For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, January 12, 2021 USDL-21-0023 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2020 

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.5 million on the last business day of November, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.0 million while total 

separations increased to 5.4 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.2 percent 

while the layoffs and discharges rate increased to 1.4 percent. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

four geographic regions. 

Job Openings 

On the last business day of November, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 6.5 

million and 4.4 percent, respectively. Job openings decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-48,000), 

information (-45,000), and educational services (-21,000). The number of job openings was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 1.) 

Over the year, the number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed in November. Job 

openings decreased in a number of industries over the year with the largest decreases in accommodation 

and food services; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; and information. The job openings level 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on November 2020 JOLTS Data 

Data collection for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey was affected by the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic. More information is available at the end of this news release and at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-november-2020.htm. 
- 2 - 

increased in nondurable goods manufacturing and in other services. The number of job openings was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 7.) 

Hires 

In November, the number of hires was little changed at 6.0 million, and the hires rate was unchanged at 

4.2 percent. Hires increased in professional and business services (+175,000) and mining and logging 

(+13,000). Hires decreased in accommodation and food services (-73,000), other services (-67,000), and 

information (-43,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.) 

The number of hires in November (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year. Hires 

increased in professional and business services; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; and 

nondurable goods manufacturing. Hires decreased in accommodation and food services and in 

information. The number of hires increased in the South region. (See table 8.) 

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm. 

In November, the number of total separations increased to 5.4 million (+271,000). The total separations 

rate was little changed at 3.8 percent. Total separations increased in accommodation and food services 

(+326,000). The total separations level decreased in federal government (-70,000) and real estate and 

rental and leasing (-27,000). Total separations increased in the West region. (See table 3.) 

Over the year, the number of total separations (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed. Total 

separations increased in accommodation and food services and in federal government. Total separations 

decreased in retail trade and in arts, entertainment, and recreation. The number of total separations was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 9.) 

In November, the number of quits was little changed at 3.2 million, and the quits rate was unchanged at 

2.2 percent. Quits increased in accommodation and food services (+64,000). The quits level decreased in 

health care and social assistance (-52,000), real estate and rental and leasing (-17,000), and federal 

government (-6,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.) 

Over the year, the number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 2.7 million (-241,000). Quits 

declined in several industries, with the largest decreases in retail trade; arts, entertainment, and 

recreation; and finance and insurance. Quits increased in durable goods manufacturing and in federal 

government. The number of quits decreased in the West region. (See table 10.) 

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges increased to 2.0 million (+295,000) and 1.4 percent, 

respectively in November. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in accommodation and food 

services (+263,000), health care and social assistance (+42,000), and state and local government, 

excluding education (+21,000). Layoffs and discharges decreased in federal government (-54,000), but 

the overall level remained high due to the continued release of 2020 temporary Census workers in 

November. Layoffs and discharges increased in the West region. (See table 5.) 
- 3 -

Over the year, the layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) increased to 2.0 million 

(+201,000). Layoffs and discharges increased in accommodation and food services and in federal 

government. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation and 

in mining and logging. The number of layoffs and discharges increased over the year in the Midwest and 

West regions. (See table 11.) 

The number of other separations was little changed in November at 287,000. Other separations 

decreased in federal government (-10,000). The other separations level decreased in the South region. 

(See table 6.) 

Over the year, the other separations level (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 237,000 (-69,000). 

Other separations decreased in retail trade; other services; and state and local government, excluding 

education. The number of other separations decreased in the South region. (See table 12.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. 

Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 70.7 million and separations totaled 75.9 million, 

yielding a net employment loss of 5.2 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 

and separated more than once during the year. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2020 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, February 9, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET). 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on November 2020 

 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data 

Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 

percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 

respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to 

the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for 

November was 43 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent. 

BLS modified the JOLTS estimation methods in March through November to better reflect the impact of 

the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an alignment of 

monthly hires minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) employment estimates. For November estimates, as in earlier months, BLS suspended the 

alignment process. The differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period 

including the 12th of the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference 

month) led to different measurement outcomes. More information about the impact of the COVID-19 

pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is 

available at www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-november-2020.htm. 
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,793 6,632 6,527 5,857 5,912 5,979 5,657 5,142 5,413

Total private....................................... 6,070 5,936 5,858 5,485 5,578 5,639 5,307 4,674 5,009

Mining and logging1............................ 20 21 18 22 17 30 29 21 18

Construction1................................... 215 246 236 426 400 399 416 331 351

Manufacturing.................................. 401 531 498 357 376 397 318 350 340

Durable goods1.............................. 270 296 248 212 218 219 184 200 199

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 131 236 250 145 158 179 134 150 141

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,271 1,083 1,105 1,170 1,278 1,278 1,198 1,123 1,088

Wholesale trade............................. 188 180 171 156 135 148 147 131 139

Retail trade................................... 752 643 663 763 777 780 816 739 697

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 331 260 271 251 366 349 235 253 252

Information1

..................................... 136 122 77 90 103 60 79 56 67

Financial activities.............................. 348 291 281 236 227 236 213 193 173

Finance and insurance..................... 259 215 220 149 144 160 143 111 118

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 88 76 61 87 84 76 70 82 55

Professional and business services......... 1,217 1,220 1,274 1,157 1,116 1,291 1,131 1,011 1,039

Education and health services............... 1,311 1,373 1,315 730 735 753 663 647 656

Educational services1

....................... 146 122 101 107 91 99 89 80 89

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,165 1,250 1,214 623 644 654 574 567 567

Leisure and hospitality........................ 966 817 801 1,078 1,044 982 1,063 777 1,097

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 120 99 92 187 132 143 175 100 93

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 845 718 709 891 912 839 888 678 1,004

Other services.................................. 185 233 251 220 282 215 197 163 179

Government....................................... 723 696 669 371 334 339 350 469 405

Federal1

......................................... 117 94 97 51 50 52 41 202 132

State and local................................. 606 601 573 321 284 287 309 266 273

State and local education.................. 220 221 211 160 128 127 157 135 128

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 386 380 361 160 156 160 152 132 145

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.3 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.8

Total private....................................... 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.1 3.9 4.1

Mining and logging1

............................ 2.7 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.8 4.8 4.0 3.3 3.0

Construction1

................................... 2.8 3.2 3.1 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.5 4.5 4.8

Manufacturing.................................. 3.0 4.2 3.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.9 2.8

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.2 3.7 3.1 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.6

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.6 4.9 5.1 3.0 3.4 3.9 2.8 3.3 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.0

Wholesale trade............................. 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.5

Retail trade................................... 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 5.1 4.2 4.3 4.0 6.2 5.7 3.8 4.3 4.1

Information1

..................................... 4.5 4.5 2.9 3.1 3.9 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.6

Financial activities.............................. 3.8 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.0

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 3.2 3.3 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.6 3.3 2.7 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.7 2.5

Professional and business services......... 5.4 5.6 5.9 5.4 5.5 6.3 5.3 4.9 5.1

Education and health services............... 5.1 5.6 5.3 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.8 2.8

Educational services1

....................... 3.7 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.3 5.9 5.7 3.0 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.5 5.8 5.6 6.4 7.8 7.3 6.3 5.8 8.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.6 5.4 4.9 7.6 7.6 8.0 7.1 5.7 5.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.6 5.8 5.7 6.2 7.8 7.2 6.2 5.8 8.6

Other services.................................. 3.0 4.1 4.4 3.7 5.1 3.9 3.3 3.0 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Government....................................... 3.1 3.1 3.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.9

Federal1

......................................... 3.9 3.1 3.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.4 6.8 4.6

State and local................................. 3.0 3.1 3.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5

State and local education.................. 2.0 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 4.0 4.0 3.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

 Special technical note: This technical note 

describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly 

basis to develop estimates from JOLTS survey 

responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of 

the procedures described in this technical note have 

been modified. The modifications are briefly 

described in the box note in the news release and are 

described in more detail at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemicon-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm. 

 This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

 The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

 The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

 Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 
Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are 

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly. 

Estimation Method

 The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program. 

 Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements. 

 Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations. 

 Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust 

again. 

 Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

 Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 
annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established. 

 Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected. 

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm. 

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

Other information 

 Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total............................................... 6,793 6,697 6,352 6,494 6,632 6,527 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,070 5,879 5,636 5,795 5,936 5,858 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6

Mining and logging3

....................... 20 16 15 17 21 18 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.7 3.2 2.9

Construction3............................... 215 332 275 223 246 236 2.8 4.4 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.1

Manufacturing.............................. 401 430 469 492 531 498 3.0 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.9

Durable goods3

.......................... 270 228 249 267 296 248 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 131 202 220 225 236 250 2.6 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,271 1,181 1,130 1,142 1,083 1,105 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 188 179 187 180 180 171 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9

Retail trade............................... 752 773 705 671 643 663 4.6 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 331 228 238 291 260 271 5.1 3.8 3.9 4.7 4.2 4.3

Information3................................. 136 106 82 121 122 77 4.5 3.9 3.1 4.4 4.5 2.9

Financial activities......................... 348 291 284 301 291 281 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.1

Finance and insurance................. 259 219 222 240 215 220 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 88 72 61 61 76 61 3.6 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.3 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,217 1,178 1,195 1,268 1,220 1,274 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.9

Education and health services........... 1,311 1,288 1,182 1,215 1,373 1,315 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.6 5.3

Educational services3................... 146 111 108 106 122 101 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.4 2.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,165 1,177 1,074 1,110 1,250 1,214 5.3 5.7 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 966 770 761 772 817 801 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 120 94 83 86 99 92 4.6 5.6 4.9 4.8 5.4 4.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 845 676 678 686 718 709 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.7

Other services.............................. 185 288 242 243 233 251 3.0 5.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4

Government................................... 723 818 716 699 696 669 3.1 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0

Federal3

..................................... 117 281 123 95 94 97 3.9 8.8 3.7 2.9 3.1 3.2

State and local............................. 606 536 594 605 601 573 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

State and local education.............. 220 176 199 207 221 211 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 386 360 394 397 380 361 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,178 1,209 1,080 1,101 1,163 1,144 4.1 4.5 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2

South........................................... 2,545 2,479 2,512 2,584 2,583 2,496 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6

Midwest........................................ 1,485 1,561 1,366 1,388 1,426 1,434 4.3 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4

West............................................ 1,585 1,448 1,394 1,421 1,460 1,454 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total............................................... 5,857 5,903 5,952 5,886 5,912 5,979 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,485 5,569 5,394 5,570 5,578 5,639 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7

Mining and logging......................... 22 21 16 19 17 30 3.1 3.4 2.6 3.1 2.8 4.8

Construction................................ 426 396 396 394 400 399 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 357 341 384 374 376 397 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2

Durable goods........................... 212 175 207 207 218 219 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9

Nondurable goods....................... 145 165 177 166 158 179 3.0 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,170 1,227 1,248 1,255 1,278 1,278 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8

Wholesale trade......................... 156 123 135 212 135 148 2.6 2.2 2.4 3.8 2.4 2.6

Retail trade............................... 763 811 863 745 777 780 4.9 5.5 5.7 4.9 5.1 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 251 294 250 299 366 349 4.0 5.1 4.3 5.1 6.2 5.7

Information.................................. 90 67 87 103 103 60 3.1 2.6 3.4 3.9 3.9 2.3

Financial activities......................... 236 235 217 238 227 236 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 149 142 145 162 144 160 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 87 94 73 76 84 76 3.7 4.3 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,157 1,152 1,170 1,108 1,116 1,291 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.5 6.3

Education and health services........... 730 788 719 725 735 753 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2

Educational services.................... 107 100 93 70 91 99 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.0 2.6 2.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 623 688 626 655 644 654 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,078 1,168 934 1,053 1,044 982 6.4 9.3 7.4 8.0 7.8 7.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 187 167 129 115 132 143 7.6 10.6 8.0 6.8 7.6 8.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 891 1,001 806 938 912 839 6.2 9.1 7.3 8.2 7.8 7.2

Other services.............................. 220 173 222 302 282 215 3.7 3.2 4.1 5.5 5.1 3.9

Government................................... 371 334 558 316 334 339 1.6 1.5 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 51 72 315 59 50 52 1.8 2.5 10.0 1.9 1.7 1.8

State and local............................. 321 262 243 257 284 287 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 160 124 105 114 128 127 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 160 138 138 143 156 160 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 949 1,052 1,017 982 985 968 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7

South........................................... 2,296 2,173 2,278 2,297 2,353 2,459 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.7

Midwest........................................ 1,304 1,307 1,311 1,181 1,227 1,318 3.9 4.3 4.3 3.8 4.0 4.2

West............................................ 1,308 1,371 1,346 1,425 1,347 1,234 3.7 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total............................................... 5,657 4,988 4,689 4,844 5,142 5,413 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,307 4,729 4,413 4,504 4,674 5,009 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 29 26 19 23 21 18 4.0 4.2 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.0

Construction................................ 416 347 324 290 331 351 5.5 4.8 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 318 359 332 354 350 340 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8

Durable goods........................... 184 219 190 206 200 199 2.3 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 134 140 141 148 150 141 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,198 1,123 1,103 1,063 1,123 1,088 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 147 143 152 125 131 139 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.5

Retail trade............................... 816 717 719 687 739 697 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 235 263 232 251 253 252 3.8 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.1

Information.................................. 79 56 57 51 56 67 2.7 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.6

Financial activities......................... 213 197 205 190 193 173 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0

Finance and insurance................. 143 120 133 111 111 118 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 70 77 72 79 82 55 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.7 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,131 986 960 989 1,011 1,039 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.1

Education and health services........... 663 632 606 618 647 656 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8

Educational services.................... 89 71 59 64 80 89 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 574 561 547 553 567 567 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,063 820 708 737 777 1,097 6.3 6.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 8.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 175 115 53 84 100 93 7.1 7.3 3.3 5.0 5.7 5.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 888 705 655 653 678 1,004 6.2 6.4 5.9 5.7 5.8 8.6

Other services.............................. 197 183 98 190 163 179 3.3 3.4 1.8 3.5 3.0 3.2

Government................................... 350 259 276 340 469 405 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.9

Federal...................................... 41 45 57 90 202 132 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.9 6.8 4.6

State and local............................. 309 214 219 250 266 273 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

State and local education.............. 157 102 116 129 135 128 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 152 112 103 121 132 145 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 909 766 702 710 851 806 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.1

South........................................... 2,147 1,915 1,895 1,912 2,032 2,068 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,235 1,121 1,055 1,098 1,181 1,255 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0

West............................................ 1,366 1,185 1,037 1,125 1,078 1,285 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.9

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total............................................... 3,528 2,932 2,839 3,074 3,150 3,156 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,341 2,789 2,696 2,920 2,972 2,991 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5

Mining and logging......................... 14 11 7 9 9 10 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6

Construction................................ 164 143 103 142 122 146 2.2 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.7 2.0

Manufacturing.............................. 201 179 207 235 216 219 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8

Durable goods........................... 107 104 117 129 119 124 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6

Nondurable goods....................... 94 75 90 106 97 95 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 802 753 722 702 732 731 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7

Wholesale trade......................... 89 90 86 92 91 82 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Retail trade............................... 577 524 502 466 500 503 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 135 140 134 144 141 145 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

Information.................................. 43 31 29 29 33 38 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5

Financial activities......................... 148 87 126 106 119 108 1.7 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.2

Finance and insurance................. 102 47 89 65 67 72 1.6 0.7 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 46 40 37 40 52 35 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.3 1.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 636 533 558 627 599 588 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9

Education and health services........... 462 438 398 425 464 417 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8

Educational services.................... 53 37 32 32 41 45 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 409 401 366 392 423 371 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 736 501 488 536 574 631 4.4 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 86 32 15 38 52 44 3.5 2.0 0.9 2.2 3.0 2.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 650 469 473 498 522 586 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.0

Other services.............................. 134 113 58 110 104 104 2.3 2.1 1.1 2.0 1.9 1.9

Government................................... 188 143 142 155 178 165 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 17 19 19 20 29 23 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.8

State and local............................. 171 123 124 134 149 142 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 90 59 66 70 72 68 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 81 65 58 65 77 74 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 478 410 389 425 455 444 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7

South........................................... 1,429 1,160 1,233 1,303 1,344 1,375 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6

Midwest........................................ 777 703 633 680 701 699 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3

West............................................ 844 658 583 667 650 638 2.4 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total............................................... 1,769 1,745 1,533 1,437 1,676 1,971 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,672 1,690 1,464 1,311 1,454 1,786 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5

Mining and logging......................... 14 15 11 11 11 7 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.2

Construction................................ 233 192 206 135 197 195 3.1 2.7 2.9 1.9 2.7 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 95 154 102 97 111 103 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods........................... 62 102 60 65 67 62 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 33 52 42 32 44 41 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 311 317 340 302 323 309 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

Wholesale trade3

........................ 46 53 61 21 33 50 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.9

Retail trade............................... 185 171 194 191 198 170 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 81 92 85 90 92 89 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Information.................................. 33 21 25 17 21 26 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0

Financial activities......................... 44 83 52 60 49 48 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 20 50 21 26 20 33 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 23 33 31 34 29 16 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 434 390 352 305 358 393 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.9

Education and health services........... 165 165 164 155 154 198 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Educational services.................... 31 31 21 28 35 38 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 134 134 143 127 119 161 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 298 293 188 166 177 439 1.8 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 3.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 84 81 35 44 46 46 3.4 5.1 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 214 213 154 122 130 393 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.1 3.4

Other services.............................. 44 61 23 63 54 67 0.7 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.2

Government................................... 98 55 69 127 222 184 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.9

Federal...................................... 12 12 23 60 152 98 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.9 5.1 3.4

State and local............................. 86 43 46 67 70 87 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local education.............. 41 18 26 34 40 35 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 44 25 20 33 30 51 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 362 300 264 232 352 308 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.2

South........................................... 587 639 540 476 552 597 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1

Midwest........................................ 390 355 355 351 417 493 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.6

West............................................ 430 451 374 378 355 572 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total............................................... 359 311 317 333 317 287 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 294 250 253 274 248 231 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 3 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1

Construction3

............................... 18 11 15 12 12 9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 21 26 23 22 23 19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 13 13 12 14 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 7 13 10 10 9 6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 85 53 41 59 68 48 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 12 0 5 11 7 6 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade............................... 54 22 23 30 41 24 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 20 31 13 18 20 17 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 3 4 3 4 2 3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Financial activities......................... 22 27 27 25 25 17 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 21 23 23 19 24 13 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 1 4 4 5 1 4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 60 64 50 58 55 58 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 36 29 44 38 29 42 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Educational services.................... 4 3 5 5 4 6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 31 26 38 34 25 36 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 29 26 32 35 27 27 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 5 3 4 2 2 3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 24 23 28 33 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 19 9 16 18 6 7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1

Government................................... 65 61 64 59 69 56 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 14 15 10 21 11 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4

State and local............................. 52 48 50 48 48 44 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education.............. 25 25 25 25 23 24 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 27 23 25 24 25 20 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 69 56 48 53 45 53 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 132 116 121 133 136 96 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 67 63 67 67 64 62 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 91 76 80 80 73 76 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 6,445 7,053 6,301 4.0 4.7 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,729 6,359 5,636 4.2 5.0 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 20 21 18 2.6 3.2 2.8

Construction....................................................... 215 246 236 2.7 3.2 3.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 401 531 498 3.0 4.2 3.9

Durable goods.................................................. 270 296 248 3.2 3.7 3.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 131 236 250 2.6 4.8 5.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,209 1,290 1,083 4.1 4.6 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 165 175 151 2.7 3.0 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 713 855 661 4.2 5.3 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 331 260 271 5.0 4.2 4.2

Information........................................................ 136 122 77 4.5 4.4 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 333 320 267 3.6 3.5 3.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 244 244 207 3.6 3.6 3.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 76 61 3.6 3.3 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,120 1,354 1,206 4.9 6.1 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 1,231 1,420 1,273 4.8 5.7 5.1

Educational services.......................................... 146 122 101 3.5 3.3 2.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,086 1,298 1,172 5.0 6.1 5.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 894 791 739 5.2 5.6 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 97 96 70 4.0 5.3 4.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 798 695 670 5.3 5.6 5.5

Other services.................................................... 168 265 237 2.8 4.6 4.1

Government.......................................................... 716 695 665 3.0 3.1 2.9

Federal............................................................. 117 94 97 3.9 3.1 3.2

State and local.................................................... 599 600 568 2.9 3.1 2.9

State and local education..................................... 213 220 207 1.9 2.2 2.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 386 380 361 4.0 4.1 3.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,127 1,239 1,110 3.9 4.5 4.0

South................................................................. 2,443 2,712 2,427 4.2 4.9 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,431 1,513 1,401 4.1 4.6 4.3

West.................................................................. 1,444 1,589 1,364 3.9 4.6 3.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 5,439 6,308 5,590 3.6 4.4 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,139 5,985 5,300 4.0 4.9 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 18 19 27 2.5 3.0 4.3

Construction....................................................... 322 411 304 4.2 5.5 4.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 295 380 357 2.3 3.1 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 178 218 202 2.2 2.9 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 117 162 155 2.4 3.5 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,477 1,507 1,571 5.2 5.6 5.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 126 151 127 2.1 2.7 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 958 925 951 6.0 6.1 6.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 393 432 493 6.2 7.2 7.9

Information........................................................ 87 127 57 3.0 4.8 2.2

Financial activities................................................ 202 248 211 2.3 2.8 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 128 158 147 2.0 2.4 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 75 90 64 3.2 4.1 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,051 1,165 1,183 4.8 5.6 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 616 814 643 2.5 3.5 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 79 93 75 2.0 2.6 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 537 721 568 2.6 3.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 884 1,029 766 5.4 7.7 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 133 115 108 5.8 6.7 6.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 751 915 659 5.3 7.8 5.7

Other services.................................................... 186 285 180 3.2 5.2 3.3

Government.......................................................... 300 323 290 1.3 1.5 1.3

Federal............................................................. 63 51 69 2.2 1.7 2.4

State and local.................................................... 237 271 221 1.2 1.4 1.2

State and local education..................................... 112 131 90 1.0 1.3 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 126 140 131 1.4 1.6 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 862 1,013 879 3.1 3.8 3.3

South................................................................. 2,120 2,537 2,301 3.8 4.8 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,209 1,279 1,256 3.6 4.1 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,247 1,480 1,154 3.5 4.4 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 5,044 5,269 4,934 3.3 3.7 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,790 4,841 4,612 3.7 4.0 3.8

Mining and logging............................................... 25 21 14 3.5 3.3 2.2

Construction....................................................... 419 365 365 5.5 4.9 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 268 377 302 2.1 3.1 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 147 213 168 1.8 2.8 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 121 164 134 2.5 3.5 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,102 1,122 992 3.9 4.2 3.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 129 143 124 2.2 2.5 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 755 723 635 4.7 4.8 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 219 257 233 3.5 4.3 3.7

Information........................................................ 67 53 61 2.3 2.0 2.3

Financial activities................................................ 192 186 152 2.2 2.1 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 124 105 100 1.9 1.6 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 67 81 51 2.9 3.7 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,042 1,038 971 4.8 5.0 4.7

Education and health services.................................. 538 629 547 2.2 2.7 2.3

Educational services.......................................... 52 59 59 1.3 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 486 570 488 2.3 2.9 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 969 904 1,050 5.9 6.8 8.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 193 159 120 8.4 9.2 7.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 776 745 930 5.5 6.4 8.1

Other services.................................................... 167 144 159 2.8 2.6 2.9

Government.......................................................... 253 428 322 1.1 2.0 1.5

Federal............................................................. 39 204 131 1.4 6.8 4.5

State and local.................................................... 214 223 191 1.1 1.2 1.0

State and local education..................................... 81 91 61 0.7 0.9 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 133 132 131 1.4 1.5 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 827 865 733 2.9 3.3 2.8

South................................................................. 1,851 2,071 1,848 3.3 3.9 3.5

Midwest............................................................... 1,156 1,205 1,203 3.5 3.9 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,209 1,126 1,151 3.4 3.4 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 2,965 3,296 2,724 1.9 2.3 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,828 3,137 2,598 2.2 2.6 2.1

Mining and logging............................................... 11 10 8 1.4 1.5 1.2

Construction....................................................... 128 140 121 1.7 1.9 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 154 230 184 1.2 1.9 1.5

Durable goods.................................................. 78 127 100 1.0 1.7 1.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 76 104 84 1.6 2.2 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 724 776 657 2.6 2.9 2.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 74 101 68 1.2 1.8 1.2

Retail trade..................................................... 519 520 445 3.2 3.4 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 132 154 145 2.1 2.6 2.3

Information........................................................ 37 33 36 1.3 1.3 1.4

Financial activities................................................ 135 119 100 1.5 1.4 1.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 90 67 65 1.4 1.0 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 46 52 35 2.0 2.3 1.6

Professional and business services............................ 561 650 533 2.6 3.1 2.6

Education and health services.................................. 374 476 337 1.5 2.0 1.4

Educational services.......................................... 34 37 32 0.9 1.0 0.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 339 440 305 1.6 2.2 1.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 597 606 536 3.6 4.5 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 64 56 33 2.8 3.3 2.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 534 550 504 3.8 4.7 4.4

Other services.................................................... 108 97 86 1.8 1.8 1.6

Government.......................................................... 137 159 126 0.6 0.7 0.6

Federal............................................................. 16 31 22 0.6 1.0 0.8

State and local.................................................... 121 128 104 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local education..................................... 54 54 39 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 68 74 64 0.7 0.8 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 398 466 370 1.4 1.8 1.4

South................................................................. 1,184 1,408 1,212 2.1 2.7 2.3

Midwest............................................................... 665 732 610 2.0 2.3 1.9

West.................................................................. 718 690 532 2.0 2.1 1.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 1,772 1,672 1,973 1.2 1.2 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,697 1,457 1,810 1.3 1.2 1.5

Mining and logging............................................... 14 10 5 1.9 1.6 0.9

Construction....................................................... 272 214 234 3.6 2.8 3.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 97 124 102 0.8 1.0 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 59 72 57 0.7 1.0 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 38 51 45 0.8 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 302 284 293 1.1 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 46 33 50 0.8 0.6 0.9

Retail trade..................................................... 189 168 171 1.2 1.1 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 67 83 72 1.1 1.4 1.1

Information........................................................ 27 18 22 0.9 0.7 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 38 44 39 0.4 0.5 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 17 16 27 0.3 0.2 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 21 28 12 0.9 1.3 0.5

Professional and business services............................ 432 326 390 2.0 1.6 1.9

Education and health services.................................. 131 125 172 0.5 0.5 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 16 19 23 0.4 0.5 0.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 115 106 148 0.6 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 343 270 487 2.1 2.0 3.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 125 101 85 5.4 5.9 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 218 170 401 1.5 1.5 3.5

Other services.................................................... 40 41 66 0.7 0.7 1.2

Government.......................................................... 75 215 163 0.3 1.0 0.7

Federal............................................................. 13 153 100 0.5 5.1 3.4

State and local.................................................... 62 62 63 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education..................................... 17 25 11 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 44 38 52 0.5 0.4 0.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 380 358 324 1.4 1.4 1.2

South................................................................. 535 536 542 1.0 1.0 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 439 415 548 1.3 1.3 1.7

West.................................................................. 419 363 558 1.2 1.1 1.7

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Nov.

2019

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 306 301 237 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 265 247 204 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Construction....................................................... 18 12 9 0.2 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 17 23 16 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 11 14 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 7 9 6 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 76 62 42 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 9 9 6 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 47 34 19 0.3 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 20 20 17 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 3 2 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Financial activities................................................ 19 23 13 0.2 0.3 0.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 18 22 8 0.3 0.3 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 1 1 4 0.0 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 49 63 48 0.2 0.3 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 33 28 39 0.1 0.1 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 2 3 4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 31 25 36 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 29 27 27 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 5 2 3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 24 25 25 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 19 6 7 0.3 0.1 0.1

Government.......................................................... 41 54 33 0.2 0.2 0.1

Federal............................................................. 10 20 9 0.3 0.7 0.3

State and local.................................................... 31 34 24 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local education..................................... 10 12 10 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 21 21 14 0.2 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 51 41 39 0.2 0.2 0.1

South................................................................. 130 127 93 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 52 59 45 0.2 0.2 0.1

West.................................................................. 73 74 60 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.