2

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: 691-6555

http://www.bls.gov/ces/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 04-2260

Transmission of material in this release

is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),

Friday, November 5, 2004.

124.0

126.0

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2001 – October 2004

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

November 2001 – October 2004

2002 2003 2004 2002 2003 2004

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: OCTOBER 2004

Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 337,000 in October, and the unemployment rate was about

unchanged at 5.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.

Construction employment rose sharply over the month, and several service-providing industries also added

jobs.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

Both the number of unemployed persons, 8.1 million, and the unemployment rate, 5.5 percent, were essentially unchanged from September to October. The jobless rate has held fairly steady thus far this year

and remains below its most recent high of 6.3 percent in June 2003.

In October, the unemployment rates for the major worker groups—adult men (4.9 percent), adult women (4.8 percent), teenagers (17.2 percent), whites (4.7 percent), blacks (10.7 percent), and Hispanics or

Latinos (6.7 percent)—showed little or no change over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians was

4.8 percent in October, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Total employment edged up in October to 139.8 million, and the employment-population ratio—the

proportion of the population age 16 and over with jobs—remained at 62.3 percent. The civilian labor
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Quarterly averages Monthly data Sept.-

Category Oct.

II III Aug. Sept. Oct. change 

Labor force status

Civilian labor force.................................... 146,998 147,681 147,704 147,483 147,850 367

Employment....................................... 138,793 139,607 139,681 139,480 139,778 298 

Unemployment.................................... 8,205 8,074 8,022 8,003 8,072 69

Not in labor force.................................... 75,975 75,999 75,973 76,458 76,342 -116

All workers........................................... 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5 0.1

Adult men.......................................... 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 -.1

Adult women....................................... 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 .1

Teenagers.......................................... 17.0 17.1 17.0 16.6 17.2 .6

White .............................................. 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 .0

Black or African American ..................... 9.9 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.7 .4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity..................... 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.1 6.7 -.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment................................. 131,125 p131,521 131,541 p131,680 p132,017 p337

Goods-producing 1................................. 21,869 p21,927 21,939 p21,935 p22,000 p65

Construction.................................... 6,897 p6,932 6,936 p6,945 p7,016 p71

Manufacturing................................. 14,385 p14,403 14,412 p14,398 p14,393 p-5

Service-providing 1.............................. 109,256 p109,595 109,602 p109,745 p110,017 p272

Retail trade 2

.................................... 15,047 p15,043 15,049 p15,043 p15,064 p21

Professional and business services......... 16,417 p16,523 16,518 p16,562 p16,659 p97

Education and health services............... 16,874 p16,950 16,965 p16,984 p17,046 p62

Leisure and hospitality........................ 12,324 p12,345 12,341 p12,351 p12,364 p13

Government.................................... 21,548 p21,625 21,629 p21,673 p21,714 p41

Total private............................................. 33.7 p33.8 33.7 p33.8 p33.8 p0.0

Manufacturing..................................... 40.9 p40.8 40.9 p40.8 p40.7 p-.1

Overtime....................................... 4.6 p4.6 4.6 p4.6 p4.5 p-.1

 

Total private............................................. 99.8 p100.6 100.4 p100.8 p101.1 p0.3

Average hourly earnings, total private............ $15.63 p$15.75 $15.76 p$15.78 p$15.83 p$0.05 

Average weekly earnings, total private............ 526.62 p531.82 531.11 p533.36 p535.05 p1.69

 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

 2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated based on unrounded data.

 3 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.

Unemployment rates 

Employment

2004

Earnings 3

Hours of work 3

HOUSEHOLD DATA

 p=preliminary.

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

2004
3

force rose by 367,000 over the month to 147.9 million, and the labor force participation rate was unchanged

at 65.9 percent. (See table A-1.)

Over the year, the number of persons who held more than one job rose by 519,000 to 8.0 million, not

seasonally adjusted. These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of total employment in October,

compared with 5.4 percent a year earlier. (See table A-13.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

The number of persons who were marginally attached to the labor force was 1.6 million in October,

about the same as a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals wanted and were

available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as

unemployed, however, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.

There were 429,000 discouraged workers in October, little changed from a year earlier. Discouraged

workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they

believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.2 million marginally attached had not searched for

work for reasons such as school or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 337,000 in October to 132.0 million, seasonally adjusted. This followed job gains of 139,000 in September and 198,000 in August (as revised). Over the

month, there was a large job gain in construction as well as notable increases in several service-providing

industries. Since August 2003, payroll employment has risen by 2.2 million. (See table B-1.)

Boosted by cleanup and reconstruction efforts in hurricane-affected areas of the Southeast, employment

in construction increased by 71,000 in October. The construction industry has added 355,000 jobs since its

most recent low in March 2003. Most of the October employment gain in construction occurred among

specialty trade contractors (54,000); employment also rose in construction of buildings (11,000).

Professional and business services employment rose by 97,000 in October, with temporary help services

accounting for about half of the increase (48,000). Since April 2003, temporary help services has added

397,000 jobs. In October, employment in architectural and engineering services rose by 8,000.

Employment in education and health services grew by 62,000 in October, with gains of 22,000 in educational services and 41,000 in health care and social assistance. The large increase in health care and social

assistance followed a relatively small gain in September (10,000). Taken together, employment growth over

the 2 months was in line with the trend over the past year. October job gains occurred in ambulatory health

care services (22,000), hospitals (6,000), and social assistance (11,000).

Financial activities employment increased by 17,000 over the month, and has risen by 113,000 since

the beginning of the year. The securities, commodity contracts, and investments industry added 8,000 jobs

in October, as did the credit intermediation industry.

Within government, local education added 32,000 jobs in October and has increased by 124,000 over

the past 12 months.

Manufacturing employment was about unchanged in October and has shown little change since May.

Manufacturing added 82,000 jobs over the February through May period.
4

Retail trade employment was little changed overall in October (+21,000); its electronics and appliance

stores component gained 7,000 jobs. Retail trade has added 188,000 jobs since its recent low in December

2003. Wholesale trade employment was about unchanged in October.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in October at 33.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek and factory overtime were down by 0.1 hour, to 40.7 hours and 4.5 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm

payrolls increased by 0.3 percent in October to 101.1 (2002=100). The manufacturing index declined

by 0.3 percent over the month to 94.7. (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased

by 5 cents in October to $15.83, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings increased by 0.3 percent

over the month to $535.05. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 2.6 percent, and average

weekly earnings grew by 2.9 percent. (See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for November 2004 is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 3,

at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted

component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by

summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components;

this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained

by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons,

or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 350,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -250,000 to 450,000

(100,000 +/- 350,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 320,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .22 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from

zero to 0.7 percent.

Additional statistics and other information

More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and

Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per

issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check

or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by

charging to Mastercard or Visa.

Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error

for the household and establishment survey data published in this

release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these

measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its “Explanatory Notes.”

For the establishment survey data, the sampling error measures and the

actual size of revisions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables

2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 222,039 223,941 224,192 222,039 223,196 223,422 223,677 223,941 224,192

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 146,787 147,186 147,978 146,892 147,279 147,856 147,704 147,483 147,850

 Participation rate ............................................................... 66.1 65.7 66.0 66.2 66.0 66.2 66.0 65.9 65.9

 Employed .............................................................................. 138,619 139,641 140,447 138,095 139,031 139,660 139,681 139,480 139,778

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 62.4 62.4 62.6 62.2 62.3 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 8,169 7,545 7,531 8,797 8,248 8,196 8,022 8,003 8,072

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.6 5.1 5.1 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 75,252 76,755 76,214 75,147 75,916 75,565 75,973 76,458 76,342

 Persons who currently want a job ......................................... 4,561 4,720 5,065 4,885 4,635 4,630 4,844 4,850 5,345

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 106,879 108,020 108,153 106,879 107,625 107,746 107,881 108,020 108,153

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 78,392 78,844 79,282 78,530 78,918 79,193 79,283 79,011 79,273

 Participation rate ............................................................... 73.3 73.0 73.3 73.5 73.3 73.5 73.5 73.1 73.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 73,979 74,864 75,254 73,643 74,476 74,822 74,860 74,601 74,837

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 69.2 69.3 69.6 68.9 69.2 69.4 69.4 69.1 69.2

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 4,413 3,980 4,028 4,887 4,442 4,371 4,423 4,410 4,436

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.6 5.0 5.1 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 28,487 29,176 28,871 28,348 28,707 28,552 28,598 29,010 28,881

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 98,696 99,776 99,904 98,696 99,396 99,512 99,642 99,776 99,904

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 74,955 75,426 75,744 74,942 75,372 75,577 75,639 75,443 75,622

 Participation rate ............................................................... 75.9 75.6 75.8 75.9 75.8 75.9 75.9 75.6 75.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 71,141 72,044 72,351 70,726 71,570 71,847 71,870 71,677 71,882

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 72.1 72.2 72.4 71.7 72.0 72.2 72.1 71.8 72.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,815 3,382 3,393 4,216 3,802 3,730 3,768 3,766 3,740

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.1 4.5 4.5 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 23,741 24,349 24,160 23,754 24,023 23,935 24,003 24,332 24,282

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 115,160 115,921 116,039 115,160 115,570 115,676 115,796 115,921 116,039

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 68,396 68,342 68,696 68,362 68,361 68,663 68,421 68,472 68,577

 Participation rate ............................................................... 59.4 59.0 59.2 59.4 59.2 59.4 59.1 59.1 59.1

 Employed .............................................................................. 64,640 64,777 65,193 64,452 64,555 64,838 64,822 64,879 64,941

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 56.1 55.9 56.2 56.0 55.9 56.1 56.0 56.0 56.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,756 3,565 3,503 3,910 3,806 3,825 3,599 3,593 3,636

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.3

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 46,765 47,579 47,343 46,799 47,209 47,013 47,375 47,449 47,462

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 107,197 107,920 108,032 107,197 107,586 107,687 107,801 107,920 108,032

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 65,022 65,032 65,327 64,899 64,893 65,122 64,903 64,989 65,103

 Participation rate ............................................................... 60.7 60.3 60.5 60.5 60.3 60.5 60.2 60.2 60.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 61,777 61,952 62,321 61,524 61,629 61,918 61,870 61,925 61,998

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 57.6 57.4 57.7 57.4 57.3 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.4

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,245 3,081 3,006 3,375 3,264 3,204 3,033 3,064 3,105

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.0 4.7 4.6 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 42,176 42,887 42,705 42,299 42,693 42,565 42,898 42,931 42,928

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 16,145 16,246 16,257 16,145 16,214 16,222 16,234 16,246 16,257

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,810 6,727 6,907 7,051 7,014 7,157 7,162 7,051 7,124

 Participation rate ............................................................... 42.2 41.4 42.5 43.7 43.3 44.1 44.1 43.4 43.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,701 5,645 5,775 5,846 5,832 5,896 5,941 5,877 5,898

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 35.3 34.7 35.5 36.2 36.0 36.3 36.6 36.2 36.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,109 1,082 1,132 1,205 1,181 1,262 1,220 1,173 1,226

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 16.3 16.1 16.4 17.1 16.8 17.6 17.0 16.6 17.2

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 9,335 9,519 9,350 9,094 9,200 9,065 9,072 9,195 9,132

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 181,871 183,022 183,188 181,871 182,531 182,676 182,846 183,022 183,188

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 120,668 120,782 121,324 120,736 121,180 121,428 121,300 121,016 121,240

 Participation rate ................................................................. 66.3 66.0 66.2 66.4 66.4 66.5 66.3 66.1 66.2

 Employed .............................................................................. 114,996 115,451 116,151 114,535 115,152 115,623 115,547 115,323 115,572

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 63.2 63.1 63.4 63.0 63.1 63.3 63.2 63.0 63.1

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 5,672 5,331 5,173 6,200 6,028 5,805 5,753 5,693 5,668

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.7 4.4 4.3 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 61,203 62,240 61,864 61,135 61,351 61,248 61,546 62,006 61,948

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 62,714 62,919 63,203 62,694 62,960 63,163 63,130 62,882 63,075

 Participation rate ................................................................. 76.3 76.0 76.2 76.3 76.3 76.4 76.3 75.9 76.1

 Employed .............................................................................. 59,995 60,528 60,827 59,623 60,107 60,466 60,379 60,162 60,392

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 73.0 73.1 73.4 72.6 72.8 73.2 73.0 72.6 72.8

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,719 2,390 2,376 3,072 2,853 2,697 2,750 2,720 2,684

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.3 3.8 3.8 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 52,288 52,246 52,412 52,183 52,369 52,302 52,224 52,241 52,252

 Participation rate ................................................................. 60.0 59.6 59.8 59.9 59.9 59.8 59.7 59.6 59.6

 Employed .............................................................................. 50,095 50,114 50,416 49,892 50,061 50,085 50,132 50,133 50,165

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.5 57.2 57.5 57.2 57.3 57.3 57.3 57.2 57.2

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,193 2,132 1,996 2,291 2,308 2,217 2,093 2,108 2,087

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 5,667 5,618 5,710 5,858 5,851 5,963 5,946 5,893 5,913

 Participation rate ................................................................. 45.1 44.6 45.3 46.7 46.5 47.3 47.2 46.7 46.9

 Employed .............................................................................. 4,906 4,809 4,908 5,020 4,984 5,073 5,036 5,028 5,016

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 39.1 38.1 38.9 40.0 39.6 40.3 40.0 39.9 39.8

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 761 809 802 838 867 891 909 865 898

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 13.4 14.4 14.0 14.3 14.8 14.9 15.3 14.7 15.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 25,825 26,163 26,204 25,825 26,040 26,078 26,120 26,163 26,204

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 16,592 16,705 16,893 16,589 16,506 16,755 16,724 16,703 16,839

 Participation rate ................................................................. 64.2 63.9 64.5 64.2 63.4 64.3 64.0 63.8 64.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 14,777 15,057 15,137 14,696 14,833 14,926 14,983 14,981 15,037

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.2 57.5 57.8 56.9 57.0 57.2 57.4 57.3 57.4

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,814 1,649 1,756 1,893 1,673 1,829 1,741 1,722 1,802

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 10.9 9.9 10.4 11.4 10.1 10.9 10.4 10.3 10.7

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 9,233 9,457 9,312 9,236 9,534 9,323 9,396 9,460 9,365

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,391 7,466 7,531 7,385 7,394 7,384 7,432 7,466 7,502

 Participation rate ................................................................. 71.5 71.1 71.6 71.4 70.8 70.5 70.9 71.1 71.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,658 6,756 6,797 6,611 6,709 6,624 6,660 6,709 6,739

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 64.4 64.3 64.6 63.9 64.2 63.3 63.5 63.9 64.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 733 710 734 774 685 760 772 757 763

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.9 9.5 9.7 10.5 9.3 10.3 10.4 10.1 10.2

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 8,450 8,537 8,552 8,425 8,374 8,598 8,488 8,513 8,524

 Participation rate ................................................................. 64.6 64.5 64.6 64.4 63.6 65.2 64.3 64.4 64.4

 Employed .............................................................................. 7,630 7,795 7,796 7,596 7,626 7,815 7,752 7,757 7,765

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 58.3 58.9 58.9 58.0 57.9 59.3 58.7 58.7 58.6

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 820 742 756 829 748 783 737 756 759

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.7 8.7 8.8 9.8 8.9 9.1 8.7 8.9 8.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 750 702 809 779 738 773 804 723 814

 Participation rate ................................................................. 31.3 28.9 33.2 32.5 30.5 31.9 33.1 29.7 33.4

 Employed .............................................................................. 489 505 543 489 497 487 572 514 533

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 20.4 20.8 22.3 20.4 20.6 20.1 23.5 21.2 21.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 261 197 266 290 241 286 232 209 281

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 34.8 28.1 32.9 37.3 32.6 37.0 28.9 28.9 34.5

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstutional population ............................................. 9,336 9,563 9,640 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,154 6,276 6,334 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 65.9 65.6 65.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,777 6,006 6,028 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 61.9 62.8 62.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 377 270 305 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 6.1 4.3 4.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 3,183 3,287 3,306 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1

because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect

revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 27,913 28,338 28,431 27,913 28,059 28,150 28,243 28,338 28,431

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 18,948 19,420 19,561 18,940 19,304 19,450 19,482 19,446 19,533

 Participation rate ................................................................. 67.9 68.5 68.8 67.9 68.8 69.1 69.0 68.6 68.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 17,610 18,143 18,305 17,556 18,019 18,118 18,144 18,073 18,220

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 63.1 64.0 64.4 62.9 64.2 64.4 64.2 63.8 64.1

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,337 1,276 1,256 1,383 1,285 1,332 1,338 1,372 1,313

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 7.1 6.6 6.4 7.3 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.1 6.7

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 8,966 8,918 8,870 8,974 8,755 8,700 8,761 8,892 8,898

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 10,867 11,091 11,149 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 83.7 84.0 84.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 10,239 10,550 10,590 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 78.9 79.9 80.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 628 541 559 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 5.8 4.9 5.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,170 7,343 7,357 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 58.0 58.7 58.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,622 6,787 6,868 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 53.5 54.2 54.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 548 556 489 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 7.6 7.6 6.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 911 986 1,056 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 35.6 37.6 40.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 750 806 847 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 29.3 30.7 32.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 161 179 208 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 17.7 18.2 19.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. 

Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household

survey.

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 12,551 12,815 12,385 12,672 12,326 12,389 12,521 12,722 12,494

 Participation rate ................................................................... 45.2 45.6 44.6 45.7 44.9 45.9 45.5 45.3 45.0

 Employed ................................................................................ 11,516 11,790 11,437 11,551 11,242 11,358 11,503 11,601 11,465

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 41.5 42.0 41.2 41.6 40.9 42.1 41.8 41.3 41.3

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,036 1,025 948 1,121 1,083 1,031 1,018 1,122 1,029

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 8.3 8.0 7.7 8.8 8.8 8.3 8.1 8.8 8.2

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 37,947 37,781 37,765 37,887 38,088 38,233 38,050 37,670 37,706

 Participation rate ................................................................... 63.7 63.3 63.6 63.6 63.3 63.7 63.3 63.1 63.5

 Employed ................................................................................ 36,072 36,170 36,115 35,807 36,137 36,297 36,170 35,863 35,869

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 60.5 60.6 60.8 60.1 60.1 60.5 60.2 60.1 60.4

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,875 1,611 1,650 2,080 1,951 1,936 1,880 1,807 1,837

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 4.9 4.3 4.4 5.5 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.9

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 33,993 34,453 34,725 33,841 34,516 34,629 34,499 34,398 34,600

 Participation rate ................................................................... 72.7 72.2 72.2 72.4 72.6 71.6 72.1 72.1 71.9

 Employed ................................................................................ 32,461 33,099 33,362 32,222 33,083 33,176 33,105 33,018 33,176

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 69.4 69.4 69.4 68.9 69.6 68.6 69.2 69.2 69.0

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,533 1,354 1,364 1,619 1,433 1,453 1,394 1,380 1,424

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 4.5 3.9 3.9 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 40,634 40,485 40,921 40,504 40,175 40,127 40,192 40,426 40,679

 Participation rate ................................................................... 78.2 77.8 78.1 78.0 77.8 77.8 77.7 77.7 77.6

 Employed ................................................................................ 39,431 39,424 39,924 39,267 39,088 39,039 39,114 39,390 39,649

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 75.9 75.8 76.2 75.6 75.7 75.7 75.6 75.7 75.6

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,203 1,061 997 1,237 1,086 1,087 1,078 1,036 1,031

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 3.0 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ............................................. 2,559 2,374 2,280 2,410 2,289 2,271 2,318 2,224 2,155

 Wage and salary workers ....................................................... 1,546 1,373 1,273 1,465 1,242 1,200 1,274 1,216 1,191

 Self-employed workers ........................................................... 996 966 973 938 1,018 1,016 1,020 971 922

 Unpaid family workers ............................................................ 17 34 34 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ......................................................... 136,060 137,267 138,167 135,722 136,675 137,274 137,307 137,411 137,760

 Wage and salary workers ....................................................... 126,371 127,562 128,227 126,183 127,248 127,655 127,595 127,790 127,988

 Government .......................................................................... 19,862 20,211 20,328 19,797 19,984 19,816 20,089 20,134 20,196

 Private industries .................................................................. 106,510 107,351 107,898 106,400 107,234 107,850 107,479 107,644 107,765

 Private households ............................................................. 756 787 728 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries .................................................................. 105,753 106,564 107,171 105,662 106,457 107,098 106,643 106,862 107,041

 Self-employed workers ........................................................... 9,574 9,616 9,860 9,460 9,338 9,513 9,641 9,479 9,687

 Unpaid family workers ............................................................ 115 90 81 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

 Part time for economic reasons .............................................. 4,394 4,073 4,407 4,800 4,513 4,490 4,504 4,452 4,732

 Slack work or business conditions ........................................ 2,793 2,552 2,842 3,030 2,803 2,660 2,812 2,808 3,053

 Could only find part-time work .............................................. 1,318 1,280 1,312 1,356 1,404 1,500 1,461 1,312 1,371

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ........................................ 19,604 19,624 20,442 18,935 19,531 19,741 19,680 19,386 19,710

Nonagricultural industries:

 Part time for economic reasons .............................................. 4,297 4,024 4,310 4,690 4,442 4,400 4,391 4,379 4,627

 Slack work or business conditions ........................................ 2,727 2,511 2,764 2,964 2,762 2,605 2,714 2,753 2,995

 Could only find part-time work .............................................. 1,311 1,277 1,302 1,349 1,387 1,496 1,442 1,315 1,357

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ........................................ 19,265 19,245 20,034 18,628 19,072 19,290 19,213 19,025 19,305

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during

the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part

time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked

only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and

bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily

add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 

Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household

survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 138,619 139,641 140,447 138,095 139,031 139,660 139,681 139,480 139,778

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 5,701 5,645 5,775 5,846 5,832 5,896 5,941 5,877 5,898

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 2,188 2,138 2,160 2,227 2,080 2,144 2,100 2,127 2,172

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 3,513 3,507 3,615 3,607 3,748 3,769 3,891 3,733 3,709

 20 years and over ................................................................... 132,918 133,996 134,672 132,250 133,199 133,765 133,740 133,603 133,880

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 13,438 13,513 13,834 13,437 13,676 13,783 13,776 13,636 13,837

 25 years and over ................................................................. 119,479 120,483 120,838 118,785 119,554 119,925 119,979 120,008 120,059

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 97,703 98,041 98,260 97,233 97,550 97,749 97,626 97,675 97,720

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 30,518 30,686 30,638 30,296 30,542 30,490 30,491 30,513 30,427

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 34,943 34,626 34,738 34,829 34,653 34,678 34,525 34,533 34,579

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 32,243 32,730 32,883 32,107 32,355 32,581 32,611 32,629 32,714

 55 years and over ............................................................... 21,777 22,442 22,579 21,552 22,003 22,177 22,353 22,333 22,339

Men, 16 years and over ............................................................ 73,979 74,864 75,254 73,643 74,476 74,822 74,860 74,601 74,837

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 2,839 2,820 2,903 2,917 2,906 2,975 2,989 2,923 2,955

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 1,072 1,037 1,063 1,101 956 991 997 1,020 1,064

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 1,766 1,783 1,840 1,796 1,957 2,000 2,018 1,873 1,877

 20 years and over ................................................................... 71,141 72,044 72,351 70,726 71,570 71,847 71,870 71,677 71,882

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 7,061 7,124 7,309 7,038 7,244 7,340 7,287 7,153 7,301

 25 years and over ................................................................. 64,080 64,920 65,042 63,670 64,306 64,477 64,578 64,484 64,577

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 52,443 52,917 52,886 52,168 52,543 52,637 52,576 52,554 52,582

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 16,780 17,057 17,038 16,660 16,856 16,879 16,968 16,925 16,909

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 18,915 18,760 18,733 18,828 18,787 18,761 18,624 18,626 18,631

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 16,747 17,100 17,115 16,681 16,900 16,997 16,984 17,003 17,041

 55 years and over ............................................................... 11,637 12,003 12,156 11,501 11,763 11,840 12,002 11,930 11,995

Women, 16 years and over ...................................................... 64,640 64,777 65,193 64,452 64,555 64,838 64,822 64,879 64,941

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 2,863 2,825 2,872 2,928 2,926 2,921 2,952 2,954 2,943

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 1,116 1,101 1,097 1,126 1,124 1,153 1,103 1,107 1,108

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 1,747 1,724 1,775 1,812 1,791 1,769 1,873 1,861 1,832

 20 years and over ................................................................... 61,777 61,952 62,321 61,524 61,629 61,918 61,870 61,925 61,998

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 6,377 6,389 6,525 6,398 6,432 6,442 6,489 6,483 6,536

 25 years and over ................................................................. 55,400 55,563 55,796 55,116 55,248 55,449 55,401 55,524 55,482

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 45,260 45,124 45,373 45,065 45,007 45,112 45,050 45,121 45,139

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 13,737 13,629 13,600 13,637 13,686 13,611 13,523 13,588 13,518

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 16,027 15,865 16,006 16,001 15,866 15,918 15,901 15,907 15,947

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 15,495 15,630 15,768 15,427 15,455 15,583 15,627 15,626 15,673

 55 years and over ............................................................... 10,139 10,439 10,422 10,051 10,240 10,337 10,351 10,403 10,343

Married men, spouse present ................................................... 45,006 45,269 45,403 44,684 44,938 44,935 45,106 45,034 45,052

Married women, spouse present .............................................. 35,345 34,721 35,273 34,993 34,461 34,599 34,448 34,601 34,798

Women who maintain families .................................................. 8,484 8,751 8,664 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Full-time workers 2 ................................................................... 113,828 115,245 115,166 113,677 114,269 114,297 114,737 114,835 114,876

Part-time workers 3 ................................................................... 24,791 24,396 25,281 24,460 24,878 25,455 25,110 24,721 24,953

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per

week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per

week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily

add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 

Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household

survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 8,797 8,003 8,072 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 1,205 1,173 1,226 17.1 16.8 17.6 17.0 16.6 17.2

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 565 518 560 20.2 20.6 20.2 20.8 19.6 20.5

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 649 653 667 15.2 14.3 16.1 14.9 14.9 15.2

 20 years and over ................................................................... 7,591 6,830 6,846 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 1,505 1,438 1,510 10.1 9.8 9.3 9.0 9.5 9.8

 25 years and over ................................................................. 6,095 5,392 5,341 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 5,235 4,533 4,442 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 2,038 1,675 1,746 6.3 5.1 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.4

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 1,839 1,627 1,478 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.1

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 1,358 1,231 1,218 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6

 55 years and over ............................................................... 851 860 894 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8

Men, 16 years and over ............................................................ 4,887 4,410 4,436 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 671 644 695 18.7 18.1 17.7 18.0 18.1 19.0

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 281 265 295 20.4 22.8 21.2 21.9 20.6 21.7

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 390 377 402 17.9 15.8 15.7 16.0 16.8 17.7

 20 years and over ................................................................... 4,216 3,766 3,740 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 849 849 839 10.8 10.4 9.7 9.9 10.6 10.3

 25 years and over ................................................................. 3,369 2,918 2,900 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 2,890 2,437 2,387 5.2 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 1,156 922 918 6.5 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.1

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 963 854 787 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.1

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 771 661 682 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.8

 55 years and over ............................................................... 479 481 513 4.0 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.1

Women, 16 years and over ...................................................... 3,910 3,593 3,636 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.3

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 535 529 531 15.4 15.6 17.5 16.1 15.2 15.3

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 284 253 265 20.1 18.7 19.4 19.7 18.6 19.3

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 258 276 265 12.5 12.6 16.5 13.6 12.9 12.6

 20 years and over ................................................................... 3,375 3,064 3,105 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 656 589 672 9.3 9.0 8.8 8.0 8.3 9.3

 25 years and over ................................................................. 2,726 2,474 2,441 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 2,344 2,096 2,056 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 881 753 829 6.1 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.8

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 876 773 691 5.2 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.2

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 587 570 536 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.3

 55 years and over 2 ............................................................ 354 384 360 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.3

Married men, spouse present ................................................... 1,758 1,370 1,379 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0

Married women, spouse present .............................................. 1,377 1,128 1,124 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.1

Women who maintain families 2 ............................................... 781 780 738 8.4 8.2 9.0 8.3 8.2 7.8

Full-time workers 3 ................................................................... 7,375 6,749 6,621 6.1 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.4

Part-time workers 4 ................................................................... 1,415 1,292 1,456 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.5

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full

time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work

part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data

reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .......... 4,319 3,644 3,653 4,877 4,099 4,181 3,936 3,984 4,064

 On temporary layoff ................................................................ 739 615 637 1,097 1,011 1,065 982 917 944

 Not on temporary layoff .......................................................... 3,580 3,029 3,016 3,780 3,088 3,116 2,955 3,068 3,120

 Permanent job losers ............................................................ 2,793 2,157 2,206 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Persons who completed temporary jobs .............................. 787 872 810 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ............................................................................... 832 876 853 789 902 895 884 827 824

Reentrants ................................................................................ 2,443 2,373 2,353 2,518 2,435 2,330 2,447 2,424 2,419

New entrants ............................................................................ 575 652 672 653 636 680 694 692 748

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 52.9 48.3 48.5 55.2 50.8 51.7 49.4 50.3 50.5

 On temporary layoff ............................................................... 9.0 8.2 8.5 12.4 12.5 13.2 12.3 11.6 11.7

 Not on temporary layoff ......................................................... 43.8 40.1 40.0 42.8 38.3 38.5 37.1 38.7 38.7

 Job leavers .............................................................................. 10.2 11.6 11.3 8.9 11.2 11.1 11.1 10.4 10.2

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 29.9 31.4 31.2 28.5 30.2 28.8 30.7 30.6 30.0

 New entrants ........................................................................... 7.0 8.6 8.9 7.4 7.9 8.4 8.7 8.7 9.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7

 Job leavers .............................................................................. .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

 New entrants ........................................................................... .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .................................................................... 2,579 2,757 2,602 2,733 2,688 2,805 2,604 2,790 2,749

5 to 14 weeks ........................................................................... 2,346 2,056 2,076 2,585 2,405 2,476 2,521 2,255 2,288

15 weeks and over ................................................................... 3,243 2,732 2,852 3,478 3,065 2,878 2,903 2,954 3,043

 15 to 26 weeks ...................................................................... 1,354 1,063 1,165 1,460 1,306 1,211 1,239 1,207 1,253

 27 weeks and over ................................................................ 1,890 1,669 1,687 2,018 1,759 1,667 1,664 1,747 1,790

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .......................................... 19.6 19.5 19.8 19.4 19.9 18.6 19.0 19.6 19.6

Median duration, in weeks ........................................................ 10.3 9.5 9.5 10.3 10.8 8.9 9.4 9.5 9.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks .................................................................. 31.6 36.5 34.6 31.1 33.0 34.4 32.4 34.9 34.0

 5 to 14 weeks ......................................................................... 28.7 27.3 27.6 29.4 29.5 30.3 31.4 28.2 28.3

 15 weeks and over ................................................................. 39.7 36.2 37.9 39.5 37.6 35.3 36.2 36.9 37.7

 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................... 16.6 14.1 15.5 16.6 16.0 14.8 15.4 15.1 15.5

 27 weeks and over ............................................................... 23.1 22.1 22.4 22.9 21.6 20.4 20.7 21.8 22.2

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2003

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

Oct.

2004

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .......................................................................... 138,619 140,447 8,169 7,531 5.6 5.1

Management, professional, and related occupations ............................... 48,200 48,917 1,464 1,191 2.9 2.4

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ............ 19,568 20,508 614 522 3.0 2.5

 Professional and related occupations ........................................................ 28,632 28,409 849 669 2.9 2.3

Service occupations .......................................................................................... 21,872 23,307 1,700 1,564 7.2 6.3

Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... 35,446 35,563 2,005 1,860 5.4 5.0

 Sales and related occupations ..................................................................... 16,010 15,983 1,011 812 5.9 4.8

 Office and administrative support occupations ........................................ 19,436 19,579 995 1,048 4.9 5.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ........... 14,952 15,004 1,075 967 6.7 6.1

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................................... 1,261 988 115 97 8.4 9.0

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... 8,367 8,892 651 672 7.2 7.0

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .................................. 5,323 5,124 309 198 5.5 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ................ 18,149 17,656 1,321 1,245 6.8 6.6

 Production occupations .................................................................................. 9,727 9,248 683 608 6.6 6.2

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................................... 8,422 8,409 638 637 7.0 7.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted

Industry

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2003

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

Oct.

2004

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................................... 8,169 7,531 5.6 5.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ...................................... 6,620 5,894 5.9 5.2

 Mining ................................................................................................................. 31 15 5.6 2.6

 Construction ...................................................................................................... 651 635 7.4 6.9

 Manufacturing ................................................................................................... 1,041 884 6.0 5.3

 Durable goods ................................................................................................ 683 525 6.3 5.0

 Nondurable goods ......................................................................................... 358 360 5.4 5.9

 Wholesale and retail trade ............................................................................ 1,189 1,138 5.7 5.4

 Transportation and utilities ............................................................................ 260 219 4.8 4.0

 Information ........................................................................................................ 182 185 5.4 5.6

 Financial activities ........................................................................................... 303 358 3.3 3.8

 Professional and business services ............................................................ 1,014 781 8.1 6.2

 Education and health services ..................................................................... 639 526 3.6 2.9

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................................... 933 853 8.3 7.3

 Other services .................................................................................................. 378 300 6.1 4.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ........................ 136 102 8.5 7.7

Government workers ......................................................................................... 500 561 2.4 2.7

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................................... 338 301 3.1 2.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004

Oct.

2004

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force .............. 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor

force ...................................................................................................................................... 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate) ...................................................................................................................................... 5.6 5.1 5.1 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers ............................................................................................................ 5.9 5.4 5.4 6.3 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally

 attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally

 attached workers ................................................................................................................. 6.6 6.1 6.1 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed

 part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

 all marginally attached workers ........................................................................................... 9.5 8.9 9.1 10.2 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.7

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor

looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for

work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,

have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed

part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but

have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new

range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2003

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

Oct.

2004

Oct.

2003

Oct.

2004

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force ............................................................................ 75,252 76,214 28,487 28,871 46,765 47,343

 Persons who currently want a job ............................................................... 4,561 5,065 2,086 2,266 2,475 2,798

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ..................................... 1,586 1,647 737 825 849 822

 Reason not currently looking:

 Discouragement over job prospects 2 ......................................... 462 429 223 256 239 174

 Reasons other than discouragement 3 ........................................ 1,125 1,218 514 570 610 648

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 ............................................................................ 7,515 8,034 3,776 4,168 3,738 3,866

 Percent of total employed ......................................................................... 5.4 5.7 5.1 5.5 5.8 5.9

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ........................................... 3,849 4,196 2,203 2,396 1,646 1,801

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .............................................. 1,840 1,720 578 519 1,261 1,201

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ................................................ 235 302 138 201 97 101

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ................................................... 1,554 1,779 837 1,030 717 750

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well

as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the

household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Change

from:

Sept. 2004-

Oct. 2004p

Total nonfarm ............................. 130,924 131,209 131,939 132,990 129,944 131,258 131,343 131,541 131,680 132,017 337

Total private ........................................ 109,067 110,782 110,467 110,949 108,384 109,730 109,771 109,912 110,007 110,303 296

Goods-producing ............................................ 21,946 22,356 22,242 22,257 21,674 21,891 21,906 21,939 21,935 22,000 65

Natural resources and mining .................................. 582 604 604 601 569 587 592 591 592 591 -1

Logging ............................................................ 72.0 67.6 68.7 67.9 67.9 64.5 64.5 64.6 65.0 64.1 -.9

Mining .................................................................... 509.7 536.4 535.3 533.1 501.5 522.7 527.5 526.6 527.1 526.9 -.2

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 124.6 134.0 132.8 132.3 124.1 132.0 132.2 132.7 132.9 133.1 .2

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 206.7 215.5 213.9 212.2 202.1 207.9 211.2 209.2 208.8 208.5 -.3

Coal mining ...................................................... 70.0 75.7 75.1 74.3 69.6 73.5 75.0 74.6 74.4 74.2 -.2

Support activities for mining .............................. 178.4 186.9 188.6 188.6 175.3 182.8 184.1 184.7 185.4 185.3 -.1

Construction ............................................................. 6,966 7,252 7,185 7,217 6,754 6,911 6,916 6,936 6,945 7,016 71

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,616.2 1,685.6 1,681.3 1,692.0 1,579.4 1,625.9 1,629.7 1,635.5 1,645.3 1,656.2 10.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction ......... 975.6 993.5 986.4 988.6 910.8 920.9 920.2 921.9 921.0 926.5 5.5

Specialty trade contractors ................................ 4,374.6 4,572.5 4,517.6 4,536.4 4,263.7 4,364.6 4,365.6 4,378.9 4,378.6 4,432.8 54.2

Manufacturing ........................................................... 14,398 14,500 14,453 14,439 14,351 14,393 14,398 14,412 14,398 14,393 -5

Production workers ....................................... 10,110 10,232 10,197 10,182 10,058 10,128 10,141 10,162 10,142 10,134 -8

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,873 9,016 8,987 8,990 8,854 8,955 8,955 8,986 8,978 8,983 5

Production workers ....................................... 6,089 6,216 6,194 6,191 6,066 6,164 6,167 6,195 6,181 6,180 -1

Wood products ................................................... 538.2 554.6 549.1 552.2 533.4 543.8 544.1 545.9 544.8 549.1 4.3

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 494.8 512.9 511.9 507.2 486.6 501.7 502.6 501.6 502.0 500.4 -1.6

Primary metals .................................................... 464.4 465.6 464.9 464.0 463.4 465.4 467.0 465.4 464.2 464.5 .3

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,465.1 1,507.3 1,504.6 1,509.1 1,461.3 1,497.6 1,501.3 1,504.7 1,505.6 1,507.0 1.4

Machinery ........................................................... 1,132.9 1,161.4 1,157.8 1,156.5 1,137.0 1,156.7 1,160.4 1,163.3 1,160.8 1,160.5 -.3

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,333.8 1,355.0 1,348.8 1,348.8 1,332.8 1,346.2 1,351.9 1,353.0 1,351.2 1,349.9 -1.3

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 219.5 217.7 217.3 214.5 219.3 217.7 217.2 217.9 217.2 215.6 -1.6

Communications equipment ........................... 154.1 159.3 157.9 158.6 153.9 157.1 158.2 158.5 157.8 157.2 -.6

Semiconductors and electronic components . 449.2 461.1 458.8 458.3 449.4 458.0 460.7 460.2 460.0 459.3 -.7

Electronic instruments ..................................... 424.7 433.8 431.9 434.0 425.1 429.8 432.4 433.0 433.3 435.1 1.8

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 450.3 449.1 449.2 448.7 450.8 448.6 449.2 449.6 449.3 448.7 -.6

Transportation equipment .................................. 1,765.8 1,778.4 1,775.1 1,776.9 1,765.5 1,765.1 1,745.9 1,774.4 1,773.1 1,776.3 3.2

Furniture and related products .......................... 570.6 577.9 573.8 573.6 568.2 575.0 576.7 574.6 574.1 574.1 .0

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 656.9 653.5 651.4 653.3 655.2 654.6 655.5 653.6 653.0 652.6 -.4

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,525 5,484 5,466 5,449 5,497 5,438 5,443 5,426 5,420 5,410 -10

Production workers ....................................... 4,021 4,016 4,003 3,991 3,992 3,964 3,974 3,967 3,961 3,954 -7

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,546.7 1,537.2 1,531.2 1,531.1 1,528.2 1,502.8 1,508.0 1,499.6 1,497.5 1,497.3 -.2

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 203.8 202.6 203.3 200.0 201.0 197.6 198.4 197.2 198.7 197.0 -1.7

Textile mills ......................................................... 246.4 235.3 234.8 232.4 247.0 235.0 235.6 234.4 233.8 232.9 -.9

Textile product mills ........................................... 172.9 179.9 178.3 179.2 172.6 179.7 179.3 179.4 180.0 180.6 .6

Apparel ................................................................ 303.2 285.2 284.4 279.9 299.7 286.8 284.8 284.2 282.1 278.4 -3.7

Leather and allied products ............................... 43.8 44.6 45.1 45.1 43.7 44.7 45.3 44.8 45.2 45.3 .1

Paper and paper products ................................. 514.5 511.8 509.7 508.8 513.3 506.7 509.0 509.8 508.5 507.5 -1.0

Printing and related support activities ............... 675.5 665.1 662.1 660.1 673.3 667.0 663.8 662.2 659.5 658.0 -1.5

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 113.8 117.1 116.0 115.5 112.6 113.8 113.6 114.1 114.1 114.3 .2

Chemicals ........................................................... 895.6 894.0 889.5 886.8 899.1 895.2 894.2 891.9 891.5 889.9 -1.6

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 808.3 810.7 811.2 810.4 806.3 808.6 811.2 808.8 809.0 808.5 -.5

Service-providing ............................................ 108,978 108,853 109,697 110,733 108,270 109,367 109,437 109,602 109,745 110,017 272

Private service-providing ............................... 87,121 88,426 88,225 88,692 86,710 87,839 87,865 87,973 88,072 88,303 231

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 25,382 25,493 25,491 25,669 25,272 25,497 25,499 25,516 25,530 25,566 36

Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,598.6 5,676.0 5,669.4 5,679.2 5,581.6 5,639.5 5,649.6 5,652.8 5,662.9 5,668.5 5.6

Durable goods .................................................... 2,940.0 3,001.1 2,989.3 2,997.1 2,932.0 2,975.6 2,986.0 2,989.6 2,992.9 2,997.5 4.6

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,000.4 2,002.7 2,005.2 2,006.8 1,992.4 1,994.3 1,992.1 1,992.5 1,996.0 1,997.2 1.2

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 658.2 672.2 674.9 675.3 657.2 669.6 671.5 670.7 674.0 673.8 -.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Change

from:

Sept. 2004-

Oct. 2004p

Retail trade ............................................................ 14,995.6 15,022.8 14,959.4 15,113.7 14,948.1 15,054.9 15,038.1 15,048.8 15,043.1 15,064.1 21.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,901.5 1,919.4 1,914.3 1,913.9 1,889.7 1,908.5 1,908.1 1,904.9 1,904.9 1,904.8 -.1

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,265.0 1,262.7 1,257.7 1,255.9 1,259.6 1,262.3 1,259.2 1,256.8 1,253.3 1,251.8 -1.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 543.8 545.0 542.4 551.9 540.2 546.3 546.4 548.7 548.5 549.4 .9

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 508.4 500.4 503.0 520.2 506.5 511.5 510.7 511.6 512.7 519.7 7.0

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,201.7 1,269.9 1,253.7 1,256.1 1,204.0 1,245.8 1,246.9 1,251.7 1,256.2 1,260.5 4.3

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,841.7 2,840.3 2,826.9 2,838.5 2,838.7 2,839.7 2,834.5 2,832.9 2,834.0 2,836.7 2.7

Health and personal care stores ....................... 950.1 954.7 953.4 954.6 948.3 957.2 956.7 956.4 956.6 954.8 -1.8

Gasoline stations ................................................ 874.1 881.3 876.5 871.6 873.8 870.3 869.9 870.3 873.5 871.8 -1.7

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,296.8 1,361.5 1,332.8 1,349.0 1,302.6 1,346.5 1,349.0 1,355.2 1,350.3 1,354.2 3.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

 stores................................................................ 644.0 624.8 637.4 646.8 642.0 635.7 635.5 638.4 638.1 639.1 1.0

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,859.0 2,777.3 2,770.1 2,835.5 2,842.9 2,837.4 2,825.3 2,823.8 2,814.6 2,815.5 .9

Department stores ............................................. 1,639.6 1,573.4 1,568.6 1,616.4 1,623.5 1,614.9 1,609.9 1,607.9 1,600.5 1,599.7 -.8

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................ 938.1 928.8 921.8 936.0 933.5 928.4 926.2 927.1 924.6 927.7 3.1

Nonstore retailers .............................................. 436.4 419.4 427.1 439.6 425.9 427.6 428.9 427.8 429.1 429.9 .8

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,209.6 4,209.3 4,278.8 4,292.8 4,162.9 4,220.9 4,228.3 4,232.5 4,240.3 4,249.9 9.6

Air transportation ................................................ 511.3 515.2 514.9 514.0 506.1 513.8 512.4 511.8 512.3 513.7 1.4

Rail transportation .............................................. 216.2 217.6 219.0 218.5 215.2 217.3 217.8 217.4 217.9 217.9 .0

Water transportation ........................................... 52.1 52.9 51.6 51.1 52.2 51.7 51.7 50.3 50.3 51.0 .7

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,348.8 1,387.5 1,389.3 1,385.9 1,329.3 1,359.5 1,361.9 1,363.7 1,368.7 1,368.0 -.7

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 401.4 315.3 385.5 391.7 389.2 374.6 374.2 374.5 374.7 377.0 2.3

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 38.9 38.8 38.5 38.5 39.0 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.5 -.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 29.0 42.0 38.5 33.1 29.0 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.9 32.9 .0

Support activities for transportation ................... 517.4 529.9 527.5 531.2 514.3 520.8 523.7 525.1 525.3 527.9 2.6

Couriers and messengers .................................. 564.3 574.1 575.9 580.0 565.0 578.2 579.2 580.4 581.1 580.8 -.3

Warehousing and storage .................................. 530.2 536.0 538.1 548.8 523.6 534.0 536.3 538.1 538.5 542.2 3.7

Utilities ................................................................... 578.5 585.1 583.1 582.9 579.2 581.7 582.6 582.0 583.3 583.5 .2

Information ................................................................ 3,159 3,177 3,145 3,157 3,166 3,182 3,173 3,166 3,158 3,163 5

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 917.8 916.0 913.8 913.1 918.0 916.6 914.7 914.3 914.3 913.6 -.7

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 366.2 394.8 378.4 389.5 373.4 394.9 391.0 388.7 389.9 395.9 6.0

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 326.4 336.5 337.1 338.3 326.0 335.5 336.4 336.6 336.9 338.1 1.2

Internet publishing and broadcasting ................ 29.9 34.4 34.5 35.3 29.9 33.6 33.6 34.2 34.6 35.7 1.1

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,066.5 1,040.7 1,028.4 1,026.5 1,065.2 1,044.8 1,042.3 1,037.5 1,027.9 1,024.3 -3.6

ISPs, search portals, and data processing ....... 403.9 403.8 402.8 405.6 404.8 406.5 404.9 404.3 404.7 406.4 1.7

Other information services ................................. 48.2 50.5 49.6 49.0 48.3 50.0 49.8 50.0 49.7 49.1 -.6

Financial activities .................................................... 7,981 8,112 8,084 8,083 7,990 8,049 8,044 8,053 8,077 8,094 17

Finance and insurance .......................................... 5,919.6 5,983.2 5,966.6 5,978.1 5,930.2 5,960.4 5,951.9 5,962.4 5,973.6 5,989.7 16.1

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 22.4 21.9 21.9 21.5 22.5 21.9 21.8 21.8 21.8 21.6 -.2

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,793.2 2,820.8 2,809.7 2,818.0 2,801.0 2,809.9 2,804.1 2,807.3 2,815.4 2,823.5 8.1

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,752.4 1,777.3 1,767.5 1,769.0 1,760.1 1,768.8 1,766.9 1,768.3 1,772.4 1,776.2 3.8

Commercial banking .................................... 1,278.6 1,290.1 1,283.7 1,285.3 1,284.4 1,285.9 1,284.0 1,283.0 1,287.3 1,290.2 2.9

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 763.6 795.5 792.1 797.7 762.0 787.2 787.8 791.6 793.0 800.9 7.9

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,260.3 2,266.9 2,265.4 2,263.8 2,264.7 2,263.8 2,260.2 2,263.9 2,265.8 2,266.4 .6

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 80.1 78.1 77.5 77.1 80.0 77.6 78.0 77.8 77.6 77.3 -.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,061.2 2,128.6 2,116.9 2,104.9 2,060.2 2,088.1 2,092.0 2,090.6 2,103.1 2,104.0 .9

Real estate .......................................................... 1,392.5 1,448.5 1,439.7 1,435.0 1,390.6 1,418.8 1,422.1 1,424.1 1,431.1 1,433.4 2.3

Rental and leasing services ............................... 638.8 651.1 648.6 641.7 639.9 640.5 641.4 638.0 643.7 642.5 -1.2

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 29.9 29.0 28.6 28.2 29.7 28.8 28.5 28.5 28.3 28.1 -.2

Professional and business services ........................ 16,283 16,703 16,684 16,850 16,070 16,457 16,490 16,518 16,562 16,659 97

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 6,590.4 6,735.8 6,719.3 6,781.8 6,624.1 6,732.6 6,739.9 6,762.0 6,788.5 6,817.2 28.7

Legal services .................................................. 1,139.8 1,150.2 1,145.9 1,149.0 1,140.4 1,146.3 1,148.2 1,146.2 1,149.3 1,149.1 -.2

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 747.3 751.6 750.6 764.5 801.5 811.6 811.9 815.3 817.7 824.2 6.5

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,236.4 1,288.7 1,277.3 1,290.2 1,230.9 1,261.9 1,264.4 1,269.3 1,274.4 1,282.6 8.2

Computer systems design and related

 services.......................................................... 1,104.9 1,131.3 1,132.8 1,143.9 1,107.0 1,117.7 1,120.5 1,129.7 1,136.4 1,143.3 6.9

Management and technical consulting

 services.......................................................... 758.0 799.7 797.5 802.1 755.6 791.4 792.2 794.3 795.9 798.6 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Change

from:

Sept. 2004-

Oct. 2004p

Professional and business services--Continued

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,676.1 1,692.1 1,678.9 1,682.5 1,669.1 1,684.5 1,685.9 1,682.5 1,677.2 1,677.9 .7

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,016.5 8,274.9 8,285.9 8,385.7 7,776.3 8,040.0 8,064.3 8,073.0 8,096.1 8,164.2 68.1

1 Administrative and support services ................. 7,693.9 7,942.8 7,956.1 8,056.5 7,456.0 7,713.0 7,738.1 7,746.6 7,770.2 7,837.3 67.1

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,580.0 3,715.2 3,761.6 3,859.3 3,402.0 3,573.4 3,606.8 3,607.8 3,641.1 3,695.8 54.7

Temporary help services ............................. 2,418.8 2,561.6 2,606.8 2,677.4 2,291.7 2,449.4 2,460.2 2,474.7 2,508.2 2,555.8 47.6

Business support services .............................. 756.4 744.5 738.5 757.7 753.5 754.0 749.9 751.5 745.7 750.8 5.1

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,681.2 1,781.4 1,756.3 1,729.4 1,639.6 1,694.1 1,691.5 1,691.6 1,690.4 1,690.4 .0

Waste management and remediation services 322.6 332.1 329.8 329.2 320.3 327.0 326.2 326.4 325.9 326.9 1.0

Education and health services ................................ 16,848 16,593 16,884 17,218 16,678 16,897 16,901 16,965 16,984 17,046 62

Educational services ............................................. 2,871.7 2,397.7 2,683.4 2,942.9 2,707.7 2,727.4 2,731.2 2,746.4 2,756.4 2,777.9 21.5

Health care and social assistance ........................13,976.2 14,195.7 14,200.6 14,275.1 13,970.0 14,169.8 14,169.3 14,218.3 14,227.9 14,268.5 40.6

1 Ambulatory health care services ....................... 4,820.6 4,940.6 4,926.6 4,963.1 4,812.8 4,909.6 4,920.8 4,935.1 4,939.3 4,961.4 22.1

Offices of physicians ....................................... 2,021.1 2,065.6 2,064.2 2,076.7 2,018.5 2,053.9 2,057.5 2,062.1 2,068.5 2,076.6 8.1

Outpatient care centers ................................... 422.4 438.4 435.2 436.1 423.3 436.0 437.6 438.0 437.0 437.5 .5

Home health care services ............................. 742.2 760.2 758.6 769.0 737.7 754.2 756.8 760.1 760.7 765.4 4.7

Hospitals ............................................................. 4,269.2 4,338.5 4,329.3 4,336.7 4,268.9 4,318.3 4,322.0 4,330.5 4,332.0 4,337.6 5.6

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............... 2,793.9 2,818.0 2,816.1 2,823.1 2,794.2 2,809.0 2,812.0 2,814.0 2,819.5 2,821.4 1.9

Nursing care facilities ...................................... 1,585.4 1,589.7 1,587.2 1,588.2 1,585.2 1,586.5 1,586.7 1,586.3 1,586.2 1,586.3 .1

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,092.5 2,098.6 2,128.6 2,152.2 2,094.1 2,132.9 2,114.5 2,138.7 2,137.1 2,148.1 11.0

Child day care services ................................... 779.4 751.2 783.4 798.1 771.6 786.0 782.1 792.7 782.8 788.8 6.0

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 12,089 12,896 12,545 12,314 12,147 12,339 12,344 12,341 12,351 12,364 13

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,740.8 2,032.3 1,865.1 1,739.1 1,796.9 1,792.0 1,791.9 1,785.6 1,792.7 1,786.3 -6.4

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 361.0 378.9 375.2 365.9 369.6 359.3 357.1 356.0 363.2 363.8 .6

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 114.4 126.5 116.6 116.1 114.2 116.1 116.6 116.7 116.3 116.1 -.2

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,265.4 1,526.9 1,373.3 1,257.1 1,313.1 1,316.6 1,318.2 1,312.9 1,313.2 1,306.4 -6.8

Accommodations and food services .................... 10,348.3 10,863.3 10,679.6 10,574.8 10,350.4 10,546.7 10,551.7 10,555.6 10,558.1 10,577.9 19.8

Accommodations ................................................ 1,731.9 1,900.8 1,799.2 1,754.9 1,733.7 1,764.7 1,764.4 1,767.9 1,765.3 1,766.4 1.1

Food services and drinking places .................... 8,616.4 8,962.5 8,880.4 8,819.9 8,616.7 8,782.0 8,787.3 8,787.7 8,792.8 8,811.5 18.7

Other services .......................................................... 5,379 5,452 5,392 5,401 5,387 5,418 5,414 5,414 5,410 5,411 1

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,236.8 1,238.1 1,236.3 1,238.0 1,237.6 1,235.1 1,236.3 1,235.2 1,236.8 1,238.4 1.6

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,257.2 1,267.0 1,253.3 1,254.1 1,254.6 1,268.4 1,262.1 1,259.9 1,254.1 1,253.8 -.3

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,884.7 2,947.3 2,902.7 2,909.2 2,895.2 2,914.9 2,915.9 2,919.1 2,919.2 2,919.2 .0

Government .............................................................. 21,857 20,427 21,472 22,041 21,560 21,528 21,572 21,629 21,673 21,714 41

Federal ................................................................... 2,733 2,726 2,718 2,705 2,736 2,716 2,710 2,712 2,710 2,704 -6

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,932.2 1,943.8 1,936.3 1,921.9 1,932.9 1,930.5 1,922.5 1,926.3 1,926.3 1,920.9 -5.4

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 800.5 782.0 782.0 782.8 803.3 785.4 787.2 785.3 784.0 782.9 -1.1

State government .................................................. 5,149 4,758 5,031 5,202 5,031 5,004 5,019 5,035 5,052 5,065 13

State government education .............................. 2,418.0 1,985.4 2,281.1 2,455.9 2,290.4 2,257.8 2,271.1 2,285.2 2,302.3 2,312.5 10.2

State government, excluding education ............ 2,731.1 2,772.4 2,749.4 2,746.1 2,740.4 2,746.1 2,747.8 2,749.4 2,749.2 2,752.2 3.0

Local government .................................................. 13,975 12,943 13,723 14,134 13,793 13,808 13,843 13,882 13,911 13,945 34

Local government education ............................. 7,916.9 6,663.5 7,611.8 8,051.2 7,687.0 7,695.1 7,725.7 7,758.4 7,778.2 7,810.6 32.4

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,058.4 6,279.8 6,111.2 6,082.8 6,105.9 6,113.3 6,116.8 6,123.2 6,132.7 6,133.9 1.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately. p= preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Change

from:

Sept. 2004-

Oct. 2004p

Total private ....................................... 33.7 34.2 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.8 33.8 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 40.2 40.4 39.7 40.2 39.9 40.0 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.0 -.1

Natural resources and mining .............................. 44.0 44.8 44.2 45.6 43.7 43.9 44.1 44.4 44.6 45.1 .5

Construction ............................................................ 38.9 39.1 37.6 38.8 38.4 38.1 38.4 38.1 38.3 38.3 .0

Manufacturing ......................................................... 40.7 40.9 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.8 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.7 -.1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.1 41.3 40.9 41.2 40.9 41.2 41.3 41.3 41.3 41.2 -.1

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 .0

Wood products .................................................. 41.0 41.4 39.7 40.5 40.6 40.5 40.7 40.9 40.4 40.3 -.1

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 42.6 43.0 42.9 42.7 42.1 41.8 42.1 42.3 42.4 42.3 -.1

Primary metals .................................................. 42.3 43.0 42.8 42.8 42.3 43.5 43.3 43.3 43.1 43.0 -.1

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.0 41.1 40.7 41.2 40.8 41.0 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.1 -.1

Machinery .......................................................... 40.8 41.7 41.5 42.1 40.9 42.0 42.0 42.1 42.3 42.2 -.1

Computer and electronic products ................ 40.8 40.3 40.2 40.3 40.7 40.5 40.9 40.5 40.4 40.3 -.1

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 41.2 40.8 40.2 41.1 40.9 40.8 40.8 41.0 40.7 40.8 .1

Transportation equipment ............................... 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.4 41.9 42.3 42.4 42.5 42.4 42.3 -.1

Furniture and related products ....................... 39.1 39.9 38.8 38.9 39.1 39.7 39.4 39.5 39.3 39.0 -.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 38.3 38.5 37.9 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.3 38.3 .0

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.1 40.2 40.1 40.0 39.9 40.1 40.1 40.2 40.1 39.9 -.2

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.2 -.2

Food manufacturing ......................................... 39.6 39.6 39.9 39.6 39.3 39.4 39.3 39.3 39.5 39.2 -.3

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 39.2 39.9 39.9 37.9 38.8 38.7 39.2 39.5 39.1 38.2 -.9

Textile mills ........................................................ 39.1 40.5 39.8 39.8 39.1 40.3 40.5 40.5 40.2 40.0 -.2

Textile product mills ......................................... 40.3 38.7 38.6 39.0 40.4 38.9 38.5 38.7 38.9 38.9 .0

Apparel ............................................................... 36.0 36.3 35.4 35.5 35.8 35.9 36.1 36.1 36.1 35.6 -.5

Leather and allied products ............................ 39.1 37.8 37.2 37.7 38.9 38.0 37.3 37.8 37.8 37.7 -.1

Paper and paper products .............................. 41.7 42.3 42.5 42.1 41.5 42.0 42.4 42.5 42.2 42.0 -.2

Printing and related support activities ........... 38.8 38.5 38.3 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.3 38.2 -.1

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 45.2 45.6 45.9 45.3 44.9 45.0 45.0 46.3 45.9 45.1 -.8

Chemicals .......................................................... 42.1 42.7 42.6 42.4 42.0 42.6 42.8 42.8 42.7 42.7 .0

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 40.8 40.2 40.0 40.2 40.6 40.8 40.5 40.5 40.2 40.2 .0

Private service-providing ............................. 32.3 32.9 32.3 32.4 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.4 -.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.6 34.0 33.6 33.5 33.6 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.6 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.0 38.0 37.6 37.6 38.0 37.6 37.8 37.6 37.8 37.7 -.1

Retail trade ........................................................... 30.8 31.3 30.9 30.7 30.9 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.8 30.8 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 37.0 37.8 37.1 37.3 37.1 36.9 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.3 .0

Utilities ................................................................... 41.2 40.7 41.5 40.9 41.0 41.1 41.0 40.9 41.4 40.7 -.7

Information ............................................................... 36.2 36.8 36.3 36.2 36.1 36.5 36.4 36.4 36.3 36.2 -.1

Financial activities .................................................. 35.3 36.1 35.2 35.4 35.5 35.5 35.6 35.5 35.5 35.6 .1

Professional and business services .................... 33.9 34.6 34.0 34.2 34.0 33.9 34.2 34.2 34.5 34.3 -.2

Education and health services ............................. 32.2 32.8 32.4 32.5 32.3 32.5 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.6 .1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.5 26.6 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 .0

Other services ......................................................... 31.3 31.4 30.9 31.1 31.3 31.0 31.1 31.1 31.1 31.1 .0

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory p = preliminary.

workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Oct.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Total private ....................................... $15.42 $15.67 $15.80 $15.84 $519.65 $535.91 $530.88 $535.39

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 15.43 15.76 15.78 15.83 519.99 531.11 533.36 535.05

Goods-producing .......................................... 16.95 17.28 17.41 17.37 681.39 698.11 691.18 698.27

Natural resources and mining .............................. 17.69 18.01 18.03 18.18 778.36 806.85 796.93 829.01

Construction ............................................................ 19.13 19.33 19.42 19.46 744.16 755.80 730.19 755.05

Manufacturing ......................................................... 15.81 16.17 16.37 16.25 643.47 661.35 664.62 661.38

Durable goods ..................................................... 16.55 16.85 17.08 16.99 680.21 695.91 698.57 699.99

Wood products .................................................. 12.82 13.01 13.13 13.03 525.62 538.61 521.26 527.72

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 15.95 16.29 16.51 16.33 679.47 700.47 708.28 697.29

Primary metals .................................................. 18.25 18.58 18.91 18.68 771.98 798.94 809.35 799.50

Fabricated metal products .............................. 15.03 15.27 15.43 15.41 616.23 627.60 628.00 634.89

Machinery .......................................................... 16.35 16.72 16.83 16.82 667.08 697.22 698.45 708.12

Computer and electronic products ................ 16.77 17.37 17.45 17.46 684.22 700.01 701.49 703.64

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 14.37 14.98 15.03 14.93 592.04 611.18 604.21 613.62

Transportation equipment ............................... 21.35 21.54 21.98 21.86 905.24 911.14 929.75 926.86

Furniture and related products ....................... 13.01 13.27 13.37 13.25 508.69 529.47 518.76 515.43

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 13.47 13.87 13.97 13.90 515.90 534.00 529.46 533.76

Nondurable goods ............................................... 14.67 15.09 15.24 15.08 588.27 606.62 611.12 603.20

Food manufacturing ......................................... 12.77 12.99 13.08 12.81 505.69 514.40 521.89 507.28

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 18.05 19.10 19.16 19.15 707.56 762.09 764.48 725.79

Textile mills ........................................................ 12.02 12.08 12.24 12.17 469.98 489.24 487.15 484.37

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.37 11.46 11.53 11.50 458.21 443.50 445.06 448.50

Apparel ............................................................... 9.69 9.73 9.78 9.86 348.84 353.20 346.21 350.03

Leather and allied products ............................ 11.83 11.68 11.55 11.75 462.55 441.50 429.66 442.98

Paper and paper products .............................. 17.44 17.84 18.20 17.98 727.25 754.63 773.50 756.96

Printing and related support activities ........... 15.41 15.86 15.97 15.99 597.91 610.61 611.65 615.62

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 23.63 24.07 24.52 24.34 1,068.08 1,097.59 1,125.47 1,102.60

Chemicals .......................................................... 18.66 19.29 19.51 19.45 785.59 823.68 831.13 824.68

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 14.19 14.66 14.75 14.51 578.95 589.33 590.00 583.30

Private service-providing ............................. 15.01 15.24 15.37 15.42 484.82 501.40 496.45 499.61

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 14.38 14.66 14.79 14.76 483.17 498.44 496.94 494.46

Wholesale trade ................................................... 17.42 17.69 17.74 17.78 661.96 672.22 667.02 668.53

Retail trade ........................................................... 11.91 12.09 12.23 12.16 366.83 378.42 377.91 373.31

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 16.31 16.98 16.94 17.02 603.47 641.84 628.47 634.85

Utilities ................................................................... 25.23 25.33 25.89 25.77 1,039.48 1,030.93 1,074.44 1,053.99

Information ............................................................... 21.25 21.44 21.73 21.69 769.25 788.99 788.80 785.18

Financial activities .................................................. 17.25 17.58 17.60 17.72 608.93 634.64 619.52 627.29

Professional and business services .................... 17.13 17.46 17.43 17.55 580.71 604.12 592.62 600.21

Education and health services ............................. 15.73 16.16 16.24 16.23 506.51 530.05 526.18 527.48

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 8.78 8.80 8.94 9.03 223.89 234.08 226.18 230.27

Other services ......................................................... 13.78 13.84 13.98 13.97 431.31 434.58 431.98 434.47

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p= preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private:

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Percent

change from:

Sept. 2004-

Oct. 2004p

Current dollars .................................................. $15.43 $15.66 $15.71 $15.76 $15.78 $15.83 0.3

2 Constant (1982) dollars .............................. 8.28 8.20 8.23 8.26 8.25 N.A. 3( )

Goods-producing .......................................................... 16.90 17.16 17.19 17.24 17.30 17.31 .1

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 17.72 18.24 18.15 18.12 18.09 18.20 .6

Construction ............................................................................ 19.06 19.19 19.22 19.25 19.28 19.33 .3

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 15.83 16.13 16.16 16.23 16.30 16.27 -.2

4 Excluding overtime .................................................... 15.03 15.27 15.30 15.37 15.43 15.42 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................................... 16.54 16.78 16.81 16.90 16.99 16.98 -.1

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 14.72 15.08 15.12 15.15 15.19 15.12 -.5

Private service-providing ............................................. 15.03 15.26 15.31 15.36 15.38 15.43 .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 14.41 14.65 14.70 14.73 14.75 14.76 .1

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 17.47 17.67 17.71 17.70 17.76 17.82 .3

Retail trade ........................................................................... 11.95 12.10 12.12 12.16 12.16 12.16 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 16.32 16.82 16.89 16.99 16.95 17.01 .4

Utilities ................................................................................... 25.17 25.44 25.57 25.54 25.73 25.75 .1

Information ............................................................................... 21.21 21.30 21.45 21.53 21.61 21.59 -.1

Financial activities .................................................................. 17.29 17.50 17.55 17.58 17.62 17.73 .6

Professional and business services .................................... 17.25 17.42 17.44 17.56 17.52 17.64 .7

Education and health services ............................................. 15.73 16.12 16.18 16.19 16.22 16.24 .1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 8.78 8.85 8.87 8.91 8.95 9.00 .6

Other services ......................................................................... 13.80 13.88 13.90 13.92 13.96 13.98 .1

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the 

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and rate of time and one-half.

Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. N.A. = not available.

3 Change was -0.1 percent from Aug. 2004 to Sept. 2004, the p = preliminary.

latest month available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Percent

change from:

Sept. 2004-

Oct. 2004p

Total private ....................................... 99.3 102.8 100.7 101.7 98.7 99.7 100.5 100.4 100.8 101.1 0.3

Goods-producing .......................................... 97.5 100.4 98.1 99.4 95.1 96.7 97.1 97.4 97.3 97.2 -.1

Natural resources and mining .............................. 100.1 107.6 106.6 108.6 97.3 101.7 102.9 103.8 104.5 105.2 .7

Construction ............................................................ 103.9 109.3 103.9 107.7 98.4 100.2 101.2 100.9 101.6 102.3 .7

Manufacturing ......................................................... 94.4 96.0 95.0 95.1 93.5 94.8 95.0 95.4 95.0 94.7 -.3

Durable goods ..................................................... 94.0 96.5 95.2 95.8 93.2 95.4 95.7 96.1 95.9 95.7 -.2

Wood products .................................................. 99.2 104.0 98.7 101.1 97.3 99.7 100.2 101.0 99.5 99.9 .4

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 95.8 101.7 101.5 99.6 92.6 96.1 97.1 97.4 97.8 97.1 -.7

Primary metals .................................................. 90.6 92.7 92.2 92.3 90.3 94.1 93.6 93.4 92.8 92.8 .0

Fabricated metal products .............................. 95.2 98.5 97.4 98.9 94.3 97.5 98.3 98.6 98.6 98.5 -.1

Machinery .......................................................... 92.2 97.1 96.3 97.5 92.8 97.5 98.3 98.6 98.5 98.2 -.3

Computer and electronic products ................ 91.3 92.3 91.8 92.1 90.7 91.4 93.4 92.7 92.4 92.0 -.4

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 90.9 89.7 88.4 90.1 90.1 89.4 90.0 90.2 89.3 89.4 .1

Transportation equipment ............................... 96.4 97.3 96.8 96.9 95.2 96.5 95.3 97.5 96.9 96.6 -.3

Furniture and related products ....................... 92.8 96.0 92.7 92.8 92.6 95.2 94.5 94.7 94.1 93.3 -.9

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 91.9 91.5 89.8 91.1 91.3 91.4 91.9 91.5 90.8 90.6 -.2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 95.0 95.1 94.5 94.0 93.8 93.6 93.9 93.9 93.5 92.9 -.6

Food manufacturing ......................................... 101.3 101.5 101.8 101.0 98.9 98.1 98.2 98.0 98.3 97.5 -.8

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 90.2 95.8 97.6 90.9 87.3 89.4 91.5 91.6 91.7 89.5 -2.4

Textile mills ........................................................ 81.1 79.0 77.3 76.3 81.0 78.9 79.4 78.8 77.8 76.8 -1.3

Textile product mills ......................................... 91.9 92.5 91.0 92.3 92.2 92.9 91.9 92.1 92.7 92.8 .1

Apparel ............................................................... 80.1 76.2 73.9 72.2 78.1 74.9 75.0 75.2 74.4 71.5 -3.9

Leather and allied products ............................ 89.2 86.8 86.2 89.6 88.5 87.8 87.6 87.5 87.8 89.3 1.7

Paper and paper products .............................. 92.1 92.5 92.7 91.4 91.4 90.9 92.3 92.5 91.5 90.8 -.8

Printing and related support activities ........... 96.0 94.2 93.0 93.8 94.7 94.2 93.9 93.6 92.8 92.6 -.2

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 100.8 111.5 112.0 109.5 98.4 105.3 106.3 109.9 109.5 107.6 -1.7

Chemicals .......................................................... 97.1 99.6 98.8 98.2 97.6 99.0 99.8 99.8 99.6 99.6 .0

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 95.3 94.4 94.0 94.5 94.7 95.4 95.1 94.8 94.2 94.2 .0

Private service-providing ............................. 99.9 103.7 101.5 102.4 99.5 100.9 101.3 101.5 101.9 101.9 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 99.2 100.9 99.8 100.2 98.7 98.8 99.1 99.5 99.9 100.1 .2

Wholesale trade ................................................... 98.1 100.0 98.8 99.0 97.7 97.9 98.7 98.4 99.1 99.0 -.1

Retail trade ........................................................... 99.2 101.1 99.3 99.8 99.3 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 99.7 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 100.1 102.3 102.5 103.5 99.1 100.4 101.1 101.6 102.3 102.4 .1

Utilities ................................................................... 98.2 96.8 98.3 96.9 98.0 97.7 97.5 96.8 98.2 96.5 -1.7

Information ............................................................... 96.3 102.5 100.2 100.5 96.8 100.6 100.6 100.9 100.9 101.0 .1

Financial activities .................................................. 100.7 104.7 101.6 102.1 101.6 101.9 102.1 102.0 102.3 102.8 .5

Professional and business services .................... 100.0 105.5 103.6 105.4 99.0 101.4 102.7 103.0 104.3 104.4 .1

Education and health services ............................. 102.3 102.5 102.9 105.2 101.6 103.3 103.8 103.8 103.8 104.5 .7

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 99.0 110.7 102.2 101.0 100.0 101.9 101.6 101.6 101.7 101.8 .1

Other services ......................................................... 96.5 98.8 95.9 96.7 96.7 96.6 96.7 97.0 96.9 96.9 .0

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates

p = preliminary. are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by nonsupervisory worker employment.

dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2003

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Oct.

2003

June

2004

July

2004

Aug.

2004

Sept.

2004p

Oct.

2004p

Percent

change from:

Sept. 2004-

Oct. 2004p

Total private ....................................... 102.5 107.8 106.4 107.8 101.9 104.5 105.6 105.8 106.4 107.0 0.6

Goods-producing .......................................... 101.2 106.3 104.6 105.7 98.4 101.6 102.2 102.8 103.1 103.1 .0

Natural resources and mining .............................. 103.0 112.7 111.8 114.8 100.3 107.9 108.6 109.4 110.0 111.4 1.3

Construction ............................................................ 107.3 114.0 108.9 113.2 101.3 103.9 105.1 104.9 105.8 106.8 .9

Manufacturing ......................................................... 97.6 101.6 101.7 101.1 96.8 100.0 100.4 101.2 101.2 100.7 -.5

Durable goods ..................................................... 97.2 101.5 101.5 101.7 96.3 100.0 100.4 101.4 101.7 101.4 -.3

Nondurable goods ............................................... 98.4 101.4 101.8 100.2 97.6 99.8 100.3 100.6 100.4 99.3 -1.1

Private service-providing ............................. 103.0 108.6 107.2 108.5 102.7 105.7 106.5 107.1 107.7 108.0 .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 101.7 105.5 105.2 105.5 101.5 103.2 103.9 104.6 105.2 105.4 .2

Wholesale trade ................................................... 100.6 104.2 103.3 103.7 100.6 101.9 103.0 102.6 103.7 104.0 .3

Retail trade ........................................................... 101.3 104.7 104.1 104.0 101.7 102.3 102.7 103.5 103.8 103.9 .1

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 103.5 110.2 110.2 111.8 102.6 107.1 108.4 109.5 110.0 110.5 .5

Utilities ................................................................... 103.4 102.4 106.2 104.3 103.0 103.7 104.1 103.2 105.4 103.7 -1.6

Information ............................................................... 101.3 108.8 107.7 107.9 101.6 106.1 106.8 107.5 107.9 107.9 .0

Financial activities .................................................. 107.4 113.9 110.5 111.8 108.6 110.3 110.8 110.9 111.5 112.7 1.1

Professional and business services .................... 101.9 109.6 107.4 110.0 101.6 105.1 106.5 107.6 108.7 109.6 .8

Education and health services ............................. 105.8 108.9 109.9 112.3 105.1 109.5 110.4 110.4 110.6 111.6 .9

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 101.4 113.6 106.5 106.3 102.3 105.1 105.0 105.5 106.1 106.9 .8

Other services ......................................................... 96.9 99.6 97.7 98.4 97.3 97.7 97.9 98.4 98.5 98.7 .2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates

p = preliminary. are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly 

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. 

by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by 
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time Span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries 1

Over 1-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 61.9 62.9 63.3 59.5 46.9 61.7 63.1 52.5 51.1 53.4 56.8 53.8

2001 ........................................................ 52.2 47.8 50.4 34.4 41.4 39.2 37.1 38.8 38.3 32.4 36.7 34.9

2002 ........................................................ 40.1 35.1 41.0 41.5 41.7 47.8 44.1 44.1 42.8 39.0 38.7 34.5

2003 ........................................................ 41.2 35.1 38.1 41.4 42.8 40.1 40.5 39.7 49.3 46.0 51.1 49.1

2004 ........................................................ 52.3 56.1 68.7 67.6 63.8 60.6 55.2 56.3 p 59.2 p 56.8

Over 3-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 69.2 66.2 67.8 68.3 60.1 58.1 56.3 61.5 56.5 53.2 52.9 56.8

2001 ........................................................ 52.7 50.4 50.4 43.5 38.8 34.9 36.2 37.9 34.7 35.3 30.8 32.0

2002 ........................................................ 34.0 37.4 35.1 36.2 36.7 39.4 39.9 40.8 38.7 37.1 34.4 34.7

2003 ........................................................ 36.5 32.6 36.3 35.1 40.5 42.6 37.4 35.4 40.1 45.5 50.5 51.1

2004 ........................................................ 54.0 55.2 62.8 70.0 74.5 68.7 64.6 57.2 p 61.0 p 58.1

Over 6-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 67.3 69.1 72.5 72.5 67.4 67.8 66.7 60.8 59.0 55.0 59.7 54.0

2001 ........................................................ 51.8 50.0 51.8 47.3 43.5 41.5 38.1 35.4 32.2 33.1 31.5 31.1

2002 ........................................................ 29.5 30.0 31.1 31.1 31.7 37.1 37.2 39.0 34.7 36.5 35.3 33.3

2003 ........................................................ 33.6 31.1 31.7 31.7 33.5 37.8 36.2 36.5 40.5 39.4 42.6 41.7

2004 ........................................................ 48.9 54.1 59.5 64.7 67.8 71.2 68.3 71.6 p 67.3 p 64.0

Over 12-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 70.9 69.2 73.2 71.0 69.8 71.0 70.0 70.3 70.3 65.6 63.8 62.1

2001 ........................................................ 59.5 59.5 53.4 49.3 48.6 45.0 43.3 43.9 39.9 37.8 37.1 34.9

2002 ........................................................ 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.4 30.2 29.1 32.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 32.9 34.7

2003 ........................................................ 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 36.2 34.4 34.7 33.1 37.6 37.4 33.1 35.4

2004 ........................................................ 37.8 43.2 47.3 50.7 54.9 60.3 64.0 63.8 p 65.3 p 65.6

Over 1-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 48.2 58.3 50.0 50.0 41.1 57.1 60.7 28.6 25.0 35.1 39.9 41.1

2001 ........................................................ 22.6 22.0 21.4 16.1 15.5 23.2 13.7 14.3 19.0 17.9 14.9 10.1

2002 ........................................................ 21.4 18.5 23.8 35.1 29.8 32.7 40.5 28.0 31.0 11.9 15.5 17.9

2003 ........................................................ 26.2 15.5 22.6 13.7 26.2 25.0 28.0 26.2 27.4 28.6 51.2 45.8

2004 ........................................................ 42.9 55.4 60.1 66.1 64.9 52.4 57.1 48.2 p 42.3 p 42.3

Over 3-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 53.6 53.6 56.0 54.8 44.0 44.0 51.2 47.6 32.7 25.0 23.2 38.7

2001 ........................................................ 35.7 21.4 16.1 14.3 13.1 13.7 11.9 8.9 8.3 13.1 8.9 10.1

2002 ........................................................ 9.5 10.1 11.3 17.9 17.3 19.0 28.0 22.0 23.8 15.5 6.5 4.8

2003 ........................................................ 13.7 13.1 16.7 10.1 13.1 14.9 16.1 16.1 16.1 24.4 27.4 41.7

2004 ........................................................ 48.8 51.8 59.5 66.1 71.4 65.5 65.5 51.8 p 53.0 p 42.3

Over 6-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 44.0 52.4 55.4 57.7 47.6 51.8 56.0 45.2 39.3 34.5 32.1 27.4

2001 ........................................................ 22.0 23.8 22.0 20.8 14.3 13.7 14.3 10.1 10.7 5.4 7.1 4.8

2002 ........................................................ 6.5 8.9 7.7 8.3 7.7 14.3 14.9 10.7 12.5 10.1 8.9 8.9

2003 ........................................................ 11.3 9.5 6.0 7.1 8.9 13.1 8.9 13.1 13.1 16.7 19.0 19.6

2004 ........................................................ 28.6 36.9 46.4 56.5 61.3 64.9 66.7 66.1 p 58.9 p 53.6

Over 12-month span:

2000 ........................................................ 41.7 39.3 47.0 50.0 46.4 52.4 51.8 49.4 46.4 40.5 35.1 33.3

2001 ........................................................ 29.8 32.1 20.8 19.0 13.1 12.5 10.7 11.9 11.9 10.1 8.3 6.0

2002 ........................................................ 7.1 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.1 3.6 4.8 6.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 8.3

2003 ........................................................ 10.7 6.0 6.5 5.4 8.3 9.5 9.5 9.5 10.7 11.9 9.5 11.3

2004 ........................................................ 9.5 19.0 16.7 26.2 29.8 40.5 50.0 50.6 p 53.6 p 56.0

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries 1

1Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,

spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with

p= preliminary. increasing and decreasing employment. 

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment