For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 9, 2017 USDL-17-0590

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.7 million on the last business day of March, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little changed 

at 5.3 million and 5.1 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits and the layoffs and discharges 

rates were unchanged at 2.1 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 

geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of March, there were 5.7 million job openings, little changed from February. 

The job openings rate was 3.8 percent in March. The number of job openings was little changed for total 

private and edged up for government. Job openings increased in professional and business services 

(+126,000), other services (+55,000), and state and local government education (+27,000). Job openings 

decreased in educational services (-43,000) and mining and logging (-8,000). The number of job 

openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was essentially unchanged at 5.3 million in March. The hires rate was 3.6 percent. 

The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in health 

care and social assistance (+49,000), but decreased in mining and logging (-8,000). The number of hires 

was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.1 million total separations in March, little changed from February. The total separations 

rate in March was 3.5 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and

decreased for government (-38,000). Total separations increased in health care and social assistance

(+67,000) and educational services (+29,000), but decreased in state and local government education

(-39,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.1 million in March. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in health care 

and social assistance (+52,000), but decreased in information (-12,000). In the regions, the number of 

quits increased in the West. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in March, little changed from February. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent in March. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for

total private and decreased for government (-33,000). The layoffs and discharges level increased in real 

estate and rental and leasing (+18,000) and educational services (+18,000). The layoffs and discharges 

level decreased in state and local government education (-31,000). The number of layoffs and discharges

was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

In March, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. Other separations increased in educational services (+5,000), but decreased in state and 

local government education (-7,000). In the regions, the number of other separations decreased in the 

West. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 62.9 million and 

separations totaled 60.5 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.3 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2017 are scheduled to be released 

on Tuesday, June 6, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,852 5,682 5,743 5,297 5,249 5,260 5,040 5,008 5,088

Total private....................................... 5,338 5,179 5,207 4,919 4,905 4,928 4,709 4,662 4,779

Mining and logging1............................ 8 20 12 24 39 31 48 32 26

Construction1................................... 209 181 172 357 367 372 323 339 373

Manufacturing.................................. 342 364 394 262 296 322 287 280 318

Durable goods1.............................. 175 209 229 153 154 173 174 155 171

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 167 155 165 109 142 149 113 125 148

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 974 928 931 1,084 1,090 1,047 1,034 1,056 1,057

Wholesale trade1............................ 178 175 184 159 139 128 150 135 131

Retail trade................................... 603 579 568 748 757 724 717 749 750

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 192 174 178 177 194 195 167 171 177

Information1

..................................... 76 75 78 74 76 76 66 79 73

Financial activities.............................. 313 360 337 222 190 211 187 182 195

Finance and insurance..................... 246 285 266 136 122 135 114 127 119

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 67 75 71 85 68 76 73 55 77

Professional and business services......... 1,287 976 1,102 1,075 1,044 989 1,056 999 938

Education and health services............... 1,047 1,241 1,145 639 622 685 586 548 643

Educational services1

....................... 85 126 83 97 81 95 83 59 88

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 962 1,115 1,062 542 541 590 502 488 555

Leisure and hospitality........................ 812 784 729 1,005 981 1,000 968 968 975

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 99 92 82 157 151 125 142 140 131

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 714 693 647 848 831 874 827 828 844

Other services1................................. 270 250 305 177 199 196 151 179 180

Government....................................... 514 503 537 378 344 331 331 347 309

Federal1

......................................... 94 83 83 41 35 34 37 35 34

State and local................................. 421 420 454 337 308 297 294 312 275

State and local education.................. 156 140 167 174 151 144 155 168 129

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 265 280 287 163 157 153 139 144 146

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5

Total private....................................... 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.2 2.9 1.7 3.5 5.7 4.4 7.0 4.7 3.8

Construction1

................................... 3.0 2.6 2.4 5.3 5.3 5.4 4.8 4.9 5.4

Manufacturing.................................. 2.7 2.9 3.1 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.6

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.5 3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.7 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.5 3.3 3.3 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.2

Retail trade................................... 3.7 3.5 3.5 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.2

Information1

..................................... 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.7

Financial activities.............................. 3.7 4.1 3.9 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 4.4 4.1 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.1 3.3 3.1 4.0 3.1 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.5

Professional and business services......... 6.1 4.5 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.8 5.3 4.9 4.6

Education and health services............... 4.5 5.1 4.8 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.8

Educational services1

....................... 2.3 3.4 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.4 1.6 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.8 5.5 5.2 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.0 4.7 4.4 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.2 3.9 3.5 7.0 6.7 5.6 6.4 6.2 5.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.1 4.9 4.6 6.4 6.1 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.2

Other services1

................................. 4.5 4.2 5.1 3.1 3.5 3.4 2.7 3.1 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Government....................................... 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4

Federal1

......................................... 3.3 2.9 2.9 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local................................. 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.8 3.0 3.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,852 5,631 5,539 5,625 5,682 5,743 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,338 5,056 5,065 5,133 5,179 5,207 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging3

....................... 8 16 17 25 20 12 1.2 2.4 2.5 3.5 2.9 1.7

Construction3............................... 209 178 140 142 181 172 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 342 319 342 361 364 394 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1

Durable goods3

.......................... 175 186 194 206 209 229 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.9

Nondurable goods3

...................... 167 133 148 155 155 165 3.5 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 974 1,017 1,014 959 928 931 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 178 203 182 201 175 184 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.3 2.9 3.0

Retail trade............................... 603 636 650 581 579 568 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 192 178 182 177 174 178 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1

Information3................................. 76 73 81 73 75 78 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.8

Financial activities......................... 313 324 357 388 360 337 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.1 3.9

Finance and insurance................. 246 263 272 248 285 266 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.4 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 67 61 85 140 75 71 3.1 2.7 3.8 6.0 3.3 3.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,287 1,047 989 1,056 976 1,102 6.1 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.5 5.1

Education and health services........... 1,047 1,135 1,158 1,158 1,241 1,145 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.8 5.1 4.8

Educational services3

................... 85 86 93 93 126 83 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 3.4 2.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 962 1,048 1,065 1,065 1,115 1,062 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 812 756 730 729 784 729 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 99 96 89 83 92 82 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 714 660 640 646 693 647 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.6

Other services3

............................. 270 192 236 241 250 305 4.5 3.2 4.0 4.0 4.2 5.1

Government................................... 514 575 474 492 503 537 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3

Federal3

..................................... 94 82 110 82 83 83 3.3 2.8 3.8 2.8 2.9 2.9

State and local............................. 421 494 364 410 420 454 2.1 2.5 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.3

State and local education.............. 156 150 143 161 140 167 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.6

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 265 344 220 249 280 287 2.8 3.6 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.1

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 886 942 967 998 1,102 1,039 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.7

South........................................... 2,278 2,079 2,008 2,024 2,060 2,104 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,330 1,263 1,253 1,324 1,285 1,349 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.0

West............................................ 1,359 1,347 1,312 1,279 1,236 1,251 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,297 5,263 5,303 5,424 5,249 5,260 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,919 4,912 4,984 5,067 4,905 4,928 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 24 30 22 30 39 31 3.5 4.5 3.2 4.4 5.7 4.4

Construction................................ 357 337 400 387 367 372 5.3 5.0 5.9 5.7 5.3 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 262 284 293 304 296 322 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6

Durable goods........................... 153 169 171 165 154 173 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 109 115 122 139 142 149 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,084 1,016 1,009 1,023 1,090 1,047 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.8

Wholesale trade......................... 159 135 130 140 139 128 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.2

Retail trade............................... 748 666 672 682 757 724 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.8 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 177 215 208 201 194 195 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5

Information.................................. 74 71 79 80 76 76 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8

Financial activities......................... 222 175 190 220 190 211 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 136 114 126 150 122 135 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 85 61 64 70 68 76 4.0 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,075 1,082 1,140 1,128 1,044 989 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.5 5.1 4.8

Education and health services........... 639 652 642 646 622 685 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0

Educational services.................... 97 81 78 79 81 95 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 542 571 564 567 541 590 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,005 1,056 1,031 1,015 981 1,000 6.5 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 157 151 162 146 151 125 7.0 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.7 5.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 848 904 869 869 831 874 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.4

Other services.............................. 177 210 178 233 199 196 3.1 3.7 3.1 4.1 3.5 3.4

Government................................... 378 351 319 357 344 331 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 41 40 45 46 35 34 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2

State and local............................. 337 311 275 312 308 297 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 174 142 137 159 151 144 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 163 169 137 153 157 153 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 828 835 849 898 864 873 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2

South........................................... 2,088 2,021 2,074 2,091 2,105 2,039 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,221 1,192 1,176 1,162 1,123 1,112 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4

West............................................ 1,160 1,214 1,205 1,273 1,157 1,235 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,040 5,075 5,084 5,247 5,008 5,088 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,709 4,720 4,754 4,908 4,662 4,779 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 48 25 22 32 32 26 7.0 3.7 3.3 4.8 4.7 3.8

Construction................................ 323 323 369 361 339 373 4.8 4.8 5.4 5.3 4.9 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 287 286 287 304 280 318 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6

Durable goods........................... 174 165 163 163 155 171 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 113 121 124 141 125 148 2.4 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,034 1,018 958 1,012 1,056 1,057 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 150 129 142 150 135 131 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2

Retail trade............................... 717 698 631 670 749 750 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 167 191 185 192 171 177 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.2

Information.................................. 66 73 82 87 79 73 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.7

Financial activities......................... 187 160 162 198 182 195 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 114 120 107 133 127 119 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 73 40 55 65 55 77 3.5 1.9 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,056 1,069 1,132 1,068 999 938 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.6

Education and health services........... 586 610 596 639 548 643 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.8

Educational services.................... 83 72 73 82 59 88 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.6 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 502 539 522 557 488 555 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 968 986 974 987 968 975 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 142 144 156 135 140 131 6.4 6.4 7.0 6.0 6.2 5.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 827 842 817 852 828 844 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.2

Other services.............................. 151 170 172 219 179 180 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.8 3.1 3.1

Government................................... 331 355 330 339 347 309 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4

Federal...................................... 37 43 41 38 35 34 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2

State and local............................. 294 313 289 301 312 275 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4

State and local education.............. 155 155 133 151 168 129 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 139 158 156 149 144 146 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 798 848 812 840 866 834 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1

South........................................... 1,884 1,947 1,966 1,991 1,971 1,959 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,236 1,113 1,128 1,177 1,057 1,123 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.5

West............................................ 1,122 1,166 1,178 1,239 1,114 1,172 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.3 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total............................................... 2,932 3,080 3,085 3,186 3,036 3,116 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,766 2,909 2,915 3,011 2,865 2,944 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4

Mining and logging......................... 15 13 12 13 17 14 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.0

Construction................................ 145 150 134 151 162 169 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 142 164 165 177 184 190 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5

Durable goods........................... 79 93 89 96 97 94 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Nondurable goods....................... 63 71 75 82 88 96 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 668 655 623 657 672 685 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5

Wholesale trade......................... 94 87 94 103 71 74 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.2

Retail trade............................... 490 460 432 469 492 503 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 84 108 97 85 109 108 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.9

Information.................................. 38 35 49 42 48 36 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.3

Financial activities......................... 95 85 78 123 85 101 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.2

Finance and insurance................. 51 66 59 80 57 69 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 44 19 19 43 28 32 2.1 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.3 1.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 564 635 672 625 569 567 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.8

Education and health services........... 382 395 409 438 371 429 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.9

Educational services.................... 41 44 41 45 41 47 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 342 351 367 394 330 382 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 644 693 688 662 660 677 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 60 77 73 70 76 79 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 584 616 615 593 584 599 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.4

Other services3

............................. 73 83 86 123 97 76 1.3 1.5 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.3

Government................................... 165 171 170 175 171 172 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 13 17 15 15 16 14 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local............................. 152 154 155 161 155 158 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 73 80 70 75 74 73 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 80 73 85 86 81 85 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 401 475 440 430 426 436 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,173 1,207 1,250 1,248 1,267 1,241 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

Midwest........................................ 648 695 664 719 694 697 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1

West............................................ 709 703 730 789 649 741 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total............................................... 1,726 1,660 1,624 1,659 1,594 1,615 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,622 1,539 1,525 1,555 1,483 1,538 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging3

....................... 29 8 6 16 12 11 4.2 1.2 0.9 2.4 1.7 1.6

Construction................................ 163 153 214 177 155 193 2.4 2.3 3.2 2.6 2.3 2.8

Manufacturing.............................. 115 99 100 103 73 105 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8

Durable goods........................... 75 57 57 55 43 65 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 41 42 43 48 30 40 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 265 293 247 289 309 295 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 43 32 36 39 49 45 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8

Retail trade............................... 157 188 142 155 210 198 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 65 73 69 94 50 51 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.7 0.9 0.9

Information.................................. 23 27 23 27 23 29 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.1

Financial activities......................... 62 53 61 50 68 68 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8

Finance and insurance................. 41 32 29 30 46 28 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 22 21 32 19 22 40 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 434 384 401 383 367 301 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.5

Education and health services........... 177 183 142 132 127 165 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

Educational services.................... 40 26 28 31 16 34 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 137 157 114 102 111 131 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 289 259 256 296 276 271 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 79 66 81 60 61 49 3.6 2.9 3.6 2.7 2.7 2.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 210 194 175 235 215 222 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6

Other services.............................. 64 79 75 83 73 99 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.7

Government................................... 103 121 99 104 111 78 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 13 13 13 10 10 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 91 108 86 91 101 68 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3

State and local education.............. 59 50 40 51 63 32 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 32 57 46 39 38 36 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 325 307 310 340 374 324 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2

South........................................... 561 608 566 573 566 581 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Midwest........................................ 493 355 387 383 294 350 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1

West............................................ 345 390 361 362 361 360 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total............................................... 382 334 375 402 378 357 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 320 272 314 342 314 298 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 5 4 4 3 4 2 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3

Construction3

............................... 16 19 20 32 22 11 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 30 23 23 24 24 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 20 16 17 13 16 12 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods3...................... 10 8 6 11 8 12 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 101 69 88 66 74 78 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 13 9 13 7 14 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 70 49 57 46 48 49 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 18 10 18 13 12 17 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information3................................. 5 11 10 18 8 8 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.3

Financial activities......................... 30 23 23 26 29 26 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 22 22 20 23 24 22 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 8 1 4 3 4 4 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 59 50 59 61 62 69 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 26 32 45 68 50 49 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Educational services3................... 2 2 4 7 2 7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 23 30 41 61 47 42 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 35 34 30 29 32 27 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 2 2 3 5 3 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 33 33 27 24 29 24 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 14 7 12 14 10 5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government................................... 62 63 62 60 64 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 12 13 10 9 10 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 50 51 49 49 56 50 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 23 24 23 25 31 24 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 27 27 26 24 24 25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 72 66 62 70 66 74 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 150 132 150 171 139 137 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 94 63 77 75 69 76 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 67 73 86 87 104 70 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,827 5,500 5,684 3.9 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,329 5,017 5,161 4.2 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 8 20 12 1.2 2.9 1.7

Construction....................................................... 209 181 172 3.2 2.7 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 342 364 394 2.7 2.9 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 175 209 229 2.2 2.6 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 167 155 165 3.5 3.2 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 973 865 911 3.5 3.1 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 178 175 184 3.0 2.9 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 603 516 548 3.7 3.2 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 192 174 178 3.4 3.1 3.1

Information........................................................ 76 75 78 2.7 2.7 2.8

Financial activities................................................ 303 334 323 3.6 3.9 3.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 236 259 252 3.7 4.0 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 67 75 71 3.1 3.4 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,271 925 1,098 6.1 4.4 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 1,018 1,203 1,096 4.3 5.0 4.5

Educational services.......................................... 85 126 83 2.2 3.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 933 1,077 1,013 4.7 5.3 5.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 861 800 770 5.4 5.0 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 108 85 85 5.0 4.1 4.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 753 715 685 5.4 5.2 4.9

Other services.................................................... 270 250 305 4.6 4.2 5.1

Government.......................................................... 497 484 523 2.2 2.1 2.3

Federal............................................................. 94 83 83 3.3 2.9 2.9

State and local.................................................... 403 401 440 2.0 2.0 2.2

State and local education..................................... 139 121 153 1.3 1.1 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 265 280 287 2.9 3.0 3.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 861 1,051 999 3.2 3.8 3.6

South................................................................. 2,264 2,019 2,087 4.2 3.7 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,353 1,241 1,375 4.1 3.7 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,349 1,189 1,222 4.0 3.5 3.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 4,974 4,349 4,952 3.5 3.0 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,687 4,096 4,701 3.9 3.4 3.8

Mining and logging............................................... 24 32 30 3.6 4.7 4.5

Construction....................................................... 354 317 364 5.5 4.9 5.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 250 261 313 2.0 2.1 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 151 138 173 2.0 1.8 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 99 123 140 2.2 2.7 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,043 851 1,006 3.9 3.2 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 165 123 132 2.8 2.1 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 732 591 718 4.7 3.8 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 146 136 157 2.7 2.5 2.8

Information........................................................ 64 61 66 2.3 2.2 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 205 152 203 2.5 1.8 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 126 101 127 2.1 1.6 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 80 50 76 3.8 2.4 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,030 931 933 5.2 4.6 4.6

Education and health services.................................. 551 521 603 2.4 2.3 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 59 64 60 1.6 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 492 457 543 2.6 2.4 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,008 793 1,007 6.7 5.2 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 149 100 116 7.2 4.9 5.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 859 693 890 6.6 5.3 6.7

Other services.................................................... 158 178 176 2.8 3.1 3.1

Government.......................................................... 287 254 251 1.3 1.1 1.1

Federal............................................................. 41 27 32 1.5 0.9 1.1

State and local.................................................... 246 227 220 1.2 1.1 1.1

State and local education..................................... 96 113 79 0.9 1.0 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 150 114 140 1.7 1.3 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 765 668 814 2.9 2.5 3.0

South................................................................. 1,989 1,834 1,936 3.8 3.5 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,155 882 1,052 3.6 2.7 3.3

West.................................................................. 1,066 965 1,151 3.3 2.9 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 4,408 4,075 4,475 3.1 2.8 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,178 3,864 4,258 3.5 3.2 3.5

Mining and logging............................................... 47 29 24 6.9 4.3 3.5

Construction....................................................... 277 277 326 4.3 4.3 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 264 238 302 2.1 1.9 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 162 134 161 2.1 1.7 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 102 105 141 2.2 2.3 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 905 897 933 3.4 3.3 3.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 149 118 128 2.6 2.0 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 609 651 650 3.9 4.2 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 147 128 155 2.7 2.3 2.8

Information........................................................ 62 66 70 2.2 2.4 2.5

Financial activities................................................ 182 146 185 2.2 1.7 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 114 96 119 1.9 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 68 49 67 3.2 2.3 3.1

Professional and business services............................ 983 881 858 5.0 4.4 4.2

Education and health services.................................. 518 447 584 2.3 1.9 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 51 32 59 1.4 0.8 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 467 415 525 2.5 2.1 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 811 721 821 5.4 4.8 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 109 78 100 5.3 3.9 4.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 702 643 721 5.4 4.9 5.4

Other services.................................................... 131 162 154 2.3 2.9 2.7

Government.......................................................... 230 211 217 1.0 0.9 1.0

Federal............................................................. 32 27 28 1.2 1.0 1.0

State and local.................................................... 198 184 189 1.0 0.9 0.9

State and local education..................................... 84 82 71 0.8 0.8 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 114 102 118 1.3 1.1 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 650 668 684 2.5 2.5 2.6

South................................................................. 1,710 1,639 1,772 3.3 3.1 3.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,041 855 966 3.3 2.7 3.0

West.................................................................. 1,006 913 1,053 3.1 2.8 3.2

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 2,632 2,499 2,806 1.8 1.7 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,504 2,379 2,673 2.1 2.0 2.2

Mining and logging............................................... 13 14 11 1.8 2.1 1.7

Construction....................................................... 127 128 150 2.0 2.0 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 133 153 183 1.1 1.2 1.5

Durable goods.................................................. 75 79 89 1.0 1.0 1.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 58 74 94 1.3 1.6 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 603 563 624 2.2 2.1 2.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 95 58 73 1.6 1.0 1.2

Retail trade..................................................... 431 419 448 2.8 2.7 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 78 87 103 1.4 1.6 1.9

Information........................................................ 34 42 33 1.2 1.5 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 95 71 103 1.2 0.9 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 51 43 70 0.8 0.7 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 44 28 32 2.1 1.3 1.5

Professional and business services............................ 524 493 517 2.7 2.4 2.5

Education and health services.................................. 346 309 393 1.5 1.3 1.7

Educational services.......................................... 28 23 33 0.8 0.6 0.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 318 286 359 1.7 1.5 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 557 509 583 3.7 3.4 3.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 44 48 60 2.1 2.4 2.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 513 460 523 3.9 3.5 3.9

Other services.................................................... 73 97 76 1.3 1.7 1.3

Government.......................................................... 128 120 133 0.6 0.5 0.6

Federal............................................................. 12 14 12 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 116 106 120 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local education..................................... 47 43 46 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 69 63 74 0.8 0.7 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 338 330 370 1.3 1.2 1.4

South................................................................. 1,076 1,063 1,137 2.1 2.0 2.2

Midwest............................................................... 566 562 610 1.8 1.8 1.9

West.................................................................. 653 543 689 2.0 1.6 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 1,439 1,237 1,349 1.0 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,381 1,186 1,307 1.1 1.0 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 29 12 11 4.2 1.7 1.6

Construction....................................................... 134 127 165 2.1 2.0 2.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 101 64 96 0.8 0.5 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 66 41 61 0.9 0.5 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 35 23 35 0.8 0.5 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 217 264 244 0.8 1.0 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 43 49 45 0.7 0.8 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 123 186 163 0.8 1.2 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 51 30 35 0.9 0.5 0.6

Information........................................................ 22 17 28 0.8 0.6 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 63 52 62 0.8 0.6 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 48 36 32 0.8 0.6 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 16 17 30 0.8 0.8 1.4

Professional and business services............................ 406 327 273 2.1 1.6 1.3

Education and health services.................................. 146 88 143 0.6 0.4 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 21 6 19 0.6 0.2 0.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 125 82 124 0.7 0.4 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 219 180 211 1.4 1.2 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 63 27 38 3.1 1.3 1.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 156 153 174 1.2 1.2 1.3

Other services.................................................... 44 56 74 0.8 1.0 1.3

Government.......................................................... 57 50 42 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 11 6 8 0.4 0.2 0.3

State and local.................................................... 47 44 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 26 25 14 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 20 19 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 248 274 244 0.9 1.0 0.9

South................................................................. 511 452 522 1.0 0.9 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 394 233 288 1.2 0.7 0.9

West.................................................................. 287 277 295 0.9 0.8 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Mar.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 337 339 320 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 292 299 278 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 6 3 2 0.9 0.4 0.3

Construction....................................................... 16 22 11 0.2 0.3 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 30 21 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 20 14 11 0.3 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 10 8 12 0.2 0.2 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 84 69 66 0.3 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 11 11 9 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 56 47 39 0.4 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 18 12 17 0.3 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 5 8 8 0.2 0.3 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 23 22 21 0.3 0.3 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 16 18 16 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 8 4 4 0.4 0.2 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 54 61 68 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 26 50 49 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 2 2 7 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 23 47 42 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 35 32 27 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 3 3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 33 29 24 0.3 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 14 10 5 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government.......................................................... 45 41 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 7 8 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local.................................................... 35 34 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 11 14 11 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 24 20 23 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 64 63 70 0.2 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 125 124 113 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 81 59 69 0.3 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 67 93 69 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.