.

[2] The standard error is not available for this estimate.

Note: Dashes indicate that the estimate was not publishable or there are no workers with the requirement. Due to rounding sum of estimates may not equal 100 percent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Occupation and occupational group

Reaching overhead Low postures Speaking Fine manipulation

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