News

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 

United States 

Department 

of Labor 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 09-0633 

 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ 

 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Tuesday, June 9, 2009 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: APRIL 2009 

On the last business day of April, job openings in the U.S. numbered 2.5 million, the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The job openings level was at its 

lowest point since the series began in December 2000. The hires rate (3.1 percent) was unchanged in 

April and remained low. The total separations rate (3.6 percent) was little changed over the month. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the 

total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. 

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

 May 2006 - April 2009

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2007 2008 2009

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

 May 2006 - April 2009

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

Separations

Hires

2007 2008 2009

Job Openings

The job openings rate was unchanged in April at 1.9 percent. Since June 2007, the number of 

job openings has trended downward by 2.3 million, or 47 percent. In April, small declines in the job 

openings rate occurred in most industries; none of these declines were statistically significant. The job 

openings rate increased significantly for government due to an increase in job opportunities for 

temporary workers for Census 2010. (See table 1.) 
2 

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total 1................................................3,967 2,633 2,531 4,955 4,099 4,165 5,152 4,712 4,718

Total private 1

.................................... 3,547 2,269 2,080 4,635 3,799 3,803 4,825 4,434 4,431

Construction.................................... 109 51 30 401 343 348 461 463 441

Manufacturing................................. 274 115 95 337 244 235 393 401 379

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

......... 630 414 332 1,035 883 897 1,090 1,001 1,008

Retail trade..................................... 388 265 219 699 595 655 741 646 691

Professional and business services............ 749 428 458 903 668 743 924 778 851

Education and health services............... 719 537 522 554 483 486 506 466 471

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 520 289 330 868 693 691 884 751 712

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 57 25 20 112 85 80 122 95 90

Accommodation and food services......... 470 263 317 750 607 606 763 649 616

Government 3

..................................... 413 353 450 319 271 338 300 265 270

 State and local government.................. 383 291 317 292 247 252 277 251 249

Total 1

................................................ 2.8 1.9 1.9 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.6

Total private 1

.................................... 3.0 2.0 1.9 4.0 3.4 3.5 4.2 4.0 4.0

Construction.................................... 1.5 0.8 0.5 5.5 5.3 5.5 6.3 7.2 7.0

Manufacturing................................. 2.0 0.9 0.8 2.5 2.0 1.9 2.9 3.3 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2

......... 2.3 1.6 1.3 3.9 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.9 4.0

Retail trade.................................... 2.4 1.8 1.5 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.8 4.3 4.7

Professional and business services............4.0 2.5 2.7 5.0 4.0 4.4 5.1 4.6 5.1

Education and health services............... 3.7 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 3.7 2.1 2.4 6.4 5.3 5.3 6.5 5.7 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.........2.8 1.3 1.0 5.7 4.4 4.2 6.1 4.9 4.7

Accommodation and food services......... 3.9 2.3 2.7 6.5 5.4 5.4 6.6 5.8 5.5

Government 3

..................................... 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2

 State and local government.................. 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 3 Includes federal government, not shown separately. p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)

Over the 12 months ending in April, the job openings rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell 

significantly in almost every industry except federal government where it rose significantly. The job 

openings rate also fell in all four regions. The rate did not change significantly in finance and insurance. 

(See table 5.) 
3 

Hires

The hires level was little changed at 4.2 million in April. However, monthly hires experienced 

an overall downward trend, falling by 1.5 million, or 26 percent, since July 2006. The hires rate was 3.1 

percent in April. Government experienced a significant increase in the hires rate over the month mainly 

due to hiring of temporary workers for Census 2010. The hires rate did not change significantly in the 

remaining industries. Regionally, the South experienced a significant increase in the hires rate. The 

remaining regions did not change significantly. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in April, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) increased 

significantly in federal government. The rate decreased significantly over the year for total nonfarm, 

total private, and many industries including mining and logging; durable goods manufacturing; 

nondurable goods manufacturing; wholesale trade; finance and insurance; educational services; health 

care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and accommodation and food services. 

Regionally, the hires rate dropped significantly over the past 12 months in the Midwest and West. The 

rate did not change significantly in the Northeast and South. (See table 6.) 

Separations

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate 

(seasonally adjusted) was 3.6 percent in April, little changed from March. The total separations rate (not 

seasonally adjusted) decreased significantly over the 12 months ending in April. (See tables 3 and 7) 

The quits rate can serve as a barometer of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. 

Although the rate was little changed over the month at 1.3 percent in April, the quits rate was at the 

lowest point in the 8-year series. Quits have been trending downward since December 2006 to a level of 

1.8 million, a decline of 1.4 million or 44 percent. Comparing April 2009 to April 2008, the quits rate 

(not seasonally adjusted) was significantly lower for total nonfarm, total private, and government. 

Over the 12 months ending in April, the majority of industries experienced a significant decline 

in the quits rate with the exceptions of information; educational services; arts, entertainment, and 

recreation; other services; and federal government. The quits rate did not rise significantly over the past 

12 months in any industry. The quits rate fell significantly over the past 12 months in all four regions. 

(See tables 4 and 8.) 

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total 

nonfarm, total private, and government levels. Layoffs and discharges in April were 2.6 million for total 

nonfarm, 2.4 million for total private, and 142,000 for government, corresponding to layoffs and 

discharges rates of 1.9 percent, 2.2 percent, and 0.6 percent, respectively. The layoffs and discharges 

rate was unchanged in April at the total nonfarm and total private levels. The government layoffs and 

discharges rate increased significantly. 

Over the 12 months ending in April, the layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) 

rose significantly for total nonfarm, total private, government, and many industries including 

construction; durable goods manufacturing; retail trade; information; professional and business services; 

health care and social assistance; and state and local government. In the remaining industries, the 

layoffs and discharges rate did not change significantly. All four regions experienced a significant 

increase in the layoffs and discharges rate over the 12 months ending in April. (See table 9 for not 

seasonally adjusted layoffs and discharges.) 
4 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total................................................1,899 2,528 2,557 1.4 1.9 1.9

Total private....................................1,792 2,399 2,409 1.6 2.2 2.2

Government.................................... 94 118 142 0.4 0.5 0.6

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In April, there were 379,000 other 

separations for total nonfarm, 340,000 for total private, and 39,000 for government. Compared to April 

2008, the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and 

government. (See table 10.) 

The total separations rate is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total 

nonfarm level attributable to the individual components has varied over time. The proportion of quits 

has been trending downward from 59 percent in January 2008 to a series low of 38 percent in April 

2009. The proportion of layoffs and discharges has increased from 33 percent in August 2006 to 54 

percent in April 2009. (See tables 3, 4, and table B above.) 

Net Change in Employment

In the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 53.7 million and separations totaled 58.4 million, 

yielding a net employment loss over the year of 4.7 million. Hires trended downward while total 

separations remained relatively level over the year. The two major components of separations had 

offsetting movements; quits declined while layoffs increased. 

For More Information

For additional information, please read the Technical Note attached to this release, visit the 

JOLTS Web site at www.bls.gov/jlt/, send e-mail to Joltsinfo@bls.gov, or call (202) 691-5870. 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for May 2009 is scheduled to be issued on 

Tuesday, July 7. 
Technical Note 

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from 

a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Collection 

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are 

collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data 

collection methods include computer-assisted telephone 

interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, e-mail, and mail. 

Coverage 

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 

50 states and the District of Columbia. 

Concepts 

 Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, 

State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and 

update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and 

ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year 

cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting 

from the verification process are always introduced into 

the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year. 

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position 

exists and there is work available for that position, 2) 

work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a 

suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is 

actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill 

the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, 

including both new and rehired employees, full-time and 

part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal employees, 

employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting 

more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who 

returned to work after having been formally separated, 

and transfers from other locations. The hires count does 

not include transfers or promotions within the reporting 

site, employees returning from strike, employees of 

temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time during 

the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported as 

other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings or 

other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or 

short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal 

employees. Other separations include retirements, 

transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to 

disability. Separations do not include transfers within the 

same location or employees on strike. 

 The separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and 

other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing 

the number by employment and multiplying by 100. 

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels 
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, 

and total separations are released with the January news 

release each year. 

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. 

Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are 

rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, 

annual estimates are published only for not seasonally 

adjusted data. 

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job 

openings cannot be created by summing the monthly 

estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and 

are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the 

month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by 

summing the monthly estimates. 

Special Collection Procedures 

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting separations 

from hires for a given month. Aggregating these monthly 

changes historically produced employment levels that 

overstated employment change as measured by CES at the 

total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed 

that a significant amount of the divergence between the 

CES employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government Education 

industry. In the former industry, businesses have a 

difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary 

help workers. In the latter industry, employers have 

difficulty reporting hires and separations of student 

workers. BLS now devotes additional resources to the 

collection, editing, and review of data for these 

industries. BLS analysts more closely examine reported 

data that do not provide a consistent picture over time, 

and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts 

work with the respondents to adjust their reporting 

practices as possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but 

are clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, 

they are replaced by imputed values using standard 

techniques. 

Sample and estimation methodology 

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 

nonfarm business establishments, including factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local 

governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 

The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 

million establishments compiled as part of the operations 

of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers 

subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and 

federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation 

for Federal Employees (UCFE). 

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units drawn 

on an annual basis. The full annual sample consists of one 

certainty panel composed of only large units selected with 

virtual certainty based on their size and 24 non-certainty 

panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is rolled 

into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is rolled 

out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample 

is constructed from panels from three different annual 

sampling frames. The entire sample of old plus new 

panels is post-stratified and re-weighted annually to 

represent the most recent sampling frame. Additionally, 

the out-of-business establishments are removed from the 

old panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample. 

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to 

JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all 

other JOLTS data elements. 

 JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model 

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. BLS has developed a 

model to estimate birth/death activity for current months 

by examining the birth/death activity from previous years 

on the QCEW and projecting forward to the present using 

an econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. 

The model then combines the estimated churn with the 

projected employment change to estimate the number of 

hires and separations taking place in these units that 

cannot be measured through sampling. 
 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to their 

contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the modeled 

units are estimated by computing the ratio of openings to 

hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to the 

modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are then 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from the 

survey to arrive at the estimates for openings, hires, and 

separations. 

Seasonal adjustment 

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the 

X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal 

adjustment is the process of estimating and removing 

periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, 

holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. 

Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe 

fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly 

those associated with general economic expansions and 

contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment 

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, 

up to and including the data for the current month. 

Alignment procedure 

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to 

the CES net employment change. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and non-sampling errors 

between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to 

diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and 

improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and separations 

series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method. 

The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES 

employment trends to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS 

implied employment trend (hires minus separations) 

forcing them to be approximately the same, while 

preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the 

two series are seasonally adjusted and the difference 

between the JOLTS implied employment trend and the 

CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the 

JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the 

CES net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will receive 

40 percent of the needed adjustment and separations will 

receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The adjusted 

hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally 

adjusted data by reversing the application of the original 

seasonal factors. After the monthly alignment method has 

been used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the JOLTS 

implied employment trend with the CES trend. The CES 

series is considered a highly accurate measure of net 

employment change owing to its very large sample size 

and annual benchmarking to universe counts of 

employment from the QCEW program. 

Using JOLTS data 

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided 

into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full 

complement of panels for the original data series based on 

the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system 

was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 

2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed 

to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled 

until May 2003. The data collected up until those points 

are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates 

from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time. 

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and 

separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations 

estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be 

comparable to estimates for March 2002 and later. 

 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new 

Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the 

JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal 

government. The Office of Personnel Management's 

record shows these transfers were completed in March 

2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions 

of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing 

movements of workers between establishments. The 

Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a 

massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these 

intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal 

government time series. 

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal 

adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series 

and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire 

population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request. 

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation. 

Other information 

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-

8339. 
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4................................................... 3,967 3,311 3,224 2,920 2,973 2,633 2,531 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private 4

....................................... 3,547 2,928 2,861 2,461 2,606 2,269 2,080 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.9

Construction....................................... 109 76 66 55 58 51 30 1.5 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5

Manufacturing.................................... 274 203 188 115 141 115 95 2.0 1.5 1.4 .9 1.1 .9 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5

......... 630 624 495 488 488 414 332 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.3

Retail trade....................................... 388 410 337 362 334 265 219 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.5

Professional and business services......... 749 505 562 501 482 428 458 4.0 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.7

Education and health services............... 719 697 685 636 589 537 522 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ........................... 520 302 315 272 332 289 330 3.7 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 57 35 40 27 30 25 20 2.8 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.0

Accommodation and food services......... 470 284 274 242 302 263 317 3.9 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.7

Government 6....................................... 413 378 345 417 367 353 450 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.0

State and local government................... 383 337 312 328 317 291 317 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

REGION 7

Northeast.......................................... 647 582 633 560 607 583 550 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2

South................................................ 1,498 1,267 1,245 1,109 1,109 1,000 951 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0

Midwest............................................. 851 644 607 587 563 499 519 2.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7

West................................................ 956 767 689 655 638 556 572 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.9

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p

 = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4................................................... 4,955 4,226 4,508 4,460 4,339 4,099 4,165 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4

....................................... 4,635 3,928 4,214 4,141 4,042 3,799 3,803 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5

Construction....................................... 401 340 366 381 370 343 348 5.5 4.9 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.5

Manufacturing.................................... 337 257 252 237 257 244 235 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5

......... 1,035 852 891 949 814 883 897 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.5

Retail trade....................................... 699 576 595 587 563 595 655 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4

Professional and business services......... 903 783 786 762 730 668 743 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.4

Education and health services............... 554 528 528 539 527 483 486 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................... 868 706 711 743 704 693 691 6.4 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 112 92 111 105 89 85 80 5.7 4.7 5.7 5.4 4.6 4.4 4.2

Accommodation and food services......... 750 620 605 627 614 607 606 6.5 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4

Government 6....................................... 319 281 271 306 275 271 338 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.5

State and local government................... 292 251 253 261 252 247 252 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast.......................................... 802 661 726 753 837 696 732 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9

South................................................ 1,798 1,572 1,659 1,663 1,566 1,458 1,591 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.3

Midwest............................................. 1,092 934 1,009 1,003 904 943 921 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.1

West................................................ 1,293 1,043 1,053 1,002 960 931 965 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4................................................... 5,152 4,863 4,958 4,949 4,833 4,712 4,718 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private 4

....................................... 4,825 4,571 4,673 4,686 4,555 4,434 4,431 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0

Construction....................................... 461 472 452 524 463 463 441 6.3 6.8 6.6 7.8 7.0 7.2 7.0

Manufacturing.................................... 393 384 419 476 424 401 379 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5

.........1,090 1,030 1,041 1,049 920 1,001 1,008 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0

Retail trade.................................... 741 680 664 645 590 646 691 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.7

Professional and business services......... 924 909 898 866 951 778 851 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.6 4.6 5.1

Education and health services............... 506 466 498 494 498 466 471 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 884 773 755 763 731 751 712 6.5 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 122 98 106 117 88 95 90 6.1 5.0 5.4 6.0 4.5 4.9 4.7

Accommodation and food services...... 763 673 647 650 635 649 616 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.5

Government 6

....................................... 300 282 278 277 271 265 270 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

State and local government................... 277 258 251 267 251 251 249 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast.......................................... 842 767 799 813 783 878 705 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.5 2.8

South................................................1,890 1,841 1,815 1,898 1,742 1,741 1,704 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6

Midwest.............................................1,140 1,105 1,088 1,120 1,121 1,085 1,054 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5

West................................................ 1,244 1,205 1,227 1,180 1,188 978 1,231 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.3 4.1

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p

Total 4................................................... 2,820 2,201 2,114 2,063 1,911 1,856 1,771 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private 4

....................................... 2,668 2,076 1,984 1,945 1,831 1,749 1,674 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5

Construction....................................... 161 109 92 85 87 102 64 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.0

Manufacturing.................................... 187 122 87 105 105 81 82 1.4 .9 .7 .8 .8 .7 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5

......... 595 489 518 469 372 444 385 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5

Retail trade.................................... 416 352 379 360 323 344 263 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.8

Professional and business services......... 464 349 297 326 310 278 269 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6

Education and health services............... 321 251 256 248 258 249 230 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 625 469 461 443 431 433 424 4.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 50 35 29 31 36 35 39 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.0

Accommodation and food services...... 576 437 435 412 399 402 389 5.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5

Government 6

....................................... 150 122 130 105 115 107 99 .7 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4

State and local government................... 142 117 121 100 110 106 93 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5

REGION 7

Northeast.......................................... 481 321 302 278 271 273 271 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

South................................................1,122 879 847 790 759 751 682 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4

Midwest............................................. 602 491 452 491 468 431 412 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4

West................................................ 658 510 498 492 453 408 439 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 4,379 2,512 2,826 3.1 1.9 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 3,952 2,180 2,365 3.3 2.0 2.1

Mining and logging....................................... 21 11 11 2.7 1.5 1.5

Construction................................................ 127 54 33 1.7 .9 .5

Manufacturing............................................. 301 118 115 2.2 1.0 .9

Durable goods.......................................... 174 57 57 2.0 .8 .8

Nondurable goods.................................... 127 61 58 2.5 1.3 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 671 403 352 2.5 1.6 1.4

Wholesale trade....................................... 163 109 75 2.6 1.9 1.3

Retail trade............................................. 403 236 210 2.6 1.6 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 106 58 67 2.0 1.2 1.4

Information................................................ 111 55 43 3.5 1.9 1.5

Financial activities......................................... 279 172 194 3.3 2.2 2.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 207 126 154 3.3 2.1 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 72 46 40 3.3 2.3 2.0

Professional and business services.................. 813 396 510 4.3 2.3 3.0

Education and health services........................ 805 519 566 4.1 2.6 2.8

Educational services................................. 79 33 52 2.4 1.0 1.6

Health care and social assistance.................. 726 486 514 4.4 2.9 3.1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 627 301 399 4.5 2.3 3.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 78 26 27 3.9 1.5 1.4

Accommodation and food services............... 549 274 373 4.6 2.4 3.2

Other services............................................. 197 151 141 3.4 2.7 2.5

Government................................................... 427 331 460 1.8 1.4 2.0

Federal...................................................... 38 58 134 1.4 2.0 4.5

State and local........................................... 389 274 326 1.9 1.3 1.6

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 719 540 589 2.7 2.1 2.3

South......................................................... 1,673 959 1,008 3.3 2.0 2.1

Midwest...................................................... 940 497 571 2.9 1.6 1.9

West......................................................... 1,047 517 658 3.3 1.7 2.2

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 5,417 3,701 4,584 3.9 2.8 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 5,174 3,513 4,313 4.5 3.2 3.9

Mining and logging....................................... 36 16 18 4.8 2.2 2.4

Construction................................................ 552 356 475 7.7 5.8 7.7

Manufacturing............................................. 346 237 236 2.6 1.9 2.0

Durable goods.......................................... 201 145 133 2.3 1.9 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 145 92 103 2.9 2.0 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 1,086 818 957 4.1 3.2 3.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 201 125 147 3.4 2.2 2.6

Retail trade............................................. 703 552 675 4.6 3.8 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 181 140 136 3.6 2.9 2.8

Information................................................ 77 57 79 2.5 2.0 2.7

Financial activities......................................... 261 148 191 3.2 1.9 2.5

Finance and insurance.............................. 168 93 105 2.8 1.6 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 93 55 87 4.4 2.8 4.4

Professional and business services.................. 995 629 827 5.6 3.8 4.9

Education and health services........................ 552 419 473 2.9 2.2 2.4

Educational services................................. 70 39 43 2.2 1.2 1.3

Health care and social assistance.................. 483 379 430 3.1 2.4 2.7

Leisure and hospitality................................. 1,027 676 816 7.7 5.3 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 153 82 102 7.9 4.6 5.5

Accommodation and food services............... 874 595 714 7.6 5.4 6.4

Other services............................................. 243 156 241 4.4 2.9 4.5

Government................................................... 243 188 271 1.1 .8 1.2

Federal...................................................... 30 23 88 1.1 .8 3.1

State and local........................................... 213 165 183 1.1 .8 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 885 610 803 3.4 2.5 3.2

South......................................................... 1,914 1,348 1,719 3.9 2.8 3.6

Midwest...................................................... 1,217 888 1,010 3.9 3.0 3.4

West......................................................... 1,401 854 1,052 4.5 2.9 3.6

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 5,248 3,904 4,744 3.8 3.0 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 5,019 3,737 4,538 4.4 3.4 4.2

Mining and logging....................................... 31 31 29 4.1 4.3 4.0

Construction................................................ 445 374 426 6.2 6.1 6.9

Manufacturing............................................. 432 371 401 3.2 3.0 3.3

Durable goods.......................................... 265 251 268 3.1 3.3 3.6

Nondurable goods.................................... 168 120 134 3.4 2.6 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 1,099 822 1,035 4.2 3.3 4.1

Wholesale trade....................................... 201 148 177 3.4 2.6 3.1

Retail trade............................................. 728 523 696 4.8 3.6 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 170 151 162 3.3 3.1 3.4

Information................................................ 83 69 91 2.8 2.4 3.1

Financial activities......................................... 285 197 228 3.5 2.5 2.9

Finance and insurance.............................. 185 112 139 3.1 1.9 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 100 85 89 4.7 4.3 4.5

Professional and business services.................. 948 741 872 5.3 4.4 5.2

Education and health services........................ 520 393 475 2.8 2.0 2.5

Educational services................................. 62 41 52 2.0 1.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance.................. 458 352 423 2.9 2.2 2.6

Leisure and hospitality................................. 928 580 737 6.9 4.5 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 116 62 87 6.0 3.5 4.7

Accommodation and food services............... 811 518 650 7.1 4.7 5.8

Other services............................................. 248 158 244 4.5 2.9 4.5

Government................................................... 229 167 205 1.0 .7 .9

Federal...................................................... 22 12 20 .8 .4 .7

State and local........................................... 207 156 185 1.0 .8 .9

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 853 687 713 3.3 2.8 2.9

South......................................................... 2,070 1,475 1,807 4.2 3.1 3.8

Midwest...................................................... 1,085 880 982 3.5 2.9 3.3

West......................................................... 1,240 862 1,243 4.0 2.9 4.2

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 2,996 1,591 1,869 2.2 1.2 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 2,867 1,515 1,789 2.5 1.4 1.6

Mining and logging....................................... 18 7 12 2.4 .9 1.7

Construction................................................ 173 80 68 2.4 1.3 1.1

Manufacturing............................................. 198 73 88 1.5 .6 .7

Durable goods.......................................... 117 35 42 1.4 .5 .6

Nondurable goods.................................... 81 38 46 1.6 .8 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 633 380 398 2.4 1.5 1.6

Wholesale trade....................................... 101 48 47 1.7 .8 .8

Retail trade............................................. 431 273 276 2.8 1.9 1.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 101 59 75 2.0 1.2 1.6

Information................................................ 51 22 40 1.7 .8 1.4

Financial activities......................................... 162 63 86 2.0 .8 1.1

Finance and insurance.............................. 104 37 50 1.7 .6 .9

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 59 26 36 2.8 1.3 1.8

Professional and business services.................. 463 275 264 2.6 1.6 1.6

Education and health services........................ 336 211 234 1.8 1.1 1.2

Educational services................................. 24 19 21 .7 .6 .6

Health care and social assistance.................. 312 192 214 2.0 1.2 1.3

Leisure and hospitality................................. 663 336 448 5.0 2.6 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 44 20 34 2.3 1.1 1.8

Accommodation and food services............... 619 316 414 5.4 2.9 3.7

Other services............................................. 170 69 152 3.1 1.3 2.8

Government................................................... 129 76 79 .6 .3 .3

Federal...................................................... 8 2 5 .3 .1 .2

State and local........................................... 121 74 75 .6 .4 .4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 490 237 273 1.9 1.0 1.1

South......................................................... 1,250 658 759 2.5 1.4 1.6

Midwest...................................................... 603 360 398 1.9 1.2 1.3

West......................................................... 653 335 438 2.1 1.1 1.5

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 1,829 2,029 2,496 1.3 1.5 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 1,773 1,970 2,409 1.5 1.8 2.2

Mining and logging....................................... 10 23 14 1.4 3.1 1.9

Construction................................................ 235 285 340 3.3 4.7 5.5

Manufacturing............................................. 202 274 292 1.5 2.3 2.4

Durable goods.......................................... 127 202 212 1.5 2.7 2.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 74 73 80 1.5 1.6 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 336 368 511 1.3 1.5 2.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 89 82 116 1.5 1.4 2.0

Retail trade............................................. 188 204 319 1.2 1.4 2.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 59 83 76 1.2 1.7 1.6

Information................................................ 22 40 41 .7 1.4 1.4

Financial activities......................................... 92 115 105 1.1 1.5 1.4

Finance and insurance.............................. 62 61 57 1.0 1.0 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 30 54 48 1.4 2.7 2.4

Professional and business services.................. 452 418 540 2.5 2.5 3.2

Education and health services........................ 139 132 199 .7 .7 1.0

Educational services................................. 35 13 27 1.1 .4 .9

Health care and social assistance.................. 104 119 172 .7 .7 1.1

Leisure and hospitality................................. 225 228 274 1.7 1.8 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 65 40 52 3.3 2.3 2.8

Accommodation and food services............... 161 188 222 1.4 1.7 2.0

Other services............................................. 60 87 92 1.1 1.6 1.7

Government................................................... 56 59 87 .2 .3 .4

Federal...................................................... 7 4 8 .3 .1 .3

State and local........................................... 48 55 79 .2 .3 .4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 275 376 379 1.1 1.5 1.5

South......................................................... 668 720 900 1.3 1.5 1.9

Midwest...................................................... 380 461 509 1.2 1.5 1.7

West......................................................... 507 473 709 1.6 1.6 2.4

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Mar. Apr.

2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p

Total............................................................... 422 284 379 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................... 378 251 340 .3 .2 .3

Mining and logging....................................... 3 2 3 .3 .3 .5

Construction................................................ 37 9 17 .5 .2 .3

Manufacturing............................................. 33 23 22 .2 .2 .2

Durable goods.......................................... 21 15 14 .2 .2 .2

Nondurable goods.................................... 12 8 8 .3 .2 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 130 74 126 .5 .3 .5

Wholesale trade....................................... 11 18 14 .2 .3 .2

Retail trade............................................. 110 46 100 .7 .3 .7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 10 10 12 .2 .2 .3

Information................................................ 10 7 10 .3 .2 .3

Financial activities......................................... 31 20 37 .4 .3 .5

Finance and insurance.............................. 19 14 32 .3 .2 .6

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 12 6 5 .5 .3 .2

Professional and business services.................. 33 48 68 .2 .3 .4

Education and health services........................ 45 50 42 .2 .3 .2

Educational services................................. 4 9 4 .1 .3 .1

Health care and social assistance.................. 41 41 38 .3 .3 .2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 39 16 15 .3 .1 .1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............... 8 2 2 .4 .1 .1

Accommodation and food services............... 31 14 14 .3 .1 .1

Other services............................................. 17 2 (

4

) .3 (

4

) (4)

Government................................................... 44 33 39 .2 .1 .2

Federal...................................................... 6 6 7 .2 .2 .3

State and local........................................... 38 27 32 .2 .1 .2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................... 88 74 61 .3 .3 .2

South......................................................... 152 98 148 .3 .2 .3

Midwest...................................................... 102 59 75 .3 .2 .2

West......................................................... 81 53 96 .3 .2 .3

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. 4 Data round to zero. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region