For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 22, 2020 USDL-20-1013 

Technical information: 

 Employment: sminfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/sae 

 Unemployment: lausinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT — APRIL 2020

Unemployment rates were higher in April in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Similarly, all 50 states and the District had jobless rate increases from 

a year earlier. The national unemployment rate rose by 10.3 percentage points over the month to 14.7 

percent and was 11.1 points higher than in April 2019. 

Nonfarm payroll employment decreased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in April 2020. Over 

the year, nonfarm payroll employment decreased in all 50 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force and 

unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. These data pertain to 

individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures 

nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by 

where the establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 

methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note. 

Unemployment

Nevada had the highest unemployment rate in April, 28.2 percent, followed by Michigan, 22.7 percent, 

and Hawaii, 22.3 percent. The rates in 43 states set new series highs. (All state series begin in 1976.)

The rates in Hawaii and Nevada exceeded their previous series highs by more than 10.0 percentage 

points each, while the rates in Michigan, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont exceeded their 

previous highs by more than 5.0 points each. Connecticut had the lowest unemployment rate, 7.9 

percent. The next lowest rates were in Minnesota and Nebraska, 8.1 percent and 8.3 percent, 

respectively. In total, 27 states and the District of Columbia had unemployment rates lower than the U.S. 

figure of 14.7 percent, 10 states had higher rates, and 13 states had rates that were not appreciably 

different from that of the nation. (See tables A, B, and 1 and map 1.) 

In April, the largest unemployment rate increases occurred in Nevada (+21.3 percentage points), Hawaii 

(+19.9 points), and Michigan (+18.4 points). Rates rose over the month by at least 10.0 percentage 

points in an additional 17 states. The smallest over-the-month jobless rate increases occurred in 

Nebraska (+4.3 percentage points) and Connecticut (+4.5 points). (See table C.) 
-2-

The largest unemployment rate increases from April 2019 occurred in Nevada (+24.2 percentage 

points), Hawaii (+19.6 points), and Michigan (+18.4 points), with another 21 states experiencing 

increases of 10.0 points or more. The smallest over-the-year rate increases occurred in Connecticut (+4.2 

percentage points) and Minnesota (+4.9 points). (See table D.) 

Nonfarm Payroll Employment 

Nonfarm payroll employment decreased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in April 2020. The 

largest job declines occurred in California (-2,344,700), New York (-1,827,300), and Texas 

(-1,298,900). The largest percentage declines occurred in Michigan (-22.8 percent), Vermont (-19.6 

percent), and New York (-18.8 percent). (See tables E and 3.) 

All 50 states and the District of Columbia had over-the-year decreases in nonfarm payroll employment

in April. The largest job declines occurred in California (-2,324,000), New York (-1,904,900), and 

Texas (-1,110,600). The largest percentage declines occurred in Michigan (-23.0 percent), Vermont 

(-21.5 percent), and New York (-19.4 percent). (See table F and map 2.) 

_____________ 

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for April is scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, June 3, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). The State Employment and 

Unemployment news release for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 19, 2020, at 10:00 

a.m. (EDT).
-3-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2020 

Establishment and Household Survey Data

BLS has continued to review all estimation and methodological procedures for the establishment survey, 

which included the review of data, estimation processes, the application of the birth-death model, and 

seasonal adjustment. Business births and deaths cannot be adequately captured by the establishment 

survey as they occur. Therefore, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program uses a model to 

account for the relatively stable net employment change generated by business births and deaths. Due to 

the impact of COVID-19, the relationship between business births and deaths is no longer stable. For the 

March 2020 final estimates updated with this news release, CES modified the birth-death model. 

Typically, reports with zero employment are not included in estimation. For the March final estimates, 

CES included a portion of these reports in the estimates. For the April 2020 preliminary estimates, in 

addition to the inclusion of reported zeros, the establishment survey made modifications to the birthdeath model. For more information, see www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm . 

In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period 

including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. 

Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not 

counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits. The length of the reference period 

does vary across the respondents in the establishment survey; one-third of businesses have a weekly pay 

period, slightly over 40 percent a bi-weekly, about 20 percent semi-monthly, and a small amount 

monthly. 

For the April 2020 estimates of household employment and unemployment from the Local Area 

Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program, BLS determined that no modifications to the model-based 

methodology were necessary. Rather, the LAUS program implemented level-shift outliers in the 

employment and/or unemployment inputs to the models, based on statistical evaluation of movements in 

each area’s inputs. Both the household survey inputs, which serve as the primary inputs to the LAUS 

models, and the nonfarm payroll employment and unemployment insurance claims covariates were 

examined for outliers. The resulting implementation of level shifts preserved movements in published 

estimates that the models otherwise would have discounted, without requiring changes to how the 

models create estimates at other points in the time series. Outlier detection and implementation of level 

shifts are usual aspects of the LAUS modeling procedures. However, until March 2020 these activities 

generally had been limited to annual processing, following the completion of estimation for the full 

calendar year. Furthermore, prior to April 2020, outlier detection for model-based areas had been limited 

to the household survey inputs. The implementation of level shifts for the model covariates in the April 

2020 processing cycle resulted in some unusually large monthly revisions to estimates for March 2020. 

The “Frequently asked questions” document at www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faqapril-2020.pdf extensively discusses the impact of a misclassification in the household survey on the 

national estimates for April 2020. This misclassification was widespread geographically, with BLS 

analysis indicating that all states were affected to at least some degree. However, according to usual 

practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad 

hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. Hence, the household survey estimates of employed 

and unemployed people that serve as the primary inputs to the state models were affected to varying 

degrees by the misclassification, which in turn affected the official LAUS estimates for April 2020. 
-4-

Due to the effects of the pandemic and efforts to contain the virus, Puerto Rico was not able to conduct 

normal data collection for its household survey in March or April 2020; therefore, its data were not 

published. Household data for Puerto Rico are not modeled, but rather are derived from a monthly 

household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. 
-5-

State Rate p

Alaska .............................................................. 12.9

Arizona ............................................................. 12.6

California .......................................................... 15.5

Colorado ........................................................... 11.3

Delaware .......................................................... 14.3

Florida .............................................................. 12.9

Georgia ............................................................ 11.9

Hawaii .............................................................. 22.3

Idaho ................................................................ 11.5

Illinois ............................................................... 16.4

Indiana ............................................................. 16.9

Iowa ................................................................. 10.2

Kansas ............................................................. 11.2

Kentucky .......................................................... 15.4

Louisiana .......................................................... 14.5

Maine ............................................................... 10.6

Maryland ........................................................... 9.9

Massachusetts ................................................... 15.1

Michigan ........................................................... 22.7

Mississippi ........................................................ 15.4

Montana ............................................................ 11.3

Nebraska .......................................................... 8.3

Nevada ............................................................. 28.2

New Hampshire ................................................. 16.3

New Jersey ....................................................... 15.3

New Mexico ....................................................... 11.3

New York .......................................................... 14.5

North Carolina ................................................... 12.2

North Dakota ..................................................... 8.5

Ohio ................................................................. 16.8

Oklahoma .......................................................... 13.7

Oregon ............................................................. 14.2

Pennsylvania ..................................................... 15.1

Rhode Island ..................................................... 17.0

South Carolina .................................................. 12.1

South Dakota .................................................... 10.2

Tennessee ........................................................ 14.7

Texas ................................................................ 12.8

Utah ................................................................. 9.7

Vermont ............................................................ 15.6

Virginia ............................................................. 10.6

Washington ....................................................... 15.4

Wisconsin ......................................................... 14.1

1

 All state series begin in 1976.

p

 = preliminary.

Table A. States with new series high unemployment rates,

April 2020, seasonally adjusted 1
-6-

State Rate p

United States 1 ................................................ 14.7

Alabama ........................................................... 12.9

Alaska .............................................................. 12.9

Arizona ............................................................. 12.6

Arkansas .......................................................... 10.2

California .......................................................... 15.5

Colorado ........................................................... 11.3

Connecticut ....................................................... 7.9

District of Columbia ........................................... 11.1

Florida .............................................................. 12.9

Georgia ............................................................ 11.9

Hawaii .............................................................. 22.3

Idaho ................................................................ 11.5

Illinois ............................................................... 16.4

Indiana ............................................................. 16.9

Iowa ................................................................. 10.2

Kansas ............................................................. 11.2

Maine ............................................................... 10.6

Maryland ........................................................... 9.9

Michigan ........................................................... 22.7

Minnesota ......................................................... 8.1

Missouri ............................................................ 9.7

Montana ............................................................ 11.3

Nebraska .......................................................... 8.3

Nevada ............................................................. 28.2

New Hampshire ................................................. 16.3

New Mexico ....................................................... 11.3

North Carolina ................................................... 12.2

North Dakota ..................................................... 8.5

Ohio ................................................................. 16.8

Oklahoma .......................................................... 13.7

Rhode Island ..................................................... 17.0

South Carolina .................................................. 12.1

South Dakota .................................................... 10.2

Texas ................................................................ 12.8

Utah ................................................................. 9.7

Vermont ............................................................ 15.6

Virginia ............................................................. 10.6

Wyoming .......................................................... 9.2

1

 Data are not preliminary.

p

 = preliminary.

Table B. States with unemployment rates significantly different from that

of the U.S., April 2020, seasonally adjusted
-7-

Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from March 2020

to April 2020, seasonally adjusted

March 2020 April 2020 p

Alabama ..................................... 3.0 12.9 9.9

Alaska ........................................ 5.2 12.9 7.7

Arizona ....................................... 6.1 12.6 6.5

Arkansas .................................... 5.0 10.2 5.2

California .................................... 5.5 15.5 10.0

Colorado ..................................... 5.2 11.3 6.1

Connecticut ................................. 3.4 7.9 4.5

Delaware .................................... 5.0 14.3 9.3

District of Columbia ..................... 6.0 11.1 5.1

Florida ........................................ 4.4 12.9 8.5

Georgia ...................................... 4.6 11.9 7.3

Hawaii ........................................ 2.4 22.3 19.9

Idaho .......................................... 2.5 11.5 9.0

Illinois ......................................... 4.2 16.4 12.2

Indiana ....................................... 3.0 16.9 13.9

Iowa ........................................... 3.3 10.2 6.9

Kansas ....................................... 2.8 11.2 8.4

Kentucky .................................... 5.2 15.4 10.2

Louisiana .................................... 6.7 14.5 7.8

Maine ......................................... 3.0 10.6 7.6

Maryland ..................................... 3.3 9.9 6.6

Massachusetts ............................. 2.8 15.1 12.3

Michigan ..................................... 4.3 22.7 18.4

Minnesota ................................... 2.9 8.1 5.2

Mississippi .................................. 5.1 15.4 10.3

Missouri ...................................... 3.9 9.7 5.8

Montana ...................................... 3.6 11.3 7.7

Nebraska .................................... 4.0 8.3 4.3

Nevada ....................................... 6.9 28.2 21.3

New Hampshire ........................... 2.4 16.3 13.9

New Jersey ................................. 3.7 15.3 11.6

New Mexico ................................. 6.3 11.3 5.0

New York .................................... 4.1 14.5 10.4

North Carolina ............................. 4.3 12.2 7.9

North Dakota ............................... 2.0 8.5 6.5

Ohio ........................................... 5.8 16.8 11.0

Oklahoma .................................... 2.9 13.7 10.8

Oregon ....................................... 3.5 14.2 10.7

Pennsylvania ............................... 5.8 15.1 9.3

Rhode Island ............................... 4.7 17.0 12.3

South Carolina ............................ 3.2 12.1 8.9

South Dakota .............................. 3.1 10.2 7.1

Tennessee .................................. 3.3 14.7 11.4

Texas .......................................... 5.1 12.8 7.7

Utah ........................................... 3.8 9.7 5.9

Vermont ...................................... 3.1 15.6 12.5

Virginia ....................................... 3.3 10.6 7.3

Washington ................................. 5.1 15.4 10.3

West Virginia .............................. 6.0 15.2 9.2

Wisconsin ................................... 3.1 14.1 11.0

Wyoming .................................... 3.8 9.2 5.4

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-month 

change p
-8-

Table D. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from April 2019

to April 2020, seasonally adjusted

April 2019 April 2020 p

Alabama ..................................... 3.2 12.9 9.7

Alaska ........................................ 6.1 12.9 6.8

Arizona ....................................... 4.8 12.6 7.8

Arkansas .................................... 3.5 10.2 6.7

California .................................... 4.2 15.5 11.3

Colorado ..................................... 2.9 11.3 8.4

Connecticut ................................. 3.7 7.9 4.2

Delaware .................................... 3.6 14.3 10.7

District of Columbia ..................... 5.6 11.1 5.5

Florida ........................................ 3.3 12.9 9.6

Georgia ...................................... 3.6 11.9 8.3

Hawaii ........................................ 2.7 22.3 19.6

Idaho .......................................... 2.9 11.5 8.6

Illinois ......................................... 4.2 16.4 12.2

Indiana ....................................... 3.4 16.9 13.5

Iowa ........................................... 2.7 10.2 7.5

Kansas ....................................... 3.2 11.2 8.0

Kentucky .................................... 4.3 15.4 11.1

Louisiana .................................... 4.5 14.5 10.0

Maine ......................................... 3.1 10.6 7.5

Maryland ..................................... 3.7 9.9 6.2

Massachusetts ............................. 3.0 15.1 12.1

Michigan ..................................... 4.3 22.7 18.4

Minnesota ................................... 3.2 8.1 4.9

Mississippi .................................. 5.3 15.4 10.1

Missouri ...................................... 3.2 9.7 6.5

Montana ...................................... 3.5 11.3 7.8

Nebraska .................................... 3.1 8.3 5.2

Nevada ....................................... 4.0 28.2 24.2

New Hampshire ........................... 2.5 16.3 13.8

New Jersey ................................. 3.4 15.3 11.9

New Mexico ................................. 5.0 11.3 6.3

New York .................................... 4.0 14.5 10.5

North Carolina ............................. 4.1 12.2 8.1

North Dakota ............................... 2.3 8.5 6.2

Ohio ........................................... 4.1 16.8 12.7

Oklahoma .................................... 3.2 13.7 10.5

Oregon ....................................... 4.0 14.2 10.2

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.1 15.1 11.0

Rhode Island ............................... 3.6 17.0 13.4

South Carolina ............................ 3.3 12.1 8.8

South Dakota .............................. 3.2 10.2 7.0

Tennessee .................................. 3.5 14.7 11.2

Texas .......................................... 3.5 12.8 9.3

Utah ........................................... 2.7 9.7 7.0

Vermont ...................................... 2.3 15.6 13.3

Virginia ....................................... 2.9 10.6 7.7

Washington ................................. 4.4 15.4 11.0

West Virginia .............................. 4.7 15.2 10.5

Wisconsin ................................... 3.3 14.1 10.8

Wyoming .................................... 3.5 9.2 5.7

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-year 

change p
-9-

Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from March 2020 to

April 2020, seasonally adjusted

March April

2020 2020 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,076,600 1,866,200 -210,400 -10.1

Alaska ........................................ 325,700 281,900 -43,800 -13.4

Arizona ....................................... 2,964,500 2,676,900 -287,600 -9.7

Arkansas .................................... 1,272,000 1,169,900 -102,100 -8.0

California .................................... 17,394,000 15,049,300 -2,344,700 -13.5

Colorado ..................................... 2,796,900 2,473,400 -323,500 -11.6

Connecticut ................................. 1,677,400 1,411,100 -266,300 -15.9

Delaware .................................... 465,300 390,600 -74,700 -16.1

District of Columbia ..................... 801,200 734,300 -66,900 -8.3

Florida ........................................ 8,976,300 7,910,200 -1,066,100 -11.9

 

Georgia ...................................... 4,618,600 4,126,500 -492,100 -10.7

Hawaii ........................................ 654,300 532,500 -121,800 -18.6

Idaho .......................................... 767,200 687,700 -79,500 -10.4

Illinois ......................................... 6,060,900 5,298,700 -762,200 -12.6

Indiana ....................................... 3,147,200 2,744,800 -402,400 -12.8

Iowa ........................................... 1,572,400 1,395,300 -177,100 -11.3

Kansas ....................................... 1,422,900 1,292,500 -130,400 -9.2

Kentucky .................................... 1,926,900 1,637,300 -289,600 -15.0

Louisiana .................................... 1,960,700 1,721,100 -239,600 -12.2

Maine ......................................... 630,100 531,700 -98,400 -15.6

 

Maryland ..................................... 2,766,300 2,417,000 -349,300 -12.6

Massachusetts ............................. 3,668,800 3,045,800 -623,000 -17.0

Michigan ..................................... 4,422,800 3,413,800 -1,009,000 -22.8

Minnesota ................................... 2,949,800 2,590,000 -359,800 -12.2

Mississippi .................................. 1,154,700 1,037,700 -117,000 -10.1

Missouri ...................................... 2,878,100 2,573,300 -304,800 -10.6

Montana ...................................... 488,600 426,400 -62,200 -12.7

Nebraska .................................... 1,030,000 943,700 -86,300 -8.4

Nevada ....................................... 1,404,600 1,159,800 -244,800 -17.4

New Hampshire ........................... 680,300 572,500 -107,800 -15.8

 

New Jersey ................................. 4,166,800 3,409,100 -757,700 -18.2

New Mexico ................................. 862,100 764,500 -97,600 -11.3

New York .................................... 9,723,100 7,895,800 -1,827,300 -18.8

North Carolina ............................. 4,567,700 3,996,000 -571,700 -12.5

North Dakota ............................... 439,300 396,800 -42,500 -9.7

Ohio ........................................... 5,539,100 4,715,400 -823,700 -14.9

Oklahoma .................................... 1,686,900 1,556,100 -130,800 -7.8

Oregon ....................................... 1,942,500 1,689,100 -253,400 -13.0

Pennsylvania ............................... 6,038,300 5,014,200 -1,024,100 -17.0

Rhode Island ............................... 498,500 409,700 -88,800 -17.8

 

South Carolina ............................ 2,197,700 1,925,000 -272,700 -12.4

South Dakota .............................. 441,000 405,000 -36,000 -8.2

Tennessee .................................. 3,147,800 2,770,900 -376,900 -12.0

Texas .......................................... 12,926,900 11,628,000 -1,298,900 -10.0

Utah ........................................... 1,582,700 1,446,100 -136,600 -8.6

Vermont ...................................... 309,400 248,700 -60,700 -19.6

Virginia ....................................... 4,067,400 3,684,000 -383,400 -9.4

Washington ................................. 3,495,400 2,968,400 -527,000 -15.1

West Virginia .............................. 709,500 619,400 -90,100 -12.7

Wisconsin ................................... 2,967,800 2,528,400 -439,400 -14.8

Wyoming..................................... 286,600 263,800 -22,800 -8.0

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-month change p
-10-

Table F. States with statistically significant employment changes from April 2019 to

April 2020, seasonally adjusted

April April

2019 2020 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,067,400 1,866,200 -201,200 -9.7

Alaska ........................................ 329,900 281,900 -48,000 -14.5

Arizona ....................................... 2,915,300 2,676,900 -238,400 -8.2

Arkansas .................................... 1,277,800 1,169,900 -107,900 -8.4

California .................................... 17,373,300 15,049,300 -2,324,000 -13.4

Colorado ..................................... 2,769,600 2,473,400 -296,200 -10.7

Connecticut ................................. 1,687,900 1,411,100 -276,800 -16.4

Delaware .................................... 465,500 390,600 -74,900 -16.1

District of Columbia ..................... 796,400 734,300 -62,100 -7.8

Florida ........................................ 8,920,700 7,910,200 -1,010,500 -11.3

 

Georgia ...................................... 4,599,600 4,126,500 -473,100 -10.3

Hawaii ........................................ 653,700 532,500 -121,200 -18.5

Idaho .......................................... 755,900 687,700 -68,200 -9.0

Illinois ......................................... 6,121,500 5,298,700 -822,800 -13.4

Indiana ....................................... 3,165,300 2,744,800 -420,500 -13.3

Iowa ........................................... 1,586,500 1,395,300 -191,200 -12.1

Kansas ....................................... 1,425,700 1,292,500 -133,200 -9.3

Kentucky .................................... 1,937,200 1,637,300 -299,900 -15.5

Louisiana .................................... 1,994,200 1,721,100 -273,100 -13.7

Maine ......................................... 634,500 531,700 -102,800 -16.2

 

Maryland ..................................... 2,768,000 2,417,000 -351,000 -12.7

Massachusetts ............................. 3,683,800 3,045,800 -638,000 -17.3

Michigan ..................................... 4,430,900 3,413,800 -1,017,100 -23.0

Minnesota ................................... 2,972,900 2,590,000 -382,900 -12.9

Mississippi .................................. 1,156,300 1,037,700 -118,600 -10.3

Missouri ...................................... 2,901,800 2,573,300 -328,500 -11.3

Montana ...................................... 482,600 426,400 -56,200 -11.6

Nebraska .................................... 1,025,000 943,700 -81,300 -7.9

Nevada ....................................... 1,414,600 1,159,800 -254,800 -18.0

New Hampshire ........................... 684,300 572,500 -111,800 -16.3

 

New Jersey ................................. 4,193,400 3,409,100 -784,300 -18.7

New Mexico ................................. 853,700 764,500 -89,200 -10.4

New York .................................... 9,800,700 7,895,800 -1,904,900 -19.4

North Carolina ............................. 4,564,200 3,996,000 -568,200 -12.4

North Dakota ............................... 439,600 396,800 -42,800 -9.7

Ohio ........................................... 5,592,100 4,715,400 -876,700 -15.7

Oklahoma .................................... 1,704,200 1,556,100 -148,100 -8.7

Oregon ....................................... 1,935,700 1,689,100 -246,600 -12.7

Pennsylvania ............................... 6,058,200 5,014,200 -1,044,000 -17.2

Rhode Island ............................... 503,500 409,700 -93,800 -18.6

 

South Carolina ............................ 2,179,600 1,925,000 -254,600 -11.7

South Dakota .............................. 438,500 405,000 -33,500 -7.6

Tennessee .................................. 3,111,900 2,770,900 -341,000 -11.0

Texas .......................................... 12,738,600 11,628,000 -1,110,600 -8.7

Utah ........................................... 1,555,200 1,446,100 -109,100 -7.0

Vermont ...................................... 316,800 248,700 -68,100 -21.5

Virginia ....................................... 4,049,200 3,684,000 -365,200 -9.0

Washington ................................. 3,456,900 2,968,400 -488,500 -14.1

West Virginia .............................. 722,800 619,400 -103,400 -14.3

Wisconsin ................................... 2,984,000 2,528,400 -455,600 -15.3

Wyoming..................................... 289,800 263,800 -26,000 -9.0

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-year change p
Technical Note

This news release presents civilian labor force and 

unemployment data for states and selected substate areas from 

the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program 

(tables 1 and 2). Also presented are nonfarm payroll

employment estimates by state and industry supersector from 

the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 

4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state 

cooperative endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment—from the 

LAUS program 

 Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment 

data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those 

used for the official national estimates obtained from the 

Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of 

households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program 

measures employed people and unemployed people on a placeof-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian 

noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. 

Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or 

profit in the reference week (typically the week including the 

12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in 

a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job 

from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, 

for such reasons as bad weather, labor-management dispute, 

illness, or vacation. 

 Unemployed people are those who were not employed during 

the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively 

looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week, and were currently available for work; people

on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be 

counted as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of 

employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is 

the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor 

force.

 Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District 

of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 

metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of 

California and New York State are produced using time-series 

models. This method, which underwent substantial 

enhancement at the beginning of 2015, utilizes data from 

several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state 

unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state 

of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los 

Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the 

balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State

are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and 

the balance of New York State. Estimates for the five additional 

substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria 

and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn metropolitan areas and the 

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami BeachKendall, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) 

and their respective balances of state are produced using a 

similar model-based approach.

 Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are

modeled using inputs from the CPS only and controlled to the 

national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their 

respective census division totals. Substate and balance-of-state 

estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to 

their respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling 

model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called real-time 

benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a 

monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A more detailed 

description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS 

upon request.

 Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment 

data for prior years reflect adjustments made after the end of 

each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population 

data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other 

data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical 

data for the most recent five years are revised near the 

beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January 

estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of timesseries models in early 2015, historical data were re-estimated 

back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994.

 Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the 

estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend, 

seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals 

of employed and unemployed people first are adjusted using an 

X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then 

are smoothed using a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space 

(RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of 

employed and unemployed people are summed to derive the 

civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 

calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. 

The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted unemployment 

rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published 

on the BLS website. 

 During estimation for the current year, the smoothedseasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are created 

using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from 

previous observations only. For annual revisions, historical data 

are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

 Area definitions. The substate area data published in this 

release reflect the delineations that were issued by the U.S. 

Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A 

detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment—from the CES program

 Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on 

establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted 

at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; 

those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each 

payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal 

activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North 

American Industry Classification System. 

 Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment

data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where 
possible these data are produced using a "weighted link 

relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month 

weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted 

employment is computed from a sample of establishments 

reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the 

current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by 

the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted link 

relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample 

size meets certain statistical criteria. 

 For some employment series, the sample of establishments is 

very small or highly variable. In these cases, a model-based 

approach is used in estimation. These models use the direct 

sample estimates (described above), combined with forecasts of 

historical (benchmarked) data to decrease volatility in 

estimation. Two different models (Fay-Herriot Model and 

Small Domain Model) are used depending on the industry level 

being estimated. For more detailed information about each 

model, refer to the BLS Handbook of Methods.

 Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted 

annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, 

derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by 

employers who are covered under state unemployment 

insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to 

adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and 

the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment 

for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process 

establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to 

measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the 

subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions 

is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/benchmark.pdf.

 Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are 

seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector level. 

In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total 

is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted 

supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted 

payroll employment total is independently adjusted. Revisions 

to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 

year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.

 Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted 

concurrently, using all available estimates including those for 

the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.

Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for 

the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous 

month’s final estimate in order to incorporate real-time 

estimates. 

 Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation 

procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each 

individual state. BLS independently develops a national 

employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to 

national totals. Because each state series is subject to larger 

sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, 

summing them cumulates individual state-level errors and can 

cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these 

statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" 

employment series, and cautions users that such a series is 

subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

 The estimates presented in this release are based on sample 

surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are 

subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is 

a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs 

by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, 

such as those which can be introduced into the data collection 

and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from 

sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from 

the specific estimation processes used.

 Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment 

rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are cited in the 

analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be 

statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. 

Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month 

generally are cited only if they have been determined to be 

significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 90-percent 

confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error 

measures for unemployment rates and over-the-month and 

over-the-year changes in rates are available at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. The underlying standard error 

measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state 

payroll employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector 

levels are available at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. 

Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

 Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the 

LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll employment from 

the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan 

divisions are available in the news release Metropolitan Area 

Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor 

force, employed people, unemployed people, and 

unemployment rates for approximately 7,500 subnational areas 

are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data 

from the CES program for states and metropolitan areas are 

available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. Information in this 

release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals 

upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay 

Service: (800) 877-8339.
LABOR FORCE DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Number Percent of labor force

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,236,130 2,243,960 2,218,590 2,195,299 71,185 59,655 67,004 283,787 3.2 2.7 3.0 12.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348,294 345,418 344,266 339,863 21,355 20,095 18,015 43,683 6.1 5.8 5.2 12.9

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,516,267 3,613,043 3,578,637 3,540,767 169,458 161,238 219,151 445,461 4.8 4.5 6.1 12.6

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,361,142 1,367,709 1,386,469 1,316,871 48,175 47,802 69,728 133,962 3.5 3.5 5.0 10.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,342,084 19,516,042 19,167,967 18,568,231 806,461 759,328 1,052,163 2,885,334 4.2 3.9 5.5 15.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,093,958 5,179,356 4,982,454 4,754,983 230,642 224,092 336,214 930,780 4.5 4.3 6.7 19.6

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,127,272 3,186,341 3,136,533 3,069,181 90,798 80,264 164,027 347,832 2.9 2.5 5.2 11.3

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,901,072 1,930,453 1,930,836 1,788,425 69,913 72,581 65,620 140,743 3.7 3.8 3.4 7.9

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486,041 489,276 477,377 465,075 17,592 19,233 23,764 66,665 3.6 3.9 5.0 14.3

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408,698 414,353 420,505 403,129 23,039 21,337 25,431 44,874 5.6 5.1 6.0 11.1

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,262,056 10,455,399 10,331,185 9,438,197 337,549 290,724 457,308 1,217,964 3.3 2.8 4.4 12.9

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,377,104 1,392,443 1,330,298 1,222,011 36,724 24,922 49,210 125,906 2.7 1.8 3.7 10.3

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,084,588 5,156,347 5,156,973 4,875,448 184,199 161,147 239,219 581,820 3.6 3.1 4.6 11.9

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662,973 669,072 665,727 627,435 18,196 17,857 15,957 139,892 2.7 2.7 2.4 22.3

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876,762 891,661 894,632 891,791 25,841 23,839 21,974 102,975 2.9 2.7 2.5 11.5

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,452,156 6,398,665 6,294,250 6,114,820 270,974 218,785 264,127 1,004,365 4.2 3.4 4.2 16.4

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,724,379 3,693,130 3,752,451 3,637,461 146,469 116,148 187,141 578,965 3.9 3.1 5.0 15.9

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,382,499 3,396,229 3,277,678 3,237,228 115,589 105,189 99,892 545,909 3.4 3.1 3.0 16.9

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,727,448 1,752,621 1,722,018 1,711,542 47,044 49,270 56,574 175,306 2.7 2.8 3.3 10.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482,224 1,496,525 1,508,551 1,496,890 47,113 46,789 42,644 168,317 3.2 3.1 2.8 11.2

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,063,803 2,084,089 2,066,275 2,060,553 88,049 88,138 107,953 318,274 4.3 4.2 5.2 15.4

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,087,912 2,109,980 2,126,568 1,938,029 93,416 109,854 141,641 281,572 4.5 5.2 6.7 14.5

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691,620 695,029 695,329 666,461 21,207 22,036 21,047 70,753 3.1 3.2 3.0 10.6

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,251,116 3,280,277 3,284,708 3,064,478 119,764 107,394 109,315 304,444 3.7 3.3 3.3 9.9

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,801,080 3,834,827 3,771,967 3,407,253 113,738 106,572 106,920 515,658 3.0 2.8 2.8 15.1

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,931,798 4,950,186 4,902,508 4,612,191 210,984 180,318 208,831 1,048,250 4.3 3.6 4.3 22.7

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,157,449 2,165,403 2,171,238 1,954,974 98,015 83,700 99,147 422,414 4.5 3.9 4.6 21.6

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,098,456 3,121,329 3,094,328 3,062,734 99,433 96,125 88,826 249,453 3.2 3.1 2.9 8.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,271,594 1,276,458 1,267,089 1,190,862 67,634 68,464 64,286 183,012 5.3 5.4 5.1 15.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,065,263 3,111,767 3,145,755 3,031,602 97,761 109,616 121,587 292,690 3.2 3.5 3.9 9.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531,418 537,336 538,777 522,712 18,448 18,694 19,218 58,919 3.5 3.5 3.6 11.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,032,977 1,042,449 1,062,553 1,058,099 32,082 30,016 42,628 87,550 3.1 2.9 4.0 8.3

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,535,719 1,559,544 1,566,217 1,419,398 61,956 56,205 107,760 400,520 4.0 3.6 6.9 28.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,521 779,532 766,087 721,862 19,514 19,935 18,108 117,568 2.5 2.6 2.4 16.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,455,716 4,564,128 4,588,196 4,469,885 150,892 173,873 168,368 685,545 3.4 3.8 3.7 15.3

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950,371 961,807 968,682 920,840 47,118 46,008 61,054 104,408 5.0 4.8 6.3 11.3

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,495,586 9,551,655 9,411,433 9,103,780 380,581 354,066 388,738 1,320,297 4.0 3.7 4.1 14.5

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,075,662 4,051,665 3,944,212 3,756,944 171,050 137,391 160,306 533,319 4.2 3.4 4.1 14.2

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,061,879 5,114,662 4,971,240 4,685,501 205,196 182,606 215,700 573,118 4.1 3.6 4.3 12.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403,330 404,488 405,729 407,099 9,468 9,037 8,125 34,802 2.3 2.2 2.0 8.5

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,787,762 5,829,126 5,776,221 5,701,182 236,411 240,841 334,454 957,366 4.1 4.1 5.8 16.8

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041,416 1,041,551 1,009,700 995,546 41,986 42,325 70,483 205,259 4.0 4.1 7.0 20.6

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,837,101 1,844,257 1,829,828 1,767,597 59,038 58,430 53,727 242,677 3.2 3.2 2.9 13.7

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,103,937 2,105,508 2,110,900 2,112,738 84,396 69,042 72,890 300,420 4.0 3.3 3.5 14.2

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,449,195 6,558,419 6,542,916 6,451,516 267,030 309,028 379,490 975,740 4.1 4.7 5.8 15.1

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554,273 558,531 565,163 530,587 20,064 18,780 26,460 90,310 3.6 3.4 4.7 17.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371,542 2,391,855 2,405,171 2,377,911 77,671 58,631 76,369 288,022 3.3 2.5 3.2 12.1

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462,504 467,108 468,175 470,079 14,976 15,610 14,297 48,081 3.2 3.3 3.1 10.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,329,501 3,365,849 3,375,134 3,209,198 115,418 114,321 112,742 471,212 3.5 3.4 3.3 14.7

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,946,357 14,199,564 14,004,479 12,954,396 484,458 492,454 715,827 1,656,638 3.5 3.5 5.1 12.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596,715 1,630,650 1,625,383 1,604,761 43,654 40,451 62,448 155,810 2.7 2.5 3.8 9.7

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343,481 340,142 340,607 349,761 8,036 8,195 10,523 54,490 2.3 2.4 3.1 15.6

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,385,945 4,462,573 4,439,350 4,297,739 126,330 117,249 145,294 453,923 2.9 2.6 3.3 10.6

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,889,585 3,962,518 3,890,678 3,957,292 172,451 151,533 198,560 610,721 4.4 3.8 5.1 15.4

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719,683 1,744,633 1,709,383 1,713,231 51,136 44,652 95,851 247,839 3.0 2.6 5.6 14.5

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791,876 806,570 823,300 771,601 37,524 39,743 49,712 117,134 4.7 4.9 6.0 15.2

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,101,367 3,108,814 3,088,813 3,095,523 101,377 108,875 96,325 437,359 3.3 3.5 3.1 14.1

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291,796 294,176 295,500 297,653 10,152 10,880 11,198 27,358 3.5 3.7 3.8 9.2

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,086,920 1,048,791 – – 91,126 92,713 – – 8.4 8.8 – –

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

– Data not available

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
LABOR FORCE DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

March April Number Percent of labor force

2019 2020 2019 2020p

March April March April

2019 2020 2019 2020p 2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,246,183 2,227,113 2,235,992 2,195,170 77,314 67,046 58,992 290,998 3.4 3.0 2.6 13.3

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345,061 340,653 343,620 334,747 23,455 19,953 21,609 45,980 6.8 5.9 6.3 13.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,521,017 3,588,453 3,504,642 3,541,277 165,883 220,450 157,118 458,154 4.7 6.1 4.5 12.9

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358,425 1,378,026 1,359,511 1,310,898 47,229 66,943 41,249 134,572 3.5 4.9 3.0 10.3

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,393,147 19,192,116 19,238,934 18,519,433 864,141 1,106,405 733,781 2,989,198 4.5 5.8 3.8 16.1

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,116,385 4,996,564 5,077,081 4,759,763 229,562 327,503 205,882 968,385 4.5 6.6 4.1 20.3

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,114,112 3,120,125 3,109,558 3,046,679 97,015 167,668 85,675 364,834 3.1 5.4 2.8 12.0

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896,122 1,920,978 1,886,447 1,761,770 75,987 69,052 62,637 140,663 4.0 3.6 3.3 8.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486,109 477,155 486,111 463,346 17,869 24,084 16,882 68,510 3.7 5.0 3.5 14.8

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409,447 421,750 409,186 403,204 22,965 24,835 20,741 44,838 5.6 5.9 5.1 11.1

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,264,830 10,320,947 10,229,389 9,406,704 330,228 446,380 298,056 1,253,979 3.2 4.3 2.9 13.3

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,366,682 1,317,241 1,383,594 1,215,918 38,833 50,060 34,190 144,294 2.8 3.8 2.5 11.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,102,935 5,167,293 5,064,999 4,872,842 182,864 233,410 158,519 596,017 3.6 4.5 3.1 12.2

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665,482 667,544 663,211 633,025 17,942 15,049 17,225 148,980 2.7 2.3 2.6 23.5

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870,361 889,902 872,118 881,126 30,707 27,030 25,898 104,199 3.5 3.0 3.0 11.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,458,721 6,267,000 6,413,186 6,115,743 286,272 262,659 234,005 1,032,810 4.4 4.2 3.6 16.9

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,729,765 3,746,491 3,699,535 3,639,494 143,941 176,979 130,568 640,336 3.9 4.7 3.5 17.6

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,391,157 3,273,454 3,373,458 3,230,276 126,893 104,961 96,412 553,940 3.7 3.2 2.9 17.1

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723,627 1,716,518 1,724,077 1,708,648 55,431 61,910 42,760 183,215 3.2 3.6 2.5 10.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,476,085 1,501,963 1,473,233 1,495,940 49,849 43,497 41,220 174,016 3.4 2.9 2.8 11.6

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,072,300 2,066,706 2,063,511 2,056,469 97,348 110,123 80,609 331,023 4.7 5.3 3.9 16.1

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,082,795 2,129,078 2,082,577 1,928,325 85,628 135,115 78,569 280,233 4.1 6.3 3.8 14.5

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685,242 688,274 685,039 655,667 26,477 25,057 22,976 73,818 3.9 3.6 3.4 11.3

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,239,714 3,276,247 3,226,095 3,036,946 121,415 114,717 103,809 306,034 3.7 3.5 3.2 10.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,801,221 3,763,557 3,784,300 3,386,216 124,631 111,438 103,672 538,660 3.3 3.0 2.7 15.9

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,937,472 4,899,683 4,884,834 4,576,253 228,961 197,754 179,338 1,089,279 4.6 4.0 3.7 23.8

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,158,185 2,165,074 2,124,913 1,929,715 100,870 100,381 78,881 471,785 4.7 4.6 3.7 24.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,090,439 3,086,604 3,085,711 3,052,783 121,301 107,672 94,899 262,518 3.9 3.5 3.1 8.6

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269,582 1,268,451 1,267,432 1,191,786 64,742 60,590 60,185 186,051 5.1 4.8 4.7 15.6

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,068,119 3,138,290 3,060,323 3,032,362 112,909 123,340 82,667 296,394 3.7 3.9 2.7 9.8

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527,703 535,146 528,624 518,439 22,162 22,642 17,703 61,461 4.2 4.2 3.3 11.9

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029,235 1,059,311 1,031,872 1,058,500 34,777 44,580 30,397 91,220 3.4 4.2 2.9 8.6

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,530,663 1,561,501 1,531,684 1,424,696 62,206 107,252 59,974 424,605 4.1 6.9 3.9 29.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770,508 764,208 765,976 713,552 22,725 21,078 19,243 122,573 2.9 2.8 2.5 17.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,450,191 4,565,536 4,422,942 4,455,935 164,678 168,965 124,804 707,163 3.7 3.7 2.8 15.9

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945,164 962,996 944,960 912,946 45,161 60,045 41,959 103,972 4.8 6.2 4.4 11.4

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,529,122 9,431,634 9,449,425 9,042,703 400,570 400,782 342,246 1,357,286 4.2 4.2 3.6 15.0

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,104,356 3,976,657 4,062,716 3,733,165 174,953 160,969 150,740 543,672 4.3 4.0 3.7 14.6

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,072,312 4,979,418 5,050,492 4,675,542 203,528 212,807 178,912 585,304 4.0 4.3 3.5 12.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399,926 402,720 401,447 405,229 12,136 10,807 9,963 37,311 3.0 2.7 2.5 9.2

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,774,816 5,729,866 5,752,958 5,676,170 244,786 311,030 202,345 989,327 4.2 5.4 3.5 17.4

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036,143 1,001,147 1,041,403 1,004,957 44,343 71,348 37,502 232,626 4.3 7.1 3.6 23.1

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,837,114 1,827,638 1,828,940 1,765,229 59,370 53,922 50,819 251,894 3.2 3.0 2.8 14.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096,772 2,104,141 2,092,686 2,101,681 94,455 81,967 80,230 311,793 4.5 3.9 3.8 14.8

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,431,249 6,500,739 6,400,636 6,406,424 275,015 381,669 226,869 995,168 4.3 5.9 3.5 15.5

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549,669 560,847 548,414 523,111 21,490 27,927 17,630 93,319 3.9 5.0 3.2 17.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,370,345 2,403,025 2,363,633 2,369,620 79,731 72,853 60,382 289,686 3.4 3.0 2.6 12.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459,822 465,585 460,099 468,288 16,563 15,725 15,271 51,298 3.6 3.4 3.3 11.0

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,330,420 3,381,975 3,323,559 3,217,232 116,176 109,312 96,887 482,905 3.5 3.2 2.9 15.0

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,976,212 14,031,076 13,922,611 12,931,307 489,883 718,736 417,640 1,687,248 3.5 5.1 3.0 13.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590,434 1,622,006 1,590,603 1,596,305 48,291 65,980 42,102 164,164 3.0 4.1 2.6 10.3

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343,679 339,886 340,621 347,914 9,206 11,615 8,649 58,492 2.7 3.4 2.5 16.8

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,392,682 4,445,359 4,380,461 4,306,921 131,359 147,817 106,476 465,888 3.0 3.3 2.4 10.8

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,889,343 3,895,060 3,875,503 3,932,156 187,240 209,204 160,332 622,779 4.8 5.4 4.1 15.8

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,728,706 1,719,235 1,716,736 1,705,664 52,310 96,975 40,918 277,468 3.0 5.6 2.4 16.3

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784,130 812,584 789,799 775,157 41,124 50,094 35,643 122,798 5.2 6.2 4.5 15.8

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,096,679 3,073,342 3,082,421 3,072,892 117,577 103,192 97,631 449,312 3.8 3.4 3.2 14.6

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289,806 293,605 288,723 294,311 11,211 12,754 9,980 28,208 3.9 4.3 3.5 9.6

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073,349 – 1,081,928 – 99,258 – 84,380 – 9.2 – 7.8 –

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

– Data not available

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total1 Construction Manufacturing

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,067.4 2,085.0 2,076.6 1,866.2 93.1 94.7 94.3 89.1 268.2 270.7 273.1 248.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.9 329.8 325.7 281.9 16.5 16.5 16.4 13.2 12.8 12.1 11.6 10.8

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,915.3 2,986.4 2,964.5 2,676.9 169.1 174.7 172.7 169.1 176.5 177.7 177.0 174.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.8 1,281.6 1,272.0 1,169.9 52.8 53.7 54.5 52.8 162.5 160.2 158.8 150.6

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,373.3 17,604.5 17,394.0 15,049.3 879.5 896.9 878.5 746.4 1,327.1 1,315.7 1,303.7 1,185.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,769.6 2,813.4 2,796.9 2,473.4 177.7 179.7 178.8 166.1 149.7 150.6 149.9 139.6

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,687.9 1,699.5 1,677.4 1,411.1 60.7 60.5 60.2 49.6 162.0 162.5 162.8 149.5

Delaware2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465.5 472.4 465.3 390.6 22.9 23.2 23.0 20.9 27.4 27.0 26.8 24.4

District of Columbia2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796.4 803.9 801.2 734.3 14.8 14.8 14.7 13.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,920.7 9,071.6 8,976.3 7,910.2 560.2 583.7 582.3 559.3 382.5 388.7 389.1 357.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,599.6 4,652.1 4,618.6 4,126.5 202.9 204.8 204.8 193.4 407.4 402.4 400.0 360.4

Hawaii2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653.7 658.1 654.3 532.5 37.4 38.0 38.2 37.4 14.1 14.0 14.0 10.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755.9 771.8 767.2 687.7 52.0 54.4 54.8 52.1 69.0 68.3 68.1 66.7

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,121.5 6,121.8 6,060.9 5,298.7 229.4 226.6 223.3 200.7 588.7 576.2 573.9 522.9

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,165.3 3,179.6 3,147.2 2,744.8 145.7 152.3 149.1 133.3 543.6 535.1 527.9 449.7

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,586.5 1,581.3 1,572.4 1,395.3 78.0 78.0 77.0 69.7 226.2 223.6 223.1 212.5

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,425.7 1,434.3 1,422.9 1,292.5 65.5 66.6 66.9 61.2 167.5 168.3 168.5 158.1

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,937.2 1,947.0 1,926.9 1,637.3 79.9 80.3 80.0 73.4 252.3 251.7 251.3 196.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,994.2 1,995.0 1,960.7 1,721.1 145.2 140.6 138.3 121.6 137.9 135.0 135.6 125.1

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.5 637.3 630.1 531.7 29.5 30.2 29.8 28.1 53.0 53.2 53.6 44.8

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768.0 2,797.1 2,766.3 2,417.0 165.5 173.2 173.2 158.6 112.6 113.8 113.3 98.9

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,683.8 3,712.6 3,668.8 3,045.8 162.5 163.3 161.8 101.8 244.3 245.2 243.3 221.9

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,430.9 4,461.5 4,422.8 3,413.8 171.2 182.2 178.5 100.0 629.9 623.7 618.6 444.6

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,972.9 2,977.6 2,949.8 2,590.0 123.7 125.5 125.1 114.1 324.3 323.1 321.7 298.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156.3 1,163.2 1,154.7 1,037.7 43.5 42.8 42.2 41.0 146.7 148.2 147.6 136.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,901.8 2,912.6 2,878.1 2,573.3 126.9 130.7 128.9 117.9 277.5 277.3 274.6 239.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.6 489.4 488.6 426.4 29.5 31.4 31.4 29.8 21.1 20.5 20.3 18.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025.0 1,037.2 1,030.0 943.7 53.1 55.4 55.3 54.1 99.6 99.5 99.4 96.4

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414.6 1,426.3 1,404.6 1,159.8 95.0 99.4 103.3 95.5 59.4 59.3 58.9 54.6

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.3 690.3 680.3 572.5 27.5 29.1 29.3 26.1 71.7 71.4 71.0 65.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,193.4 4,241.9 4,166.8 3,409.1 160.0 166.6 166.2 122.4 252.1 253.0 253.0 219.1

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853.7 866.7 862.1 764.5 48.7 52.8 54.4 49.4 28.4 29.4 28.7 23.6

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,800.7 9,847.3 9,723.1 7,895.8 408.7 411.0 407.0 240.8 441.8 438.8 437.5 357.2

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,564.2 4,612.0 4,567.7 3,996.0 230.6 231.9 231.5 219.0 477.7 477.8 472.7 421.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.6 441.1 439.3 396.8 28.0 29.6 29.3 28.5 26.4 26.1 25.8 25.0

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,592.1 5,599.1 5,539.1 4,715.4 227.2 229.1 227.2 187.8 702.8 700.2 698.1 601.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,704.2 1,700.7 1,686.9 1,556.1 83.0 81.2 80.8 76.2 141.7 138.1 135.6 130.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,935.7 1,955.7 1,942.5 1,689.1 108.3 110.8 111.5 99.5 198.5 195.0 194.7 183.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,058.2 6,109.6 6,038.3 5,014.2 261.7 266.2 259.6 158.7 576.7 576.6 573.2 499.2

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.5 508.4 498.5 409.7 20.2 20.3 20.1 17.4 39.8 39.4 39.4 37.2

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,179.6 2,217.1 2,197.7 1,925.0 106.5 109.9 109.0 102.9 258.1 258.2 258.4 245.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.5 444.3 441.0 405.0 23.0 24.4 24.7 25.2 45.1 44.0 43.7 43.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,111.9 3,158.1 3,147.8 2,770.9 129.7 128.4 129.0 125.3 355.2 355.2 351.7 302.9

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,738.6 13,016.8 12,926.9 11,628.0 767.5 797.0 791.5 729.0 904.8 911.5 906.2 861.9

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,555.2 1,587.4 1,582.7 1,446.1 107.8 114.0 113.0 111.2 136.6 136.1 135.8 134.0

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316.8 314.0 309.4 248.7 15.4 14.7 14.7 7.9 29.9 29.6 29.4 24.6

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,049.2 4,099.9 4,067.4 3,684.0 202.6 203.6 203.4 196.2 244.4 241.7 240.1 233.8

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,456.9 3,520.8 3,495.4 2,968.4 219.0 226.5 228.8 147.8 293.6 293.7 291.5 264.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722.8 711.4 709.5 619.4 36.9 33.1 32.9 30.3 47.3 46.3 46.3 43.6

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,984.0 2,993.7 2,967.8 2,528.4 123.8 127.2 127.5 116.4 484.9 482.9 482.9 442.1

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289.8 288.5 286.6 263.8 22.6 22.3 22.0 21.5 10.2 10.2 10.1 10.0

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877.5 885.0 884.9 788.8 26.6 25.7 25.3 18.5 74.9 75.4 74.9 71.3

Virgin Islands3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 38.4 38.3 35.2 3.4 4.0 4.0 3.9 – – – –

1

Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.

2 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

3 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.7 384.7 382.8 367.6 96.1 96.7 96.1 93.4 249.6 251.8 250.8 218.6

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 65.9 65.9 60.2 11.6 11.9 11.6 10.8 27.9 27.2 27.3 25.4

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.8 552.4 554.6 497.9 228.4 232.4 230.6 228.9 440.7 448.5 445.0 412.9

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.2 253.3 252.8 240.7 62.8 62.0 62.1 61.3 145.2 147.0 147.8 136.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,047.0 3,063.9 3,055.0 2,666.3 838.1 851.7 852.9 821.6 2,713.5 2,743.2 2,718.9 2,476.1

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.8 480.6 477.5 435.7 173.3 175.2 175.7 170.2 435.6 450.1 453.2 424.7

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.8 293.7 291.8 241.4 123.8 124.3 123.0 120.4 219.6 222.5 224.1 197.8

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 82.7 82.7 69.9 47.9 47.6 47.3 47.1 63.3 65.4 64.9 55.8

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 34.2 34.4 28.0 29.8 29.9 29.9 29.3 169.9 173.4 174.4 169.4

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,796.9 1,821.4 1,816.1 1,651.8 588.0 596.4 596.9 570.9 1,388.0 1,409.1 1,398.0 1,270.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941.3 954.4 953.3 911.7 249.5 252.1 251.9 238.2 716.3 715.7 708.0 636.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.6 123.1 122.3 106.2 30.0 29.5 29.4 27.8 73.5 74.5 74.1 67.5

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.6 146.1 147.2 139.3 36.6 37.1 37.3 37.2 95.6 99.9 99.5 94.4

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,206.0 1,203.7 1,195.8 1,096.0 410.7 412.7 410.6 402.1 947.3 932.9 921.3 827.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601.1 601.8 598.9 557.0 141.7 143.0 141.6 139.2 345.4 343.1 342.0 301.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.6 307.3 307.4 284.7 109.9 110.1 110.5 107.5 139.6 137.2 136.3 122.4

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267.7 267.7 266.7 255.6 77.3 78.5 77.3 76.7 179.4 179.1 177.4 166.1

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.7 399.6 396.6 354.3 93.3 92.5 92.7 90.9 215.3 220.5 219.8 184.5

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380.2 378.0 375.9 337.9 92.1 92.7 92.7 88.1 216.6 217.1 213.0 196.2

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.9 118.4 117.5 103.5 32.7 33.3 33.3 32.3 69.6 68.2 67.3 61.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468.2 472.1 471.6 416.5 144.0 143.9 143.2 133.9 462.3 473.2 468.3 427.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578.3 581.2 577.3 464.6 223.9 226.0 226.4 219.7 601.2 602.3 604.0 558.4

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794.2 804.8 804.7 645.4 223.2 228.8 229.5 215.2 655.4 658.1 655.4 512.0

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529.8 528.4 526.6 488.5 192.6 191.3 190.5 187.0 384.2 383.5 380.7 355.0

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.8 231.7 230.8 216.9 44.7 44.5 44.1 43.3 107.8 105.1 106.0 94.0

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543.0 542.9 540.3 497.7 174.9 176.2 175.3 170.9 383.1 386.2 384.6 355.1

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.4 95.8 95.5 87.3 25.8 26.8 27.6 26.8 42.7 44.1 44.4 41.0

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.9 199.0 196.4 181.8 74.8 76.3 75.9 75.6 119.3 122.5 121.1 112.8

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.7 258.6 254.6 219.8 68.6 69.7 68.4 67.6 194.8 200.0 197.8 158.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.9 138.8 139.5 116.9 34.8 35.0 34.7 34.5 83.3 84.7 83.9 76.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885.2 894.6 889.8 732.3 252.7 253.5 250.6 237.8 685.9 690.3 680.2 590.1

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.8 138.3 138.6 127.2 35.5 36.4 35.8 32.9 110.9 111.7 110.9 104.6

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,558.7 1,545.7 1,536.1 1,196.0 728.9 724.1 707.3 690.1 1,375.4 1,393.9 1,391.8 1,179.6

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846.8 849.2 841.1 777.9 249.8 259.5 259.9 251.0 647.8 648.5 646.4 590.7

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.3 92.8 93.0 86.9 24.7 25.3 25.3 25.0 32.7 33.3 33.0 32.3

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,022.7 1,026.8 1,018.6 902.7 309.4 307.3 306.1 293.6 737.8 732.6 729.2 628.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.4 303.1 302.9 284.4 79.6 79.5 79.2 79.5 194.5 192.5 190.4 168.7

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.8 359.9 358.2 328.6 103.1 104.0 103.6 98.0 252.8 254.9 254.4 235.2

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125.4 1,129.1 1,129.1 940.2 329.0 334.3 336.1 329.0 814.2 821.4 815.4 739.3

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 78.5 78.1 66.5 35.2 35.8 35.6 33.9 68.1 68.4 67.3 57.2

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.4 410.2 408.7 380.8 104.2 104.0 103.4 98.5 297.1 305.4 303.8 263.1

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 86.4 85.9 80.3 29.0 29.1 29.0 29.0 33.0 33.6 33.5 33.4

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.9 653.6 652.0 612.6 171.5 174.2 176.9 169.7 425.6 429.9 429.7 383.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,503.0 2,548.6 2,541.6 2,367.7 796.4 812.8 816.2 800.3 1,781.0 1,843.1 1,835.8 1,687.2

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290.7 295.1 296.3 274.0 89.4 91.2 91.2 86.1 223.9 223.9 224.7 216.3

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 53.7 52.9 43.3 12.3 11.9 12.0 11.1 29.0 29.6 29.0 23.8

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.4 662.0 660.8 611.7 211.3 217.4 219.3 214.2 763.4 777.4 773.9 730.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641.5 655.2 653.3 585.5 159.9 160.5 159.0 151.4 432.9 447.2 446.6 411.3

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.2 125.7 125.3 111.1 29.2 29.3 29.3 26.7 69.3 68.5 68.2 63.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.8 532.7 531.3 478.3 154.3 155.7 154.9 152.2 328.0 329.4 319.5 288.9

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 51.6 52.0 49.9 11.2 11.3 11.3 11.0 19.1 18.8 18.3 17.7

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.2 174.6 173.8 148.9 43.9 45.0 44.8 43.3 123.3 123.8 121.1 108.9

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 7.1 7.0 6.0 – – – – – – – –

1 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Apr.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.4 252.0 249.1 221.8 209.1 209.9 205.5 121.6 390.1 395.1 395.6 389.0

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.9 51.1 50.0 45.5 35.9 36.7 34.4 17.3 80.2 79.2 79.4 73.0

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456.7 477.4 474.4 437.6 328.7 338.4 325.7 202.2 419.4 426.8 426.5 415.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.2 197.6 194.4 174.6 120.2 120.0 115.6 79.7 211.7 210.4 210.5 204.0

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,786.7 2,853.8 2,828.5 2,548.1 2,028.9 2,055.3 1,960.4 1,094.2 2,601.2 2,631.8 2,633.5 2,532.5

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.1 351.5 348.6 304.8 342.8 345.3 333.0 184.9 452.6 462.3 464.7 452.6

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.2 344.0 339.3 294.1 158.6 157.9 144.6 72.1 235.9 237.3 235.1 215.2

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 81.8 81.1 67.5 53.0 53.4 49.5 23.0 66.3 68.4 67.9 65.8

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.9 129.2 128.2 120.1 81.6 81.9 78.6 34.6 238.1 239.7 239.7 239.5

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,331.9 1,363.7 1,358.5 1,241.3 1,252.4 1,280.0 1,211.5 732.2 1,121.0 1,130.3 1,130.7 1,100.1

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.9 629.4 625.1 572.6 497.7 508.0 493.3 286.6 689.7 692.3 689.8 674.2

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.5 88.2 87.6 82.7 126.2 127.2 125.8 55.8 125.9 126.7 127.0 114.3

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.2 111.7 109.7 95.7 82.2 84.6 82.5 47.6 126.5 129.3 128.8 123.5

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.0 949.9 945.7 858.9 621.5 623.5 596.3 301.0 822.3 834.1 835.4 786.4

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.9 487.2 485.1 430.9 313.9 314.3 302.7 186.7 425.2 433.6 431.8 409.9

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.3 234.7 233.6 215.9 144.1 146.3 142.2 73.7 261.1 261.6 261.5 237.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.3 204.4 201.7 181.8 130.2 132.9 127.4 77.2 259.7 260.3 260.8 252.0

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.9 287.3 285.5 250.1 202.0 206.7 194.5 112.4 311.0 311.6 310.9 294.9

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.8 323.3 314.3 285.2 237.3 243.2 226.7 128.5 331.3 332.2 332.4 321.7

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.8 130.0 128.6 110.8 69.4 69.9 66.7 27.3 100.9 101.6 100.9 96.2

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.0 474.4 472.5 421.1 283.2 289.8 272.6 152.6 506.4 504.4 504.4 492.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.4 819.5 813.4 727.5 375.6 382.5 354.3 138.1 456.2 458.1 458.9 433.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680.7 683.5 676.3 567.0 435.2 435.3 416.6 179.9 611.6 617.3 617.1 582.9

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.1 549.2 544.7 491.0 274.2 280.4 269.2 122.8 426.0 427.3 426.4 401.3

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.1 148.6 147.9 134.3 136.1 139.8 136.7 84.2 241.4 243.8 241.0 235.5

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.8 483.6 479.7 461.3 308.2 310.6 290.3 156.0 436.0 437.0 436.5 423.0

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.9 80.1 79.1 73.1 67.1 67.1 66.4 34.2 90.5 91.2 91.5 87.5

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.9 159.5 159.8 149.6 93.7 96.1 92.4 59.4 173.3 173.8 174.0 167.5

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.9 146.4 145.0 128.7 356.4 354.4 338.5 216.3 164.5 166.8 167.1 158.1

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.6 125.4 123.3 109.9 73.6 73.3 70.2 27.9 90.2 91.3 88.9 82.6

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.0 730.6 721.0 607.9 394.2 404.0 379.5 143.0 604.9 607.9 587.4 579.8

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.6 143.9 143.1 130.5 99.6 98.5 95.8 55.8 187.4 189.9 190.4 184.2

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134.0 2,174.6 2,155.0 1,911.8 964.4 967.4 902.0 324.3 1,487.4 1,488.7 1,490.9 1,428.2

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.8 624.5 620.1 556.9 513.8 535.8 512.1 262.3 731.5 737.6 738.3 712.3

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 68.2 68.2 64.3 40.3 41.1 39.8 19.4 82.7 83.3 83.5 78.6

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939.6 948.4 940.5 840.6 569.8 577.9 544.2 280.7 788.1 782.3 781.8 739.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.2 240.9 240.2 229.0 173.2 176.3 167.9 117.6 351.8 356.9 356.9 346.7

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.0 303.9 302.4 270.6 213.0 216.8 208.4 94.7 297.8 301.9 300.7 287.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,292.1 1,309.2 1,293.4 1,146.7 577.3 584.0 553.2 230.2 704.2 709.0 706.9 688.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.6 110.9 108.3 91.1 59.8 61.2 56.5 21.5 65.5 66.0 65.3 64.3

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257.1 259.7 258.3 229.4 268.9 281.7 267.7 142.4 370.4 376.6 377.6 361.3

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.5 74.6 74.3 70.1 47.1 48.5 46.4 27.8 79.8 80.2 80.2 74.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.5 449.3 446.7 411.5 346.5 356.6 352.2 194.1 437.4 438.8 439.3 425.7

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731.4 1,776.4 1,768.2 1,605.4 1,384.5 1,428.9 1,370.7 840.5 1,962.6 1,992.2 1,993.6 1,954.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208.7 214.1 214.6 201.4 152.2 162.3 157.4 86.5 255.0 257.2 257.1 250.4

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 65.4 64.6 55.7 37.7 36.6 34.6 14.8 56.6 57.3 57.0 54.6

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.0 561.6 555.2 497.8 409.8 423.4 402.2 240.8 728.3 733.9 734.5 703.0

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.8 506.3 505.6 438.9 347.8 356.0 337.3 159.6 584.7 592.3 592.2 563.7

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.1 129.5 129.0 117.2 75.5 74.6 73.7 36.3 151.8 151.7 152.3 142.6

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462.2 471.0 467.5 412.0 285.2 286.0 278.0 121.0 406.2 406.7 406.0 352.5

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 29.0 29.1 27.3 36.9 37.2 36.1 23.6 68.7 68.4 68.5 66.8

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.7 121.3 119.9 114.9 79.1 81.9 82.3 47.7 202.1 202.3 207.9 204.2

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 5.1 5.5 5.4 3.9 10.4 10.6 10.9 10.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total Mining and logging Construction

March April March April March April

2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,061.4 2,073.8 2,071.3 1,872.1 10.2 9.8 10.0 9.6 93.0 93.3 93.6 90.1

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317.9 315.1 322.5 278.1 13.1 12.9 13.2 12.5 14.2 14.5 15.3 12.5

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,929.6 2,981.1 2,930.1 2,697.8 13.3 13.7 13.3 13.8 167.0 172.5 168.8 168.3

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.2 1,269.8 1,283.2 1,172.0 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.2 51.1 53.0 52.4 51.6

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,309.2 17,347.2 17,352.1 15,060.6 21.7 21.9 21.9 21.5 860.8 858.5 870.9 744.9

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,749.6 2,782.9 2,760.9 2,462.7 29.3 26.9 29.3 26.0 172.0 173.4 175.6 162.6

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,667.5 1,659.3 1,684.4 1,412.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 54.9 55.2 59.5 48.7

Delaware1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.0 459.8 464.9 390.5 – – – – 22.8 22.3 23.0 20.8

District of Columbia1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796.6 799.8 797.7 734.4 – – – – 14.8 14.5 14.8 13.4

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,965.4 9,024.5 8,964.2 7,950.1 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.4 559.6 579.1 558.7 554.3

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,592.5 4,604.9 4,598.1 4,129.3 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.0 202.1 203.8 201.8 194.1

Hawaii1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.8 656.7 652.9 532.4 – – – – 37.4 38.0 37.0 36.4

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745.4 758.9 753.4 684.7 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.3 49.0 51.7 51.1 51.1

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,048.7 5,985.4 6,102.1 5,293.2 8.0 7.7 8.6 7.3 210.1 204.2 224.1 195.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,156.5 3,128.0 3,167.5 2,753.4 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.4 138.3 141.0 144.0 133.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,567.4 1,553.7 1,591.5 1,397.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 67.1 66.2 76.6 68.4

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,411.8 1,416.0 1,431.3 1,296.6 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.1 61.4 63.7 65.6 61.6

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,924.5 1,911.9 1,935.9 1,641.7 10.7 7.9 10.5 6.3 77.0 76.6 79.2 73.0

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,992.1 1,959.6 2,000.8 1,727.6 36.7 35.4 37.0 31.4 148.0 138.1 144.7 122.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.4 611.8 623.5 523.7 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.8 27.1 27.1 28.3 25.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,746.1 2,746.6 2,765.3 2,418.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 162.1 168.5 164.0 157.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,631.1 3,608.0 3,674.3 3,041.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 150.5 149.9 159.3 98.4

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,394.4 4,380.9 4,412.5 3,403.7 7.1 7.0 7.1 6.8 156.7 164.8 164.0 93.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,922.6 2,900.5 2,956.8 2,569.3 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4 108.0 108.2 117.5 105.0

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156.1 1,153.3 1,159.7 1,039.9 6.9 6.5 6.9 6.5 44.3 42.1 43.9 40.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,877.4 2,860.9 2,915.3 2,583.8 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3 120.4 122.9 125.7 116.4

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.7 478.7 478.9 422.0 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.7 25.8 27.7 28.7 28.1

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,012.5 1,019.5 1,024.6 942.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 48.4 51.8 52.8 53.4

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,408.0 1,396.8 1,413.8 1,158.8 14.8 14.3 14.6 14.0 93.5 101.5 94.5 94.6

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678.9 672.7 681.2 570.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 26.0 27.4 26.8 25.0

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,134.8 4,111.8 4,171.5 3,407.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 151.5 157.8 158.4 120.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851.8 859.2 856.8 766.0 26.3 25.6 25.9 22.7 47.8 53.6 48.7 48.9

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,698.3 9,636.6 9,784.5 7,889.4 4.8 4.8 5.2 4.8 386.4 383.8 401.8 234.1

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,546.8 4,552.4 4,571.1 4,009.2 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5 228.9 229.7 229.8 217.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431.4 431.9 436.8 392.1 21.3 19.4 21.3 16.6 23.2 24.8 25.6 25.4

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,527.8 5,480.1 5,584.8 4,710.9 12.1 11.3 12.2 11.2 209.8 211.3 222.4 185.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,700.8 1,680.9 1,706.3 1,560.8 51.6 42.1 51.2 38.9 82.1 79.3 81.8 76.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,923.0 1,931.4 1,935.6 1,688.9 6.7 6.5 6.8 6.0 105.0 107.2 106.6 97.3

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,010.1 5,990.7 6,071.8 5,031.4 29.5 26.9 29.6 24.8 243.5 244.2 259.6 156.0

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.7 489.0 502.2 409.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 18.2 18.1 19.8 16.5

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,168.3 2,190.0 2,187.1 1,933.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 105.6 108.0 106.4 103.1

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431.2 433.0 435.3 400.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 20.3 22.2 22.0 24.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,096.5 3,137.0 3,115.5 2,775.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.2 126.8 127.5 129.3 124.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,688.7 12,899.2 12,728.7 11,630.6 254.5 232.2 254.7 207.2 763.0 785.4 767.6 727.7

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542.7 1,581.0 1,556.8 1,445.9 9.4 8.9 9.3 8.8 104.4 110.6 106.6 110.0

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.7 310.5 314.3 246.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 13.6 12.5 14.3 6.5

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,023.6 4,045.2 4,052.4 3,692.2 8.0 7.7 8.0 7.5 198.9 199.4 201.5 195.7

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,422.1 3,473.4 3,449.7 2,964.9 5.8 5.4 5.9 4.9 212.8 224.6 216.7 145.3

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.7 704.7 722.4 620.0 23.0 20.8 22.9 20.5 33.2 30.4 35.5 29.2

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,944.1 2,930.2 2,973.3 2,518.0 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.9 112.3 116.4 120.2 111.5

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.7 280.7 284.3 257.9 21.0 19.7 20.7 18.1 20.6 20.2 22.0 20.8

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880.4 884.1 876.8 786.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 26.7 25.0 26.2 18.2

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 38.5 36.7 35.2 – – – – 3.4 4.0 3.3 3.8

1 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information

March April March April March April

2019 2020 2019 2020p

2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.6 272.6 267.5 248.4 380.2 381.2 380.9 365.1 21.9 21.0 21.8 18.8

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 10.7 11.6 9.2 61.1 62.0 62.4 58.2 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.1

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.0 176.6 175.8 172.7 537.8 552.3 536.2 494.9 48.6 48.8 48.4 43.1

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.8 158.1 161.9 150.5 250.2 251.0 250.7 239.2 11.4 10.9 11.4 10.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319.4 1,299.5 1,317.6 1,180.5 3,007.8 3,019.2 3,005.5 2,632.5 563.3 586.5 546.0 549.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.7 149.5 149.4 139.2 470.5 473.1 468.7 430.4 75.3 75.5 75.6 75.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.4 161.9 161.3 149.4 287.0 287.7 286.7 239.0 31.4 31.3 31.2 30.0

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 26.7 27.3 24.3 80.3 81.5 80.4 69.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.4

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 32.5 34.4 32.7 28.2 19.7 21.0 19.6 20.4

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.4 389.6 382.1 358.0 1,793.4 1,812.4 1,787.0 1,644.4 139.2 138.7 139.3 129.1

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.7 399.2 406.6 359.8 936.2 949.6 934.8 908.1 118.0 115.6 115.6 112.9

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 13.9 14.0 10.7 123.4 121.7 122.3 105.2 8.7 8.4 8.0 8.2

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 67.5 68.6 66.4 142.2 145.1 143.2 137.5 8.8 9.1 8.9 7.3

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.8 571.6 586.9 521.7 1,189.3 1,178.8 1,193.8 1,086.7 95.5 95.1 95.0 88.1

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.8 526.7 541.9 448.4 594.0 592.5 595.5 554.3 28.7 28.5 28.7 26.9

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.0 221.8 225.7 211.4 306.5 302.6 309.1 281.8 21.6 20.4 21.5 19.9

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.1 168.2 167.3 157.2 263.3 263.7 265.2 252.8 18.1 17.9 18.2 16.4

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.5 251.2 251.8 197.0 400.2 392.4 398.9 352.9 21.8 20.2 21.6 18.4

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.8 135.1 137.5 125.0 377.9 374.2 378.4 336.5 23.0 21.1 23.7 20.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 52.4 52.3 44.0 114.7 113.5 115.6 100.2 7.2 7.4 7.1 5.7

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.2 112.8 112.3 98.7 460.7 465.1 460.9 413.0 35.5 34.1 35.3 27.5

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.4 242.0 243.4 221.0 567.2 566.0 568.9 458.9 90.3 93.6 90.4 92.4

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630.9 615.9 628.1 442.9 779.9 790.5 783.2 638.1 55.2 54.4 54.9 50.9

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.3 317.2 321.5 295.9 520.6 517.5 524.9 481.3 46.5 45.2 46.8 43.3

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.9 147.5 146.5 136.0 229.4 229.3 230.3 215.8 10.9 10.4 10.8 10.3

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.4 274.7 277.3 240.0 538.3 535.2 540.4 495.2 48.4 46.4 48.2 41.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 19.9 20.8 17.9 92.9 94.1 93.5 86.7 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.4

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.9 98.9 99.3 95.8 196.4 194.2 197.6 180.5 17.3 16.7 17.3 16.3

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 58.5 59.2 54.3 256.0 250.9 256.4 216.9 15.6 15.4 16.4 15.0

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 70.6 71.4 65.2 136.7 136.2 137.5 114.8 12.3 12.3 12.2 11.6

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.9 251.7 250.9 218.5 872.7 877.6 871.2 723.6 66.7 65.5 66.8 60.3

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 28.3 28.0 23.4 135.6 136.9 135.9 126.6 11.2 10.7 10.7 10.4

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.3 435.9 439.4 355.3 1,533.0 1,513.0 1,538.8 1,181.5 276.0 275.8 277.0 267.5

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476.5 470.8 475.5 419.8 837.0 834.0 839.1 774.3 76.0 78.6 75.2 70.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 25.6 26.2 24.7 92.5 91.9 93.7 86.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.3

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701.2 697.7 700.6 600.1 1,008.4 1,003.9 1,011.1 892.7 69.6 69.3 69.2 64.0

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.8 135.4 141.5 130.6 296.8 299.6 297.4 282.2 19.6 19.1 19.6 19.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.8 192.5 197.1 181.7 349.6 352.8 351.0 324.5 34.1 35.5 34.6 32.3

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.3 571.1 575.6 497.3 1,111.2 1,113.5 1,115.3 933.3 86.0 85.4 85.8 77.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.8 39.5 39.8 37.2 75.5 76.3 76.0 65.7 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.1

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257.3 258.4 258.2 245.2 403.2 405.3 404.0 379.1 27.1 27.6 27.7 26.9

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 43.6 44.9 42.7 84.4 84.4 85.1 79.4 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.3

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.1 350.6 355.2 301.9 629.6 645.9 630.4 608.8 44.2 45.5 45.1 43.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901.7 904.1 902.4 858.8 2,477.2 2,521.2 2,479.2 2,350.7 207.3 209.7 208.8 198.0

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.0 135.5 136.1 134.1 286.6 294.0 288.0 272.6 38.7 40.7 39.1 39.6

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 29.0 29.6 24.5 53.6 52.1 53.6 42.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.3 239.9 243.8 233.2 650.5 651.1 652.8 605.0 67.5 67.8 67.5 65.8

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.6 289.6 291.3 261.5 630.1 644.6 633.0 579.3 140.7 147.8 140.3 144.5

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 46.2 47.2 43.6 126.2 123.6 126.3 109.6 8.1 7.6 8.0 7.2

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.2 478.0 481.3 438.1 527.0 521.4 529.9 470.8 46.7 45.2 46.3 40.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.7 51.1 51.0 51.2 48.8 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 74.8 74.3 70.6 173.9 173.1 172.4 148.1 16.4 16.2 16.0 15.5

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services

March April March April March April

2019 2020 2019 2020p

2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 95.7 95.5 93.7 248.9 249.1 250.4 219.6 246.9 249.3 248.2 222.9

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 11.4 11.4 10.7 26.6 26.5 27.2 25.0 50.8 50.5 51.1 45.9

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227.2 230.7 228.1 228.0 439.0 443.3 439.0 413.5 458.2 477.3 459.1 440.1

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 61.3 62.6 60.9 146.3 148.0 146.8 137.7 193.9 195.2 193.9 174.9

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832.2 850.2 835.0 817.8 2,689.1 2,705.2 2,702.6 2,466.6 2,796.7 2,843.7 2,799.3 2,562.9

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.3 174.5 172.7 169.2 426.2 445.3 433.8 421.8 345.0 349.7 346.1 305.8

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.9 122.9 122.9 119.7 213.8 219.6 220.0 198.3 338.7 339.1 341.1 297.7

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 47.1 47.7 46.8 62.1 63.6 63.0 55.9 81.4 81.2 81.4 67.7

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 29.7 29.7 29.2 168.7 173.2 169.3 168.6 134.2 130.8 133.0 121.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585.1 596.7 587.8 570.4 1,381.8 1,395.0 1,388.3 1,273.6 1,334.6 1,363.9 1,339.3 1,247.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.8 251.7 248.5 237.3 712.6 701.7 712.5 636.1 604.6 626.9 605.2 574.5

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 29.3 29.9 27.5 74.6 74.3 73.2 67.8 88.0 87.8 86.8 82.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 37.1 36.4 37.1 93.2 98.4 95.4 93.3 110.7 110.0 111.0 96.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.3 408.5 409.4 399.5 924.2 895.4 936.5 825.2 940.3 951.0 941.9 867.7

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.8 140.0 140.9 136.9 338.9 335.5 344.9 301.6 483.4 488.6 483.4 434.2

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.1 109.6 109.4 106.7 136.2 133.2 140.3 122.6 239.7 236.7 239.5 218.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 76.6 77.0 76.1 175.8 174.6 179.7 166.3 201.3 202.3 201.7 182.7

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7 92.2 92.7 90.3 211.6 215.7 212.7 183.5 281.3 285.5 283.3 250.7

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.5 92.4 91.9 88.0 216.5 212.5 217.9 197.0 317.9 315.0 320.6 286.1

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 32.9 32.3 31.8 67.9 65.6 68.8 61.0 129.1 129.4 129.7 112.4

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.2 142.0 143.3 133.7 455.8 462.9 461.1 426.2 475.7 475.7 475.8 424.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.4 223.8 221.9 218.9 583.8 588.5 599.3 558.5 819.1 817.0 820.1 735.4

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.8 227.2 221.7 213.7 653.1 650.4 655.2 511.7 681.6 679.0 683.1 570.0

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.1 189.4 191.5 186.1 374.8 372.4 381.8 352.6 550.6 544.4 554.5 493.7

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 43.8 44.5 43.3 107.9 105.2 107.9 94.6 147.0 149.0 147.1 135.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.1 174.5 174.5 170.3 377.9 382.2 385.3 358.4 481.1 478.9 486.2 462.9

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 27.3 25.5 26.5 41.4 43.1 42.4 41.0 78.9 79.8 79.3 73.6

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 75.6 74.6 75.4 116.6 119.3 119.3 112.6 157.4 160.1 156.9 149.5

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 68.3 68.4 67.2 192.0 196.1 194.4 158.7 143.4 144.3 144.0 128.6

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.3 34.5 34.1 81.4 81.4 82.7 75.8 127.7 126.1 127.9 112.9

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.6 248.2 251.2 235.2 668.8 666.6 682.2 588.8 720.4 727.0 720.5 613.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 35.7 35.5 32.9 109.7 109.3 111.2 103.5 141.3 143.8 141.8 131.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720.7 700.5 721.4 685.6 1,346.5 1,373.1 1,368.8 1,178.3 2,163.3 2,182.1 2,172.1 1,944.9

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.9 258.1 248.4 250.2 643.5 639.8 646.7 591.4 624.6 622.2 627.7 559.6

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.7 25.2 24.7 24.9 31.8 32.1 32.3 31.5 67.0 68.1 67.6 64.4

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.2 303.4 308.1 291.8 719.0 713.5 735.8 624.1 939.3 946.2 943.2 847.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 79.1 79.5 79.7 192.4 186.7 194.5 168.0 237.8 240.1 238.5 229.5

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.0 103.1 102.5 97.6 249.9 252.1 252.9 234.8 303.3 305.5 303.4 273.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.5 334.3 327.1 326.7 798.7 799.3 815.2 740.9 1,306.9 1,310.0 1,311.3 1,163.8

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 35.1 35.1 33.6 66.2 65.1 68.0 57.2 110.4 110.0 110.9 93.2

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.9 102.2 104.0 97.7 295.4 301.4 297.4 265.3 257.7 259.8 257.7 229.9

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 28.9 28.9 28.9 32.2 33.1 32.9 32.7 73.5 74.8 72.8 70.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.0 176.4 171.0 169.1 419.1 424.4 423.5 380.9 442.5 448.5 440.1 413.9

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789.9 811.1 792.7 796.5 1,762.3 1,825.4 1,775.1 1,688.1 1,724.4 1,765.4 1,731.7 1,608.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.9 90.5 88.8 85.6 218.6 220.6 222.5 214.9 211.8 216.7 212.1 203.3

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 11.7 12.1 11.0 28.1 27.9 28.6 23.5 69.4 66.6 67.8 57.8

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.1 218.3 210.4 213.6 753.7 765.7 762.4 730.7 556.9 557.6 557.2 502.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.1 158.1 158.8 150.9 425.3 441.1 430.9 410.3 502.6 509.3 504.2 443.1

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 29.2 29.1 26.7 68.4 67.4 69.3 63.5 129.3 129.3 129.4 117.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.0 153.9 153.2 151.5 321.7 315.3 325.7 288.2 462.2 468.8 463.0 413.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 11.2 11.1 10.9 18.3 17.6 18.7 17.4 28.8 29.3 28.6 27.4

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.9 44.7 43.6 43.3 124.4 121.1 122.6 108.5 121.0 120.8 120.8 115.4

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Leisure and hospitality Other services Government

March April March April March April

2019 2020 2019 2020p

2019 2020 2019 2020p2019 2020 2019 2020p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206.4 203.5 211.9 124.0 99.0 98.2 99.5 88.2 391.2 400.1 392.0 391.7

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 30.5 32.4 15.9 10.8 10.7 10.9 8.1 81.3 80.2 81.7 75.0

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336.9 332.4 336.1 209.8 94.1 95.1 94.2 82.2 431.5 438.4 431.1 431.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.0 114.3 122.1 80.7 59.4 58.6 59.6 53.7 215.1 213.8 216.0 207.4

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,011.0 1,940.2 2,032.3 1,098.6 570.7 551.7 575.5 412.4 2,636.5 2,670.6 2,645.5 2,573.9

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.8 333.3 339.5 181.5 111.5 112.2 112.1 92.5 456.0 469.5 458.1 458.5

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.2 136.4 155.3 69.8 64.7 63.5 65.2 39.9 242.0 241.2 240.7 219.5

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 46.0 51.7 21.9 18.3 18.3 18.7 12.9 67.9 69.4 67.9 67.2

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.8 78.0 83.6 35.2 76.9 78.3 77.0 77.6 237.1 238.6 236.6 238.7

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284.5 1,237.5 1,278.4 752.4 355.5 350.8 355.1 292.1 1,143.5 1,155.1 1,142.4 1,122.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.6 487.6 504.2 292.1 163.7 164.6 165.1 129.0 694.7 694.9 694.4 676.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.0 125.8 125.7 55.7 28.6 27.7 28.3 21.6 129.1 129.8 127.7 116.4

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.2 79.8 80.9 46.3 26.0 26.2 26.3 20.1 128.2 130.7 128.6 125.7

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600.4 574.3 618.4 297.6 254.1 253.7 255.4 206.9 831.7 845.1 832.1 796.7

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.0 295.7 314.3 188.7 134.2 133.7 133.9 104.1 439.4 440.3 434.0 419.4

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.0 136.5 143.7 73.2 57.2 57.9 57.5 49.5 264.6 266.6 265.8 242.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.3 124.0 130.7 77.7 51.1 51.5 52.4 41.4 264.3 266.9 266.7 258.3

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.3 188.5 204.4 115.2 65.8 67.3 66.0 55.9 314.6 314.4 314.8 298.5

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.1 225.6 239.3 130.4 73.9 75.0 74.0 64.6 332.8 335.2 335.8 326.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 56.1 62.3 24.0 21.9 22.3 22.0 18.5 103.0 102.9 103.3 98.4

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.2 259.4 280.3 150.5 114.3 111.1 115.0 86.8 516.1 513.7 516.0 499.7

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.2 326.9 365.2 126.6 136.5 131.5 137.8 86.1 464.8 467.9 467.0 444.3

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.1 397.5 424.9 172.2 164.7 162.9 165.5 108.2 625.3 631.3 624.8 595.5

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.1 254.6 267.6 119.0 112.5 113.0 114.1 81.9 429.7 432.3 430.3 404.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.7 134.8 137.9 85.1 40.4 41.5 40.4 35.2 244.3 243.2 243.5 237.1

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.5 280.9 310.3 154.8 115.6 115.4 116.9 105.9 443.4 445.6 446.1 434.0

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 62.8 65.1 31.6 18.8 18.8 19.1 16.3 91.0 92.1 91.4 88.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.8 89.1 93.6 59.2 36.8 37.8 37.0 29.6 173.5 175.1 175.1 169.5

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.5 336.8 358.3 217.5 41.0 40.5 41.6 31.3 167.6 170.2 166.0 160.7

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 64.7 68.8 24.1 24.8 26.1 25.0 20.4 94.6 92.7 93.5 85.5

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.3 349.5 380.6 137.8 170.4 169.4 173.0 114.3 613.2 597.1 615.4 593.9

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.9 94.6 99.7 55.7 28.4 27.1 28.5 22.7 190.6 193.6 190.9 187.7

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922.1 855.9 945.4 307.4 411.4 411.6 415.4 291.1 1,495.8 1,500.1 1,499.2 1,438.9

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.4 498.0 512.6 261.9 158.2 160.5 158.5 128.3 750.1 755.1 751.9 730.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.3 38.7 39.6 19.0 15.2 15.2 15.6 14.3 84.2 84.8 84.2 79.8

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548.6 519.0 566.6 276.1 211.5 211.4 212.9 164.9 801.1 793.1 802.7 753.1

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.9 166.2 175.2 119.7 70.4 71.0 70.4 65.0 357.4 362.3 356.7 351.9

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207.3 202.4 211.3 94.0 64.2 66.1 64.8 53.9 304.1 307.7 304.6 293.7

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.7 529.5 573.0 228.2 259.1 255.2 260.4 179.9 718.7 721.3 718.9 703.1

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 51.2 57.5 20.3 22.8 21.9 22.9 15.1 66.3 66.1 66.3 65.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.4 263.3 273.6 146.4 78.6 78.8 79.3 70.1 373.7 380.8 374.4 365.4

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.6 42.3 45.1 26.3 16.5 16.5 16.6 15.3 80.4 80.9 80.7 74.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337.7 345.3 348.8 194.3 120.3 119.9 121.2 98.5 446.8 448.6 446.5 435.8

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,378.1 1,361.1 1,391.4 845.9 438.2 456.3 442.7 374.5 1,992.1 2,027.3 1,982.4 1,974.9

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.4 160.1 153.0 86.3 41.6 42.1 41.7 36.5 254.3 261.3 259.6 254.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 36.5 34.9 11.5 10.2 10.0 10.2 8.1 58.0 59.2 58.2 56.1

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.0 392.4 409.0 241.2 200.4 201.5 201.1 181.9 735.3 743.8 738.7 715.4

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337.2 329.7 346.1 158.5 127.0 124.8 128.1 94.2 590.9 598.4 594.4 572.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.4 71.2 75.2 36.0 24.4 23.9 24.8 20.1 153.5 155.1 154.7 146.1

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.0 260.4 276.8 113.1 151.6 150.7 152.2 120.3 414.3 416.3 420.6 366.8

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 33.1 33.3 19.5 16.0 16.0 16.0 14.4 69.5 69.4 69.4 67.7

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 82.0 78.9 47.6 18.0 18.0 18.0 15.2 203.1 207.8 203.5 204.1

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.5 5.3 4.0 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 10.5 11.0 10.5 11.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2019 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
TEXAS

N.M.

CALIF.

NEV.

MONT.

ARIZ.

ORE.

S.D.

WYO.

KAN. MO.

N.D.

COLO.

NEB.

GA.

UTAH ILL.

MINN.

LA.

PA.

IDAHO

FLA.

N.

KY.

WIS.

N.C.

VA.

OKLA.

ALA.

ARK.

IOWA

WASH.

MISS.

IND.

OHIO

S.C.

MICH.

TENN.

W.VA.

MD.

Map 1. Unemployment rates by state, seasonally April 2020

(U.S. rate = 14.7 percent)

HAWAII

ALASKA
WASH.

ORE.

CALIF.

IDAHO

NEV.

ARIZ.

MONT.

WYO.

COLO.

N.M.

N.D.

S.D.

NEB.

KAN.

OKLA.

TEXAS

MINN.

IOWA

MO.

ARK.

LA.

WIS.

ILL.

MICH.

IND. OHIO

KY.

TENN.

MISS. ALA. GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA.

W.VA.

PA.

N.Y.

MAINE

N.H.

VT.

MASS.

R.I.

N.J.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

MD. UTAH

ALASKA

HAWAII

D.C.

above -10.0%

-12.9% to -10.0%

-15.9% to -13.0%

-18.9% to -16.0%

below -19.0%

Map 2. Percentage change in nonfarm employment by state,

seasonally adjusted, April 2019 - April 2020