Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-13-1102 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 7, 2013 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2013 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 175,000 in May, and the unemployment rate was 

essentially unchanged at 7.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment 

rose in professional and business services, food services and drinking places, and retail trade. 

Household Survey Data 

Both the number of unemployed persons, at 11.8 million, and the unemployment rate, at 7.6 percent, 

were essentially unchanged in May. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (7.2 percent), adult women 

(6.5 percent), teenagers (24.5 percent), whites (6.7 percent), blacks (13.5 percent), and Hispanics (9.1 

percent) showed little or no change in May. The jobless rate for Asians was 4.3 percent (not seasonally 

adjusted), little changed from a year earlier. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

In May, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was unchanged at 

4.4 million. These individuals accounted for 37.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, 

the number of long-term unemployed has declined by 1.0 million. (See table A-12.) 

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

M ay-11 Aug-11 No v-11 Feb-12 M ay-12 Aug-12 No v-12 Feb-13 M ay-13

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, May 2011 – May 2013

Percent

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

M ay-11 Aug-11 No v-11 Feb-12 M ay-12 Aug-12 No v-12 Feb-13 M ay-13

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

May 2011 – May 2013
- 2 - 

The civilian labor force rose by 420,000 to 155.7 million in May; however, the labor force 

participation rate was little changed at 63.4 percent. Over the year, the labor force participation rate 

has declined by 0.4 percentage point. The employment-population ratio was unchanged in May at 58.6 

percent and has shown little movement, on net, over the past year. (See table A-1.) 

In May, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was unchanged at 7.9 million. These individuals were working part 

time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See 

table A-8.) 

In May, 2.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down from 2.4 million a year 

earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 780,000 discouraged workers in May, little changed from a 

year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 175,000 in May, with gains in professional and 

business services, food services and drinking places, and retail trade. Over the prior 12 months, 

employment growth averaged 172,000 per month. (See table B-1.) 

Professional and business services added 57,000 jobs in May. Within this industry, employment 

continued to trend up in temporary help services (+26,000), computer systems design and related 

services (+6,000), and architectural and engineering services (+5,000). Employment in professional and 

business services has grown by 589,000 over the past year. 

Within leisure and hospitality, employment in food services and drinking places continued to expand, 

increasing by 38,000 in May and by 337,000 over the past year. 

Retail trade employment increased by 28,000 in May. The industry added an average of 20,000 jobs 

per month over the prior 12 months. In May, general merchandise stores continued to add jobs 

(+10,000). 

Health care employment continued to trend up in May (+11,000). Job gains in home health care 

services (+7,000) and outpatient care centers (+4,000) more than offset a loss in hospitals (-6,000). Over 

the prior 12 months, job growth in health care averaged 24,000 per month. 

Within government, federal government employment declined by 14,000 in May. Over the past 3 

months, federal government employment has decreased by 45,000. 
- 3 - 

Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, construction, manufacturing, 

wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, and financial activities, showed little or no change 

over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in May at 34.5 

hours. In manufacturing, the workweek increased by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and overtime was 

unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $23.89, changed 

little (+1 cent). Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 46 cents, or 2.0 percent. In May, 

average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees, at $20.08, 

changed little (+1 cent). (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised from +138,000 to +142,000, 

and the change for April was revised from +165,000 to +149,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in March and April combined were 12,000 less than previously reported. 

The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 5, 2013, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

Change from:

Apr. 2013-

May 2013

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 242,966 244,995 245,175 245,363 188

Civilian labor force............................................................ 154,998 155,028 155,238 155,658 420

Participation rate........................................................... 63.8 63.3 63.3 63.4 0.1

Employed.................................................................... 142,302 143,286 143,579 143,898 319

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.6 58.5 58.6 58.6 0.0

Unemployed................................................................. 12,695 11,742 11,659 11,760 101

Unemployment rate..................................................... 8.2 7.6 7.5 7.6 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................. 87,968 89,967 89,936 89,705 -231

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 8.2 7.6 7.5 7.6 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 7.7 6.9 7.1 7.2 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.5 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 24.4 24.2 24.1 24.5 0.4

White........................................................................... 7.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 0.0

Black or African American................................................... 13.6 13.3 13.2 13.5 0.3

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.3 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 11.0 9.2 9.0 9.1 0.1

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 6.9 6.2 6.1 6.1 0.0

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 13.0 11.1 11.6 11.1 -0.5

High school graduates, no college......................................... 8.2 7.6 7.4 7.4 0.0

Some college or associate degree......................................... 7.8 6.4 6.4 6.5 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 6,968 6,329 6,410 6,147 -263

Job leavers....................................................................... 902 986 864 944 80

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,450 3,176 3,151 3,333 182

New entrants..................................................................... 1,347 1,316 1,280 1,268 -12

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,602 2,464 2,474 2,706 232

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,007 2,838 2,848 2,669 -179

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 1,703 1,737 1,967 1,950 -17

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 5,385 4,611 4,353 4,357 4

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,116 7,638 7,916 7,904 -12

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 5,174 4,906 5,129 4,841 -288

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,693 2,576 2,527 2,721 194

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 19,356 18,745 18,908 18,934 26

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,423 2,326 2,347 2,164 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 830 803 835 780 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 142 149 175

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 154 157 178

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12 14 -15 -1

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 -4 0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -21 16 -2 7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -4 -9 -8

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 -2 -2

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 2.8 -2.7 2.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 -5 -7 -6

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 140 172 179

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 3.4 3.9 7.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 -2.8 19.9 27.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 -4.1 5.9 -3.9

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 -7 3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6 9 4

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 59 60 57

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 19.5 26.4 25.6

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 48 37 26

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 24.7 32.3 11.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 31 39 43

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -3 3 13

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -27 -12 -8 -3

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.3 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 47.8 47.9 47.9

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 23.43 $ 23.83 $ 23.88 $ 23.89

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $805.99 $824.52 $823.86 $824.21

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.2 98.3 98.2 98.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.5 111.7 111.8 112.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.8 33.7 33.8

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.70 $ 20.04 $ 20.07 $ 20.08

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $663.89 $677.35 $676.36 $678.70

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.7 105.7 105.5 106.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.4 141.4 141.4 142.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 57.0 55.6 59.8

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 50.6 45.1 45.7

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on 

employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay 

for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, 

but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be 

off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such 

as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have 

to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more than 20 percent of all employees 

in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of 

the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to 

quantify the effect of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of 

the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours. Current and historical 

data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgibin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 557,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes 

approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing 

industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unicorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the 

participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For 

example, in the household survey, the large number of 

youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure 

any other changes that have taken place relative to May, 

making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived 

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex 

components; this differs from the unemployment estimate 

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by 

combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age 

categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

90,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These 

figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these 

magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this 

interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, 

we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment 

had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported 

nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the 

values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be 

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-

percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen 

that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, 

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change 

in unemployment as measured by the household survey is 

about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the 

unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242,966 245,175 245,363 242,966 244,663 244,828 244,995 245,175 245,363

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,998 154,739 155,734 154,998 155,654 155,524 155,028 155,238 155,658

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 63.1 63.5 63.8 63.6 63.5 63.3 63.3 63.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,727 143,724 144,432 142,302 143,322 143,492 143,286 143,579 143,898

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.6 58.9 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.5 58.6 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,271 11,014 11,302 12,695 12,332 12,032 11,742 11,659 11,760

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.1 7.3 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,968 90,436 89,629 87,968 89,008 89,304 89,967 89,936 89,705

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,835 6,329 7,193 6,349 6,631 6,821 6,722 6,413 6,712

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,177 118,296 118,393 117,177 118,033 118,117 118,204 118,296 118,393

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,409 82,201 82,924 82,361 82,940 82,823 82,584 82,621 82,862

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 69.5 70.0 70.3 70.3 70.1 69.9 69.8 70.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,712 76,029 76,608 75,415 76,290 76,375 76,329 76,239 76,299

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 64.3 64.7 64.4 64.6 64.7 64.6 64.4 64.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,697 6,172 6,316 6,946 6,650 6,447 6,255 6,382 6,564

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.5 7.6 8.4 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,768 36,095 35,469 34,816 35,093 35,295 35,619 35,675 35,531

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,503 109,736 109,839 108,503 109,448 109,541 109,635 109,736 109,839

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,511 79,551 80,015 79,373 80,016 79,910 79,747 79,803 79,878

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 72.5 72.8 73.2 73.1 72.9 72.7 72.7 72.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,567 74,042 74,456 73,230 74,139 74,249 74,228 74,159 74,124

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 67.5 67.8 67.5 67.7 67.8 67.7 67.6 67.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,945 5,509 5,559 6,143 5,877 5,661 5,519 5,644 5,754

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.9 6.9 7.7 7.3 7.1 6.9 7.1 7.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,991 30,184 29,824 29,130 29,432 29,631 29,888 29,933 29,961

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,788 126,878 126,970 125,788 126,630 126,710 126,791 126,878 126,970

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,589 72,538 72,810 72,636 72,715 72,701 72,443 72,617 72,796

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 57.2 57.3 57.7 57.4 57.4 57.1 57.2 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,015 67,695 67,824 66,887 67,032 67,116 66,956 67,340 67,599

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 53.4 53.4 53.2 52.9 53.0 52.8 53.1 53.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,574 4,843 4,986 5,749 5,682 5,585 5,487 5,277 5,197

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 6.7 6.8 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,200 54,340 54,160 53,152 53,916 54,009 54,348 54,261 54,174

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,448 118,612 118,708 117,448 118,348 118,433 118,520 118,612 118,708

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,775 69,833 69,955 69,777 69,749 69,772 69,544 69,744 69,895

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 58.9 58.9 59.4 58.9 58.9 58.7 58.8 58.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,840 65,533 65,611 64,653 64,675 64,867 64,707 65,101 65,329

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 55.3 55.3 55.0 54.6 54.8 54.6 54.9 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,936 4,300 4,343 5,124 5,074 4,905 4,837 4,642 4,566

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.2 6.2 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,672 48,778 48,753 47,670 48,599 48,661 48,976 48,868 48,813

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,015 16,827 16,816 17,015 16,867 16,854 16,840 16,827 16,816

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,711 5,355 5,764 5,847 5,889 5,842 5,737 5,692 5,886

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 31.8 34.3 34.4 34.9 34.7 34.1 33.8 35.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,320 4,149 4,364 4,419 4,508 4,376 4,351 4,320 4,445

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 24.7 26.0 26.0 26.7 26.0 25.8 25.7 26.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,391 1,206 1,400 1,428 1,381 1,466 1,386 1,372 1,441

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 22.5 24.3 24.4 23.4 25.1 24.2 24.1 24.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,304 11,473 11,052 11,168 10,978 11,012 11,103 11,135 10,930

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,004 194,041 194,147 193,004 193,776 193,859 193,946 194,041 194,147

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,897 123,048 123,836 123,981 123,971 123,626 123,382 123,504 123,844

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 63.4 63.8 64.2 64.0 63.8 63.6 63.6 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,015 115,231 115,828 114,817 115,266 115,250 115,080 115,266 115,557

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.4 59.7 59.5 59.5 59.5 59.3 59.4 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,882 7,817 8,009 9,163 8,705 8,376 8,302 8,238 8,287

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 6.4 6.5 7.4 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,107 70,993 70,311 69,023 69,805 70,233 70,565 70,537 70,303

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,680 64,441 64,785 64,581 64,924 64,720 64,549 64,674 64,680

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.8 73.0 73.3 73.7 73.7 73.4 73.1 73.2 73.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,349 60,450 60,816 60,074 60,652 60,659 60,594 60,540 60,545

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 68.5 68.8 68.5 68.8 68.8 68.7 68.6 68.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,331 3,992 3,969 4,507 4,272 4,061 3,955 4,135 4,135

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.2 6.1 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,620 54,300 54,411 54,720 54,318 54,224 54,255 54,221 54,447

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 58.3 58.3 59.1 58.4 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,087 51,374 51,390 51,078 50,869 50,946 50,940 51,123 51,311

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.1 55.1 55.1 54.7 54.7 54.7 54.8 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,533 2,926 3,021 3,642 3,450 3,278 3,315 3,098 3,136

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.4 5.6 6.7 6.4 6.0 6.1 5.7 5.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,597 4,307 4,641 4,680 4,729 4,682 4,578 4,608 4,717

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 34.4 37.1 36.9 37.7 37.3 36.5 36.8 37.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,579 3,408 3,622 3,665 3,746 3,645 3,546 3,603 3,700

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 27.2 28.9 28.9 29.8 29.1 28.3 28.8 29.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,018 899 1,019 1,015 983 1,037 1,032 1,005 1,017

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 20.9 21.9 21.7 20.8 22.1 22.5 21.8 21.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,854 30,290 30,322 29,854 30,190 30,223 30,255 30,290 30,322

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,275 18,532 18,690 18,301 18,641 18,639 18,524 18,617 18,723

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 61.2 61.6 61.3 61.7 61.7 61.2 61.5 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,837 16,240 16,226 15,808 16,073 16,059 16,068 16,167 16,202

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 53.6 53.5 53.0 53.2 53.1 53.1 53.4 53.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,438 2,292 2,464 2,493 2,568 2,580 2,456 2,450 2,521

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 12.4 13.2 13.6 13.8 13.8 13.3 13.2 13.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,579 11,758 11,632 11,553 11,549 11,583 11,731 11,673 11,599

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,270 8,326 8,432 8,275 8,382 8,437 8,447 8,377 8,441

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 67.0 67.8 68.1 67.8 68.2 68.1 67.4 67.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,082 7,287 7,274 7,093 7,262 7,352 7,370 7,319 7,301

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.7 58.5 58.3 58.8 59.4 59.4 58.9 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,188 1,039 1,157 1,183 1,120 1,085 1,077 1,058 1,140

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 12.5 13.7 14.3 13.4 12.9 12.7 12.6 13.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,327 9,543 9,530 9,350 9,545 9,491 9,365 9,529 9,562

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.4 62.3 62.2 62.7 62.2 61.3 62.3 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,317 8,531 8,531 8,286 8,367 8,302 8,226 8,425 8,487

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.8 55.7 55.1 54.9 54.4 53.9 55.1 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,011 1,012 999 1,064 1,178 1,189 1,139 1,105 1,074

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 10.6 10.5 11.4 12.3 12.5 12.2 11.6 11.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 663 728 676 714 711 713 711 720

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 25.7 28.3 25.5 27.5 27.4 27.6 27.5 28.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 422 420 430 444 404 472 423 413

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 16.3 16.3 16.2 17.1 15.6 18.2 16.4 16.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 241 308 246 270 307 241 287 307

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 36.4 42.3 36.4 37.8 43.1 33.8 40.5 42.6

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,749 13,244 13,343 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,080 8,456 8,491 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 63.9 63.6 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,656 8,025 8,127 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.6 60.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 431 365 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.1 4.3 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,669 4,788 4,851 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 36,626 37,320 37,395 36,626 37,094 37,169 37,242 37,320 37,395

Civilian labor force................................. 24,534 24,475 24,872 24,568 24,572 24,563 24,354 24,512 24,848

Participation rate................................. 67.0 65.6 66.5 67.1 66.2 66.1 65.4 65.7 66.4

Employed......................................... 21,984 22,412 22,743 21,856 22,199 22,215 22,122 22,310 22,583

Employment-population ratio................ 60.0 60.1 60.8 59.7 59.8 59.8 59.4 59.8 60.4

Unemployed...................................... 2,550 2,063 2,129 2,712 2,373 2,348 2,232 2,202 2,265

Unemployment rate........................... 10.4 8.4 8.6 11.0 9.7 9.6 9.2 9.0 9.1

Not in labor force................................... 12,092 12,845 12,523 12,058 12,522 12,606 12,888 12,808 12,547

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 13,486 13,640 13,731 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 81.8 81.1 81.4 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 12,195 12,602 12,737 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 74.0 74.9 75.5 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,291 1,037 995 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 9.6 7.6 7.2 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 9,904 9,796 10,017 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 60.1 58.2 59.3 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 8,993 9,062 9,203 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 54.5 53.8 54.5 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 911 734 815 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 9.2 7.5 8.1 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 1,144 1,039 1,124 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 31.3 28.5 30.8 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 796 748 804 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 21.8 20.5 22.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 348 291 320 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 30.4 28.0 28.5 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 11,670 11,072 11,483 11,452 11,125 11,256 11,264 10,999 11,237

Participation rate.................................... 45.8 45.1 45.9 44.9 45.5 47.2 46.0 44.8 45.0

Employed............................................ 10,242 9,810 10,295 9,966 9,784 9,999 10,012 9,725 9,993

Employment-population ratio................... 40.2 39.9 41.2 39.1 40.0 41.9 40.9 39.6 40.0

Unemployed......................................... 1,428 1,262 1,188 1,486 1,341 1,257 1,252 1,274 1,243

Unemployment rate.............................. 12.2 11.4 10.3 13.0 12.0 11.2 11.1 11.6 11.1

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,119 36,224 36,488 36,900 36,557 36,143 36,121 36,200 36,236

Participation rate.................................... 59.8 58.7 59.3 59.5 58.7 58.1 58.6 58.7 58.9

Employed............................................ 34,239 33,614 33,963 33,883 33,585 33,289 33,359 33,510 33,572

Employment-population ratio................... 55.2 54.5 55.2 54.6 54.0 53.6 54.1 54.3 54.6

Unemployed......................................... 2,880 2,610 2,525 3,017 2,972 2,854 2,762 2,689 2,664

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.8 7.2 6.9 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,899 37,058 37,189 37,178 37,201 37,291 37,232 37,371 37,470

Participation rate.................................... 68.5 67.8 68.0 69.0 68.3 68.0 68.1 68.4 68.5

Employed............................................ 34,157 34,820 34,848 34,280 34,587 34,776 34,845 34,992 35,036

Employment-population ratio................... 63.4 63.7 63.7 63.7 63.5 63.5 63.8 64.1 64.0

Unemployed......................................... 2,741 2,238 2,341 2,898 2,614 2,515 2,387 2,379 2,435

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.4 6.0 6.3 7.8 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.5

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 48,191 49,663 49,392 48,291 48,991 49,436 49,236 49,492 49,473

Participation rate.................................... 76.7 75.9 75.6 76.9 75.8 75.9 75.3 75.6 75.8

Employed............................................ 46,408 47,888 47,623 46,411 47,172 47,555 47,371 47,563 47,581

Employment-population ratio................... 73.9 73.2 72.9 73.9 72.9 73.0 72.5 72.7 72.9

Unemployed......................................... 1,783 1,775 1,770 1,879 1,819 1,881 1,865 1,929 1,892

Unemployment rate.............................. 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,224 21,439 19,412 19,217 1,812 2,222

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,228 11,203 10,077 9,768 1,152 1,435

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 52.3 51.9 50.8 63.6 64.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,348 10,459 9,263 9,110 1,085 1,349

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 48.8 47.7 47.4 59.9 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 744 814 658 67 86

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 6.6 8.1 6.7 5.8 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,996 10,236 9,335 9,449 660 787

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,620 2,694 2,178 2,228 442 466

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,074 2,224 1,781 1,893 293 331

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.2 82.5 81.8 84.9 66.2 71.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,812 2,061 1,556 1,746 256 315

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 76.5 71.4 78.4 57.8 67.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 163 226 147 37 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 7.3 12.7 7.8 12.7 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 470 397 335 149 135

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,032 3,470 2,545 2,742 487 728

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,571 2,879 2,185 2,309 386 570

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 83.0 85.8 84.2 79.2 78.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,410 2,729 2,039 2,193 370 536

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 78.6 80.1 80.0 76.0 73.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 150 145 116 16 34

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 5.2 6.6 5.0 4.1 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 591 360 434 101 157

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,936 9,871 9,615 9,497 321 373

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,369 3,077 3,250 2,979 118 97

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 31.2 33.8 31.4 36.9 26.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,135 2,860 3,023 2,769 112 91

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 29.0 31.4 29.2 35.0 24.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 217 228 211 6 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.1 5.2 6.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,567 6,794 6,365 6,518 202 276

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,636 5,404 5,074 4,749 562 655

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,215 3,023 2,860 2,587 354 436

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 55.9 56.4 54.5 63.1 66.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,992 2,809 2,645 2,402 347 407

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.1 52.0 52.1 50.6 61.8 62.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 214 215 185 7 29

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 7.1 7.5 7.1 2.1 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,421 2,381 2,214 2,162 207 219

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212,936 215,051 93,271 94,694 119,665 120,357

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,926 142,557 71,452 72,196 70,474 70,362

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 66.3 76.6 76.2 58.9 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,032 132,557 65,822 66,844 65,211 65,713

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.6 70.6 70.6 54.5 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,894 10,000 5,631 5,351 5,263 4,649

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.0 7.9 7.4 7.5 6.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,010 72,494 21,819 22,498 49,191 49,995

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2013, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from the updated

Department of Veterans Affairs’ population model.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 28,059 28,552 214,907 216,811

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,821 5,903 149,177 149,831

Participation rate...................................................................... 20.7 20.7 69.4 69.1

Employed.............................................................................. 5,068 5,099 137,658 139,333

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 18.1 17.9 64.1 64.3

Unemployed........................................................................... 752 805 11,519 10,497

Unemployment rate................................................................ 12.9 13.6 7.7 7.0

Not in labor force........................................................................ 22,238 22,649 65,730 66,980

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,586 2,577 75,401 75,739

Participation rate...................................................................... 34.9 34.7 82.4 82.4

Employed.............................................................................. 2,225 2,216 69,344 70,039

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 30.0 29.8 75.8 76.2

Unemployed........................................................................... 362 360 6,056 5,701

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.0 14.0 8.0 7.5

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,819 4,853 16,078 16,158

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,282 2,342 66,922 66,780

Participation rate...................................................................... 29.1 29.6 70.7 70.3

Employed.............................................................................. 1,964 1,949 61,894 62,330

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 25.0 24.7 65.4 65.7

Unemployed........................................................................... 318 393 5,028 4,450

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.9 16.8 7.5 6.7

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,564 5,560 27,712 28,161

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 953 984 6,854 7,311

Participation rate...................................................................... 7.4 7.4 23.8 24.4

Employed.............................................................................. 880 933 6,420 6,965

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.9 7.1 22.3 23.2

Unemployed........................................................................... 73 51 435 346

Unemployment rate................................................................ 7.6 5.2 6.3 4.7

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,855 12,236 21,939 22,661

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 37,504 37,503 18,291 18,233 19,213 19,270

Civilian labor force................................................... 24,878 24,958 14,405 14,386 10,473 10,572

Participation rate................................................... 66.3 66.5 78.8 78.9 54.5 54.9

Employed........................................................... 23,038 23,384 13,409 13,568 9,629 9,816

Employment-population ratio.................................. 61.4 62.4 73.3 74.4 50.1 50.9

Unemployed........................................................ 1,840 1,574 996 818 844 756

Unemployment rate............................................. 7.4 6.3 6.9 5.7 8.1 7.2

Not in labor force..................................................... 12,625 12,545 3,886 3,847 8,740 8,698

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 205,462 207,860 98,887 100,160 106,575 107,700

Civilian labor force................................................... 130,120 130,776 68,004 68,538 62,115 62,238

Participation rate................................................... 63.3 62.9 68.8 68.4 58.3 57.8

Employed........................................................... 119,689 121,048 62,303 63,040 57,386 58,008

Employment-population ratio.................................. 58.3 58.2 63.0 62.9 53.8 53.9

Unemployed........................................................ 10,431 9,728 5,701 5,498 4,729 4,230

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.0 7.4 8.4 8.0 7.6 6.8

Not in labor force..................................................... 75,342 77,084 30,882 31,622 44,460 45,462

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,371 1,951 2,168 2,274 2,057 2,065 2,001 2,017 2,059

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 1,482 1,144 1,322 1,421 1,245 1,258 1,250 1,227 1,263

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 843 783 831 809 775 792 710 772 793

Unpaid family workers............................. 46 23 15 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 140,356 141,774 142,263 140,033 141,255 141,415 141,317 141,592 141,890

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 131,493 133,065 133,483 131,321 132,445 132,694 132,761 132,847 133,201

Government...................................... 20,322 20,635 20,537 20,079 20,696 20,571 20,633 20,269 20,361

Private industries................................ 111,172 112,429 112,947 111,288 111,746 112,141 112,147 112,558 112,865

Private households............................ 834 617 663 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 110,337 111,813 112,284 110,486 110,873 111,411 111,462 111,932 112,274

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,784 8,632 8,715 8,640 8,746 8,686 8,407 8,651 8,597

Unpaid family workers............................. 78 77 65 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 7,837 7,709 7,618 8,116 7,973 7,988 7,638 7,916 7,904

Slack work or business conditions............... 4,961 4,920 4,604 5,174 5,126 5,136 4,906 5,129 4,841

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,620 2,530 2,727 2,693 2,630 2,578 2,576 2,527 2,721

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,694 19,829 19,315 19,356 18,464 18,908 18,745 18,908 18,934

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 7,736 7,590 7,523 7,991 7,867 7,865 7,544 7,793 7,797

Slack work or business conditions............... 4,901 4,845 4,544 5,106 5,047 5,045 4,832 5,058 4,778

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,588 2,513 2,714 2,646 2,610 2,542 2,510 2,454 2,686

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,319 19,494 18,993 18,893 18,182 18,549 18,435 18,542 18,511

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,727 143,724 144,432 142,302 143,322 143,492 143,286 143,579 143,898

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,320 4,149 4,364 4,419 4,508 4,376 4,351 4,320 4,445

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,347 1,361 1,415 1,431 1,453 1,520 1,482 1,490 1,505

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,974 2,787 2,949 2,976 3,048 2,866 2,868 2,834 2,937

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,407 139,576 140,067 137,883 138,814 139,116 138,935 139,260 139,453

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,360 13,444 13,339 13,416 13,471 13,527 13,382 13,569 13,412

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,046 126,132 126,728 124,510 125,311 125,604 125,615 125,678 126,057

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,520 94,591 94,963 94,227 94,147 94,387 94,409 94,393 94,569

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,748 31,185 31,402 30,692 31,137 31,152 31,180 31,133 31,292

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,656 30,749 30,834 30,540 30,480 30,521 30,620 30,637 30,691

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,116 32,658 32,726 32,996 32,531 32,714 32,610 32,623 32,586

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,527 31,540 31,765 30,283 31,164 31,217 31,206 31,285 31,488

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,712 76,029 76,608 75,415 76,290 76,375 76,329 76,239 76,299

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,145 1,987 2,152 2,185 2,151 2,126 2,101 2,080 2,175

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 607 654 659 673 713 645 653 686

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,518 1,380 1,498 1,517 1,472 1,408 1,444 1,426 1,485

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,567 74,042 74,456 73,230 74,139 74,249 74,228 74,159 74,124

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,909 6,877 6,900 6,894 7,070 7,073 7,006 6,990 6,917

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,658 67,166 67,557 66,335 67,002 67,149 67,205 67,095 67,192

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,525 50,543 50,867 50,316 50,474 50,603 50,669 50,565 50,613

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,648 16,837 16,997 16,643 16,889 16,940 16,980 16,887 16,961

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,500 16,666 16,732 16,441 16,519 16,597 16,655 16,673 16,660

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,377 17,040 17,138 17,233 17,066 17,066 17,034 17,005 16,992

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,133 16,623 16,689 16,019 16,528 16,546 16,536 16,530 16,578

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,015 67,695 67,824 66,887 67,032 67,116 66,956 67,340 67,599

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175 2,162 2,213 2,234 2,357 2,250 2,250 2,239 2,271

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 755 762 771 780 807 837 837 819

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,456 1,408 1,451 1,459 1,576 1,458 1,424 1,408 1,452

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,840 65,533 65,611 64,653 64,675 64,867 64,707 65,101 65,329

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,451 6,567 6,440 6,521 6,402 6,455 6,376 6,578 6,495

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,389 58,966 59,171 58,174 58,309 58,455 58,411 58,583 58,866

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,995 44,048 44,096 43,911 43,674 43,784 43,740 43,828 43,955

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,101 14,348 14,405 14,049 14,248 14,212 14,200 14,246 14,330

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,156 14,083 14,102 14,099 13,961 13,925 13,965 13,964 14,030

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,738 15,618 15,588 15,763 15,465 15,648 15,575 15,619 15,595

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,394 14,918 15,076 14,264 14,636 14,671 14,670 14,755 14,910

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,903 43,905 44,284 43,815 44,117 43,934 44,007 44,024 44,176

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,673 34,442 34,804 34,626 34,271 34,400 34,319 34,346 34,716

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,516 9,465 9,557 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,634 115,674 116,643 114,300 115,918 115,841 115,903 116,053 116,238

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,092 28,050 27,789 28,057 27,467 27,569 27,442 27,549 27,699

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,174 7,029 7,123 6,941 6,919 7,259 7,102 6,983 6,918

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,419 5,342 5,305 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,627 9,415 9,546 9,450 9,521 9,478 9,117 9,423 9,390

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 12,695 11,659 11,760 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,428 1,372 1,441 24.4 23.4 25.1 24.2 24.1 24.5

16 to 17 years.................................... 511 559 570 26.3 28.4 27.6 27.1 27.3 27.5

18 to 19 years.................................... 907 827 847 23.3 20.8 23.0 22.1 22.6 22.4

20 years and over.................................. 11,267 10,287 10,320 7.6 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.9

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,003 2,053 2,048 13.0 14.2 13.1 13.3 13.1 13.2

25 years and over............................... 9,281 8,204 8,232 6.9 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1

25 to 54 years................................. 7,199 6,429 6,503 7.1 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4

25 to 34 years.............................. 2,743 2,497 2,425 8.2 7.7 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.2

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,221 1,897 2,026 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.2

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,236 2,036 2,053 6.3 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.9

55 years and over............................. 2,093 1,825 1,760 6.5 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.3

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 6,946 6,382 6,564 8.4 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.9

16 to 19 years...................................... 803 738 810 26.9 26.4 27.0 25.9 26.2 27.1

16 to 17 years.................................... 268 297 318 28.9 31.3 31.1 30.7 31.2 31.6

18 to 19 years.................................... 524 447 469 25.7 23.7 24.3 23.4 23.9 24.0

20 years and over.................................. 6,143 5,644 5,754 7.7 7.3 7.1 6.9 7.1 7.2

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,143 1,135 1,183 14.2 15.3 13.4 14.4 14.0 14.6

25 years and over............................... 5,007 4,518 4,543 7.0 6.5 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3

25 to 54 years................................. 3,813 3,521 3,524 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.5 6.5

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,443 1,383 1,331 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.1 7.6 7.3

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,160 1,006 1,074 6.6 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.7 6.1

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,210 1,132 1,118 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.6 6.2 6.2

55 years and over............................. 1,194 998 1,019 6.9 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.8

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 5,749 5,277 5,197 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.1

16 to 19 years...................................... 625 635 631 21.9 20.5 23.2 22.4 22.1 21.7

16 to 17 years.................................... 244 262 253 24.0 25.7 24.3 24.0 23.8 23.6

18 to 19 years.................................... 382 379 377 20.8 17.9 21.7 20.7 21.2 20.6

20 years and over.................................. 5,124 4,642 4,566 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.5

20 to 24 years.................................... 861 918 865 11.7 13.1 12.7 12.0 12.3 11.8

25 years and over............................... 4,274 3,686 3,690 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 5.9 5.9

25 to 54 years................................. 3,386 2,909 2,980 7.2 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.2 6.3

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,300 1,114 1,094 8.5 7.7 7.9 7.7 7.3 7.1

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,060 890 952 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.0 6.4

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,026 904 934 6.1 6.0 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.7

55 years and over1

........................... 847 756 685 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 2,433 2,017 2,018 5.3 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.4

Married women, spouse present.................... 1,799 1,582 1,597 4.9 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.4

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,168 1,086 1,044 10.9 11.3 11.0 10.7 10.3 9.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 10,840 9,892 9,941 8.7 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.9

Part-time workers3................................... 1,825 1,760 1,752 6.1 6.2 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.9

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 6,607 6,079 5,751 6,968 6,637 6,522 6,329 6,410 6,147

On temporary layoff................................ 909 1,080 768 1,128 1,155 1,078 1,107 1,170 997

Not on temporary layoff............................ 5,699 4,998 4,983 5,840 5,483 5,443 5,223 5,240 5,151

Permanent job losers............................ 4,458 3,840 3,728 4,514 4,208 4,128 3,959 3,976 3,822

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,240 1,158 1,255 1,326 1,275 1,315 1,264 1,264 1,329

Job leavers............................................. 849 836 882 902 981 956 986 864 944

Reentrants............................................. 3,513 2,966 3,459 3,450 3,515 3,340 3,176 3,151 3,333

New entrants.......................................... 1,302 1,133 1,210 1,347 1,287 1,279 1,316 1,280 1,268

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 53.8 55.2 50.9 55.0 53.4 53.9 53.6 54.8 52.6

On temporary layoff................................ 7.4 9.8 6.8 8.9 9.3 8.9 9.4 10.0 8.5

Not on temporary layoff............................ 46.4 45.4 44.1 46.1 44.1 45.0 44.2 44.8 44.1

Job leavers............................................. 6.9 7.6 7.8 7.1 7.9 7.9 8.4 7.4 8.1

Reentrants............................................. 28.6 26.9 30.6 27.2 28.3 27.6 26.9 26.9 28.5

New entrants.......................................... 10.6 10.3 10.7 10.6 10.4 10.6 11.1 10.9 10.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 4.3 3.9 3.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9

Job leavers............................................. 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

New entrants.......................................... 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,572 2,045 2,710 2,602 2,766 2,667 2,464 2,474 2,706

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 2,442 2,375 2,141 3,007 3,028 2,782 2,838 2,848 2,669

15 weeks and over.................................... 7,257 6,594 6,451 7,088 6,566 6,493 6,348 6,320 6,306

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 1,852 2,106 2,084 1,703 1,858 1,695 1,737 1,967 1,950

27 weeks and over................................. 5,405 4,488 4,366 5,385 4,708 4,797 4,611 4,353 4,357

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 41.4 39.0 38.6 39.6 35.3 36.9 37.1 36.5 36.9

Median duration, in weeks........................... 22.0 20.0 18.8 20.1 16.0 17.8 18.1 17.5 17.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 21.0 18.6 24.0 20.5 22.4 22.3 21.1 21.3 23.2

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 19.9 21.6 18.9 23.7 24.5 23.3 24.4 24.5 22.8

15 weeks and over.................................... 59.1 59.9 57.1 55.8 53.1 54.4 54.5 54.3 54.0

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 15.1 19.1 18.4 13.4 15.0 14.2 14.9 16.9 16.7

27 weeks and over................................. 44.0 40.8 38.6 42.4 38.1 40.2 39.6 37.4 37.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 142,727 144,432 12,271 11,302 7.9 7.3

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 54,156 54,740 2,275 1,990 4.0 3.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 22,691 22,657 966 888 4.1 3.8

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,465 32,083 1,309 1,102 4.0 3.3

Service occupations.................................................. 25,870 26,220 2,482 2,526 8.8 8.8

Sales and office occupations....................................... 32,684 33,231 2,782 2,474 7.8 6.9

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,179 15,320 1,308 1,174 7.9 7.1

Office and administrative support occupations................. 17,504 17,911 1,474 1,300 7.8 6.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 12,908 13,193 1,609 1,327 11.1 9.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 1,114 1,020 133 64 10.7 5.9

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 6,971 7,128 1,153 942 14.2 11.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,823 5,045 323 321 6.3 6.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 17,109 17,048 1,784 1,744 9.4 9.3

Production occupations........................................... 8,433 8,183 814 864 8.8 9.6

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,676 8,864 970 880 10.1 9.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 12,271 11,302 7.9 7.3

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 9,419 8,655 7.8 7.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 47 66 4.5 5.9

Construction........................................................................... 1,150 891 14.2 10.8

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,099 1,056 7.1 6.8

Durable goods...................................................................... 683 640 7.2 6.7

Nondurable goods................................................................. 416 416 7.1 7.0

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,654 1,466 8.1 7.3

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 480 371 7.8 6.0

Information............................................................................ 230 187 7.8 6.4

Financial activities.................................................................... 462 417 5.1 4.4

Professional and business services................................................ 1,296 1,255 8.5 8.0

Education and health services...................................................... 1,172 1,058 5.3 4.8

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,326 1,455 9.7 10.4

Other services........................................................................ 501 433 7.8 6.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 148 92 9.5 6.8

Government workers.................................................................... 899 811 4.2 3.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 503 534 4.9 5.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Apr.

2013

May

2013

May

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

May

2013

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 4.3 3.9 3.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 7.9 7.1 7.3 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 8.4 7.6 7.7 8.7 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.0 8.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 9.3 8.5 8.5 9.6 9.3 9.2 8.9 8.9 8.8

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 14.3 13.4 13.4 14.8 14.4 14.3 13.8 13.9 13.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

May

2012

May

2013

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 87,968 89,629 34,768 35,469 53,200 54,160

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 6,835 7,193 3,214 3,313 3,622 3,880

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,423 2,164 1,239 1,081 1,183 1,083

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 830 780 469 424 360 356

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,593 1,384 770 657 823 727

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,174 7,123 3,605 3,570 3,569 3,553

Percent of total employed........................................... 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.3 5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,655 3,704 2,111 2,082 1,544 1,622

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,979 1,954 639 689 1,340 1,265

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 250 191 170 117 80 74

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,245 1,237 656 671 589 566

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Change

from:

Apr.2013 -

May2013p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,213 134,570 135,482 136,367 133,522 135,313 135,462 135,637 175

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,915 112,304 113,221 114,128 111,616 113,454 113,611 113,789 178

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,410 18,256 18,425 18,669 18,396 18,652 18,637 18,636 -1

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 857 856 867 855 869 865 865 0

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 47.7 47.4 49.4 50.9 50.4 51.0 51.0 0.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.6 808.8 808.4 817.1 803.9 818.1 814.2 814.2 0.0

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.9 191.0 192.1 193.5 185.7 192.4 193.1 193.8 0.7

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227.1 220.1 220.5 225.1 223.6 226.1 222.8 220.7 -2.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.8 85.8 84.1 84.9 88.1 85.4 84.1 84.0 -0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.6 397.7 395.8 398.5 394.6 399.6 398.3 399.7 1.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,648 5,487 5,655 5,848 5,615 5,799 5,797 5,804 7

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,228.3 1,212.2 1,236.4 1,264.4 1,234.3 1,263.7 1,269.4 1,267.7 -1.7

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569.6 551.7 571.9 590.2 572.5 580.1 589.7 590.6 0.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658.7 660.5 664.5 674.2 661.8 683.6 679.7 677.1 -2.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 880.2 809.8 857.6 915.1 860.8 889.6 886.3 889.4 3.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,539.6 3,464.7 3,560.8 3,668.3 3,519.4 3,646.0 3,641.5 3,647.3 5.8

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,482.2 1,451.5 1,503.0 1,557.8 1,468.3 1,536.6 1,540.0 1,544.6 4.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 2,057.4 2,013.2 2,057.8 2,110.5 2,051.1 2,109.4 2,101.5 2,102.7 1.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,907 11,912 11,914 11,954 11,926 11,984 11,975 11,967 -8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,468 7,486 7,491 7,510 7,467 7,512 7,510 7,508 -2

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.1 340.4 341.6 346.2 336.2 346.3 344.6 345.9 1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.1 358.5 363.6 371.4 363.7 367.7 366.7 367.4 0.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.4 397.4 396.9 394.7 404.1 398.2 396.2 394.0 -2.2

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,410.7 1,425.1 1,429.2 1,434.6 1,411.9 1,431.4 1,433.7 1,434.0 0.3

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100.4 1,104.3 1,105.0 1,104.1 1,101.5 1,104.0 1,106.4 1,103.3 -3.1

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,096.8 1,082.3 1,080.2 1,082.5 1,098.8 1,084.3 1,083.6 1,084.5 0.9

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 158.2 159.4 160.2 161.2 158.7 160.0 160.8 161.9 1.1

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.3 107.8 107.2 107.3 109.7 108.0 107.7 107.4 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.9 379.4 378.4 378.7 386.0 379.8 379.2 379.2 0.0

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.1 396.5 395.4 395.9 403.1 396.9 396.5 396.5 0.0

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 370.7 363.6 363.9 364.3 371.1 365.9 365.9 366.1 0.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,449.6 1,489.8 1,484.8 1,483.5 1,449.5 1,484.2 1,483.9 1,484.0 0.1

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771.4 802.9 796.5 798.2 770.3 796.9 794.2 796.6 2.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.1 350.7 351.0 352.5 350.6 352.4 351.8 350.9 -0.9

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578.3 573.9 574.9 576.4 580.0 577.5 577.6 577.5 -0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,439 4,426 4,423 4,444 4,459 4,472 4,465 4,459 -6

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,449.8 1,445.0 1,445.2 1,453.7 1,468.9 1,474.5 1,474.9 1,472.1 -2.8

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.7 114.4 114.3 114.3 118.0 114.6 114.3 113.8 -0.5

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 115.2 114.0 114.4 116.9 115.8 114.5 114.2 -0.3

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.4 145.7 142.7 143.8 149.6 145.8 143.2 143.3 0.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.2 375.3 374.9 375.6 380.3 377.3 376.9 376.6 -0.3

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 465.6 454.5 451.5 450.0 465.4 456.0 452.7 449.5 -3.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.7 112.8 113.8 115.0 112.7 115.4 114.4 113.6 -0.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779.9 793.3 793.8 796.4 782.4 793.8 794.8 795.7 0.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643.6 654.2 654.4 656.7 643.4 655.9 656.2 656.3 0.1

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.5 215.3 218.8 224.5 221.5 222.4 223.4 224.2 0.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,505 94,048 94,796 95,459 93,220 94,802 94,974 95,153 179

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,423 25,497 25,619 25,828 25,463 25,804 25,835 25,868 33

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,678.8 5,704.7 5,722.2 5,761.5 5,666.7 5,737.1 5,741.0 5,748.9 7.9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,829.7 2,843.2 2,846.7 2,861.5 2,828.4 2,855.9 2,857.4 2,860.1 2.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,980.3 1,980.1 1,990.5 2,010.1 1,969.9 1,996.0 1,996.4 1,999.2 2.8

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 868.8 881.4 885.0 889.9 868.4 885.2 887.2 889.6 2.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,787.3 14,815.7 14,909.6 15,036.6 14,838.9 15,049.5 15,069.4 15,097.1 27.7

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,735.0 1,748.4 1,761.9 1,774.0 1,727.3 1,760.8 1,760.8 1,762.1 1.3

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,089.4 1,106.4 1,113.4 1,117.5 1,088.2 1,110.9 1,113.6 1,113.9 0.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 433.3 443.8 445.6 444.9 440.5 450.7 452.7 453.5 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Change

from:

Apr.2013 -

May2013p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.7 498.8 496.2 496.6 511.1 504.2 503.2 504.8 1.6

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,242.3 1,167.5 1,225.9 1,262.3 1,170.5 1,177.0 1,181.0 1,183.8 2.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,853.6 2,864.0 2,873.3 2,905.4 2,852.9 2,895.5 2,899.7 2,904.3 4.6

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 992.5 1,019.5 1,025.0 1,024.8 994.4 1,026.2 1,031.7 1,029.9 -1.8

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.6 837.7 844.7 857.1 841.1 850.6 851.0 855.8 4.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,344.2 1,391.3 1,378.7 1,385.4 1,389.2 1,443.4 1,431.0 1,436.8 5.8

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570.8 561.7 560.3 560.3 585.4 578.7 577.8 575.1 -2.7

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,039.9 3,061.3 3,069.5 3,078.8 3,087.6 3,108.3 3,123.1 3,132.8 9.7

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466.5 1,451.0 1,455.8 1,454.3 1,507.0 1,486.1 1,493.9 1,497.1 3.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799.4 785.2 795.9 812.9 796.5 807.8 811.0 812.5 1.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.0 436.5 432.6 434.1 442.4 446.3 446.4 445.7 -0.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,402.4 4,422.7 4,431.9 4,471.3 4,402.7 4,462.2 4,468.1 4,464.2 -3.9

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.0 444.4 446.2 448.3 460.0 446.4 447.3 447.3 0.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.1 230.5 231.5 231.7 231.2 230.9 230.9 230.6 -0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 61.5 61.9 62.6 62.2 62.9 63.0 62.4 -0.6

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,342.1 1,348.2 1,368.3 1,385.0 1,345.9 1,374.0 1,386.5 1,385.8 -0.7

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.3 483.8 484.1 488.2 446.7 470.5 470.1 470.4 0.3

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.6 44.5 44.3 45.1 43.8 44.7 44.7 45.2 0.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 28.7 21.4 23.6 28.9 26.9 27.0 26.3 26.7 0.4

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 577.8 584.2 583.4 583.9 578.3 586.4 583.4 582.2 -1.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.2 522.0 510.3 518.3 528.7 532.3 530.3 530.4 0.1

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673.3 682.2 678.3 679.3 679.0 687.1 685.6 683.2 -2.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.7 553.9 555.5 558.1 554.2 555.6 556.5 557.3 0.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,690 2,699 2,689 2,706 2,681 2,701 2,694 2,697 3

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 734.7 727.5 727.9 725.9 738.9 730.1 730.2 729.6 -0.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.4 401.5 388.4 407.1 376.1 400.2 391.6 394.0 2.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.7 286.0 286.8 284.8 288.0 285.8 286.0 285.1 -0.9

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853.3 856.0 855.2 855.0 856.0 855.1 856.1 857.1 1.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.3 250.6 252.0 252.8 250.1 250.3 250.5 250.1 -0.4

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.6 177.6 178.6 180.2 171.9 179.3 180.0 181.3 1.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,773 7,823 7,843 7,874 7,782 7,859 7,868 7,872 4

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,814.0 5,876.4 5,879.0 5,881.8 5,825.4 5,880.1 5,889.9 5,889.3 -0.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 16.9 16.5 16.6 16.7 17.0 16.7 16.7 16.7 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,562.6 2,601.9 2,606.7 2,604.5 2,570.0 2,602.9 2,611.1 2,608.2 -2.9

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,734.8 1,735.2 1,734.0 1,731.2 1,737.6 1,737.0 1,737.2 1,734.1 -3.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,317.1 1,308.8 1,306.2 1,301.9 1,318.8 1,309.4 1,308.4 1,305.0 -3.4

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809.9 826.0 826.4 825.7 813.3 826.4 828.5 829.9 1.4

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,337.5 2,345.7 2,342.7 2,348.5 2,337.9 2,347.6 2,346.8 2,348.0 1.2

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 87.1 86.3 86.6 86.4 87.2 86.5 86.8 86.5 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958.5 1,946.7 1,964.2 1,992.5 1,956.1 1,978.9 1,978.1 1,982.7 4.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,418.2 1,416.7 1,426.7 1,442.3 1,416.9 1,437.0 1,433.4 1,437.5 4.1

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516.1 506.7 514.8 527.3 514.9 518.4 521.8 522.1 0.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 24.2 23.3 22.7 22.9 24.3 23.5 22.9 23.1 0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,872 18,169 18,386 18,481 17,878 18,350 18,410 18,467 57

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,801.4 8,127.7 8,155.6 8,052.3 7,867.4 8,063.1 8,085.5 8,103.7 18.2

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118.0 1,123.1 1,125.9 1,127.6 1,121.5 1,128.2 1,129.8 1,129.3 -0.5

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 863.9 1,053.8 1,040.0 898.1 913.6 935.0 937.0 940.1 3.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,321.6 1,325.8 1,334.3 1,348.8 1,323.5 1,343.5 1,346.0 1,350.9 4.9

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,604.2 1,667.3 1,677.2 1,685.6 1,609.7 1,676.1 1,680.8 1,686.8 6.0

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108.1 1,160.3 1,168.3 1,176.0 1,112.8 1,169.6 1,172.9 1,176.1 3.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 2,000.6 2,024.3 2,024.4 2,034.2 2,004.4 2,030.7 2,034.1 2,037.2 3.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,070.2 8,016.7 8,206.3 8,394.6 8,006.3 8,256.0 8,290.8 8,326.4 35.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Change

from:

Apr.2013 -

May2013p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 7,698.9 7,646.2 7,832.8 8,015.3 7,634.8 7,877.8 7,913.6 7,948.6 35.0

Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,133.4 3,183.9 3,246.7 3,324.6 3,132.7 3,286.2 3,314.6 3,334.5 19.9

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,496.8 2,535.0 2,588.8 2,659.3 2,493.8 2,627.8 2,654.2 2,679.8 25.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.0 834.5 835.6 838.1 824.0 835.9 841.3 845.6 4.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,906.0 1,743.5 1,859.7 1,947.7 1,830.9 1,862.2 1,861.3 1,867.7 6.4

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.3 370.5 373.5 379.3 371.5 378.2 377.2 377.8 0.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,357 20,748 20,800 20,709 20,290 20,590 20,627 20,653 26

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,401.5 3,516.8 3,525.3 3,418.5 3,353.7 3,360.6 3,365.9 3,380.1 14.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,955.9 17,231.0 17,274.7 17,290.9 16,936.1 17,229.1 17,261.4 17,273.2 11.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,259.6 14,487.4 14,515.8 14,529.4 14,274.3 14,508.5 14,532.8 14,543.5 10.7

Ambulatory health care services1

. . . . . . . . . 6,299.5 6,454.5 6,479.2 6,496.6 6,301.6 6,467.7 6,484.8 6,500.1 15.3

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,385.8 2,418.7 2,421.1 2,426.4 2,391.1 2,423.3 2,429.5 2,434.2 4.7

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647.2 679.8 681.7 685.3 646.9 679.3 680.9 684.4 3.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,192.3 1,256.4 1,268.6 1,275.7 1,190.6 1,259.2 1,266.5 1,273.4 6.9

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,771.2 4,830.6 4,828.4 4,821.6 4,781.1 4,831.0 4,835.8 4,829.9 -5.9

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,188.9 3,202.3 3,208.2 3,211.2 3,191.6 3,209.8 3,212.2 3,213.5 1.3

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,664.4 1,659.3 1,660.1 1,659.0 1,665.6 1,662.9 1,662.8 1,660.1 -2.7

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,696.3 2,743.6 2,758.9 2,761.5 2,661.8 2,720.6 2,728.6 2,729.7 1.1

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881.9 879.8 881.6 882.8 855.7 858.8 857.8 855.5 -2.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,946 13,668 13,993 14,356 13,702 14,026 14,065 14,108 43

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,027.0 1,865.2 1,964.1 2,093.5 1,955.8 2,010.3 2,008.7 2,018.2 9.5

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 423.5 408.6 445.3 450.7 403.0 428.4 433.1 430.5 -2.6

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.4 131.6 135.4 141.7 133.5 139.3 138.0 137.6 -0.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,465.1 1,325.0 1,383.4 1,501.1 1,419.3 1,442.6 1,437.6 1,450.1 12.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,919.3 11,802.8 12,028.7 12,262.5 11,746.6 12,015.8 12,056.4 12,089.7 33.3

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,823.4 1,762.5 1,787.5 1,833.8 1,822.5 1,827.4 1,833.7 1,828.9 -4.8

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 10,095.9 10,040.3 10,241.2 10,428.7 9,924.1 10,188.4 10,222.7 10,260.8 38.1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,444 5,444 5,466 5,505 5,424 5,472 5,475 5,488 13

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,194.2 1,194.4 1,200.3 1,206.5 1,185.9 1,198.1 1,198.8 1,203.5 4.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316.9 1,322.4 1,332.0 1,347.2 1,303.8 1,329.5 1,329.9 1,333.0 3.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,933.0 2,927.3 2,933.3 2,951.4 2,934.5 2,944.2 2,946.4 2,951.5 5.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,298 22,266 22,261 22,239 21,906 21,859 21,851 21,848 -3

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,821.0 2,762.0 2,760.0 2,748.0 2,821.0 2,773.0 2,762.0 2,748.0 -14.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,209.3 2,173.4 2,169.0 2,166.2 2,207.1 2,180.7 2,173.2 2,163.8 -9.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.0 588.8 590.5 581.7 614.3 592.3 588.4 584.6 -3.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,081.0 5,197.0 5,202.0 5,082.0 5,049.0 5,051.0 5,048.0 5,046.0 -2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,404.7 2,546.1 2,551.0 2,431.6 2,378.4 2,395.5 2,397.0 2,401.3 4.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,676.7 2,650.5 2,651.2 2,650.2 2,670.5 2,655.0 2,650.7 2,644.5 -6.2

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,396.0 14,307.0 14,299.0 14,409.0 14,036.0 14,035.0 14,041.0 14,054.0 13.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,135.8 8,142.3 8,111.8 8,141.9 7,766.3 7,767.7 7,771.2 7,778.4 7.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,260.5 6,165.1 6,187.1 6,267.5 6,269.6 6,267.7 6,269.5 6,275.2 5.7

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.4 34.6 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.1 40.4 40.3 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.6 43.3 43.2 43.6

Construction........................................................................ 38.5 39.1 39.0 39.2

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.6 40.8 40.7 40.8

Durable goods................................................................... 41.0 41.1 41.0 41.1

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.0 40.3 40.0 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.4 33.3 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.6 34.7 34.6 34.6

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.8

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.6 31.7 31.5 31.6

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.3 38.8 38.6 38.6

Utilities............................................................................ 41.6 42.5 42.1 42.2

Information.......................................................................... 36.6 36.4 36.4 36.6

Financial activities................................................................. 37.1 37.2 37.2 37.3

Professional and business services............................................. 35.9 36.1 36.0 36.1

Education and health services................................................... 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 26.0 26.2 26.1 26.1

Other services...................................................................... 31.6 31.8 31.7 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Total private................................................. $23.43 $23.83 $23.88 $23.89 $ 805.99 $ 824.52 $ 823.86 $ 824.21

Goods-producing........................................ 24.61 24.96 24.98 25.04 986.86 1,008.38 1,006.69 1,011.62

Mining and logging................................... 28.62 29.08 29.08 29.50 1,247.83 1,259.16 1,256.26 1,286.20

Construction........................................... 25.71 26.02 26.06 26.06 989.84 1,017.38 1,016.34 1,021.55

Manufacturing......................................... 23.80 24.15 24.17 24.22 966.28 985.32 983.72 988.18

Durable goods...................................... 25.15 25.55 25.57 25.64 1,031.15 1,050.11 1,048.37 1,053.80

Nondurable goods................................. 21.50 21.75 21.76 21.77 860.00 876.53 870.40 875.15

Private service-providing............................... 23.15 23.56 23.61 23.62 770.90 786.90 786.21 788.91

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 20.40 20.84 20.89 20.91 705.84 723.15 722.79 723.49

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.73 27.51 27.57 27.54 1,034.45 1,064.64 1,066.96 1,068.55

Retail trade.......................................... 16.20 16.59 16.62 16.63 511.92 525.90 523.53 525.51

Transportation and warehousing................. 22.03 22.06 22.16 22.20 843.75 855.93 855.38 856.92

Utilities............................................... 33.85 34.99 34.74 35.28 1,408.16 1,487.08 1,462.55 1,488.82

Information............................................. 31.73 32.58 32.84 32.67 1,161.32 1,185.91 1,195.38 1,195.72

Financial activities.................................... 29.10 29.96 30.12 30.08 1,079.61 1,114.51 1,120.46 1,121.98

Professional and business services................ 28.03 28.41 28.40 28.41 1,006.28 1,025.60 1,022.40 1,025.60

Education and health services...................... 24.10 24.47 24.52 24.52 792.89 805.06 806.71 806.71

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.33 13.43 13.43 13.45 346.58 351.87 350.52 351.05

Other services......................................... 20.76 21.11 21.15 21.22 656.02 671.30 670.46 674.80

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2013 -

May

2013p

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2013 -

May

2013p

Total private....................................... 96.2 98.3 98.2 98.3 0.1 107.5 111.7 111.8 112.0 0.2

Goods-producing............................... 84.0 85.9 85.6 85.8 0.2 93.5 96.9 96.6 97.1 0.5

Mining and logging.......................... 117.1 118.2 117.4 118.5 0.9 134.6 138.0 137.1 140.4 2.4

Construction.................................. 74.5 78.2 77.9 78.4 0.6 83.2 88.4 88.2 88.8 0.7

Manufacturing................................ 87.1 88.0 87.7 87.8 0.1 96.4 98.8 98.6 98.9 0.3

Durable goods............................ 86.2 86.9 86.7 86.9 0.2 96.3 98.6 98.4 98.9 0.5

Nondurable goods........................ 89.0 89.9 89.1 89.5 0.4 97.1 99.3 98.4 98.8 0.4

Private service-providing...................... 99.6 101.6 101.5 102.0 0.5 111.7 116.0 116.1 116.7 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 95.8 97.4 97.2 97.3 0.1 105.2 109.2 109.3 109.6 0.3

Wholesale trade........................... 95.7 96.9 96.9 97.3 0.4 106.7 111.2 111.5 111.9 0.4

Retail trade................................ 95.2 96.9 96.4 96.9 0.5 102.0 106.3 105.9 106.5 0.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 96.5 99.1 98.7 98.6 -0.1 107.9 110.9 111.0 111.1 0.1

Utilities..................................... 99.7 102.2 101.4 101.8 0.4 111.6 118.1 116.4 118.6 1.9

Information................................... 89.6 89.8 89.6 90.1 0.6 101.2 104.2 104.7 104.9 0.2

Financial activities........................... 94.6 95.7 95.9 96.2 0.3 107.3 111.9 112.6 112.8 0.2

Professional and business services....... 100.9 104.2 104.2 104.9 0.7 114.6 119.9 119.9 120.7 0.7

Education and health services............. 108.7 110.3 110.5 110.6 0.1 122.7 126.4 126.9 127.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality...................... 101.6 104.9 104.7 105.1 0.4 109.3 113.6 113.5 114.0 0.4

Other services............................... 95.0 96.4 96.2 96.7 0.5 111.9 115.5 115.4 116.4 0.9

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Total nonfarm............................................... 65,916 66,743 66,855 66,937 49.4 49.3 49.4 49.4

Total private.............................................. 53,426 54,269 54,377 54,458 47.9 47.8 47.9 47.9

Goods-producing...................................... 4,089 4,103 4,107 4,112 22.2 22.0 22.0 22.1

Mining and logging................................. 111 117 118 119 13.0 13.5 13.6 13.8

Construction........................................ 719 738 741 745 12.8 12.7 12.8 12.8

Manufacturing....................................... 3,259 3,248 3,248 3,248 27.3 27.1 27.1 27.1

Durable goods................................... 1,732 1,732 1,734 1,734 23.2 23.1 23.1 23.1

Nondurable goods............................... 1,527 1,516 1,514 1,514 34.2 33.9 33.9 34.0

Private service-providing............................. 49,337 50,166 50,270 50,346 52.9 52.9 52.9 52.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,244 10,445 10,476 10,491 40.2 40.5 40.5 40.6

Wholesale trade................................. 1,702.6 1,702.0 1,702.5 1,703.8 30.0 29.7 29.7 29.6

Retail trade....................................... 7,380.7 7,562.4 7,589.3 7,599.4 49.7 50.3 50.4 50.3

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,023.0 1,043.9 1,046.0 1,049.5 23.2 23.4 23.4 23.5

Utilities............................................ 137.7 136.9 137.8 138.6 24.8 24.6 24.8 24.9

Information.......................................... 1,080 1,072 1,067 1,071 40.3 39.7 39.6 39.7

Financial activities.................................. 4,519 4,540 4,546 4,538 58.1 57.8 57.8 57.6

Professional and business services............. 7,908 8,136 8,165 8,198 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.4

Education and health services................... 15,560 15,801 15,823 15,838 76.7 76.7 76.7 76.7

Leisure and hospitality............................. 7,171 7,296 7,318 7,333 52.3 52.0 52.0 52.0

Other services...................................... 2,855 2,876 2,875 2,877 52.6 52.6 52.5 52.4

Government.............................................. 12,490 12,474 12,478 12,479 57.0 57.1 57.1 57.1

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Total private................................................................................ 92,207 93,688 93,813 93,978

Goods-producing........................................................................ 13,281 13,426 13,407 13,388

Mining and logging................................................................... 651 642 638 635

Construction........................................................................... 4,221 4,382 4,379 4,386

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,409 8,402 8,390 8,367

Durable goods...................................................................... 5,157 5,159 5,153 5,139

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,252 3,243 3,237 3,228

Private service-providing............................................................... 78,926 80,262 80,406 80,590

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 21,612 21,844 21,849 21,866

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,560.1 4,621.1 4,622.4 4,630.8

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,802.5 12,915.1 12,921.3 12,932.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,808.4 3,860.6 3,856.2 3,852.6

Utilities............................................................................... 440.5 447.4 448.8 450.1

Information............................................................................ 2,165 2,187 2,186 2,192

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,979 6,040 6,062 6,062

Professional and business services................................................ 14,739 15,191 15,234 15,303

Education and health services...................................................... 17,799 18,047 18,076 18,101

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 12,097 12,386 12,427 12,487

Other services........................................................................ 4,535 4,567 4,572 4,579

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.7 33.8 33.7 33.8

Goods-producing..................................................................... 41.0 41.3 41.3 41.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.3 45.7 45.7 46.0

Construction........................................................................ 39.0 39.7 39.7 39.8

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.6 41.8 41.8 41.8

Durable goods................................................................... 42.0 42.3 42.1 42.2

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.9 41.2 41.2 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.7 33.8 33.6 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.6 38.8 38.6 38.8

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.5 30.3 30.0 30.3

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.0 38.8 38.6 38.5

Utilities............................................................................ 41.1 42.0 41.7 41.9

Information.......................................................................... 35.8 35.7 35.7 35.6

Financial activities................................................................. 36.6 36.7 36.7 36.7

Professional and business services............................................. 35.2 35.4 35.3 35.4

Education and health services................................................... 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.9 25.0 25.0 25.0

Other services...................................................................... 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.2

Durable goods........................................................................ 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Total private................................................. $19.70 $20.04 $20.07 $20.08 $ 663.89 $ 677.35 $ 676.36 $ 678.70

Goods-producing........................................ 20.88 21.18 21.21 21.26 856.08 874.73 875.97 878.04

Mining and logging................................... 25.68 26.41 26.68 27.23 1,188.98 1,206.94 1,219.28 1,252.58

Construction........................................... 23.93 24.25 24.30 24.28 933.27 962.73 964.71 966.34

Manufacturing......................................... 19.03 19.23 19.22 19.25 791.65 803.81 803.40 804.65

Durable goods...................................... 20.12 20.27 20.26 20.30 845.04 857.42 852.95 856.66

Nondurable goods................................. 17.25 17.54 17.53 17.53 705.53 722.65 722.24 722.24

Private service-providing............................... 19.45 19.79 19.82 19.83 630.18 643.18 642.17 644.48

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 17.41 17.60 17.62 17.63 586.72 594.88 592.03 595.89

Wholesale trade.................................... 22.14 22.46 22.49 22.56 854.60 871.45 868.11 875.33

Retail trade.......................................... 13.82 13.95 13.93 13.92 421.51 422.69 417.90 421.78

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.57 19.48 19.58 19.63 743.66 755.82 755.79 755.76

Utilities............................................... 31.46 32.07 32.09 32.10 1,293.01 1,346.94 1,338.15 1,344.99

Information............................................. 26.80 27.72 27.82 27.61 959.44 989.60 993.17 982.92

Financial activities.................................... 22.68 23.68 23.81 23.85 830.09 869.06 873.83 875.30

Professional and business services................ 23.19 23.58 23.57 23.60 816.29 834.73 832.02 835.44

Education and health services...................... 21.03 21.31 21.34 21.34 679.27 688.31 689.28 689.28

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.61 11.74 11.74 11.76 289.09 293.50 293.50 294.00

Other services......................................... 17.54 17.78 17.81 17.80 536.72 545.85 546.77 548.24

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2013 -

May

2013p

May

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013p

May

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2013 -

May

2013p

Total private....................................... 103.7 105.7 105.5 106.0 0.5 136.4 141.4 141.4 142.2 0.6

Goods-producing............................... 83.2 84.7 84.6 84.5 -0.1 106.4 109.9 109.9 110.0 0.1

Mining and logging.......................... 160.2 155.9 154.9 155.2 0.2 239.2 239.5 240.4 245.8 2.2

Construction.................................. 82.4 87.1 87.0 87.4 0.5 106.5 114.1 114.2 114.6 0.4

Manufacturing................................ 80.3 80.6 80.5 80.3 -0.2 99.9 101.4 101.2 101.1 -0.1

Durable goods............................ 81.4 82.0 81.5 81.5 0.0 102.2 103.8 103.1 103.3 0.2

Nondurable goods........................ 78.4 78.7 78.6 78.4 -0.3 95.5 97.6 97.3 97.1 -0.2

Private service-providing...................... 109.1 111.3 111.2 111.8 0.5 145.5 151.0 151.0 151.9 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 101.5 102.9 102.3 103.0 0.7 126.1 129.2 128.6 129.6 0.8

Wholesale trade........................... 103.7 105.6 105.1 105.8 0.7 135.2 139.7 139.2 140.6 1.0

Retail trade................................ 98.8 99.1 98.1 99.2 1.1 117.1 118.4 117.1 118.3 1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 108.9 112.8 112.0 111.7 -0.3 135.2 139.3 139.2 139.0 -0.1

Utilities..................................... 92.6 96.1 95.7 96.4 0.7 121.6 128.6 128.2 129.2 0.8

Information................................... 88.5 89.1 89.1 89.1 0.0 117.4 122.3 122.7 121.7 -0.8

Financial activities........................... 103.0 104.4 104.7 104.7 0.0 143.7 152.0 153.4 153.7 0.2

Professional and business services....... 116.3 120.5 120.5 121.4 0.7 160.5 169.1 169.0 170.5 0.9

Education and health services............. 124.0 125.7 125.9 126.1 0.2 171.5 176.2 176.7 176.9 0.1

Leisure and hospitality...................... 110.3 113.4 113.8 114.3 0.4 145.5 151.2 151.7 152.7 0.7

Other services............................... 97.3 98.3 98.4 98.9 0.5 124.4 127.4 127.7 128.3 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary