For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 17, 2023 USDL-23-2425 

Technical information: 

 Employment: (202) 691-6559 • sminfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/sae 

 Unemployment: (202) 691-6392 • lausinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lau

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT — OCTOBER 2023 

Unemployment rates were higher in October in 26 states and stable in 24 states and the District of 

Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Twenty-one states had jobless rate 

decreases from a year earlier, 12 states and the District had increases, and 17 states had little change. 

The national unemployment rate, 3.9 percent, changed little both over the month and over the year. 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 1 state and was essentially unchanged in 49 states and the 

District of Columbia in October. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 34 states and 

was essentially unchanged in 16 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force and 

unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. These data pertain to 

individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures 

nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by 

where the establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 

methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

Maryland had the lowest jobless rate in October, 1.7 percent. The next lowest rate was in North Dakota, 

1.9 percent. Nevada had the highest unemployment rate, 5.4 percent. In total, 26 states had 

unemployment rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.9 percent, 4 states and the District of Columbia had 

higher rates, and 20 states had rates that were not appreciably different from that of the nation. (See 

tables A and 1 and map 1.) 

In October, 26 states had over-the-month unemployment rate increases, all of which were 0.2 percentage 

point or 0.1 point. Twenty-four states and the District of Columbia had jobless rates that were not 

notably different from those of a month earlier, though some had changes that were at least as large 

numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)

Twenty-one states had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which was in 

Maryland (-1.5 percentage points). Twelve states and the District of Columbia had rate increases from 

October 2022, the largest of which was in New Jersey (+1.3 percentage points). Seventeen states had 
-2- 

jobless rates that were not notably different from those of a year earlier, though some had changes that 

were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 1 state and was essentially unchanged in 49 states and the 

District of Columbia in October 2023. The only job gain occurred in Florida (+28,400, or +0.3 percent). 

(See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 34 states and was essentially unchanged in 16 

states and the District of Columbia. The largest job gains occurred in Texas (+391,500), California 

(+285,300), and Florida (+278,400). The largest percentage increases occurred in Idaho (+3.5 percent) 

and Nevada (+3.4 percent), followed by Florida and Texas (+2.9 percent each). (See table E and map 2.) 

_____________ 

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for October is scheduled to 

be released on Thursday, November 30, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 

Unemployment news release for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 22, 

2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). 
-3- 

State Rate p

United States 1 ................................................ 3.9

Alabama ........................................................... 2.3

Arkansas .......................................................... 3.1

California .......................................................... 4.8

District of Columbia ........................................... 5.0

Florida .............................................................. 2.8

Hawaii .............................................................. 2.9

Idaho ................................................................ 3.2

Illinois ............................................................... 4.6

Iowa ................................................................. 3.2

Kansas ............................................................. 2.9

Maine ............................................................... 2.8

Maryland ........................................................... 1.7

Massachusetts ................................................... 2.8

Minnesota ......................................................... 3.2

Missouri ............................................................ 3.1

Montana ............................................................ 2.8

Nebraska .......................................................... 2.2

Nevada ............................................................. 5.4

New Hampshire ................................................. 2.1

New Jersey ....................................................... 4.6

North Dakota ..................................................... 1.9

Oklahoma .......................................................... 3.2

Pennsylvania ..................................................... 3.4

Rhode Island ..................................................... 2.7

South Carolina .................................................. 2.9

South Dakota .................................................... 2.0

Utah ................................................................. 2.7

Vermont ............................................................ 2.0

Virginia ............................................................. 2.7

Wisconsin ......................................................... 3.2

Wyoming .......................................................... 2.9

1

 Data are not preliminary.

p

 = preliminary.

Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different from that

of the U.S., October 2023, seasonally adjusted
-4- 

Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from September 2023

to October 2023, seasonally adjusted

September 2023 October 2023 p

Alaska ........................................ 4.1 4.3 0.2

Arizona ....................................... 4.0 4.2 .2

Arkansas .................................... 2.9 3.1 .2

California .................................... 4.7 4.8 .1

Idaho .......................................... 3.1 3.2 .1

Illinois ......................................... 4.4 4.6 .2

Iowa ........................................... 3.0 3.2 .2

Kansas ....................................... 2.8 2.9 .1

Maine ......................................... 2.7 2.8 .1

Massachusetts ............................. 2.6 2.8 .2

Michigan ..................................... 3.9 4.1 .2

Missouri ...................................... 2.9 3.1 .2

Montana ...................................... 2.7 2.8 .1

Nebraska .................................... 2.1 2.2 .1

New Hampshire ........................... 2.0 2.1 .1

New Jersey ................................. 4.4 4.6 .2

New York .................................... 4.0 4.2 .2

Oklahoma .................................... 3.0 3.2 .2

South Dakota .............................. 1.9 2.0 .1

Tennessee .................................. 3.2 3.3 .1

Utah ........................................... 2.6 2.7 .1

Vermont ...................................... 1.9 2.0 .1

Virginia ....................................... 2.5 2.7 .2

Washington ................................. 3.6 3.8 .2

West Virginia .............................. 3.8 4.0 .2

Wisconsin ................................... 3.1 3.2 .1

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-month 

change p
-5- 

Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from October 2022

to October 2023, seasonally adjusted

October 2022 October 2023 p

Alabama ..................................... 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Alaska ........................................ 3.8 4.3 .5

Arkansas .................................... 3.5 3.1 -.4

California .................................... 4.1 4.8 .7

Colorado ..................................... 2.8 3.3 .5

Connecticut ................................. 4.0 3.5 -.5

Delaware .................................... 4.7 4.2 -.5

District of Columbia ..................... 4.2 5.0 .8

Georgia ...................................... 3.1 3.4 .3

Hawaii ........................................ 3.7 2.9 -.8

Idaho .......................................... 2.8 3.2 .4

Indiana ....................................... 3.2 3.6 .4

Maryland ..................................... 3.2 1.7 -1.5

Massachusetts ............................. 3.8 2.8 -1.0

Minnesota ................................... 3.0 3.2 .2

Mississippi .................................. 4.1 3.3 -.8

Missouri ...................................... 2.7 3.1 .4

Nebraska .................................... 2.7 2.2 -.5

New Hampshire ........................... 2.9 2.1 -.8

New Jersey ................................. 3.3 4.6 1.3

New Mexico ................................. 3.5 3.8 .3

North Carolina ............................. 3.9 3.4 -.5

North Dakota ............................... 2.1 1.9 -.2

Ohio ........................................... 4.2 3.6 -.6

Oregon ....................................... 4.8 3.6 -1.2

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.4 3.4 -1.0

Rhode Island ............................... 3.4 2.7 -.7

South Carolina ............................ 3.3 2.9 -.4

Texas .......................................... 3.9 4.1 .2

Utah ........................................... 2.4 2.7 .3

Vermont ...................................... 3.1 2.0 -1.1

Virginia ....................................... 3.1 2.7 -.4

Washington ................................. 4.6 3.8 -.8

Wyoming .................................... 3.9 2.9 -1.0

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-year 

change p
-6- 

Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from September 2023 to

October 2023, seasonally adjusted

September October

2023 2023 p Level Percent

Florida ......................................... 9,795,600 9,824,000 28,400 0.3

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-month change p
-7- 

Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from October 2022 to

October 2023, seasonally adjusted

October October

2022 2023 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,125,000 2,151,500 26,500 1.2

Alaska ........................................ 321,800 328,000 6,200 1.9

Arizona ....................................... 3,113,000 3,167,700 54,700 1.8

California .................................... 17,869,600 18,154,900 285,300 1.6

Connecticut ................................. 1,669,400 1,698,700 29,300 1.8

Delaware .................................... 476,600 486,600 10,000 2.1

Florida ........................................ 9,545,600 9,824,000 278,400 2.9

Georgia ...................................... 4,843,900 4,937,300 93,400 1.9

Idaho .......................................... 834,600 863,500 28,900 3.5

Illinois ......................................... 6,080,600 6,145,900 65,300 1.1

 

Indiana ....................................... 3,221,700 3,284,100 62,400 1.9

Kentucky .................................... 1,982,200 2,034,400 52,200 2.6

Louisiana .................................... 1,929,400 1,972,800 43,400 2.2

Maryland ..................................... 2,715,300 2,759,200 43,900 1.6

Massachusetts ............................. 3,705,600 3,782,700 77,100 2.1

Minnesota ................................... 2,959,900 3,001,300 41,400 1.4

Missouri ...................................... 2,951,400 2,992,700 41,300 1.4

Nevada ....................................... 1,519,100 1,571,300 52,200 3.4

New Hampshire ........................... 690,500 703,500 13,000 1.9

New Jersey ................................. 4,267,300 4,353,000 85,700 2.0

 

New Mexico ................................. 854,500 871,600 17,100 2.0

New York .................................... 9,597,400 9,716,800 119,400 1.2

North Carolina ............................. 4,841,800 4,938,400 96,600 2.0

Ohio ........................................... 5,546,300 5,655,900 109,600 2.0

Oregon ....................................... 1,968,500 2,002,300 33,800 1.7

Pennsylvania ............................... 6,038,900 6,168,100 129,200 2.1

South Carolina ............................ 2,264,800 2,314,000 49,200 2.2

South Dakota .............................. 456,000 466,500 10,500 2.3

Tennessee .................................. 3,277,500 3,317,600 40,100 1.2

Texas .......................................... 13,656,700 14,048,200 391,500 2.9

 

Utah ........................................... 1,692,600 1,732,200 39,600 2.3

Virginia ....................................... 4,106,100 4,164,500 58,400 1.4

Washington ................................. 3,567,800 3,650,400 82,600 2.3

Wyoming .................................... 285,800 293,300 7,500 2.6

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-year change p
Technical Note

This news release presents civilian labor force and 

unemployment data for states and selected substate areas from 

the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program 

(tables 1 and 2). Also presented are nonfarm payroll 

employment estimates by state and industry supersector from 

the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 

4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state 

cooperative endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment—from the 

LAUS program

 Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment 

data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those 

used for the official national estimates obtained from the 

Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of 

households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program 

measures employed people and unemployed people on a place

of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian 

noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. 

Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or 

profit in the reference week (typically the week including the 

12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in 

a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job 

from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, 

for such reasons as bad weather, labor-management dispute, 

illness, or vacation.

 Unemployed people are those who were not employed during 

the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively 

looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week, and were currently available for work; people 

on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be 

counted as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of 

employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is 

the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor 

force.

 Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District 

of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 

metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of 

California and New York State are produced using time-series 

models. This method, which underwent substantial 

enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes data from 

several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state 

unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state 

of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los 

Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the 

balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State 

are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and 

the balance of New York State. Estimates for the five additional 

substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria 

and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn metropolitan areas and the 

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach

Kendall, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) 

and their respective balances of state are produced using a 

similar model-based approach.

 Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are 

modeled using inputs from the CPS only and controlled to the

national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their 

respective census division totals. Substate and balance-of-state 

estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to 

their respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling 

model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called real-time 

benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a 

monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A more detailed 

description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS 

upon request

 Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment 

data for prior years reflect adjustments made after the end of 

each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population 

data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other 

data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical 

data for the most recent five years are revised near the 

beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January 

estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time

series models in 2021, historical data were re-estimated back to 

the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994. 

 Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the 

estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend, 

seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals 

of employed and unemployed people first are adjusted using an 

X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then 

are smoothed using a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space 

(RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of 

employed and unemployed people are summed to derive the 

civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 

calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. 

The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted unemployment 

rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published 

on the BLS website.

 During estimation for the current year, the smoothedseasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are created 

using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from 

previous observations only. For annual revisions, historical data 

are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

 Area definitions. The substate area data published in this 

release reflect the delineations that were issued by the U.S. 

Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A 

detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment—from the CES program

 Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on 

establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted 

at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; 

those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each 

payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal 

activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North 

American Industry Classification System. 

 Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment 

data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where 
possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link 

relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month 

weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted 

employment is computed from a sample of establishments 

reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the 

current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by 

the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted link 

relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample 

size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment 

series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct 

sample estimates (described above) combined with other 

regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

 Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted 

annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, 

derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by 

employers who are covered under state unemployment 

insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to 

adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and 

the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for 

the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process 

establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to 

measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the 

subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions 

is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm. 

 Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are 

seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector level. 

In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total 

is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted 

supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted 

payroll employment total is independently adjusted. Revisions 

to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 

year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.

 Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted 

concurrently, using all available estimates including those for 

the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.

Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for 

the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous 

month’s final estimate. 

 Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation 

procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each 

individual state. BLS independently develops a national 

employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to 

national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative 

sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series. 

Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level errors 

and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due 

to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-ofstates" employment series and cautions users that such a series 

is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

 The estimates presented in this release are based on sample 

surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are 

subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is 

a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs 

by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, 

such as those which can be introduced into the data collection 

and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from 

sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from 

the specific estimation processes used.

 Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment 

rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are cited in the 

analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be 

statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. 

Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month 

generally are cited only if they have been determined to be 

significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 90-percent 

confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error 

measures for unemployment rates and over-the-month and

over-the-year changes in rates are available at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. The underlying standard error 

measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state 

payroll employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector 

levels are available at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. 

Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

 Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the 

LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll employment from 

the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan 

divisions are available in the news release Metropolitan Area 

Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor 

force, employed people, unemployed people, and 

unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas 

are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data 

from the CES program for states and metropolitan areas are 

available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of 

hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services. 
LABOR FORCE DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Number Percent of labor force

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,283,211 2,307,641 2,309,980 2,313,002 60,443 48,590 50,166 52,196 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.3

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356,176 357,789 357,889 357,783 13,451 14,081 14,803 15,393 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.3

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,641,254 3,697,312 3,708,830 3,719,072 147,760 141,617 147,806 154,888 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.2

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,371,549 1,389,539 1,392,374 1,393,177 47,962 37,339 39,933 42,549 3.5 2.7 2.9 3.1

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,274,330 19,402,058 19,384,493 19,373,384 798,481 895,044 913,550 931,250 4.1 4.6 4.7 4.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 4,947,936 5,025,127 5,024,681 5,017,657 230,255 249,881 258,600 261,271 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.2

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,195,674 3,255,054 3,252,584 3,247,032 90,735 99,856 103,522 105,931 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.3

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,913,816 1,896,455 1,897,841 1,898,977 76,777 67,253 65,528 65,662 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495,393 505,531 507,775 509,284 23,094 20,812 21,040 21,420 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.2

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387,812 393,223 394,815 396,686 16,280 19,519 19,642 19,879 4.2 5.0 5.0 5.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,840,406 11,120,875 11,153,440 11,173,838 297,315 302,949 309,379 318,027 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,380,731 1,388,325 1,388,432 1,385,485 34,028 24,390 22,645 22,098 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,232,570 5,322,057 5,339,257 5,349,119 162,849 174,106 178,987 182,959 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679,952 676,405 675,634 675,196 25,264 19,024 19,188 19,417 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954,969 967,205 969,308 971,208 26,780 28,947 30,258 31,465 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,456,564 6,445,102 6,447,523 6,451,170 300,040 266,155 282,442 296,641 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.6

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,847,612 3,817,265 3,807,523 3,805,378 188,470 138,519 147,747 157,745 4.9 3.6 3.9 4.1

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,410,756 3,429,351 3,426,206 3,421,751 108,456 117,400 121,711 123,255 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719,735 1,742,605 1,740,974 1,735,859 53,399 50,242 52,817 55,980 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505,448 1,520,808 1,521,727 1,521,213 44,412 41,743 42,270 44,090 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,040,464 2,049,025 2,045,126 2,040,567 80,787 82,001 84,825 85,525 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,081,232 2,094,455 2,089,785 2,087,201 74,868 68,804 67,923 69,858 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.3

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671,215 683,140 685,525 686,812 20,909 17,148 18,219 19,254 3.1 2.5 2.7 2.8

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,167,557 3,200,086 3,196,920 3,197,321 102,898 54,778 52,673 55,437 3.2 1.7 1.6 1.7

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,729,779 3,717,415 3,715,958 3,721,607 141,226 98,262 96,535 102,727 3.8 2.6 2.6 2.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,833,672 4,966,834 4,989,684 5,013,154 211,726 183,249 192,377 206,982 4.4 3.7 3.9 4.1

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,100,714 2,152,823 2,168,981 2,177,737 78,359 68,508 74,193 83,148 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.8

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085,467 3,112,827 3,114,427 3,114,343 91,263 97,053 97,861 100,080 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,241,648 1,240,173 1,236,078 1,232,823 50,337 39,159 39,628 40,221 4.1 3.2 3.2 3.3

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,067,829 3,129,659 3,130,507 3,129,522 83,150 87,977 91,675 97,812 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569,696 577,719 578,408 579,106 15,191 14,691 15,425 16,404 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.8

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,059,890 1,060,204 1,060,004 1,059,448 28,579 21,145 21,954 23,292 2.7 2.0 2.1 2.2

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568,077 1,591,884 1,600,363 1,607,497 86,926 85,620 86,607 87,235 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769,275 757,831 757,711 759,321 22,351 13,782 15,118 16,299 2.9 1.8 2.0 2.1

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,764,810 4,877,694 4,871,803 4,858,948 158,661 203,340 214,294 223,163 3.3 4.2 4.4 4.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943,372 964,577 965,584 966,554 33,207 35,840 36,165 36,994 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,612,141 9,772,000 9,776,153 9,774,269 398,996 384,655 392,495 409,462 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.2

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,097,792 4,180,172 4,167,577 4,156,394 211,945 219,571 218,904 222,563 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,162,674 5,246,358 5,264,520 5,272,566 202,523 173,531 176,610 179,425 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413,980 418,371 417,748 417,192 8,878 7,890 7,773 7,867 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,717,761 5,820,256 5,818,305 5,808,454 237,500 195,642 199,244 206,850 4.2 3.4 3.4 3.6

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,022,883 1,039,718 1,041,270 1,041,662 46,148 37,372 38,562 39,094 4.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,889,725 1,938,231 1,948,454 1,957,418 60,681 54,368 58,323 62,081 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,184,456 2,144,520 2,143,700 2,144,301 105,522 73,506 74,923 76,592 4.8 3.4 3.5 3.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,478,553 6,499,398 6,497,073 6,499,363 282,194 226,208 221,629 223,308 4.4 3.5 3.4 3.4

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567,243 571,004 571,942 572,861 19,177 15,232 14,892 15,631 3.4 2.7 2.6 2.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371,183 2,455,425 2,461,527 2,465,014 78,074 73,016 71,647 71,886 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.9

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474,966 483,155 483,900 484,748 10,458 9,073 9,420 9,862 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.0

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,321,574 3,380,770 3,386,373 3,393,011 115,978 105,102 108,439 113,506 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,708,526 15,111,776 15,141,194 15,162,138 567,778 622,845 625,468 625,365 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,753,811 1,813,132 1,813,507 1,812,943 42,819 45,772 47,529 49,249 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343,054 348,302 348,862 349,923 10,528 6,407 6,601 7,137 3.1 1.8 1.9 2.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,457,720 4,601,628 4,610,942 4,615,227 139,756 113,102 116,480 122,703 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.7

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,014,624 4,067,213 4,061,138 4,056,188 183,083 145,895 146,934 153,526 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.8

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,781,071 1,821,562 1,821,214 1,817,332 57,648 57,830 59,162 61,194 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784,125 786,433 789,074 790,477 32,257 28,256 30,322 31,978 4.1 3.6 3.8 4.0

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,068,518 3,133,233 3,138,525 3,142,096 93,458 89,517 96,638 102,005 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293,528 299,071 298,664 298,154 11,452 8,739 8,696 8,752 3.9 2.9 2.9 2.9

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,185,197 1,182,328 1,188,161 1,197,592 70,972 72,840 70,862 68,937 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.8

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
LABOR FORCE DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

September October Number Percent of labor force

2022 2023 2022 2023p

September October September October

2022 2023 2022 2023p 2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,281,218 2,312,093 2,290,933 2,329,015 56,385 56,110 56,863 55,711 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356,592 359,226 356,059 357,271 10,720 14,370 11,691 14,603 3.0 4.0 3.3 4.1

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,650,556 3,746,919 3,644,431 3,737,998 146,243 160,052 143,475 163,552 4.0 4.3 3.9 4.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,375,057 1,397,759 1,371,646 1,385,640 44,440 45,213 38,713 39,250 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,315,502 19,459,548 19,337,188 19,408,658 713,729 949,161 756,108 927,891 3.7 4.9 3.9 4.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 4,958,064 5,028,740 4,947,566 4,977,558 213,559 291,800 224,004 247,420 4.3 5.8 4.5 5.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,213,586 3,253,044 3,211,953 3,239,508 81,309 104,983 86,292 103,149 2.5 3.2 2.7 3.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,918,301 1,901,830 1,915,425 1,900,720 69,084 55,977 71,612 63,680 3.6 2.9 3.7 3.4

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491,742 507,836 495,808 509,873 20,714 20,678 22,331 21,414 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.2

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,623 399,274 386,974 401,044 15,899 21,186 16,628 20,945 4.1 5.3 4.3 5.2

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,870,883 11,254,664 10,889,640 11,230,121 295,586 339,546 300,988 341,966 2.7 3.0 2.8 3.0

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,368,450 1,386,511 1,386,267 1,372,822 35,540 21,167 32,713 21,351 2.6 1.5 2.4 1.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,223,304 5,369,816 5,242,508 5,359,846 147,440 184,219 162,062 186,017 2.8 3.4 3.1 3.5

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678,618 673,571 679,409 674,077 25,055 22,379 25,689 20,824 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.1

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955,201 973,600 956,415 975,427 22,090 27,946 22,238 28,736 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.9

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,452,501 6,455,726 6,465,052 6,457,152 274,191 317,720 274,126 292,708 4.2 4.9 4.2 4.5

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,831,468 3,764,748 3,846,330 3,801,196 177,676 176,120 173,271 167,238 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.4

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,398,192 3,397,857 3,418,742 3,415,486 83,602 113,022 100,896 111,136 2.5 3.3 3.0 3.3

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719,102 1,729,790 1,732,271 1,723,913 42,231 50,174 44,360 54,474 2.5 2.9 2.6 3.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503,917 1,525,053 1,509,069 1,520,726 38,397 42,252 40,767 47,306 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.1

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043,521 2,029,942 2,042,280 2,029,926 70,984 84,206 76,593 76,267 3.5 4.1 3.8 3.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,084,547 2,093,434 2,087,756 2,092,654 73,258 74,413 67,550 75,571 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671,831 690,716 673,183 690,052 16,214 17,180 17,000 18,186 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,162,178 3,187,552 3,175,946 3,203,332 92,912 58,503 99,355 68,180 2.9 1.8 3.1 2.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,712,922 3,700,212 3,728,711 3,723,658 131,259 92,980 126,176 97,504 3.5 2.5 3.4 2.6

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,844,442 5,034,702 4,833,488 5,059,637 185,167 196,346 179,221 210,164 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.2

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,117,164 2,221,576 2,118,327 2,197,520 73,455 84,744 71,353 98,301 3.5 3.8 3.4 4.5

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,090,530 3,109,868 3,084,014 3,113,762 67,527 79,468 66,704 85,273 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.7

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,245,917 1,225,165 1,238,819 1,223,182 47,861 37,927 43,478 33,961 3.8 3.1 3.5 2.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,059,338 3,121,358 3,069,616 3,119,676 59,884 81,532 69,888 100,165 2.0 2.6 2.3 3.2

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570,557 578,673 567,873 579,472 11,340 13,734 12,728 16,818 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.9

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054,341 1,056,301 1,058,922 1,057,983 23,044 20,923 24,637 24,383 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.3

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571,408 1,627,027 1,571,951 1,623,208 82,582 87,213 84,592 83,160 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.1

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767,502 758,009 766,420 765,062 19,840 18,282 19,987 16,356 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.1

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,741,051 4,805,287 4,774,158 4,810,468 131,055 221,000 141,366 213,804 2.8 4.6 3.0 4.4

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945,265 964,430 946,664 969,428 31,875 34,051 30,429 35,268 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.6

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,604,546 9,737,340 9,620,116 9,742,797 343,584 387,829 353,782 428,681 3.6 4.0 3.7 4.4

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,069,726 4,095,192 4,100,446 4,133,549 183,574 211,068 204,189 234,978 4.5 5.2 5.0 5.7

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,170,816 5,305,487 5,183,647 5,291,282 178,358 170,185 191,352 176,984 3.4 3.2 3.7 3.3

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416,296 418,652 414,439 416,252 6,324 5,638 5,930 5,698 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,723,583 5,789,959 5,725,406 5,782,687 212,441 200,098 209,159 202,426 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.5

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,020,797 1,036,521 1,021,348 1,039,278 41,976 39,566 39,566 31,771 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.1

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,890,095 1,973,981 1,894,580 1,976,395 56,645 67,099 58,684 67,143 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.4

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,189,826 2,149,050 2,193,626 2,155,402 92,612 75,156 97,715 71,820 4.2 3.5 4.5 3.3

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,498,568 6,500,064 6,516,459 6,533,980 253,059 199,166 255,360 211,028 3.9 3.1 3.9 3.2

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572,005 576,968 567,970 575,266 16,815 13,461 15,604 16,166 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,366,602 2,456,158 2,376,471 2,465,108 70,362 63,038 77,360 73,730 3.0 2.6 3.3 3.0

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474,906 486,220 476,578 488,127 7,868 8,481 9,318 10,056 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,334,048 3,387,956 3,332,954 3,410,214 106,679 116,468 113,030 122,280 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.6

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,685,013 15,178,113 14,731,841 15,183,880 542,893 620,012 542,670 578,529 3.7 4.1 3.7 3.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,754,010 1,803,473 1,757,974 1,810,000 36,763 46,065 38,894 47,962 2.1 2.6 2.2 2.6

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341,703 347,743 341,956 350,994 9,349 7,084 8,006 6,157 2.7 2.0 2.3 1.8

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,447,950 4,622,056 4,467,866 4,614,266 131,653 139,661 130,704 136,702 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,011,679 4,043,909 4,032,756 4,051,907 160,687 147,204 169,444 162,956 4.0 3.6 4.2 4.0

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,786,143 1,814,076 1,781,333 1,794,426 58,297 65,095 60,341 68,504 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785,475 796,984 787,989 793,609 25,501 30,454 26,554 29,502 3.2 3.8 3.4 3.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,081,893 3,145,318 3,075,305 3,147,690 84,835 101,562 79,590 94,404 2.8 3.2 2.6 3.0

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295,451 298,363 293,968 296,567 9,382 7,370 9,967 7,433 3.2 2.5 3.4 2.5

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,172,435 1,203,253 1,176,542 1,217,382 73,825 67,502 76,200 67,322 6.3 5.6 6.5 5.5

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total1 Construction Manufacturing

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,125.0 2,156.9 2,156.2 2,151.5 98.5 102.1 101.7 100.7 277.7 277.7 277.3 276.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.8 327.0 326.3 328.0 16.4 17.1 16.4 16.6 11.4 10.7 11.7 11.6

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,113.0 3,164.2 3,168.9 3,167.7 196.1 202.8 200.1 200.0 195.2 192.9 194.4 194.1

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,347.9 1,367.9 1,364.2 1,360.7 57.9 64.1 64.8 65.6 164.4 164.0 162.2 161.6

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,869.6 18,100.3 18,114.7 18,154.9 917.4 931.6 933.9 938.4 1,347.0 1,337.5 1,333.6 1,337.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,884.6 2,916.3 2,916.2 2,917.7 185.9 181.3 180.1 178.7 153.2 155.4 155.1 155.1

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,669.4 1,691.3 1,695.0 1,698.7 61.2 61.6 60.6 61.2 159.1 157.8 158.8 158.0

Delaware2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476.6 483.6 487.6 486.6 23.8 24.7 24.5 24.3 26.4 27.4 27.6 28.0

District of Columbia2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.2 777.1 780.0 780.0 15.3 15.6 15.8 15.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,545.6 9,776.8 9,795.6 9,824.0 607.1 612.6 612.9 615.4 418.1 424.8 422.1 422.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,843.9 4,925.6 4,938.4 4,937.3 218.1 224.0 224.6 223.7 415.6 418.9 418.3 417.8

Hawaii2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627.3 632.1 633.0 633.9 38.2 37.9 38.1 37.6 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834.6 856.5 859.8 863.5 66.5 70.7 70.2 71.1 72.3 71.4 71.7 72.0

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,080.6 6,149.5 6,160.9 6,145.9 232.8 236.0 236.0 236.7 574.9 565.2 568.2 562.9

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,221.7 3,266.4 3,278.5 3,284.1 160.7 166.5 168.2 170.7 546.0 541.0 541.6 539.8

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,582.0 1,585.7 1,584.2 1,585.1 82.2 81.0 82.5 81.9 225.0 226.9 226.7 227.6

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,437.5 1,444.9 1,449.9 1,453.1 65.5 67.9 68.6 69.3 172.0 170.9 170.8 170.2

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,982.2 2,025.6 2,032.9 2,034.4 82.7 91.1 92.6 95.0 254.5 263.6 261.9 261.7

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,929.4 1,970.0 1,978.8 1,972.8 125.1 140.5 140.2 138.0 136.4 138.4 139.0 138.8

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641.4 647.6 649.2 650.3 32.2 32.9 32.4 32.3 54.8 54.3 54.8 54.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,715.3 2,753.3 2,770.3 2,759.2 160.4 167.1 167.3 165.6 111.3 109.4 109.2 108.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,705.6 3,786.1 3,783.5 3,782.7 170.6 177.7 179.0 180.1 237.1 237.1 236.0 236.1

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,380.0 4,442.8 4,429.1 4,420.5 183.2 192.3 191.3 189.6 603.9 607.3 606.1 597.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,959.9 2,986.8 2,994.3 3,001.3 133.1 139.1 138.6 139.8 325.4 322.7 323.4 321.7

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,172.1 1,168.1 1,174.1 1,172.5 45.8 47.0 47.1 46.3 147.9 145.2 145.9 148.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,951.4 2,983.5 2,987.1 2,992.7 137.5 135.8 132.8 133.1 286.2 284.7 292.1 287.9

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.0 519.8 519.5 521.1 36.4 37.4 37.0 37.2 22.6 23.3 23.2 23.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,033.6 1,043.9 1,046.7 1,047.1 60.0 61.7 61.9 61.7 104.6 106.1 106.5 106.6

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,519.1 1,556.6 1,565.8 1,571.3 109.6 113.2 113.3 113.7 66.5 69.0 69.6 70.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690.5 699.0 702.1 703.5 30.3 31.4 31.5 31.3 70.3 71.5 72.1 71.9

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,267.3 4,339.7 4,346.4 4,353.0 161.8 166.9 164.5 164.5 251.5 253.3 253.8 253.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.5 869.8 871.6 871.6 50.2 53.0 53.2 53.4 29.1 30.0 29.8 29.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,597.4 9,717.4 9,739.5 9,716.8 392.7 396.8 396.6 395.0 427.2 421.4 421.8 421.4

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,841.8 4,938.3 4,946.1 4,938.4 249.6 248.4 247.7 245.6 477.2 474.4 473.3 471.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431.6 436.8 439.0 439.0 27.0 24.9 24.8 24.7 27.5 27.6 27.4 27.5

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,546.3 5,639.7 5,648.2 5,655.9 235.3 244.9 247.0 253.0 686.7 688.0 690.1 689.5

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,712.7 1,732.9 1,735.7 1,735.6 80.3 82.6 83.0 83.2 134.4 136.6 135.8 135.5

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,968.5 2,001.4 2,006.9 2,002.3 116.8 122.7 126.3 127.8 196.3 192.8 192.3 191.4

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,038.9 6,163.3 6,172.8 6,168.1 256.0 265.8 266.5 265.8 567.5 568.2 567.1 564.1

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497.5 494.2 495.7 495.0 21.2 21.7 22.3 21.3 40.2 40.1 40.1 40.2

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,264.8 2,304.9 2,307.9 2,314.0 110.1 111.7 111.4 110.9 262.1 261.4 260.7 261.8

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456.0 463.3 466.1 466.5 26.2 27.3 27.6 27.9 45.3 46.1 45.9 45.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,277.5 3,320.5 3,323.7 3,317.6 150.0 152.3 152.8 149.9 369.1 370.5 370.2 369.0

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,656.7 13,988.0 14,049.5 14,048.2 793.5 813.4 812.4 810.5 942.1 965.3 973.9 973.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,692.6 1,728.5 1,727.2 1,732.2 134.0 134.7 135.6 136.0 151.3 151.3 151.7 151.8

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.4 306.2 307.2 307.7 15.2 15.4 15.4 15.4 28.9 28.1 28.0 27.8

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,106.1 4,157.8 4,164.5 4,164.5 212.6 214.0 210.8 212.6 246.6 245.3 244.9 245.6

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,567.8 3,637.6 3,642.5 3,650.4 238.0 237.7 235.9 235.4 271.2 276.5 275.9 277.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696.1 705.5 706.5 706.2 31.9 33.3 33.0 32.9 46.1 45.5 45.4 45.0

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,981.1 3,009.5 3,015.3 3,013.9 133.6 135.8 136.0 135.1 485.9 480.4 479.6 478.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.8 293.0 293.4 293.3 20.9 23.3 23.0 22.8 10.3 10.5 10.6 10.5

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931.4 950.7 953.1 955.9 33.4 36.8 37.0 36.8 82.7 84.2 83.9 83.9

Virgin Islands2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 35.6 35.6 35.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 – – – –

1

Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.

2 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

3 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.0 410.1 410.4 410.9 102.6 102.7 104.0 101.6 263.6 268.5 265.7 265.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 64.8 64.4 65.6 11.2 11.4 11.5 11.5 27.9 28.4 28.1 28.1

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.5 602.4 604.4 606.9 248.6 252.9 252.5 249.9 468.2 475.5 473.8 470.6

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.9 271.9 271.4 270.7 71.4 70.7 70.2 70.6 152.6 153.5 153.3 151.5

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,147.8 3,146.5 3,153.4 3,160.3 844.0 848.2 847.1 846.8 2,901.7 2,895.4 2,886.7 2,889.2

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.4 496.1 496.4 495.5 178.5 171.5 171.0 171.0 490.0 495.3 496.9 496.9

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294.5 300.1 300.0 302.6 118.1 114.7 114.7 114.4 219.4 223.8 223.6 223.4

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.0 90.7 89.9 89.2 49.6 50.0 50.2 50.0 66.5 66.6 68.7 68.4

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 30.3 30.3 30.6 27.6 28.4 28.3 28.4 174.9 174.9 176.3 176.3

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,950.8 1,995.8 2,004.3 2,015.2 672.4 684.8 687.8 690.2 1,604.9 1,633.7 1,641.2 1,641.0

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029.7 1,025.5 1,024.1 1,022.7 279.0 284.0 284.6 283.1 777.4 769.4 772.7 774.8

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.8 116.8 115.8 115.7 28.2 27.0 26.9 26.8 71.2 71.7 72.0 72.2

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.8 162.5 164.1 164.8 41.4 41.1 42.0 41.3 109.5 112.0 112.3 113.3

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,226.9 1,222.5 1,225.4 1,223.6 404.2 415.6 415.4 412.5 973.4 966.3 963.2 956.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.3 633.2 639.6 640.0 150.4 152.4 153.6 155.2 371.0 379.7 378.6 376.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.1 311.1 310.8 309.4 108.3 107.0 106.3 106.3 145.8 139.5 137.7 139.1

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.9 274.0 274.3 274.1 76.6 75.8 76.0 76.7 186.1 181.9 184.1 184.5

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.3 431.3 434.6 434.0 95.7 93.3 93.2 92.5 233.0 233.2 235.4 237.3

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.3 373.1 372.8 374.3 91.4 94.4 94.7 94.8 219.7 224.1 223.8 220.8

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.7 119.2 120.0 120.6 34.4 33.6 33.7 33.6 76.0 77.2 77.3 77.5

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.7 471.2 471.7 473.2 134.9 133.1 133.6 132.7 474.5 475.2 481.1 478.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567.4 574.7 575.8 576.4 231.7 233.9 233.2 233.5 642.9 655.1 658.1 654.3

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.1 812.5 813.2 814.9 231.1 228.5 228.6 227.8 658.0 661.7 658.9 652.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525.6 533.9 536.0 536.9 193.0 188.5 187.6 186.0 392.1 384.8 381.9 383.8

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.2 242.6 244.7 244.0 44.4 43.4 44.0 44.5 118.7 112.7 113.2 112.1

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.4 559.8 560.9 561.4 186.9 187.2 186.9 188.4 391.9 393.9 392.3 392.2

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.4 99.5 100.5 100.7 28.6 28.3 28.5 28.8 50.7 50.9 51.2 51.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.0 198.9 199.6 199.7 70.3 69.7 69.6 69.6 121.9 118.2 117.5 118.4

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.8 295.7 296.1 296.0 76.1 76.0 76.5 76.4 216.3 224.5 227.9 227.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.5 139.9 141.2 140.4 34.6 34.2 34.3 34.5 98.0 102.4 103.5 104.0

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.6 920.5 919.6 920.3 258.5 259.5 258.9 258.8 721.8 714.5 714.6 716.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.4 142.2 141.7 141.7 34.9 34.6 34.0 33.8 117.5 113.6 112.8 113.2

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485.9 1,464.0 1,458.8 1,459.6 736.9 740.7 737.1 735.7 1,374.1 1,379.5 1,386.7 1,375.0

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.8 936.6 940.1 940.6 294.5 297.8 297.3 296.9 744.6 759.7 764.4 759.5

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.8 91.8 92.2 92.3 24.4 24.1 24.0 24.3 35.0 35.5 35.8 35.9

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058.7 1,055.4 1,059.3 1,054.9 321.5 316.9 317.9 316.2 736.1 736.0 736.4 737.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.0 322.8 322.5 322.3 81.2 82.5 81.4 81.6 203.5 201.3 201.4 201.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.4 362.8 363.3 362.9 107.0 107.9 108.1 107.8 267.4 273.4 274.7 273.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150.8 1,161.6 1,165.0 1,163.6 336.3 339.7 340.5 341.7 847.9 871.1 872.2 864.2

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 75.9 75.2 75.0 35.5 35.2 35.2 35.2 68.6 67.2 66.6 67.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436.4 444.5 444.6 445.9 118.3 121.3 120.5 121.4 314.1 313.1 314.4 316.8

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.3 92.5 93.0 92.3 28.1 27.7 28.1 27.9 36.6 38.5 39.0 39.3

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.5 681.7 682.4 682.3 176.5 175.8 175.1 175.1 469.2 471.3 469.6 470.0

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,746.3 2,785.3 2,799.0 2,804.3 891.7 923.4 926.5 925.2 2,105.8 2,126.4 2,143.3 2,144.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.2 312.7 312.9 313.6 98.2 98.8 97.8 97.4 248.6 251.2 249.5 250.9

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 52.3 52.0 52.3 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 32.0 32.4 32.0 32.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666.2 667.7 668.4 671.3 218.0 217.3 217.7 216.7 811.3 814.8 816.8 814.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.0 618.0 618.8 621.4 165.2 171.0 171.1 169.3 552.7 554.7 560.4 560.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.8 122.0 121.4 121.0 25.7 26.1 25.7 25.8 72.3 72.1 73.1 73.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551.8 552.7 553.0 553.9 160.3 161.0 161.2 161.0 327.3 328.8 330.5 332.0

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 51.8 52.5 52.3 11.5 11.4 11.5 11.5 20.6 21.5 21.4 21.1

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.6 186.3 187.0 187.6 46.3 46.8 46.9 47.5 139.2 140.3 139.8 141.0

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.9 7.0 6.9 – – – – – – – –

1 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Oct.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023

Oct.

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.8 257.2 259.0 258.7 202.1 205.1 204.1 204.0 393.0 400.5 400.3 400.6

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.2 51.8 51.9 52.3 35.4 38.1 36.9 36.6 77.3 78.1 78.4 78.4

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.8 503.8 508.5 512.9 337.5 346.5 347.5 345.5 411.4 427.9 428.7 429.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.6 208.9 209.2 208.5 124.7 133.4 132.4 130.8 209.2 209.8 210.0 210.6

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,988.9 3,111.5 3,128.1 3,141.3 1,980.1 2,054.8 2,065.0 2,070.1 2,547.0 2,585.6 2,585.0 2,587.4

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.5 357.8 360.1 360.5 344.9 362.2 360.4 361.9 455.9 472.5 474.3 476.0

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.2 355.3 356.1 357.5 151.8 155.5 155.1 154.3 226.5 229.6 231.6 231.7

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.2 80.7 81.2 81.6 50.3 53.0 54.5 54.1 67.1 69.1 69.5 69.9

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.7 124.5 125.2 124.7 70.9 76.0 76.5 77.3 235.6 234.7 234.3 233.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417.6 1,494.7 1,499.2 1,507.7 1,269.5 1,300.5 1,297.0 1,298.4 1,096.7 1,117.4 1,119.7 1,122.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640.7 666.8 671.6 674.6 495.9 526.3 528.8 530.7 682.1 699.1 699.8 698.8

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.0 87.8 88.3 89.3 118.0 119.5 119.3 119.1 121.2 122.5 124.0 124.5

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.1 130.3 130.5 132.2 90.6 91.8 92.5 92.4 127.8 133.7 133.8 134.2

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941.6 975.8 979.4 976.5 574.6 597.3 598.3 599.8 798.8 819.4 822.8 827.0

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.2 489.8 489.8 492.2 307.3 315.3 318.7 320.6 410.5 423.7 423.6 425.8

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.4 238.2 238.3 238.4 139.7 142.6 141.6 141.9 258.3 261.0 261.0 262.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.7 209.5 209.6 210.2 132.5 132.6 133.0 133.1 251.4 257.1 257.9 258.7

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.0 304.8 306.2 307.0 198.1 201.3 202.1 200.5 300.3 307.2 306.9 306.6

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327.4 336.7 342.8 339.9 218.0 217.2 218.1 218.5 312.1 317.8 318.8 319.4

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.7 130.0 131.3 131.3 65.3 67.2 66.5 66.7 100.3 100.9 101.0 101.3

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.7 461.6 467.3 465.6 252.6 257.6 259.9 258.6 514.5 532.0 533.4 530.6

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.5 839.5 842.7 846.4 350.4 360.6 360.9 359.7 456.4 469.7 460.6 458.2

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664.4 682.6 678.6 685.0 407.5 417.2 411.5 410.9 596.7 615.1 615.9 616.6

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.1 569.3 574.6 577.8 265.4 267.8 270.7 272.3 412.1 420.0 421.9 423.3

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.9 154.9 156.2 155.4 133.8 132.8 132.4 131.7 233.6 234.8 234.8 234.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.2 504.8 505.6 508.4 303.4 312.7 311.2 314.8 426.7 433.4 434.2 435.0

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.8 84.5 83.8 84.0 70.8 73.0 72.4 73.9 89.6 90.3 90.1 89.4

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.0 161.5 162.8 162.1 93.5 95.9 96.1 96.9 170.6 172.8 173.6 173.5

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.5 169.5 169.8 169.9 349.8 361.3 361.7 363.3 169.3 171.1 176.7 177.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.5 126.4 125.5 126.7 70.8 69.0 70.1 70.6 85.9 87.3 87.1 87.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745.5 783.6 790.9 791.0 385.8 397.4 398.4 400.2 581.3 594.1 596.9 598.1

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.5 147.2 147.6 147.7 95.3 100.4 102.2 100.9 179.7 185.8 187.1 188.3

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148.7 2,259.1 2,273.2 2,271.8 894.5 924.8 920.7 929.4 1,448.9 1,463.1 1,477.2 1,464.8

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659.9 686.9 691.9 692.6 510.8 536.8 534.0 536.4 717.2 733.8 732.3 730.9

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 68.4 69.0 68.7 38.8 40.7 40.9 40.8 82.7 83.5 84.4 84.2

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.9 945.5 950.4 956.7 546.2 578.1 576.5 574.1 764.7 778.0 775.8 777.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.1 250.7 250.6 249.7 177.8 182.6 183.0 182.7 350.2 357.6 361.9 362.9

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.7 316.7 316.7 315.9 203.2 209.5 209.2 207.7 298.8 307.3 307.4 307.7

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284.1 1,321.8 1,329.9 1,332.2 545.2 570.1 565.3 567.4 681.9 688.3 687.0 687.6

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.1 107.4 108.3 107.5 56.9 55.5 56.2 57.0 64.2 64.8 64.7 64.9

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.0 282.4 284.5 284.3 267.3 275.4 275.8 277.3 368.3 375.6 376.5 376.6

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 77.7 78.2 78.5 48.9 47.7 48.5 48.8 80.0 81.4 81.5 81.6

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.7 469.8 472.0 472.4 352.6 359.0 359.8 355.5 437.0 449.3 450.3 452.3

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,829.1 1,898.1 1,914.3 1,914.4 1,433.9 1,472.3 1,474.7 1,469.7 2,016.2 2,064.0 2,068.2 2,068.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.7 234.5 233.7 234.9 165.4 177.2 175.7 177.0 256.0 262.5 263.6 264.0

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 61.3 61.8 62.2 33.0 33.9 34.4 34.2 53.6 56.0 56.6 56.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.0 579.7 582.5 584.3 396.5 406.5 406.3 405.0 721.1 739.2 745.2 741.5

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.7 547.3 551.9 555.6 336.1 350.9 349.4 349.4 571.9 582.4 584.0 587.1

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.6 130.8 131.0 131.5 69.0 69.5 69.2 68.8 148.4 150.2 151.5 151.9

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459.6 474.9 475.3 476.2 267.7 275.9 276.7 273.7 398.0 401.5 404.9 406.3

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 30.5 30.3 30.8 38.2 38.4 39.4 39.7 67.4 68.1 68.2 68.5

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2 125.8 125.6 125.6 88.2 94.4 95.3 95.5 198.7 199.4 200.8 201.1

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 11.0 11.1 11.0 10.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total Mining and logging Construction

September October September October September October

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121.9 2,157.7 2,138.7 2,163.4 9.2 8.4 9.2 8.4 100.0 102.3 99.9 102.1

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.4 335.2 318.3 324.8 11.2 10.8 11.0 10.9 17.9 18.0 17.4 17.6

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,108.3 3,174.1 3,140.2 3,191.3 12.9 14.1 13.0 14.3 197.3 201.5 197.6 201.5

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,347.2 1,366.7 1,358.7 1,370.4 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.0 59.8 66.0 59.4 67.3

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,742.9 18,078.3 17,993.3 18,277.2 20.2 20.1 20.1 20.1 925.6 943.8 932.4 954.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,868.8 2,914.8 2,891.4 2,922.9 20.9 22.4 21.3 22.4 186.7 182.9 189.0 181.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676.9 1,702.9 1,687.9 1,718.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 62.8 62.5 63.6 63.9

Delaware1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.7 488.7 479.7 489.8 – – – – 23.7 24.9 24.1 24.5

District of Columbia1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.6 781.0 772.8 785.3 – – – – 15.5 15.9 15.5 15.8

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,480.7 9,755.3 9,580.9 9,858.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.8 607.9 614.9 609.4 617.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,825.7 4,926.2 4,862.7 4,954.3 9.7 10.0 9.8 10.1 215.5 224.1 218.8 224.5

Hawaii1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621.2 629.9 628.2 634.5 – – – – 37.5 38.3 38.1 37.6

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837.9 863.0 838.5 868.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 68.8 71.6 67.7 72.4

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,089.5 6,192.3 6,141.7 6,205.9 7.2 7.0 7.1 7.1 245.2 250.2 245.6 250.0

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,221.0 3,287.6 3,247.6 3,311.4 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.8 162.6 170.8 163.7 173.4

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574.8 1,587.4 1,600.0 1,602.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 85.6 87.2 87.3 86.8

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426.5 1,451.5 1,449.0 1,466.1 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.5 66.2 69.0 65.9 69.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,985.6 2,038.2 1,991.9 2,044.3 8.4 8.8 8.5 8.8 86.0 96.0 85.0 97.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,927.1 1,975.9 1,942.8 1,985.7 31.7 33.2 31.6 33.2 129.7 140.1 127.9 140.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650.4 660.0 648.3 658.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.6

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,726.2 2,774.0 2,731.2 2,777.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 162.8 169.3 162.3 167.3

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,701.6 3,790.2 3,736.5 3,815.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 174.9 183.4 174.8 185.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,396.3 4,450.5 4,425.9 4,462.5 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.8 193.4 199.0 192.5 197.8

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,955.6 3,004.8 2,991.5 3,034.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 6.7 144.3 150.6 143.6 150.5

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,172.6 1,174.5 1,179.4 1,178.9 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 45.7 47.6 46.4 46.7

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,947.5 2,989.3 2,970.7 3,011.5 4.5 4.8 4.5 4.7 142.1 136.2 141.1 135.8

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.2 523.5 514.4 522.6 6.9 7.0 6.8 7.0 38.5 38.5 38.7 39.2

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,031.5 1,046.7 1,040.4 1,053.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 60.0 62.6 61.1 62.8

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,514.5 1,570.1 1,530.2 1,583.2 15.2 15.2 15.1 15.2 110.3 114.2 110.8 114.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693.5 704.4 694.4 708.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 31.1 32.3 30.8 31.7

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,277.0 4,354.5 4,290.9 4,373.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 168.1 169.2 166.9 169.3

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856.3 871.9 860.4 877.1 21.9 24.6 22.2 24.3 49.8 53.0 50.6 53.9

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,557.2 9,720.1 9,676.1 9,789.3 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5 400.0 406.7 403.3 405.1

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,829.8 4,940.8 4,877.1 4,971.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 249.6 249.3 252.2 248.0

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.6 443.5 436.7 444.9 17.3 19.8 17.3 20.0 29.2 27.3 28.9 26.6

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,550.4 5,662.1 5,585.9 5,696.0 8.9 9.7 8.9 9.6 242.1 254.9 242.7 260.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,718.2 1,739.6 1,722.0 1,743.7 31.3 31.7 30.9 32.1 80.1 84.0 80.6 83.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,962.2 2,008.4 1,979.4 2,012.1 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.6 119.4 129.3 119.2 130.5

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,036.2 6,184.9 6,084.6 6,216.0 23.0 23.6 23.3 23.4 267.1 275.3 263.7 273.2

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.7 501.0 502.8 500.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 21.7 23.0 22.0 22.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,262.7 2,307.7 2,273.5 2,322.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 109.7 110.4 110.0 110.7

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458.5 469.6 458.6 469.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 27.8 29.3 27.3 29.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,284.4 3,333.0 3,299.1 3,336.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 150.8 154.0 151.5 150.9

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,583.2 14,010.3 13,730.2 14,124.6 206.2 225.4 208.5 227.2 796.1 815.2 803.1 819.3

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,694.9 1,730.9 1,704.2 1,742.4 10.2 10.4 10.4 10.4 134.3 137.5 136.4 138.4

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.1 308.1 308.1 310.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 16.1 16.5 16.3 16.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,105.1 4,159.4 4,127.5 4,185.1 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.1 212.8 212.7 214.4 214.7

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,570.4 3,648.8 3,577.8 3,659.7 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 241.8 240.4 241.6 238.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698.6 709.7 704.3 714.5 20.2 22.2 20.5 22.1 33.0 34.2 34.0 35.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,992.7 3,029.0 3,004.2 3,035.4 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 138.5 142.1 140.0 141.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290.8 298.7 287.2 295.1 16.7 16.9 16.7 16.6 22.4 24.4 21.9 23.7

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927.6 950.9 933.8 958.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 33.0 36.9 33.5 36.7

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 35.4 35.0 35.4 – – – – 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

1 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information

September October September October September October

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.4 276.5 277.6 276.0 401.7 409.3 405.0 410.9 22.9 23.1 23.2 23.3

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 12.9 9.2 9.6 66.3 65.8 64.5 64.8 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.9

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.0 194.8 195.7 194.6 596.8 598.4 604.4 607.9 51.0 48.1 51.2 48.3

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.8 162.3 164.6 161.8 270.6 268.8 275.9 270.8 12.8 11.3 13.0 11.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353.6 1,342.9 1,354.8 1,343.7 3,120.8 3,138.2 3,161.1 3,175.7 606.2 571.9 609.4 574.9

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.2 155.2 153.4 155.0 493.8 490.2 500.4 493.6 77.7 76.5 77.3 77.1

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.8 158.3 159.1 158.0 295.3 299.4 296.0 305.1 31.1 31.7 31.3 32.2

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.4 27.6 26.3 28.0 90.3 89.3 91.2 89.1 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 30.5 30.1 30.7 30.7 20.8 21.3 21.0 21.3

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.7 419.6 417.6 422.4 1,920.8 1,978.8 1,946.3 2,013.2 157.0 154.1 157.6 153.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.2 417.8 415.3 417.0 1,025.4 1,016.6 1,031.0 1,023.5 125.9 127.7 129.3 128.1

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 12.9 12.8 13.0 115.1 114.9 115.9 115.6 8.5 9.0 8.7 9.0

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 71.9 72.7 72.4 161.3 163.8 161.7 164.7 9.3 9.8 9.4 9.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572.1 566.9 574.4 562.1 1,215.5 1,220.4 1,230.8 1,227.4 95.6 91.4 96.1 90.0

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542.1 539.9 545.0 539.0 626.5 634.7 637.0 643.6 26.7 26.2 27.3 26.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.5 226.2 224.7 227.2 308.9 307.9 314.5 310.1 19.0 19.8 18.5 19.1

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.2 170.8 171.9 170.1 271.9 273.4 276.1 274.9 18.2 18.5 18.0 18.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.3 261.9 254.6 261.4 423.8 431.0 428.2 433.7 21.7 22.1 22.0 22.0

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.3 138.5 136.9 139.2 373.4 370.3 373.9 374.3 22.0 23.5 22.9 23.3

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 54.8 55.1 55.3 119.3 120.3 120.5 121.6 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.7

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.2 109.1 111.7 108.6 474.1 467.9 474.6 474.0 35.3 34.6 35.8 34.2

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.4 235.8 237.6 236.3 561.7 571.4 566.6 577.0 98.0 97.3 99.0 97.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.3 607.3 604.3 597.7 800.9 807.3 807.0 814.3 56.5 56.8 57.5 57.6

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.1 324.7 328.5 324.2 522.7 534.6 529.1 540.5 45.3 45.5 46.4 45.1

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.5 145.1 147.2 147.9 244.6 243.4 245.4 244.0 10.3 10.2 10.3 10.1

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.0 291.1 285.7 286.8 554.1 556.6 558.7 561.9 49.1 46.8 49.7 47.0

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 23.2 22.8 23.6 99.8 100.1 100.2 100.4 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.4

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.1 106.4 104.5 106.4 194.2 197.4 197.7 199.5 18.0 18.3 18.1 18.5

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 69.8 66.6 70.3 291.7 294.7 295.2 297.5 18.6 18.4 18.6 18.6

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.4 72.1 70.4 72.1 138.0 139.8 139.2 139.9 11.8 11.4 11.8 11.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.7 254.3 250.9 253.0 908.9 914.4 920.2 923.0 77.0 78.7 76.5 78.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 30.2 29.6 29.9 142.4 141.2 144.2 142.5 11.2 10.2 11.2 10.2

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.9 422.5 428.4 422.6 1,479.5 1,451.6 1,491.8 1,465.4 296.4 269.2 298.2 268.0

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.1 471.9 477.8 471.2 917.9 934.0 925.9 940.9 82.9 84.8 83.0 84.3

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 27.7 27.8 27.8 90.6 91.7 91.1 92.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682.9 686.6 685.7 688.5 1,049.6 1,051.6 1,060.9 1,056.5 69.6 67.6 68.4 67.3

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.4 135.7 134.5 135.5 321.2 320.7 323.8 322.4 17.8 17.3 17.9 17.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.3 193.6 197.0 192.0 366.5 361.7 369.1 364.1 36.8 36.9 37.1 36.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.3 566.6 567.1 563.6 1,135.8 1,158.1 1,154.2 1,166.1 94.3 96.7 94.0 97.3

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 40.1 40.1 40.2 77.2 74.8 77.4 74.6 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.6

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.8 260.8 262.2 261.8 432.7 441.9 435.4 444.8 30.9 31.4 31.3 31.6

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 45.6 45.2 45.9 89.0 92.1 90.1 91.8 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.6 369.3 369.6 369.4 674.7 677.7 679.6 680.5 55.5 55.8 55.7 55.5

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.6 972.9 940.3 972.1 2,718.3 2,777.8 2,750.6 2,810.4 233.9 238.6 233.9 240.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.9 151.5 151.3 151.4 312.4 310.4 314.7 313.7 45.4 48.1 44.5 47.8

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 28.1 29.1 28.1 51.0 51.1 51.9 51.9 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.7 245.5 246.7 245.9 662.3 662.2 666.5 671.9 70.2 71.1 70.6 71.0

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274.2 278.9 272.6 277.9 614.1 617.6 617.6 622.8 175.0 168.3 170.1 164.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 45.4 46.2 45.2 121.8 120.9 122.8 121.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.8 477.5 484.5 476.8 547.9 551.1 553.4 554.9 47.0 43.7 46.7 43.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 10.7 10.4 10.6 52.3 52.4 51.8 52.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.9 83.8 82.9 84.0 181.7 185.1 183.7 187.3 16.5 16.8 16.5 16.8

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services

September October September October September October

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.1 104.7 103.6 102.5 264.9 266.6 269.5 269.9 251.2 260.4 252.6 261.3

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 11.4 11.0 11.3 28.0 28.7 27.5 27.6 49.9 51.6 50.0 52.2

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.7 253.0 249.9 250.7 471.8 475.1 474.4 475.7 487.7 510.1 492.2 516.3

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 70.4 71.7 70.9 154.3 153.2 154.4 152.8 202.1 210.2 203.4 210.3

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835.4 842.0 847.9 849.7 2,888.0 2,884.7 2,928.3 2,914.1 2,948.8 3,111.8 3,007.8 3,160.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.8 170.1 178.5 170.8 488.7 499.6 493.8 500.1 350.7 359.7 354.8 363.3

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.0 114.4 118.3 114.6 222.2 225.0 221.5 225.3 345.4 356.7 349.9 362.1

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 50.0 49.7 50.0 66.8 68.2 67.5 69.7 78.9 81.4 79.9 82.5

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 28.3 27.8 28.5 175.3 176.2 175.8 177.3 123.0 125.8 125.3 127.3

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669.6 688.3 676.2 695.3 1,599.0 1,636.9 1,612.8 1,649.4 1,413.5 1,501.1 1,430.7 1,521.7

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.3 283.1 279.9 284.3 780.1 773.9 782.8 779.6 636.1 667.9 645.6 679.8

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 26.9 28.4 26.9 71.3 72.0 71.2 72.3 86.4 88.6 87.4 89.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.0 41.7 41.3 41.3 109.2 112.6 109.9 114.1 122.3 130.1 123.4 132.5

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.9 415.6 406.4 415.0 983.3 972.9 992.8 973.5 937.1 976.6 950.0 984.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.4 153.2 150.6 155.7 374.1 380.9 377.9 382.1 479.3 490.4 485.8 496.6

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 105.5 108.5 106.3 145.8 137.3 147.8 140.9 225.8 238.2 235.7 241.9

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 75.9 77.0 77.2 182.3 183.4 187.7 186.4 200.9 208.2 204.5 211.4

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.8 93.5 96.0 92.5 231.1 234.3 233.2 237.5 292.3 307.0 292.6 308.6

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.4 94.5 91.5 95.0 220.7 224.1 223.8 224.3 326.6 341.3 330.3 342.8

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 33.6 34.4 33.6 76.4 77.9 76.8 78.3 126.9 131.8 128.0 132.8

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.4 134.4 135.7 133.4 479.3 483.0 478.0 482.4 448.0 465.6 453.6 469.7

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227.5 232.9 231.2 233.0 637.9 657.7 649.3 659.4 811.3 841.6 822.5 855.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.6 228.9 231.1 227.8 657.6 658.0 666.3 658.8 661.3 677.7 669.4 689.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.5 187.3 193.1 185.7 391.2 382.7 397.9 389.5 551.9 573.7 557.0 582.3

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 44.0 44.5 44.6 118.5 112.7 120.8 113.9 146.1 156.9 149.1 157.7

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.7 186.9 186.7 188.4 387.0 390.7 394.3 394.3 490.8 505.1 497.5 515.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 28.3 28.7 29.0 50.7 51.4 51.2 51.8 81.4 83.5 81.7 83.9

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.1 69.5 70.5 69.7 123.2 117.8 122.3 118.7 157.3 162.1 158.9 163.0

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 76.5 76.4 76.9 215.6 228.6 220.7 231.4 160.0 170.2 162.8 171.1

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.3 34.9 34.9 97.5 103.1 98.5 104.4 123.4 124.8 124.5 127.9

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.5 258.9 258.0 258.1 727.9 720.6 730.4 724.2 737.3 786.6 748.7 794.4

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 33.9 35.2 34.0 117.7 112.3 118.4 113.6 142.7 147.9 143.8 149.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736.1 736.5 737.2 735.6 1,380.1 1,385.5 1,385.7 1,381.7 2,129.2 2,255.5 2,175.7 2,300.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.1 297.8 296.4 298.6 742.9 766.0 756.0 769.6 657.4 688.0 664.6 697.1

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 23.9 24.3 24.2 35.1 36.2 35.1 36.1 67.9 68.9 68.3 68.9

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.4 316.5 321.2 315.6 748.4 741.6 746.9 747.9 908.0 952.4 917.5 966.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 80.8 81.4 81.7 208.1 203.4 205.9 203.5 245.7 251.4 247.9 251.5

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.7 108.4 107.5 108.0 266.7 275.5 269.2 274.8 305.4 317.1 306.8 316.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335.6 341.1 336.6 342.0 849.1 873.8 857.3 871.9 1,276.6 1,328.6 1,300.4 1,353.6

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 35.5 35.8 35.6 70.1 67.4 70.6 68.8 105.3 108.2 106.5 108.9

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.8 120.7 119.1 122.1 311.2 314.8 316.5 319.9 270.0 284.9 272.3 286.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 27.9 28.0 27.8 37.3 39.5 37.0 39.8 75.9 78.2 76.5 78.8

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.5 175.5 176.9 175.4 470.1 469.6 473.3 473.5 458.1 476.2 459.5 476.2

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890.0 924.8 893.6 926.5 2,102.4 2,141.3 2,129.5 2,170.5 1,822.9 1,914.6 1,840.5 1,926.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.0 97.9 98.4 97.4 250.2 250.7 251.2 253.3 225.9 233.8 228.5 237.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.1 32.2 32.1 32.7 33.1 61.7 61.6 62.8 62.9

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.8 218.0 218.1 216.9 808.1 814.6 816.5 819.5 562.1 583.1 569.2 589.9

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.6 171.5 165.9 170.1 553.3 564.9 554.6 562.7 517.8 550.2 521.3 557.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 25.7 25.7 25.8 72.2 73.3 73.0 74.2 128.6 131.5 129.5 132.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.7 160.6 159.7 160.2 330.2 332.7 331.8 337.0 461.3 475.4 461.8 478.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 21.0 21.7 20.9 21.3 28.9 30.2 29.1 30.9

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 47.2 46.4 47.7 139.8 140.0 140.8 142.0 122.2 125.4 123.2 126.5

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Leisure and hospitality Other services Government

September October September October September October

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.9 202.5 200.1 201.9 100.2 102.3 100.7 102.4 394.4 401.6 397.3 404.7

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 40.1 33.4 34.6 11.2 11.4 10.9 11.6 78.6 79.6 78.7 79.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.9 345.6 339.9 346.3 95.9 95.9 99.3 95.7 419.3 437.5 422.6 440.0

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.1 133.1 125.3 131.2 71.7 74.2 73.3 74.4 210.6 212.2 212.6 214.2

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,959.8 2,072.8 1,987.8 2,078.5 568.9 590.1 573.8 595.0 2,515.6 2,560.0 2,569.9 2,609.9

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339.4 356.8 335.2 351.8 122.4 123.3 123.4 122.7 458.5 478.1 464.3 484.9

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.9 157.9 153.9 155.9 61.4 61.8 61.2 62.6 229.5 234.7 232.6 237.9

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 56.1 49.9 53.8 18.5 17.7 19.1 17.6 67.5 69.9 68.3 71.1

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 77.3 72.5 78.5 66.7 71.3 67.7 71.2 235.4 233.8 235.5 233.7

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,243.2 1,273.4 1,261.8 1,286.2 343.3 350.0 346.4 352.2 1,108.0 1,132.4 1,116.4 1,141.4

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.4 526.8 493.9 528.0 165.0 174.8 167.5 173.7 683.1 703.5 688.8 705.7

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.8 117.4 117.5 118.4 26.5 27.1 26.3 26.7 120.6 122.8 121.9 125.2

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.9 94.0 89.7 91.5 27.9 28.9 28.0 28.2 128.8 134.3 130.4 136.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580.2 606.2 576.7 600.7 248.2 252.9 249.7 252.9 801.2 832.2 812.1 842.7

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.0 320.8 307.4 321.2 127.2 132.2 125.8 131.0 420.3 432.6 421.2 437.0

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.4 143.5 139.8 142.2 55.6 56.7 56.1 56.6 260.3 262.7 264.7 268.9

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.4 134.0 133.4 134.1 50.5 50.6 50.5 51.0 254.1 261.3 257.7 265.7

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200.2 203.0 198.2 200.6 66.8 69.4 67.2 68.9 304.2 311.2 306.4 312.5

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.7 218.0 217.7 218.6 71.4 71.8 70.9 72.1 312.2 320.6 315.4 322.9

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 73.3 65.2 67.0 22.1 22.2 22.1 22.1 101.2 102.4 102.5 103.8

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.0 264.2 250.6 257.3 107.3 111.0 105.2 111.0 518.5 533.5 522.3 538.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.5 370.5 354.2 362.9 134.0 136.6 134.5 139.4 459.4 461.9 465.8 468.4

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.9 420.3 412.9 414.5 164.6 161.6 162.8 161.6 603.7 625.8 614.6 634.9

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.8 275.4 263.4 270.7 107.2 107.0 107.4 108.0 405.1 416.6 418.7 430.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.4 132.1 133.8 131.1 39.1 39.4 39.6 39.4 236.1 237.1 236.3 237.5

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.0 314.0 303.5 314.5 114.2 119.1 115.2 120.1 429.0 438.0 433.8 442.4

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.5 74.9 67.5 70.9 19.6 20.6 19.6 20.3 91.4 90.6 91.4 91.1

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.6 97.3 94.7 98.0 37.1 39.7 37.6 39.1 170.9 174.6 174.0 176.9

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.5 363.6 350.2 364.4 43.7 41.0 42.7 43.2 169.6 177.9 171.1 180.2

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 72.3 70.4 70.4 24.6 24.5 24.5 24.3 88.1 88.8 88.4 90.1

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.2 408.5 378.7 393.2 165.9 167.9 167.4 170.3 581.8 593.6 591.5 608.4

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.5 101.6 94.2 99.5 28.3 28.3 28.6 28.8 181.6 188.7 182.4 191.3

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.7 937.3 904.8 939.8 383.3 391.4 387.8 392.0 1,421.3 1,458.3 1,457.5 1,473.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507.4 534.8 510.6 535.4 169.0 172.8 171.9 174.6 726.0 735.8 733.1 746.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 41.9 39.3 41.3 14.9 15.3 14.6 15.4 81.8 85.2 84.3 86.4

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.0 585.6 545.8 573.3 206.5 216.6 210.5 219.7 766.0 779.0 777.4 790.1

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.0 183.6 177.1 181.2 67.6 66.9 67.2 67.1 352.7 364.1 354.8 368.1

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.7 212.5 202.2 206.8 62.4 65.8 62.4 65.3 291.8 301.0 302.5 311.3

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.8 572.0 545.2 567.2 251.4 257.6 250.2 259.8 687.2 691.5 692.6 697.9

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 59.7 57.2 57.4 21.5 21.3 22.1 21.1 64.7 65.3 65.0 65.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.1 277.0 266.4 276.3 82.5 83.5 82.5 82.8 370.5 377.7 373.3 381.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 50.2 48.6 48.5 17.8 18.1 17.9 18.2 80.9 82.4 81.5 83.1

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.2 361.7 353.8 355.5 126.7 131.4 126.2 131.4 444.7 457.4 448.5 464.0

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426.5 1,471.5 1,433.0 1,467.0 453.1 473.0 459.6 473.2 1,997.2 2,055.2 2,037.6 2,092.2

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.5 176.0 163.7 175.2 43.9 48.3 44.5 48.7 258.2 266.3 260.6 268.9

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 34.4 32.0 33.0 9.9 9.6 9.9 9.6 54.4 57.3 55.8 58.4

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.3 405.9 394.9 401.9 191.0 192.4 191.9 195.0 726.6 746.8 731.5 751.3

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337.5 354.2 331.7 344.8 120.9 123.7 121.5 124.0 563.4 573.3 575.2 591.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 70.2 70.0 69.6 23.7 25.9 24.2 26.1 149.5 152.6 150.7 154.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.0 283.9 267.4 272.5 146.6 150.4 146.6 149.7 399.9 407.7 408.5 417.2

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 41.9 37.3 39.1 16.1 17.0 16.0 16.3 68.2 69.0 68.5 69.8

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.6 95.1 88.4 95.7 18.7 19.3 18.8 19.3 198.1 200.6 199.0 201.7

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 10.7 10.9 11.0 10.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
TEXAS

N.M.

CALIF.

NEV.

MONT.

ARIZ.

ORE.

S.D.

WYO.

KAN. MO.

N.D.

COLO.

NEB.

GA.

UTAH ILL.

MINN.

LA.

PA.

IDAHO

FLA.

N.Y.

KY.

WIS.

N.C.

VA.

OKLA.

ALA.

ARK.

IOWA

WASH.

IND.

MISS.

OHIO

S.C.

MICH.

TENN.

MAINE

W.VA.

VT.

MD.

N.H.

Map 1. Unemployment rates by state, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2023

(U.S. rate = 3.9 percent)

HAWAII

ALASKA

D.C.

!

MASS.

! CONN.

!

R.I.

!

DEL.

!

N.J.

4.0% or higher

3.5% to 3.9%

3.0% to 3.4%

2.5% to 2.9%

2.4% or lower
WASH.

ORE.

CALIF.

IDAHO

NEV.

ARIZ.

MONT.

WYO.

COLO.

N.M.

N.D.

S.D.

NEB.

KAN.

OKLA.

TEXAS

MINN.

IOWA

MO.

ARK.

LA.

WIS.

ILL.

MICH.

IND. OHIO

KY.

TENN.

MISS. ALA. GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA. W.VA.

PA.

N.Y.

MAINE

N.H.

VT.

MASS.

R.I.

N.J.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

MD. UTAH

ALASKA

HAWAII

D.C.

3.0% and above

2.0% to 2.9%

1.0% to 1.9%

0.0% to 0.9%

Below 0.0%

Map 2. Percentage change in nonfarm employment by state,

seasonally adjusted, October 2022 - October 2023