For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 5, 2019 USDL-19-1907

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2019

The number of job openings edged down to 7.0 million (-277,000) on the last business day of 

September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations 

were little changed at 5.9 million and 5.8 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the

layoffs and discharges rate were little changed at 2.3 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively. This release 

includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector 

by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of September, the job openings level edged down to 7.0 million (-277,000). 

The job openings rate was 4.4 percent. The number of job openings edged down for total private

(-262,000) and was little changed for government. The job openings level decreased in health care and 

social assistance (-124,000), retail trade (-102,000), and federal government (-19,000). Job openings 

increased in information (+25,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Northeast region. (See 

table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.9 million in September and the hires rate was unchanged at

3.9 percent. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. The hires level

decreased in federal government (-30,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions.

(See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.8 million in September and the rate was

unchanged at 3.8 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for 

government. The total separations level was little changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See 

table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in September at 3.5 million as was the rate at 2.3 percent. The 

quits level was little changed for total private and for government. Quits decreased in accommodation 

and food services (-74,000) and in real estate and rental and leasing (-19,000). The number of quits 

decreased in the Northeast and South regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges edged up in September to 2.0 million (+152,000). The layoffs 

and discharges rate was 1.3 percent. The layoffs and discharges level edged up for total private

(+151,000) and was little changed for government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 

accommodation and food services (+72,000) and in health care and social assistance (+42,000). The 

layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in September. The other separations level was also 

little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in accommodation and 

food services (+15,000) and in nondurable goods manufacturing (+5,000). The number of other 

separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in September, hires totaled 69.9 million 

and separations totaled 67.4 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2019 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, December 17, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,392 7,301 7,024 5,670 5,884 5,934 5,558 5,732 5,808

Total private....................................... 6,771 6,562 6,300 5,327 5,489 5,565 5,216 5,385 5,454

Mining and logging1............................ 34 33 32 42 21 24 37 28 24

Construction1................................... 299 384 338 378 414 426 361 415 418

Manufacturing.................................. 469 470 469 336 337 351 320 320 357

Durable goods1.............................. 297 321 309 192 192 202 180 183 206

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 171 149 161 145 145 149 141 137 151

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,554 1,337 1,275 1,158 1,173 1,196 1,174 1,202 1,215

Wholesale trade............................. 227 193 202 141 145 160 135 145 164

Retail trade................................... 978 816 714 797 782 790 838 817 814

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 349 327 359 220 245 246 201 241 237

Information1

..................................... 110 137 162 89 95 89 92 94 79

Financial activities.............................. 353 377 356 223 235 222 209 240 213

Finance and insurance..................... 266 269 262 148 148 141 143 151 131

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 88 107 94 75 86 82 66 89 82

Professional and business services......... 1,352 1,305 1,267 1,129 1,163 1,226 1,079 1,145 1,187

Education and health services............... 1,282 1,330 1,191 669 686 716 628 633 655

Educational services1

....................... 76 135 120 89 94 93 95 98 92

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,206 1,195 1,071 580 593 622 532 535 563

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,074 929 964 1,086 1,135 1,145 1,097 1,110 1,115

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 100 120 143 177 161 165 164 159 153

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 974 809 821 909 973 979 932 951 962

Other services.................................. 246 261 245 216 229 170 219 199 190

Government....................................... 621 739 724 343 396 369 342 347 355

Federal1

......................................... 83 121 102 37 70 40 36 40 41

State and local................................. 538 618 622 306 325 329 306 307 314

State and local education.................. 220 218 231 158 169 169 160 153 157

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 318 400 391 148 156 160 146 154 156

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.7 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8

Total private....................................... 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2

Mining and logging1

............................ 4.3 4.3 4.1 5.6 2.8 3.3 5.0 3.7 3.2

Construction1

................................... 3.9 4.9 4.3 5.1 5.5 5.7 4.9 5.5 5.6

Manufacturing.................................. 3.6 3.5 3.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.8

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.6 3.8 3.7 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.6

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.3 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4

Wholesale trade............................. 3.7 3.2 3.3 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.8

Retail trade................................... 5.8 4.9 4.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 5.5 5.1 5.5 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.9

Information1

..................................... 3.7 4.6 5.4 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 3.9 4.2 3.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.4

Finance and insurance..................... 4.0 4.1 4.0 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.7 4.4 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.8 3.5

Professional and business services......... 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.1 5.3 5.5

Education and health services............... 5.1 5.2 4.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.0 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.7 5.5 4.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................ 6.2 5.3 5.5 6.6 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.0 4.7 5.5 7.3 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.5 5.4 5.4 6.5 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.8

Other services.................................. 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.9 2.9 3.7 3.3 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Government....................................... 2.7 3.2 3.1 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 2.9 4.1 3.5 1.3 2.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

State and local................................. 2.7 3.0 3.0 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.3 4.1 4.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total............................................... 7,392 7,384 7,248 7,174 7,301 7,024 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,771 6,680 6,560 6,462 6,562 6,300 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7

Mining and logging3....................... 34 30 29 41 33 32 4.3 3.8 3.7 5.2 4.3 4.1

Construction3

............................... 299 376 331 360 384 338 3.9 4.8 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.3

Manufacturing.............................. 469 503 515 513 470 469 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.5

Durable goods3

.......................... 297 320 322 317 321 309 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7

Nondurable goods3

...................... 171 183 193 196 149 161 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.0 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,554 1,352 1,390 1,256 1,337 1,275 5.3 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.4

Wholesale trade......................... 227 220 213 169 193 202 3.7 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.3

Retail trade............................... 978 815 863 793 816 714 5.8 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 349 317 314 294 327 359 5.5 4.9 4.9 4.6 5.1 5.5

Information3................................. 110 107 129 177 137 162 3.7 3.7 4.4 5.9 4.6 5.4

Financial activities......................... 353 352 378 379 377 356 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.9

Finance and insurance................. 266 266 260 249 269 262 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 88 86 118 130 107 94 3.7 3.6 4.8 5.3 4.4 3.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,352 1,313 1,292 1,238 1,305 1,267 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.5

Education and health services........... 1,282 1,329 1,322 1,287 1,330 1,191 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.7

Educational services3................... 76 122 127 135 135 120 2.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,206 1,207 1,195 1,152 1,195 1,071 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.5 4.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,074 1,027 913 959 929 964 6.2 5.8 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 100 110 104 101 120 143 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.7 5.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 974 916 809 858 809 821 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.4

Other services.............................. 246 292 261 252 261 245 4.0 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0

Government................................... 621 704 688 712 739 724 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1

Federal3

..................................... 83 110 110 127 121 102 2.9 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.5

State and local............................. 538 595 578 585 618 622 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0

State and local education.............. 220 212 217 212 218 231 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 318 383 360 373 400 391 3.3 4.0 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,269 1,271 1,231 1,172 1,348 1,203 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.1

South........................................... 2,720 2,754 2,641 2,634 2,765 2,673 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.6

Midwest........................................ 1,744 1,697 1,689 1,690 1,569 1,540 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.4

West............................................ 1,659 1,662 1,688 1,677 1,620 1,607 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,670 5,760 5,716 5,978 5,884 5,934 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,327 5,398 5,377 5,620 5,489 5,565 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3

Mining and logging......................... 42 27 21 23 21 24 5.6 3.5 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.3

Construction................................ 378 387 413 374 414 426 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.7

Manufacturing.............................. 336 340 336 338 337 351 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7

Durable goods........................... 192 193 194 190 192 202 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 145 147 142 148 145 149 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,158 1,161 1,177 1,233 1,173 1,196 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.3

Wholesale trade......................... 141 164 154 169 145 160 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.7

Retail trade............................... 797 770 798 804 782 790 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 220 227 225 260 245 246 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.0

Information.................................. 89 99 93 94 95 89 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1

Financial activities......................... 223 217 219 256 235 222 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.6

Finance and insurance................. 148 139 128 163 148 141 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 75 78 91 94 86 82 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,129 1,172 1,112 1,180 1,163 1,226 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.7

Education and health services........... 669 675 676 750 686 716 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9

Educational services.................... 89 98 93 108 94 93 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 580 577 583 642 593 622 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,086 1,100 1,114 1,150 1,135 1,145 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 177 167 128 155 161 165 7.3 6.8 5.2 6.3 6.6 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 909 933 986 995 973 979 6.5 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.9

Other services.............................. 216 220 217 221 229 170 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 2.9

Government................................... 343 361 339 358 396 369 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6

Federal...................................... 37 32 33 37 70 40 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.5 1.4

State and local............................. 306 329 306 322 325 329 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

State and local education.............. 158 171 166 172 169 169 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 148 158 140 150 156 160 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 814 957 891 964 935 898 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.2

South........................................... 2,310 2,261 2,293 2,420 2,306 2,358 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,321 1,233 1,249 1,274 1,285 1,302 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9

West............................................ 1,225 1,308 1,283 1,320 1,358 1,377 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total............................................... 5,558 5,557 5,513 5,810 5,732 5,808 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,216 5,208 5,174 5,473 5,385 5,454 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 37 24 24 27 28 24 5.0 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.2

Construction................................ 361 390 407 376 415 418 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.6

Manufacturing.............................. 320 334 331 326 320 357 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.8

Durable goods........................... 180 188 180 177 183 206 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 141 147 151 149 137 151 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,174 1,134 1,118 1,217 1,202 1,215 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.4

Wholesale trade......................... 135 148 152 165 145 164 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.8

Retail trade............................... 838 768 767 807 817 814 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 201 219 199 246 241 237 3.3 3.6 3.3 4.0 3.9 3.9

Information.................................. 92 91 90 95 94 79 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 2.8

Financial activities......................... 209 211 219 231 240 213 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.4

Finance and insurance................. 143 134 125 140 151 131 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 78 94 91 89 82 2.9 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,079 1,139 1,059 1,148 1,145 1,187 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.5

Education and health services........... 628 622 611 682 633 655 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.7

Educational services.................... 95 95 89 91 98 92 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 532 527 522 590 535 563 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,097 1,047 1,096 1,144 1,110 1,115 6.7 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 164 173 136 150 159 153 6.8 7.0 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 932 874 960 994 951 962 6.7 6.1 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.8

Other services.............................. 219 215 218 226 199 190 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.2

Government................................... 342 349 339 336 347 355 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 36 34 33 37 40 41 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4

State and local............................. 306 315 306 300 307 314 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 160 178 174 158 153 157 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 146 137 132 142 154 156 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 854 924 896 870 914 844 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.0

South........................................... 2,253 2,078 2,114 2,237 2,287 2,269 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,234 1,216 1,224 1,298 1,195 1,304 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.9

West............................................ 1,216 1,339 1,278 1,404 1,336 1,391 3.5 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 4.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total............................................... 3,393 3,478 3,462 3,668 3,601 3,498 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,223 3,277 3,278 3,487 3,419 3,310 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging......................... 21 15 13 14 14 11 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.5

Construction................................ 170 168 186 177 182 188 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 202 203 203 195 197 216 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7

Durable goods........................... 110 114 114 103 114 125 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6

Nondurable goods....................... 92 89 89 92 83 91 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 763 784 745 771 777 752 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7

Wholesale trade......................... 88 105 90 89 87 88 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Retail trade............................... 569 543 540 545 554 533 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 107 136 115 137 136 131 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1

Information.................................. 41 57 50 43 49 41 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.4

Financial activities......................... 125 118 137 138 152 126 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 75 73 77 88 92 84 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 51 45 60 50 61 42 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.6 1.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 605 619 621 679 646 658 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.1

Education and health services........... 411 406 412 485 459 444 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.8

Educational services.................... 51 51 54 61 56 51 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 360 355 359 424 402 392 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 739 761 782 822 831 753 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 81 73 77 80 83 79 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 658 688 705 742 748 674 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.3 4.7

Other services.............................. 144 144 128 165 113 121 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.8 1.9 2.0

Government................................... 170 202 183 181 181 188 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 18 16 14 17 18 17 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 152 186 170 164 164 170 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

State and local education.............. 75 103 98 88 87 91 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 76 82 71 75 77 80 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 447 496 507 502 546 468 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.7

South........................................... 1,420 1,381 1,392 1,479 1,440 1,347 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4

Midwest........................................ 747 802 763 836 759 815 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.4

West............................................ 778 799 800 852 856 867 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total............................................... 1,818 1,773 1,711 1,788 1,812 1,964 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,701 1,683 1,615 1,698 1,709 1,860 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

Mining and logging......................... 14 8 8 12 10 12 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.6

Construction................................ 180 211 211 183 218 220 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.9

Manufacturing.............................. 101 112 109 112 104 116 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9

Durable goods........................... 59 61 55 63 57 68 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 41 51 54 49 48 49 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 360 297 313 372 368 397 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 42 34 56 63 54 67 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1

Retail trade............................... 231 194 184 216 227 242 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 87 70 73 93 88 88 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4

Information.................................. 46 28 28 42 38 33 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.2

Financial activities......................... 56 65 63 63 59 60 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 43 35 31 27 33 26 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 13 30 31 36 26 34 0.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 399 469 376 410 441 464 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2

Education and health services........... 162 170 164 159 137 178 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7

Educational services.................... 37 36 30 26 36 36 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 125 134 134 133 100 142 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 314 257 272 296 257 326 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 2.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 75 97 57 67 71 69 3.1 4.0 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 239 160 215 229 186 258 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.8

Other services.............................. 69 65 71 49 76 54 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.3 0.9

Government................................... 117 90 97 91 102 104 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 7 7 8 7 10 10 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 110 83 89 84 93 94 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local education.............. 66 50 53 44 43 43 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 44 33 36 41 49 51 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 341 371 316 308 314 314 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

South........................................... 708 579 601 624 717 785 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4

Midwest........................................ 413 349 397 396 375 413 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

West............................................ 356 474 397 460 406 452 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total............................................... 348 306 340 353 320 346 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 291 248 281 288 256 283 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 3 1 3 1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1

Construction3

............................... 11 10 9 17 16 10 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 18 19 19 19 19 24 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Durable goods........................... 10 13 12 12 12 13 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 7 6 7 8 6 11 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 52 53 60 75 58 67 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 6 9 5 13 4 9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade............................... 39 31 43 45 37 39 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 7 13 11 17 17 19 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 5 5 11 11 6 5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2

Financial activities......................... 27 28 20 30 28 27 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 26 26 17 25 26 21 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 2 2 3 5 2 6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 75 51 62 59 58 65 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 54 46 35 38 37 34 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Educational services.................... 8 8 5 4 5 5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 47 39 30 33 33 29 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 43 29 42 26 22 35 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 9 3 2 3 5 5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 35 26 39 24 16 31 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services3............................. 5 5 20 12 10 15 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Government................................... 56 58 59 65 64 63 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 11 11 13 12 14 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local............................. 45 46 48 52 51 49 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education.............. 19 24 23 26 23 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 26 22 25 26 28 26 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 66 58 73 61 54 61 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 125 118 121 134 130 137 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 75 64 64 66 61 76 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 82 66 81 92 74 72 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 7,502 7,413 7,095 4.8 4.7 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,889 6,662 6,373 5.1 4.9 4.7

Mining and logging............................................... 34 33 32 4.3 4.2 4.0

Construction....................................................... 299 384 338 3.8 4.7 4.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 469 470 469 3.5 3.5 3.5

Durable goods.................................................. 297 321 309 3.6 3.8 3.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 171 149 161 3.5 3.0 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,712 1,424 1,408 5.8 4.9 4.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 221 179 194 3.6 2.9 3.2

Retail trade..................................................... 1,142 918 855 6.8 5.5 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 349 327 359 5.5 5.1 5.5

Information........................................................ 110 137 162 3.8 4.6 5.4

Financial activities................................................ 351 384 357 3.9 4.2 3.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 263 277 263 4.0 4.2 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 107 94 3.7 4.3 3.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,404 1,331 1,301 6.2 5.8 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 1,246 1,315 1,155 5.0 5.2 4.5

Educational services.......................................... 76 135 120 2.0 3.7 3.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,170 1,180 1,035 5.5 5.4 4.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,028 937 910 5.9 5.1 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 80 118 117 3.2 4.1 4.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 948 819 792 6.3 5.3 5.2

Other services.................................................... 238 245 240 3.9 3.9 3.9

Government.......................................................... 613 751 722 2.7 3.4 3.1

Federal............................................................. 83 121 102 2.9 4.1 3.5

State and local.................................................... 530 630 620 2.6 3.2 3.0

State and local education..................................... 212 230 229 2.0 2.4 2.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 318 400 391 3.3 4.1 4.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,317 1,404 1,239 4.6 4.8 4.3

South................................................................. 2,722 2,746 2,676 4.7 4.7 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,784 1,597 1,552 5.1 4.6 4.4

West.................................................................. 1,679 1,666 1,628 4.6 4.5 4.4

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 5,723 6,481 6,009 3.8 4.3 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,278 5,797 5,546 4.1 4.5 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 43 23 25 5.7 3.0 3.3

Construction....................................................... 353 411 406 4.7 5.3 5.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 342 363 362 2.7 2.8 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 192 202 205 2.4 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 150 161 158 3.1 3.3 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,171 1,220 1,225 4.2 4.4 4.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 137 146 158 2.3 2.4 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 792 830 795 5.1 5.3 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 242 244 272 4.0 4.0 4.4

Information........................................................ 89 95 88 3.2 3.3 3.1

Financial activities................................................ 204 243 204 2.4 2.8 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 134 153 128 2.1 2.4 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 70 90 76 3.1 3.8 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,104 1,181 1,205 5.2 5.5 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 727 848 774 3.1 3.5 3.2

Educational services.......................................... 144 171 149 3.9 4.8 3.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 583 678 625 2.9 3.3 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,040 1,185 1,099 6.3 6.8 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 144 127 135 5.9 4.6 5.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 897 1,059 964 6.4 7.2 6.7

Other services.................................................... 205 227 159 3.5 3.8 2.7

Government.......................................................... 445 683 463 2.0 3.2 2.0

Federal............................................................. 39 72 42 1.4 2.5 1.5

State and local.................................................... 406 611 421 2.1 3.3 2.1

State and local education..................................... 273 456 273 2.6 4.9 2.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 133 155 148 1.4 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 882 957 958 3.2 3.4 3.4

South................................................................. 2,292 2,590 2,328 4.2 4.7 4.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,315 1,420 1,315 4.0 4.3 3.9

West.................................................................. 1,234 1,514 1,409 3.6 4.3 4.0

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 5,900 6,822 6,172 3.9 4.5 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,514 6,293 5,765 4.3 4.8 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 36 31 23 4.7 4.0 3.0

Construction....................................................... 371 459 439 4.9 5.9 5.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 334 398 375 2.6 3.1 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 188 232 217 2.3 2.9 2.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 147 165 159 3.1 3.4 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,148 1,367 1,186 4.2 4.9 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 139 165 165 2.4 2.8 2.8

Retail trade..................................................... 825 939 804 5.3 6.0 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 183 264 217 3.0 4.4 3.5

Information........................................................ 97 106 81 3.5 3.7 2.8

Financial activities................................................ 203 287 206 2.4 3.3 2.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 138 196 127 2.2 3.1 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 91 80 2.8 3.8 3.4

Professional and business services............................ 1,084 1,201 1,199 5.1 5.5 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 626 768 652 2.6 3.2 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 95 156 92 2.6 4.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 531 612 560 2.7 3.0 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,363 1,403 1,392 8.2 8.1 8.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 275 260 254 11.2 9.5 10.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,088 1,143 1,139 7.7 7.8 7.9

Other services.................................................... 252 274 213 4.3 4.6 3.6

Government.......................................................... 386 528 407 1.7 2.4 1.8

Federal............................................................. 37 46 45 1.3 1.6 1.6

State and local.................................................... 349 483 362 1.8 2.6 1.8

State and local education..................................... 136 222 130 1.3 2.4 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 212 260 232 2.3 2.7 2.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,014 1,148 1,010 3.7 4.1 3.6

South................................................................. 2,319 2,665 2,318 4.2 4.8 4.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,293 1,466 1,387 3.9 4.4 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,273 1,542 1,458 3.7 4.4 4.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 3,615 4,478 3,697 2.4 3.0 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,435 4,215 3,504 2.7 3.2 2.7

Mining and logging............................................... 24 18 13 3.2 2.4 1.7

Construction....................................................... 182 228 204 2.4 2.9 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 208 263 225 1.6 2.0 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 115 151 131 1.4 1.9 1.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 92 113 94 1.9 2.3 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 796 947 777 2.9 3.4 2.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 92 107 91 1.6 1.8 1.5

Retail trade..................................................... 596 679 559 3.8 4.3 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 108 161 128 1.8 2.7 2.1

Information........................................................ 47 63 42 1.7 2.2 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 129 178 129 1.5 2.0 1.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 78 118 88 1.2 1.8 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 51 61 42 2.2 2.6 1.8

Professional and business services............................ 614 723 671 2.9 3.3 3.1

Education and health services.................................. 426 565 452 1.8 2.3 1.9

Educational services.......................................... 59 91 58 1.6 2.6 1.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 366 473 393 1.8 2.3 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 852 1,075 862 5.2 6.2 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 113 157 110 4.6 5.7 4.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 739 918 752 5.2 6.3 5.2

Other services.................................................... 158 153 129 2.7 2.6 2.2

Government.......................................................... 180 264 193 0.8 1.2 0.9

Federal............................................................. 19 22 19 0.7 0.8 0.7

State and local.................................................... 162 241 174 0.8 1.3 0.9

State and local education..................................... 69 133 78 0.7 1.4 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 92 108 96 1.0 1.1 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 517 686 531 1.9 2.5 1.9

South................................................................. 1,477 1,761 1,377 2.7 3.2 2.5

Midwest............................................................... 804 985 889 2.4 3.0 2.7

West.................................................................. 817 1,046 900 2.4 3.0 2.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 1,945 2,001 2,138 1.3 1.3 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,793 1,808 1,984 1.4 1.4 1.5

Mining and logging............................................... 10 9 9 1.4 1.2 1.3

Construction....................................................... 178 214 225 2.4 2.8 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 110 117 126 0.9 0.9 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 63 70 73 0.8 0.9 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 47 46 53 1.0 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 300 358 342 1.1 1.3 1.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 42 54 67 0.7 0.9 1.1

Retail trade..................................................... 190 218 206 1.2 1.4 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 68 86 70 1.1 1.4 1.1

Information........................................................ 46 38 34 1.6 1.3 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 50 72 54 0.6 0.8 0.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 38 43 22 0.6 0.7 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 12 29 32 0.5 1.2 1.4

Professional and business services............................ 397 419 463 1.9 1.9 2.1

Education and health services.................................. 146 164 166 0.6 0.7 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 28 59 29 0.8 1.7 0.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 118 106 137 0.6 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 467 306 495 2.8 1.8 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 153 98 139 6.2 3.6 5.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 314 208 356 2.2 1.4 2.5

Other services.................................................... 89 111 68 1.5 1.9 1.2

Government.......................................................... 152 193 154 0.7 0.9 0.7

Federal............................................................. 7 12 11 0.2 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 145 181 144 0.7 1.0 0.7

State and local education..................................... 52 61 35 0.5 0.6 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 93 120 109 1.0 1.3 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 427 400 410 1.6 1.4 1.5

South................................................................. 728 768 816 1.3 1.4 1.5

Midwest............................................................... 416 408 424 1.3 1.2 1.3

West.................................................................. 374 425 489 1.1 1.2 1.4

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Total..................................................................... 340 342 337 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 286 270 278 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 3 1 0.2 0.4 0.1

Construction....................................................... 11 16 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 17 17 24 0.1 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 9 11 13 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 7 6 11 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 52 62 66 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 6 4 7 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 39 41 40 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 7 17 19 0.1 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 5 6 5 0.2 0.2 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 24 37 23 0.3 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 22 34 17 0.4 0.5 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 2 2 6 0.1 0.1 0.3

Professional and business services............................ 73 58 65 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 55 39 34 0.2 0.2 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 8 6 5 0.2 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 47 33 29 0.2 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 43 22 35 0.3 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 9 5 5 0.3 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 35 16 31 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services.................................................... 5 10 15 0.1 0.2 0.3

Government.......................................................... 54 72 60 0.2 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 12 12 16 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 42 60 44 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 16 29 17 0.1 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 32 27 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 71 62 68 0.3 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 114 136 125 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 74 73 75 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 82 71 69 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.