For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 9, 2019 USDL-19-0610 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2019 

The number of job openings fell to 7.1 million on the last business day of February, the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 5.7 million 

and 5.6 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent and the 

layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. This release includes estimates of the 

number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 

geographic regions.

Job Openings 

On the last business day of February, the job openings level fell to 7.1 million (-538,000). The job 

openings rate was 4.5 percent. The number of job openings fell for total private (-523,000) and was little 

changed for government. Job openings decreased in a number of industries, with the largest decreases in 

accommodation and food services (-103,000), real estate and rental and leasing (-72,000), and 

transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-66,000). The number of job openings fell in the Northeast, 

South, and Midwest regions. (See table 1.) 

Hires 

The number of hires was little changed at 5.7 million in February. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 

hires level was little changed for total private and fell for government (-40,000). The number of hires 

decreased in construction (-73,000), nondurable goods manufacturing (-33,000), and state and local 
- 2 -

government education (-22,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table

2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.6 million in February. The total separations rate 

was 3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

Total separations increased in educational services (+30,000), but decreased in nondurable goods 

manufacturing (-32,000) and real estate and rental and leasing (-26,000). The number of total 

separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in February at 3.5 million. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 

quits level was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in educational 

services (+23,000) but decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-15,000). The number of quits was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in February at 1.7 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and

for government. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in federal government (-4,000). The 

number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in February. The other separations level was little 

changed for total private and edged up for government (+9,000). Other separations increased in federal 

government (+5,000), but decreased in construction (-13,000) and real estate and rental and leasing 

(-6,000). The number of other separations fell in the South region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in February, hires totaled 69.3 million 

and separations totaled 66.6 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.7 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for March 2019 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, May 7, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,530 7,625 7,087 5,594 5,829 5,696 5,270 5,532 5,556

Total private....................................... 5,925 6,929 6,406 5,243 5,434 5,341 4,930 5,146 5,187

Mining and logging1............................ 27 38 28 35 35 30 29 31 32

Construction1................................... 198 313 286 391 433 360 318 387 366

Manufacturing.................................. 436 458 477 371 377 349 348 355 341

Durable goods1.............................. 268 295 308 209 190 196 192 174 193

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 169 163 169 162 187 154 156 180 148

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,292 1,454 1,294 1,087 1,127 1,167 1,016 1,098 1,113

Wholesale trade............................. 197 264 211 134 138 144 134 141 134

Retail trade................................... 827 881 840 718 748 767 682 735 724

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 268 309 243 235 241 256 200 222 255

Information1

..................................... 123 136 125 91 82 89 91 93 88

Financial activities.............................. 406 433 320 215 192 202 192 184 183

Finance and insurance..................... 343 291 251 145 112 138 140 113 138

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 63 142 70 70 80 65 52 71 45

Professional and business services......... 1,138 1,472 1,421 1,171 1,120 1,174 1,101 1,085 1,134

Education and health services............... 1,173 1,372 1,267 668 724 714 643 662 709

Educational services1

....................... 91 117 94 90 113 103 107 87 117

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,081 1,254 1,173 578 611 611 537 575 593

Leisure and hospitality........................ 905 1,077 972 1,040 1,116 1,075 1,011 1,043 1,032

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 116 109 106 183 181 179 170 151 162

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 789 969 866 856 935 896 840 892 870

Other services.................................. 228 175 215 175 228 180 180 208 189

Government....................................... 605 696 681 351 395 355 341 386 369

Federal1

......................................... 73 121 111 31 35 36 35 32 36

State and local................................. 532 576 571 320 360 319 305 353 333

State and local education.................. 202 226 223 163 184 162 157 182 170

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 330 350 348 157 176 157 149 172 163

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.2 4.8 4.5 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7

Total private....................................... 4.5 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.6 4.8 3.6 4.9 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2

Construction1

................................... 2.7 4.0 3.7 5.4 5.8 4.8 4.4 5.2 4.9

Manufacturing.................................. 3.3 3.4 3.6 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.3 3.5 3.7 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.4

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.9 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.5 5.0 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.2 3.7 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade............................. 3.3 4.3 3.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3

Retail trade................................... 5.0 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.3 4.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.4 3.6 4.2

Information1

..................................... 4.2 4.6 4.3 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1

Financial activities.............................. 4.5 4.8 3.6 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1

Finance and insurance..................... 5.2 4.4 3.8 2.3 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.8 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 2.8 5.8 2.9 3.1 3.5 2.8 2.3 3.1 2.0

Professional and business services......... 5.2 6.5 6.3 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.3

Education and health services............... 4.8 5.4 5.0 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.0

Educational services1

....................... 2.4 3.0 2.4 2.4 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.3 3.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.2 5.8 5.5 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.3 6.1 5.5 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.7 4.2 4.1 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.2 6.1 6.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.4 6.4 5.8 6.2 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.1

Other services.................................. 3.8 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.9 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Government....................................... 2.6 3.0 2.9 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 2.6 4.1 3.8 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

State and local................................. 2.6 2.8 2.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7

State and local education.................. 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.5 3.7 3.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.8

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total............................................... 6,530 7,593 7,626 7,479 7,625 7,087 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,925 6,956 6,962 6,860 6,929 6,406 4.5 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.8

Mining and logging3....................... 27 36 35 29 38 28 3.6 4.6 4.4 3.8 4.8 3.6

Construction3

............................... 198 278 279 299 313 286 2.7 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7

Manufacturing.............................. 436 500 501 435 458 477 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.6

Durable goods3

.......................... 268 311 315 298 295 308 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.7

Nondurable goods3

...................... 169 189 185 137 163 169 3.4 3.8 3.7 2.8 3.3 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,292 1,558 1,642 1,482 1,454 1,294 4.5 5.3 5.6 5.1 5.0 4.4

Wholesale trade......................... 197 219 217 178 264 211 3.3 3.6 3.6 2.9 4.3 3.4

Retail trade............................... 827 1,080 1,103 986 881 840 5.0 6.4 6.5 5.9 5.3 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 268 259 322 318 309 243 4.3 4.1 5.0 5.0 4.8 3.8

Information3................................. 123 149 124 123 136 125 4.2 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.3

Financial activities......................... 406 435 412 380 433 320 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.8 3.6

Finance and insurance................. 343 303 324 317 291 251 5.2 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.4 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 63 132 88 63 142 70 2.8 5.5 3.7 2.7 5.8 2.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,138 1,363 1,313 1,391 1,472 1,421 5.2 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.3

Education and health services........... 1,173 1,285 1,324 1,348 1,372 1,267 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.0

Educational services3................... 91 92 96 91 117 94 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 3.0 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,081 1,192 1,228 1,258 1,254 1,173 5.2 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 905 1,039 1,050 1,102 1,077 972 5.3 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.1 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 116 94 102 154 109 106 4.7 3.7 4.0 5.9 4.2 4.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 789 944 948 948 969 866 5.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 5.8

Other services.............................. 228 314 282 271 175 215 3.8 5.1 4.6 4.4 2.9 3.5

Government................................... 605 637 665 619 696 681 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.9

Federal3

..................................... 73 101 110 87 121 111 2.6 3.5 3.8 3.0 4.1 3.8

State and local............................. 532 536 554 532 576 571 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8

State and local education.............. 202 231 230 229 226 223 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 330 304 325 304 350 348 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.7 3.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,100 1,277 1,284 1,230 1,281 1,169 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.1

South........................................... 2,357 2,862 2,878 2,848 2,836 2,648 4.2 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.6

Midwest........................................ 1,548 1,800 1,805 1,767 1,827 1,655 4.5 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.8

West............................................ 1,526 1,655 1,660 1,634 1,681 1,615 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,594 5,877 5,821 5,717 5,829 5,696 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,243 5,515 5,447 5,353 5,434 5,341 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 35 37 32 39 35 30 4.9 4.9 4.2 5.1 4.6 4.0

Construction................................ 391 363 393 399 433 360 5.4 4.9 5.3 5.4 5.8 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 371 382 368 351 377 349 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7

Durable goods........................... 209 228 202 186 190 196 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 162 155 166 165 187 154 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,087 1,225 1,183 1,176 1,127 1,167 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 134 163 186 151 138 144 2.3 2.8 3.2 2.6 2.3 2.4

Retail trade............................... 718 785 744 802 748 767 4.5 5.0 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 235 277 253 224 241 256 4.0 4.6 4.2 3.7 4.0 4.2

Information.................................. 91 85 97 80 82 89 3.2 3.0 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.1

Financial activities......................... 215 170 213 201 192 202 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 145 102 135 133 112 138 2.3 1.6 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 70 68 79 67 80 65 3.1 3.0 3.4 2.9 3.5 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,171 1,200 1,136 1,144 1,120 1,174 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.5

Education and health services........... 668 715 692 717 724 714 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0

Educational services.................... 90 97 106 124 113 103 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.3 3.0 2.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 578 618 586 593 611 611 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,040 1,114 1,085 1,037 1,116 1,075 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.3 6.7 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 183 191 180 154 181 179 7.7 7.9 7.4 6.3 7.3 7.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 856 923 905 883 935 896 6.2 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.3

Other services.............................. 175 224 249 209 228 180 3.0 3.8 4.2 3.6 3.9 3.1

Government................................... 351 362 375 364 395 355 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6

Federal...................................... 31 37 44 36 35 36 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 320 325 331 328 360 319 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6

State and local education.............. 163 170 178 176 184 162 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 157 155 153 152 176 157 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 853 870 924 871 879 868 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1

South........................................... 2,194 2,394 2,268 2,204 2,334 2,349 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,269 1,287 1,312 1,324 1,300 1,276 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9

West............................................ 1,279 1,326 1,318 1,318 1,316 1,203 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,270 5,642 5,597 5,469 5,532 5,556 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,930 5,279 5,230 5,122 5,146 5,187 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 29 31 35 34 31 32 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.2

Construction................................ 318 344 380 369 387 366 4.4 4.7 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.9

Manufacturing.............................. 348 352 361 342 355 341 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7

Durable goods........................... 192 208 203 175 174 193 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 156 144 157 167 180 148 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,016 1,195 1,141 1,134 1,098 1,113 3.7 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 134 154 165 143 141 134 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.3

Retail trade............................... 682 801 741 765 735 724 4.3 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 200 240 235 226 222 255 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.2

Information.................................. 91 68 88 87 93 88 3.2 2.4 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1

Financial activities......................... 192 166 195 180 184 183 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 140 104 132 131 113 138 2.2 1.6 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 52 63 63 49 71 45 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.1 3.1 2.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,101 1,161 1,092 1,116 1,085 1,134 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.3

Education and health services........... 643 663 651 652 662 709 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0

Educational services.................... 107 99 101 101 87 117 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.3 3.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 537 564 549 551 575 593 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,011 1,079 1,056 1,007 1,043 1,032 6.2 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 170 176 177 153 151 162 7.2 7.2 7.3 6.3 6.1 6.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 840 904 879 853 892 870 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.1

Other services.............................. 180 219 233 201 208 189 3.1 3.7 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.2

Government................................... 341 363 367 347 386 369 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6

Federal...................................... 35 32 35 44 32 36 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3

State and local............................. 305 332 332 304 353 333 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7

State and local education.............. 157 185 184 163 182 170 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 149 147 147 141 172 163 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 792 816 790 820 770 767 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8

South........................................... 2,131 2,193 2,253 2,197 2,280 2,332 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,093 1,314 1,347 1,231 1,224 1,202 3.4 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.6

West............................................ 1,255 1,319 1,206 1,221 1,258 1,256 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total............................................... 3,176 3,469 3,379 3,391 3,483 3,480 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,012 3,287 3,184 3,205 3,282 3,288 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6

Mining and logging......................... 20 19 20 22 19 20 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.7

Construction................................ 153 180 174 185 185 186 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 214 205 226 211 212 209 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6

Durable goods........................... 119 112 126 111 110 121 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5

Nondurable goods....................... 95 93 100 100 101 87 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 649 732 706 715 727 740 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7

Wholesale trade......................... 83 85 95 89 87 90 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

Retail trade............................... 450 514 480 493 512 501 2.8 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 116 133 131 133 128 149 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.5

Information.................................. 48 43 56 43 51 49 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.7

Financial activities......................... 114 108 101 106 102 103 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance................. 78 61 64 76 64 79 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 36 47 37 31 38 23 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 625 673 625 649 664 645 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0

Education and health services........... 401 461 451 448 433 459 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9

Educational services.................... 53 66 52 52 39 62 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 349 395 400 397 394 397 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 685 732 686 706 753 758 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 75 89 70 56 74 79 3.2 3.7 2.9 2.3 3.0 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 609 643 615 650 679 679 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.8

Other services.............................. 103 134 139 120 137 119 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.0

Government................................... 165 182 195 186 201 191 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9

Federal...................................... 14 16 18 20 14 16 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6

State and local............................. 151 166 178 166 187 175 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9

State and local education.............. 79 92 96 89 105 99 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 72 74 81 77 82 76 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 451 406 412 464 441 427 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5

South........................................... 1,341 1,436 1,391 1,423 1,448 1,499 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7

Midwest........................................ 665 797 817 744 797 761 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3

West............................................ 719 831 759 760 797 793 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total............................................... 1,763 1,855 1,889 1,751 1,695 1,742 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,646 1,731 1,780 1,653 1,562 1,626 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging......................... 7 10 13 10 11 9 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.3

Construction................................ 161 148 192 164 181 171 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 116 130 109 111 123 114 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9

Durable goods........................... 60 83 60 51 52 59 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 56 47 49 60 70 55 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 301 409 366 360 305 313 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 43 58 50 45 43 34 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6

Retail trade............................... 184 256 221 230 179 185 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 74 96 94 85 82 94 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5

Information.................................. 35 21 24 38 32 31 1.3 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1

Financial activities......................... 45 34 64 58 57 56 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 31 20 44 44 33 37 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 15 14 20 14 24 19 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 425 418 426 406 358 416 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0

Education and health services........... 181 165 166 155 175 197 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8

Educational services.................... 44 28 45 42 42 49 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 138 136 121 112 133 149 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 308 320 329 279 263 258 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 91 85 100 96 74 82 3.9 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.0 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 217 236 230 183 189 176 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2

Other services.............................. 66 75 89 73 59 60 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0

Government................................... 117 125 110 98 132 116 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5

Federal...................................... 10 7 5 9 10 6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local............................. 107 118 104 89 122 110 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local education.............. 54 67 63 51 53 48 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 53 51 42 38 70 61 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 285 350 318 303 280 280 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

South........................................... 663 663 720 649 676 710 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3

Midwest........................................ 363 442 464 407 365 380 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1

West............................................ 451 401 387 392 374 372 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total............................................... 331 318 328 327 355 334 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 272 261 266 263 302 273 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 2 1 2 1 2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Construction3

............................... 5 16 14 21 21 8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 19 16 25 19 21 18 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 13 12 17 13 12 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 5 4 8 6 9 5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 66 55 69 59 66 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 8 12 20 8 11 10 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 47 31 40 41 43 39 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 11 12 10 9 12 12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information3................................. 8 3 7 6 11 7 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3

Financial activities......................... 33 24 30 15 25 25 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 31 23 24 11 16 21 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 2 1 5 4 9 3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 51 70 41 61 63 72 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 61 38 33 49 54 53 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 10 5 5 7 6 6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 51 33 29 42 48 47 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 18 27 41 22 28 16 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 4 2 7 1 3 1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services3... 14 25 34 21 25 15 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services3............................. 11 9 4 9 13 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Government................................... 59 57 62 64 53 62 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 9 12 15 8 13 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5

State and local............................. 48 48 50 49 44 49 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 24 26 26 23 24 23 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 24 21 24 25 20 26 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 55 61 61 53 49 59 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 127 95 142 125 157 123 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 65 74 66 80 62 61 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 85 88 60 70 87 92 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,304 7,487 6,708 4.1 4.8 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,730 6,818 6,063 4.4 5.1 4.6

Mining and logging............................................... 27 38 28 3.7 4.9 3.6

Construction....................................................... 198 313 286 2.8 4.2 3.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 436 458 477 3.4 3.5 3.6

Durable goods.................................................. 268 295 308 3.3 3.6 3.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 169 163 169 3.5 3.3 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,195 1,287 1,125 4.2 4.4 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 193 280 201 3.2 4.6 3.3

Retail trade..................................................... 735 698 681 4.5 4.2 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 268 309 243 4.4 4.8 3.9

Information........................................................ 123 136 125 4.2 4.7 4.3

Financial activities................................................ 384 459 285 4.3 5.1 3.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 321 317 216 4.9 4.8 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 63 142 70 2.8 5.9 3.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,074 1,465 1,350 5.0 6.6 6.0

Education and health services.................................. 1,151 1,471 1,227 4.6 5.8 4.8

Educational services.......................................... 91 117 94 2.3 3.1 2.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,060 1,353 1,133 5.1 6.3 5.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 917 1,025 952 5.6 6.1 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 129 103 113 5.7 4.5 4.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 788 922 840 5.5 6.3 5.7

Other services.................................................... 225 165 207 3.8 2.8 3.4

Government.......................................................... 574 669 645 2.5 2.9 2.8

Federal............................................................. 73 121 111 2.6 4.2 3.8

State and local.................................................... 500 548 535 2.5 2.7 2.6

State and local education..................................... 170 198 187 1.5 1.9 1.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 330 350 348 3.5 3.7 3.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,067 1,247 1,095 3.8 4.4 3.8

South................................................................. 2,274 2,802 2,510 4.1 4.9 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,503 1,759 1,585 4.5 5.1 4.6

West.................................................................. 1,461 1,679 1,517 4.1 4.7 4.2

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 4,652 5,533 4,695 3.2 3.7 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,388 5,169 4,436 3.5 4.1 3.5

Mining and logging............................................... 30 39 24 4.2 5.2 3.2

Construction....................................................... 331 394 300 4.8 5.6 4.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 334 391 309 2.7 3.1 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 191 207 174 2.4 2.6 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 144 184 135 3.1 3.9 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 834 934 893 3.1 3.4 3.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 118 153 123 2.0 2.6 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 554 567 588 3.6 3.6 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 162 214 181 2.8 3.5 3.0

Information........................................................ 79 93 77 2.8 3.4 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 179 219 163 2.1 2.6 1.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 125 133 118 2.0 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 54 86 45 2.5 3.8 2.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,049 1,162 1,060 5.1 5.6 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 558 760 602 2.4 3.2 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 72 109 81 1.9 3.0 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 486 651 521 2.5 3.2 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 850 947 868 5.5 6.0 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 120 123 117 5.6 5.6 5.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 730 824 751 5.4 6.0 5.5

Other services.................................................... 145 230 141 2.5 3.9 2.4

Government.......................................................... 263 364 259 1.2 1.6 1.1

Federal............................................................. 26 32 29 0.9 1.2 1.1

State and local.................................................... 237 332 229 1.2 1.7 1.1

State and local education..................................... 122 187 118 1.1 1.8 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 115 144 111 1.3 1.6 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 639 793 645 2.4 2.9 2.4

South................................................................. 1,921 2,346 2,061 3.6 4.3 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,020 1,176 1,004 3.2 3.6 3.1

West.................................................................. 1,072 1,218 985 3.2 3.6 2.9

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 4,227 6,026 4,474 2.9 4.1 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,017 5,680 4,244 3.2 4.5 3.4

Mining and logging............................................... 29 35 31 4.1 4.8 4.2

Construction....................................................... 269 428 313 3.9 6.1 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 296 348 292 2.4 2.7 2.3

Durable goods.................................................. 162 175 167 2.1 2.2 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 134 173 125 2.9 3.7 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 835 1,420 915 3.1 5.1 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 114 148 111 2.0 2.5 1.9

Retail trade..................................................... 573 913 609 3.7 5.8 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 148 359 195 2.5 5.9 3.2

Information........................................................ 82 118 74 2.9 4.2 2.6

Financial activities................................................ 160 210 156 1.9 2.5 1.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 112 124 116 1.8 2.0 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 48 86 40 2.2 3.8 1.8

Professional and business services............................ 948 1,207 984 4.6 5.8 4.7

Education and health services.................................. 503 696 560 2.1 2.9 2.3

Educational services.......................................... 56 83 68 1.5 2.3 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 447 613 492 2.3 3.0 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 756 1,018 780 4.9 6.4 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 87 113 82 4.1 5.2 3.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 669 904 699 5.0 6.6 5.1

Other services.................................................... 139 201 138 2.4 3.5 2.4

Government.......................................................... 211 346 230 0.9 1.5 1.0

Federal............................................................. 29 42 30 1.1 1.5 1.1

State and local.................................................... 182 304 200 0.9 1.6 1.0

State and local education..................................... 83 155 93 0.8 1.5 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 98 148 107 1.1 1.6 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 602 873 555 2.2 3.2 2.0

South................................................................. 1,748 2,482 1,929 3.3 4.6 3.5

Midwest............................................................... 869 1,322 945 2.7 4.1 2.9

West.................................................................. 1,008 1,350 1,045 3.0 3.9 3.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 2,579 3,463 2,856 1.8 2.3 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,466 3,284 2,727 2.0 2.6 2.2

Mining and logging............................................... 18 19 19 2.6 2.5 2.5

Construction....................................................... 125 173 160 1.8 2.4 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 182 196 179 1.5 1.5 1.4

Durable goods.................................................. 100 105 103 1.3 1.3 1.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 82 92 76 1.8 1.9 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 524 725 617 1.9 2.6 2.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 65 92 70 1.1 1.6 1.2

Retail trade..................................................... 364 521 420 2.3 3.3 2.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 95 113 127 1.6 1.8 2.1

Information........................................................ 44 57 42 1.6 2.1 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 99 99 92 1.2 1.2 1.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 63 61 68 1.0 1.0 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 36 38 23 1.6 1.7 1.0

Professional and business services............................ 527 705 543 2.6 3.4 2.6

Education and health services.................................. 326 456 373 1.4 1.9 1.5

Educational services.......................................... 33 38 41 0.8 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 293 417 331 1.5 2.1 1.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 541 716 616 3.5 4.5 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 48 57 52 2.2 2.6 2.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 494 659 564 3.7 4.8 4.1

Other services.................................................... 80 138 87 1.4 2.4 1.5

Government.......................................................... 113 180 129 0.5 0.8 0.6

Federal............................................................. 12 15 14 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 102 165 115 0.5 0.8 0.6

State and local education..................................... 46 90 59 0.4 0.9 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 55 75 56 0.6 0.8 0.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 354 471 327 1.3 1.7 1.2

South................................................................. 1,117 1,450 1,262 2.1 2.7 2.3

Midwest............................................................... 532 762 602 1.6 2.3 1.8

West.................................................................. 576 781 666 1.7 2.3 1.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 1,364 2,145 1,323 0.9 1.4 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,306 2,034 1,265 1.1 1.6 1.0

Mining and logging............................................... 9 15 11 1.3 2.0 1.5

Construction....................................................... 140 235 145 2.0 3.3 2.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 98 127 98 0.8 1.0 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 52 56 54 0.7 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 46 72 44 1.0 1.5 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 249 609 243 0.9 2.2 0.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 43 43 34 0.7 0.7 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 164 333 152 1.1 2.1 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 43 234 56 0.7 3.8 0.9

Information........................................................ 30 50 24 1.1 1.8 0.9

Financial activities................................................ 36 78 45 0.4 0.9 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 26 40 31 0.4 0.6 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 10 39 14 0.5 1.7 0.6

Professional and business services............................ 377 409 374 1.8 2.0 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 122 187 135 0.5 0.8 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 18 39 23 0.5 1.1 0.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 103 148 113 0.5 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 197 274 148 1.3 1.7 0.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 36 54 29 1.7 2.5 1.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 161 220 119 1.2 1.6 0.9

Other services.................................................... 48 50 41 0.8 0.9 0.7

Government.......................................................... 57 111 58 0.3 0.5 0.3

Federal............................................................. 8 14 5 0.3 0.5 0.2

State and local.................................................... 49 97 53 0.2 0.5 0.3

State and local education..................................... 25 47 23 0.2 0.4 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 24 50 30 0.3 0.6 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 202 346 177 0.7 1.3 0.6

South................................................................. 522 846 560 1.0 1.6 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 285 476 297 0.9 1.5 0.9

West.................................................................. 354 476 289 1.0 1.4 0.8

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 285 418 295 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 244 362 252 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 2 2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Construction....................................................... 5 21 8 0.1 0.3 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 16 24 15 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 11 15 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 5 9 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 62 86 55 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 6 13 7 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 45 60 36 0.3 0.4 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 11 12 12 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 8 11 7 0.3 0.4 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 24 32 20 0.3 0.4 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 22 23 16 0.4 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 2 9 3 0.1 0.4 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 44 93 66 0.2 0.4 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 56 54 52 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 5 6 4 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 51 48 47 0.3 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 18 28 16 0.1 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 4 3 1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 14 25 15 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services.................................................... 11 13 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Government.......................................................... 41 56 43 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 14 11 0.3 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 31 42 32 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 12 19 11 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 19 23 21 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 46 55 51 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 109 187 108 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 52 83 47 0.2 0.3 0.1

West.................................................................. 78 93 89 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary