For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 8, 2019 USDL-19-0017

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2018

The number of job openings fell to 6.9 million on the last business day of November, the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires edged down to 5.7 million, quits edged down to 

3.4 million, and total separations were little changed at 5.5 million. Within separations, the quits rate and 

the layoffs and discharges rate were unchanged at 2.3 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release 

includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector 

by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of November, the job openings level fell to 6.9 million (-243,000). The job 

openings rate was 4.4 percent. The number of job openings decreased for total private (-237,000) and 

was little changed for government. Job openings increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities

(+40,000). The job openings level decreased in a number of industries, with the largest decreases in 

other services (-66,000) and construction (-45,000). Job openings fell in the West region. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged down to 5.7 million (-218,000) in November. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. 

The hires level fell for total private (-236,000) and was little changed for government. Hires increased in 

federal government (+8,000) but decreased in professional and business services (-167,000). The 

number of hires decreased in the South region. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.5 million in November. The total separations 

rate was 3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for 

government. Total separations decreased in professional and business services (-122,000) and in 

accommodation and food services (-88,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all 

four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits edged down in November to 3.4 million (-112,000). The quits rate was 2.3 percent. 

The quits level edged down for total private (-122,000) and was little changed for government. Quits fell 

in professional and business services (-84,000) and in accommodation and food services (-62,000). The 

number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in November at 1.8 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and

for government. Layoffs and discharges increased in educational services (+17,000). The number of 

layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed at 332,000 in November. The other separations 

level was little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in arts, 

entertainment, and recreation (+5,000) and in federal government (+4,000), but decreased in 

professional and business services (-22,000). The number of other separations increased in the Northeast 

region, but decreased in the Midwest and West regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 68.0 million 

and separations totaled 65.6 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for December 2018 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, February 12, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,931 7,131 6,888 5,505 5,928 5,710 5,253 5,621 5,507

Total private....................................... 5,427 6,503 6,266 5,151 5,578 5,342 4,897 5,267 5,141

Mining and logging1............................ 19 31 26 34 33 32 29 30 33

Construction1................................... 225 323 278 357 361 379 330 326 383

Manufacturing.................................. 391 504 493 344 386 378 325 350 364

Durable goods1.............................. 248 318 324 197 229 208 177 205 207

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 143 187 169 146 157 169 148 145 157

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,187 1,322 1,275 1,058 1,219 1,152 1,015 1,172 1,125

Wholesale trade1............................ 168 216 177 142 173 187 121 155 170

Retail trade................................... 853 848 800 698 777 711 696 776 730

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 166 258 298 218 270 253 198 241 225

Information1

..................................... 88 150 133 79 84 83 73 73 82

Financial activities.............................. 349 400 380 192 195 213 173 181 196

Finance and insurance..................... 271 271 290 125 128 134 133 121 133

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 77 129 90 67 67 79 40 60 63

Professional and business services......... 976 1,227 1,176 1,156 1,214 1,047 1,158 1,138 1,016

Education and health services............... 1,095 1,240 1,272 691 751 768 637 694 724

Educational services1

....................... 100 102 112 107 99 102 85 95 104

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 995 1,138 1,160 584 652 666 552 599 620

Leisure and hospitality........................ 865 1,008 1,003 1,038 1,119 1,060 992 1,098 1,017

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 77 85 91 168 175 172 165 159 166

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 789 923 911 870 943 887 827 939 851

Other services1

................................. 234 296 230 204 217 231 166 206 200

Government....................................... 504 628 622 354 350 368 356 353 366

Federal1

......................................... 71 107 89 30 35 43 38 31 34

State and local................................. 432 521 533 324 315 324 318 322 332

State and local education.................. 157 205 217 162 161 175 156 177 179

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 275 316 316 162 154 149 162 145 153

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.9 4.5 4.4 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.7

Total private....................................... 4.2 4.9 4.7 4.1 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 2.7 4.0 3.3 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.4

Construction1

................................... 3.1 4.2 3.7 5.1 4.9 5.2 4.7 4.5 5.2

Manufacturing.................................. 3.0 3.8 3.7 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.8

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.1 3.8 3.9 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.6

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.9 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.1 4.5 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.1 3.7 4.2 4.0

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.8 3.5 2.8 2.4 2.9 3.1 2.0 2.6 2.8

Retail trade................................... 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 2.8 4.2 4.8 3.8 4.5 4.2 3.4 4.0 3.8

Information1

..................................... 3.1 5.1 4.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.6 3.0

Financial activities.............................. 3.9 4.4 4.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 4.1 4.1 4.4 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.4 5.4 3.8 3.0 2.9 3.5 1.8 2.6 2.8

Professional and business services......... 4.5 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.7 4.9 5.6 5.4 4.8

Education and health services............... 4.5 5.0 5.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.0

Educational services1

....................... 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.8

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.8 5.4 5.5 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.1 5.8 5.7 6.4 6.8 6.4 6.1 6.7 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.2 3.4 3.7 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.1 6.6 7.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.4 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.1

Other services1

................................. 3.9 4.8 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.9 2.8 3.5 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Government....................................... 2.2 2.7 2.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 2.5 3.7 3.1 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2

State and local................................. 2.2 2.6 2.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.9 3.3 3.3 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, and federal government data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,931 7,077 7,293 6,960 7,131 6,888 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,427 6,384 6,595 6,340 6,503 6,266 4.2 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.7

Mining and logging3....................... 19 33 36 34 31 26 2.7 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.3

Construction3

............................... 225 275 317 272 323 278 3.1 3.7 4.2 3.6 4.2 3.7

Manufacturing.............................. 391 496 508 485 504 493 3.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7

Durable goods3

.......................... 248 289 304 307 318 324 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9

Nondurable goods3

...................... 143 207 204 178 187 169 2.9 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,187 1,333 1,267 1,282 1,322 1,275 4.1 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 168 261 221 230 216 177 2.8 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.5 2.8

Retail trade............................... 853 773 760 772 848 800 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.1 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 166 300 287 280 258 298 2.8 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.8

Information3................................. 88 146 149 104 150 133 3.1 5.0 5.1 3.6 5.1 4.6

Financial activities......................... 349 396 450 345 400 380 3.9 4.4 5.0 3.9 4.4 4.2

Finance and insurance................. 271 309 354 264 271 290 4.1 4.6 5.3 4.0 4.1 4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 77 88 96 81 129 90 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.4 5.4 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 976 1,244 1,374 1,248 1,227 1,176 4.5 5.6 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.3

Education and health services........... 1,095 1,247 1,275 1,278 1,240 1,272 4.5 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1

Educational services3

................... 100 120 123 83 102 112 2.6 3.1 3.2 2.2 2.7 2.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 995 1,127 1,152 1,195 1,138 1,160 4.8 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 865 993 996 1,058 1,008 1,003 5.1 5.7 5.7 6.1 5.8 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 77 93 94 95 85 91 3.2 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 789 900 901 963 923 911 5.4 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.2 6.1

Other services3

............................. 234 220 223 234 296 230 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.8 3.8

Government................................... 504 693 698 620 628 622 2.2 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.7

Federal3

..................................... 71 96 108 89 107 89 2.5 3.3 3.7 3.1 3.7 3.1

State and local............................. 432 597 591 531 521 533 2.2 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7

State and local education.............. 157 213 206 200 205 217 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 275 383 384 331 316 316 2.9 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 973 1,201 1,177 1,191 1,174 1,164 3.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0

South........................................... 2,137 2,565 2,765 2,506 2,566 2,588 3.8 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.5

Midwest........................................ 1,473 1,707 1,707 1,657 1,765 1,707 4.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.9

West............................................ 1,347 1,604 1,644 1,605 1,626 1,430 3.8 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.0

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,505 5,713 5,906 5,696 5,928 5,710 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,151 5,366 5,551 5,358 5,578 5,342 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 34 38 43 44 33 32 4.8 5.2 5.7 5.9 4.4 4.2

Construction................................ 357 373 366 369 361 379 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.2

Manufacturing.............................. 344 392 368 322 386 378 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.5 3.0 2.9

Durable goods........................... 197 231 205 184 229 208 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.9 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 146 161 163 138 157 169 3.1 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.3 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,058 1,142 1,218 1,167 1,219 1,152 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.1

Wholesale trade......................... 142 134 164 137 173 187 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.9 3.1

Retail trade............................... 698 790 818 806 777 711 4.4 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 218 218 236 224 270 253 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.5 4.2

Information.................................. 79 76 77 78 84 83 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0

Financial activities......................... 192 215 221 225 195 213 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 125 136 141 148 128 134 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 67 79 80 77 67 79 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,156 1,180 1,253 1,180 1,214 1,047 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.7 4.9

Education and health services........... 691 701 715 692 751 768 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.2

Educational services.................... 107 104 92 92 99 102 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 584 598 623 601 652 666 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,038 1,065 1,059 1,079 1,119 1,060 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 168 146 173 171 175 172 7.2 6.2 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 870 918 886 908 943 887 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.3

Other services.............................. 204 184 231 201 217 231 3.5 3.1 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.9

Government................................... 354 347 355 338 350 368 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 30 33 32 38 35 43 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6

State and local............................. 324 314 322 300 315 324 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

State and local education.............. 162 157 173 159 161 175 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 162 157 149 141 154 149 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 807 936 880 803 835 867 3.0 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.1

South........................................... 2,260 2,305 2,400 2,388 2,527 2,336 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,165 1,271 1,296 1,309 1,276 1,261 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8

West............................................ 1,272 1,201 1,330 1,196 1,290 1,246 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,253 5,596 5,779 5,641 5,621 5,507 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,897 5,242 5,422 5,306 5,267 5,141 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 29 33 35 34 30 33 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.0 4.4

Construction................................ 330 337 334 343 326 383 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.5 5.2

Manufacturing.............................. 325 358 343 315 350 364 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.8

Durable goods........................... 177 195 188 179 205 207 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 148 162 154 136 145 157 3.1 3.4 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,015 1,130 1,206 1,192 1,172 1,125 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 121 125 151 137 155 170 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.8

Retail trade............................... 696 806 837 848 776 730 4.4 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.9 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 198 200 218 207 241 225 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.8

Information.................................. 73 79 83 81 73 82 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.6 3.0

Financial activities......................... 173 225 231 209 181 196 2.0 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 133 145 143 143 121 133 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.9 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 40 80 88 66 60 63 1.8 3.6 3.9 2.9 2.6 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,158 1,118 1,194 1,161 1,138 1,016 5.6 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.4 4.8

Education and health services........... 637 664 665 646 694 724 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.0

Educational services.................... 85 97 88 89 95 104 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 552 566 577 557 599 620 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 992 1,058 1,072 1,097 1,098 1,017 6.1 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 165 138 177 164 159 166 7.1 5.9 7.5 7.0 6.6 7.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 827 920 895 933 939 851 6.0 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.7 6.1

Other services.............................. 166 240 260 228 206 200 2.8 4.1 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.4

Government................................... 356 354 357 335 353 366 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 38 34 33 34 31 34 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

State and local............................. 318 320 324 301 322 332 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7

State and local education.............. 156 160 172 157 177 179 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 162 160 152 144 145 153 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 830 773 856 841 760 747 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.7

South........................................... 2,169 2,311 2,356 2,378 2,282 2,299 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,096 1,257 1,257 1,255 1,348 1,293 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.9

West............................................ 1,159 1,256 1,310 1,167 1,229 1,168 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total............................................... 3,195 3,608 3,648 3,564 3,519 3,407 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,011 3,422 3,480 3,391 3,338 3,216 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5

Mining and logging......................... 15 21 21 21 19 19 2.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6

Construction................................ 148 178 165 164 166 189 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.6

Manufacturing.............................. 196 217 212 198 205 226 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8

Durable goods........................... 108 120 119 108 113 124 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5

Nondurable goods....................... 88 96 93 90 92 102 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 629 730 759 761 735 707 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5

Wholesale trade......................... 84 78 108 85 81 89 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5

Retail trade............................... 432 535 529 569 528 490 2.7 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 113 117 122 106 125 128 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1

Information.................................. 46 49 49 47 50 56 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0

Financial activities......................... 115 141 155 126 110 98 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1

Finance and insurance................. 93 77 89 75 63 64 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 22 64 66 50 47 34 1.0 2.8 2.9 2.2 2.0 1.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 712 709 696 704 661 577 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.7

Education and health services........... 427 449 469 431 497 518 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.2

Educational services.................... 50 45 35 47 58 52 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 377 404 434 384 439 466 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 652 765 777 780 769 699 4.0 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 64 76 84 85 78 69 2.7 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.3 2.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 588 689 693 695 691 629 4.3 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.5

Other services3

............................. 71 163 177 159 127 126 1.2 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.2 2.1

Government................................... 184 187 168 174 180 191 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

Federal...................................... 18 14 13 16 16 16 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 166 172 155 158 164 175 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

State and local education.............. 84 91 85 83 89 91 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 82 82 70 75 75 84 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 438 442 448 459 403 376 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4

South........................................... 1,337 1,504 1,500 1,533 1,503 1,452 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7

Midwest........................................ 685 824 856 799 815 792 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.4

West............................................ 735 838 845 773 798 787 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total............................................... 1,734 1,622 1,790 1,707 1,761 1,769 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,627 1,520 1,666 1,609 1,647 1,658 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging3....................... 13 11 13 11 9 12 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.6

Construction................................ 174 151 159 169 145 187 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.6

Manufacturing.............................. 106 120 112 95 127 118 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9

Durable goods........................... 54 60 60 59 80 70 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9

Nondurable goods....................... 52 60 52 36 47 48 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 310 329 384 374 367 342 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2

Wholesale trade3

........................ 31 34 38 44 59 56 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.9

Retail trade............................... 207 230 264 242 205 196 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 72 66 82 89 102 90 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5

Information.................................. 21 24 27 28 20 19 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7

Financial activities......................... 44 57 55 59 47 66 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8

Finance and insurance................. 27 43 40 44 34 43 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 17 15 15 14 13 24 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 387 326 443 376 402 385 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8

Education and health services........... 168 167 141 154 162 177 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 33 42 45 33 33 50 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 136 125 96 121 129 127 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 318 263 265 278 300 283 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 96 60 87 72 78 90 4.1 2.6 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 221 202 177 206 222 193 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4

Other services.............................. 86 72 67 65 69 69 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

Government................................... 107 102 125 98 113 111 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 12 7 7 6 6 5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local............................. 95 95 118 92 107 106 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local education.............. 47 44 60 51 60 61 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 48 51 57 41 47 45 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 331 277 322 308 297 289 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0

South........................................... 709 685 731 714 674 717 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

Midwest........................................ 345 347 348 375 449 439 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3

West............................................ 350 314 389 311 341 324 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total............................................... 325 365 341 369 341 332 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 260 300 277 307 281 267 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 1 3 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2

Construction3

............................... 8 8 10 10 15 7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 24 22 19 22 18 21 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods........................... 15 15 9 12 12 13 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 9 7 10 10 6 7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 77 71 64 57 70 76 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 6 14 6 7 15 25 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4

Retail trade............................... 57 41 44 37 43 44 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 13 17 14 12 13 7 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Information3................................. 6 5 7 6 3 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Financial activities......................... 14 27 21 25 24 32 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 13 25 14 23 23 27 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 1 1 7 2 1 5 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 58 84 54 80 75 53 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Education and health services........... 41 48 54 60 35 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Educational services3

................... 2 10 8 8 3 2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 39 38 47 52 31 27 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 22 30 31 40 29 36 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 5 1 5 8 2 7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3

Accommodation and food services3... 17 28 25 32 27 29 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 9 5 16 5 10 5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Government................................... 65 65 64 63 60 64 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 8 13 13 12 9 13 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4

State and local............................. 57 53 51 51 50 52 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 24 25 26 24 28 27 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 33 27 25 27 23 25 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 61 54 86 74 60 83 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 124 122 125 131 106 129 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 66 86 53 81 85 62 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

West............................................ 74 103 77 83 90 57 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,671 7,360 6,540 3.7 4.7 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,176 6,741 5,924 3.9 5.0 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 19 31 26 2.6 3.9 3.3

Construction....................................................... 225 323 278 3.1 4.1 3.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 391 504 493 3.0 3.8 3.7

Durable goods.................................................. 248 318 324 3.1 3.8 3.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 143 187 169 2.9 3.7 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,140 1,409 1,219 3.9 4.8 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 168 216 177 2.7 3.5 2.8

Retail trade..................................................... 806 935 744 4.7 5.6 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 166 258 298 2.7 4.1 4.7

Information........................................................ 88 150 133 3.0 5.1 4.6

Financial activities................................................ 334 405 368 3.8 4.5 4.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 257 277 278 3.9 4.2 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 77 129 90 3.4 5.3 3.8

Professional and business services............................ 923 1,302 1,071 4.2 5.7 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 1,040 1,293 1,193 4.2 5.1 4.7

Educational services.......................................... 100 102 112 2.5 2.6 2.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 940 1,191 1,081 4.6 5.6 5.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 782 1,025 912 4.7 5.9 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 64 85 76 2.8 3.5 3.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 718 940 836 5.0 6.3 5.7

Other services.................................................... 234 296 230 3.9 4.8 3.8

Government.......................................................... 495 619 617 2.1 2.6 2.6

Federal............................................................. 71 107 89 2.5 3.7 3.1

State and local.................................................... 424 512 528 2.1 2.5 2.6

State and local education..................................... 149 196 211 1.3 1.8 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 275 316 316 2.9 3.4 3.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 919 1,214 1,096 3.2 4.2 3.8

South................................................................. 2,022 2,601 2,452 3.6 4.5 4.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,460 1,824 1,678 4.3 5.2 4.8

West.................................................................. 1,269 1,721 1,315 3.6 4.7 3.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,053 6,416 5,221 3.4 4.3 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,782 6,083 4,935 3.8 4.8 3.8

Mining and logging............................................... 31 35 27 4.4 4.6 3.6

Construction....................................................... 263 367 282 3.7 4.9 3.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 278 393 305 2.2 3.1 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 162 222 170 2.1 2.8 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 116 171 135 2.4 3.6 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,343 1,513 1,419 4.8 5.4 5.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 106 191 145 1.8 3.2 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 914 999 906 5.6 6.3 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 323 323 367 5.5 5.4 6.0

Information........................................................ 75 99 79 2.7 3.6 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 164 205 184 1.9 2.4 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 107 132 115 1.7 2.1 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 57 73 70 2.6 3.2 3.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,039 1,285 916 5.0 6.0 4.3

Education and health services.................................. 561 853 651 2.4 3.6 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 66 93 67 1.7 2.4 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 495 760 584 2.5 3.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 869 1,126 880 5.5 6.9 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 116 161 118 5.3 6.8 5.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 753 965 761 5.5 6.9 5.5

Other services.................................................... 159 207 191 2.7 3.5 3.3

Government.......................................................... 272 333 286 1.2 1.5 1.3

Federal............................................................. 30 36 43 1.1 1.3 1.5

State and local.................................................... 242 297 243 1.2 1.5 1.2

State and local education..................................... 110 159 125 1.0 1.5 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 132 138 119 1.5 1.5 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 717 878 770 2.6 3.2 2.8

South................................................................. 2,068 2,744 2,150 3.8 5.0 3.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,068 1,366 1,134 3.2 4.1 3.4

West.................................................................. 1,201 1,428 1,167 3.5 4.1 3.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 4,627 5,740 4,838 3.1 3.8 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,380 5,447 4,588 3.5 4.3 3.6

Mining and logging............................................... 27 31 29 3.8 4.1 3.8

Construction....................................................... 323 348 383 4.5 4.6 5.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 274 359 309 2.2 2.8 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 140 203 167 1.8 2.5 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 133 156 142 2.8 3.3 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 892 1,147 985 3.2 4.1 3.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 102 166 144 1.7 2.8 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 615 746 641 3.8 4.7 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 175 234 200 3.0 3.9 3.3

Information........................................................ 64 71 70 2.3 2.6 2.5

Financial activities................................................ 144 176 172 1.7 2.0 2.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 107 115 112 1.7 1.8 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 38 61 60 1.7 2.7 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,068 1,160 922 5.1 5.4 4.3

Education and health services.................................. 509 693 583 2.2 2.9 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 47 69 57 1.2 1.8 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 463 624 526 2.3 3.1 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 921 1,248 941 5.8 7.6 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 179 213 179 8.3 9.0 8.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 742 1,035 762 5.4 7.4 5.5

Other services.................................................... 158 214 195 2.7 3.6 3.3

Government.......................................................... 246 292 250 1.1 1.3 1.1

Federal............................................................. 35 35 32 1.3 1.2 1.1

State and local.................................................... 211 258 219 1.1 1.3 1.1

State and local education..................................... 76 111 89 0.7 1.0 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 136 147 130 1.5 1.6 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 752 733 660 2.7 2.6 2.4

South................................................................. 1,851 2,332 1,969 3.4 4.2 3.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,000 1,403 1,189 3.0 4.2 3.6

West.................................................................. 1,025 1,273 1,020 3.0 3.7 2.9

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 2,707 3,628 2,885 1.8 2.4 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,578 3,478 2,748 2.0 2.7 2.1

Mining and logging............................................... 13 20 15 1.8 2.6 2.0

Construction....................................................... 109 178 150 1.5 2.4 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 144 211 171 1.2 1.7 1.3

Durable goods.................................................. 78 115 91 1.0 1.4 1.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 66 97 80 1.4 2.0 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 543 777 613 1.9 2.8 2.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 67 93 72 1.1 1.5 1.2

Retail trade..................................................... 370 544 420 2.3 3.4 2.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 106 140 121 1.8 2.3 2.0

Information........................................................ 37 50 48 1.3 1.8 1.7

Financial activities................................................ 93 112 84 1.1 1.3 1.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 71 65 50 1.1 1.0 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 22 47 34 1.0 2.0 1.5

Professional and business services............................ 661 694 519 3.2 3.2 2.4

Education and health services.................................. 338 512 421 1.4 2.1 1.7

Educational services.......................................... 31 47 33 0.8 1.2 0.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 308 465 388 1.6 2.3 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 568 798 600 3.6 4.9 3.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 46 79 48 2.1 3.4 2.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 522 719 552 3.8 5.1 4.0

Other services.................................................... 71 127 126 1.2 2.2 2.1

Government.......................................................... 130 150 137 0.6 0.7 0.6

Federal............................................................. 16 17 15 0.6 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 114 133 122 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local education..................................... 50 63 55 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 64 70 67 0.7 0.8 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 388 394 316 1.4 1.4 1.1

South................................................................. 1,115 1,548 1,216 2.1 2.8 2.2

Midwest............................................................... 583 856 682 1.8 2.6 2.0

West.................................................................. 621 830 670 1.8 2.4 1.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 1,639 1,795 1,674 1.1 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,563 1,695 1,600 1.2 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 13 9 12 1.8 1.1 1.6

Construction....................................................... 206 156 225 2.9 2.1 3.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 110 129 122 0.9 1.0 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 52 76 67 0.7 1.0 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 59 53 55 1.2 1.1 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 284 309 311 1.0 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 31 59 56 0.5 1.0 0.9

Retail trade..................................................... 198 168 184 1.2 1.1 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 56 82 71 0.9 1.4 1.2

Information........................................................ 21 19 15 0.8 0.7 0.5

Financial activities................................................ 38 43 55 0.4 0.5 0.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 23 29 35 0.4 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 15 14 20 0.7 0.6 0.9

Professional and business services............................ 351 385 357 1.7 1.8 1.7

Education and health services.................................. 130 147 133 0.6 0.6 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 14 19 22 0.4 0.5 0.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 116 128 111 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 331 421 306 2.1 2.6 1.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 128 131 124 5.9 5.6 5.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 203 290 181 1.5 2.1 1.3

Other services.................................................... 78 77 64 1.3 1.3 1.1

Government.......................................................... 76 101 74 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal............................................................. 13 9 7 0.5 0.3 0.2

State and local.................................................... 63 92 67 0.3 0.5 0.3

State and local education..................................... 16 33 23 0.1 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 47 59 44 0.5 0.6 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 319 279 276 1.2 1.0 1.0

South................................................................. 617 690 630 1.1 1.3 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 363 468 463 1.1 1.4 1.4

West.................................................................. 341 358 305 1.0 1.0 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Nov.

2017

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 281 317 280 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 240 275 240 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 3 1 0.2 0.4 0.2

Construction....................................................... 8 15 7 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 19 18 17 0.2 0.1 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 10 12 9 0.1 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 9 6 7 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 65 61 61 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 4 14 16 0.1 0.2 0.3

Retail trade..................................................... 47 34 37 0.3 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 13 13 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Information........................................................ 6 3 7 0.2 0.1 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 13 22 32 0.2 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 13 21 27 0.2 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 1 1 5 0.0 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 55 81 46 0.3 0.4 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 41 35 29 0.2 0.1 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 2 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 39 31 27 0.2 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 22 29 36 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 5 2 7 0.2 0.1 0.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 17 27 29 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 9 10 5 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government.......................................................... 41 42 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 7 9 10 0.2 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 34 33 30 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local education..................................... 9 14 11 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 25 19 19 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 45 60 67 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 119 93 123 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 54 79 45 0.2 0.2 0.1

West.................................................................. 64 85 45 0.2 0.2 0.1

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.