For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 13, 2010 USDL-10-0963

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2010

There were 3.2 million job openings on the last business day of May 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. The job openings rate was little changed over the month at 2.4 percent. The 

hires rate (3.4 percent) was little changed and the separations rate (3.1 percent) was unchanged. This

release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total 

nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. 

Job Openings

The number of job openings in May was 3.2 million, which was little changed from April. Although the 

month-to-month change is small, the number of job openings has risen by 868,000 (37 percent) since the 

most recent trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. Even with the gains since July 2009, the number of job 

openings in May 2010 remained below those in place at the start of the recession in every industry 

except government, and in each region except the Northeast. (See table 1.) 

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

June 2007 - May 2010

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

Percent

2008 2009 2010

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

June 2007 - May 2010

Hires

Separations

NOTE: The shaded area represents the recession that began in Dec. 2007 as designated by the 

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). NBER has not yet determined an end point for the 

recession.
- 2 - 

The number of job openings in May (not seasonally adjusted) increased from 12 months earlier for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. The job openings level increased in many industries and in 3 of 

the 4 regions—Northeast, South, and West. (See table 5.) 

Hires

In May, the hires rate was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm at 3.4 percent. Although the over-themonth change in the rate was not significant, the last time the hires rate was 3.4 percent was August 

2008. The rate was between 3.0 percent and 3.3 percent from September 2008 through April 2010. The 

number of hires for total nonfarm has increased by 648,000 (17 percent) since the most recent trough in 

June 2009 but remains below pre-recession levels. The hires rate increased in May for government, 

reflecting the temporary workers hired for Census 2010. The number of hires remained below preTable A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry May Apr. May May Apr. May May Apr. May

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total ......................................................2,488 3,302 3,206 3,962 4,292 4,504 4,401 4,013 4,085

Total private 1....................................... 2,183 2,675 2,596 3,690 3,935 3,778 4,076 3,726 3,756

Construction....................................... 37 88 80 328 349 313 393 345 344

Manufacturing.................................... 104 195 196 204 305 258 364 249 232

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 479 456 455 843 856 807 905 803 787

Retail trade..................................... 334 292 281 562 593 558 597 551 565

Professional and business services......... 407 550 580 739 780 777 790 733 785

Education and health services............... 523 561 520 460 496 482 427 475 443

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 278 274 299 683 711 671 684 684 689

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 22 24 42 81 127 101 88 114 117

Accommodation and food services...... 255 250 257 602 584 570 596 570 571

Government 3..................................... 304 627 611 272 357 726 325 287 328

 State and local government.................. 256 260 239 251 248 240 250 248 257

Total ...................................................... 1.9 2.5 2.4 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.1

Total private 1....................................... 2.0 2.4 2.4 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.5

Construction....................................... 0.6 1.5 1.4 5.4 6.2 5.6 6.4 6.1 6.2

Manufacturing.................................... 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.6 2.2 3.1 2.1 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 2......... 1.9 1.8 1.8 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.2

Retail trade.................................... 2.2 2.0 1.9 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.9

Professional and business services......... 2.4 3.2 3.4 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.7

Education and health services............... 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 2.1 2.1 2.2 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation...... 1.2 1.3 2.2 4.3 6.7 5.4 4.6 6.0 6.2

Accommodation and food services...... 2.2 2.2 2.2 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.1

Government 3..................................... 1.3 2.7 2.6 1.2 1.6 3.2 1.4 1.3 1.4

 State and local government.................. 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

 1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not show n separately.

 2 Includes w holesale trade and transportation, w arehousing, and utilities, not show n separately.

 3 Includes federal government, not show n separately.

 p = preliminary.

Rates (percent)

Job openings Hires Total separations

Levels (in thousands)
- 3 - 

recession levels in every industry except government (due to Census 2010 hires) and in each region. 

(See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in May, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) rose for total nonfarm. The 

hires rate increased over the past 12 months in mining and logging, durable goods manufacturing, and 

federal government, and fell in wholesale trade. The hires rate increased over the year in the Midwest 

and South and was little changed in the other two regions. (See table 6.)

Separations 

Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary 

separations), and other separations (including retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate for 

total nonfarm remained at 3.1 percent in May for the fourth consecutive month. The rate was also little 

changed over the month for total private and government. The total separations rate (not seasonally 

adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending in May for total nonfarm and total private, and

was unchanged for government. (See tables 3 and 7.) 

The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to change jobs. In May, the quits

rate was essentially unchanged at 1.4 percent for total nonfarm and was little changed in every industry 

and region. The number of quits fell by 1.4 million (46 percent) between the November 2006 peak and 

the September 2009 trough. Since September 2009, the number of quits has risen by 161,000. (See table 

4.) 

Over the 12 months ending in May, the quits rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 

nonfarm and total private and unchanged for government. The quits rate was little changed in every 

industry and region over the year except in information where the rate decreased and in federal 

government where the rate increased. (See table 8.)

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 

total private, and government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed in May for total 

nonfarm, total private, and government. Layoffs and discharges declined from a peak of 2.6 million in 

January 2009 to 1.9 million in May 2010, just 30,000 above the level at the start of the recession. (See 

table B below.)

The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) fell over the 12 months ending in May for total 

nonfarm and total private and was little changed for government. The layoffs and discharges rate fell

over the year in many industries and 2 of the 4 regions—Midwest and West. (See table 9.) 

Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted

May Apr. May May Apr. May

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total...............................................................2,342 1,760 1,865 1.8 1.4 1.4

Total private...................................................2,163 1,633 1,708 2.0 1.5 1.6

Government................................................... 179 127 157 0.8 0.6 0.7

 p = preliminary.

Industry

Levels (in thousands) Rates
- 4 - 

The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In May, there were 312,000 other separations for 

total nonfarm, 242,000 for total private, and 71,000 for government. Compared to May 2009, the 

number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and total private but increased for 

government. (See table 10.) 

The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution of its three components—quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm 

level attributable to the individual components has varied over time. In May 2010, the proportion of 

quits and layoffs and discharges were equal at 46 percent. From the beginning of the series in December 

2000 through October 2008, the proportion of quits exceeded the proportion of layoffs and discharges. 

In November 2008, layoffs and discharges became the larger contributor to total separations. In 

February 2010, the relative contribution reversed again with the proportion of quits slightly exceeding 

the proportion of layoffs and discharges. (Computed using values from tables 3 and 4, and table B 

above.) 

Net Change in Employment

Over the 12 months ending in May, hires totaled 49.4 million and separations totaled 49.9 million, 

yielding a net employment loss of 0.6 million.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for June 2010 are scheduled to be released

on Wednesday, August 11, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). 
Technical Note

 The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly 

from a sample of business establishments by the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Collection

 In a monthly survey of business establishments, data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

Data collection methods include computer-assisted 

telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, web, fax, 

e-mail, and mail.

Coverage

 The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm 

establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as 

well as federal, state, and local government entities in 

the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Concepts

 Industry classification. The industry classifications 

in this release are in accordance with the 2007 version 

of the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible 

quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with 

employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, 

location, and ownership classification of all 

establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in 

establishment characteristics resulting from the 

verification process are always introduced into the 

JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the 

first month of the year.

 Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, 

salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are 

employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. 

Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, 

unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay 

or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as 

employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and 

consultants are counted by their employer of record, 

not by the establishment where they are working.

 Job openings. Establishments submit job openings 

information for the last business day of the reference 

month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific 

position exists and there is work available for that 

position, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless 

of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the 

employer is actively recruiting from outside the 

establishment to fill the position. Included are fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

openings. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a position by 

advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting 

help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using 

other similar methods.

 Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, 

promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are 

excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more 

than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees 

have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and 

jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

 Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the 

payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or 

promotions within the reporting site, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies or employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed 

by dividing the number of hires by employment and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

 Separations. Separations are the total number of 

terminations of employment occurring at any time 

during the reference month, and are reported by type of 

separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and other 

separations. Quits are voluntary separations by 

employees (except for retirements, which are reported 

as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are 

involuntary separations initiated by the employer and 

include layoffs with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs 

lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges 

resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings; firings 

or other discharges for cause; terminations of 

permanent or short-term employees; and terminations 

of seasonal employees. Other separations include 

retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and 

separations due to disability. Separations do not 

include transfers within the same location or employees 

on strike.
 The separations rate is computed by dividing the 

number of separations by employment and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, 

and other separations rates are computed similarly, 

dividing the number by employment and multiplying 

by 100.

 Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and 

levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations are released with the 

January news release each year.

 The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, 

layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly 

levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by 

dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels 

are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual 

estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS 

practices, annual estimates are published only for not 

seasonally adjusted data.

 Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 

Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are 

counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be 

cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for 

job openings cannot be created by summing the 

monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow 

measures and are cumulated over the month with a 

total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual 

figures can be created by summing the monthly 

estimates.

Special collection procedures

 An implied measure of employment change can be 

derived from the JOLTS data by subtracting 

separations from hires for a given month. Aggregating 

these monthly changes historically produced 

employment levels that overstated employment change 

as measured by CES at the total nonfarm level. 

Research into this problem showed that a significant 

amount of the divergence between the CES 

employment levels and the derived JOLTS 

employment levels was traceable to the Employment 

Services industry and to the State Government 

Education industry. In the former industry, businesses 

have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of 

temporary help workers. In the latter industry, 

employers have difficulty reporting hires and 

separations of student workers. BLS now devotes 

additional resources to the collection, editing, and 

review of data for these industries. BLS analysts more 

closely examine reported data that do not provide a 

consistent picture over time, and re-contact the 

respondents as necessary. Analysts work with the 

respondents to adjust their reporting practices as 

possible. Units that cannot be reconciled but are 

clearly incorrect on a consistent basis are not used, they 

are replaced by imputed values using standard

techniques.

Sample and estimation methodology

 The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including 

factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, 

and local governments in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled 

as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW), program. This 

program includes all employers subject to state 

Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal 

agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for 

Federal Employees (UCFE).

 The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, 

industry sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is 

constructed from individual panels of sample units 

drawn on an annual basis. The full annual sample 

consists of one certainty panel composed of only large 

units selected with virtual certainty based on their size 

and 24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new noncertainty panel is rolled into collection, and the oldest 

non-certainty panel is rolled out. This means that at 

any given time the JOLTS sample is constructed from 

panels from three different annual sampling frames. 

The entire sample of old plus new panels is poststratified and re-weighted annually to represent the 

most recent sampling frame. Additionally, the out-ofbusiness establishments are removed from the old 

panels. The annual sample is supplemented with a 

quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new 

establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger 

establishments in the JOLTS sample.

 JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked 

monthly to the employment estimates of the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES 

to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for 

all other JOLTS data elements. 

JOLTS business birth/death model

 As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can 

only be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag 

from the birth of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many of these new units may fail within the 
first year. Since these universe units cannot be 

reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from these units during their early 

existence. BLS has developed a model to estimate 

birth/death activity for current months by examining 

the birth/death activity from previous years on the 

QCEW and projecting forward to the present using an 

econometric technique known as X-12 ARIMA 

modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical 

JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires 

and separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the estimated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate the 

number of hires and separations taking place in these 

units that cannot be measured through sampling. 

 The model-based estimate of total separations is 

distributed to the three components – quits; layoffs and 

discharges; and other separations - in proportion to 

their contribution to the sample-based estimate of total 

separations. Additionally, job openings for the 

modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of 

openings to hires in the collected data and applying that 

ratio to the modeled hires. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are then added to the sample-based 

estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 

estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

 BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using 

the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. 

Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and 

removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such 

as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of 

the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to 

observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, 

particularly those associated with general economic 

expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal 

adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all 

relevant data, up to and including the data for the 

current month.

 JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in 

seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal 

adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with 

autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the 

seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of 

the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the 

series.

Alignment procedure

 JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable 

to the CES net employment change. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method. The Monthly 

Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends 

to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trend (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are 

seasonally adjusted and the difference between the 

JOLTS implied employment trend and the CES net 

employment change is calculated. Next, the JOLTS 

implied employment trend is adjusted to equal the CES 

net employment change through a proportional 

adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). For example, if hires are 40 

percent of the churn for a given month, they will 

receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and 

separations will receive 60 percent of the needed 

adjustment. The adjusted hires and separations are 

converted back to not seasonally adjusted data by 

reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the monthly alignment method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. The Monthly 

Alignment procedure assures a close match of the 

JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. 

The CES series is considered a highly accurate 

measure of net employment change owing to its very 

large sample size and annual benchmarking to universe 

counts of employment from the QCEW program.

Using JOLTS data

 The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and 

separations are relatively new. The full sample is 

divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each 

month. A full complement of panels for the original 

data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial 

Classification (SIC) system was not completely 

enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The 

supplemental panels of establishments needed to create 

NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until 

May 2003. The data collected up until those points are 

from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from 

earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer 

sampled units were reporting data at that time.

 In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires 

and separations data were revised to address possible 

underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and 

separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 

may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 

and later.
 The federal government reorganization that involved 

transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the 

new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected 

in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the 

federal government. The Office of Personnel 

Management's record shows these transfers were 

completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers 

in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is 

intended to cover ongoing movements of workers 

between establishments. The Department of Homeland 

Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, 

and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers 

would distort the federal government time series.

Reliability of the estimates

 JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the 

entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the 

sample estimates may differ from the "true" population 

values they represent. The exact difference, or 

sampling error, varies depending on the particular 

sample selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is 

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent 

chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based 

on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of 

sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

 The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons, including the failure to include a 

segment of the population, the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample, the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data, and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation.

Other information

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-

800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May

2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................2,488 2,531 2,854 2,647 2,785 3,302 3,206 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................2,183 2,130 2,471 2,266 2,363 2,675 2,596 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4

Construction.................................... 37 67 62 65 83 88 80 .6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4

Manufacturing................................. 104 171 154 167 180 195 196 .9 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 479 378 395 453 470 456 455 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8

Retail trade................................. 334 237 255 297 305 292 281 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9

Professional and business services...... 407 404 424 409 423 550 580 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.4

Education and health services............ 523 545 624 502 536 561 520 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 278 227 268 285 257 274 299 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 22 20 19 19 24 24 42 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 2.2

Accommodation and food services... 255 207 250 266 232 250 257 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2

Government 6....................................... 304 401 383 381 421 627 611 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.6

State and local government............... 256 294 256 246 262 260 239 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 552 547 585 542 599 678 705 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.8

South............................................. 864 943 986 916 945 1,080 1,175 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4

Midwest.......................................... 525 495 613 566 573 664 610 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0

West............................................. 554 603 648 682 707 821 718 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.4

1

 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the 7

 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 

month. regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 

of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, 

 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and 

 4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, 

other services, not shown separately. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, 

shown separately. Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

 6 Includes federal government, not shown separately. Wyoming.

 p = preliminary.

Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May

2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total......................................................3,962 3,997 4,087 4,011 4,331 4,292 4,504 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.......................................3,690 3,715 3,790 3,710 3,970 3,935 3,778 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5

Construction.................................... 328 335 312 306 400 349 313 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.5 7.1 6.2 5.6

Manufacturing................................. 204 244 289 267 279 305 258 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 843 849 822 821 897 856 807 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.3

Retail trade................................. 562 547 584 572 646 593 558 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.9

Professional and business services...... 739 652 729 767 744 780 777 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.7

Education and health services............ 460 496 487 470 503 496 482 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ........................ 683 657 715 652 712 711 671 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 81 94 102 88 114 127 101 4.3 5.0 5.4 4.6 6.0 6.7 5.4

Accommodation and food services... 602 562 613 564 598 584 570 5.4 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.1

Government 6....................................... 272 282 297 301 360 357 726 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 3.2

State and local government............... 251 254 254 258 268 248 240 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 706 746 836 733 837 695 811 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.3

South............................................. 1,448 1,463 1,449 1,381 1,618 1,585 1,640 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.5

Midwest.......................................... 871 900 936 965 1,073 1,012 1,055 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.6

West............................................. 923 879 922 861 1,025 870 972 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.6 3.0 3.4

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of not shown separately.

total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and 

other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels Rates 3

 (in thousands)

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 3. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May

2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 4,401 4,195 4,155 3,969 4,048 4,013 4,085 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 4,076 3,884 3,858 3,663 3,743 3,726 3,756 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5

Construction.................................... 393 382 405 362 365 345 344 6.4 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.2

Manufacturing................................. 364 273 276 260 245 249 232 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 905 901 856 806 866 803 787 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2

Retail trade................................. 597 567 577 551 620 551 565 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.9

Professional and business services...... 790 649 698 716 699 733 785 4.8 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.7

Education and health services............ 427 486 457 440 455 475 443 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 684 688 709 621 677 684 689 5.2 5.3 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 88 109 111 78 119 114 117 4.6 5.8 5.9 4.1 6.3 6.0 6.2

Accommodation and food services... 596 578 598 543 558 570 571 5.3 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.1

Government 6.................................... 325 311 296 306 305 287 328 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local government............... 250 283 269 273 268 248 257 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 830 817 789 730 821 690 774 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.1

South............................................. 1,600 1,499 1,561 1,459 1,423 1,427 1,495 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2

Midwest..........................................1,053 1,016 988 858 895 948 978 3.5 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3

West............................................. 1,033 1,061 1,034 954 920 944 933 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 

month. not shown separately. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

entire month as a percent of total employment. 7

 See footnote 7, table 1. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent p = preliminary.

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted

May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May

2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p

Total................................................... 1,807 1,753 1,772 1,851 1,918 1,972 1,877 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private 4.................................... 1,706 1,639 1,661 1,719 1,802 1,871 1,774 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

Construction.................................... 77 76 99 84 83 67 59 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0

Manufacturing................................. 91 75 85 97 89 99 95 .8 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8

Trade, transportation, and utilities 5...... 394 392 368 432 424 442 422 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7

Retail trade................................. 291 291 266 333 316 330 324 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2

Professional and business services...... 309 248 259 300 315 323 322 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9

Education and health services............ 251 271 248 237 253 299 250 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 381 375 401 393 406 419 413 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 42 32 48 35 36 40 39 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1

Accommodation and food services... 339 344 353 358 371 379 374 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3

Government 6.................................... 100 114 112 132 117 101 103 .4 .5 .5 .6 .5 .4 .4

State and local government............... 97 106 106 121 105 93 89 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5

REGION 7

Northeast....................................... 296 280 268 320 325 332 291 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

South............................................. 726 722 736 755 750 744 714 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

Midwest.......................................... 392 391 380 421 438 442 440 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5

West............................................. 396 382 362 434 406 429 412 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 5

 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a not shown separately.

percent of total employment. 6

 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 3

 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent 7 See footnote 7, table 1. 

seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. p

 = preliminary. 4

 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, 

and other services, not shown separately.

Industry and region

Industry and region

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates

Levels 3

 (in thousands) Rates
Table 5. Job openings levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

May Apr. May May Apr. May

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 2,452 3,638 3,207 1.8 2.7 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 2,144 2,988 2,600 1.9 2.7 2.4

Mining and logging.................................... 12 26 18 1.7 3.6 2.5

Construction............................................. 41 110 89 .7 2.0 1.6

Manufacturing.......................................... 105 205 201 .9 1.7 1.7

Durable goods....................................... 60 128 133 .8 1.8 1.8

Nondurable goods.................................... 44 77 68 1.0 1.7 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 460 473 450 1.8 1.9 1.8

Wholesale trade....................................... 79 94 118 1.4 1.7 2.1

Retail trade............................................. 316 304 265 2.1 2.1 1.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 65 75 66 1.3 1.6 1.4

Information................................................ 48 104 92 1.7 3.7 3.3

Financial activities...................................... 154 274 225 1.9 3.5 2.9

Finance and insurance.............................. 118 226 187 2.0 3.9 3.2

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 36 48 37 1.8 2.4 1.9

Professional and business services............... 398 591 578 2.4 3.4 3.4

Education and health services..................... 495 612 488 2.5 3.0 2.4

Educational services................................. 43 74 62 1.3 2.2 1.9

Health care and social assistance............... 452 538 426 2.7 3.2 2.5

Leisure and hospitality................................. 305 346 338 2.2 2.6 2.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 27 33 53 1.3 1.8 2.6

Accommodation and food services............ 278 313 285 2.4 2.7 2.4

Other services.......................................... 128 247 122 2.3 4.4 2.2

Government................................................ 308 650 606 1.3 2.7 2.5

Federal................................................... 45 381 365 1.5 11.3 9.7

State and local........................................... 263 269 241 1.3 1.3 1.2

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 517 773 687 2.0 3.0 2.7

South...................................................... 844 1,184 1,178 1.7 2.5 2.4

Midwest................................................... 521 745 604 1.7 2.5 2.0

West...................................................... 571 936 737 1.9 3.1 2.5

 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment 

plus job openings. 3 See footnote 7, table 1.

 p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 6. Hires levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

May Apr. May May Apr. May

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 4,327 4,762 4,875 3.3 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 4,040 4,478 4,135 3.7 4.2 3.8

Mining and logging.................................... 16 32 33 2.3 4.5 4.6

Construction............................................. 403 494 381 6.6 9.0 6.7

Manufacturing.......................................... 234 314 295 2.0 2.7 2.5

Durable goods....................................... 106 183 179 1.4 2.6 2.5

Nondurable goods.................................... 128 131 116 2.8 2.9 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 907 933 847 3.6 3.8 3.4

Wholesale trade....................................... 190 174 135 3.4 3.1 2.4

Retail trade............................................. 597 640 584 4.1 4.5 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 119 119 128 2.5 2.5 2.7

Information................................................ 57 57 54 2.0 2.1 2.0

Financial activities...................................... 176 220 204 2.3 2.9 2.7

Finance and insurance.............................. 108 140 126 1.9 2.5 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 68 80 78 3.4 4.1 4.0

Professional and business services............... 770 900 822 4.7 5.4 5.0

Education and health services..................... 425 484 440 2.2 2.5 2.3

Educational services................................. 51 47 44 1.6 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance............... 374 436 396 2.3 2.7 2.4

Leisure and hospitality................................. 853 855 839 6.4 6.6 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 129 159 150 6.5 8.5 7.6

Accommodation and food services............ 724 697 689 6.4 6.3 6.1

Other services.......................................... 200 189 219 3.7 3.6 4.1

Government................................................ 287 284 740 1.2 1.2 3.2

Federal................................................... 21 104 487 .7 3.5 14.4

State and local........................................... 266 180 253 1.3 .9 1.3

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 766 812 875 3.1 3.3 3.5

South...................................................... 1,520 1,769 1,705 3.2 3.8 3.6

Midwest................................................... 1,016 1,189 1,219 3.4 4.0 4.1

West...................................................... 1,025 992 1,075 3.5 3.4 3.7

 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 7. Total separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

May Apr. May May Apr. May

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 3,959 4,129 3,671 3.0 3.2 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 3,608 3,923 3,328 3.3 3.7 3.1

Mining and logging.................................... 23 21 16 3.3 3.1 2.2

Construction............................................. 327 331 283 5.3 6.0 5.0

Manufacturing.......................................... 324 279 202 2.7 2.4 1.7

Durable goods....................................... 200 149 111 2.7 2.1 1.5

Nondurable goods.................................... 124 131 92 2.7 2.9 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 849 817 729 3.4 3.3 3.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 162 142 103 2.9 2.6 1.8

Retail trade............................................. 558 550 528 3.9 3.8 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 128 125 99 2.7 2.7 2.1

Information................................................ 67 54 48 2.4 2.0 1.7

Financial activities...................................... 167 229 170 2.1 3.0 2.2

Finance and insurance.............................. 106 162 104 1.8 2.9 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 61 67 65 3.1 3.5 3.4

Professional and business services............... 655 813 671 4.0 4.9 4.0

Education and health services..................... 429 486 430 2.2 2.5 2.2

Educational services................................. 85 55 69 2.7 1.7 2.2

Health care and social assistance............... 344 430 361 2.1 2.6 2.2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 606 707 619 4.5 5.4 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 63 104 92 3.1 5.6 4.6

Accommodation and food services............ 543 603 528 4.8 5.4 4.6

Other services.......................................... 163 187 160 3.0 3.5 3.0

Government................................................ 350 206 343 1.5 .9 1.5

Federal................................................... 73 35 70 2.6 1.2 2.1

State and local........................................... 277 171 273 1.4 .9 1.4

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 655 686 612 2.6 2.8 2.5

South...................................................... 1,508 1,551 1,421 3.2 3.3 3.0

Midwest................................................... 887 931 833 3.0 3.2 2.8

West...................................................... 910 960 805 3.1 3.3 2.8

 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 8. Quits levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

May Apr. May May Apr. May

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 1,764 2,120 1,847 1.3 1.6 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,646 2,040 1,731 1.5 1.9 1.6

Mining and logging.................................... 6 10 7 .8 1.4 1.0

Construction............................................. 75 64 54 1.2 1.2 1.0

Manufacturing.......................................... 83 111 90 .7 1.0 .8

Durable goods....................................... 39 55 40 .5 .8 .6

Nondurable goods.................................... 45 56 50 1.0 1.3 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 393 477 421 1.6 1.9 1.7

Wholesale trade....................................... 40 66 43 .7 1.2 .8

Retail trade............................................. 297 346 334 2.0 2.4 2.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 55 65 44 1.2 1.4 .9

Information................................................ 35 30 20 1.3 1.1 .7

Financial activities...................................... 69 119 85 .9 1.6 1.1

Finance and insurance.............................. 33 83 54 .6 1.5 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 36 36 31 1.8 1.9 1.6

Professional and business services............... 299 355 325 1.8 2.1 2.0

Education and health services..................... 244 306 240 1.3 1.6 1.2

Educational services................................. 23 32 30 .7 1.0 .9

Health care and social assistance............... 220 274 211 1.4 1.7 1.3

Leisure and hospitality................................. 360 452 395 2.7 3.5 3.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 38 37 36 1.9 2.0 1.9

Accommodation and food services............ 322 415 359 2.8 3.7 3.2

Other services.......................................... 82 117 94 1.5 2.2 1.8

Government................................................ 118 80 116 .5 .3 .5

Federal................................................... 3 7 15 .1 .2 .4

State and local........................................... 115 73 101 .6 .4 .5

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 274 353 274 1.1 1.4 1.1

South...................................................... 730 839 725 1.5 1.8 1.5

Midwest................................................... 367 468 429 1.2 1.6 1.4

West...................................................... 393 460 418 1.3 1.6 1.4

 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

May Apr. May May Apr. May

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 1,924 1,650 1,512 1.5 1.3 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 1,738 1,572 1,355 1.6 1.5 1.3

Mining and logging.................................... 16 9 8 2.2 1.3 1.1

Construction............................................. 246 242 219 4.0 4.4 3.9

Manufacturing.......................................... 219 142 93 1.8 1.2 .8

Durable goods....................................... 147 75 60 2.0 1.1 .8

Nondurable goods.................................... 72 67 33 1.6 1.5 .7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 376 277 239 1.5 1.1 1.0

Wholesale trade....................................... 107 69 58 1.9 1.2 1.0

Retail trade............................................. 206 161 140 1.4 1.1 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 64 46 42 1.3 1.0 .9

Information................................................ 25 21 25 .9 .8 .9

Financial activities...................................... 78 69 66 1.0 .9 .9

Finance and insurance.............................. 54 44 38 .9 .8 .7

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 24 25 28 1.2 1.3 1.4

Professional and business services............... 323 378 296 2.0 2.3 1.8

Education and health services..................... 153 151 161 .8 .8 .8

Educational services................................. 56 21 36 1.8 .6 1.1

Health care and social assistance............... 97 131 125 .6 .8 .8

Leisure and hospitality................................. 221 226 193 1.7 1.7 1.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 24 66 52 1.2 3.6 2.6

Accommodation and food services............ 198 160 141 1.7 1.4 1.2

Other services.......................................... 80 57 56 1.5 1.1 1.1

Government................................................ 185 78 157 .8 .3 .7

Federal................................................... 62 17 43 2.2 .6 1.3

State and local........................................... 124 61 114 .6 .3 .6

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 331 267 292 1.3 1.1 1.2

South...................................................... 682 602 572 1.4 1.3 1.2

Midwest................................................... 456 358 330 1.5 1.2 1.1

West...................................................... 455 423 318 1.6 1.5 1.1

 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total 

employment.

 3 See footnote 7, table 1. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region
Table 10. Other separations levels 1

 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted

May Apr. May May Apr. May

2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p

Total............................................................ 271 359 312 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................................ 224 311 242 .2 .3 .2

Mining and logging.................................... 2 3 1 .3 .4 .2

Construction............................................. 6 25 10 .1 .4 .2

Manufacturing.......................................... 22 26 20 .2 .2 .2

Durable goods....................................... 14 19 11 .2 .3 .2

Nondurable goods.................................... 8 8 9 .2 .2 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 80 63 69 .3 .3 .3

Wholesale trade....................................... 15 7 2 .3 .1 (

4

)

Retail trade............................................. 56 43 54 .4 .3 .4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities...... 9 14 14 .2 .3 .3

Information................................................ 6 3 3 .2 .1 .1

Financial activities...................................... 19 41 19 .2 .5 .3

Finance and insurance.............................. 18 35 12 .3 .6 .2

Real estate and rental and leasing............... 1 6 7 (

4

) .3 .4

Professional and business services............... 32 80 50 .2 .5 .3

Education and health services..................... 32 29 28 .2 .1 .1

Educational services................................. 6 3 3 .2 .1 .1

Health care and social assistance............... 26 26 25 .2 .2 .2

Leisure and hospitality................................. 24 28 31 .2 .2 .2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation............ 1 1 3 (

4

) (

4

) .2

Accommodation and food services............ 23 27 28 .2 .2 .2

Other services.......................................... 1 13 9 (

4

) .2 .2

Government................................................ 47 48 71 .2 .2 .3

Federal................................................... 8 11 12 .3 .4 .3

State and local........................................... 39 37 59 .2 .2 .3

REGION 3

Northeast................................................ 50 67 46 .2 .3 .2

South...................................................... 95 110 123 .2 .2 .3

Midwest................................................... 65 105 74 .2 .4 .2

West...................................................... 62 77 69 .2 .3 .2

 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 7, table 1. 4 Data round to zero. p = preliminary.

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Industry and region