Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

Technical information: 

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-1252 

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ 

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release 

 http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, September 5, 2008. 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: AUGUST 2008 

The unemployment rate rose from 5.7 to 6.1 percent in August, and nonfarm payroll employment 

continued to trend down (-84,000), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor 

reported today. In August, employment fell in manufacturing and employment services, while mining 

and health care continued to add jobs. Average hourly earnings rose by 7 cents, or 0.4 percent, over the 

month. 

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The number of unemployed persons rose by 592,000 to 9.4 million in August, and the unemployment rate increased by 0.4 percentage point to 6.1 percent. Over the past 12 months, the number of 

unemployed persons has increased by 2.2 million and the unemployment rate has risen by 1.4 percentage points, with most of the increase occurring over the past 4 months. (See table A-1.) 

In August, the unemployment rates for adult men (5.6 percent), adult women (5.3 percent), whites 

(5.4 percent), blacks (10.6 percent), and Hispanics (8.0 percent) rose, while the jobless rate for teenagers 

was little changed at 18.9 percent. The unemployment rate for Asians was 4.4 percent in August, not 

seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of persons who lost their last job rose by 417,000 to 4.8 

million in August, with increases occurring among those on temporary layoff and those who do not 

News United States 

Department 

of Labor 

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2005 – August 2008

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

September 2005 – August 2008

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2006 2007 2008

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

2006 2007 2008
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 153,661 154,294 154,390 154,603 154,853 250

Employment ..................................... 146,070 146,089 145,891 145,819 145,477 -342

Unemployment .................................. 7,591 8,204 8,499 8,784 9,376 592

Not in labor force .................................. 79,146 79,117 79,237 79,261 79,253 -8

All workers ......................................... 4.9 5.3 5.5 5.7 6.1 0.4

Adult men ........................................ 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.6 .3

Adult women ..................................... 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.6 5.3 .7

Teenagers ........................................ 16.8 17.4 18.1 20.3 18.9 -1.4

White ............................................ 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.4 .3

Black or African American 

................... 8.8 9.1 9.2 9.7 10.6 .9

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................. 6.5 7.2 7.7 7.4 8.0 .6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 137,917 137,699 137,617 p 137,557 p 137,473 p -84

Goods-producing 1.............................. 21,820 21,565 21,491 p 21,443 p 21,386 p -57

Construction .................................... 7,384 7,242 7,196 p 7,176 p 7,168 p -8

Manufacturing ............................... 13,690 13,563 13,527 p 13,489 p 13,428 p -61

Service-providing 1 ............................. 116,097 116,134 116,126 p 116,114 p 116,087 p -27

 Retail trade 2 ................................. 15,434 15,337 15,324 p 15,306 p 15,286 p -20

Professional and business service ........... 18,063 17,980 17,927 p 17,910 p 17,857 p -53

Education and health services ............... 18,664 18,823 18,891 p 18,942 p 18,997 p 55

Leisure and hospitality ...................... 13,660 13,683 13,679 p 13,674 p 13,670 p -4

Government .................................... 22,358 22,439 22,463 p 22,469 p 22,486 p 17

Total private ....................................... 33.7 33.7 33.7 p 33.7 p 33.7 p 0.0

Manufacturing .................................. 41.1 41.0 41.0 p 41.0 p 40.9 p -.1

 Overtime ....................................... 4.0 3.9 3.8 p 3.8 p 3.7 p -.1

Total private ........................................ 107.4 107.2 107.0 p 106.9 p 106.8 p -0.1

Average hourly earnings, total private ......... $17.81 $17.95 $18.00 p $18.07 p $18.14 p $0.07

Average weekly earnings, total private ....... 600.80 605.40 606.60 p 608.96 p 611.32 p 2.36

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 

p = preliminary.

July-Aug. 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

I 2008 II 2008 June 2008 July 2008 Aug. 2008
3

expect to be recalled to work. Over the last 4 months, the number of unemployed job losers has 

increased by 810,000. (See table A-8.) 

In August, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) rose by 

163,000 to 1.8 million, an increase of 589,000 over the past 12 months. The newly unemployed—those 

who were jobless fewer than 5 weeks—increased by 400,000 over the month. (See table A-9.) 

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

The civilian labor force, at 154.9 million, was about unchanged in August, and the labor force participation rate remained at 66.1 percent. Total employment, at 145.5 million, was little changed from 

July. The employment-population ratio fell over the month to 62.1 percent in August, down 1.3 percentage points from its most recent high of 63.4 percent in December 2006. (See table A-1.) 

In August, the number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons was essentially 

unchanged at 5.7 million. This category includes persons who indicated that they would like to work 

full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or they were unable to find 

full-time jobs. (See table A-5.) 

The number of multiple jobholders increased by 298,000 in August to 8.1 million, accounting for 

5.5 percent of total employed. (See table A-6.) 

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in 

August, an increase of 275,000 over the past 12 months. These individuals wanted and were available 

for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 381,000 discouraged workers in August, little changed from a year earlier. 

Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work specifically because they believe no 

jobs are available for them. The other 1.3 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in 

August had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) 

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment continued to trend down (-84,000) in August. Thus far in 2008, 

payroll employment has declined by 605,000, an average loss of 76,000 per month. Employment continued to decline in manufacturing and employment services, while health care and mining added jobs. 

(See table B-1.) 

Manufacturing employment fell by 61,000 in August. The largest decline occurred in motor 

vehicles and parts (-39,000), which has lost 128,000 jobs over the past 12 months. In August, employment also fell in 2 industries related to home building—wood products (-7,000) and furniture and related 

products (-7,000). Computer and electronic products manufacturing added 5,000 jobs over the month. 

Within professional and business services, employment services lost 53,000 jobs in August; more 

than two-thirds of the decrease (-37,000) occurred in temporary help services. Since its most recent 

peak in August 2006, employment services has lost 419,000 jobs. 
4

Employment in both wholesale and retail trade continued to trend down over the month. Within 

retail trade, motor vehicle and parts dealers shed 14,000 jobs. Since reaching a recent peak in April 

2007, employment in motor vehicle and parts dealers has fallen by 60,000. 

Health care employment continued to grow in August (27,000), with more than half of the gain in 

hospitals. Over the past 12 months, health care has added 367,000 jobs. 

Employment in mining increased by 12,000 in August, with gains occurring in all the component 

industries. Over the past 12 months, job growth has been especially strong in support activities for 

mining (39,000) and in oil and gas extraction (17,000). 

Construction job losses in July and August averaged 14,000, compared with an average monthly 

loss of 45,000 during the first half of 2008. In August, residential specialty trade contractors lost 14,000 

jobs; since a peak in February 2006, employment in the industry has declined by 388,000. 

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In August, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls remained at 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek, at 40.9 hours, 

and factory overtime, at 3.7 hours, fell by 0.1 hour over the month. (See table B-2.) 

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls declined by 0.1 percent in August to 106.8 (2002=100). The manufacturing index fell by 0.9 

percent to 90.5. (See table B-5.) 

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

In August, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls rose by 7 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $18.14, seasonally adjusted. This followed gains of 5 cents in 

June and 7 cents in July. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.4 percent in August to $611.32. Over the 

past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 3.6 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 

3.3 percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.) 

______________________________ 

The Employment Situation for September 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 3, 

at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). 
5

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin 

of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger 

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the 

establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is 

about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey 

because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household 

workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of 

employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus, 

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether 

respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers 

accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force 

from 2000 to 2007. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The 

establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to 

incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly 

revisions, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates 

to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark 

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual 

benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the self-employed? 

While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly 

estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent 

years. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to 

achieve that goal. 
6

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net 

impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of 

a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on 

temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question 

relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially 

counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or

by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000

(100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from

less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 232,211 233,864 234,107 232,211 233,198 233,405 233,627 233,864 234,107

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 153,493 156,300 155,387 152,886 153,957 154,534 154,390 154,603 154,853

 Participation rate ..................................................... 66.1 66.8 66.4 65.8 66.0 66.2 66.1 66.1 66.1

 Employed .................................................................... 146,406 146,867 145,909 145,753 146,331 146,046 145,891 145,819 145,477

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 63.0 62.8 62.3 62.8 62.7 62.6 62.4 62.4 62.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 7,088 9,433 9,479 7,133 7,626 8,487 8,499 8,784 9,376

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.6 6.0 6.1 4.7 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 78,717 77,564 78,719 79,325 79,241 78,871 79,237 79,261 79,253

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 4,965 5,213 5,024 4,733 4,755 4,766 4,888 4,997 4,796

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 112,354 113,154 113,281 112,354 112,803 112,912 113,029 113,154 113,281

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 82,541 84,113 83,296 81,929 82,256 82,602 82,528 82,889 82,807

 Participation rate ..................................................... 73.5 74.3 73.5 72.9 72.9 73.2 73.0 73.3 73.1

 Employed .................................................................... 78,972 78,991 78,423 78,066 78,038 77,954 77,794 77,823 77,632

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 70.3 69.8 69.2 69.5 69.2 69.0 68.8 68.8 68.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,569 5,122 4,872 3,863 4,218 4,648 4,734 5,066 5,176

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.3 6.1 5.8 4.7 5.1 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 29,813 29,040 29,986 30,425 30,547 30,310 30,502 30,264 30,474

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 103,723 104,490 104,613 103,723 104,152 104,258 104,371 104,490 104,613

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 78,793 79,752 79,476 78,526 78,776 78,878 79,037 79,327 79,318

 Participation rate ..................................................... 76.0 76.3 76.0 75.7 75.6 75.7 75.7 75.9 75.8

 Employed .................................................................... 75,821 75,643 75,305 75,274 75,148 75,001 74,998 75,094 74,866

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 73.1 72.4 72.0 72.6 72.2 71.9 71.9 71.9 71.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,972 4,110 4,171 3,252 3,628 3,877 4,038 4,234 4,452

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 3.8 5.2 5.2 4.1 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 24,930 24,738 25,137 25,197 25,376 25,380 25,334 25,163 25,295

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 119,856 120,710 120,825 119,856 120,396 120,493 120,598 120,710 120,825

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 70,952 72,187 72,092 70,957 71,701 71,931 71,862 71,714 72,046

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.2 59.8 59.7 59.2 59.6 59.7 59.6 59.4 59.6

 Employed .................................................................... 67,433 67,876 67,485 67,687 68,293 68,092 68,097 67,996 67,845

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 56.3 56.2 55.9 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.5 56.3 56.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,519 4,311 4,606 3,270 3,408 3,839 3,765 3,718 4,201

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 5.0 6.0 6.4 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.8

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 48,904 48,523 48,734 48,900 48,694 48,562 48,735 48,996 48,779

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,479 112,290 112,401 111,479 111,990 112,083 112,183 112,290 112,401

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 67,319 68,072 68,440 67,616 68,176 68,390 68,446 68,303 68,672

 Participation rate ..................................................... 60.4 60.6 60.9 60.7 60.9 61.0 61.0 60.8 61.1

 Employed .................................................................... 64,311 64,526 64,462 64,826 65,260 65,138 65,238 65,167 65,047

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 57.7 57.5 57.3 58.2 58.3 58.1 58.2 58.0 57.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,008 3,546 3,979 2,790 2,916 3,252 3,208 3,135 3,625

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.5 5.2 5.8 4.1 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.6 5.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 44,160 44,218 43,961 43,863 43,814 43,693 43,737 43,988 43,729

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 17,009 17,084 17,092 17,009 17,056 17,064 17,073 17,084 17,092

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,382 8,476 7,471 6,744 7,005 7,266 6,907 6,973 6,863

 Participation rate ..................................................... 43.4 49.6 43.7 39.7 41.1 42.6 40.5 40.8 40.2

 Employed .................................................................... 6,274 6,698 6,142 5,653 5,923 5,907 5,655 5,558 5,563

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 36.9 39.2 35.9 33.2 34.7 34.6 33.1 32.5 32.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,108 1,777 1,329 1,092 1,082 1,358 1,253 1,415 1,299

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 15.0 21.0 17.8 16.2 15.4 18.7 18.1 20.3 18.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,626 8,608 9,621 10,264 10,051 9,798 10,166 10,110 10,229

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 188,479 189,587 189,747 188,479 189,147 189,281 189,428 189,587 189,747

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 125,033 127,164 126,337 124,596 125,171 125,762 125,704 125,971 125,981

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.3 67.1 66.6 66.1 66.2 66.4 66.4 66.4 66.4

 Employed .................................................................... 119,790 120,357 119,475 119,340 119,667 119,661 119,518 119,542 119,222

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.6 63.5 63.0 63.3 63.3 63.2 63.1 63.1 62.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 5,243 6,807 6,862 5,256 5,504 6,101 6,186 6,428 6,760

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.2 5.4 5.4 4.2 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 63,447 62,422 63,410 63,883 63,975 63,519 63,724 63,616 63,766

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 65,174 66,010 65,729 65,009 65,183 65,392 65,402 65,789 65,690

 Participation rate ....................................................... 76.2 76.7 76.3 76.0 75.9 76.1 76.1 76.4 76.2

 Employed .................................................................... 62,914 63,055 62,683 62,543 62,507 62,491 62,447 62,695 62,446

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 73.6 73.3 72.7 73.1 72.8 72.7 72.6 72.8 72.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,261 2,956 3,046 2,466 2,676 2,901 2,955 3,094 3,244

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.5 4.5 4.6 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.9

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 53,702 54,186 54,491 53,976 54,211 54,400 54,562 54,424 54,668

 Participation rate ....................................................... 59.7 59.9 60.2 60.1 60.1 60.3 60.4 60.2 60.4

 Employed .................................................................... 51,512 51,637 51,630 51,991 52,182 52,177 52,282 52,184 52,118

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 57.3 57.1 57.1 57.8 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.7 57.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,190 2,549 2,861 1,985 2,029 2,223 2,280 2,240 2,551

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.1 4.7 5.3 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,156 6,968 6,117 5,611 5,777 5,971 5,740 5,758 5,623

 Participation rate ....................................................... 47.1 53.2 46.7 43.0 44.2 45.7 43.9 44.0 43.0

 Employed .................................................................... 5,363 5,665 5,162 4,805 4,978 4,993 4,789 4,664 4,658

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 41.1 43.3 39.4 36.8 38.1 38.2 36.6 35.6 35.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 793 1,303 954 806 799 978 951 1,094 965

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 12.9 18.7 15.6 14.4 13.8 16.4 16.6 19.0 17.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,541 27,854 27,896 27,541 27,746 27,780 27,816 27,854 27,896

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,621 18,097 18,057 17,524 17,753 17,742 17,716 17,767 17,973

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.0 65.0 64.7 63.6 64.0 63.9 63.7 63.8 64.4

 Employed .................................................................... 16,268 16,132 16,132 16,176 16,234 16,029 16,085 16,040 16,074

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 59.1 57.9 57.8 58.7 58.5 57.7 57.8 57.6 57.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,352 1,965 1,925 1,347 1,520 1,713 1,632 1,726 1,899

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.7 10.9 10.7 7.7 8.6 9.7 9.2 9.7 10.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,920 9,757 9,839 10,017 9,992 10,038 10,100 10,088 9,923

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,036 8,067 8,133 7,967 7,945 7,909 7,997 7,979 8,066

 Participation rate ....................................................... 72.5 72.0 72.5 71.9 71.3 70.8 71.5 71.3 71.9

 Employed .................................................................... 7,524 7,223 7,329 7,426 7,278 7,202 7,254 7,184 7,239

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 67.9 64.5 65.3 67.0 65.3 64.5 64.9 64.2 64.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 512 844 804 541 667 707 742 795 827

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.4 10.5 9.9 6.8 8.4 8.9 9.3 10.0 10.3

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,782 9,019 9,022 8,794 9,038 9,008 8,973 8,985 9,052

 Participation rate ....................................................... 63.6 64.5 64.5 63.7 64.9 64.6 64.3 64.3 64.7

 Employed .................................................................... 8,200 8,267 8,173 8,226 8,374 8,268 8,305 8,311 8,225

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 59.4 59.1 58.4 59.6 60.1 59.3 59.5 59.5 58.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 582 752 849 568 664 740 668 674 826

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.6 8.3 9.4 6.5 7.4 8.2 7.4 7.5 9.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 803 1,011 903 762 771 825 747 802 856

 Participation rate ....................................................... 30.3 37.7 33.7 28.8 28.9 30.9 27.9 30.0 31.9

 Employed .................................................................... 544 642 631 525 582 558 525 545 609

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 20.5 24.0 23.5 19.8 21.8 20.9 19.6 20.4 22.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 259 369 272 238 189 266 221 257 246

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 32.2 36.5 30.1 31.2 24.5 32.3 29.6 32.0 28.8

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,674 10,802 10,840 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,160 7,326 7,301 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 67.1 67.8 67.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,917 7,030 6,978 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.8 65.1 64.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 242 296 323 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.4 4.0 4.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,514 3,476 3,539 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 31,520 32,179 32,273 31,520 31,911 31,998 32,087 32,179 32,273

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,832 22,193 22,262 21,781 21,917 22,102 22,131 22,071 22,226

 Participation rate ....................................................... 69.3 69.0 69.0 69.1 68.7 69.1 69.0 68.6 68.9

 Employed .................................................................... 20,647 20,505 20,485 20,578 20,404 20,573 20,420 20,435 20,452

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.5 63.7 63.5 65.3 63.9 64.3 63.6 63.5 63.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,185 1,688 1,777 1,204 1,512 1,529 1,711 1,636 1,774

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.4 7.6 8.0 5.5 6.9 6.9 7.7 7.4 8.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,688 9,986 10,011 9,738 9,994 9,896 9,956 10,108 10,048

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,442 12,661 12,697 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 84.6 84.5 84.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,959 11,937 11,824 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 81.3 79.6 78.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 483 725 873 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.9 5.7 6.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,291 8,268 8,399 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 59.9 58.5 59.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,779 7,650 7,761 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 56.2 54.1 54.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 512 618 638 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.2 7.5 7.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,099 1,264 1,166 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 37.1 41.5 38.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 910 919 901 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 30.8 30.2 29.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 189 345 265 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 17.2 27.3 22.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 12,015 11,877 12,129 12,047 12,095 12,119 12,178 12,168 12,197

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.4 46.6 47.2 46.5 45.5 45.4 45.9 47.8 47.5

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,275 10,897 11,020 11,238 11,157 11,118 11,117 11,135 11,022

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 43.5 42.8 42.9 43.4 42.0 41.6 41.9 43.7 42.9

 Unemployed ................................................................. 739 980 1,108 809 938 1,001 1,061 1,033 1,175

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 6.2 8.3 9.1 6.7 7.8 8.3 8.7 8.5 9.6

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 38,388 38,248 38,185 38,575 37,926 38,323 38,170 38,872 38,373

 Participation rate ......................................................... 62.7 62.5 62.6 63.0 62.6 62.8 62.8 63.5 62.9

 Employed ...................................................................... 36,781 36,211 36,059 36,888 36,032 36,349 36,233 36,854 36,191

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 60.1 59.2 59.1 60.2 59.5 59.5 59.6 60.2 59.3

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,607 2,037 2,126 1,687 1,894 1,974 1,937 2,018 2,182

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.2 5.3 5.6 4.4 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 35,959 36,791 36,768 36,010 36,688 36,791 36,824 36,444 36,685

 Participation rate ......................................................... 71.9 71.7 71.7 72.0 72.2 72.4 71.9 71.1 71.5

 Employed ...................................................................... 34,622 35,035 34,910 34,672 35,271 35,219 35,264 34,813 34,912

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 69.2 68.3 68.0 69.3 69.4 69.3 68.9 67.9 68.0

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,337 1,756 1,857 1,339 1,417 1,572 1,559 1,631 1,774

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.7 4.8 5.1 3.7 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 44,331 44,955 45,220 44,604 45,309 44,566 44,993 45,071 45,422

 Participation rate ......................................................... 77.0 77.0 77.2 77.5 78.4 77.7 78.1 77.2 77.5

 Employed ...................................................................... 43,314 43,703 43,823 43,688 44,376 43,588 43,964 43,993 44,182

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 75.2 74.8 74.8 75.9 76.8 76.0 76.3 75.3 75.4

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,017 1,252 1,397 915 933 978 1,029 1,078 1,240

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 2.3 2.8 3.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.7

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,005 2,372 2,302 1,856 2,109 2,122 2,137 2,123 2,142

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,144 1,444 1,419 1,031 1,244 1,241 1,244 1,258 1,289

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 850 894 850 812 839 849 840 844 817

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 11 35 33 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 144,401 144,495 143,607 143,928 144,258 143,898 143,650 143,589 143,284

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 134,578 134,662 134,033 134,294 134,761 134,385 134,132 133,951 133,822

 Government ................................................................ 20,690 20,509 20,821 21,118 21,333 21,263 21,186 21,098 21,259

 Private industries ........................................................ 113,888 114,153 113,212 113,185 113,394 113,116 113,001 112,956 112,607

 Private households ................................................... 819 873 799 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 113,069 113,280 112,413 112,432 112,650 112,315 112,155 112,157 111,851

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,709 9,727 9,490 9,593 9,355 9,384 9,430 9,518 9,381

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 114 106 84 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,494 6,054 5,736 4,517 5,220 5,233 5,416 5,724 5,718

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,838 4,174 4,011 2,955 3,558 3,595 3,816 4,194 4,112

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,113 1,481 1,305 1,175 1,323 1,281 1,336 1,286 1,362

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 17,663 17,442 17,698 19,779 19,809 19,428 19,496 19,406 19,712

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,424 5,947 5,650 4,466 5,125 5,164 5,308 5,599 5,641

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,801 4,111 3,947 2,916 3,513 3,531 3,744 4,156 4,032

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,098 1,469 1,294 1,152 1,331 1,288 1,328 1,277 1,350

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 17,350 17,080 17,302 19,469 19,456 19,047 19,106 19,051 19,281

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 146,406 146,867 145,909 145,753 146,331 146,046 145,891 145,819 145,477

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 6,274 6,698 6,142 5,653 5,923 5,907 5,655 5,558 5,563

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 2,541 2,445 2,247 2,249 2,072 2,040 1,966 1,974 1,988

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 3,733 4,253 3,895 3,387 3,847 3,807 3,678 3,619 3,570

 20 years and over ......................................................... 140,131 140,169 139,767 140,101 140,408 140,139 140,236 140,261 139,914

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 14,139 14,323 13,954 13,862 13,761 13,704 13,720 13,724 13,683

 25 years and over ....................................................... 125,993 125,846 125,812 126,421 126,595 126,394 126,565 126,611 126,281

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 100,319 99,215 99,109 100,531 99,964 99,774 99,813 99,733 99,345

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,662 31,465 31,444 31,696 31,639 31,545 31,488 31,468 31,467

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 34,143 33,371 33,194 34,219 33,740 33,701 33,692 33,613 33,287

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,514 34,379 34,471 34,616 34,586 34,528 34,634 34,651 34,591

 55 years and over ..................................................... 25,674 26,631 26,704 25,890 26,631 26,620 26,751 26,879 26,936

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 78,972 78,991 78,423 78,066 78,038 77,954 77,794 77,823 77,632

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 3,152 3,348 3,118 2,792 2,890 2,953 2,795 2,729 2,766

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,224 1,215 1,100 1,057 937 990 938 931 947

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,927 2,133 2,018 1,738 1,948 1,946 1,879 1,799 1,831

 20 years and over ......................................................... 75,821 75,643 75,305 75,274 75,148 75,001 74,998 75,094 74,866

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,539 7,598 7,377 7,318 7,299 7,250 7,202 7,179 7,165

 25 years and over ....................................................... 68,282 68,045 67,928 68,047 67,809 67,742 67,832 67,952 67,758

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 54,543 53,755 53,661 54,308 53,678 53,652 53,605 53,643 53,480

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,606 17,370 17,326 17,485 17,321 17,309 17,298 17,245 17,221

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,717 18,147 18,157 18,646 18,180 18,147 18,133 18,122 18,092

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,220 18,237 18,179 18,177 18,177 18,196 18,174 18,276 18,167

 55 years and over ..................................................... 13,739 14,290 14,267 13,740 14,131 14,091 14,227 14,309 14,278

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 67,433 67,876 67,485 67,687 68,293 68,092 68,097 67,996 67,845

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 3,123 3,350 3,024 2,861 3,033 2,954 2,859 2,829 2,798

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,316 1,230 1,147 1,192 1,136 1,050 1,028 1,043 1,041

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,806 2,119 1,877 1,649 1,899 1,861 1,799 1,820 1,739

 20 years and over ......................................................... 64,311 64,526 64,462 64,826 65,260 65,138 65,238 65,167 65,047

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,600 6,725 6,577 6,544 6,463 6,454 6,518 6,544 6,518

 25 years and over ....................................................... 57,711 57,802 57,885 58,374 58,786 58,652 58,733 58,660 58,523

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 45,776 45,460 45,448 46,223 46,286 46,122 46,208 46,090 45,865

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 14,055 14,095 14,118 14,211 14,318 14,236 14,190 14,224 14,246

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,426 15,224 15,038 15,573 15,559 15,555 15,559 15,491 15,195

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,294 16,142 16,292 16,439 16,409 16,332 16,459 16,376 16,424

 55 years and over ..................................................... 11,935 12,341 12,437 12,151 12,500 12,529 12,525 12,570 12,658

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 46,201 46,034 45,767 46,193 45,964 45,862 45,911 46,120 45,829

Married women, spouse present .................................... 35,226 35,571 35,478 35,794 36,177 36,171 36,270 36,185 36,055

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,548 8,877 9,036 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 122,870 122,378 121,556 120,976 120,856 120,989 120,542 120,537 119,908

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 23,535 24,489 24,353 24,884 25,245 24,970 25,419 25,431 25,649

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,221 7,743 7,706 7,545 7,644 7,679 7,794 7,757 8,055

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.5

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 7,133 8,784 9,376 4.7 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.1

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,092 1,415 1,299 16.2 15.4 18.7 18.1 20.3 18.9

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 512 654 564 18.6 19.7 21.2 23.3 24.9 22.1

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 577 759 739 14.6 13.2 17.5 15.6 17.3 17.1

 20 years and over ......................................................... 6,041 7,369 8,077 4.1 4.5 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.5

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,275 1,567 1,612 8.4 8.9 10.4 10.1 10.2 10.5

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,780 5,848 6,507 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.9

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 3,933 4,826 5,333 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,546 1,862 2,076 4.7 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 6.2

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,257 1,614 1,723 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.9

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,129 1,349 1,533 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.2

 55 years and over ..................................................... 853 1,014 1,161 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.6 4.1

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 3,863 5,066 5,176 4.7 5.1 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.3

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 612 833 724 18.0 16.9 20.7 19.9 23.4 20.7

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 293 387 300 21.7 22.2 23.3 26.2 29.4 24.0

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 311 447 418 15.2 14.5 19.6 17.1 19.9 18.6

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,252 4,234 4,452 4.1 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.6

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 715 940 933 8.9 9.9 11.0 11.2 11.6 11.5

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,538 3,308 3,542 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.6 5.0

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 2,060 2,759 2,909 3.7 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.2

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 864 1,114 1,173 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.4 6.1 6.4

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 612 925 926 3.2 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.9 4.9

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 584 720 810 3.1 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.3

 55 years and over ..................................................... 479 549 633 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.7 4.2

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,270 3,718 4,201 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.8

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 480 583 576 14.4 14.0 16.6 16.3 17.1 17.1

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 219 267 264 15.5 17.5 19.0 20.3 20.4 20.2

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 266 312 320 13.9 11.8 15.2 13.9 14.6 15.6

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,790 3,135 3,625 4.1 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.6 5.3

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 560 627 679 7.9 7.7 9.6 8.8 8.7 9.4

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,242 2,540 2,965 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.8

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,873 2,067 2,423 3.9 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 5.0

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 682 749 903 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.0 6.0

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 645 689 797 4.0 3.7 4.4 4.2 4.3 5.0

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 545 629 723 3.2 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.2

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 418 550 587 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.4 4.3 4.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,169 1,523 1,646 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.5

Married women, spouse present .................................... 1,146 1,240 1,390 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.7

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 633 820 954 6.2 6.8 6.9 7.9 8.5 9.6

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 5,872 7,327 7,928 4.6 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.2

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,281 1,486 1,543 4.9 4.9 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.7

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not 

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the 

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 3,472 4,562 4,735 3,632 4,014 4,282 4,370 4,407 4,824

On temporary layoff .................................................... 865 1,134 1,126 981 1,099 1,113 1,077 1,037 1,266

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,606 3,428 3,609 2,652 2,915 3,169 3,292 3,370 3,559

Permanent job losers .............................................. 1,852 2,512 2,656 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 755 916 953 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 870 904 1,105 794 850 870 833 861 999

Reentrants ...................................................................... 2,099 2,825 2,729 2,076 2,134 2,460 2,498 2,705 2,652

New entrants .................................................................. 647 1,142 909 603 624 828 748 811 820

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 49.0 48.4 50.0 51.1 52.7 50.7 51.7 50.2 51.9

On temporary layoff .................................................. 12.2 12.0 11.9 13.8 14.4 13.2 12.7 11.8 13.6

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 36.8 36.3 38.1 37.3 38.2 37.5 39.0 38.4 38.3

Job leavers ................................................................... 12.3 9.6 11.7 11.2 11.2 10.3 9.9 9.8 10.7

Reentrants .................................................................... 29.6 29.9 28.8 29.2 28.0 29.1 29.6 30.8 28.5

New entrants ................................................................ 9.1 12.1 9.6 8.5 8.2 9.8 8.9 9.2 8.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1

Job leavers ................................................................... .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

New entrants ................................................................ .4 .7 .6 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 2,493 3,121 3,142 2,610 2,484 3,244 2,712 2,835 3,235

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 2,326 3,291 2,999 2,201 2,495 2,469 2,999 2,823 2,821

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 2,269 3,021 3,338 2,375 2,626 2,773 2,916 3,118 3,402

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 1,021 1,360 1,468 1,124 1,272 1,223 1,328 1,440 1,561

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,248 1,661 1,870 1,252 1,353 1,550 1,587 1,678 1,841

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 17.0 16.3 17.6 16.9 16.9 16.6 17.5 17.1 17.4

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 8.8 8.9 9.5 8.6 9.3 8.3 10.0 9.7 9.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 35.2 33.1 33.1 36.3 32.7 38.2 31.4 32.3 34.2

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 32.8 34.9 31.6 30.6 32.8 29.1 34.8 32.2 29.8

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 32.0 32.0 35.2 33.1 34.5 32.7 33.8 35.5 36.0

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 14.4 14.4 15.5 15.6 16.7 14.4 15.4 16.4 16.5

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 17.6 17.6 19.7 17.4 17.8 18.3 18.4 19.1 19.5

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2007

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Aug.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 146,406 145,909 7,088 9,479 4.6 6.1

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 51,403 52,626 1,389 1,779 2.6 3.3

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,713 22,314 544 645 2.4 2.8

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 29,690 30,312 845 1,135 2.8 3.6

Service occupations ....................................................................... 24,916 25,185 1,531 1,898 5.8 7.0

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 35,824 35,156 1,661 2,218 4.4 5.9

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 16,470 16,114 819 1,089 4.7 6.3

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,354 19,042 842 1,129 4.2 5.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 15,925 15,141 835 1,186 5.0 7.3

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 929 1,082 68 93 6.9 7.9

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,698 8,927 614 856 6.0 8.7

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,298 5,132 153 237 2.8 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 18,338 17,801 1,004 1,466 5.2 7.6

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,419 8,917 510 771 5.1 8.0

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,919 8,883 495 695 5.3 7.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2007

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Aug.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 7,088 9,479 4.6 6.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 5,377 7,359 4.5 6.1

 Mining ............................................................................................. 33 17 4.6 1.9

 Construction .................................................................................. 558 814 5.3 8.2

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 596 960 3.6 5.7

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 341 631 3.3 5.9

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 255 329 4.1 5.4

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 1,028 1,366 5.1 6.6

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 205 309 3.4 5.2

 Information ..................................................................................... 140 144 4.1 4.2

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 371 409 3.7 4.2

 Professional and business services ......................................... 683 961 4.9 6.9

 Education and health services .................................................. 648 844 3.4 4.3

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 877 1,122 7.1 8.7

 Other services ............................................................................... 239 412 3.8 6.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 54 111 4.7 7.6

Government workers ..................................................................... 695 721 3.2 3.3

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 315 378 2.9 3.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2007

July

2008

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Apr.

2008

May

2008

June

2008

July

2008

Aug.

2008

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.5 1.9 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.3 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.6 6.0 6.1 4.7 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 4.9 6.3 6.3 4.9 5.2 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.5 7.0 7.1 5.5 5.8 6.4 6.4 6.6 7.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers 8.4 10.8 10.7 8.4 9.2 9.7 9.9 10.3 10.7

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Aug.

2007

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Aug.

2008

Aug.

2007

Aug.

2008

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 78,717 78,719 29,813 29,986 48,904 48,734

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 4,965 5,024 2,177 2,057 2,789 2,967

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,365 1,640 686 809 679 832

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 392 381 209 237 184 144

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 972 1,259 477 572 495 688

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,221 7,706 3,690 4,040 3,531 3,666

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 4.9 5.3 4.7 5.2 5.2 5.4

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,065 4,210 2,194 2,351 1,870 1,859

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,490 1,755 475 614 1,015 1,141

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 287 345 193 253 94 91

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,353 1,353 812 805 542 548

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Aug. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

 Aug. 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

Change

from:

July 2008-

Aug. 2008p

Total nonfarm ............................. 137,524 138,676 137,208 137,121 137,756 137,764 137,717 137,617 137,557 137,473 -84

Total private ........................................ 116,467 116,236 115,958 115,805 115,544 115,363 115,264 115,154 115,088 114,987 -101

Goods-producing ............................................ 22,589 21,825 21,776 21,785 22,176 21,628 21,577 21,491 21,443 21,386 -57

Natural resources and mining .................................. 743 777 791 807 727 752 760 768 778 790 12

Logging ........................................................... 62.6 57.5 59.4 60.3 59.5 60.8 59.5 57.3 57.7 57.8 .1

Mining .................................................................... 680.3 719.4 731.8 747.1 667.2 690.9 700.6 710.2 720.0 731.8 11.8

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 149.0 162.1 164.7 166.9 147.0 154.2 158.3 160.1 162.3 164.3 2.0

Mining, except oil and gas ................................. 233.6 238.0 239.9 243.3 226.4 225.8 229.6 230.9 231.9 234.9 3.0 1

Coal mining ...................................................... 77.8 81.4 81.9 84.1 77.6 79.3 80.5 81.3 81.3 83.6 2.3

Support activities for mining .............................. 297.7 319.3 327.2 336.9 293.8 310.9 312.7 319.2 325.8 332.6 6.8

Construction ............................................................. 7,912 7,421 7,461 7,468 7,605 7,284 7,246 7,196 7,176 7,168 -8

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,803.0 1,659.8 1,668.8 1,672.9 1,751.2 1,648.2 1,634.9 1,621.5 1,619.4 1,617.9 -1.5

Residential building ......................................... 975.7 867.9 868.8 866.2 945.2 863.9 855.5 845.0 838.5 834.1 -4.4

Nonresidential building .................................... 827.3 791.9 800.0 806.7 806.0 784.3 779.4 776.5 780.9 783.8 2.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 1,061.9 1,011.5 1,015.7 1,017.2 999.0 967.4 965.3 959.5 958.0 956.0 -2.0

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 5,047.1 4,750.1 4,776.1 4,777.7 4,854.7 4,668.0 4,645.6 4,615.1 4,598.6 4,593.7 -4.9

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,388.8 2,153.2 2,160.0 2,138.2 2,294.6 2,117.1 2,094.7 2,077.2 2,067.6 2,053.4 -14.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,658.3 2,596.9 2,616.1 2,639.5 2,560.1 2,550.9 2,550.9 2,537.9 2,531.0 2,540.3 9.3

Manufacturing ........................................................... 13,934 13,627 13,524 13,510 13,844 13,592 13,571 13,527 13,489 13,428 -61

Production workers ....................................... 10,032 9,820 9,718 9,703 9,956 9,799 9,784 9,738 9,700 9,643 -57

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,830 8,629 8,539 8,520 8,792 8,607 8,594 8,564 8,543 8,488 -55

Production workers ....................................... 6,268 6,118 6,023 6,005 6,239 6,112 6,100 6,064 6,039 5,987 -52

Wood products ................................................... 528.5 484.9 483.5 475.5 518.5 490.9 482.4 477.3 473.2 466.5 -6.7

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 511.1 490.0 488.1 486.0 501.2 486.3 482.1 479.3 477.1 476.2 -.9

Primary metals .................................................... 455.2 449.7 444.8 443.4 452.7 450.1 448.7 446.8 445.0 441.5 -3.5

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,566.6 1,543.6 1,534.8 1,539.1 1,562.8 1,544.1 1,544.2 1,537.1 1,534.9 1,536.2 1.3

Machinery ........................................................... 1,188.1 1,200.9 1,203.2 1,196.7 1,187.5 1,193.1 1,195.1 1,194.4 1,197.0 1,196.0 -1.0

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,270.3 1,251.9 1,250.6 1,254.8 1,265.6 1,253.8 1,250.1 1,247.1 1,245.6 1,250.7 5.1

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 186.1 185.7 185.7 187.6 186.1 186.7 186.2 184.6 184.9 187.2 2.3

Communications equipment ........................... 128.0 132.4 130.4 130.4 128.5 130.9 130.4 131.8 130.3 130.8 .5

Semiconductors and electronic components . 442.3 424.1 425.6 425.6 439.9 426.7 424.2 422.1 423.2 424.2 1.0

Electronic instruments ..................................... 445.1 446.3 445.8 448.1 442.5 445.7 445.6 444.9 444.1 445.5 1.4

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 428.1 424.8 424.7 422.0 426.1 421.5 422.1 422.0 422.5 420.3 -2.2

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,707.9 1,648.2 1,588.1 1,579.5 1,705.7 1,630.6 1,636.8 1,631.9 1,624.9 1,580.2 -44.7

Motor vehicles and parts ................................. 993.1 916.2 863.1 861.7 991.2 908.6 908.4 902.8 902.4 863.4 -39.0 2

Furniture and related products .......................... 535.4 505.0 496.4 490.4 533.0 506.4 503.5 499.5 495.1 488.3 -6.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 638.8 630.1 624.5 632.9 638.8 630.2 629.1 628.8 627.9 632.4 4.5

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,104 4,998 4,985 4,990 5,052 4,985 4,977 4,963 4,946 4,940 -6

Production workers ....................................... 3,764 3,702 3,695 3,698 3,717 3,687 3,684 3,674 3,661 3,656 -5

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,516.8 1,476.8 1,491.3 1,502.9 1,480.6 1,473.8 1,473.5 1,472.4 1,468.6 1,468.7 .1

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 201.5 196.5 197.6 196.8 196.1 193.3 193.7 192.5 191.9 191.3 -.6

Textile mills ......................................................... 166.2 153.5 148.5 149.8 166.4 156.4 155.1 152.2 149.5 150.2 .7

Textile product mills ........................................... 157.1 150.0 148.3 147.7 156.9 152.2 151.0 149.3 148.4 147.7 -.7

Apparel ................................................................ 211.3 199.9 195.5 196.2 211.3 198.0 196.6 196.4 195.6 195.8 .2

Leather and allied products ............................... 33.0 35.0 33.1 33.9 33.3 33.9 33.7 34.6 33.8 34.0 .2

Paper and paper products ................................. 460.2 459.4 458.7 455.5 459.1 458.4 458.1 456.6 456.0 454.7 -1.3

Printing and related support activities ............... 620.3 604.6 598.6 599.9 621.0 611.7 607.3 601.9 598.8 600.2 1.4

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 115.3 116.9 118.2 117.2 112.5 112.2 113.4 113.8 114.7 114.1 -.6

Chemicals ........................................................... 868.3 865.9 863.2 859.2 864.2 861.3 861.6 859.8 857.4 855.7 -1.7

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 753.5 739.0 731.9 731.2 750.2 734.1 732.8 733.9 731.0 727.9 -3.1

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Aug. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

 Aug. 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

Change

from:

July 2008-

Aug. 2008p

Service-providing .............................................. 114,935 116,851 115,432 115,336 115,580 116,136 116,140 116,126 116,114 116,087 -27

Private service-providing ............................... 93,878 94,411 94,182 94,020 93,368 93,735 93,687 93,663 93,645 93,601 -44

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,614 26,474 26,367 26,320 26,640 26,496 26,451 26,431 26,392 26,357 -35

Wholesale trade .................................................... 6,066.8 6,072.4 6,052.1 6,025.1 6,047.1 6,043.9 6,038.4 6,034.6 6,018.3 6,007.8 -10.5

Durable goods .................................................... 3,152.5 3,122.0 3,113.0 3,094.9 3,141.9 3,118.1 3,109.8 3,103.6 3,094.5 3,085.1 -9.4

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,081.8 2,103.7 2,091.9 2,082.7 2,072.7 2,086.9 2,089.3 2,088.4 2,079.1 2,075.6 -3.5

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 832.5 846.7 847.2 847.5 832.5 838.9 839.3 842.6 844.7 847.1 2.4

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,493.8 15,302.7 15,282.9 15,271.8 15,502.3 15,355.7 15,331.8 15,324.2 15,306.1 15,286.2 -19.9

Motor vehicle and parts dealers ........................ 1,931.2 1,902.8 1,889.5 1,872.7 1,914.7 1,897.6 1,892.9 1,883.3 1,871.4 1,857.3 -14.1 1

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,253.5 1,223.3 1,212.3 1,199.4 1,245.6 1,228.8 1,224.2 1,215.2 1,204.7 1,193.1 -11.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 573.4 562.0 559.8 561.8 579.2 569.0 568.5 568.9 568.5 568.1 -.4

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 533.8 527.8 527.4 525.5 542.7 534.7 539.3 534.9 535.1 534.1 -1.0

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,334.1 1,296.7 1,269.5 1,256.8 1,315.6 1,240.5 1,240.3 1,238.2 1,229.8 1,235.2 5.4

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,863.9 2,897.7 2,896.4 2,875.3 2,852.2 2,882.4 2,880.7 2,879.2 2,879.7 2,869.1 -10.6

Health and personal care stores ....................... 989.6 992.8 986.9 984.2 989.4 993.4 990.9 990.4 990.4 985.9 -4.5

Gasoline stations ................................................ 872.2 854.5 853.9 851.1 860.8 847.4 841.2 844.4 842.4 840.3 -2.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,522.7 1,460.0 1,492.0 1,519.5 1,501.5 1,495.4 1,494.5 1,494.8 1,495.7 1,499.3 3.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 651.2 633.7 625.0 649.5 661.8 651.5 653.2 654.5 650.1 658.1 8.0

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,928.6 2,895.4 2,904.3 2,897.1 2,978.9 2,939.0 2,928.5 2,939.6 2,947.9 2,944.8 -3.1

Department stores .......................................... 1,532.4 1,475.5 1,482.0 1,471.9 1,573.0 1,528.1 1,514.7 1,516.3 1,519.1 1,512.2 -6.9

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 867.9 860.6 859.3 857.4 869.7 863.3 860.8 858.9 858.7 859.1 .4

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 425.2 418.7 418.9 420.9 435.8 441.5 441.0 437.1 436.4 434.9 -1.5

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,494.6 4,536.4 4,468.4 4,462.0 4,535.4 4,538.3 4,524.1 4,514.0 4,509.3 4,505.0 -4.3

Air transportation ................................................ 498.2 501.4 498.8 495.6 494.6 504.5 501.3 497.6 496.1 492.6 -3.5

Rail transportation .............................................. 236.5 231.3 230.1 229.3 234.4 233.5 233.0 230.0 229.4 227.6 -1.8

Water transportation ........................................... 68.5 63.9 64.5 63.8 65.1 62.3 61.3 61.8 61.9 60.7 -1.2

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,457.3 1,418.8 1,411.4 1,418.7 1,438.2 1,415.2 1,409.8 1,400.1 1,398.1 1,399.5 1.4

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 345.9 413.6 355.1 350.4 413.3 418.3 412.9 416.4 416.1 416.7 .6

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 40.3 43.2 43.8 43.7 40.1 41.3 42.2 42.8 43.3 43.4 .1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 37.7 37.4 40.0 39.4 29.3 31.3 31.1 31.3 31.0 31.0 .0

Support activities for transportation ................... 582.9 590.0 588.5 586.2 583.7 588.2 587.1 587.0 587.8 587.1 -.7

Couriers and messengers .................................. 570.8 583.5 579.8 577.3 579.2 585.0 587.2 587.7 586.8 588.1 1.3

Warehousing and storage .................................. 656.5 653.3 656.4 657.6 657.5 658.7 658.2 659.3 658.8 658.3 -.5

Utilities ................................................................... 558.4 562.7 563.7 561.5 555.1 557.7 557.1 558.1 558.5 557.9 -.6

Information ................................................................ 3,031 3,021 2,997 2,989 3,024 3,007 3,002 2,997 2,988 2,985 -3

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 898.8 878.0 876.8 874.5 897.0 882.8 879.7 877.0 874.2 873.0 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 383.0 398.4 385.1 383.1 376.3 382.5 380.9 382.0 378.3 378.0 -.3

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 326.6 320.3 320.7 318.9 325.2 320.8 321.2 319.6 319.9 318.1 -1.8

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,022.9 1,021.5 1,015.7 1,013.4 1,025.1 1,018.0 1,017.7 1,018.9 1,015.9 1,015.6 -.3

Data processing, hosting and related services . 271.2 272.1 267.1 266.3 272.3 272.2 272.1 269.8 268.1 267.7 -.4

Other information services ................................. 128.1 130.9 131.6 132.9 127.6 130.7 130.1 130.0 131.2 132.3 1.1

Financial activities .................................................... 8,363 8,274 8,281 8,259 8,312 8,229 8,226 8,213 8,210 8,207 -3

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,156.5 6,108.0 6,107.4 6,089.1 6,148.4 6,103.8 6,098.8 6,088.0 6,084.6 6,083.0 -1.6

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 21.3 21.0 21.1 21.0 21.1 21.1 21.0 20.9 20.9 20.9 .0

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,875.4 2,804.4 2,801.9 2,788.2 2,870.4 2,807.9 2,800.5 2,794.0 2,789.8 2,785.0 -4.8

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,832.2 1,822.0 1,824.7 1,822.2 1,825.8 1,822.9 1,820.6 1,818.1 1,816.7 1,816.5 -.2

Commercial banking .................................... 1,352.3 1,347.3 1,347.6 1,347.0 1,347.3 1,344.2 1,343.4 1,343.1 1,341.7 1,342.2 .5

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 853.8 869.8 862.6 866.8 852.6 867.2 866.6 866.0 862.3 866.3 4.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,317.4 2,325.2 2,333.8 2,324.6 2,315.4 2,319.7 2,323.2 2,319.2 2,323.7 2,322.3 -1.4

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 88.6 87.6 88.0 88.5 88.9 87.9 87.5 87.9 87.9 88.5 .6

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,206.6 2,166.1 2,173.2 2,169.7 2,163.3 2,124.9 2,127.3 2,125.1 2,125.4 2,124.0 -1.4

Real estate .......................................................... 1,522.3 1,492.3 1,492.7 1,494.1 1,493.9 1,465.7 1,466.4 1,466.2 1,464.4 1,463.9 -.5

Rental and leasing services ............................... 653.5 641.7 647.3 643.2 638.9 627.4 629.5 627.2 628.7 628.1 -.6

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 30.8 32.1 33.2 32.4 30.5 31.8 31.4 31.7 32.3 32.0 -.3

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Aug. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

 Aug. 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

Change

from:

July 2008-

Aug. 2008p

Professional and business services ........................ 18,157 18,090 18,021 17,994 17,979 18,031 17,982 17,927 17,910 17,857 -53

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,653.4 7,834.3 7,837.1 7,815.3 7,688.0 7,845.6 7,839.1 7,850.3 7,858.8 7,864.8 6.0

Legal services .................................................. 1,177.4 1,188.4 1,184.5 1,172.8 1,174.2 1,172.5 1,172.2 1,171.3 1,170.3 1,169.9 -.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 874.7 910.2 896.4 894.1 954.0 986.1 973.8 978.0 979.1 981.8 2.7

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,458.9 1,482.7 1,492.9 1,485.5 1,439.0 1,464.9 1,464.9 1,466.2 1,467.6 1,466.8 -.8

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,372.5 1,413.3 1,421.8 1,427.2 1,371.2 1,403.9 1,408.9 1,411.7 1,419.6 1,425.9 6.3

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 962.9 1,016.4 1,024.4 1,025.0 956.3 1,001.3 1,006.9 1,014.6 1,017.5 1,019.1 1.6

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,855.6 1,847.9 1,841.9 1,839.9 1,849.2 1,841.0 1,836.4 1,837.8 1,835.0 1,835.0 .0

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,647.5 8,407.3 8,341.6 8,338.5 8,441.3 8,344.4 8,306.0 8,239.2 8,216.6 8,156.9 -59.7

1 Administrative and support services ................. 8,283.1 8,035.7 7,967.6 7,964.3 8,083.4 7,978.9 7,939.8 7,873.5 7,850.5 7,788.9 -61.6

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,670.6 3,391.3 3,335.3 3,362.9 3,570.2 3,462.2 3,421.8 3,363.3 3,336.6 3,283.2 -53.4

Temporary help services ............................. 2,660.5 2,436.9 2,381.8 2,409.3 2,589.4 2,487.1 2,451.6 2,415.3 2,391.8 2,354.9 -36.9

Business support services .............................. 796.2 781.1 777.8 771.1 803.8 792.8 789.2 785.2 784.8 781.0 -3.8

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,960.8 1,991.6 1,988.1 1,974.7 1,858.0 1,864.6 1,865.9 1,867.4 1,867.2 1,870.8 3.6

Waste management and remediation services 364.4 371.6 374.0 374.2 357.9 365.5 366.2 365.7 366.1 368.0 1.9

Education and health services ................................ 18,068 18,700 18,592 18,640 18,422 18,757 18,820 18,891 18,942 18,997 55

Educational services ............................................. 2,632.8 2,876.0 2,776.3 2,781.4 2,981.3 3,030.5 3,047.3 3,099.2 3,113.5 3,129.8 16.3

Health care and social assistance ........................15,434.7 15,823.5 15,815.9 15,858.3 15,440.8 15,726.1 15,772.4 15,791.3 15,828.9 15,867.0 38.1

3 Health care ......................................................... 13,031.8 13,328.3 13,372.1 13,402.0 12,997.8 13,236.3 13,274.7 13,298.3 13,338.1 13,365.0 26.9

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,514.2 5,682.0 5,698.9 5,710.2 5,504.4 5,632.8 5,649.9 5,667.7 5,692.2 5,698.8 6.6

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,214.9 2,275.9 2,283.6 2,285.2 2,211.7 2,259.6 2,265.2 2,273.1 2,281.8 2,281.7 -.1

Outpatient care centers ................................ 507.2 516.7 519.8 521.5 507.2 514.9 516.6 516.7 519.9 521.6 1.7

Home health care services .......................... 925.0 957.7 962.8 965.7 923.0 946.1 951.0 954.5 960.5 962.6 2.1

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,546.0 4,650.9 4,677.3 4,686.5 4,533.4 4,616.2 4,635.0 4,642.9 4,657.2 4,672.0 14.8

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 2,971.6 2,995.4 2,995.9 3,005.3 2,960.0 2,987.3 2,989.8 2,987.7 2,988.7 2,994.2 5.5

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,609.4 1,611.0 1,609.8 1,614.7 1,604.8 1,610.7 1,612.1 1,608.9 1,609.0 1,610.6 1.6

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,402.9 2,495.2 2,443.8 2,456.3 2,443.0 2,489.8 2,497.7 2,493.0 2,490.8 2,502.0 11.2

Child day care services ................................... 812.5 842.8 788.2 799.5 850.7 858.1 860.2 848.8 839.9 843.6 3.7

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 14,108 14,251 14,329 14,254 13,494 13,690 13,679 13,679 13,674 13,670 -4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 2,235.6 2,264.7 2,308.2 2,268.1 1,970.5 2,021.1 2,013.1 2,011.7 2,008.4 2,010.6 2.2

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 437.8 464.8 463.7 465.6 409.2 436.4 434.7 438.0 437.2 438.1 .9

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 141.6 144.0 146.7 144.1 131.1 132.6 133.9 132.7 132.7 133.3 .6

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,656.2 1,655.9 1,697.8 1,658.4 1,430.2 1,452.1 1,444.5 1,441.0 1,438.5 1,439.2 .7

Accommodation and food services ...................... 11,872.3 11,985.9 12,020.8 11,986.2 11,523.6 11,668.7 11,665.8 11,667.4 11,665.7 11,659.7 -6.0

Accommodation .................................................. 1,977.4 1,927.7 1,978.2 1,959.6 1,844.1 1,853.0 1,849.0 1,843.4 1,837.8 1,829.5 -8.3

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,894.9 10,058.2 10,042.6 10,026.6 9,679.5 9,815.7 9,816.8 9,824.0 9,827.9 9,830.2 2.3

Other services .......................................................... 5,537 5,601 5,595 5,564 5,497 5,525 5,527 5,525 5,529 5,528 -1

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,265.0 1,261.1 1,250.2 1,237.9 1,259.6 1,254.0 1,251.7 1,245.6 1,242.9 1,234.7 -8.2

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,311.4 1,331.7 1,322.4 1,320.1 1,305.7 1,309.9 1,310.6 1,312.8 1,313.6 1,315.1 1.5

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,960.1 3,007.7 3,021.9 3,006.4 2,931.2 2,961.4 2,964.3 2,966.5 2,972.1 2,978.2 6.1

Government .............................................................. 21,057 22,440 21,250 21,316 22,212 22,401 22,453 22,463 22,469 22,486 17

Federal ................................................................... 2,745 2,757 2,776 2,767 2,724 2,734 2,740 2,744 2,748 2,747 -1

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,984.8 2,031.9 2,043.6 2,047.4 1,963.4 1,996.0 2,006.5 2,013.1 2,017.8 2,023.6 5.8

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 759.8 725.3 732.3 719.4 760.6 737.9 733.3 731.0 729.7 723.0 -6.7

State government .................................................. 4,854 4,980 4,906 4,924 5,123 5,170 5,174 5,179 5,188 5,191 3

State government education .............................. 2,019.0 2,127.1 2,054.8 2,081.7 2,313.6 2,340.8 2,344.4 2,354.3 2,364.3 2,370.8 6.5

State government, excluding education ............ 2,835.4 2,852.8 2,850.9 2,842.5 2,809.5 2,829.1 2,829.7 2,824.9 2,823.3 2,819.9 -3.4

Local government .................................................. 13,458 14,703 13,568 13,625 14,365 14,497 14,539 14,540 14,533 14,548 15

Local government education ............................. 6,914.8 8,055.1 6,855.7 6,961.6 7,972.0 8,032.1 8,060.0 8,053.2 8,037.2 8,037.2 .0

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,543.1 6,648.3 6,712.3 6,663.5 6,393.4 6,465.0 6,479.2 6,486.8 6,496.2 6,511.2 15.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for

the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing

NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more

details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Aug. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

 Aug. 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

Change

from:

July 2008-

Aug. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 34.0 34.1 33.7 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 40.9 40.7 40.2 40.7 40.6 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.3 40.3 .0

Natural resources and mining .............................. 45.9 45.4 44.9 45.5 45.7 44.9 44.6 45.0 44.9 45.2 .3

Construction ............................................................ 39.6 39.3 39.2 39.6 38.8 38.9 38.5 38.7 38.7 38.8 .1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 41.5 41.2 40.6 41.0 41.3 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 40.9 -.1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.8 41.5 40.8 41.2 41.7 41.3 41.2 41.2 41.3 41.2 -.1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 -.1

Wood products .................................................. 39.9 40.0 39.3 39.4 39.6 38.8 39.1 39.3 39.0 39.1 .1

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 43.4 42.8 42.9 43.1 42.8 42.2 42.3 42.1 42.6 42.4 -.2

Primary metals .................................................. 42.8 42.9 41.7 42.5 43.0 42.4 42.2 42.5 42.2 42.5 .3

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.8 41.3 40.8 41.4 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.2 41.2 41.3 .1

Machinery .......................................................... 42.4 42.2 41.8 42.3 42.6 42.5 42.1 42.1 42.2 42.5 .3

Computer and electronic products ................ 40.5 41.5 40.9 40.9 40.6 41.1 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.0 -.2

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 41.1 41.2 40.4 40.7 41.2 41.1 41.1 41.0 40.8 40.9 .1

Transportation equipment ............................... 43.4 42.6 41.2 41.8 43.1 42.3 42.1 42.2 42.6 41.7 -.9

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 43.2 42.2 40.0 40.9 42.2 41.9 41.6 41.6 42.0 40.2 -1.8

Furniture and related products ....................... 40.3 39.2 38.4 38.6 39.7 38.7 38.8 39.0 38.4 38.1 -.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 39.4 39.3 38.9 39.7 39.4 39.3 39.2 39.2 39.3 39.5 .2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.9 40.6 40.3 40.6 40.8 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.3 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 .1

Food manufacturing ......................................... 40.9 40.6 40.5 40.8 40.6 40.8 40.8 40.6 40.6 40.5 -.1

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 41.6 39.5 39.2 40.0 41.0 39.6 39.7 39.0 39.1 39.4 .3

Textile mills ........................................................ 39.7 39.0 38.8 39.5 39.9 38.4 39.0 38.9 39.3 39.4 .1

Textile product mills ......................................... 39.9 39.7 38.9 39.5 39.9 38.3 38.7 39.1 39.1 39.3 .2

Apparel ............................................................... 37.1 36.6 36.5 36.6 37.2 36.6 36.0 36.4 36.8 36.7 -.1

Leather and allied products ............................ 37.5 38.9 37.8 36.9 37.7 38.6 38.7 38.5 38.3 37.4 -.9

Paper and paper products .............................. 43.1 42.6 42.1 42.9 43.1 43.3 42.5 42.7 42.4 43.0 .6

Printing and related support activities ........... 39.2 37.8 37.5 38.3 39.1 38.5 38.5 38.1 38.0 38.2 .2

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 43.5 45.2 45.9 44.2 43.7 43.2 44.2 44.4 45.2 44.4 -.8

Chemicals .......................................................... 42.1 42.0 41.7 41.6 42.1 41.3 41.3 41.8 41.8 41.5 -.3

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.1 41.4 40.7 41.1 41.3 41.0 41.0 41.1 41.3 41.2 -.1

Private service-providing ............................. 32.5 32.8 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.5 33.7 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.2 33.3 .1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.2 38.9 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.3 -.1

Retail trade ........................................................... 30.4 30.5 30.3 30.3 30.1 30.2 30.1 30.1 30.0 30.1 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 37.2 36.9 36.4 36.8 36.9 36.7 36.5 36.5 36.4 36.5 .1

Utilities ................................................................... 42.4 43.0 42.3 42.0 42.4 42.6 42.4 42.8 42.3 42.2 -.1

Information ............................................................... 36.5 37.1 36.8 36.8 36.4 36.5 36.6 36.6 36.7 36.7 .0

Financial activities .................................................. 35.6 36.5 35.6 35.9 35.8 35.9 36.0 35.9 35.7 36.1 .4

Professional and business services .................... 34.8 35.4 34.7 35.1 34.7 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 35.0 .2

Education and health services ............................. 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6 .0

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 26.0 25.9 25.8 25.8 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.3 25.2 25.2 .0

Other services ......................................................... 31.0 31.1 30.9 31.1 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.9 .1

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining

and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and

nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.

These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the

total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 Aug. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

 Aug. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

Total private ....................................... $17.42 $17.96 $17.99 $18.05 $592.28 $612.44 $606.26 $611.90

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.51 18.00 18.07 18.14 591.84 606.60 608.96 611.32

Goods-producing .......................................... 18.81 19.24 19.38 19.53 769.33 783.07 779.08 794.87

Natural resources and mining .............................. 20.97 21.74 22.44 23.09 962.52 987.00 1,007.56 1,050.60

Construction ............................................................ 21.13 21.69 21.92 22.19 836.75 852.42 859.26 878.72

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.31 17.71 17.72 17.74 718.37 729.65 719.43 727.34

Durable goods ..................................................... 18.27 18.67 18.64 18.68 763.69 774.81 760.51 769.62

Wood products .................................................. 13.61 14.12 14.23 14.21 543.04 564.80 559.24 559.87

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 16.88 16.98 16.94 16.85 732.59 726.74 726.73 726.24

Primary metals .................................................. 19.72 20.25 20.47 20.28 844.02 868.73 853.60 861.90

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.58 16.92 16.93 17.07 693.04 698.80 690.74 706.70

Machinery .......................................................... 17.69 17.87 17.94 17.88 750.06 754.11 749.89 756.32

Computer and electronic products ................ 20.06 21.06 21.16 21.23 812.43 873.99 865.44 868.31

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 16.03 15.75 15.86 15.95 658.83 648.90 640.74 649.17

Transportation equipment ............................... 23.33 23.79 23.72 23.93 1,012.52 1,013.45 977.26 1,000.27

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.31 14.58 14.49 14.59 576.69 571.54 556.42 563.17

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.77 15.15 15.35 15.21 581.94 595.40 597.12 603.84

Nondurable goods ............................................... 15.69 16.08 16.20 16.18 641.72 652.85 652.86 656.91

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.61 13.95 14.01 14.02 556.65 566.37 567.41 572.02

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 17.78 18.57 18.80 18.57 739.65 733.52 736.96 742.80

Textile mills ........................................................ 13.21 13.58 13.76 13.66 524.44 529.62 533.89 539.57

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.74 11.80 11.80 11.75 468.43 468.46 459.02 464.13

Apparel ............................................................... 11.12 11.36 11.35 11.26 412.55 415.78 414.28 412.12

Leather and allied products ............................ 12.10 12.88 12.85 12.81 453.75 501.03 485.73 472.69

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.30 18.89 19.18 18.99 788.73 804.71 807.48 814.67

Printing and related support activities ........... 16.28 16.78 16.79 16.69 638.18 634.28 629.63 639.23

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 25.43 27.17 27.69 27.74 1,106.21 1,228.08 1,270.97 1,226.11

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.47 19.33 19.43 19.66 819.69 811.86 810.23 817.86

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.45 15.69 15.86 15.92 635.00 649.57 645.50 654.31

Private service-providing ............................. 17.05 17.64 17.64 17.68 554.13 578.59 571.54 574.60

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.81 16.20 16.20 16.22 529.64 545.94 541.08 541.75

Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.58 20.05 20.11 20.20 747.96 779.95 770.21 773.66

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.78 12.92 12.93 12.96 388.51 394.06 391.78 392.69

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.84 18.44 18.49 18.43 663.65 680.44 673.04 678.22

Utilities ................................................................... 27.73 29.01 28.41 28.60 1,175.75 1,247.43 1,201.74 1,201.20

Information ............................................................... 23.85 24.73 24.74 24.73 870.53 917.48 910.43 910.06

Financial activities .................................................. 19.65 20.27 20.22 20.25 699.54 739.86 719.83 726.98

Professional and business services .................... 20.01 21.03 21.01 21.04 696.35 744.46 729.05 738.50

Education and health services ............................. 18.20 18.68 18.87 18.87 593.32 610.84 615.16 615.16

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.39 10.77 10.72 10.79 270.14 278.94 276.58 278.38

Other services ......................................................... 15.43 15.85 15.80 15.81 478.33 492.94 488.22 491.69

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total Private:

 Aug. 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

July 2008-

Aug. 2008 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.51 $17.89 $17.95 $18.00 $18.07 $18.14 0.4

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.35 8.27 8.24 8.17 8.12 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.73 19.12 19.17 19.25 19.35 19.42 .4

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 21.09 21.61 21.71 22.01 22.54 23.05 2.3

Construction ............................................................................ 21.01 21.60 21.70 21.77 21.86 22.05 .9

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.33 17.62 17.65 17.71 17.79 17.75 -.2

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.49 16.80 16.85 16.93 17.00 16.98 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................................... 18.27 18.58 18.61 18.67 18.76 18.68 -.4

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.71 15.99 16.04 16.11 16.15 16.20 .3

Private service-providing ............................................. 17.19 17.58 17.64 17.69 17.75 17.82 .4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.85 16.11 16.16 16.19 16.19 16.24 .3

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.66 20.05 20.06 20.12 20.16 20.27 .5

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.80 12.85 12.90 12.90 12.90 12.95 .4

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.79 18.33 18.38 18.39 18.38 18.41 .2

Utilities ................................................................................... 27.99 28.56 28.81 29.14 28.61 28.88 .9

Information ............................................................................... 23.97 24.50 24.67 24.74 24.87 24.86 .0

Financial activities .................................................................. 19.75 20.16 20.23 20.26 20.31 20.35 .2

Professional and business services .................................... 20.25 20.84 20.90 21.01 21.12 21.27 .7

Education and health services ............................................. 18.20 18.64 18.71 18.75 18.83 18.88 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.50 10.79 10.81 10.85 10.87 10.91 .4

Other services ......................................................................... 15.51 15.79 15.81 15.85 15.89 15.91 .1

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was -0.6 percent from June 2008 to July 2008, the latest

month available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate

of time and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Aug. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

 Aug. 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

July 2008-

Aug. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 109.1 109.4 107.9 108.3 107.4 107.5 107.1 107.0 106.9 106.8 -0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 104.8 100.4 98.8 100.2 101.7 98.6 97.9 97.6 97.3 97.0 -.3

Natural resources and mining .............................. 137.3 139.4 141.0 147.3 133.3 134.6 134.6 137.0 138.6 142.9 3.1

Construction ............................................................ 122.3 113.0 113.4 115.1 114.3 109.3 107.5 107.3 106.8 107.1 .3

Manufacturing ......................................................... 95.6 92.9 90.6 91.3 94.4 92.2 92.1 91.6 91.3 90.5 -.9

Durable goods ..................................................... 98.4 95.4 92.3 92.9 97.7 94.8 94.4 93.9 93.7 92.7 -1.1

Wood products .................................................. 93.3 84.3 83.3 82.9 90.4 83.2 82.0 81.6 80.7 80.2 -.6

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 102.4 98.4 98.0 98.7 98.6 95.6 95.1 94.5 94.6 94.8 .2

Primary metals .................................................. 90.8 90.9 87.0 87.8 91.0 90.3 89.2 89.4 88.4 87.7 -.8

Fabricated metal products .............................. 105.1 102.4 100.2 101.7 104.7 103.3 103.0 101.7 101.3 101.4 .1

Machinery .......................................................... 102.5 103.6 102.6 103.3 103.2 103.9 103.1 102.6 103.4 104.1 .7

Computer and electronic products ................ 101.2 103.6 101.2 100.9 101.4 103.1 102.9 102.3 101.9 101.3 -.6

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 88.6 89.4 87.7 87.9 88.6 88.3 88.6 88.4 88.2 88.1 -.1

Transportation equipment ............................... 99.4 93.0 85.6 86.0 98.5 91.5 91.5 91.0 91.0 85.8 -5.7

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 87.7 77.7 68.4 69.6 85.3 76.6 76.3 75.4 75.7 68.4 -9.6

Furniture and related products ....................... 89.3 80.7 77.7 77.2 87.2 80.3 79.8 79.3 77.4 75.9 -1.9

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 91.3 90.3 88.0 92.0 91.4 90.3 89.9 89.8 89.9 91.5 1.8

Nondurable goods ............................................... 90.7 88.6 87.7 88.5 89.4 88.0 87.9 87.7 87.4 87.2 -.2

Food manufacturing ......................................... 104.5 100.6 101.6 103.2 100.8 101.2 101.1 100.5 100.2 99.8 -.4

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 108.0 94.4 95.4 96.6 102.7 89.0 90.7 90.5 90.3 90.4 .1

Textile mills ........................................................ 53.7 49.2 47.2 48.4 54.4 49.5 49.7 48.8 48.6 48.8 .4

Textile product mills ......................................... 77.6 74.4 71.6 72.2 77.1 72.4 72.8 72.5 72.0 71.7 -.4

Apparel ............................................................... 60.5 57.3 56.2 56.3 60.8 56.4 55.1 55.8 56.5 56.4 -.2

Leather and allied products ............................ 66.9 75.8 69.7 69.7 68.0 71.9 72.1 74.3 72.1 71.4 -1.0

Paper and paper products .............................. 86.5 85.8 84.7 85.9 86.0 86.8 85.3 85.3 84.7 85.6 1.1

Printing and related support activities ........... 91.5 86.3 84.6 86.8 91.4 89.2 88.6 86.6 85.7 86.7 1.2

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 97.0 102.8 106.2 103.2 94.7 95.7 97.8 98.5 101.2 100.2 -1.0

Chemicals .......................................................... 95.6 98.8 97.4 96.3 94.9 95.9 96.3 97.1 96.8 95.8 -1.0

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 90.4 89.7 87.2 87.9 90.5 88.0 88.0 88.3 88.6 87.8 -.9

Private service-providing ............................. 110.1 112.1 110.4 110.5 109.1 109.8 109.7 109.7 109.3 109.6 .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 105.3 105.7 104.4 104.1 104.7 104.8 104.4 104.3 103.8 103.9 .1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 110.4 113.0 110.9 110.3 110.0 110.7 110.6 110.5 110.5 110.0 -.5

Retail trade ........................................................... 102.3 101.5 100.7 100.6 101.3 100.8 100.4 100.3 99.9 100.0 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 109.0 110.2 107.0 107.9 109.0 109.5 108.8 108.4 108.0 108.0 .0

Utilities ................................................................... 97.0 100.1 98.6 97.2 96.4 97.8 97.2 98.7 97.4 97.0 -.4

Information ............................................................... 100.2 102.3 100.7 100.3 99.6 100.0 100.2 100.0 100.0 99.9 -.1

Financial activities .................................................. 108.8 111.4 108.7 109.5 108.7 108.7 108.9 108.6 108.0 109.3 1.2

Professional and business services .................... 116.9 118.5 115.6 116.7 115.3 116.1 115.6 115.3 115.1 115.2 .1

Education and health services ............................. 111.1 115.4 114.4 114.7 113.3 115.4 116.1 116.2 116.6 116.9 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 119.2 119.9 120.2 119.3 111.2 112.6 112.0 112.0 111.6 111.5 -.1

Other services ......................................................... 100.5 102.0 101.4 101.5 99.1 99.6 99.6 99.5 99.6 100.1 .5

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by

dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by

the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours

estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours

and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Aug. 

2007

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

 Aug. 

2007

 Apr. 

2008

 May 

2008

 June 

2008

 July 

2008p

 Aug. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

July 2008-

Aug. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 126.9 131.3 129.7 130.7 125.7 128.5 128.4 128.7 129.1 129.4 0.2

Goods-producing .......................................... 120.7 118.3 117.3 119.9 116.6 115.5 114.9 115.1 115.2 115.4 .2

Natural resources and mining .............................. 167.5 176.3 184.0 197.7 163.5 169.1 170.0 175.4 181.7 191.6 5.4

Construction ............................................................ 139.5 132.4 134.3 137.9 129.7 127.5 126.0 126.2 126.1 127.5 1.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 108.2 107.5 104.9 105.9 107.0 106.3 106.3 106.1 106.2 105.1 -1.0

Durable goods ..................................................... 112.3 111.2 107.4 108.4 111.5 110.0 109.7 109.4 109.7 108.1 -1.5

Nondurable goods ............................................... 100.6 100.6 100.4 101.1 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.8 99.7 99.9 .2

Private service-providing ............................. 128.7 135.5 133.6 134.0 128.6 132.3 132.7 133.0 133.0 133.9 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 118.7 122.2 120.6 120.4 118.4 120.5 120.3 120.4 119.9 120.4 .4

Wholesale trade ................................................... 127.3 133.5 131.4 131.3 127.4 130.8 130.7 131.0 131.2 131.3 .1

Retail trade ........................................................... 112.0 112.4 111.6 111.8 111.1 111.1 111.0 110.9 110.4 111.1 .6

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 123.4 128.9 125.5 126.2 123.0 127.4 126.8 126.4 125.9 126.1 .2

Utilities ................................................................... 112.3 121.2 116.9 116.0 112.6 116.6 116.9 120.0 116.3 117.0 .6

Information ............................................................... 118.3 125.3 123.3 122.8 118.2 121.3 122.3 122.5 123.1 123.0 -.1

Financial activities .................................................. 132.2 139.6 135.9 137.1 132.7 135.5 136.2 136.0 135.6 137.5 1.4

Professional and business services .................... 139.2 148.2 144.6 146.1 138.9 143.9 143.8 144.2 144.6 145.7 .8

Education and health services ............................. 132.9 141.8 142.0 142.3 135.5 141.4 142.8 143.2 144.3 145.2 .6

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 140.6 146.7 146.3 146.2 132.6 138.0 137.5 138.1 137.7 138.2 .4

Other services ......................................................... 113.0 117.8 116.7 116.9 112.0 114.6 114.8 115.0 115.3 116.0 .6

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated

by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2004 ......................................................... 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7

2006 ......................................................... 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5

2008 ......................................................... 45.4 41.4 47.4 45.6 46.4 42.3 p 41.4 p 48.9

2004 ......................................................... 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4

2007 ......................................................... 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4

2008 ......................................................... 46.7 42.7 42.3 44.0 43.1 44.0 p 38.3 p 40.1

2004 ......................................................... 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0

2005 ......................................................... 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0

2006 ......................................................... 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8

2008 ......................................................... 51.5 49.8 44.7 46.5 43.6 39.1 p 38.9 p 41.2

2004 ......................................................... 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8

2005 ......................................................... 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5

2007 ......................................................... 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7

2008 ......................................................... 53.8 54.6 52.6 50.4 49.3 45.8 p 45.8 p 42.9

2004 ......................................................... 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9

2005 ......................................................... 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3

2007 ......................................................... 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3

2008 ......................................................... 40.5 28.6 38.1 35.1 44.6 30.4 p 28.6 p 38.7

2004 ......................................................... 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4

2006 ......................................................... 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5

2007 ......................................................... 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7

2008 ......................................................... 35.7 27.4 26.8 29.2 29.8 35.7 p 23.8 p 25.6

2004 ......................................................... 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3

2006 ......................................................... 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8

2007 ......................................................... 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7

2008 ......................................................... 34.5 33.9 32.1 28.0 26.8 20.8 p 21.4 p 26.8

2004 ......................................................... 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6

2005 ......................................................... 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1

2006 ......................................................... 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9

2008 ......................................................... 29.8 29.8 29.8 24.4 27.4 24.4 p 25.0 p 22.6

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment

and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.

See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.