Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-19-0904 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 7, 2019

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2019 

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up in May (+75,000), and the unemployment rate

remained at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to 

trend up in professional and business services and in health care. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate remained at 3.6 percent in May, and the number of unemployed persons was 

little changed at 5.9 million. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women 

(3.2 percent), teenagers (12.7 percent), Whites (3.3 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians (2.5 percent), 

and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little or no change in May. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, May 2017 – May 2019

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

May-17 Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

May 2017 – May 2019

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

May-17 Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19
-2- 

In May, the number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks increased by 243,000 to 2.1 million, 

following a decline in April. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or 

more), at 1.3 million, changed little over the month and accounted for 22.4 percent of the unemployed. 

(See table A-12.) 

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.8 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.6 

percent, were unchanged in May. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) declined by 299,000 in May to 4.4 million. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. Over the past 12 months, the number of involuntary 

part-time workers has declined by 565,000. (See table A-8.) 

In May, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year 

earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 338,000 discouraged workers in May, little changed from a 

year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking 

for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up in May (+75,000). Monthly job gains have averaged 

164,000 in 2019, compared with an average gain of 223,000 per month in 2018. In May, employment 

continued to trend up in professional and business services and in health care. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up over the month (+33,000) and 

has increased by 498,000 over the past 12 months. 

Employment in health care continued its upward trend in May (+16,000). The industry has added 

391,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Construction employment changed little in May (+4,000), following an increase of 30,000 in April. The

industry has added 215,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Employment showed little change in May in other major industries, including mining, manufacturing, 

wholesale trade, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, 

leisure and hospitality, and government. 

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents to 

$27.83. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.1 percent. Average hourly earnings 
-3- 

of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to $23.38 in May. 

(See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

May. In manufacturing, the average workweek and overtime hours were unchanged at 40.6 hours and 

3.4 hours, respectively. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down from +189,000 to 

+153,000, and the change for April was revised down from +263,000 to +224,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in March and April combined were 75,000 less than previously reported. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have 

averaged 151,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 5, 2019, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Change from:

Apr. 2019-

May 2019

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 257,454 258,537 258,693 258,861 168

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,667 162,960 162,470 162,646 176

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 63.0 62.8 62.8 0.0

Employed................................................................... 155,539 156,748 156,645 156,758 113

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.4 60.6 60.6 60.6 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 6,128 6,211 5,824 5,888 64

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,787 95,577 96,223 96,215 -8

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.7 12.8 13.0 12.7 -0.3

White.......................................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.3 0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 5.9 6.7 6.7 6.2 -0.5

Asian.......................................................................... 2.2 3.1 2.2 2.5 0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.9 4.7 4.2 4.2 0.0

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.4 0.0

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.5 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.2 3.4 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,882 2,837 2,651 2,664 13

Job leavers...................................................................... 844 779 737 803 66

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,868 2,007 1,926 1,870 -56

New entrants.................................................................... 569 614 530 599 69

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,019 2,126 1,904 2,147 243

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,906 1,815 1,842 1,559 -283

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 967 950 854 799 -55

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,197 1,305 1,230 1,298 68

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,920 4,499 4,654 4,355 -299

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,992 2,909 2,891 2,646 -245

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,478 1,329 1,446 1,339 -107

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,134 21,297 21,322 21,366 44

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,455 1,357 1,417 1,395 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 378 412 454 338 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 153 224 75

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 153 205 90

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 13 35 8

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 0 1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 15 30 4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 -3 5 3

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 -6 2 4

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.7 -6.6 -1.9 2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 3 -1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 140 170 82

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 0.1 10.8 7.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 -14.8 -13.6 -7.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 -3.3 6.7 -0.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.4 1.1 -2.7 0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 -10 -5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 11 13 2

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 19 62 33

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 -10.5 9.9 5.1

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 72 73 27

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 67.3 55.9 24.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 32 17 26

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 19 14 -1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0 19 -15

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 174 144 151

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 165 135 149

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.4 48.4 48.5

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.3 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.5 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.99 $27.71 $27.77 $27.83

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $931.16 $956.00 $955.29 $957.35

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 111.1 110.9 111.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.1 147.1 147.3 147.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 58.1 59.9 54.8

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 53.9 50.7 52.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 689,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257,454 258,693 258,861 257,454 258,239 258,392 258,537 258,693 258,861

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,765 162,097 162,655 161,667 163,229 163,184 162,960 162,470 162,646

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.7 62.8 62.8 63.2 63.2 63.0 62.8 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,009 156,710 157,152 155,539 156,694 156,949 156,748 156,645 156,758

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 60.6 60.7 60.4 60.7 60.7 60.6 60.6 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,756 5,387 5,503 6,128 6,535 6,235 6,211 5,824 5,888

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,689 96,596 96,207 95,787 95,010 95,208 95,577 96,223 96,215

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,696 4,951 5,500 5,211 5,254 5,222 5,227 5,121 5,045

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,509 125,114 125,197 124,509 124,890 124,965 125,037 125,114 125,197

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,309 86,027 86,532 86,170 86,577 86,439 86,442 86,179 86,377

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 68.8 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.2 69.1 68.9 69.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,103 82,963 83,561 82,754 83,031 83,095 83,034 82,959 83,192

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 66.3 66.7 66.5 66.5 66.5 66.4 66.3 66.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,206 3,064 2,971 3,416 3,545 3,343 3,408 3,221 3,185

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.6 3.4 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,201 39,087 38,665 38,340 38,313 38,527 38,595 38,935 38,820

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,017 116,665 116,752 116,017 116,436 116,513 116,586 116,665 116,752

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,458 83,415 83,785 83,257 83,599 83,632 83,573 83,373 83,561

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 71.5 71.8 71.8 71.8 71.8 71.7 71.5 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,698 80,711 81,192 80,299 80,472 80,712 80,564 80,576 80,766

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 69.2 69.5 69.2 69.1 69.3 69.1 69.1 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,761 2,703 2,594 2,958 3,126 2,920 3,009 2,797 2,795

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,559 33,251 32,967 32,760 32,837 32,881 33,013 33,292 33,191

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,944 133,579 133,664 132,944 133,350 133,427 133,500 133,579 133,664

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,456 76,069 76,122 75,497 76,652 76,746 76,518 76,291 76,269

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 56.9 57.0 56.8 57.5 57.5 57.3 57.1 57.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,907 73,747 73,591 72,785 73,663 73,854 73,715 73,687 73,566

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 55.2 55.1 54.7 55.2 55.4 55.2 55.2 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,549 2,323 2,532 2,712 2,990 2,892 2,803 2,604 2,703

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,488 57,510 57,542 57,448 56,697 56,681 56,982 57,288 57,395

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,674 125,332 125,419 124,674 125,099 125,177 125,252 125,332 125,419

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,599 73,382 73,263 72,590 73,691 73,760 73,525 73,419 73,347

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 58.5 58.4 58.2 58.9 58.9 58.7 58.6 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,341 71,327 71,072 70,161 71,049 71,221 71,072 71,131 70,981

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 56.9 56.7 56.3 56.8 56.9 56.7 56.8 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,258 2,055 2,191 2,429 2,642 2,540 2,453 2,288 2,366

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,075 51,950 52,156 52,084 51,408 51,417 51,727 51,913 52,071

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,763 16,696 16,690 16,763 16,704 16,702 16,698 16,696 16,690

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,707 5,300 5,607 5,820 5,939 5,792 5,862 5,678 5,738

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 31.7 33.6 34.7 35.6 34.7 35.1 34.0 34.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,970 4,672 4,888 5,079 5,172 5,017 5,113 4,938 5,011

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 28.0 29.3 30.3 31.0 30.0 30.6 29.6 30.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 628 718 741 767 776 748 740 726

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 11.9 12.8 12.7 12.9 13.4 12.8 13.0 12.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,056 11,395 11,084 10,943 10,765 10,909 10,837 11,018 10,953

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,039 200,576 200,658 200,039 200,382 200,447 200,508 200,576 200,658

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,848 125,627 126,042 125,689 126,351 126,313 126,404 125,900 125,980

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.6 62.8 62.8 63.1 63.0 63.0 62.8 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,788 122,036 122,269 121,298 121,880 122,168 122,143 121,944 121,883

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 60.8 60.9 60.6 60.8 60.9 60.9 60.8 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,060 3,591 3,773 4,392 4,471 4,144 4,261 3,957 4,097

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,191 74,950 74,616 74,349 74,030 74,134 74,104 74,676 74,678

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,049 65,852 66,179 65,844 66,051 66,052 66,014 65,802 65,973

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 71.7 72.0 71.9 72.0 72.0 71.9 71.6 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,113 64,014 64,412 63,738 63,890 64,088 63,936 63,896 64,042

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 69.7 70.1 69.6 69.6 69.8 69.6 69.6 69.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,936 1,838 1,767 2,106 2,161 1,964 2,078 1,906 1,931

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,277 55,639 55,457 55,253 55,740 55,814 55,806 55,671 55,526

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.7 57.5 57.5 57.8 57.9 57.9 57.7 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,681 54,309 53,957 53,496 53,959 54,151 54,140 54,133 53,869

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 56.3 55.9 55.6 56.0 56.2 56.1 56.1 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595 1,330 1,500 1,756 1,781 1,663 1,666 1,538 1,657

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.4 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,522 4,136 4,407 4,593 4,560 4,447 4,585 4,427 4,482

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 33.8 36.0 37.3 37.2 36.3 37.4 36.1 36.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,994 3,713 3,900 4,063 4,031 3,929 4,067 3,915 3,972

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 30.3 31.8 33.0 32.9 32.0 33.2 31.9 32.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 423 507 529 530 518 517 512 510

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 10.2 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.6 11.3 11.6 11.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,704 32,955 32,984 32,704 32,868 32,897 32,925 32,955 32,984

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,292 20,537 20,547 20,294 20,628 20,575 20,432 20,589 20,562

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.3 62.3 62.1 62.8 62.5 62.1 62.5 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,145 19,262 19,335 19,096 19,220 19,137 19,073 19,219 19,280

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.4 58.6 58.4 58.5 58.2 57.9 58.3 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,147 1,275 1,212 1,198 1,408 1,437 1,359 1,370 1,282

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.8 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,412 12,418 12,437 12,410 12,240 12,322 12,493 12,366 12,421

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,407 9,449 9,444 9,380 9,367 9,414 9,399 9,456 9,422

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 68.3 68.2 68.5 67.9 68.2 68.0 68.3 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,840 8,827 8,887 8,790 8,705 8,734 8,753 8,811 8,833

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 63.8 64.2 64.2 63.1 63.3 63.3 63.7 63.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 622 557 590 662 680 646 645 589

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.6 5.9 6.3 7.1 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,207 10,406 10,446 10,235 10,419 10,366 10,316 10,411 10,469

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.5 62.7 62.0 62.8 62.4 62.0 62.5 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,757 9,907 9,949 9,755 9,847 9,822 9,777 9,859 9,934

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 59.5 59.7 59.1 59.3 59.1 58.8 59.2 59.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 499 497 481 572 544 539 552 535

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.7 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 681 657 680 842 795 717 722 671

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 27.6 26.7 27.2 34.0 32.1 29.0 29.2 27.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 527 499 552 669 582 542 549 513

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 21.3 20.3 22.1 27.0 23.5 21.9 22.2 20.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 155 158 128 173 213 174 173 158

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 22.7 24.0 18.8 20.6 26.8 24.3 24.0 23.5

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,874 16,290 16,361 15,874 16,034 16,055 16,245 16,290 16,361

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,932 10,166 10,290 9,941 10,298 10,369 10,402 10,180 10,304

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.4 62.9 62.6 64.2 64.6 64.0 62.5 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,732 9,954 10,049 9,727 9,978 10,045 10,082 9,957 10,046

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 61.1 61.4 61.3 62.2 62.6 62.1 61.1 61.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 212 240 214 321 324 320 223 258

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,941 6,124 6,072 5,933 5,736 5,686 5,843 6,110 6,058

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 42,592 43,289 43,370 42,592 43,044 43,127 43,205 43,289 43,370

Civilian labor force................................ 28,209 28,474 28,680 28,207 28,985 28,724 28,929 28,546 28,689

Participation rate............................... 66.2 65.8 66.1 66.2 67.3 66.6 67.0 65.9 66.2

Employed....................................... 26,954 27,415 27,608 26,834 27,579 27,480 27,566 27,348 27,493

Employment-population ratio............... 63.3 63.3 63.7 63.0 64.1 63.7 63.8 63.2 63.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,255 1,059 1,072 1,373 1,406 1,245 1,363 1,198 1,196

Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 3.7 3.7 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.7 4.2 4.2

Not in labor force................................. 14,383 14,814 14,690 14,385 14,060 14,403 14,277 14,743 14,681

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,444 15,595 15,732 15,439 15,699 15,675 15,832 15,611 15,731

Participation rate............................... 80.3 79.8 80.4 80.3 80.8 80.5 81.2 79.9 80.4

Employed....................................... 14,903 15,074 15,248 14,843 15,066 15,117 15,187 15,028 15,188

Employment-population ratio............... 77.5 77.2 77.9 77.2 77.6 77.7 77.9 76.9 77.6

Unemployed.................................... 541 521 483 596 633 557 646 583 543

Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.9 4.0 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,535 11,776 11,816 11,519 11,968 11,798 11,839 11,762 11,810

Participation rate............................... 59.3 59.6 59.6 59.3 60.9 59.9 60.0 59.5 59.6

Employed....................................... 10,990 11,381 11,381 10,930 11,396 11,331 11,321 11,330 11,330

Employment-population ratio............... 56.5 57.6 57.4 56.2 58.0 57.5 57.4 57.3 57.2

Unemployed.................................... 545 395 436 589 572 466 518 432 480

Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 3.4 3.7 5.1 4.8 4.0 4.4 3.7 4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,231 1,103 1,132 1,250 1,318 1,252 1,257 1,172 1,149

Participation rate............................... 31.3 27.7 28.4 31.8 33.3 31.6 31.7 29.5 28.9

Employed....................................... 1,061 961 979 1,061 1,117 1,031 1,058 989 975

Employment-population ratio............... 27.0 24.2 24.6 27.0 28.2 26.0 26.6 24.9 24.5

Unemployed.................................... 169 142 153 189 201 221 199 183 174

Unemployment rate......................... 13.7 12.9 13.5 15.1 15.2 17.6 15.9 15.6 15.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,519 10,081 10,143 10,250 10,065 10,267 10,142 9,996 9,915

Participation rate.................................. 46.4 45.7 45.6 45.2 45.2 47.0 46.1 45.3 44.6

Employed.......................................... 10,035 9,554 9,692 9,691 9,489 9,720 9,548 9,460 9,383

Employment-population ratio................. 44.2 43.3 43.6 42.7 42.6 44.5 43.4 42.8 42.2

Unemployed....................................... 484 527 451 559 576 548 594 536 533

Unemployment rate............................ 4.6 5.2 4.4 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.9 5.4 5.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,886 35,900 35,840 35,771 36,301 36,230 35,983 35,901 35,781

Participation rate.................................. 57.5 57.9 57.5 57.3 58.5 58.2 57.9 57.9 57.4

Employed.......................................... 34,585 34,729 34,664 34,376 34,937 34,863 34,654 34,662 34,522

Employment-population ratio................. 55.4 56.0 55.6 55.1 56.3 56.0 55.8 55.9 55.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,301 1,172 1,176 1,395 1,363 1,367 1,329 1,239 1,259

Unemployment rate............................ 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,732 37,494 37,559 37,852 37,339 37,213 37,268 37,290 37,614

Participation rate.................................. 65.4 64.9 65.2 65.6 65.5 65.3 65.2 64.6 65.3

Employed.......................................... 36,596 36,405 36,612 36,630 36,071 36,040 36,012 36,141 36,569

Employment-population ratio................. 63.4 63.0 63.6 63.5 63.2 63.3 63.0 62.6 63.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,135 1,089 947 1,223 1,268 1,173 1,256 1,149 1,045

Unemployment rate............................ 3.0 2.9 2.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.1 2.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 56,850 58,335 58,145 56,786 58,472 58,497 58,593 58,381 58,217

Participation rate.................................. 74.2 73.8 73.7 74.1 74.0 73.5 73.7 73.9 73.8

Employed.......................................... 55,809 57,235 57,007 55,645 57,078 57,220 57,409 57,179 56,980

Employment-population ratio................. 72.8 72.4 72.2 72.6 72.2 71.9 72.2 72.3 72.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,040 1,099 1,137 1,141 1,395 1,277 1,184 1,202 1,237

Unemployment rate............................ 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,247 18,870 17,384 16,989 1,863 1,881

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,388 9,267 8,291 8,223 1,097 1,044

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 49.1 47.7 48.4 58.9 55.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,065 9,014 7,997 7,998 1,068 1,016

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 47.8 46.0 47.1 57.3 54.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 253 294 225 29 29

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 2.7 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,859 9,603 9,093 8,766 766 837

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,143 4,302 3,448 3,595 695 707

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,296 3,464 2,799 2,992 497 472

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 80.5 81.2 83.2 71.4 66.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,158 3,367 2,686 2,910 472 457

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 78.3 77.9 80.9 67.9 64.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 97 113 82 25 15

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 2.8 4.0 2.8 5.0 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 838 649 603 199 235

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,074 3,078 2,579 2,562 495 516

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,369 2,337 2,026 2,014 343 323

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.1 75.9 78.6 78.6 69.2 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,325 2,287 1,983 1,967 341 320

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 74.3 76.9 76.8 69.0 62.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 50 43 47 1 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 0.3 1.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 741 553 548 152 193

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,679 7,263 7,418 7,013 261 250

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609 1,465 1,556 1,406 53 60

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 20.2 21.0 20.0 20.2 23.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,540 1,425 1,488 1,369 53 56

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 19.6 20.1 19.5 20.2 22.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 40 68 36 0 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 2.7 4.4 2.6 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,070 5,798 5,862 5,607 208 190

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,351 4,227 3,939 3,819 412 408

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,115 2,001 1,909 1,812 205 189

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 47.3 48.5 47.4 49.9 46.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,042 1,935 1,840 1,752 202 183

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.9 45.8 46.7 45.9 49.0 44.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 66 69 60 4 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.3 1.8 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,236 2,226 2,030 2,007 207 219

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,354 231,312 102,624 103,735 126,731 127,577

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,404 151,517 77,026 77,350 73,378 74,166

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 65.5 75.1 74.6 57.9 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,268 146,537 74,297 74,764 70,972 71,773

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 63.4 72.4 72.1 56.0 56.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,136 4,980 2,730 2,586 2,406 2,394

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,950 79,795 25,597 26,384 53,353 53,410

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,424 30,764 227,030 228,097

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,128 6,326 155,637 156,328

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.1 20.6 68.6 68.5

Employed............................................................................. 5,697 5,929 150,313 151,223

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.7 19.3 66.2 66.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 431 397 5,324 5,106

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.0 6.3 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,296 24,438 71,393 71,769

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,584 2,707 78,114 77,968

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.5 36.1 83.0 82.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,362 2,514 75,311 75,323

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 31.6 33.6 80.0 80.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 222 193 2,803 2,645

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.6 7.1 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,900 4,781 16,035 16,141

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,396 2,371 68,564 69,079

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.0 29.6 70.8 71.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,225 2,238 66,301 66,819

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.9 28.0 68.5 69.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 170 133 2,263 2,260

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.1 5.6 3.3 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,578 5,633 28,239 27,596

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,148 1,248 8,960 9,282

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.7 8.2 24.8 24.9

Employed............................................................................. 1,110 1,177 8,701 9,080

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.4 7.7 24.1 24.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 39 71 259 202

Unemployment rate............................................................... 3.4 5.7 2.9 2.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,818 14,024 27,120 28,032

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,732 43,408 20,682 20,918 22,050 22,490

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,923 28,473 16,088 16,347 11,835 12,126

Participation rate.................................................. 65.3 65.6 77.8 78.1 53.7 53.9

Employed.......................................................... 27,086 27,678 15,674 15,976 11,412 11,702

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.4 63.8 75.8 76.4 51.8 52.0

Unemployed....................................................... 837 795 414 371 423 424

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.3 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,809 14,935 4,594 4,571 10,215 10,364

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 214,722 215,453 103,827 104,279 110,895 111,174

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,842 134,182 70,221 70,186 63,621 63,996

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.3 67.6 67.3 57.4 57.6

Employed.......................................................... 128,924 129,474 67,428 67,586 61,495 61,889

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.0 60.1 64.9 64.8 55.5 55.7

Unemployed....................................................... 4,919 4,707 2,792 2,600 2,126 2,107

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,880 81,271 33,606 34,094 47,273 47,178

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,412 2,281 2,476 2,353 2,576 2,510 2,332 2,394 2,432

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,604 1,571 1,744 1,579 1,778 1,741 1,687 1,687 1,724

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 776 687 706 744 787 764 644 690 690

Unpaid family workers........................... 32 23 25 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 153,598 154,429 154,677 153,127 154,177 154,446 154,358 154,271 154,314

Wage and salary workers1...................... 144,424 145,849 145,859 144,115 145,251 145,674 145,609 145,675 145,590

Government..................................... 21,253 21,189 20,992 20,992 20,614 20,588 20,677 20,831 20,730

Private industries............................... 123,170 124,661 124,867 123,080 124,657 125,042 124,948 124,892 124,870

Private households.......................... 773 825 807 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 122,398 123,835 124,060 122,316 123,861 124,243 124,153 124,075 124,064

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,112 8,543 8,786 9,013 8,855 8,780 8,727 8,569 8,711

Unpaid family workers........................... 61 37 31 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,739 4,483 4,160 4,920 5,147 4,310 4,499 4,654 4,355

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,875 2,782 2,490 2,992 3,451 2,792 2,909 2,891 2,646

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,542 1,473 1,383 1,478 1,419 1,347 1,329 1,446 1,339

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,433 22,160 21,672 21,134 20,949 21,153 21,297 21,322 21,366

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,677 4,424 4,070 4,835 5,079 4,244 4,439 4,589 4,241

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,831 2,750 2,423 2,937 3,418 2,763 2,854 2,865 2,565

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,529 1,461 1,379 1,464 1,401 1,339 1,327 1,437 1,333

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,074 21,830 21,321 20,804 20,548 20,761 20,995 20,985 21,038

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,009 156,710 157,152 155,539 156,694 156,949 156,748 156,645 156,758

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,970 4,672 4,888 5,079 5,172 5,017 5,113 4,938 5,011

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676 1,543 1,601 1,771 1,674 1,756 1,759 1,723 1,704

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,294 3,129 3,287 3,301 3,459 3,249 3,356 3,198 3,294

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,039 152,038 152,264 150,460 151,522 151,932 151,635 151,707 151,747

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,014 14,114 14,288 14,060 13,911 14,018 14,064 14,192 14,303

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,025 137,923 137,975 136,379 137,605 137,942 137,685 137,481 137,369

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,445 100,890 100,933 100,096 100,787 100,840 100,792 100,687 100,636

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,353 35,602 35,703 35,231 35,665 35,584 35,695 35,582 35,616

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,596 33,001 33,080 32,488 32,902 33,101 32,855 32,918 32,961

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,496 32,287 32,150 32,377 32,221 32,156 32,241 32,187 32,059

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,580 37,033 37,042 36,283 36,817 37,102 36,893 36,794 36,733

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,103 82,963 83,561 82,754 83,031 83,095 83,034 82,959 83,192

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,405 2,252 2,370 2,455 2,559 2,384 2,470 2,383 2,426

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 821 799 846 805 860 882 893 841

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596 1,430 1,571 1,614 1,735 1,535 1,594 1,486 1,590

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,698 80,711 81,192 80,299 80,472 80,712 80,564 80,576 80,766

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,208 7,161 7,313 7,199 7,101 7,148 7,120 7,203 7,285

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,489 73,551 73,879 73,112 73,398 73,566 73,520 73,379 73,477

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,915 53,870 53,919 53,699 53,808 53,858 53,968 53,813 53,727

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,052 19,170 19,225 18,992 19,132 19,119 19,314 19,186 19,181

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,711 17,815 17,837 17,630 17,772 17,899 17,720 17,768 17,753

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,152 16,884 16,856 17,077 16,904 16,840 16,933 16,859 16,793

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,574 19,681 19,960 19,414 19,591 19,708 19,553 19,566 19,750

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,907 73,747 73,591 72,785 73,663 73,854 73,715 73,687 73,566

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,565 2,420 2,518 2,624 2,613 2,633 2,643 2,555 2,585

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867 721 802 925 869 896 877 830 863

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,698 1,699 1,716 1,687 1,723 1,714 1,762 1,712 1,704

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,341 71,327 71,072 70,161 71,049 71,221 71,072 71,131 70,981

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,805 6,954 6,976 6,861 6,810 6,870 6,944 6,989 7,018

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,536 64,373 64,097 63,266 64,206 64,377 64,164 64,102 63,891

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,530 47,020 47,014 46,397 46,979 46,983 46,824 46,874 46,908

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,301 16,432 16,477 16,238 16,533 16,465 16,381 16,396 16,434

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,885 15,186 15,242 14,859 15,130 15,202 15,135 15,150 15,208

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,343 15,402 15,294 15,300 15,317 15,316 15,308 15,327 15,266

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,006 17,352 17,082 16,869 17,227 17,394 17,340 17,228 16,983

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,281 45,927 46,041 46,014 45,819 45,893 45,867 45,734 45,789

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,236 36,414 36,167 35,963 36,504 36,574 36,566 36,206 35,971

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,608 9,698 9,680 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,014 129,212 130,059 128,623 129,837 130,159 129,969 129,778 129,695

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,996 27,498 27,093 26,879 26,752 26,878 26,938 26,915 26,981

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,411 7,765 7,857 7,416 7,850 7,641 7,853 7,798 7,855

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,696 6,094 6,061 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,889 9,230 9,493 9,757 9,642 9,544 9,371 9,259 9,401

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,128 5,824 5,888 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 741 740 726 12.7 12.9 13.4 12.8 13.0 12.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 303 273 279 14.6 14.4 16.0 12.6 13.7 14.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 447 451 443 11.9 12.2 12.2 12.7 12.4 11.9

20 years and over................................ 5,387 5,085 5,161 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,068 993 1,077 7.1 7.6 7.2 7.2 6.5 7.0

25 years and over.............................. 4,291 4,132 4,060 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 3,251 3,159 3,027 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 1,408 1,434 1,302 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 953 898 895 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 891 827 830 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.5

55 years and over........................... 1,034 978 1,031 2.8 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,416 3,221 3,185 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 458 424 390 15.7 14.1 15.1 13.9 15.1 13.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 181 127 154 17.7 15.6 18.0 11.7 12.5 15.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 277 297 232 14.6 13.1 14.0 14.7 16.6 12.8

20 years and over................................ 2,958 2,797 2,795 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 614 601 658 7.9 8.4 7.6 8.8 7.7 8.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,331 2,226 2,124 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,723 1,703 1,604 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 748 719 680 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4

35 to 44 years............................. 491 497 478 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 484 487 447 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6

55 years and over........................... 607 522 520 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,712 2,604 2,703 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 283 316 336 9.7 11.7 11.8 11.7 11.0 11.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 121 146 125 11.6 13.3 14.0 13.5 15.0 12.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 170 154 210 9.2 11.2 10.6 10.7 8.3 11.0

20 years and over................................ 2,429 2,288 2,366 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 454 392 420 6.2 6.7 6.8 5.5 5.3 5.6

25 years and over.............................. 1,960 1,906 1,936 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 1,528 1,456 1,423 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 659 715 622 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.2 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 462 401 418 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7

45 to 54 years............................. 407 340 383 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.4

55 years and over........................... 468 468 548 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 897 821 793 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7

Married women, spouse present1................. 864 668 873 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 1.8 2.4

Women who maintain families2.................... 470 501 483 4.7 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,964 4,680 4,735 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,158 1,163 1,170 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,493 2,484 2,281 2,882 3,082 2,857 2,837 2,651 2,664

On temporary layoff.............................. 533 574 594 829 937 820 878 717 869

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 1,960 1,910 1,687 2,054 2,144 2,037 1,960 1,934 1,795

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,380 1,287 1,229 1,438 1,427 1,300 1,379 1,302 1,289

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 580 623 458 616 717 737 580 632 506

Job leavers........................................... 801 685 774 844 805 840 779 737 803

Reentrants............................................ 1,933 1,761 1,891 1,868 1,945 1,905 2,007 1,926 1,870

New entrants......................................... 529 457 557 569 606 623 614 530 599

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 43.3 46.1 41.5 46.8 47.9 45.9 45.5 45.4 44.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 9.3 10.6 10.8 13.4 14.6 13.2 14.1 12.3 14.6

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 34.1 35.5 30.7 33.3 33.3 32.7 31.4 33.1 30.2

Job leavers........................................... 13.9 12.7 14.1 13.7 12.5 13.5 12.5 12.6 13.5

Reentrants............................................ 33.6 32.7 34.4 30.3 30.2 30.6 32.2 33.0 31.5

New entrants......................................... 9.2 8.5 10.1 9.2 9.4 10.0 9.8 9.1 10.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,950 1,585 2,082 2,019 2,325 2,194 2,126 1,904 2,147

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,568 1,572 1,261 1,906 2,013 1,810 1,815 1,842 1,559

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,237 2,231 2,159 2,164 2,153 2,214 2,256 2,084 2,097

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,066 997 888 967 902 942 950 854 799

27 weeks and over............................... 1,171 1,234 1,271 1,197 1,252 1,271 1,305 1,230 1,298

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 21.8 24.2 24.8 21.3 20.5 21.7 22.2 22.9 24.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.9 11.2 9.7 9.3 8.9 9.3 9.6 9.4 9.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 33.9 29.4 37.8 33.2 35.8 35.3 34.3 32.7 37.0

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 27.3 29.2 22.9 31.3 31.0 29.1 29.3 31.6 26.9

15 weeks and over.................................. 38.9 41.4 39.2 35.5 33.2 35.6 36.4 35.7 36.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 18.5 18.5 16.1 15.9 13.9 15.2 15.3 14.6 13.8

27 weeks and over............................... 20.3 22.9 23.1 19.7 19.3 20.4 21.1 21.1 22.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 156,009 157,152 5,756 5,503 3.6 3.4

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 62,360 63,594 1,083 1,086 1.7 1.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,784 26,534 448 398 1.7 1.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,576 37,060 635 688 1.7 1.8

Service occupations................................................ 27,710 27,390 1,241 1,140 4.3 4.0

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,165 32,997 1,297 1,316 3.8 3.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,769 15,429 695 582 4.2 3.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,396 17,568 602 735 3.3 4.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,299 14,355 685 560 4.6 3.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,056 1,330 92 93 8.0 6.6

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,218 8,123 471 314 5.4 3.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,025 4,901 122 152 2.4 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,475 18,816 898 803 4.6 4.1

Production occupations.......................................... 8,633 8,660 396 276 4.4 3.1

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,842 10,156 502 527 4.9 4.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 5,756 5,503 3.6 3.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,467 4,204 3.5 3.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 23 35 3.0 5.0

Construction.......................................................................... 415 294 4.4 3.2

Manufacturing........................................................................ 546 369 3.4 2.3

Durable goods..................................................................... 340 215 3.4 2.2

Nondurable goods................................................................ 206 154 3.5 2.5

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 885 822 4.5 4.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 223 299 3.2 4.1

Information............................................................................ 100 77 3.5 3.0

Financial activities................................................................... 167 162 1.7 1.7

Professional and business services............................................... 669 600 4.0 3.4

Education and health services..................................................... 563 609 2.3 2.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 706 745 4.9 5.0

Other services........................................................................ 171 194 2.5 2.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 95 99 5.8 5.4

Government workers................................................................... 425 445 2.0 2.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 239 198 2.3 2.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

May

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 3.8 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.3 6.9 6.7 7.7 8.1 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

May

2018

May

2019

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,689 96,207 38,201 38,665 57,488 57,542

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,696 5,500 2,646 2,762 3,050 2,738

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,455 1,395 776 732 679 663

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 378 338 257 210 120 127

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,077 1,058 519 522 559 536

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,411 7,857 3,687 3,774 3,724 4,083

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,062 4,414 2,252 2,328 1,811 2,086

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,951 1,990 673 690 1,279 1,299

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 294 325 178 204 116 121

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,073 1,061 569 503 504 558

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Change

from:

Apr.2019 -

May2019p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,360 149,864 150,942 151,629 148,745 150,796 151,020 151,095 75

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,610 126,994 128,013 128,791 126,318 128,286 128,491 128,581 90

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,697 20,698 20,908 21,111 20,650 21,035 21,070 21,078 8

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 746 747 751 728 756 756 757 1

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 45.1 43.4 45.1 49.6 46.5 45.7 46.1 0.4

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.9 700.9 703.6 706.0 678.0 709.8 710.6 710.7 0.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.9 151.9 154.0 154.8 144.6 152.8 155.1 155.4 0.3

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.2 191.3 193.8 196.7 191.5 195.8 195.5 195.6 0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 52.6 52.4 52.8 52.0 52.9 52.4 52.9 0.5

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 40.9 41.2 41.2 41.6 41.1 41.5 41.0 -0.5

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.9 97.8 100.2 102.7 97.9 101.8 101.7 101.6 -0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.8 357.7 355.8 354.5 341.9 361.2 360.0 359.7 -0.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,336 7,174 7,379 7,539 7,267 7,448 7,478 7,482 4

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,621.0 1,616.6 1,629.2 1,648.5 1,619.0 1,655.5 1,650.6 1,650.8 0.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801.8 814.3 819.0 830.1 800.4 835.4 829.3 829.2 -0.1

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819.2 802.3 810.2 818.4 818.6 820.1 821.3 821.6 0.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,077.0 1,001.4 1,071.5 1,113.2 1,048.7 1,076.2 1,088.1 1,078.7 -9.4

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,637.9 4,555.6 4,678.2 4,777.2 4,599.2 4,716.4 4,739.6 4,752.5 12.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,044.0 1,990.6 2,036.8 2,086.1 2,021.0 2,061.5 2,066.0 2,071.3 5.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,593.9 2,565.0 2,641.4 2,691.1 2,578.2 2,654.9 2,673.6 2,681.2 7.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,636 12,778 12,782 12,821 12,655 12,831 12,836 12,839 3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,914 8,038 8,038 8,059 7,917 8,054 8,056 8,060 4

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.1 405.3 408.5 408.0 406.5 408.6 410.2 408.4 -1.8

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.4 406.9 413.5 418.8 413.6 414.5 414.5 414.1 -0.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.8 383.4 381.5 382.0 376.3 383.2 381.7 381.5 -0.2

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461.7 1,481.4 1,481.3 1,484.3 1,461.8 1,484.4 1,483.6 1,482.8 -0.8

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116.4 1,140.9 1,136.9 1,140.2 1,117.7 1,142.1 1,139.6 1,141.0 1.4

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,050.7 1,073.4 1,072.7 1,074.8 1,052.5 1,074.4 1,075.9 1,077.5 1.6

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 155.5 159.8 158.9 159.8 155.9 160.0 159.5 160.7 1.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.6 86.1 86.3 85.2 85.6 86.1 86.5 85.9 -0.6

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.1 375.8 374.6 375.0 368.8 375.6 375.4 375.5 0.1

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.8 418.7 420.0 421.3 408.3 419.3 421.0 421.9 0.9

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.0 32.9 33.5 33.8 33.4 33.4 33.6 0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 396.7 401.5 401.5 400.5 398.1 402.7 402.8 401.9 -0.9

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,685.9 1,739.3 1,735.2 1,738.1 1,688.4 1,734.8 1,737.0 1,741.0 4.0

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988.3 1,004.0 997.7 996.9 989.3 998.9 997.0 999.8 2.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.5 393.9 393.7 394.4 394.6 394.7 394.9 394.3 -0.6

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.4 612.1 613.2 618.0 607.8 614.7 615.4 617.2 1.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,722 4,740 4,744 4,762 4,738 4,777 4,780 4,779 -1

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,597.2 1,611.7 1,611.9 1,617.1 1,617.1 1,634.6 1,636.4 1,635.6 -0.8

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.8 112.6 113.4 111.9 112.3 112.6 113.5 112.8 -0.7

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.7 113.9 114.2 113.1 115.7 114.5 114.4 113.9 -0.5

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.0 107.7 108.2 108.0 115.0 107.8 107.9 107.6 -0.3

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.6 370.4 369.4 371.0 365.8 370.8 370.1 370.4 0.3

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 431.0 420.8 419.2 419.7 431.2 422.0 421.1 421.1 0.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.3 113.1 115.1 117.7 115.4 116.7 116.8 117.1 0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833.0 855.8 855.3 857.8 834.4 856.0 857.3 857.8 0.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732.1 735.4 735.4 738.7 730.1 736.0 735.9 736.3 0.4

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.9 298.4 301.5 307.0 301.4 305.7 306.9 306.8 -0.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,913 106,296 107,105 107,680 105,668 107,251 107,421 107,503 82

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,541 27,491 27,562 27,686 27,630 27,810 27,811 27,811 0

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,829.0 5,895.7 5,917.7 5,938.2 5,827.2 5,921.7 5,932.5 5,939.6 7.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,136.4 3,195.2 3,204.1 3,212.3 3,137.7 3,204.8 3,211.9 3,217.6 5.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,150.7 2,150.4 2,161.7 2,174.0 2,146.8 2,164.3 2,166.0 2,168.7 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Change

from:

Apr.2019 -

May2019p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.9 550.1 551.9 551.9 542.7 552.6 554.6 553.3 -1.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,797.2 15,576.6 15,625.1 15,693.8 15,856.3 15,801.8 15,788.2 15,780.6 -7.6

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,021.3 2,032.3 2,047.4 2,049.5 2,015.1 2,041.8 2,048.5 2,047.4 -1.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,296.2 1,304.5 1,309.3 1,307.2 1,296.2 1,307.7 1,311.8 1,309.6 -2.2

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.6 153.7 161.8 165.9 157.9 157.9 160.9 160.1 -0.8

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 561.5 574.1 576.3 576.4 560.9 576.3 575.8 577.7 1.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 474.0 484.9 481.5 481.0 480.0 488.2 487.3 487.2 -0.1

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 488.0 468.5 466.4 463.6 496.0 472.3 471.6 470.3 -1.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,384.3 1,310.8 1,348.6 1,370.1 1,311.1 1,303.6 1,301.1 1,302.2 1.1

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,079.0 3,087.5 3,091.2 3,102.7 3,084.7 3,115.9 3,116.7 3,115.4 -1.3

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,055.3 1,035.9 1,037.9 1,036.3 1,060.4 1,042.1 1,045.6 1,042.4 -3.2

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935.0 934.8 936.7 947.3 932.2 944.7 944.6 946.0 1.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,335.1 1,303.8 1,297.5 1,286.6 1,372.3 1,347.6 1,343.8 1,331.1 -12.7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.8 546.5 542.2 546.1 598.7 563.0 558.1 557.4 -0.7

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,043.1 2,981.8 2,980.9 2,996.6 3,102.3 3,063.1 3,052.5 3,058.7 6.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109.5 1,084.5 1,080.3 1,078.2 1,150.4 1,127.0 1,122.5 1,121.0 -1.5

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,933.6 1,897.3 1,900.6 1,918.4 1,951.9 1,936.1 1,930.0 1,937.6 7.6

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837.7 814.5 821.7 840.4 832.5 837.5 836.1 839.2 3.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561.6 575.3 573.1 573.6 571.0 582.0 582.3 583.3 1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,359.7 5,465.6 5,468.2 5,502.0 5,390.5 5,531.6 5,538.3 5,538.1 -0.2

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.2 513.2 513.5 515.2 499.5 514.4 513.9 513.9 0.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.2 211.2 210.1 210.1 213.9 212.1 210.6 209.5 -1.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 62.4 63.6 66.0 64.8 64.7 64.4 65.0 0.6

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,483.2 1,493.7 1,503.4 1,517.8 1,484.8 1,516.0 1,516.1 1,516.4 0.3

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.8 502.0 506.4 506.3 485.1 488.7 492.3 489.6 -2.7

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 47.0 47.1 48.1 48.7 47.1 47.4 47.9 0.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 37.5 26.9 30.2 34.1 34.2 33.7 34.3 32.4 -1.9

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 706.3 717.3 717.1 717.2 708.6 719.2 718.6 719.3 0.7

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680.1 719.3 702.9 710.0 718.2 750.8 751.7 753.9 2.2

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,121.3 1,172.6 1,173.9 1,177.2 1,132.7 1,184.9 1,189.0 1,190.2 1.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.0 553.5 550.5 551.8 555.8 554.7 552.0 552.4 0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,826 2,803 2,795 2,782 2,831 2,812 2,802 2,797 -5

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 727.3 731.1 732.0 731.9 731.8 733.9 735.6 736.5 0.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445.6 417.1 420.4 418.3 440.0 422.4 417.6 415.8 -1.8

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.3 270.3 267.7 266.3 270.3 269.4 267.9 268.8 0.9

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751.9 730.0 714.5 712.9 754.9 729.2 719.5 717.8 -1.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.5 332.4 331.8 331.3 330.6 332.7 332.2 332.3 0.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.3 322.5 328.1 321.2 303.0 324.2 328.7 326.1 -2.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,541 8,590 8,605 8,632 8,556 8,637 8,650 8,652 2

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,299.0 6,313.1 6,310.7 6,310.9 6,311.4 6,327.7 6,331.4 6,328.9 -2.5

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.4 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.5 19.7 19.7 19.7 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,646.2 2,622.6 2,620.2 2,623.3 2,649.2 2,631.6 2,630.9 2,630.6 -0.3

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,717.1 1,709.2 1,705.6 1,707.0 1,716.1 1,710.8 1,709.5 1,708.7 -0.8

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,324.1 1,310.9 1,305.2 1,305.8 1,322.8 1,310.7 1,307.4 1,306.5 -0.9

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 621.5 607.7 608.9 612.6 624.8 614.2 615.0 616.2 1.2

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 307.6 305.7 305.7 303.7 308.2 306.6 306.4 305.8 -0.6

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 948.4 964.9 966.8 962.4 953.8 968.1 970.2 966.6 -3.6

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,685.0 2,706.0 2,704.1 2,705.6 2,688.9 2,708.3 2,710.6 2,712.0 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,241.9 2,277.2 2,294.6 2,321.1 2,244.3 2,309.6 2,318.1 2,323.4 5.3

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,650.0 1,677.2 1,689.0 1,699.9 1,654.7 1,694.0 1,701.2 1,705.7 4.5

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.3 577.3 582.7 598.2 566.1 592.5 593.8 594.7 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Change

from:

Apr.2019 -

May2019p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.6 22.7 22.9 23.0 23.5 23.1 23.1 23.0 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,941 21,067 21,343 21,422 20,929 21,332 21,394 21,427 33

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,205.5 9,539.3 9,579.8 9,500.2 9,261.0 9,509.3 9,529.3 9,550.6 21.3

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,137.6 1,137.8 1,135.7 1,139.1 1,140.0 1,142.8 1,141.0 1,143.0 2.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 965.7 1,145.7 1,133.0 1,004.2 1,012.2 1,042.2 1,043.7 1,045.5 1.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,467.3 1,490.5 1,500.7 1,514.5 1,468.4 1,509.2 1,512.6 1,516.2 3.6

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.0 148.2 150.7 150.5 143.6 149.5 150.3 149.4 -0.9

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,107.6 2,161.6 2,191.1 2,205.1 2,110.6 2,182.2 2,197.8 2,206.2 8.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,472.4 1,503.8 1,514.0 1,518.3 1,474.0 1,520.4 1,521.8 1,521.6 -0.2

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.2 715.8 718.3 722.8 685.5 719.3 721.8 722.7 0.9

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.8 488.2 486.2 490.5 491.3 490.0 486.8 489.1 2.3

Other professional and technical services. . . 733.9 747.7 750.1 755.2 735.3 753.6 753.4 757.0 3.6

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,367.7 2,395.9 2,399.3 2,400.4 2,369.4 2,405.5 2,408.9 2,405.6 -3.3

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,367.3 9,132.2 9,363.9 9,521.8 9,298.8 9,416.9 9,455.8 9,470.6 14.8

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,928.9 8,686.6 8,912.9 9,067.8 8,862.3 8,965.0 9,001.9 9,017.2 15.3

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.9 521.9 528.1 532.4 513.7 525.3 528.9 530.8 1.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.7 155.5 154.3 155.8 152.8 155.8 154.7 156.1 1.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,658.5 3,579.4 3,641.0 3,699.6 3,665.8 3,706.1 3,716.2 3,724.1 7.9

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,993.4 2,921.7 2,973.3 3,021.4 3,000.5 3,030.0 3,039.9 3,045.0 5.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885.0 887.2 885.4 881.9 897.0 891.1 894.6 896.9 2.3

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.1 214.2 215.6 218.1 220.0 215.5 215.2 215.8 0.6

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 943.8 945.9 953.4 958.6 944.6 953.7 957.2 959.3 2.1

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,225.3 2,049.6 2,197.3 2,278.9 2,142.8 2,183.5 2,198.3 2,197.5 -0.8

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327.6 332.9 337.8 342.5 325.5 333.9 336.9 336.7 -0.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.4 445.6 451.0 454.0 436.5 451.9 453.9 453.4 -0.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,646 24,208 24,316 24,234 23,581 24,071 24,144 24,171 27

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,753.4 3,919.7 3,953.5 3,819.3 3,707.7 3,760.1 3,776.8 3,780.4 3.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,892.2 20,287.8 20,362.2 20,414.2 19,873.6 20,310.9 20,366.8 20,390.8 24.0

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,943.9 16,276.9 16,310.1 16,339.8 15,962.6 16,309.8 16,337.4 16,353.1 15.7

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,477.7 7,686.6 7,710.7 7,734.9 7,478.0 7,702.8 7,718.5 7,730.7 12.2

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,612.9 2,661.4 2,665.3 2,676.9 2,616.9 2,667.2 2,671.1 2,679.0 7.9

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949.7 980.8 982.0 982.6 950.7 983.4 984.2 985.0 0.8

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 927.1 957.4 963.9 971.6 924.6 961.7 964.3 967.0 2.7

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930.1 967.6 967.1 968.9 930.2 966.3 967.5 967.7 0.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 275.1 287.7 288.8 288.7 276.4 287.8 288.7 289.8 1.1

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,472.0 1,521.6 1,532.1 1,535.2 1,468.9 1,526.3 1,531.6 1,531.6 0.0

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.8 310.1 311.5 311.0 310.2 310.2 311.0 310.5 -0.5

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,112.8 5,217.3 5,219.7 5,216.1 5,128.5 5,220.0 5,228.6 5,231.6 3.0

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,353.4 3,373.0 3,379.7 3,388.8 3,356.1 3,387.0 3,390.3 3,390.8 0.5

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606.0 1,601.2 1,600.5 1,605.2 1,608.8 1,608.7 1,606.4 1,606.4 0.0

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 642.2 649.9 650.1 651.9 642.0 651.4 651.0 650.9 -0.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939.4 952.2 959.8 961.3 938.8 956.1 963.1 963.1 0.0

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 165.8 169.7 169.3 170.4 166.5 170.7 169.9 170.4 0.5

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,948.3 4,010.9 4,052.1 4,074.4 3,911.0 4,001.1 4,029.4 4,037.7 8.3

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,458.1 2,512.4 2,549.2 2,562.4 2,446.3 2,516.5 2,544.8 2,551.8 7.0

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 172.5 176.8 176.4 176.2 172.9 176.1 176.5 176.6 0.1

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 329.8 328.4 326.5 328.0 329.6 331.2 328.3 327.8 -0.5

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987.9 993.3 1,000.0 1,007.8 962.2 977.2 979.7 981.5 1.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,552 16,260 16,561 16,969 16,300 16,678 16,695 16,721 26

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,460.1 2,300.0 2,399.8 2,546.6 2,379.4 2,472.9 2,469.4 2,473.3 3.9

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 535.4 492.3 533.7 558.4 504.5 518.2 517.4 524.4 7.0

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.8 164.4 172.5 182.0 168.0 174.7 175.8 175.4 -0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Change

from:

Apr.2019 -

May2019p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,750.9 1,643.3 1,693.6 1,806.2 1,706.9 1,780.0 1,776.2 1,773.5 -2.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,091.9 13,959.8 14,161.5 14,422.4 13,920.5 14,205.3 14,225.2 14,247.3 22.1

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,028.2 1,979.0 1,998.3 2,055.8 2,025.1 2,046.7 2,045.8 2,051.0 5.2

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,063.7 11,980.8 12,163.2 12,366.6 11,895.4 12,158.6 12,179.4 12,196.3 16.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,866 5,877 5,923 5,955 5,841 5,911 5,925 5,924 -1

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,339.5 1,347.4 1,358.5 1,360.9 1,330.4 1,347.8 1,353.3 1,350.4 -2.9

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,518.5 1,517.9 1,538.8 1,553.2 1,505.1 1,532.3 1,536.0 1,536.9 0.9

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,008.2 3,011.7 3,025.7 3,041.1 3,005.0 3,030.7 3,035.9 3,036.6 0.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,750 22,870 22,929 22,838 22,427 22,510 22,529 22,514 -15

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,788.0 2,782.0 2,802.0 2,812.0 2,793.0 2,803.0 2,811.0 2,815.0 4.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,183.6 2,176.2 2,197.2 2,203.3 2,187.0 2,196.2 2,204.6 2,206.0 1.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.2 605.6 604.8 608.2 606.1 607.2 606.3 608.5 2.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,178.0 5,342.0 5,347.0 5,175.0 5,168.0 5,184.0 5,178.0 5,168.0 -10.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,481.9 2,650.1 2,654.1 2,476.3 2,475.5 2,486.2 2,485.2 2,476.9 -8.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,696.3 2,691.8 2,693.0 2,699.0 2,692.7 2,697.5 2,692.7 2,691.3 -1.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,784.0 14,746.0 14,780.0 14,851.0 14,466.0 14,523.0 14,540.0 14,531.0 -9.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,273.4 8,311.1 8,312.0 8,303.4 7,956.5 7,983.8 7,992.4 7,986.3 -6.1

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,510.8 6,434.6 6,468.0 6,547.6 6,509.9 6,539.2 6,548.0 6,544.9 -3.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.5 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.6 40.4 40.3 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.1 46.4 46.7 46.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.4 39.1 39.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.1 41.0 41.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 40.1 40.0 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.2 34.3 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 39.0 39.0 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 30.6 30.7 30.7

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.7 38.7 38.5

Utilities........................................................................... 42.0 42.2 41.8 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.0 36.2 36.2 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.7 37.7 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.3 36.2 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 26.1 26.0 25.9

Other services..................................................................... 31.7 31.9 31.8 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Total private............................................... $26.99 $27.71 $27.77 $27.83 $931.16 $956.00 $955.29 $957.35

Goods-producing....................................... 28.13 28.74 28.81 28.89 1,142.08 1,161.10 1,161.04 1,164.27

Mining and logging.................................. 32.26 33.09 33.44 33.51 1,487.19 1,535.38 1,561.65 1,551.51

Construction.......................................... 29.72 30.48 30.60 30.68 1,173.94 1,200.91 1,196.46 1,199.59

Manufacturing........................................ 26.97 27.47 27.49 27.57 1,100.38 1,118.03 1,116.09 1,119.34

Durable goods.................................... 28.32 28.92 28.96 29.04 1,166.78 1,188.61 1,187.36 1,190.64

Nondurable goods................................ 24.67 24.97 24.96 25.02 991.73 1,001.30 998.40 998.30

Private service-providing.............................. 26.72 27.47 27.52 27.58 889.78 914.75 916.42 918.41

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.24 24.03 24.01 24.12 801.78 821.83 823.54 824.90

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.31 31.32 31.17 31.38 1,185.12 1,221.48 1,215.63 1,220.68

Retail trade........................................ 18.70 19.41 19.46 19.47 579.70 593.95 597.42 597.73

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.30 24.65 24.70 24.87 945.27 953.96 955.89 957.50

Utilities............................................. 40.25 41.90 41.58 41.84 1,690.50 1,768.18 1,738.04 1,761.46

Information........................................... 39.55 41.69 41.65 41.63 1,423.80 1,509.18 1,507.73 1,515.33

Financial activities................................... 34.67 35.58 35.80 35.92 1,303.59 1,341.37 1,349.66 1,350.59

Professional and business services.............. 32.40 33.27 33.36 33.42 1,172.88 1,207.70 1,207.63 1,213.15

Education and health services..................... 26.95 27.48 27.50 27.48 889.35 906.84 907.50 906.84

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.89 16.39 16.43 16.50 414.73 427.78 427.18 427.35

Other services....................................... 24.51 24.84 24.89 24.92 776.97 792.40 791.50 792.46

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2019 -

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2019 -

May

2019p

Total private..................................... 109.4 111.1 110.9 111.0 0.1 141.1 147.1 147.3 147.7 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 95.5 96.8 96.7 96.8 0.1 121.4 125.8 126.0 126.4 0.3

Mining and logging........................ 105.5 110.2 110.9 110.1 -0.7 136.6 146.4 148.9 148.2 -0.5

Construction................................ 98.9 101.2 100.8 100.8 0.0 127.8 134.0 134.0 134.4 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 92.9 93.9 93.8 93.8 0.0 116.5 120.0 119.9 120.2 0.3

Durable goods........................... 91.8 93.2 93.0 93.0 0.0 115.5 119.7 119.6 120.0 0.3

Nondurable goods...................... 95.1 95.6 95.4 95.2 -0.2 119.0 121.1 120.9 120.8 -0.1

Private service-providing.................... 113.2 114.9 115.1 115.2 0.1 147.0 153.4 153.9 154.4 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.9 103.7 104.0 103.7 -0.3 130.2 134.3 134.6 134.8 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 100.5 101.9 102.1 101.9 -0.2 127.4 133.5 133.1 133.8 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 99.8 98.2 98.4 98.4 0.0 123.4 125.9 126.6 126.6 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 119.9 122.4 122.5 121.9 -0.5 147.7 153.0 153.5 153.8 0.2

Utilities.................................... 101.0 101.3 99.8 100.6 0.8 134.3 140.2 137.1 139.1 1.5

Information................................. 93.1 93.0 92.6 93.0 0.4 131.1 138.0 137.4 137.8 0.3

Financial activities......................... 105.4 106.6 106.8 106.5 -0.3 142.5 148.0 149.1 149.3 0.1

Professional and business services..... 118.8 121.4 121.4 122.0 0.5 155.8 163.6 164.0 165.0 0.6

Education and health services........... 127.1 129.7 130.1 130.2 0.1 164.7 171.5 172.1 172.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 121.4 124.2 123.9 123.6 -0.2 155.6 164.2 164.2 164.5 0.2

Other services............................. 106.8 108.7 108.6 108.6 0.0 143.4 148.0 148.2 148.3 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Total nonfarm............................................. 73,837 75,119 75,254 75,339 49.6 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private............................................ 60,931 62,125 62,247 62,340 48.2 48.4 48.4 48.5

Goods-producing.................................... 4,557 4,690 4,697 4,708 22.1 22.3 22.3 22.3

Mining and logging............................... 93 97 97 98 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.9

Construction....................................... 927 965 965 973 12.8 13.0 12.9 13.0

Manufacturing..................................... 3,537 3,628 3,635 3,637 27.9 28.3 28.3 28.3

Durable goods.................................. 1,866 1,926 1,930 1,936 23.6 23.9 24.0 24.0

Nondurable goods............................. 1,671 1,702 1,705 1,701 35.3 35.6 35.7 35.6

Private service-providing........................... 56,374 57,435 57,550 57,632 53.4 53.6 53.6 53.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,096 11,148 11,153 11,160 40.2 40.1 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,727.0 1,778.6 1,789.4 1,794.2 29.6 30.0 30.2 30.2

Retail trade..................................... 7,905.6 7,846.5 7,834.0 7,833.8 49.9 49.7 49.6 49.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,334.7 1,390.0 1,398.0 1,399.7 24.8 25.1 25.2 25.3

Utilities........................................... 129.1 132.5 131.9 132.0 23.2 23.9 23.9 23.9

Information......................................... 1,117 1,118 1,116 1,105 39.5 39.8 39.8 39.5

Financial activities................................ 4,841 4,888 4,890 4,888 56.6 56.6 56.5 56.5

Professional and business services............ 9,479 9,701 9,727 9,756 45.3 45.5 45.5 45.5

Education and health services.................. 18,178 18,585 18,640 18,676 77.1 77.2 77.2 77.3

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,559 8,839 8,860 8,884 52.5 53.0 53.1 53.1

Other services..................................... 3,104 3,156 3,164 3,163 53.1 53.4 53.4 53.4

Government............................................. 12,906 12,994 13,007 12,999 57.5 57.7 57.7 57.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Total private............................................................................... 104,103 105,675 105,811 105,878

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,840 15,102 15,103 15,100

Mining and logging.................................................................. 540 563 560 558

Construction.......................................................................... 5,430 5,542 5,560 5,565

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,870 8,997 8,983 8,977

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,436 5,554 5,546 5,548

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,434 3,443 3,437 3,429

Private service-providing.............................................................. 89,263 90,573 90,708 90,778

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,384 23,531 23,517 23,532

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,678.4 4,761.6 4,771.0 4,774.9

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,569.9 13,498.3 13,469.0 13,476.4

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,689.7 4,828.6 4,835.1 4,838.3

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.5 442.3 441.5 442.1

Information............................................................................ 2,277 2,261 2,257 2,250

Financial activities................................................................... 6,627 6,692 6,701 6,704

Professional and business services............................................... 17,073 17,407 17,452 17,463

Education and health services..................................................... 20,718 21,135 21,195 21,219

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,350 14,653 14,678 14,708

Other services........................................................................ 4,834 4,894 4,908 4,902

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.6 41.2 41.1 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.4 47.0 47.3 46.9

Construction....................................................................... 40.3 39.9 39.6 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.0 41.7 41.6 41.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.2 42.0 42.0 41.9

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.7 41.2 41.1 41.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.0 33.9 33.9 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 38.8 38.7 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 30.4 30.5 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 37.9 37.9 37.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.5 42.2 42.3

Information......................................................................... 35.5 35.5 35.4 35.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.3 32.3 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.9 24.9 24.7 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Total private............................................... $22.62 $23.25 $23.31 $23.38 $764.56 $783.53 $785.55 $785.57

Goods-producing....................................... 23.87 24.53 24.59 24.65 992.99 1,010.64 1,010.65 1,013.12

Mining and logging.................................. 27.93 29.39 29.93 29.70 1,323.88 1,381.33 1,415.69 1,392.93

Construction.......................................... 27.54 28.31 28.42 28.49 1,109.86 1,129.57 1,125.43 1,131.05

Manufacturing........................................ 21.43 21.96 21.96 22.03 900.06 915.73 913.54 916.45

Durable goods.................................... 22.39 22.91 22.88 22.94 944.86 962.22 960.96 961.19

Nondurable goods................................ 19.90 20.40 20.44 20.53 829.83 840.48 840.08 843.78

Private service-providing.............................. 22.35 22.98 23.04 23.11 726.38 746.85 746.50 748.76

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.83 20.50 20.55 20.65 674.22 694.95 696.65 697.97

Wholesale trade.................................. 25.00 26.11 26.03 26.12 975.00 1,013.07 1,007.36 1,010.84

Retail trade........................................ 15.93 16.39 16.50 16.53 484.27 498.26 503.25 500.86

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.76 22.37 22.45 22.64 837.76 847.82 850.86 855.79

Utilities............................................. 36.49 36.76 36.85 37.07 1,558.12 1,562.30 1,555.07 1,568.06

Information........................................... 31.63 33.28 33.32 33.45 1,122.87 1,181.44 1,179.53 1,184.13

Financial activities................................... 26.89 27.39 27.54 27.73 994.93 1,013.43 1,018.98 1,026.01

Professional and business services.............. 26.70 27.39 27.44 27.53 942.51 969.61 974.12 977.32

Education and health services..................... 23.57 24.11 24.15 24.16 761.31 778.75 777.63 777.95

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.79 14.35 14.38 14.44 343.37 357.32 355.19 358.11

Other services....................................... 20.71 21.03 21.08 21.12 637.87 647.72 647.16 648.38

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2019 -

May

2019p

May

2018

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019p

May

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2019 -

May

2019p

Total private..................................... 117.2 118.7 118.8 118.5 -0.3 177.2 184.4 185.1 185.2 0.1

Goods-producing............................. 94.3 95.1 94.9 94.8 -0.1 137.9 142.8 142.8 143.1 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 136.0 140.6 140.8 139.1 -1.2 220.9 240.4 245.0 240.2 -2.0

Construction................................ 109.6 110.7 110.2 110.6 0.4 162.9 169.3 169.2 170.2 0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 85.5 86.1 85.8 85.7 -0.1 119.9 123.7 123.2 123.5 0.2

Durable goods........................... 86.2 87.6 87.5 87.3 -0.2 120.5 125.3 125.0 125.1 0.1

Nondurable goods...................... 84.4 83.6 83.2 83.0 -0.2 118.7 120.5 120.2 120.5 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 123.5 125.4 125.2 125.3 0.1 189.4 197.6 197.8 198.5 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 111.0 111.4 111.3 111.1 -0.2 157.2 163.0 163.3 163.7 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 108.3 109.6 109.6 109.7 0.1 159.8 169.0 168.4 169.1 0.4

Retail trade.............................. 104.4 103.8 104.0 103.3 -0.7 142.5 145.8 147.0 146.4 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 135.8 137.6 137.8 137.6 -0.1 187.4 195.3 196.2 197.5 0.7

Utilities.................................... 97.3 96.1 95.3 95.6 0.3 148.2 147.5 146.6 148.0 1.0

Information................................. 92.3 91.6 91.2 90.9 -0.3 144.5 150.9 150.4 150.5 0.1

Financial activities......................... 115.4 116.6 116.7 116.8 0.1 191.0 196.4 197.8 199.2 0.7

Professional and business services..... 134.8 137.8 138.5 138.6 0.1 214.0 224.4 226.0 226.9 0.4

Education and health services........... 142.7 145.6 145.5 145.7 0.1 222.0 231.6 231.9 232.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 130.9 133.6 132.8 133.6 0.6 205.0 217.8 216.9 219.1 1.0

Other services............................. 104.4 105.7 105.7 105.5 -0.2 157.6 162.0 162.3 162.4 0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.