For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 8, 2010 USDL-10-0773

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2010

There were 3.1 million job openings on the last business day of April 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. The job openings rate increased over the month to 2.3 percent. The hires rate 

(3.3 percent) and the separations rate (3.1 percent) were unchanged. This release includes estimates of 

the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and 

geographic region. 

Job Openings 

The number of job openings increased in April to 3.1 million. Since the most recent trough of 2.3 

million in July 2009, the number of job openings has risen by 740,000. The job openings level increased 

in April for total nonfarm and total private. The level decreased for government. The number of job 

openings was little changed in most industries and in 2 of the 4 regions. The level increased in the 

Northeast and the West. (See table 1.) 

The number of job openings in April (not seasonally adjusted) increased from 12 months earlier for total 

nonfarm and total private. The job openings level increased in many industries and the number of job 

openings increased in 3 of the 4 regions. (See table 5.) 

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, May 2007 - April 2010

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted, May 2007 - April 2010

Hires

Separations

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.
- 2 - 

Hires 

In April, the hires rate was unchanged for total nonfarm at 3.3 percent. The hires rate has remained 

between 3.0 percent and 3.3 percent since September 2008. The hires rate was little changed in April for 

all industries and regions. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in April, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) increased for total private 

and was little changed for total nonfarm, government, and most industries. The hires rate increased in 

the Midwest and was little changed in the remaining regions over the year. (See table 6.) 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total .........................................................2,475 2,785 3,078 4,182 4,331 4,304 4,651 4,048 4,000

Total private 1................................................... 2,108 2,363 2,693 3,795 3,970 3,946 4,396 3,743 3,706

Construction................................................27 83 102 339 400 355 449 365 347

Manufacturing..........................................108 180 189 248 279 300 378 245 245

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2..................... 345 470 470 891 897 867 986 866 818

Retail trade..................................... 211 305 301 646 646 602 674 620 558

Professional and business services......................... 433 423 523 720 744 757 862 699 697

Education and health services........................... 506 536 573 470 503 508 474 455 478

Leisure and hospitality .................................... 337 257 300 691 712 720 723 677 687

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 24 24 34 93 114 126 112 119 114

Accommodation and food services..........313 232 265 598 598 594 611 558 572

Government 3..................................... 367 421 385 387 360 358 256 305 294

 State and local government..................................... 311 262 256 244 268 251 235 268 253

Total ...................................................... 1.8 2.1 2.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.1

Total private 1................................................... 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.4

Construction..........................................0.4 1.5 1.8 5.5 7.1 6.3 7.3 6.5 6.2

Manufacturing................................................ 0.9 1.5 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.6 3.1 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2........................ 1.4 1.9 1.9 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.3

Retail trade.................................... 1.4 2.1 2.0 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.3 3.9

Professional and business services......................... 2.5 2.5 3.0 4.3 4.5 4.5 5.2 4.2 4.2

Education and health services........................... 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality .................................... 2.5 1.9 2.2 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1.2 1.3 1.8 4.9 6.0 6.6 5.8 6.3 6.0

Accommodation and food services..........2.7 2.0 2.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.1

Government 3..................................... 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.3

 State and local government..................................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

remained unchanged in April for total nonfarm at 3.1 percent. The rate was also little changed over the 

month for total private and government. The total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) decreased 

over the 12 months ending in April for total nonfarm and total private and was little changed for 

government. (See tables 3 and 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In April, the 

quits rate was unchanged for total nonfarm (1.5 percent) and total private (1.7 percent), and the rate for 

government was little changed (0.4 percent). The rate was little changed over the month for all industries 

and regions. (See table 4.)

Over the 12 months ending in April, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm and government but increased for total private. The quits rate was little changed in most 

industries and 3 of the 4 regions over the year. The rate increased in the Northeast. (See table 8.)

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed in April for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table B below.) 

The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell over the 12 months ending in April for 

total nonfarm and total private and was little changed for government. The layoffs and discharges rate 

fell over the year in many industries and all four regions. (See table 9.) 

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In April, there were 349,000 other separations for 

total nonfarm, 300,000 for total private, and 49,000 for government. Compared to April 2009, the 

number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See 

table 10.) 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm 

level attributable to the individual components has varied over time. The proportion of quits had 

exceeded the proportion of layoffs and discharges every month from the beginning of the series in

December 2000 until November 2008 when layoffs and discharges became the larger contributor to total 

separations. In April 2009, the proportion of quits was 39 percent and began to rise, while the proportion 

of layoffs and discharges reached a high of 56 percent and began to fall. In February 2010, the relative 

contribution reversed again with the proportion of quits (47 percent) slightly exceeding the proportion of 

layoffs and discharges (46 percent). The difference between the proportions for quits (50 percent) and 

layoffs and discharges (44 percent) increased in April 2010. (Computed using values from tables 3 and 

4, and table B above.) Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total........................................................................................................... 2,617 1,821 1,747 2.0 1.4 1.3

Total private............................................................................................ 2,504 1,697 1,614 2.3 1.6 1.5

Government......................................................................................... 114 124 132 0.5 0.6 0.6

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates
- 4 - 

Net Change in Employment 

Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 48.8 million and separations totaled 50.2 million,

yielding a net employment loss of 1.4 million. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for May 2010 are scheduled to be released 

on Tuesday, July 13, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). 
Technical Note 

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from 

a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Collection 

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are 

collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data 

collection methods include computer-assisted telephone 

interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, e-mail, and mail. 

Coverage 

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 

50 states and the District of Columbia. 

Concepts 

 Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, 

State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and 

update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and 

ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year 

cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting 

from the verification process are always introduced into 

the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year. 

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position 

exists and there is work available for that position, 2) 

work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a 

suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is 

actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill 

the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, 

including both new and rehired employees, full-time and 

part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal employees, 

employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting 

more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who 

returned to work after having been formally separated, 

and transfers from other locations. The hires count does 

not include transfers or promotions within the reporting 

site, employees returning from strike, employees of 

temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time during 

the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings or 

other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or 

short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal 

employees. Other separations include retirements, 

transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to 

disability. Separations do not include transfers within the 

same location or employees on strike. 

 The separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and 

other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing 

the number by employment and multiplying by 100. 

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels 
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, 

and total separations are released with the January news 

release each year. 

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. 

Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are 

rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, 

annual estimates are published only for not seasonally 

adjusted data. 

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job 

openings cannot be created by summing the monthly 

estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and 

are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the 

month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by 

summing the monthly estimates. 

Special Collection Procedures 

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations 

from hires for a given month. Aggregating these monthly 

changes historically produced employment levels that 

overstated employment change as measured by CES at the 

total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed 

that a significant amount of the divergence between the 

CES employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government Education 

industry. In the former industry, businesses have a 

difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary 

help workers. In the latter industry, employers have 

difficulty reporting hires and separations of student 

workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the 

collection, editing, and review of data for these 

industries. BLS analysts more closely examine reported 

data that do not provide a consistent picture over time, 

and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts 

work with the respondents to adjust their reporting 

practices as possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but 

are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, 

they are replaced by imputed values using standard 

techniques. 

Sample and estimation methodology 

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 

nonfarm business establishments, including factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local 

governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 

The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 

million establishments compiled as part of the operations 

of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers 

subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and 

federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation 

for Federal Employees (UCFE). 

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units drawn 

on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one 

certainty panel composed of only large units selected with 

virtual certainty based on their size and 24 non-certainty 

panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is rolled 

into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is rolled 

out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample 

is constructed from panels from three different annual 

sampling frames. The entire sample of old plus new 

panels is post-stratified and re-weighted annually to 

represent the most recent sampling frame. Additionally, 

the out-of-business establishments are removed from the 

old panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample. 

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to 

JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all 

other JOLTS data elements. 

 JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model 

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. BLS has developed a 

model to estimate birth/death activity for current months 

by examining the birth/death activity from previous years 

on the QCEW and projecting forward to the present using 

an econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. 

The model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number of 

hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 
 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to their 

contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled 

units are estimated by computing the ratio of openings to 

hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to the 

modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are then 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from the 

survey to arrive at the estimates for openings, hires, and 

separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the 

X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal 

adjustment is the process of estimating and removing 

periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, 

holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. 

Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe 

fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly 

those associated with general economic expansions and 

contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment 

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, 

up to and including the data for the current month. 

Alignment procedure 

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to 

the CES net employment change. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and non-sampling errors 

between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to 

diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and 

improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and separations 

series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method. 

The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES 

employment trends to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS 

implied employment trend (hires minus separations) 

forcing them to be approximately the same, while 

preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the 

two series are seasonally adjusted and the difference 

between the JOLTS implied employment trend and the 

CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the 

JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the 

CES net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will receive 

40 percent of the needed adjustment and separations will 

receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted 

hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original 

seasonal factors. After the monthly alignment method has 

been used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the JOLTS 

implied employment trend with the CES trend. The CES 

series is considered a highly accurate measure of net 

employment change owing to its very large sample size 

and annual benchmarking to universe counts of 

employment from the QCEW program. 

Using JOLTS data 

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided 

into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full 

complement of panels for the original data series based on 

the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system 

was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 

2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed 

to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled 

until May 2003. The data collected up until those points 

are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates 

from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time. 

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and 

separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations 

estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be 

comparable to estimates for March 2002 and later. 

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new 

Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the 

JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal 

government. The Office of Personnel Management's 

record shows these transfers were completed in March 

2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions 

of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing 

movements of workers between establishments. The 

Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a 

massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these 

intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal 

government time series. 

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series 

and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire 

population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information 

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-

8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................2,475 2,456 2,531 2,854 2,647 2,785 3,078 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,108 2,113 2,130 2,471 2,266 2,363 2,693 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4

Construction.................................... 27 71 67 62 65 83 102 .4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8

Manufacturing................................. 108 155 171 154 167 180 189 .9 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 345 334 378 395 453 470 470 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9

Retail trade................................. 211 207 237 255 297 305 301 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0

Professional and business services...... 433 425 404 424 409 423 523 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.0

Education and health services............ 506 537 545 624 502 536 573 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 337 236 227 268 285 257 300 2.5 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 24 23 20 19 19 24 34 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.8

Accommodation and food services... 313 214 207 250 266 232 265 2.7 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.3

Government 6....................................... 367 343 401 383 381 421 385 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7

State and local government............... 311 249 294 256 246 262 256 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 495 482 547 585 542 599 696 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.7

South............................................. 897 859 943 986 916 945 1,005 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1

Midwest.......................................... 504 553 495 613 566 573 642 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1

West............................................. 560 586 603 648 682 707 820 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.8

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................4,182 4,160 3,997 4,087 4,011 4,331 4,304 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,795 3,878 3,715 3,790 3,710 3,970 3,946 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7

Construction.................................... 339 329 335 312 306 400 355 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.5 7.1 6.3

Manufacturing................................. 248 259 244 289 267 279 300 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 891 847 849 822 821 897 867 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5

Retail trade................................. 646 554 547 584 572 646 602 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.2

Professional and business services...... 720 808 652 729 767 744 757 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5

Education and health services............ 470 512 496 487 470 503 508 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 691 693 657 715 652 712 720 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 93 111 94 102 88 114 126 4.9 5.9 5.0 5.4 4.6 6.0 6.6

Accommodation and food services... 598 582 562 613 564 598 594 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.3

Government 6....................................... 387 282 282 297 301 360 358 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6

State and local government............... 244 247 254 254 258 268 251 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 697 758 746 836 733 837 775 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.1

South............................................. 1,625 1,555 1,463 1,449 1,381 1,618 1,662 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.5

Midwest.......................................... 871 896 900 936 965 1,073 1,093 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.7

West............................................. 892 970 879 922 861 1,025 958 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.6 3.3

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 4,651 4,130 4,195 4,155 3,969 4,048 4,000 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 4,396 3,846 3,884 3,858 3,663 3,743 3,706 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4

Construction.................................... 449 347 382 405 362 365 347 7.3 6.1 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.5 6.2

Manufacturing................................. 378 285 273 276 260 245 245 3.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 986 853 901 856 806 866 818 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3

Retail trade................................. 674 544 567 577 551 620 558 4.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.9

Professional and business services...... 862 706 649 698 716 699 697 5.2 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2

Education and health services............ 474 486 486 457 440 455 478 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 723 716 688 709 621 677 687 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 112 116 109 111 78 119 114 5.8 6.1 5.8 5.9 4.1 6.3 6.0

Accommodation and food services... 611 600 578 598 543 558 572 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.1

Government 6.................................... 256 284 311 296 306 305 294 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local government............... 235 249 283 269 273 268 253 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 725 728 817 789 730 821 702 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.8

South............................................. 1,641 1,531 1,499 1,561 1,459 1,423 1,434 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0

Midwest..........................................1,007 752 1,016 988 858 895 911 3.4 2.6 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.0 3.1

West............................................. 1,123 894 1,061 1,034 954 920 971 3.9 3.1 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.4

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 1,821 1,837 1,753 1,772 1,851 1,918 1,984 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,723 1,731 1,639 1,661 1,719 1,802 1,882 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Construction.................................... 64 92 76 99 84 83 69 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2

Manufacturing................................. 85 75 75 85 97 89 94 .7 .6 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 384 413 392 368 432 424 457 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8

Retail trade................................. 277 276 291 266 333 316 343 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.4

Professional and business services...... 285 264 248 259 300 315 330 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0

Education and health services............ 240 262 271 248 237 253 298 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 432 397 375 401 393 406 417 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 37 42 32 48 35 36 41 1.9 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.2

Accommodation and food services... 395 355 344 353 358 371 376 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4

Government 6.................................... 99 106 114 112 132 117 101 .4 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .4

State and local government............... 95 101 106 106 121 105 93 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 247 276 280 268 320 325 333 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3

South............................................. 682 757 722 736 755 750 761 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Midwest.......................................... 400 377 391 380 421 438 449 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5

West............................................. 426 446 382 362 434 406 420 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,703 2,707 3,434 2.0 2.1 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,318 2,288 3,031 2.1 2.1 2.8

Mining and logging.................................... 10 13 24 1.4 1.8 3.4

Construction............................................. 31 80 126 .5 1.5 2.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 112 166 198 .9 1.4 1.7

Durable goods....................................... 53 101 128 .7 1.4 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 59 65 70 1.3 1.4 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 350 481 496 1.4 1.9 2.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 78 133 104 1.4 2.3 1.8

Retail trade............................................. 210 293 316 1.4 2.0 2.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 62 55 77 1.3 1.2 1.6

Information................................................ 44 67 90 1.5 2.4 3.2

Financial activities...................................... 195 172 267 2.4 2.2 3.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 152 152 222 2.6 2.6 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 42 20 44 2.1 1.0 2.2

Professional and business services............... 461 391 562 2.7 2.3 3.3

Education and health services..................... 548 513 625 2.8 2.6 3.1

Educational services................................. 52 66 76 1.6 2.0 2.2

Health care and social assistance............... 496 447 550 3.0 2.7 3.3

Leisure and hospitality................................. 420 261 391 3.1 2.0 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 33 26 48 1.7 1.5 2.5

Accommodation and food services............ 387 235 343 3.4 2.1 3.0

Other services.......................................... 147 144 252 2.7 2.7 4.5

Government................................................ 385 419 403 1.6 1.8 1.7

Federal................................................... 67 170 143 2.3 5.5 4.6

State and local........................................... 318 249 260 1.6 1.2 1.3

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 539 555 753 2.1 2.2 3.0

South...................................................... 989 919 1,098 2.0 1.9 2.3

Midwest................................................... 559 558 683 1.8 1.9 2.3

West...................................................... 616 675 900 2.1 2.3 3.0

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 4,577 4,055 4,768 3.5 3.1 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 4,255 3,783 4,480 3.9 3.6 4.2

Mining and logging.................................... 16 25 31 2.3 3.6 4.5

Construction............................................. 475 419 502 7.9 7.9 9.1

Manufacturing.......................................... 247 265 306 2.1 2.3 2.6

Durable goods....................................... 147 148 182 2.0 2.1 2.6

Nondurable goods.................................... 100 117 124 2.2 2.6 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 942 879 943 3.8 3.6 3.9

Wholesale trade....................................... 144 140 179 2.6 2.5 3.2

Retail trade............................................. 678 634 641 4.7 4.5 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 120 106 123 2.5 2.3 2.6

Information................................................ 69 53 56 2.4 2.0 2.1

Financial activities...................................... 191 139 229 2.5 1.8 3.0

Finance and insurance.............................. 99 95 149 1.7 1.7 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 92 44 80 4.6 2.3 4.2

Professional and business services............... 807 701 865 4.9 4.3 5.2

Education and health services..................... 461 432 497 2.4 2.2 2.5

Educational services................................. 42 50 50 1.3 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance............... 420 382 446 2.6 2.3 2.7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 818 708 871 6.3 5.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 114 105 160 6.1 6.0 8.5

Accommodation and food services............ 704 602 711 6.3 5.5 6.4

Other services.......................................... 228 162 180 4.3 3.1 3.4

Government................................................ 321 271 287 1.4 1.2 1.3

Federal................................................... 141 88 104 4.9 3.0 3.5

State and local........................................... 180 183 184 .9 .9 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 812 683 801 3.3 2.8 3.2

South...................................................... 1,772 1,496 1,793 3.7 3.2 3.8

Midwest................................................... 988 979 1,178 3.3 3.3 4.0

West...................................................... 1,005 898 995 3.5 3.1 3.5

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 4,817 3,361 4,115 3.7 2.6 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 4,628 3,172 3,902 4.3 3.0 3.6

Mining and logging.................................... 31 16 22 4.4 2.3 3.1

Construction............................................. 433 294 333 7.2 5.6 6.1

Manufacturing.......................................... 423 221 271 3.5 1.9 2.3

Durable goods....................................... 290 120 148 3.9 1.7 2.1

Nondurable goods.................................... 134 101 123 2.9 2.3 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 1,012 724 836 4.1 3.0 3.4

Wholesale trade....................................... 170 121 145 3.0 2.2 2.6

Retail trade............................................. 680 512 561 4.7 3.6 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 161 91 129 3.4 1.9 2.8

Information................................................ 91 62 57 3.2 2.3 2.1

Financial activities...................................... 227 158 232 2.9 2.1 3.1

Finance and insurance.............................. 139 106 163 2.4 1.9 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 88 52 69 4.4 2.7 3.6

Professional and business services............... 945 689 771 5.7 4.2 4.6

Education and health services..................... 484 376 487 2.5 1.9 2.5

Educational services................................. 56 42 53 1.7 1.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance............... 428 333 434 2.7 2.0 2.7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 742 510 716 5.7 4.0 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 101 74 106 5.4 4.3 5.7

Accommodation and food services............ 641 436 609 5.8 4.0 5.5

Other services.......................................... 240 122 178 4.5 2.3 3.3

Government................................................ 188 189 214 .8 .8 .9

Federal................................................... 18 30 37 .6 1.0 1.3

State and local........................................... 170 159 176 .8 .8 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 784 654 693 3.1 2.7 2.8

South...................................................... 1,849 1,218 1,566 3.9 2.6 3.3

Midwest................................................... 1,014 729 881 3.4 2.5 3.0

West...................................................... 1,169 761 975 4.0 2.7 3.4

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 1,913 1,633 2,137 1.5 1.3 1.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,834 1,551 2,058 1.7 1.5 1.9

Mining and logging.................................... 8 7 10 1.1 1.0 1.4

Construction............................................. 67 72 65 1.1 1.4 1.2

Manufacturing.......................................... 91 77 105 .8 .7 .9

Durable goods....................................... 50 37 53 .7 .5 .8

Nondurable goods.................................... 42 40 52 .9 .9 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 407 367 494 1.6 1.5 2.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 47 57 68 .8 1.0 1.2

Retail trade............................................. 285 265 362 2.0 1.9 2.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 75 45 65 1.6 1.0 1.4

Information................................................ 39 36 33 1.4 1.3 1.2

Financial activities...................................... 85 84 119 1.1 1.1 1.6

Finance and insurance.............................. 53 62 80 .9 1.1 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 32 22 39 1.6 1.2 2.0

Professional and business services............... 290 314 367 1.7 1.9 2.2

Education and health services..................... 242 211 308 1.3 1.1 1.6

Educational services................................. 23 25 33 .7 .8 1.0

Health care and social assistance............... 219 186 275 1.4 1.1 1.7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 458 315 450 3.5 2.5 3.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 33 21 38 1.8 1.2 2.0

Accommodation and food services............ 425 294 412 3.8 2.7 3.7

Other services.......................................... 146 69 106 2.7 1.3 2.0

Government................................................ 80 82 79 .3 .4 .3

Federal................................................... 4 9 8 .1 .3 .3

State and local........................................... 76 72 72 .4 .4 .4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 270 277 355 1.1 1.1 1.4

South...................................................... 776 650 858 1.6 1.4 1.8

Midwest................................................... 417 373 478 1.4 1.3 1.6

West...................................................... 450 333 447 1.5 1.2 1.5

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,546 1,428 1,629 1.9 1.1 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,477 1,362 1,544 2.3 1.3 1.4

Mining and logging.................................... 20 7 10 2.9 1.1 1.4

Construction............................................. 343 204 241 5.7 3.9 4.4

Manufacturing.......................................... 308 123 138 2.6 1.1 1.2

Durable goods....................................... 225 72 75 3.0 1.0 1.1

Nondurable goods.................................... 83 51 63 1.8 1.1 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 493 305 276 2.0 1.2 1.1

Wholesale trade....................................... 112 54 71 2.0 1.0 1.3

Retail trade............................................. 308 221 153 2.1 1.6 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 73 30 52 1.5 .6 1.1

Information................................................ 45 19 21 1.6 .7 .8

Financial activities...................................... 116 57 73 1.5 .8 1.0

Finance and insurance.............................. 75 32 49 1.3 .6 .9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 40 25 24 2.0 1.3 1.2

Professional and business services............... 586 298 353 3.5 1.8 2.1

Education and health services..................... 203 127 150 1.1 .6 .8

Educational services................................. 30 14 18 .9 .4 .6

Health care and social assistance............... 173 113 131 1.1 .7 .8

Leisure and hospitality................................. 270 171 228 2.1 1.4 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 67 52 67 3.6 3.0 3.6

Accommodation and food services............ 203 120 161 1.8 1.1 1.4

Other services.......................................... 93 51 55 1.7 1.0 1.0

Government................................................ 69 66 85 .3 .3 .4

Federal................................................... 6 12 19 .2 .4 .6

State and local........................................... 63 54 66 .3 .3 .3

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 450 321 266 1.8 1.3 1.1

South...................................................... 925 469 597 1.9 1.0 1.3

Midwest................................................... 524 308 323 1.8 1.1 1.1

West...................................................... 647 330 442 2.2 1.2 1.5

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 357 300 349 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 318 259 300 .3 .2 .3

Mining and logging.................................... 3 2 2 .5 .3 .3

Construction............................................. 22 18 26 .4 .3 .5

Manufacturing.......................................... 24 21 28 .2 .2 .2

Durable goods....................................... 15 10 20 .2 .1 .3

Nondurable goods.................................... 9 11 8 .2 .2 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 112 52 66 .5 .2 .3

Wholesale trade....................................... 12 10 6 .2 .2 .1

Retail trade............................................. 87 26 47 .6 .2 .3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 13 16 13 .3 .3 .3

Information................................................ 7 7 4 .3 .3 .1

Financial activities...................................... 27 16 39 .3 .2 .5

Finance and insurance.............................. 11 12 33 .2 .2 .6

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 16 4 6 .8 .2 .3

Professional and business services............... 69 77 51 .4 .5 .3

Education and health services..................... 39 38 30 .2 .2 .2

Educational services................................. 3 3 2 .1 .1 .1

Health care and social assistance............... 36 35 27 .2 .2 .2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 14 24 38 .1 .2 .3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 1 2 1 .1 .1 .1

Accommodation and food services............ 13 23 36 .1 .2 .3

Other services.......................................... (

4

) 2 17 (

4

) (

4

) .3

Government................................................ 39 41 49 .2 .2 .2

Federal................................................... 8 9 11 .3 .3 .4

State and local........................................... 31 33 38 .2 .2 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 64 55 72 .3 .2 .3

South...................................................... 148 100 111 .3 .2 .2

Midwest................................................... 73 47 80 .2 .2 .3

West...................................................... 72 98 86 .2 .3 .3

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. 4 Data round to zero. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region