Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-1617

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release

http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, November 7, 2008.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: OCTOBER 2008

Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 240,000 in October, and the unemployment rate rose from 6.1 

to 6.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. October's 

drop in payroll employment followed declines of 127,000 in August and 284,000 in September, as revised. Employment has fallen by 1.2 million in the first 10 months of 2008; over half of the decrease 

has occurred in the past 3 months. In October, job losses continued in manufacturing, construction, and 

several service-providing industries. Health care and mining continued to add jobs.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The unemployment rate rose by 0.4 percentage point to 6.5 percent in October, and the number of 

unemployed persons increased by 603,000 to 10.1 million. Over the past 12 months, the number of 

unemployed persons has increased by 2.8 million, and the unemployment rate has risen by 1.7 percentage points. (See table A-1.)

The unemployment rates for adult men (6.3 percent), adult women (5.3 percent), whites (5.9 percent), and Hispanics (8.8 percent) rose in October. The jobless rates for teenagers (20.6 percent) and 

blacks (11.1 percent) were little changed. The unemployment rate for Asians in October was 3.8 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

News United States

Department 

of Labor

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2005 – October 2008

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

November 2005 – October 2008

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

2006 2007 2008

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

2006 2007 2008
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ....................................... 154,294 154,730 154,853 154,732 155,038 306

Employment ............................................. 146,089 145,517 145,477 145,255 144,958 -297

Unemployment ..........................................8,204 9,213 9,376 9,477 10,080 603

Not in labor force ......................................... 79,117 79,381 79,253 79,628 79,575 -53

All workers ...................................................5.3 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.5 0.4

Adult men ...................................................4.9 5.7 5.6 6.1 6.3 .2

Adult women ............................................ 4.6 4.9 5.3 4.9 5.3 .4

Teenagers ..................................................17.4 19.5 18.9 19.1 20.6 1.5

White ...................................................... 4.7 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.9 .5

Black or African American ........................... 9.1 10.6 10.6 11.4 11.1 -.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..................... 7.2 7.7 8.0 7.8 8.8 1.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 137,699 p 137,371 137,423 p 137,139 p 136,899 p -240

Goods-producing 1................................ 21,565 p 21,363 21,367 p 21,284 p 21,152 p -132

Construction ............................................7,242 p 7,148 7,153 p 7,118 p 7,069 p -49

Manufacturing ......................................... 13,563 p 13,428 13,426 p 13,370 p 13,280 p -90

Service-providing 1 .................................116,134 p 116,008 116,056 p 115,855 p 115,747 p -108

 Retail trade 2 ......................................... 15,337 p 15,269 15,275 p 15,230 p 15,192 p -38

Professional and business service ............ 17,980 p 17,858 17,854 p 17,815 p 17,770 p -45

Education and health services ................... 18,823 p 18,971 18,997 p 18,981 p 19,002 p 21

Leisure and hospitality ...............................13,683 p 13,637 13,639 p 13,618 p 13,602 p -16

Government .................................... 22,439 p 22,496 22,514 p 22,473 p 22,496 p 23

Total private ......................................... 33.7 p 33.7 33.7 p 33.6 p 33.6 p 0.0

Manufacturing ................................... 41.0 p 40.8 40.9 p 40.6 p 40.6 p .0

 Overtime ....................................... 3.9 p 3.7 3.7 p 3.6 p 3.6 p .0

Total private ................................................107.2 p 106.6 106.8 p 106.2 p 105.9 p -0.3

Average hourly earnings, total private .......... $17.95 p $18.12 $18.14 p $18.17 p $18.21 p $0.04

Average weekly earnings, total private ........ 605.40 p 610.15 611.32 p 610.51 p 611.86 p 1.35

II 2008 III 2008 Aug. 2008 Sept. 2008 Oct. 2008

p = preliminary.

Sept.-Oct. 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 
3

Among the unemployed, the number of persons who lost their job and did not expect to be recalled 

to work rose by 615,000 to 4.4 million in October. Over the past 12 months, the size of this group has 

increased by 1.7 million. (See table A-8.)

In October, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) rose by 

249,000 to 2.3 million. The long-term unemployed accounted for 22.3 percent of total unemployment.

The newly unemployed—those who were jobless fewer than 5 weeks—increased by 212,000 to 3.1 million in October. (See table A-9.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

The civilian labor force participation rate (66.1 percent) and the employment-population ratio (61.8 

percent) were little changed in October. Since a recent high in December 2006, the employment-population ratio has declined by 1.6 percentage points. (See table A-1.)

In October, the number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred 

to as involuntary part-time workers) rose by 645,000 to 6.7 million. The number of such workers increased by 2.3 million over the past 12 months. This category includes persons who would like to work 

full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable 

to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in 

October, 273,000 more than 12 months earlier. These individuals wanted and were available for work 

and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They are not counted as unemployed because 

they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, 

there were 484,000 discouraged workers in October; the number of discouraged workers was 164,000 

higher than a year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work specifically 

because they believe no jobs are available for them. The other 1.2 million persons marginally attached 

to the labor force in October had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 240,000 in October, bringing job losses thus far in 2008 

to 1.2 million. Over the month, employment declines continued in manufacturing, construction, and 

several service-providing industries, while health care and mining again added jobs. (See table B-1.)

Manufacturing employment declined by 90,000 over the month. Some 27,000 aerospace workers in 

the transportation equipment industry were off payrolls in October due to a strike; taking the strike into 

account, factory job losses in October were about in line with the prior 2 months. Within durable goods 

manufacturing, employment declined in fabricated metal products (-11,000), furniture and related products (-10,000), motor vehicles and parts (-9,000), wood products (-7,000), and computer and electronic 

products (-4,000). In the nondurable goods component, job losses occurred in plastics and rubber products (-6,000), apparel (-4,000), and printing and related support activities (-4,000).
4

Construction employment fell by 49,000 in October, with declines throughout the industry. Since 

peaking in September 2006, construction employment has fallen by 663,000, largely in the residential 

components.

Within professional and business services, the employment services industry shed 51,000 jobs in 

October. The pace of job loss in this industry has picked up in 2008, averaging 37,000 per month 

through October; in 2007, monthly job losses averaged 11,000 in employment services.

Retail trade employment fell by 38,000 in October, with the largest losses occurring among automobile dealers (-20,000) and department stores (-18,000). Wholesale trade employment was down by 

22,000 over the month, with most of the decrease among durable goods wholesalers.

Employment in financial activities declined by 24,000 in October and is down by 200,000 since its 

peak in December 2006. Over the month, employment contracted in both credit intermediation and related activities (-12,000) and in securities and investment firms (-6,000).

Health care employment continued to expand in October, with an increase of 26,000. Over the past 

12 months, health care employment has grown by 348,000. The mining industry added 7,000 jobs in 

October. Since a low in April 2003, mining employment has grown by 246,000.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In October, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. The manufacturing workweek and factory overtime also were 

unchanged over the month at 40.6 and 3.6 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls declined by 0.3 percent in October. The manufacturing index fell by 1.0 percent. (See table 

B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

In October, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls increased by 4 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $18.21, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings 

were $611.86. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 3.5 percent and average 

weekly earnings rose by 2.9 percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for November 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, 

December 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
 5

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin 

of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger 

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the 

establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is 

about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey 

because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household 

workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of 

employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus, 

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether 

respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers 

accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force 

from 2000 to 2007. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The 

establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to 

incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly 

revisions, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates 

to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark 

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual 

benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the self-employed? 

While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly 

estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent 

years. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to 

achieve that goal. 
6

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net 

impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of 

a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on 

temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question 

relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially 

counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or

by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000

(100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from

less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 232,715 234,360 234,612 232,715 233,627 233,864 234,107 234,360 234,612

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 153,516 154,509 155,012 153,306 154,390 154,603 154,853 154,732 155,038

 Participation rate ..................................................... 66.0 65.9 66.1 65.9 66.1 66.1 66.1 66.0 66.1

 Employed .................................................................... 146,743 145,310 145,543 146,016 145,891 145,819 145,477 145,255 144,958

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 63.1 62.0 62.0 62.7 62.4 62.4 62.1 62.0 61.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 6,773 9,199 9,469 7,291 8,499 8,784 9,376 9,477 10,080

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.4 6.0 6.1 4.8 5.5 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.5

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 79,200 79,851 79,601 79,409 79,237 79,261 79,253 79,628 79,575

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 4,131 4,895 4,800 4,266 4,888 4,997 4,796 5,067 4,966

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 112,619 113,414 113,546 112,619 113,029 113,154 113,281 113,414 113,546

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 82,177 82,654 82,772 82,210 82,528 82,889 82,807 82,945 82,983

 Participation rate ..................................................... 73.0 72.9 72.9 73.0 73.0 73.3 73.1 73.1 73.1

 Employed .................................................................... 78,578 77,501 77,428 78,177 77,794 77,823 77,632 77,396 77,108

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 69.8 68.3 68.2 69.4 68.8 68.8 68.5 68.2 67.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,598 5,153 5,344 4,032 4,734 5,066 5,176 5,549 5,875

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.4 6.2 6.5 4.9 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 30,443 30,760 30,775 30,409 30,502 30,264 30,474 30,469 30,563

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 103,973 104,741 104,869 103,973 104,371 104,490 104,613 104,741 104,869

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 78,805 79,307 79,462 78,664 79,037 79,327 79,318 79,444 79,451

 Participation rate ..................................................... 75.8 75.7 75.8 75.7 75.7 75.9 75.8 75.8 75.8

 Employed .................................................................... 75,753 74,844 74,865 75,274 74,998 75,094 74,866 74,631 74,441

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 72.9 71.5 71.4 72.4 71.9 71.9 71.6 71.3 71.0

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,052 4,463 4,598 3,389 4,038 4,234 4,452 4,813 5,010

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 3.9 5.6 5.8 4.3 5.1 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 25,167 25,434 25,407 25,309 25,334 25,163 25,295 25,298 25,418

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 120,096 120,946 121,066 120,096 120,598 120,710 120,825 120,946 121,066

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 71,339 71,855 72,240 71,096 71,862 71,714 72,046 71,787 72,055

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.4 59.4 59.7 59.2 59.6 59.4 59.6 59.4 59.5

 Employed .................................................................... 68,165 67,809 68,115 67,838 68,097 67,996 67,845 67,860 67,850

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 56.8 56.1 56.3 56.5 56.5 56.3 56.2 56.1 56.0

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,174 4,046 4,125 3,258 3,765 3,718 4,201 3,928 4,205

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.4 5.6 5.7 4.6 5.2 5.2 5.8 5.5 5.8

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 48,757 49,091 48,826 49,000 48,735 48,996 48,779 49,159 49,011

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,703 112,518 112,633 111,703 112,183 112,290 112,401 112,518 112,633

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 67,970 68,635 69,059 67,623 68,446 68,303 68,672 68,423 68,757

 Participation rate ..................................................... 60.8 61.0 61.3 60.5 61.0 60.8 61.1 60.8 61.0

 Employed .................................................................... 65,241 65,149 65,439 64,827 65,238 65,167 65,047 65,072 65,090

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 58.4 57.9 58.1 58.0 58.2 58.0 57.9 57.8 57.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,729 3,486 3,620 2,796 3,208 3,135 3,625 3,351 3,666

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.0 5.1 5.2 4.1 4.7 4.6 5.3 4.9 5.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 43,733 43,883 43,575 44,080 43,737 43,988 43,729 44,094 43,877

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 17,040 17,101 17,110 17,040 17,073 17,084 17,092 17,101 17,110

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,740 6,567 6,490 7,020 6,907 6,973 6,863 6,865 6,830

 Participation rate ..................................................... 39.6 38.4 37.9 41.2 40.5 40.8 40.2 40.1 39.9

 Employed .................................................................... 5,749 5,317 5,239 5,914 5,655 5,558 5,563 5,552 5,427

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 33.7 31.1 30.6 34.7 33.1 32.5 32.6 32.5 31.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 992 1,250 1,251 1,105 1,253 1,415 1,299 1,313 1,404

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 14.7 19.0 19.3 15.7 18.1 20.3 18.9 19.1 20.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,299 10,534 10,620 10,020 10,166 10,110 10,229 10,236 10,279

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 188,813 189,916 190,085 188,813 189,428 189,587 189,747 189,916 190,085

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 125,228 125,853 126,311 125,151 125,704 125,971 125,981 125,955 126,388

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.3 66.3 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.4 66.4 66.3 66.5

 Employed .................................................................... 120,424 119,294 119,389 119,883 119,518 119,542 119,222 119,180 118,893

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.8 62.8 62.8 63.5 63.1 63.1 62.8 62.8 62.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,804 6,559 6,923 5,268 6,186 6,428 6,760 6,775 7,495

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.8 5.2 5.5 4.2 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 63,585 64,063 63,774 63,662 63,724 63,616 63,766 63,961 63,697

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 65,337 65,645 65,785 65,255 65,402 65,789 65,690 65,747 65,844

 Participation rate ....................................................... 76.2 76.1 76.2 76.1 76.1 76.4 76.2 76.2 76.3

 Employed .................................................................... 63,143 62,400 62,411 62,762 62,447 62,695 62,446 62,239 62,081

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 73.7 72.3 72.3 73.2 72.6 72.8 72.5 72.2 71.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,194 3,245 3,374 2,493 2,955 3,094 3,244 3,508 3,763

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.4 4.9 5.1 3.8 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.7

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 54,355 54,809 55,204 54,102 54,562 54,424 54,668 54,603 54,930

 Participation rate ....................................................... 60.4 60.5 60.9 60.1 60.4 60.2 60.4 60.3 60.6

 Employed .................................................................... 52,476 52,421 52,595 52,136 52,282 52,184 52,118 52,309 52,236

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.3 57.9 58.0 57.9 57.9 57.7 57.6 57.8 57.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,878 2,388 2,610 1,966 2,280 2,240 2,551 2,294 2,694

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.5 4.4 4.7 3.6 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.2 4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 5,536 5,399 5,321 5,795 5,740 5,758 5,623 5,606 5,615

 Participation rate ....................................................... 42.3 41.2 40.6 44.3 43.9 44.0 43.0 42.8 42.9

 Employed .................................................................... 4,805 4,473 4,383 4,985 4,789 4,664 4,658 4,632 4,577

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 36.7 34.2 33.5 38.1 36.6 35.6 35.6 35.4 34.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 731 926 939 810 951 1,094 965 974 1,038

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 13.2 17.2 17.6 14.0 16.6 19.0 17.2 17.4 18.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,627 27,939 27,982 27,627 27,816 27,854 27,896 27,939 27,982

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,520 17,756 17,799 17,430 17,716 17,767 17,973 17,737 17,793

 Participation rate ....................................................... 63.4 63.6 63.6 63.1 63.7 63.8 64.4 63.5 63.6

 Employed .................................................................... 16,085 15,767 15,847 15,946 16,085 16,040 16,074 15,714 15,810

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.2 56.4 56.6 57.7 57.8 57.6 57.6 56.2 56.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,435 1,989 1,952 1,483 1,632 1,726 1,899 2,023 1,983

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.2 11.2 11.0 8.5 9.2 9.7 10.6 11.4 11.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,107 10,183 10,183 10,197 10,100 10,088 9,923 10,202 10,190

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,896 8,021 8,005 7,833 7,997 7,979 8,066 8,004 7,980

 Participation rate ....................................................... 71.0 71.4 71.1 70.4 71.5 71.3 71.9 71.2 70.9

 Employed .................................................................... 7,274 7,126 7,083 7,194 7,254 7,184 7,239 7,052 7,052

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.4 63.4 62.9 64.7 64.9 64.2 64.5 62.8 62.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 622 895 923 640 742 795 827 951 928

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.9 11.2 11.5 8.2 9.3 10.0 10.3 11.9 11.6

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,863 9,003 9,021 8,823 8,973 8,985 9,052 8,921 9,004

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.0 64.2 64.3 63.7 64.3 64.3 64.7 63.6 64.1

 Employed .................................................................... 8,243 8,122 8,231 8,195 8,305 8,311 8,225 8,089 8,211

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 59.5 57.9 58.6 59.2 59.5 59.5 58.8 57.7 58.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 620 881 791 628 668 674 826 833 794

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.0 9.8 8.8 7.1 7.4 7.5 9.1 9.3 8.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 761 732 772 773 747 802 856 812 808

 Participation rate ....................................................... 28.6 27.3 28.8 29.1 27.9 30.0 31.9 30.3 30.1

 Employed .................................................................... 568 519 533 558 525 545 609 573 546

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 21.4 19.3 19.9 21.0 19.6 20.4 22.7 21.4 20.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 192 213 239 215 221 257 246 239 262

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 25.3 29.1 30.9 27.9 29.6 32.0 28.8 29.4 32.4

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,719 10,820 10,791 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,069 7,179 7,141 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 65.9 66.4 66.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,806 6,904 6,870 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.5 63.8 63.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 263 276 271 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.7 3.8 3.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,650 3,640 3,650 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 31,714 32,369 32,465 31,714 32,087 32,179 32,273 32,369 32,465

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,811 22,160 22,190 21,778 22,131 22,071 22,226 22,258 22,236

 Participation rate ....................................................... 68.8 68.5 68.4 68.7 69.0 68.6 68.9 68.8 68.5

 Employed .................................................................... 20,656 20,470 20,327 20,554 20,420 20,435 20,452 20,531 20,268

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.1 63.2 62.6 64.8 63.6 63.5 63.4 63.4 62.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,155 1,691 1,863 1,224 1,711 1,636 1,774 1,727 1,967

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.3 7.6 8.4 5.6 7.7 7.4 8.0 7.8 8.8

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,903 10,209 10,275 9,936 9,956 10,108 10,048 10,111 10,229

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,509 12,773 12,787 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 84.5 84.7 84.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,937 11,892 11,838 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 80.6 78.9 78.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 571 881 949 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.6 6.9 7.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,205 8,298 8,332 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 58.9 58.3 58.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,811 7,760 7,721 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 56.1 54.6 54.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 394 538 611 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.8 6.5 7.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,098 1,089 1,071 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 36.8 35.5 34.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 907 818 768 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 30.4 26.7 24.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 190 271 303 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 17.3 24.9 28.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 11,895 12,177 12,137 12,133 12,178 12,168 12,197 12,161 12,391

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.4 47.1 47.4 47.3 45.9 47.8 47.5 47.0 48.3

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,116 11,081 11,007 11,238 11,117 11,135 11,022 10,992 11,118

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 43.3 42.9 42.9 43.8 41.9 43.7 42.9 42.5 43.4

 Unemployed ................................................................. 779 1,097 1,130 895 1,061 1,033 1,175 1,169 1,273

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 6.5 9.0 9.3 7.4 8.7 8.5 9.6 9.6 10.3

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 38,654 38,415 38,571 38,625 38,170 38,872 38,373 38,313 38,467

 Participation rate ......................................................... 62.9 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.8 63.5 62.9 62.5 62.6

 Employed ...................................................................... 37,031 36,197 36,314 36,838 36,233 36,854 36,191 35,908 36,028

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 60.2 59.0 59.1 59.9 59.6 60.2 59.3 58.6 58.7

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,623 2,218 2,257 1,787 1,937 2,018 2,182 2,405 2,439

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.2 5.8 5.9 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.7 6.3 6.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 36,715 37,054 37,065 36,218 36,824 36,444 36,685 36,991 36,723

 Participation rate ......................................................... 72.2 72.0 72.0 71.2 71.9 71.1 71.5 71.9 71.3

 Employed ...................................................................... 35,502 35,253 35,208 34,939 35,264 34,813 34,912 35,129 34,797

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 69.8 68.5 68.4 68.7 68.9 67.9 68.0 68.3 67.6

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,213 1,802 1,857 1,279 1,559 1,631 1,774 1,862 1,926

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.3 4.9 5.0 3.5 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 44,430 45,140 45,639 44,200 44,993 45,071 45,422 45,200 45,540

 Participation rate ......................................................... 77.6 77.6 78.0 77.2 78.1 77.2 77.5 77.7 77.8

 Employed ...................................................................... 43,530 43,961 44,257 43,261 43,964 43,993 44,182 44,072 44,129

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 76.1 75.5 75.6 75.6 76.3 75.3 75.4 75.7 75.4

 Unemployed ................................................................. 900 1,178 1,382 939 1,029 1,078 1,240 1,128 1,411

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 2.0 2.6 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.1

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral

degrees. 

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,130 2,276 2,203 2,089 2,137 2,123 2,142 2,189 2,167

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,200 1,415 1,328 1,195 1,244 1,258 1,289 1,331 1,321

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 914 834 853 878 840 844 817 820 823

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 17 28 23 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 144,612 143,034 143,340 143,933 143,650 143,589 143,284 143,064 142,773

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 135,119 133,660 134,388 134,533 134,132 133,951 133,822 133,725 133,808

 Government ................................................................ 21,096 21,204 21,720 20,907 21,186 21,098 21,259 21,168 21,510

 Private industries ........................................................ 114,023 112,456 112,668 113,641 113,001 112,956 112,607 112,588 112,301

 Private households ................................................... 760 820 840 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 113,263 111,636 111,828 112,850 112,155 112,157 111,851 111,778 111,431

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,379 9,293 8,882 9,274 9,430 9,518 9,381 9,228 8,844

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 115 81 69 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,028 5,701 6,267 4,401 5,416 5,724 5,718 6,055 6,700

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,612 3,983 4,548 2,788 3,816 4,194 4,112 4,232 4,733

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,180 1,467 1,466 1,215 1,336 1,286 1,362 1,516 1,491

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 19,956 19,582 19,541 19,337 19,496 19,406 19,712 19,371 19,147

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 3,930 5,621 6,157 4,302 5,308 5,599 5,641 5,941 6,485

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,549 3,919 4,460 2,745 3,744 4,156 4,032 4,121 4,690

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,171 1,465 1,457 1,207 1,328 1,277 1,350 1,537 1,481

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 19,634 19,242 19,197 19,157 19,106 19,051 19,281 19,033 18,889

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 146,743 145,310 145,543 146,016 145,891 145,819 145,477 145,255 144,958

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 5,749 5,317 5,239 5,914 5,655 5,558 5,563 5,552 5,427

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 2,286 2,007 1,930 2,324 1,966 1,974 1,988 2,029 1,959

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 3,463 3,311 3,309 3,600 3,678 3,619 3,570 3,546 3,482

 20 years and over ......................................................... 140,994 139,993 140,303 140,101 140,236 140,261 139,914 139,703 139,531

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 13,815 13,501 13,517 13,821 13,720 13,724 13,683 13,637 13,538

 25 years and over ....................................................... 127,179 126,492 126,786 126,293 126,565 126,611 126,281 126,093 125,944

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 100,956 99,534 99,467 100,332 99,813 99,733 99,345 99,236 98,895

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,873 31,491 31,369 31,612 31,488 31,468 31,467 31,397 31,140

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 34,272 33,397 33,355 34,116 33,692 33,613 33,287 33,300 33,216

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,811 34,646 34,743 34,605 34,634 34,651 34,591 34,540 34,538

 55 years and over ..................................................... 26,223 26,958 27,319 25,960 26,751 26,879 26,936 26,856 27,048

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 78,578 77,501 77,428 78,177 77,794 77,823 77,632 77,396 77,108

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,826 2,657 2,563 2,903 2,795 2,729 2,766 2,764 2,667

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,095 945 881 1,118 938 931 947 960 909

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,730 1,712 1,683 1,788 1,879 1,799 1,831 1,811 1,758

 20 years and over ......................................................... 75,753 74,844 74,865 75,274 74,998 75,094 74,866 74,631 74,441

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,308 7,114 6,954 7,306 7,202 7,179 7,165 7,173 6,975

 25 years and over ....................................................... 68,445 67,731 67,911 67,985 67,832 67,952 67,758 67,449 67,463

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 54,574 53,424 53,470 54,258 53,605 53,643 53,480 53,222 53,167

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,587 17,243 17,213 17,442 17,298 17,245 17,221 17,138 17,086

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,620 18,096 18,073 18,536 18,133 18,122 18,092 18,030 17,993

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,367 18,085 18,184 18,280 18,174 18,276 18,167 18,054 18,088

 55 years and over ..................................................... 13,871 14,307 14,441 13,727 14,227 14,309 14,278 14,227 14,297

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 68,165 67,809 68,115 67,838 68,097 67,996 67,845 67,860 67,850

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,923 2,660 2,676 3,011 2,859 2,829 2,798 2,787 2,759

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,190 1,061 1,050 1,206 1,028 1,043 1,041 1,068 1,050

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,733 1,599 1,626 1,813 1,799 1,820 1,739 1,735 1,725

 20 years and over ......................................................... 65,241 65,149 65,439 64,827 65,238 65,167 65,047 65,072 65,090

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,507 6,387 6,563 6,515 6,518 6,544 6,518 6,464 6,563

 25 years and over ....................................................... 58,734 58,762 58,876 58,307 58,733 58,660 58,523 58,643 58,480

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 46,382 46,110 45,998 46,074 46,208 46,090 45,865 46,014 45,728

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 14,286 14,248 14,157 14,169 14,190 14,224 14,246 14,259 14,054

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,652 15,301 15,281 15,581 15,559 15,491 15,195 15,269 15,223

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,445 16,561 16,559 16,324 16,459 16,376 16,424 16,486 16,451

 55 years and over ..................................................... 12,352 12,652 12,878 12,233 12,525 12,570 12,658 12,629 12,752

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 46,309 45,953 45,947 46,189 45,911 46,120 45,829 45,958 45,870

Married women, spouse present .................................... 35,828 35,955 35,831 35,449 36,270 36,185 36,055 35,913 35,633

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,429 9,312 9,431 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 122,006 120,213 120,020 121,561 120,542 120,537 119,908 119,928 119,596

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 24,736 25,097 25,523 24,472 25,419 25,431 25,649 25,366 25,355

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,852 7,724 7,817 7,579 7,794 7,757 8,055 7,657 7,593

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.2

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 7,291 9,477 10,080 4.8 5.5 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.5

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,105 1,313 1,404 15.7 18.1 20.3 18.9 19.1 20.6

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 494 559 583 17.5 23.3 24.9 22.1 21.6 22.9

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 600 759 779 14.3 15.6 17.3 17.1 17.6 18.3

 20 years and over ......................................................... 6,185 8,164 8,676 4.2 4.9 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.9

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,293 1,605 1,608 8.6 10.1 10.2 10.5 10.5 10.6

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,854 6,630 7,042 3.7 4.3 4.4 4.9 5.0 5.3

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 4,011 5,465 5,712 3.8 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.5

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,578 2,055 2,219 4.8 5.4 5.6 6.2 6.1 6.7

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,231 1,816 1,865 3.5 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.3

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,202 1,593 1,629 3.4 3.8 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.5

 55 years and over ..................................................... 841 1,162 1,276 3.1 3.3 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.5

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 4,032 5,549 5,875 4.9 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.1

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 643 737 865 18.1 19.9 23.4 20.7 21.0 24.5

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 263 287 335 19.0 26.2 29.4 24.0 23.0 26.9

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 362 457 485 16.8 17.1 19.9 18.6 20.1 21.6

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,389 4,813 5,010 4.3 5.1 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.3

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 749 933 1,026 9.3 11.2 11.6 11.5 11.5 12.8

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,588 3,917 3,915 3.7 4.3 4.6 5.0 5.5 5.5

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 2,143 3,259 3,218 3.8 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.8 5.7

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 898 1,251 1,271 4.9 5.4 6.1 6.4 6.8 6.9

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 645 1,070 1,049 3.4 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.6 5.5

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 601 939 898 3.2 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.9 4.7

 55 years and over ..................................................... 445 658 697 3.1 3.4 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.6

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,258 3,928 4,205 4.6 5.2 5.2 5.8 5.5 5.8

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 462 576 539 13.3 16.3 17.1 17.1 17.1 16.3

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 231 272 247 16.1 20.3 20.4 20.2 20.3 19.1

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 238 302 294 11.6 13.9 14.6 15.6 14.8 14.6

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,796 3,351 3,666 4.1 4.7 4.6 5.3 4.9 5.3

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 544 672 582 7.7 8.8 8.7 9.4 9.4 8.1

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,266 2,713 3,127 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.8 4.4 5.1

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,868 2,205 2,494 3.9 4.4 4.3 5.0 4.6 5.2

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 680 805 948 4.6 5.4 5.0 6.0 5.3 6.3

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 586 746 816 3.6 4.2 4.3 5.0 4.7 5.1

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 602 655 731 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.8 4.3

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 385 516 579 3.0 3.4 4.3 4.5 3.9 4.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,219 1,826 1,948 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.1

Married women, spouse present .................................... 1,073 1,285 1,550 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.5 4.2

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 631 830 906 6.3 7.9 8.5 9.6 8.2 8.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 6,012 7,980 8,582 4.7 5.5 5.7 6.2 6.2 6.7

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,276 1,577 1,525 5.0 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.7

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not 

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the 

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 3,259 4,699 5,138 3,731 4,370 4,407 4,824 5,171 5,719

On temporary layoff .................................................... 737 904 938 1,064 1,077 1,037 1,266 1,407 1,340

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,523 3,795 4,199 2,668 3,292 3,370 3,559 3,764 4,379

Permanent job losers .............................................. 1,802 2,814 3,243 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 721 980 956 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 804 1,075 965 790 833 861 999 974 940

Reentrants ...................................................................... 2,047 2,624 2,582 2,103 2,498 2,705 2,652 2,555 2,623

New entrants .................................................................. 662 801 783 709 748 811 820 822 828

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 48.1 51.1 54.3 50.9 51.7 50.2 51.9 54.3 56.6

On temporary layoff .................................................. 10.9 9.8 9.9 14.5 12.7 11.8 13.6 14.8 13.3

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 37.3 41.3 44.3 36.4 39.0 38.4 38.3 39.5 43.3

Job leavers ................................................................... 11.9 11.7 10.2 10.8 9.9 9.8 10.7 10.2 9.3

Reentrants .................................................................... 30.2 28.5 27.3 28.7 29.6 30.8 28.5 26.8 25.9

New entrants ................................................................ 9.8 8.7 8.3 9.7 8.9 9.2 8.8 8.6 8.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.1 3.0 3.3 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.7

Job leavers ................................................................... .5 .7 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

New entrants ................................................................ .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 2,371 2,851 2,924 2,508 2,712 2,835 3,235 2,853 3,065

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 2,204 2,840 2,708 2,454 2,999 2,823 2,821 3,051 3,003

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 2,198 3,508 3,837 2,367 2,916 3,118 3,402 3,607 4,062

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 927 1,491 1,606 1,052 1,328 1,440 1,561 1,598 1,805

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,271 2,018 2,230 1,315 1,587 1,678 1,841 2,008 2,257

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 17.4 19.1 20.4 17.0 17.5 17.1 17.4 18.4 19.7

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 8.5 10.3 10.6 8.7 10.0 9.7 9.2 10.2 10.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 35.0 31.0 30.9 34.2 31.4 32.3 34.2 30.0 30.3

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 32.5 30.9 28.6 33.5 34.8 32.2 29.8 32.1 29.6

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 32.5 38.1 40.5 32.3 33.8 35.5 36.0 37.9 40.1

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 13.7 16.2 17.0 14.4 15.4 16.4 16.5 16.8 17.8

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 18.8 21.9 23.6 17.9 18.4 19.1 19.5 21.1 22.3

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2007

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

Oct.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 146,743 145,543 6,773 9,469 4.4 6.1

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 52,127 53,485 1,071 1,647 2.0 3.0

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,748 22,422 368 695 1.7 3.0

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 30,379 31,063 703 952 2.3 3.0

Service occupations ....................................................................... 24,178 24,697 1,488 1,812 5.8 6.8

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 35,933 35,369 1,590 2,205 4.2 5.9

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 16,297 16,380 813 1,056 4.8 6.1

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,636 18,990 777 1,149 3.8 5.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 16,092 14,861 856 1,421 5.1 8.7

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 956 976 46 102 4.6 9.5

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,715 8,644 675 1,037 6.5 10.7

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,422 5,240 135 282 2.4 5.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 18,412 17,131 1,090 1,566 5.6 8.4

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,566 8,661 564 844 5.6 8.9

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,846 8,470 526 722 5.6 7.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2007

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

Oct.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 6,773 9,469 4.4 6.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 5,233 7,641 4.4 6.4

 Mining ............................................................................................. 9 15 1.3 1.7

 Construction .................................................................................. 641 1,078 6.1 10.8

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 729 1,007 4.3 6.2

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 431 616 4.1 5.9

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 298 390 4.8 6.7

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 907 1,313 4.4 6.3

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 218 316 3.6 5.7

 Information ..................................................................................... 120 168 3.7 5.0

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 307 434 3.2 4.5

 Professional and business services ......................................... 675 1,052 4.8 7.5

 Education and health services .................................................. 534 797 2.7 3.9

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 911 1,126 7.5 8.9

 Other services ............................................................................... 182 334 3.0 5.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 47 97 4.0 7.1

Government workers ..................................................................... 492 552 2.3 2.5

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 338 396 3.1 3.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2007

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Sept.

2008

Oct.

2008

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.4 2.3 2.5 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.1 3.0 3.3 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.4 6.0 6.1 4.8 5.5 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 4.6 6.2 6.4 5.0 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.4 6.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.3 6.9 7.1 5.6 6.4 6.6 7.0 7.1 7.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers 7.9 10.6 11.1 8.4 9.9 10.3 10.7 11.0 11.8

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2007

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

Oct.

2008

Oct.

2007

Oct.

2008

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 79,200 79,601 30,443 30,775 48,757 48,826

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 4,131 4,800 1,871 2,146 2,260 2,655

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,364 1,637 691 872 673 765

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 320 484 189 323 131 161

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 1,044 1,153 502 550 542 603

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,852 7,817 3,933 3,957 3,919 3,859

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.4 5.4 5.0 5.1 5.7 5.7

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,409 4,281 2,422 2,376 1,987 1,905

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,729 1,923 517 659 1,213 1,264

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 297 288 206 193 92 95

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,377 1,269 765 698 613 572

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Oct. 

2007

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

Change

from:

Sept. 2008-

Oct. 2008p

Total nonfarm ............................. 138,837 137,246 137,353 137,656 137,977 137,617 137,550 137,423 137,139 136,899 -240

Total private ........................................ 116,208 115,867 115,067 114,828 115,715 115,154 115,048 114,909 114,666 114,403 -263

Goods-producing ............................................ 22,324 21,790 21,601 21,377 22,101 21,491 21,437 21,367 21,284 21,152 -132

Natural resources and mining .................................. 736 806 807 812 727 768 777 788 796 803 7

Logging ........................................................... 61.7 60.6 61.3 61.5 59.1 57.3 57.7 58.1 58.7 58.7 .0

Mining .................................................................... 674.3 744.9 745.2 750.7 667.8 710.2 719.4 729.6 737.5 744.0 6.5

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 148.1 166.9 165.9 165.7 148.9 160.1 162.4 164.1 165.5 165.5 .0

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 231.2 242.3 239.8 240.0 226.9 230.9 231.3 233.8 234.2 234.9 .7

Coal mining ...................................................... 78.1 83.9 84.4 85.5 78.1 81.3 81.2 83.5 84.4 85.2 .8

Support activities for mining .............................. 295.0 335.7 339.5 345.0 292.0 319.2 325.7 331.7 337.8 343.6 5.8

Construction ............................................................. 7,767 7,465 7,354 7,266 7,577 7,196 7,173 7,153 7,118 7,069 -49

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,765.1 1,669.9 1,634.5 1,618.4 1,736.6 1,621.5 1,618.3 1,612.8 1,595.1 1,582.9 -12.2

Residential building ......................................... 944.0 864.1 844.4 833.3 929.2 845.0 837.6 831.9 821.8 813.7 -8.1

Nonresidential building .................................... 821.1 805.8 790.1 785.1 807.4 776.5 780.7 780.9 773.3 769.2 -4.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 1,055.7 1,015.6 1,010.3 1,004.0 999.5 959.5 955.5 952.8 950.4 946.1 -4.3

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 4,946.0 4,779.8 4,708.8 4,643.5 4,841.3 4,615.1 4,598.7 4,587.8 4,572.2 4,540.2 -32.0

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,306.9 2,144.2 2,111.8 2,075.1 2,263.2 2,077.2 2,070.0 2,055.6 2,051.6 2,032.8 -18.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,639.1 2,635.6 2,597.0 2,568.4 2,578.1 2,537.9 2,528.7 2,532.2 2,520.6 2,507.4 -13.2

Manufacturing ........................................................... 13,821 13,519 13,440 13,299 13,797 13,527 13,487 13,426 13,370 13,280 -90

Production workers ....................................... 9,961 9,716 9,644 9,500 9,934 9,738 9,692 9,636 9,581 9,485 -96

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,759 8,522 8,463 8,361 8,761 8,564 8,541 8,482 8,442 8,367 -75

Production workers ....................................... 6,233 6,013 5,956 5,852 6,232 6,064 6,033 5,980 5,938 5,858 -80

Wood products ................................................... 511.7 477.9 469.4 457.5 511.8 477.3 473.3 467.6 462.7 456.1 -6.6

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 507.2 486.7 479.1 477.6 500.9 479.3 476.6 475.8 472.1 472.5 .4

Primary metals .................................................... 450.9 444.4 445.1 440.9 451.5 446.8 446.0 443.0 444.6 443.5 -1.1

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,569.5 1,540.3 1,529.4 1,516.0 1,568.0 1,537.1 1,531.8 1,534.3 1,525.7 1,515.1 -10.6

Machinery ........................................................... 1,186.5 1,194.6 1,185.6 1,182.9 1,189.0 1,194.4 1,196.5 1,193.0 1,189.8 1,187.7 -2.1

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,254.9 1,252.2 1,245.9 1,239.7 1,256.5 1,247.1 1,246.1 1,247.4 1,245.4 1,241.2 -4.2

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 185.0 185.1 185.2 185.7 185.1 184.6 185.1 185.4 185.6 185.8 .2

Communications equipment ........................... 128.1 130.7 130.8 131.4 128.1 131.8 130.8 131.2 131.4 131.5 .1

Semiconductors and electronic components . 434.5 425.7 423.1 418.9 435.8 422.1 423.2 423.4 422.4 420.2 -2.2

Electronic instruments ..................................... 441.2 447.7 444.6 441.8 441.9 444.9 444.1 444.7 444.2 442.5 -1.7

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 425.2 421.6 417.2 415.6 427.2 422.0 422.4 419.4 416.8 416.2 -.6

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,686.2 1,583.3 1,577.7 1,526.7 1,689.3 1,631.9 1,624.8 1,584.0 1,573.0 1,532.9 -40.1

Motor vehicles and parts2................................. 969.7 865.6 856.6 834.3 974.1 902.8 902.2 866.2 851.7 842.6 -9.1

Furniture and related products .......................... 527.7 490.7 483.7 471.7 528.3 499.5 495.6 487.4 481.8 471.4 -10.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 638.9 630.1 630.1 632.2 638.2 628.8 627.7 630.1 629.9 630.0 .1

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,062 4,997 4,977 4,938 5,036 4,963 4,946 4,944 4,928 4,913 -15

Production workers ....................................... 3,728 3,703 3,688 3,648 3,702 3,674 3,659 3,656 3,643 3,627 -16

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,501.5 1,508.4 1,511.0 1,499.0 1,478.6 1,472.4 1,469.8 1,474.0 1,475.3 1,477.2 1.9

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 197.8 197.0 197.2 194.2 195.2 192.5 192.2 191.3 191.2 189.8 -1.4

Textile mills ......................................................... 165.2 150.5 149.3 147.5 164.9 152.2 149.9 150.6 149.2 147.9 -1.3

Textile product mills ........................................... 156.1 147.4 147.9 147.7 155.9 149.3 148.7 147.9 148.3 147.8 -.5

Apparel ................................................................ 207.0 197.8 196.4 189.9 206.8 196.4 195.9 196.1 193.4 189.4 -4.0

Leather and allied products ............................... 34.0 35.1 35.5 35.3 33.7 34.6 33.9 35.1 35.1 35.0 -.1

Paper and paper products ................................. 458.5 454.2 449.9 451.3 459.2 456.6 454.9 453.4 451.0 451.7 .7

Printing and related support activities ............... 622.5 599.6 595.6 591.9 622.2 601.9 598.9 599.2 595.3 591.4 -3.9

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 113.9 117.3 116.2 114.7 112.6 113.8 114.6 114.1 113.8 113.5 -.3

Chemicals ........................................................... 858.5 859.3 851.8 850.6 860.7 859.8 857.1 855.4 852.6 852.9 .3

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 746.5 730.8 726.2 716.3 745.9 733.9 730.2 726.4 722.8 716.7 -6.1

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Oct. 

2007

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

Change

from:

Sept. 2008-

Oct. 2008p

Service-providing .............................................. 116,513 115,456 115,752 116,279 115,876 116,126 116,113 116,056 115,855 115,747 -108

Private service-providing ............................... 93,884 94,077 93,466 93,451 93,614 93,663 93,611 93,542 93,382 93,251 -131

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,690 26,331 26,204 26,246 26,644 26,431 26,393 26,346 26,278 26,211 -67

Wholesale trade .................................................... 6,077.0 6,025.4 6,007.8 5,989.4 6,069.8 6,034.6 6,017.6 6,007.1 6,005.2 5,983.7 -21.5

Durable goods .................................................... 3,147.8 3,094.9 3,081.5 3,065.0 3,147.4 3,103.6 3,094.3 3,084.9 3,082.2 3,064.1 -18.1

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,093.6 2,083.0 2,076.3 2,077.2 2,086.5 2,088.4 2,078.4 2,075.2 2,071.7 2,070.0 -1.7

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 835.6 847.5 850.0 847.2 835.9 842.6 844.9 847.0 851.3 849.6 -1.7

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,469.3 15,274.7 15,125.2 15,191.1 15,469.1 15,324.2 15,302.4 15,274.7 15,229.9 15,191.8 -38.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,918.3 1,871.1 1,855.1 1,824.6 1,911.9 1,883.3 1,870.6 1,853.2 1,842.0 1,820.6 -21.4

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,250.8 1,197.5 1,187.2 1,162.9 1,247.4 1,215.2 1,204.3 1,189.6 1,180.3 1,160.0 -20.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 579.5 560.8 555.6 559.9 577.3 568.9 569.2 566.4 563.5 560.3 -3.2

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 538.3 527.5 524.1 533.6 537.1 534.9 535.2 535.3 532.6 532.4 -.2

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,272.9 1,256.1 1,231.5 1,226.3 1,285.4 1,238.2 1,230.1 1,237.0 1,237.3 1,235.0 -2.3

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,863.6 2,879.0 2,855.3 2,860.6 2,859.6 2,879.2 2,879.5 2,871.5 2,863.8 2,870.0 6.2

Health and personal care stores ....................... 989.8 983.7 981.2 981.7 991.0 990.4 990.0 985.1 985.5 983.6 -1.9

Gasoline stations ................................................ 862.5 851.4 838.9 835.7 862.0 844.4 841.3 839.8 833.9 835.6 1.7

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,491.7 1,517.8 1,464.0 1,482.3 1,500.9 1,494.8 1,494.8 1,495.8 1,494.1 1,493.4 -.7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 662.4 648.8 652.9 667.6 664.0 654.5 649.3 659.5 660.5 664.6 4.1

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,967.5 2,904.7 2,881.3 2,913.7 2,975.8 2,939.6 2,948.4 2,941.1 2,926.9 2,908.4 -18.5

Department stores .......................................... 1,563.0 1,474.3 1,459.1 1,481.7 1,568.5 1,516.3 1,517.2 1,507.0 1,493.8 1,475.8 -18.0

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 874.6 853.2 856.0 863.2 869.0 858.9 857.4 856.4 856.6 857.0 .4

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 448.2 420.6 429.3 441.9 435.1 437.1 436.6 433.6 433.2 430.9 -2.3

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,588.1 4,468.6 4,510.9 4,502.7 4,548.7 4,514.0 4,513.6 4,505.1 4,481.1 4,471.9 -9.2

Air transportation ................................................ 496.9 494.4 487.9 482.5 495.2 497.6 495.2 490.9 486.3 483.8 -2.5

Rail transportation .............................................. 233.9 232.5 233.0 233.0 234.0 230.0 232.1 230.6 232.2 232.2 .0

Water transportation ........................................... 65.0 64.0 61.7 60.4 64.9 61.8 61.9 60.7 60.1 59.7 -.4

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,449.7 1,420.2 1,408.1 1,400.9 1,433.6 1,400.1 1,398.3 1,400.1 1,390.5 1,385.9 -4.6

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 432.0 351.2 417.8 424.9 417.4 416.4 417.1 416.5 409.2 410.2 1.0

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 40.3 43.2 43.1 43.3 40.3 42.8 43.3 43.0 43.4 43.8 .4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 30.8 38.9 35.0 31.9 30.3 31.3 30.6 30.9 31.0 31.8 .8

Support activities for transportation ................... 590.3 591.2 590.0 592.9 589.9 587.0 590.3 590.8 590.3 590.4 .1

Couriers and messengers .................................. 577.2 576.5 577.4 574.8 577.9 587.7 586.5 585.8 583.6 582.1 -1.5

Warehousing and storage .................................. 672.0 656.5 656.9 658.1 665.2 659.3 658.3 655.8 654.5 652.0 -2.5

Utilities ................................................................... 555.5 562.2 560.5 563.0 556.1 558.1 559.8 559.2 561.4 563.2 1.8

Information ................................................................ 3,015 2,987 2,967 2,967 3,027 2,997 2,988 2,984 2,981 2,981 0

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 893.4 871.3 865.7 865.9 894.6 877.0 873.0 870.4 868.7 867.2 -1.5

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 372.4 383.5 375.1 376.5 380.5 382.0 379.1 379.4 381.3 386.3 5.0

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 325.1 319.1 318.0 319.3 324.8 319.6 320.4 318.4 317.6 319.5 1.9

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,022.5 1,015.1 1,010.9 1,004.6 1,023.6 1,018.9 1,016.1 1,016.0 1,014.1 1,007.3 -6.8

Data processing, hosting and related services . 271.9 266.2 265.9 267.3 273.2 269.8 268.3 268.0 267.9 267.8 -.1

Other information services ................................. 129.4 132.1 131.0 132.9 130.0 130.0 130.8 131.7 131.8 132.9 1.1

Financial activities .................................................... 8,270 8,257 8,176 8,143 8,283 8,213 8,206 8,196 8,180 8,156 -24

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,115.8 6,086.7 6,048.2 6,037.6 6,124.5 6,088.0 6,081.1 6,075.1 6,064.7 6,050.2 -14.5

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 20.7 21.0 20.8 20.1 20.8 20.9 20.9 20.8 20.8 20.4 -.4

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,836.4 2,789.0 2,776.4 2,766.5 2,844.8 2,794.0 2,788.6 2,784.7 2,788.0 2,776.4 -11.6

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,823.7 1,820.5 1,805.4 1,805.0 1,829.3 1,818.1 1,815.3 1,813.2 1,810.8 1,808.0 -2.8

Commercial banking .................................... 1,345.8 1,344.8 1,333.9 1,333.7 1,350.1 1,343.1 1,340.9 1,339.4 1,338.4 1,336.9 -1.5

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 855.9 864.8 851.4 847.6 855.0 866.0 860.6 860.9 851.6 846.0 -5.6

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,314.6 2,323.4 2,311.2 2,314.9 2,315.3 2,319.2 2,323.2 2,320.3 2,316.0 2,318.5 2.5

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 88.2 88.5 88.4 88.5 88.6 87.9 87.8 88.4 88.3 88.9 .6

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,154.3 2,169.9 2,127.6 2,105.3 2,158.6 2,125.1 2,125.3 2,121.3 2,115.3 2,106.2 -9.1

Real estate .......................................................... 1,486.8 1,498.1 1,468.0 1,460.7 1,489.1 1,466.2 1,463.7 1,465.6 1,461.7 1,459.7 -2.0

Rental and leasing services ............................... 637.8 639.6 627.2 613.0 639.7 627.2 629.3 623.8 621.5 614.7 -6.8

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 29.7 32.2 32.4 31.6 29.8 31.7 32.3 31.9 32.1 31.8 -.3

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Oct. 

2007

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

Change

from:

Sept. 2008-

Oct. 2008p

Professional and business services ........................ 18,232 18,022 17,932 17,912 18,070 17,927 17,904 17,854 17,815 17,770 -45

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,718.6 7,818.1 7,783.3 7,823.0 7,759.3 7,850.3 7,855.4 7,859.5 7,865.4 7,877.9 12.5

Legal services .................................................. 1,177.8 1,170.4 1,156.9 1,163.1 1,179.7 1,171.3 1,168.8 1,166.6 1,165.0 1,163.9 -1.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 902.7 894.0 898.1 902.1 971.3 978.0 976.3 977.7 976.3 977.4 1.1

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,459.7 1,486.2 1,463.5 1,464.2 1,451.1 1,466.2 1,466.0 1,464.2 1,458.1 1,457.7 -.4

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,383.5 1,426.3 1,425.8 1,437.9 1,380.0 1,411.7 1,419.7 1,424.5 1,429.0 1,434.5 5.5

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 981.4 1,025.7 1,031.3 1,031.2 974.8 1,014.6 1,019.0 1,019.8 1,028.2 1,028.5 .3

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,850.6 1,841.3 1,824.5 1,826.4 1,860.9 1,837.8 1,830.2 1,832.1 1,828.3 1,827.8 -.5

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,662.3 8,362.3 8,323.8 8,262.8 8,449.6 8,239.2 8,218.1 8,162.7 8,121.1 8,064.3 -56.8

1 Administrative and support services ................. 8,303.7 7,987.0 7,953.5 7,888.7 8,092.2 7,873.5 7,852.3 7,793.5 7,752.1 7,692.4 -59.7

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,723.9 3,374.7 3,379.5 3,336.1 3,567.7 3,363.3 3,339.9 3,285.8 3,250.9 3,200.1 -50.8

Temporary help services ............................. 2,718.8 2,416.6 2,431.3 2,394.9 2,592.0 2,415.3 2,391.6 2,353.5 2,325.3 2,291.7 -33.6

Business support services .............................. 801.2 775.2 777.9 792.5 798.5 785.2 786.2 785.6 786.2 787.2 1.0

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,911.1 1,969.2 1,928.9 1,897.5 1,866.3 1,867.4 1,864.4 1,861.8 1,858.3 1,853.1 -5.2

Waste management and remediation services 358.6 375.3 370.3 374.1 357.4 365.7 365.8 369.2 369.0 371.9 2.9

Education and health services ................................ 18,669 18,658 18,911 19,200 18,490 18,891 18,935 18,997 18,981 19,002 21

Educational services ............................................. 3,143.4 2,791.7 3,035.1 3,238.3 2,974.9 3,099.2 3,111.6 3,126.6 3,079.5 3,068.3 -11.2

Health care and social assistance ........................15,525.4 15,866.3 15,876.1 15,961.4 15,515.1 15,791.3 15,823.3 15,870.8 15,901.9 15,933.8 31.9

3 Health care ......................................................... 13,066.9 13,404.2 13,377.0 13,430.0 13,060.1 13,298.3 13,333.1 13,363.4 13,381.9 13,407.9 26.0

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,550.3 5,716.4 5,713.1 5,747.0 5,547.3 5,667.7 5,693.2 5,703.8 5,718.0 5,729.8 11.8

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,228.1 2,285.6 2,285.9 2,302.7 2,226.1 2,273.1 2,281.1 2,282.7 2,288.8 2,294.8 6.0

Outpatient care centers ................................ 511.0 522.5 516.5 520.6 511.4 516.7 520.3 522.2 518.6 521.5 2.9

Home health care services .......................... 931.1 967.4 969.0 976.4 930.3 954.5 960.8 963.4 967.1 969.5 2.4

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,552.0 4,684.8 4,678.9 4,689.7 4,549.7 4,642.9 4,653.5 4,669.1 4,676.4 4,686.5 10.1

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 2,964.6 3,003.0 2,985.0 2,993.3 2,963.1 2,987.7 2,986.4 2,990.5 2,987.5 2,991.6 4.1

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,605.7 1,612.0 1,603.1 1,607.5 1,603.1 1,608.9 1,606.5 1,607.4 1,602.8 1,605.7 2.9

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,458.5 2,462.1 2,499.1 2,531.4 2,455.0 2,493.0 2,490.2 2,507.4 2,520.0 2,525.9 5.9

Child day care services ................................... 863.1 806.4 855.9 874.0 853.3 848.8 842.2 850.5 860.1 860.0 -.1

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 13,530 14,256 13,765 13,475 13,604 13,679 13,655 13,639 13,618 13,602 -16

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,956.7 2,265.3 2,046.9 1,945.4 1,996.4 2,011.7 1,999.5 2,004.0 1,997.8 2,001.8 4.0

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 425.1 464.2 435.5 418.8 419.0 438.0 433.1 432.9 427.5 429.2 1.7

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 133.3 143.0 132.5 129.9 131.9 132.7 132.1 131.7 130.2 129.4 -.8

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,398.3 1,658.1 1,478.9 1,396.7 1,445.5 1,441.0 1,434.3 1,439.4 1,440.1 1,443.2 3.1

Accommodation and food services ...................... 11,573.2 11,990.2 11,717.9 11,529.2 11,607.5 11,667.4 11,655.6 11,634.6 11,619.7 11,600.3 -19.4

Accommodation .................................................. 1,845.8 1,956.7 1,856.6 1,796.3 1,863.6 1,843.4 1,835.8 1,824.9 1,820.2 1,812.1 -8.1

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,727.4 10,033.5 9,861.3 9,732.9 9,743.9 9,824.0 9,819.8 9,809.7 9,799.5 9,788.2 -11.3

Other services .......................................................... 5,478 5,566 5,511 5,508 5,496 5,525 5,530 5,526 5,529 5,529 0

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,257.4 1,237.5 1,236.5 1,227.4 1,260.1 1,245.6 1,243.8 1,233.9 1,235.1 1,232.3 -2.8

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,297.3 1,325.5 1,319.6 1,316.2 1,303.4 1,312.8 1,315.1 1,318.5 1,320.2 1,319.6 -.6

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,922.8 3,002.8 2,954.5 2,963.9 2,932.8 2,966.5 2,970.8 2,973.6 2,974.1 2,976.6 2.5

Government .............................................................. 22,629 21,379 22,286 22,828 22,262 22,463 22,502 22,514 22,473 22,496 23

Federal ................................................................... 2,722 2,767 2,756 2,761 2,722 2,744 2,750 2,748 2,750 2,756 6

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,964.5 2,047.1 2,038.8 2,037.4 1,963.5 2,013.1 2,018.6 2,025.2 2,031.4 2,038.8 7.4

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 757.8 719.4 717.4 723.3 758.3 731.0 731.5 722.4 718.7 716.7 -2.0

State government .................................................. 5,280 4,958 5,202 5,335 5,138 5,179 5,193 5,210 5,197 5,193 -4

State government education .............................. 2,476.6 2,099.5 2,384.0 2,524.8 2,325.9 2,354.3 2,366.7 2,378.8 2,371.5 2,367.0 -4.5

State government, excluding education ............ 2,803.7 2,858.2 2,817.5 2,810.6 2,812.4 2,824.9 2,826.5 2,831.2 2,825.7 2,826.1 .4

Local government .................................................. 14,627 13,654 14,328 14,732 14,402 14,540 14,559 14,556 14,526 14,547 21

Local government education ............................. 8,258.6 6,999.3 7,843.2 8,287.1 7,994.6 8,053.2 8,072.5 8,058.6 8,032.2 8,055.4 23.2

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,368.4 6,654.4 6,485.0 6,444.4 6,406.9 6,486.8 6,486.5 6,497.4 6,494.0 6,491.3 -2.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for

the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing

NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more

details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Oct. 

2007

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

Change

from:

Sept. 2008-

Oct. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 33.8 33.9 33.6 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.6 33.6 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 40.9 40.6 40.3 40.2 40.6 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.0 40.0 .0

Natural resources and mining .............................. 46.7 45.7 44.9 44.8 46.0 45.0 44.8 45.3 44.4 44.5 .1

Construction ............................................................ 39.6 39.5 38.9 38.8 39.0 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.4 38.3 -.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 41.4 41.0 40.9 40.7 41.2 41.0 41.0 40.9 40.6 40.6 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.7 41.3 41.1 40.9 41.5 41.2 41.3 41.2 40.8 40.8 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.5 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5 .0

Wood products .................................................. 39.7 39.4 39.0 38.0 39.5 39.3 39.0 38.9 38.4 37.9 -.5

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 43.1 43.1 42.8 42.3 42.6 42.1 42.5 42.3 42.0 42.0 .0

Primary metals .................................................. 42.5 42.7 42.5 41.9 42.6 42.5 42.4 42.7 42.3 42.2 -.1

Fabricated metal products .............................. 42.0 41.4 41.4 41.2 41.7 41.2 41.2 41.3 41.2 41.1 -.1

Machinery .......................................................... 43.1 42.5 42.3 42.1 42.9 42.1 42.1 42.7 42.3 42.2 -.1

Computer and electronic products ................ 40.8 41.0 41.2 40.9 40.6 41.2 41.1 41.0 40.8 40.8 .0

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 41.1 40.8 41.3 41.1 40.7 41.0 40.9 41.0 41.1 40.8 -.3

Transportation equipment ............................... 42.8 42.0 41.2 41.6 42.7 42.2 42.6 41.8 40.9 41.5 .6

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 42.4 41.1 41.5 40.6 42.2 41.6 42.1 40.4 41.0 40.7 -.3

Furniture and related products ....................... 39.1 38.8 38.1 37.5 39.1 39.0 38.3 38.1 37.7 37.7 .0

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 39.1 39.6 39.0 38.7 39.0 39.2 39.1 39.5 38.9 38.9 .0

Nondurable goods ............................................... 41.0 40.5 40.7 40.5 40.8 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.3 40.3 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 .0

Food manufacturing ......................................... 41.2 40.7 41.1 40.9 40.8 40.6 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.6 .2

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 40.2 38.6 37.8 37.1 40.6 39.0 38.9 38.2 38.1 37.7 -.4

Textile mills ........................................................ 39.9 39.7 39.6 38.0 40.2 38.9 39.4 39.5 38.9 38.3 -.6

Textile product mills ......................................... 38.9 39.1 38.5 38.0 39.2 39.1 39.2 38.8 38.4 38.3 -.1

Apparel ............................................................... 36.8 36.4 35.8 36.0 36.6 36.4 37.0 36.4 36.0 35.9 -.1

Leather and allied products ............................ 37.9 37.2 37.7 37.4 37.7 38.5 38.4 37.6 37.9 37.7 -.2

Paper and paper products .............................. 43.6 42.9 43.1 42.8 43.3 42.7 42.6 43.0 42.6 42.7 .1

Printing and related support activities ........... 39.1 38.4 38.8 38.7 38.8 38.1 38.0 38.3 38.3 38.3 .0

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 43.1 45.4 46.1 46.8 42.9 44.4 45.4 45.5 45.5 45.8 .3

Chemicals .......................................................... 41.4 41.5 41.5 41.6 41.7 41.8 41.9 41.5 41.4 41.6 .2

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.7 41.0 41.1 40.6 41.7 41.1 41.3 41.0 40.8 40.6 -.2

Private service-providing ............................. 32.3 32.5 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.3 32.3 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.2 33.4 33.4 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.2 33.1 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.1 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.1 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.1 38.3 .2

Retail trade ........................................................... 30.1 30.3 30.4 29.8 30.1 30.1 30.0 30.0 30.1 29.9 -.2

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 36.7 36.7 36.6 36.5 36.7 36.5 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.5 .1

Utilities ................................................................... 42.5 42.0 42.8 42.8 42.2 42.8 42.4 42.2 42.5 42.6 .1

Information ............................................................... 36.2 36.9 37.0 36.9 36.2 36.6 36.7 36.8 36.8 36.8 .0

Financial activities .................................................. 35.5 35.9 35.7 35.7 35.7 35.9 35.7 36.1 36.0 35.9 -.1

Professional and business services .................... 34.8 35.0 34.7 34.9 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.9 34.8 34.9 .1

Education and health services ............................. 32.5 32.6 32.5 32.4 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.5 .0

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.3 25.8 25.0 25.1 25.4 25.3 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 .0

Other services ......................................................... 30.8 31.1 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.9 .1

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining

and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory

workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account

for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private

nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for

the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing

NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more

details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 Oct. 

2007

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2007

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

Total private ....................................... $17.60 $18.05 $18.21 $18.22 $594.88 $611.90 $611.86 $612.19

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.59 18.14 18.17 18.21 594.54 611.32 610.51 611.86

Goods-producing .......................................... 18.86 19.50 19.61 19.60 771.37 791.70 790.28 787.92

Natural resources and mining .............................. 21.02 23.03 23.15 23.06 981.63 1,052.47 1,039.44 1,033.09

Construction ............................................................ 21.25 22.15 22.34 22.31 841.50 874.93 869.03 865.63

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.34 17.73 17.83 17.82 717.88 726.93 729.25 725.27

Durable goods ..................................................... 18.30 18.69 18.79 18.77 763.11 771.90 772.27 767.69

Wood products .................................................. 13.81 14.22 14.35 14.43 548.26 560.27 559.65 548.34

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 16.94 16.86 16.97 16.95 730.11 726.67 726.32 716.99

Primary metals .................................................. 19.81 20.27 20.36 19.98 841.93 865.53 865.30 837.16

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.69 17.07 17.15 17.15 700.98 706.70 710.01 706.58

Machinery .......................................................... 17.68 17.94 18.04 18.00 762.01 762.45 763.09 757.80

Computer and electronic products ................ 20.28 21.25 21.30 21.41 827.42 871.25 877.56 875.67

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 15.80 15.95 16.02 15.80 649.38 650.76 661.63 649.38

Transportation equipment ............................... 23.20 23.81 23.99 24.05 992.96 1,000.02 988.39 1,000.48

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.36 14.59 14.54 14.53 561.48 566.09 553.97 544.88

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.70 15.33 15.41 15.41 574.77 607.07 600.99 596.37

Nondurable goods ............................................... 15.71 16.14 16.28 16.29 644.11 653.67 662.60 659.75

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.61 14.00 14.12 14.08 560.73 569.80 580.33 575.87

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 18.69 18.43 18.83 19.12 751.34 711.40 711.77 709.35

Textile mills ........................................................ 12.93 13.68 13.72 13.75 515.91 543.10 543.31 522.50

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.75 11.78 11.81 11.67 457.08 460.60 454.69 443.46

Apparel ............................................................... 11.16 11.28 11.47 11.40 410.69 410.59 410.63 410.40

Leather and allied products ............................ 12.10 12.94 12.94 13.00 458.59 481.37 487.84 486.20

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.50 18.76 18.98 18.93 806.60 804.80 818.04 810.20

Printing and related support activities ........... 16.48 16.84 16.94 16.98 644.37 646.66 657.27 657.13

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 24.92 27.86 28.43 28.96 1,074.05 1,264.84 1,310.62 1,355.33

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.35 19.58 19.79 19.65 801.09 812.57 821.29 817.44

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.41 15.84 15.89 15.97 642.60 649.44 653.08 648.38

Private service-providing ............................. 17.27 17.69 17.86 17.88 557.82 574.93 576.88 577.52

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.94 16.24 16.30 16.25 529.21 542.42 544.42 537.88

Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.75 20.23 20.21 20.18 752.48 774.81 770.00 770.88

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.85 12.95 13.03 12.89 386.79 392.39 396.11 384.12

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.89 18.50 18.54 18.53 656.56 678.95 678.56 676.35

Utilities ................................................................... 28.44 28.64 28.92 28.84 1,208.70 1,202.88 1,237.78 1,234.35

Information ............................................................... 24.15 24.81 25.03 25.03 874.23 915.49 926.11 923.61

Financial activities .................................................. 19.79 20.30 20.46 20.45 702.55 728.77 730.42 730.07

Professional and business services .................... 20.19 21.06 21.27 21.38 702.61 737.10 738.07 746.16

Education and health services ............................. 18.33 18.84 18.95 18.89 595.73 614.18 615.88 612.04

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.61 10.79 10.89 10.90 268.43 278.38 272.25 273.59

Other services ......................................................... 15.55 15.84 15.94 15.93 478.94 492.62 490.95 492.24

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for

the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing

NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more

details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total Private:

 Oct. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Sept. 2008-

Oct. 2008 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.59 $18.00 $18.06 $18.14 $18.17 $18.21 0.2

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.34 8.17 8.12 8.17 8.19 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.77 19.25 19.33 19.41 19.47 19.52 .3

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 21.05 22.01 22.54 23.02 23.14 23.20 .3

Construction ............................................................................ 21.07 21.77 21.84 22.01 22.10 22.14 .2

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.34 17.71 17.78 17.76 17.80 17.85 .3

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.52 16.93 16.99 16.99 17.04 17.09 .3

Durable goods ..................................................................... 18.28 18.67 18.75 18.70 18.73 18.78 .3

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.73 16.11 16.14 16.18 16.26 16.33 .4

Private service-providing ............................................. 17.28 17.69 17.74 17.82 17.85 17.90 .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.94 16.19 16.20 16.26 16.23 16.25 .1

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.77 20.12 20.16 20.29 20.23 20.23 .0

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.86 12.90 12.90 12.93 12.91 12.89 -.2

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.86 18.39 18.41 18.47 18.48 18.56 .4

Utilities ................................................................................... 28.32 29.14 28.65 28.88 28.82 28.80 -.1

Information ............................................................................... 24.10 24.74 24.82 24.91 24.91 24.98 .3

Financial activities .................................................................. 19.78 20.26 20.30 20.38 20.46 20.48 .1

Professional and business services .................................... 20.31 21.01 21.12 21.30 21.39 21.50 .5

Education and health services ............................................. 18.34 18.75 18.81 18.85 18.90 18.93 .2

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.60 10.85 10.86 10.89 10.90 10.91 .1

Other services ......................................................................... 15.59 15.85 15.90 15.92 15.94 15.98 .3

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers

(CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was 0.2 percent from Aug. 2008 to Sept. 2008, the latest month

available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time

and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for

the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing

NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more

details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Oct. 

2007

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Sept. 2008-

Oct. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 108.2 108.4 106.7 106.4 107.7 107.0 106.9 106.8 106.2 105.9 -0.3

Goods-producing .......................................... 103.5 100.1 98.2 96.6 101.4 97.6 97.2 96.9 95.7 94.8 -.9

Natural resources and mining .............................. 137.5 147.9 145.5 145.7 133.5 137.0 138.3 143.0 141.3 142.4 .8

Construction ............................................................ 120.0 114.8 111.0 109.2 114.5 107.3 106.7 106.8 105.2 103.9 -1.2

Manufacturing ......................................................... 94.6 91.4 90.5 88.7 93.9 91.6 91.2 90.5 89.3 88.4 -1.0

Durable goods ..................................................... 97.6 93.3 92.0 89.9 97.2 93.9 93.6 92.6 91.0 89.8 -1.3

Wood products .................................................. 89.0 82.9 80.1 75.9 88.2 81.6 80.5 79.4 77.6 75.6 -2.6

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 100.8 98.7 96.3 95.0 98.4 94.5 94.2 94.3 92.7 93.1 .4

Primary metals .................................................. 89.9 88.7 88.6 86.6 90.3 89.4 89.0 88.7 88.1 87.6 -.6

Fabricated metal products .............................. 106.0 102.2 101.3 99.6 105.2 101.7 101.2 101.6 100.5 99.2 -1.3

Machinery .......................................................... 105.0 103.2 101.5 100.6 104.6 102.6 102.9 103.7 101.9 101.2 -.7

Computer and electronic products ................ 101.9 101.5 101.2 99.3 101.3 102.3 101.6 101.3 100.1 99.2 -.9

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 88.4 88.1 88.2 87.6 87.9 88.4 88.3 88.0 87.7 87.2 -.6

Transportation equipment ............................... 96.9 86.8 84.5 81.4 96.9 91.0 90.9 86.4 83.8 81.7 -2.5

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 83.9 70.4 70.2 66.3 83.9 75.4 75.9 69.2 69.1 67.3 -2.6

Furniture and related products ....................... 84.9 77.6 75.1 71.5 85.4 79.3 77.2 75.5 74.0 72.4 -2.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 91.0 91.3 89.8 89.2 90.6 89.8 89.5 90.9 89.5 89.4 -.1

Nondurable goods ............................................... 90.1 88.4 88.4 87.0 89.0 87.7 87.3 87.0 86.5 86.1 -.5

Food manufacturing ......................................... 103.7 103.3 104.6 103.1 100.9 100.5 99.9 100.2 100.1 100.7 .6

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 99.4 93.1 91.1 88.8 98.3 90.5 89.5 87.6 87.3 86.4 -1.0

Textile mills ........................................................ 54.2 49.0 48.4 45.7 54.6 48.8 48.8 48.9 47.6 46.3 -2.7

Textile product mills ......................................... 74.1 71.4 71.0 69.7 74.5 72.5 72.6 70.9 70.8 70.3 -.7

Apparel ............................................................... 58.9 56.7 55.6 53.7 58.5 55.8 56.9 56.3 54.7 53.4 -2.4

Leather and allied products ............................ 70.9 73.3 75.5 74.4 69.5 74.3 72.6 74.3 74.4 73.7 -.9

Paper and paper products .............................. 86.8 85.7 85.3 84.2 86.3 85.3 84.9 85.3 84.2 84.3 .1

Printing and related support activities ........... 92.0 86.9 87.1 86.1 91.0 86.6 85.8 86.6 86.1 85.0 -1.3

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 97.7 105.6 106.8 106.5 95.6 98.5 101.5 102.4 102.3 102.6 .3

Chemicals .......................................................... 92.9 95.9 94.5 94.5 93.8 97.1 96.9 95.5 94.6 95.3 .7

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 91.2 87.5 87.2 84.6 91.0 88.3 88.3 87.1 86.0 84.5 -1.7

Private service-providing ............................. 109.5 110.6 109.2 109.2 109.5 109.7 109.3 109.6 109.1 108.9 -.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 104.8 104.2 103.6 102.9 104.6 104.3 103.8 103.6 103.3 102.7 -.6

Wholesale trade ................................................... 110.6 110.3 109.3 109.4 110.5 110.5 110.5 110.0 109.2 109.5 .3

Retail trade ........................................................... 101.2 100.7 99.9 98.4 101.3 100.3 99.9 99.7 99.7 98.7 -1.0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 110.1 107.9 108.8 108.3 108.9 108.4 108.2 107.7 107.3 107.2 -.1

Utilities ................................................................... 96.7 97.6 99.2 99.0 96.2 98.7 97.9 97.4 98.6 98.8 .2

Information ............................................................... 98.9 100.4 100.0 99.9 99.4 100.0 100.0 100.2 100.3 100.6 .3

Financial activities .................................................. 107.3 109.4 107.8 107.5 108.1 108.6 107.9 109.2 108.8 108.3 -.5

Professional and business services .................... 117.6 116.6 115.0 115.5 116.3 115.3 115.1 115.0 114.4 114.2 -.2

Education and health services ............................. 114.3 114.9 116.1 117.5 113.6 116.2 116.5 116.9 116.5 116.7 .2

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 110.8 119.5 111.6 109.6 111.9 112.0 111.5 111.4 111.3 111.1 -.2

Other services ......................................................... 98.8 101.5 99.4 99.7 99.2 99.5 99.6 100.0 99.8 100.1 .3

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by

dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by

the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours

estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours

and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Oct. 

2007

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008

 Aug. 

2008

 Sept. 

2008p

 Oct. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Sept. 2008-

Oct. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 127.3 130.8 129.8 129.5 126.6 128.7 129.0 129.4 129.0 128.9 -0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 119.6 119.5 118.0 116.0 116.6 115.1 115.0 115.2 114.1 113.3 -.7

Natural resources and mining .............................. 168.1 198.1 196.0 195.4 163.4 175.4 181.3 191.4 190.2 192.1 1.0

Construction ............................................................ 137.6 137.3 133.9 131.5 130.3 126.2 125.9 126.9 125.5 124.2 -1.0

Manufacturing ......................................................... 107.3 106.0 105.6 103.4 106.5 106.1 106.0 105.1 103.9 103.2 -.7

Durable goods ..................................................... 111.6 108.9 107.9 105.4 110.9 109.4 109.6 108.1 106.4 105.3 -1.0

Nondurable goods ............................................... 100.0 100.8 101.7 100.2 98.9 99.8 99.6 99.5 99.4 99.4 .0

Private service-providing ............................. 129.6 134.2 133.7 133.8 129.7 133.0 133.0 133.9 133.5 133.6 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 119.2 120.7 120.5 119.3 119.0 120.4 120.0 120.2 119.6 119.0 -.5

Wholesale trade ................................................... 128.7 131.5 130.1 130.0 128.6 131.0 131.2 131.5 130.1 130.4 .2

Retail trade ........................................................... 111.5 111.8 111.6 108.7 111.6 110.9 110.4 110.5 110.4 109.1 -1.2

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 125.0 126.6 127.9 127.3 123.4 126.4 126.3 126.2 125.8 126.2 .3

Utilities ................................................................... 114.8 116.6 119.7 119.2 113.7 120.0 117.1 117.5 118.6 118.7 .1

Information ............................................................... 118.2 123.3 123.9 123.8 118.6 122.5 122.9 123.6 123.7 124.4 .6

Financial activities .................................................. 131.3 137.4 136.3 135.9 132.3 136.0 135.5 137.6 137.6 137.2 -.3

Professional and business services .................... 141.3 146.1 145.6 146.9 140.5 144.2 144.7 145.7 145.6 146.1 .3

Education and health services ............................. 137.7 142.3 144.6 145.9 137.0 143.2 144.1 144.9 144.8 145.2 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 133.6 146.4 138.0 135.6 134.7 138.1 137.5 137.8 137.7 137.6 -.1

Other services ......................................................... 111.9 117.1 115.4 115.7 112.7 115.0 115.4 116.0 115.9 116.5 .5

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated

by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2004 ......................................................... 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7

2006 ......................................................... 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5

2008 ......................................................... 45.4 41.4 47.4 45.6 46.4 42.3 38.3 46.2 p 38.1 p 37.6

2004 ......................................................... 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4

2007 ......................................................... 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4

2008 ......................................................... 46.7 42.7 42.3 44.0 43.1 44.0 36.3 37.4 p 35.9 p 37.0

2004 ......................................................... 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0

2005 ......................................................... 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0

2006 ......................................................... 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8

2008 ......................................................... 51.5 49.8 44.7 46.5 43.6 39.1 37.6 39.1 p 34.9 p 33.8

2004 ......................................................... 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8

2005 ......................................................... 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5

2007 ......................................................... 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7

2008 ......................................................... 53.8 54.6 52.6 50.4 49.3 45.8 44.7 42.5 p 41.2 p 37.2

2004 ......................................................... 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9

2005 ......................................................... 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3

2007 ......................................................... 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3

2008 ......................................................... 40.5 28.6 38.1 35.1 44.6 30.4 26.8 37.5 p 26.2 p 27.4

2004 ......................................................... 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4

2006 ......................................................... 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5

2007 ......................................................... 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7

2008 ......................................................... 35.7 27.4 26.8 29.2 29.8 35.7 24.4 22.6 p 22.6 p 25.0

2004 ......................................................... 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3

2006 ......................................................... 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8

2007 ......................................................... 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7

2008 ......................................................... 34.5 33.9 32.1 28.0 26.8 20.8 19.6 24.4 p 18.5 p 19.0

2004 ......................................................... 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6

2005 ......................................................... 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1

2006 ......................................................... 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9

2008 ......................................................... 29.8 29.8 29.8 24.4 27.4 24.4 23.8 21.4 p 22.6 p 20.8

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment

and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.

See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.