Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-21-1224

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, July 2, 2021

Technical information: 

Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JUNE 2021

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 850,000 in June, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 5.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in 

leisure and hospitality, public and private education, professional and business services, retail trade, and 

other services.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 5.9 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 9.5 million, 

were little changed in June. These measures are down considerably from their recent highs in April 2020 

but remain well above their levels prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (3.5 percent and 5.7 

million, respectively, in February 2020). (See table A-1. See the box note on page 5 for more 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

June 2019 – June 2021

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20 Sep-20 Dec-20 Mar-21 Jun-21

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

June 2019 – June 2021

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20 Sep-20 Dec-20 Mar-21 Jun-21
-2-

information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus 

pandemic.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (5.9 percent), adult women 

(5.5 percent), teenagers (9.9 percent), Whites (5.2 percent), Blacks (9.2 percent), Asians (5.8 percent), 

and Hispanics (7.4 percent) showed little or no change in June. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of job leavers—that is, unemployed persons who quit or 

voluntarily left their previous job and began looking for new employment—increased by 164,000 to 

942,000 in June. The number of persons on temporary layoff, at 1.8 million, was essentially unchanged 

over the month. This measure is down considerably from the high of 18.0 million in April 2020 but is 

1.1 million above the February 2020 level. The number of permanent job losers, at 3.2 million, was 

also essentially unchanged over the month but is 1.9 million higher than in February 2020. (See table A11.)

In June, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by 

233,000 to 4.0 million, following a decline of 431,000 in May. This measure is 2.9 million higher than 

in February 2020. These long-term unemployed accounted for 42.1 percent of the total unemployed in 

June. The number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks, at 2.0 million, changed little in June. (See table 

A-12.)

The labor force participation rate was unchanged at 61.6 percent in June and has remained within a 

narrow range of 61.4 percent to 61.7 percent since June 2020. The participation rate is 1.7 percentage 

points lower than in February 2020. The employment-population ratio, at 58.0 percent, was also 

unchanged in June but is up by 0.6 percentage point since December 2020. However, this measure is 3.1 

percentage points below its February 2020 level. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 644,000 to 4.6 million 

in June. This decline reflected a drop in the number of persons whose hours were cut due to slack work 

or business conditions. The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons is up by 

229,000 since February 2020. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were 

working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See 

table A-8.)

In June, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 6.4 million, little 

changed over the month but up by 1.4 million since February 2020. These individuals were not counted 

as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were 

unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally 

attached to the labor force, at 1.8 million, changed little in June but is up by 393,000 since February 

2020. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the 

prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of 

discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for 

them, was 617,000 in June, essentially unchanged from the previous month but 216,000 higher than in 

February 2020. (See Summary table A.)
-3-

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In June, 14.4 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down 

from 16.6 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked 

at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic.

In June, 6.2 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer closed 

or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at some 

point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 7.9 million in May. Among 

those who reported in June that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost 

business, 10.0 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, little 

changed from the previous month.

Among those not in the labor force in June, 1.6 million persons were prevented from looking for work 

due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 2.5 million in May. (To be counted as unemployed, 

by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 850,000 in June, following increases of 583,000 in May 

and 269,000 in April. In June, nonfarm payroll employment is up by 15.6 million since April 2020 but is 

down by 6.8 million, or 4.4 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. Notable job gains in 

June occurred in leisure and hospitality, public and private education, professional and business services, 

retail trade, and other services. (See table B-1. See the box note on page 5 for more information about 

how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

In June, employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 343,000, as pandemic-related restrictions 

continued to ease in some parts of the country. Over half of the job gain was in food services and 

drinking places (+194,000). Employment also continued to increase in accommodation (+75,000) and in 

arts, entertainment, and recreation (+74,000). Employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 2.2 

million, or 12.9 percent, from its level in February 2020.

In June, employment rose by 155,000 in local government education, by 75,000 in state government 

education, and by 39,000 in private education. In both public and private education, staffing

fluctuations due to the pandemic, in part reflecting the return to in-person learning and other schoolrelated activities, have distorted the normal seasonal buildup and layoff patterns, likely contributing to 

the job gains in June. (Without the typical seasonal employment increases earlier, there were fewer 

layoffs at the end of the school year, resulting in job gains after seasonal adjustment.) These variations 

make it more challenging to discern the current employment trends in these industries. Since February 

2020, employment is down by 414,000 in local government education, by 168,000 in state government 

education, and by 255,000 in private education.

Employment in professional and business services rose by 72,000 in June but is down by 633,000

since February 2020. In June, employment rose in temporary help services (+33,000), advertising and 
-4-

related services (+8,000), scientific research and development services (+7,000), and legal services 

(+6,000). 

Retail trade added 67,000 jobs in June, but employment is down by 303,000, or 1.9 percent, since

February 2020. Over the month, job growth in clothing and clothing accessories stores (+28,000), 

general merchandise stores (+25,000), miscellaneous store retailers (+13,000), and automobile dealers 

(+8,000) was partially offset by losses in food and beverage stores (-13,000) and health and personal 

care stores (-7,000).

The other services industry added 56,000 jobs in June, with gains in personal and laundry services 

(+29,000), in membership associations and organizations (+18,000), and in repair and maintenance 

(+9,000). Employment in other services is 297,000 lower than in February 2020. 

Employment in social assistance rose by 32,000 in June, largely in child day care services (+25,000). 

Employment in social assistance is down by 236,000 from its level in February 2020.

In June, wholesale trade added 21,000 jobs, with gains in both the durable and nondurable goods

components (+14,000 and +9,000, respectively). Employment in wholesale trade is 192,000 lower than

in February 2020.

Employment in mining rose by 10,000 in June, reflecting a gain in support activities for mining. Mining 

employment is down by 110,000 since a peak in January 2019.

Employment in manufacturing changed little in June (+15,000). Within the industry, job gains in 

furniture and related products (+9,000), fabricated metal products (+6,000), and primary metals (+3,000) 

were partially offset by a loss in motor vehicles and parts (-12,000). Employment in manufacturing is 

down by 481,000 from its level in February 2020.

Employment in transportation and warehousing was little changed in June (+11,000). Employment 

gains in warehousing and storage (+14,000), air transportation (+8,000), and truck transportation

(+6,000) were partially offset by a loss in couriers and messengers (-24,000). Since February 2020, 

employment in transportation and warehousing is down by 94,000.

Construction employment changed little in June (-7,000). Over-the-month job losses in nonresidential 

specialty trade contractors (-15,000) and heavy and civil engineering construction (-11,000) were 

partially offset by a gain in residential specialty trade contractors (+13,000). Employment in 

construction is 238,000 lower than in February 2020.

In June, employment showed little change in other major industries, including information, financial 

activities, and health care.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents to $30.40 in 

June, following increases in May and April (+13 cents and +20 cents, respectively). Average hourly 

earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 10 cents to $25.68 in 

June. The data for recent months suggest that the rising demand for labor associated with the recovery 

from the pandemic may have put upward pressure on wages. However, because average hourly earnings 

vary widely across industries, the large employment fluctuations since February 2020 complicate the 

analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
-5-

In June, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 

34.7 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek fell by 0.2 hour to 40.2 hours, and overtime 

declined by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.2 hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised down by 9,000, from +278,000 

to +269,000, and the change for May was revised up by 24,000, from +559,000 to +583,000. With these 

revisions, employment in April and May combined is 15,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________

The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 6, 2021, at 8:30 

a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on June 2021 Household and Establishment Survey Data

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey, more data 

continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the household survey, for the 

safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone 

interviews could not be done. 

As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as 

unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work. However, the 

share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months of the pandemic 

and has been considerably lower in recent months. Since March 2020, BLS has published an estimate of 

what the unemployment rate might have been had misclassified workers been included among the 

unemployed. Repeating this same approach, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in June 2021 

would have been 0.2 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the upper bound of 

our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the misclassification error. 

More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-june-2021.htm.
-6-

2021 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data

to be released on August 18, 2021

Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of employment 

from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts 

are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to 

file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 18, 2021, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the 

preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This 

is the same day that the first-quarter 2021 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark 

revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private employment, will be 

available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.

The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2022 Employment 

Situation news release in February 2022.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

Change from:

May 2021-

June 2021

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 260,204 261,103 261,210 261,338 128

Civilian labor force........................................................... 159,797 160,988 160,935 161,086 151

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.4 61.7 61.6 61.6 0.0

Employed................................................................... 142,100 151,176 151,620 151,602 -18

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 54.6 57.9 58.0 58.0 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 17,697 9,812 9,316 9,484 168

Unemployment rate.................................................... 11.1 6.1 5.8 5.9 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,407 100,115 100,275 100,253 -22

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 11.1 6.1 5.8 5.9 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 10.2 6.1 5.9 5.9 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 11.3 5.6 5.4 5.5 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 22.6 12.3 9.6 9.9 0.3

White.......................................................................... 10.1 5.3 5.1 5.2 0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 15.3 9.7 9.1 9.2 0.1

Asian.......................................................................... 13.9 5.7 5.5 5.8 0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 14.5 7.9 7.3 7.4 0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 9.7 5.3 5.1 5.4 0.3

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 16.4 9.3 9.1 10.2 1.1

High school graduates, no college........................................ 12.2 6.9 6.8 7.0 0.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 10.9 5.8 5.9 5.8 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 6.9 3.5 3.2 3.5 0.3

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 14,283 6,387 5,841 5,787 -54

Job leavers...................................................................... 571 824 778 942 164

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,334 2,072 2,149 2,298 149

New entrants.................................................................... 557 625 525 494 -31

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,853 2,414 2,023 1,981 -42

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 11,544 1,939 2,126 2,166 40

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,907 1,203 1,262 1,329 67

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,358 4,183 3,752 3,985 233

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 9,038 5,243 5,271 4,627 -644

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 7,924 3,997 4,069 3,430 -639

Could only find part-time work............................................. 938 974 966 1,007 41

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 17,067 19,057 19,160 20,337 1,177

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,454 1,856 1,955 1,830 -125

Discouraged workers........................................................ 678 565 600 617 17

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,846 269 583 850

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,807 226 516 662

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 -41 19 20

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 3 2 12

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 -9 -22 -7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 -35 39 15

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 -31 35 18

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.1 -41.6 22.8 -12.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 -4 4 -3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,302 267 497 642

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 6.9 16.6 21.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858.7 -22.0 26.7 67.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.7 -54.9 20.6 10.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3.0 0.4 -0.9 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 28 14

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 17 -3 -1

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 -79 36 72

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.2 -122.3 -6.5 33.0

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 23 59 59

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.7 32.4 20.2 20.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,012 328 306 343

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 37 8 56

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 43 67 188

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4,333 530 546 567

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3,860 524 489 468

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.0 81.3 81.3 81.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.9 34.8 34.7

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29.35 $30.17 $30.30 $30.40

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,015.51 $1,052.93 $1,054.44 $1,054.88

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.2 107.5 107.7 107.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.0 155.1 156.0 156.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.8 0.6 0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (257 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 60.9 63.0 66.1

Manufacturing (75 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.0 58.7 63.3 62.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260,204 261,210 261,338 260,204 260,918 261,003 261,103 261,210 261,338

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,883 160,607 162,167 159,797 160,211 160,558 160,988 160,935 161,086

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 61.5 62.1 61.4 61.4 61.5 61.7 61.6 61.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,811 151,778 152,283 142,100 150,239 150,848 151,176 151,620 151,602

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 58.1 58.3 54.6 57.6 57.8 57.9 58.0 58.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,072 8,829 9,883 17,697 9,972 9,710 9,812 9,316 9,484

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 5.5 6.1 11.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,321 100,603 99,172 100,407 100,708 100,445 100,115 100,275 100,253

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,633 7,087 6,869 8,136 6,933 6,850 6,647 6,600 6,428

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,860 126,369 126,434 125,860 126,224 126,266 126,316 126,369 126,434

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,429 85,329 86,227 84,577 85,061 84,917 85,410 85,210 85,320

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 67.5 68.2 67.2 67.4 67.3 67.6 67.4 67.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,425 80,430 80,994 75,656 79,666 79,681 80,017 80,062 80,176

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 63.6 64.1 60.1 63.1 63.1 63.3 63.4 63.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,004 4,899 5,233 8,921 5,395 5,236 5,394 5,148 5,144

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 5.7 6.1 10.5 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.0 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,431 41,040 40,206 41,283 41,163 41,349 40,905 41,159 41,114

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,492 118,059 118,125 117,492 117,902 117,949 118,003 118,059 118,125

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,203 82,394 82,756 81,922 82,095 81,978 82,333 82,182 82,414

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 69.8 70.1 69.7 69.6 69.5 69.8 69.6 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,002 77,786 77,978 73,605 77,193 77,194 77,348 77,340 77,545

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 65.9 66.0 62.6 65.5 65.4 65.5 65.5 65.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,201 4,608 4,778 8,317 4,902 4,784 4,985 4,842 4,869

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 5.6 5.8 10.2 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,289 35,665 35,369 35,570 35,807 35,972 35,670 35,877 35,711

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,344 134,841 134,905 134,344 134,694 134,737 134,787 134,841 134,905

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,454 75,277 75,939 75,220 75,149 75,641 75,577 75,725 75,766

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 55.8 56.3 56.0 55.8 56.1 56.1 56.2 56.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,386 71,348 71,289 66,444 70,572 71,167 71,159 71,557 71,426

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 52.9 52.8 49.5 52.4 52.8 52.8 53.1 52.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,068 3,929 4,650 8,776 4,577 4,474 4,418 4,168 4,340

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 5.2 6.1 11.7 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,890 59,563 58,965 59,124 59,545 59,096 59,210 59,116 59,139

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,155 126,704 126,770 126,155 126,546 126,594 126,648 126,704 126,770

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,214 72,323 72,544 72,479 72,173 72,668 72,503 72,707 72,855

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.1 57.2 57.5 57.0 57.4 57.2 57.4 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,925 68,664 68,353 64,321 67,928 68,513 68,430 68,811 68,817

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 54.2 53.9 51.0 53.7 54.1 54.0 54.3 54.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,289 3,659 4,191 8,158 4,245 4,155 4,073 3,895 4,038

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 5.1 5.8 11.3 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,940 54,381 54,226 53,676 54,373 53,926 54,145 53,998 53,915

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,557 16,446 16,443 16,557 16,470 16,460 16,451 16,446 16,443

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,466 5,889 6,867 5,396 5,942 5,913 6,152 6,046 5,817

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 35.8 41.8 32.6 36.1 35.9 37.4 36.8 35.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,884 5,327 5,952 4,174 5,118 5,142 5,398 5,468 5,240

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 32.4 36.2 25.2 31.1 31.2 32.8 33.2 31.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,582 562 915 1,222 825 771 754 578 577

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 9.5 13.3 22.6 13.9 13.0 12.3 9.6 9.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,092 10,558 9,577 11,161 10,528 10,547 10,300 10,400 10,626

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,233 201,743 201,814 201,233 201,606 201,642 201,687 201,743 201,814

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,744 123,766 124,582 123,991 123,737 123,819 123,964 123,897 123,800

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 61.3 61.7 61.6 61.4 61.4 61.5 61.4 61.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,020 117,808 117,832 111,527 116,859 117,166 117,358 117,553 117,320

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 58.4 58.4 55.4 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,725 5,958 6,750 12,464 6,878 6,653 6,606 6,344 6,480

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 4.8 5.4 10.1 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,488 77,976 77,231 77,241 77,869 77,823 77,723 77,845 78,013

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,888 64,589 64,695 64,708 64,434 64,289 64,593 64,492 64,478

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 69.8 69.9 70.1 69.7 69.5 69.8 69.7 69.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,214 61,508 61,446 58,918 60,989 60,935 61,155 61,182 61,122

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 66.5 66.4 63.9 66.0 65.9 66.1 66.1 66.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,674 3,082 3,250 5,791 3,446 3,353 3,439 3,311 3,357

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 4.8 5.0 8.9 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,800 54,564 54,558 55,066 54,599 54,911 54,603 54,698 54,800

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 56.2 56.1 56.9 56.3 56.6 56.2 56.3 56.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,957 52,105 51,697 49,352 51,782 52,155 51,965 52,079 52,084

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.6 53.6 53.2 51.0 53.4 53.7 53.5 53.6 53.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,843 2,459 2,860 5,714 2,817 2,756 2,638 2,618 2,716

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 4.5 5.2 10.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,056 4,613 5,329 4,217 4,704 4,619 4,768 4,707 4,522

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 38.2 44.2 34.7 38.9 38.2 39.5 39.0 37.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,848 4,196 4,689 3,257 4,088 4,076 4,238 4,292 4,114

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 34.8 38.9 26.8 33.8 33.7 35.1 35.6 34.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208 417 640 960 616 543 530 415 408

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 9.0 12.0 22.8 13.1 11.8 11.1 8.8 9.0

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,323 33,572 33,595 33,323 33,511 33,530 33,551 33,572 33,595

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,134 20,409 20,846 20,009 20,154 20,362 20,544 20,439 20,679

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 60.8 62.1 60.0 60.1 60.7 61.2 60.9 61.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,019 18,603 18,881 16,939 18,159 18,412 18,546 18,584 18,769

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 55.4 56.2 50.8 54.2 54.9 55.3 55.4 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,115 1,806 1,966 3,069 1,995 1,951 1,998 1,854 1,910

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 8.8 9.4 15.3 9.9 9.6 9.7 9.1 9.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,189 13,163 12,749 13,314 13,357 13,168 13,007 13,133 12,916

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,204 9,469 9,678 9,146 9,340 9,430 9,465 9,460 9,607

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 66.8 68.2 65.1 66.0 66.6 66.8 66.7 67.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,752 8,550 8,733 7,677 8,383 8,501 8,498 8,533 8,648

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 60.3 61.5 54.7 59.2 60.0 59.9 60.1 60.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 920 945 1,469 957 928 967 927 958

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 9.7 9.8 16.1 10.2 9.8 10.2 9.8 10.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,082 10,260 10,335 10,125 10,127 10,181 10,315 10,293 10,358

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 60.4 60.8 60.0 59.7 60.0 60.7 60.6 60.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,661 9,467 9,445 8,694 9,225 9,294 9,429 9,448 9,473

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 55.7 55.5 51.6 54.4 54.8 55.5 55.6 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422 793 889 1,431 902 887 887 844 886

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 7.7 8.6 14.1 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.2 8.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 679 833 737 687 752 764 686 714

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 28.4 34.9 30.5 28.7 31.4 32.0 28.7 29.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 587 702 568 551 616 620 603 648

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 24.6 29.4 23.5 23.0 25.7 25.9 25.2 27.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 92 131 169 136 136 144 83 67

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 13.6 15.7 22.9 19.8 18.1 18.9 12.1 9.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,471 16,529 16,428 16,471 16,588 16,532 16,532 16,529 16,428

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,202 10,401 10,465 10,114 10,315 10,422 10,375 10,471 10,387

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.9 63.7 61.4 62.2 63.0 62.8 63.4 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,786 9,834 9,851 8,708 9,792 9,799 9,786 9,890 9,789

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 59.5 60.0 52.9 59.0 59.3 59.2 59.8 59.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,416 567 613 1,406 523 623 589 581 598

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 5.5 5.9 13.9 5.1 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,269 6,128 5,964 6,356 6,273 6,110 6,157 6,057 6,042

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 44,132 44,786 44,857 44,132 44,587 44,651 44,719 44,786 44,857

Civilian labor force................................ 29,006 29,076 29,442 28,864 29,174 29,273 29,199 29,243 29,367

Participation rate............................... 65.7 64.9 65.6 65.4 65.4 65.6 65.3 65.3 65.5

Employed....................................... 24,794 27,105 27,280 24,686 26,701 26,975 26,889 27,110 27,183

Employment-population ratio............... 56.2 60.5 60.8 55.9 59.9 60.4 60.1 60.5 60.6

Unemployed.................................... 4,212 1,971 2,162 4,178 2,473 2,298 2,310 2,133 2,184

Unemployment rate......................... 14.5 6.8 7.3 14.5 8.5 7.9 7.9 7.3 7.4

Not in labor force................................. 15,126 15,709 15,415 15,268 15,413 15,378 15,520 15,543 15,490

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,604 16,035 16,034 15,589 15,952 16,007 16,086 16,079 16,068

Participation rate............................... 78.3 79.2 79.1 78.2 79.2 79.3 79.6 79.5 79.3

Employed....................................... 13,654 15,063 15,060 13,604 14,727 14,804 14,882 15,006 15,005

Employment-population ratio............... 68.5 74.4 74.3 68.3 73.1 73.4 73.6 74.1 74.0

Unemployed.................................... 1,950 972 974 1,985 1,224 1,203 1,204 1,073 1,063

Unemployment rate......................... 12.5 6.1 6.1 12.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 6.7 6.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,969 11,848 12,067 11,965 11,794 11,909 11,790 11,928 12,071

Participation rate............................... 59.3 57.8 58.7 59.3 57.8 58.3 57.6 58.2 58.8

Employed....................................... 10,125 11,006 11,099 10,128 10,792 11,035 10,909 11,043 11,111

Employment-population ratio............... 50.1 53.7 54.0 50.2 52.9 54.0 53.3 53.8 54.1

Unemployed.................................... 1,844 842 968 1,838 1,002 874 881 884 959

Unemployment rate......................... 15.4 7.1 8.0 15.4 8.5 7.3 7.5 7.4 7.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,434 1,194 1,341 1,309 1,428 1,356 1,323 1,236 1,228

Participation rate............................... 35.7 29.6 33.2 32.6 35.4 33.6 32.8 30.6 30.4

Employed....................................... 1,016 1,037 1,121 954 1,182 1,135 1,098 1,061 1,066

Employment-population ratio............... 25.3 25.7 27.7 23.8 29.3 28.2 27.2 26.3 26.4

Unemployed.................................... 418 157 220 355 247 221 225 175 162

Unemployment rate......................... 29.1 13.1 16.4 27.1 17.3 16.3 17.0 14.2 13.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,537 8,911 9,286 8,401 8,942 8,936 9,020 8,790 9,142

Participation rate.................................. 43.9 43.4 44.8 43.2 45.9 44.4 44.2 42.8 44.1

Employed.......................................... 7,218 8,181 8,404 7,025 8,035 8,204 8,185 7,993 8,210

Employment-population ratio................. 37.1 39.8 40.5 36.1 41.2 40.8 40.1 38.9 39.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,319 730 882 1,377 907 731 835 797 932

Unemployment rate............................ 15.4 8.2 9.5 16.4 10.1 8.2 9.3 9.1 10.2

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 33,324 34,921 34,644 33,693 34,462 34,278 34,704 34,930 34,972

Participation rate.................................. 54.8 55.5 55.4 55.4 54.7 54.8 55.3 55.5 55.9

Employed.......................................... 29,355 32,661 32,306 29,591 31,977 31,984 32,307 32,543 32,517

Employment-population ratio................. 48.3 51.9 51.7 48.7 50.8 51.1 51.5 51.7 52.0

Unemployed....................................... 3,969 2,260 2,338 4,102 2,485 2,295 2,397 2,388 2,455

Unemployment rate............................ 11.9 6.5 6.7 12.2 7.2 6.7 6.9 6.8 7.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,615 35,811 36,103 36,660 35,450 35,771 35,485 35,917 36,079

Participation rate.................................. 63.8 63.2 63.1 63.8 62.7 63.3 63.0 63.4 63.1

Employed.......................................... 32,643 33,812 34,000 32,675 33,360 33,677 33,422 33,808 33,970

Employment-population ratio................. 56.9 59.7 59.4 56.9 59.0 59.6 59.3 59.7 59.4

Unemployed....................................... 3,972 1,999 2,103 3,985 2,089 2,094 2,063 2,108 2,109

Unemployment rate............................ 10.8 5.6 5.8 10.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 61,339 60,493 60,014 61,743 60,744 60,835 60,804 60,727 60,483

Participation rate.................................. 72.1 72.2 71.8 72.6 71.8 72.0 72.2 72.5 72.3

Employed.......................................... 57,043 58,715 57,872 57,487 58,417 58,612 58,662 58,802 58,392

Employment-population ratio................. 67.1 70.1 69.2 67.6 69.1 69.4 69.6 70.2 69.8

Unemployed....................................... 4,296 1,779 2,142 4,257 2,327 2,224 2,142 1,925 2,091

Unemployment rate............................ 7.0 2.9 3.6 6.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.5

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,485 18,820 16,582 16,808 1,903 2,012

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,009 9,156 7,962 8,033 1,047 1,122

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 48.6 48.0 47.8 55.0 55.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,233 8,719 7,286 7,659 947 1,060

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 46.3 43.9 45.6 49.7 52.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 437 675 375 101 62

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 4.8 8.5 4.7 9.6 5.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,476 9,664 8,620 8,775 856 890

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,634 4,821 3,886 4,001 748 820

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,665 3,780 3,175 3,255 490 524

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.1 78.4 81.7 81.4 65.5 64.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,288 3,582 2,865 3,108 423 475

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.9 74.3 73.7 77.7 56.6 57.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 197 311 147 67 50

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 5.2 9.8 4.5 13.7 9.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969 1,041 711 746 258 295

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,922 3,155 2,408 2,639 514 516

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,117 2,371 1,796 2,007 322 364

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.5 75.2 74.6 76.1 62.6 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,990 2,296 1,689 1,932 301 364

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 72.8 70.1 73.2 58.6 70.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 75 107 75 21 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 3.2 6.0 3.7 6.4 0.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804 784 612 632 192 152

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,842 6,706 6,603 6,446 239 260

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,278 1,076 1,240 1,034 38 42

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 16.0 18.8 16.0 15.8 16.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,171 1,011 1,139 969 32 42

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 15.1 17.3 15.0 13.5 16.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 65 101 65 5 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 6.1 8.2 6.3 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,564 5,630 5,363 5,412 201 218

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,087 4,138 3,685 3,722 402 416

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,948 1,929 1,750 1,737 198 192

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 46.6 47.5 46.7 49.1 46.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,784 1,830 1,594 1,650 190 180

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.6 44.2 43.2 44.3 47.3 43.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 99 157 87 7 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 5.1 9.0 5.0 3.7 6.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,139 2,209 1,935 1,985 204 224

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233,074 234,093 104,923 105,384 128,152 128,710

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,478 150,427 76,323 76,884 73,155 73,543

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 64.3 72.7 73.0 57.1 57.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,834 141,367 68,261 72,229 64,573 69,138

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 60.4 65.1 68.5 50.4 53.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,644 9,060 8,062 4,655 8,582 4,405

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 6.0 10.6 6.1 11.7 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,596 83,667 28,600 28,500 54,997 55,167

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,652 31,794 230,552 229,544

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,228 6,767 154,656 155,400

Participation rate..................................................................... 21.0 21.3 67.1 67.7

Employed............................................................................. 5,201 6,027 137,610 146,257

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.5 19.0 59.7 63.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 1,026 740 17,046 9,143

Unemployment rate............................................................... 16.5 10.9 11.0 5.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,424 25,027 75,897 74,144

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,687 2,929 76,948 77,486

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.4 37.6 81.9 82.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,244 2,561 68,941 72,934

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.4 32.9 73.3 78.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 443 369 8,008 4,552

Unemployment rate............................................................... 16.5 12.6 10.4 5.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,686 4,861 17,055 15,929

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,339 2,741 68,619 68,591

Participation rate..................................................................... 32.3 33.3 70.6 71.6

Employed............................................................................. 1,908 2,485 60,541 64,482

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 26.4 30.1 62.3 67.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 431 256 8,078 4,109

Unemployment rate............................................................... 18.4 9.3 11.8 6.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,901 5,503 28,508 27,236

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,201 1,097 9,088 9,323

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.0 7.0 23.1 23.1

Employed............................................................................. 1,050 981 8,128 8,841

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.0 6.2 20.6 21.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 151 116 960 482

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.6 10.6 10.6 5.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,837 14,663 30,334 30,979

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,198 42,796 20,107 20,655 22,090 22,141

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,823 27,653 15,193 15,762 11,630 11,891

Participation rate.................................................. 63.6 64.6 75.6 76.3 52.6 53.7

Employed.......................................................... 23,130 26,059 13,312 14,966 9,818 11,093

Employment-population ratio................................. 54.8 60.9 66.2 72.5 44.4 50.1

Unemployed....................................................... 3,693 1,594 1,881 796 1,812 798

Unemployment rate............................................ 13.8 5.8 12.4 5.0 15.6 6.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,374 15,143 4,914 4,893 10,460 10,250

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,007 218,542 105,753 105,779 112,254 112,763

Civilian labor force.................................................. 134,060 134,514 70,236 70,466 63,824 64,048

Participation rate.................................................. 61.5 61.6 66.4 66.6 56.9 56.8

Employed.......................................................... 119,681 126,224 63,113 66,028 56,567 60,196

Employment-population ratio................................. 54.9 57.8 59.7 62.4 50.4 53.4

Unemployed....................................................... 14,379 8,290 7,123 4,437 7,257 3,852

Unemployment rate............................................ 10.7 6.2 10.1 6.3 11.4 6.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 83,947 84,028 35,517 35,313 48,430 48,715

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,353 2,337 2,399 2,257 2,308 2,228 2,292 2,293 2,318

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,547 1,543 1,637 1,523 1,519 1,518 1,527 1,534 1,604

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 769 756 730 723 712 635 688 737 692

Unpaid family workers........................... 37 37 31 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 140,458 149,442 149,885 139,840 147,895 148,598 148,942 149,397 149,329

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 131,946 139,977 140,511 131,306 139,243 139,382 139,825 139,799 139,873

Government..................................... 20,464 20,613 20,280 20,765 20,829 20,644 20,410 20,454 20,578

Private industries............................... 111,482 119,364 120,230 110,597 118,151 118,616 119,548 119,449 119,460

Private households.......................... 564 586 654 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 110,918 118,778 119,576 110,114 117,451 117,896 118,995 118,901 118,948

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,449 9,370 9,303 8,316 8,787 9,241 8,962 9,265 9,146

Unpaid family workers........................... 64 94 71 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 9,306 5,046 4,837 9,038 6,088 5,826 5,243 5,271 4,627

Slack work or business conditions............. 8,043 3,843 3,513 7,924 4,723 4,629 3,997 4,069 3,430

Could only find part-time work.................. 978 1,012 1,051 938 1,166 984 974 966 1,007

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 16,210 19,364 19,453 17,067 18,369 19,102 19,057 19,160 20,337

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 9,210 5,016 4,776 8,939 5,986 5,804 5,178 5,231 4,544

Slack work or business conditions............. 7,966 3,819 3,474 7,843 4,661 4,592 3,949 4,039 3,381

Could only find part-time work.................. 974 1,012 1,037 935 1,154 982 970 963 996

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 15,868 18,984 19,113 16,718 17,998 18,726 18,713 18,774 19,982

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,811 151,778 152,283 142,100 150,239 150,848 151,176 151,620 151,602

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,884 5,327 5,952 4,174 5,118 5,142 5,398 5,468 5,240

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,744 1,967 2,197 1,498 1,868 1,923 2,057 2,080 1,952

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,139 3,361 3,755 2,664 3,245 3,256 3,337 3,380 3,287

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,927 146,451 146,331 137,926 145,121 145,706 145,778 146,151 146,362

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,669 13,082 13,749 11,313 13,216 13,150 13,118 13,157 13,399

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,259 133,369 132,582 126,735 131,789 132,492 132,540 132,898 133,068

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,407 97,419 97,028 92,719 96,461 96,856 96,952 97,172 97,331

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,009 34,470 34,196 32,076 33,988 34,099 34,319 34,406 34,284

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,909 32,567 32,528 31,005 32,146 32,406 32,407 32,491 32,612

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,489 30,383 30,305 29,638 30,327 30,351 30,226 30,275 30,436

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,851 35,949 35,554 34,016 35,328 35,636 35,588 35,726 35,737

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,425 80,430 80,994 75,656 79,666 79,681 80,017 80,062 80,176

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,423 2,643 3,016 2,052 2,474 2,488 2,669 2,722 2,631

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 967 1,107 713 938 879 970 1,013 942

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,545 1,677 1,909 1,315 1,550 1,632 1,680 1,707 1,679

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,002 77,786 77,978 73,605 77,193 77,194 77,348 77,340 77,545

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,997 6,709 6,956 5,772 6,763 6,711 6,770 6,719 6,737

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,005 71,077 71,022 67,904 70,329 70,499 70,562 70,798 70,955

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,575 51,835 51,861 49,503 51,436 51,542 51,616 51,664 51,804

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,079 18,382 18,162 17,040 18,145 18,229 18,339 18,352 18,167

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,644 17,590 17,664 16,602 17,390 17,468 17,477 17,525 17,616

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,852 15,863 16,035 15,861 15,901 15,845 15,801 15,787 16,021

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,430 19,242 19,161 18,401 18,892 18,957 18,946 19,134 19,150

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,386 71,348 71,289 66,444 70,572 71,167 71,159 71,557 71,426

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,461 2,684 2,936 2,123 2,644 2,654 2,729 2,746 2,609

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 1,000 1,091 784 930 1,044 1,087 1,067 1,010

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595 1,684 1,845 1,349 1,695 1,624 1,656 1,673 1,608

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,925 68,664 68,353 64,321 67,928 68,513 68,430 68,811 68,817

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,671 6,373 6,793 5,542 6,453 6,440 6,348 6,438 6,662

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,254 62,291 61,560 58,832 61,460 61,993 61,978 62,100 62,113

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,832 45,584 45,167 43,217 45,024 45,314 45,336 45,508 45,527

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,930 16,087 16,034 15,036 15,843 15,870 15,980 16,054 16,117

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,265 14,976 14,864 14,403 14,756 14,938 14,930 14,966 14,995

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,637 14,520 14,269 13,777 14,426 14,506 14,425 14,488 14,415

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,421 16,707 16,393 15,615 16,436 16,679 16,642 16,592 16,587

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,717 43,849 43,533 43,667 44,033 43,695 43,805 43,647 43,533

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,903 34,986 34,400 34,369 34,803 34,910 35,013 34,950 34,891

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,218 9,711 9,635 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,169 126,579 127,156 119,262 124,868 125,803 126,161 126,384 126,201

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,642 25,199 25,127 23,125 25,109 25,078 25,024 25,202 25,610

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,114 7,249 6,987 6,266 6,678 6,817 6,916 7,269 7,109

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,208 6,063 6,210 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,218 10,126 10,033 9,040 9,498 9,876 9,651 10,002 9,837

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 17,697 9,316 9,484 11.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,222 578 577 22.6 13.9 13.0 12.3 9.6 9.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 452 203 208 23.2 14.8 12.6 11.3 8.9 9.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 766 355 367 22.3 13.7 13.3 13.0 9.5 10.1

20 years and over................................ 16,475 8,738 8,907 10.7 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 2,763 1,477 1,339 19.6 9.6 10.3 10.5 10.1 9.1

25 years and over.............................. 13,654 7,169 7,525 9.7 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.4

25 to 54 years............................... 10,016 5,354 5,662 9.7 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.5

25 to 34 years............................. 4,238 2,127 2,370 11.7 6.4 6.7 6.4 5.8 6.5

35 to 44 years............................. 3,070 1,707 1,816 9.0 5.7 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.3

45 to 54 years............................. 2,708 1,520 1,476 8.4 4.9 4.5 4.9 4.8 4.6

55 years and over........................... 3,625 1,834 1,853 9.6 5.3 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.9

Men, 16 years and over............................ 8,921 5,148 5,144 10.5 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.0 6.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 604 306 275 22.7 16.6 15.4 13.3 10.1 9.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 163 88 111 18.6 15.7 14.0 11.5 8.0 10.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 441 215 162 25.1 17.6 16.1 14.1 11.2 8.8

20 years and over................................ 8,317 4,842 4,869 10.2 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,340 826 769 18.8 10.1 10.9 11.5 10.9 10.2

25 years and over.............................. 6,928 3,940 4,069 9.3 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.4

25 to 54 years............................... 5,156 3,013 3,095 9.4 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6

25 to 34 years............................. 2,266 1,207 1,372 11.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.2 7.0

35 to 44 years............................. 1,593 968 937 8.8 5.6 5.1 4.6 5.2 5.0

45 to 54 years............................. 1,297 838 786 7.6 4.6 4.5 5.2 5.0 4.7

55 years and over........................... 1,772 927 974 8.8 5.6 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.8

Women, 16 years and over........................ 8,776 4,168 4,340 11.7 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 619 272 302 22.6 11.2 10.7 11.2 9.0 10.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 290 115 98 27.0 13.9 11.5 11.1 9.7 8.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 325 140 205 19.4 9.7 10.3 11.8 7.7 11.3

20 years and over................................ 8,158 3,895 4,038 11.3 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,423 651 570 20.4 9.1 9.5 9.3 9.2 7.9

25 years and over.............................. 6,726 3,229 3,456 10.3 5.5 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.3

25 to 54 years............................... 4,860 2,341 2,567 10.1 5.7 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.3

25 to 34 years............................. 1,972 920 998 11.6 6.2 6.8 6.2 5.4 5.8

35 to 44 years............................. 1,478 739 879 9.3 5.7 5.2 5.3 4.7 5.5

45 to 54 years............................. 1,410 682 690 9.3 5.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6

55 years and over........................... 1,850 882 874 10.6 5.1 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.0

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 3,245 1,581 1,705 6.9 3.8 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.8

Married women, spouse present1................. 3,376 1,340 1,339 8.9 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7

Women who maintain families2.................... 1,242 687 848 13.1 7.7 8.0 7.3 6.6 8.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 13,678 7,815 8,025 10.3 6.3 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.0

Part-time workers4.................................. 3,991 1,361 1,464 14.7 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.1 5.4

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 14,198 5,384 5,706 14,283 6,586 6,226 6,387 5,841 5,787

On temporary layoff.............................. 10,596 1,562 1,796 10,606 2,229 2,026 2,114 1,823 1,811

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,602 3,821 3,910 3,676 4,357 4,200 4,273 4,019 3,976

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,825 3,113 3,159 2,856 3,497 3,432 3,529 3,234 3,187

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 776 709 751 821 860 768 744 785 789

Job leavers........................................... 545 737 919 571 701 777 824 778 942

Reentrants............................................ 2,495 2,224 2,499 2,334 2,124 2,253 2,072 2,149 2,298

New entrants......................................... 834 483 760 557 582 497 625 525 494

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 78.6 61.0 57.7 80.5 65.9 63.8 64.5 62.9 60.8

On temporary layoff.............................. 58.6 17.7 18.2 59.8 22.3 20.8 21.3 19.6 19.0

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 19.9 43.3 39.6 20.7 43.6 43.1 43.1 43.2 41.8

Job leavers........................................... 3.0 8.4 9.3 3.2 7.0 8.0 8.3 8.4 9.9

Reentrants............................................ 13.8 25.2 25.3 13.2 21.3 23.1 20.9 23.1 24.1

New entrants......................................... 4.6 5.5 7.7 3.1 5.8 5.1 6.3 5.7 5.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 8.8 3.4 3.5 8.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.6

Job leavers........................................... 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

Reentrants............................................ 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 3,620 1,963 2,709 2,853 2,185 2,177 2,414 2,023 1,981

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 11,300 1,793 1,980 11,544 2,254 1,941 1,939 2,126 2,166

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,152 5,073 5,195 3,265 5,555 5,609 5,386 5,013 5,314

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,867 1,381 1,276 1,907 1,407 1,391 1,203 1,262 1,329

27 weeks and over............................... 1,285 3,692 3,918 1,358 4,148 4,218 4,183 3,752 3,985

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 13.4 30.7 29.8 15.5 27.6 29.7 28.8 29.9 31.6

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.1 19.9 17.6 13.4 18.3 19.7 19.8 19.3 19.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 20.0 22.2 27.4 16.2 21.9 22.4 24.8 22.1 20.9

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 62.5 20.3 20.0 65.4 22.6 20.0 19.9 23.2 22.9

15 weeks and over.................................. 17.4 57.5 52.6 18.5 55.6 57.7 55.3 54.7 56.2

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 10.3 15.6 12.9 10.8 14.1 14.3 12.4 13.8 14.0

27 weeks and over............................... 7.1 41.8 39.6 7.7 41.5 43.4 43.0 40.9 42.1

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 142,811 152,283 18,072 9,883 11.2 6.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 63,336 64,316 4,395 2,303 6.5 3.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 26,928 28,216 1,363 877 4.8 3.0

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,408 36,100 3,032 1,426 7.7 3.8

Service occupations................................................ 21,164 24,631 4,881 2,111 18.7 7.9

Sales and office occupations...................................... 28,458 29,839 3,819 1,938 11.8 6.1

Sales and related occupations.................................. 13,463 14,246 2,059 906 13.3 6.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 14,995 15,593 1,759 1,032 10.5 6.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 12,779 14,234 1,513 1,090 10.6 7.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 948 1,227 76 115 7.4 8.6

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,371 8,163 961 776 11.5 8.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,460 4,844 475 199 9.6 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,074 19,263 2,594 1,647 13.2 7.9

Production occupations.......................................... 7,187 7,950 889 580 11.0 6.8

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,887 11,313 1,705 1,067 14.7 8.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 18,072 9,883 11.2 6.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 14,718 7,631 11.7 6.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 145 70 17.8 10.3

Construction.......................................................................... 962 730 10.1 7.5

Manufacturing........................................................................ 1,383 792 9.1 5.4

Durable goods..................................................................... 872 533 9.2 5.7

Nondurable goods................................................................ 511 259 8.9 4.8

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 2,135 1,238 11.2 6.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 923 479 12.9 6.0

Information............................................................................ 304 170 12.0 6.1

Financial activities................................................................... 515 342 5.1 3.4

Professional and business services............................................... 1,527 921 8.6 5.2

Education and health services..................................................... 2,107 1,073 8.6 4.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 3,792 1,475 28.9 10.9

Other services........................................................................ 925 342 14.5 5.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 87 129 5.4 7.5

Government workers................................................................... 1,610 729 7.3 3.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 823 635 8.1 5.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

May

2021

June

2021

June

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.0 3.2 3.2 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 8.8 3.4 3.5 8.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 11.2 5.5 6.1 11.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 11.6 5.8 6.5 11.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 12.6 6.6 7.2 12.4 7.3 7.1 7.2 6.9 6.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 18.3 9.7 10.1 18.0 11.1 10.7 10.4 10.2 9.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

June

2020

June

2021

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 99,321 99,172 40,431 40,206 58,890 58,965

Persons who currently want a job................................ 8,633 6,869 4,301 3,365 4,332 3,503

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 2,486 1,856 1,380 1,027 1,106 829

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 684 631 395 419 289 212

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,803 1,225 985 608 818 617

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,114 6,987 2,986 3,462 3,128 3,525

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.3 4.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 4.9

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,428 3,882 1,835 2,085 1,594 1,797

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,503 1,694 479 619 1,023 1,075

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 320 423 211 238 108 186

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 817 926 434 486 383 440

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Change

from:

May2021 -

June2021p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,501 144,397 145,369 146,517 137,840 144,326 144,909 145,759 850

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,267 122,407 123,411 124,800 116,487 122,741 123,257 123,919 662

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,028 20,203 20,377 20,614 19,767 20,319 20,338 20,358 20

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 612 618 633 597 616 618 630 12

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 41.5 41.7 45.0 45.2 44.5 43.4 45.0 1.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.0 570.4 576.6 587.7 551.7 571.4 575.0 585.4 10.4

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.6 134.2 135.0 136.4 132.9 136.9 136.4 136.5 0.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.3 180.7 181.8 183.5 174.8 182.3 180.4 181.0 0.6

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 42.3 41.9 42.0 40.0 42.4 42.4 42.3 -0.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 41.7 41.9 42.4 41.2 41.6 41.9 42.4 0.5

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.3 96.7 98.0 99.1 93.6 98.3 96.1 96.3 0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.1 255.5 259.8 267.8 244.0 252.2 258.2 267.9 9.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,359 7,365 7,477 7,592 7,171 7,439 7,417 7,410 -7

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,619.3 1,662.6 1,684.4 1,717.0 1,594.2 1,682.4 1,685.6 1,691.2 5.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.8 857.2 870.8 884.7 800.5 867.1 870.4 872.9 2.5

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.5 805.4 813.6 832.3 793.7 815.3 815.2 818.3 3.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,081.5 1,051.7 1,082.4 1,099.2 1,027.4 1,063.9 1,057.2 1,046.3 -10.9

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,658.6 4,650.2 4,709.8 4,775.8 4,549.6 4,692.3 4,674.5 4,672.4 -2.1

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,088.7 2,138.8 2,168.5 2,208.0 2,037.9 2,149.4 2,146.5 2,159.2 12.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,569.9 2,511.4 2,541.3 2,567.8 2,511.7 2,542.9 2,528.0 2,513.2 -14.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,069 12,226 12,282 12,389 11,999 12,264 12,303 12,318 15

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,520 7,599 7,636 7,708 7,472 7,605 7,640 7,658 18

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390.8 401.9 401.8 407.4 388.4 402.7 402.2 404.8 2.6

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.4 397.5 399.0 403.3 392.3 398.2 395.3 395.8 0.5

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.0 350.0 351.3 358.2 345.6 349.8 351.4 354.5 3.1

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,387.3 1,397.6 1,401.7 1,416.7 1,377.6 1,394.9 1,400.4 1,406.1 5.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,050.3 1,060.1 1,068.0 1,075.8 1,043.3 1,061.4 1,068.5 1,068.8 0.3

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,075.5 1,080.6 1,082.8 1,087.7 1,071.8 1,082.6 1,085.2 1,083.8 -1.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 162.6 164.7 164.6 165.6 162.5 164.7 164.8 165.2 0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.8 84.8 85.6 86.7 85.5 85.0 85.9 86.4 0.5

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.1 369.2 370.8 374.8 370.6 371.1 372.4 372.2 -0.2

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421.1 428.1 427.9 426.2 420.5 427.3 427.9 425.8 -2.1

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9 33.8 33.9 34.4 32.6 34.5 34.2 34.2 0.0

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 377.4 374.4 376.4 380.0 376.9 375.7 377.8 379.5 1.7

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,563.4 1,567.3 1,578.5 1,583.9 1,553.8 1,568.4 1,581.0 1,574.7 -6.3

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857.3 869.2 887.3 875.9 851.0 862.4 885.2 872.9 -12.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.8 351.0 352.4 361.7 346.1 351.1 353.0 361.5 8.5

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580.2 618.6 624.3 632.9 576.1 619.9 624.7 628.0 3.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,549 4,627 4,646 4,681 4,527 4,659 4,663 4,660 -3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596.1 1,613.7 1,616.0 1,631.1 1,590.7 1,633.8 1,633.4 1,629.3 -4.1

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 95.3 96.2 97.1 93.1 95.4 95.8 96.7 0.9

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.8 107.3 107.2 107.2 104.4 107.8 107.3 107.4 0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.8 91.7 92.4 93.2 87.1 91.8 92.0 92.2 0.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.1 352.9 349.9 353.5 352.8 353.2 350.8 352.3 1.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 366.8 369.6 373.5 373.9 366.2 372.2 374.7 373.3 -1.4

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.7 100.6 101.8 101.6 102.9 101.5 100.6 99.5 -1.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836.2 856.4 853.4 859.3 833.3 854.2 853.9 855.6 1.7

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.6 724.7 730.4 728.9 705.9 726.1 727.9 725.0 -2.9

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294.9 314.9 325.5 335.2 290.2 322.5 326.1 329.0 2.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,239 102,204 103,034 104,186 96,720 102,422 102,919 103,561 642

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,930 26,845 27,019 27,263 25,934 27,116 27,179 27,278 99

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,581.0 5,650.0 5,682.5 5,727.6 5,556.9 5,664.9 5,681.5 5,702.8 21.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,045.3 3,103.1 3,118.1 3,144.4 3,035.1 3,110.2 3,120.9 3,134.4 13.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,058.0 2,070.4 2,087.4 2,105.2 2,044.7 2,076.9 2,083.2 2,091.7 8.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Change

from:

May2021 -

June2021p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.7 476.5 477.0 478.0 477.1 477.8 477.4 476.7 -0.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,503.4 15,047.7 15,146.4 15,288.2 14,502.8 15,212.6 15,239.3 15,306.4 67.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,860.2 1,970.8 1,981.1 1,993.3 1,850.9 1,971.9 1,974.4 1,983.4 9.0

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,171.5 1,246.6 1,249.6 1,257.5 1,170.7 1,248.8 1,249.5 1,257.0 7.5

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.5 163.7 169.1 172.2 142.8 161.7 162.5 162.9 0.4

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 537.2 560.5 562.4 563.6 537.5 561.4 562.4 563.5 1.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 369.9 440.8 441.1 441.7 373.5 447.3 446.5 446.2 -0.3

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 369.5 416.5 414.4 408.1 376.6 417.0 417.2 415.0 -2.2

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415.8 1,404.5 1,435.1 1,436.5 1,349.9 1,372.5 1,377.0 1,376.5 -0.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,144.1 3,084.5 3,091.5 3,105.7 3,126.0 3,108.7 3,101.4 3,088.7 -12.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 906.3 1,007.5 1,003.7 994.7 909.9 1,006.4 1,004.8 998.2 -6.6

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922.5 928.0 940.4 958.4 911.2 935.0 940.3 945.7 5.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 794.7 960.9 978.4 1,015.2 809.2 994.6 1,010.8 1,038.7 27.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.2 468.9 470.6 485.1 428.3 485.9 484.3 491.7 7.4

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,018.9 2,976.4 2,972.9 3,006.9 3,084.0 3,065.3 3,063.7 3,088.2 24.5

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876.5 944.6 946.1 959.3 920.3 981.0 990.5 1,003.6 13.1

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,142.4 2,031.8 2,026.8 2,047.6 2,163.7 2,084.3 2,073.2 2,084.6 11.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.6 790.2 813.6 835.2 708.2 800.7 807.4 820.6 13.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570.7 598.7 603.6 607.4 575.1 607.3 611.5 613.5 2.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,304.4 5,608.9 5,651.9 5,705.4 5,335.7 5,698.2 5,718.8 5,729.5 10.7

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386.7 417.6 427.2 437.5 383.2 418.3 425.7 433.5 7.8

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.0 143.4 143.4 143.4 145.2 143.2 144.1 144.5 0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 60.1 60.6 61.6 58.5 60.6 59.9 59.8 -0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446.2 1,467.5 1,477.1 1,501.6 1,432.6 1,482.8 1,480.1 1,486.5 6.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.5 398.1 405.1 382.4 303.5 383.3 387.2 387.1 -0.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 48.9 49.1 49.3 51.0 49.0 49.1 49.1 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 26.3 26.3 30.4 39.2 20.8 30.4 28.0 30.9 2.9

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 669.0 697.7 703.3 709.6 669.1 698.1 706.0 709.6 3.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.3 952.1 960.0 975.8 950.4 1,022.6 1,023.9 1,000.1 -23.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309.2 1,397.2 1,395.7 1,405.0 1,321.4 1,409.9 1,414.8 1,428.4 13.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.3 538.3 538.0 541.6 539.0 540.2 539.3 539.3 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,606 2,695 2,716 2,743 2,602 2,694 2,722 2,736 14

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 755.3 762.4 768.8 776.1 752.1 767.4 774.4 772.4 -2.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.4 278.3 290.2 297.9 209.9 275.0 287.1 292.5 5.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.9 239.1 240.2 238.8 239.5 238.9 241.5 240.2 -1.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686.9 681.9 682.8 680.4 689.3 683.0 685.2 683.0 -2.2

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.5 366.7 361.7 372.8 358.2 361.1 360.1 373.3 13.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.2 366.9 372.7 376.6 353.0 368.3 373.8 374.8 1.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,675 8,770 8,781 8,840 8,634 8,804 8,801 8,800 -1

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,485.6 6,532.6 6,522.4 6,544.5 6,475.6 6,545.9 6,539.4 6,538.0 -1.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.3 20.2 20.1 20.3 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,647.8 2,669.5 2,659.4 2,662.8 2,641.0 2,670.4 2,662.4 2,659.5 -2.9

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,778.2 1,735.9 1,730.8 1,732.1 1,769.9 1,737.3 1,730.6 1,725.3 -5.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,393.4 1,349.8 1,344.5 1,343.7 1,387.4 1,352.8 1,343.4 1,339.5 -3.9

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 568.9 611.2 608.2 609.7 568.3 610.6 609.0 610.7 1.7

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 300.7 322.4 320.4 321.0 302.8 322.5 322.8 323.5 0.7

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 964.2 978.7 984.0 992.4 963.7 984.1 988.4 990.1 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,853.3 2,864.2 2,858.9 2,869.0 2,850.7 2,871.2 2,868.4 2,868.2 -0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,189.8 2,237.0 2,258.6 2,295.0 2,158.0 2,257.8 2,262.0 2,261.9 -0.1

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,683.0 1,722.4 1,731.2 1,757.7 1,667.0 1,735.1 1,736.4 1,741.4 5.0

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.9 492.7 505.4 514.7 468.6 500.5 503.4 498.3 -5.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Change

from:

May2021 -

June2021p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.9 21.9 22.0 22.6 22.4 22.2 22.2 22.2 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,683 20,710 20,765 20,946 19,568 20,728 20,764 20,836 72

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,258.5 9,758.8 9,704.9 9,778.4 9,286.3 9,711.6 9,750.9 9,784.6 33.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115.1 1,125.1 1,129.3 1,147.3 1,105.5 1,130.6 1,132.2 1,137.9 5.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 932.5 1,116.9 1,014.7 1,005.9 996.1 1,036.1 1,053.1 1,055.9 2.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,504.1 1,537.8 1,550.8 1,575.0 1,485.5 1,550.6 1,552.8 1,555.5 2.7

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.7 135.2 138.6 139.4 129.2 135.9 137.6 138.2 0.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,152.6 2,238.2 2,243.6 2,240.7 2,155.7 2,239.7 2,242.2 2,242.1 -0.1

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502.7 1,597.5 1,604.4 1,615.1 1,502.7 1,604.8 1,608.3 1,613.3 5.0

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757.8 803.7 807.2 823.1 751.0 805.1 809.6 816.4 6.8

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 445.3 438.7 440.9 450.6 444.0 440.4 441.2 449.2 8.0

Other professional and technical services. . . 718.7 765.7 775.4 781.3 716.6 768.4 773.9 776.1 2.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,335.4 2,332.5 2,332.2 2,349.1 2,319.6 2,342.0 2,333.5 2,332.7 -0.8

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,089.0 8,618.7 8,727.8 8,818.6 7,961.6 8,674.3 8,679.1 8,719.1 40.0

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 7,646.3 8,174.7 8,280.5 8,365.9 7,524.9 8,227.3 8,232.3 8,272.0 39.7

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 512.4 545.6 552.7 557.0 508.8 546.2 551.0 552.1 1.1

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.2 150.5 152.0 149.5 153.5 151.3 151.9 150.0 -1.9

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,699.5 3,216.6 3,239.3 3,272.2 2,700.8 3,263.3 3,261.7 3,298.0 36.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142.5 2,594.1 2,611.4 2,639.3 2,147.1 2,639.8 2,633.3 2,666.3 33.0

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.6 776.1 774.2 770.5 779.3 780.7 784.4 782.2 -2.2

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.6 150.7 152.7 156.9 157.9 150.4 151.3 154.2 2.9

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 887.1 911.3 904.9 910.2 887.2 916.8 904.1 910.3 6.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,170.9 2,126.2 2,205.1 2,244.5 2,047.7 2,122.0 2,129.2 2,125.6 -3.6

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.0 297.7 299.6 305.1 289.7 296.6 298.7 299.6 0.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.7 444.0 447.3 452.7 436.7 447.0 446.8 447.1 0.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,491 23,597 23,538 23,355 22,671 23,419 23,478 23,537 59

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,170.8 3,617.6 3,520.8 3,325.8 3,359.6 3,446.2 3,484.9 3,523.5 38.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,320.4 19,979.5 20,017.6 20,029.5 19,311.5 19,972.9 19,993.1 20,013.3 20.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,558.8 15,938.9 15,955.6 15,974.6 15,544.2 15,959.4 15,966.7 15,954.5 -12.2

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,298.5 7,771.8 7,800.9 7,809.3 7,292.6 7,778.0 7,796.9 7,799.8 2.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,559.8 2,686.8 2,692.0 2,697.4 2,561.2 2,692.8 2,694.8 2,698.9 4.1

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888.5 1,004.3 1,009.8 1,015.0 886.3 1,004.0 1,008.0 1,009.9 1.9

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 879.2 969.1 978.8 979.6 877.0 970.6 977.1 977.1 0.0

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946.7 1,001.5 1,002.7 1,004.4 947.6 1,000.7 1,002.5 1,004.3 1.8

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 267.6 296.4 295.5 293.8 267.2 295.7 295.3 293.5 -1.8

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,456.2 1,497.9 1,505.6 1,502.8 1,453.5 1,498.5 1,503.4 1,500.1 -3.3

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.5 315.8 316.5 316.3 299.8 315.7 315.8 316.0 0.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,077.3 5,139.9 5,130.3 5,139.4 5,075.5 5,142.4 5,140.9 5,135.4 -5.5

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,183.0 3,027.2 3,024.4 3,025.9 3,176.1 3,039.0 3,028.9 3,019.3 -9.6

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,489.0 1,375.9 1,375.7 1,376.9 1,487.3 1,382.2 1,378.8 1,375.2 -3.6

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 609.1 604.7 603.4 602.9 606.6 606.5 603.9 600.4 -3.5

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.8 897.1 895.7 896.2 925.3 900.4 895.9 894.9 -1.0

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 158.1 149.5 149.6 149.9 156.8 149.9 150.3 148.8 -1.5

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,761.6 4,040.6 4,062.0 4,054.9 3,767.3 4,013.5 4,026.4 4,058.8 32.4

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,534.9 2,662.3 2,663.2 2,668.9 2,527.1 2,654.9 2,652.4 2,660.3 7.9

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 180.8 183.8 186.0 184.0 180.3 184.4 186.2 183.9 -2.3

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 272.4 281.2 282.5 286.7 270.1 280.5 281.2 283.1 1.9

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773.5 913.3 930.3 915.3 789.8 893.7 906.6 931.5 24.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,637 14,020 14,611 15,329 12,158 14,085 14,391 14,734 343

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,700.3 1,849.4 2,024.6 2,284.0 1,517.2 1,897.6 1,969.2 2,042.8 73.6

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 299.7 369.7 396.7 427.0 281.2 361.7 375.4 400.8 25.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.2 131.5 137.8 149.7 124.1 134.3 134.1 137.5 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Change

from:

May2021 -

June2021p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,265.4 1,348.2 1,490.1 1,707.3 1,111.9 1,401.6 1,459.7 1,504.5 44.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,936.4 12,170.6 12,586.8 13,044.7 10,640.5 12,187.1 12,421.5 12,690.9 269.4

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,404.9 1,503.8 1,578.3 1,746.0 1,329.6 1,544.9 1,577.9 1,653.0 75.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 9,531.5 10,666.8 11,008.5 11,298.7 9,310.9 10,642.2 10,843.6 11,037.9 194.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,217 5,567 5,604 5,710 5,153 5,576 5,584 5,640 56

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,262.8 1,339.0 1,340.5 1,355.4 1,254.7 1,338.8 1,336.4 1,345.3 8.9

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,135.8 1,354.4 1,373.4 1,404.6 1,123.8 1,351.9 1,360.2 1,389.4 29.2

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,818.4 2,873.2 2,890.0 2,950.0 2,774.8 2,885.1 2,887.5 2,905.7 18.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,234 21,990 21,958 21,717 21,353 21,585 21,652 21,840 188

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,889 2,882 2,882 2,887 2,876 2,891 2,881 2,876 -5

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,285.1 2,268.7 2,282.1 2,289.1 2,271.5 2,276.1 2,280.4 2,278.5 -1.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.4 613.2 599.9 597.8 604.1 614.9 600.2 597.0 -3.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,777 5,145 5,019 4,823 5,043 4,977 5,024 5,093 69

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,075.0 2,470.1 2,350.6 2,146.7 2,355.8 2,301.6 2,353.6 2,428.1 74.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,701.9 2,675.1 2,668.5 2,676.3 2,686.8 2,675.5 2,670.5 2,664.7 -5.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,568 13,963 14,057 14,007 13,434 13,717 13,747 13,871 124

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,283.7 7,733.6 7,768.6 7,559.9 7,335.7 7,411.2 7,460.7 7,615.9 155.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,284.3 6,229.4 6,288.4 6,446.6 6,097.9 6,305.3 6,286.5 6,255.0 -31.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.6 34.9 34.8 34.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.1 40.1 40.1 39.8

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.6 45.3 45.1 45.2

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 39.1 39.0 38.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 39.1 40.4 40.4 40.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 39.1 40.5 40.6 40.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.0 40.2 40.2 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.6 33.9 33.8 33.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.7 34.7 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.2 39.1 39.1 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.3 31.0 31.0 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.2 39.4 39.3 39.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 42.5 42.8 42.7

Information......................................................................... 36.6 37.2 37.1 37.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.6 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.4 36.7 36.7 36.6

Education and health services.................................................. 33.1 33.3 33.3 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.7 26.7 26.5 26.5

Other services..................................................................... 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 2.5 3.2 3.3 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 2.2 3.0 3.2 3.0

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Total private............................................... $29.35 $30.17 $30.30 $30.40 $1,015.51 $1,052.93 $1,054.44 $1,054.88

Goods-producing....................................... 29.93 30.70 30.86 30.98 1,170.26 1,231.07 1,237.49 1,233.00

Mining and logging.................................. 34.94 35.00 34.94 35.00 1,523.38 1,585.50 1,575.79 1,582.00

Construction.......................................... 31.63 32.59 32.75 32.86 1,227.24 1,274.27 1,277.25 1,268.40

Manufacturing........................................ 28.64 29.36 29.53 29.66 1,119.82 1,186.14 1,193.01 1,192.33

Durable goods.................................... 30.00 30.91 31.05 31.19 1,173.00 1,251.86 1,260.63 1,256.96

Nondurable goods................................ 26.39 26.79 27.02 27.14 1,029.21 1,076.96 1,086.20 1,088.31

Private service-providing.............................. 29.21 30.04 30.17 30.26 981.46 1,018.36 1,019.75 1,019.76

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 25.02 26.02 26.21 26.40 860.69 902.89 909.49 910.80

Wholesale trade.................................. 32.25 33.31 33.49 33.63 1,231.95 1,302.42 1,309.46 1,314.93

Retail trade........................................ 20.64 21.66 21.86 21.92 646.03 671.46 677.66 675.14

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.18 26.09 26.28 26.75 961.88 1,027.95 1,032.80 1,043.25

Utilities............................................. 43.46 44.41 44.59 44.61 1,842.70 1,887.43 1,908.45 1,904.85

Information........................................... 43.51 44.28 44.33 44.53 1,592.47 1,647.22 1,644.64 1,647.61

Financial activities................................... 37.88 39.85 40.00 40.10 1,420.50 1,498.36 1,504.00 1,507.76

Professional and business services.............. 35.22 36.16 36.42 36.49 1,282.01 1,327.07 1,336.61 1,335.53

Education and health services..................... 28.51 29.51 29.45 29.54 943.68 982.68 980.69 983.68

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 17.02 17.85 18.05 18.23 437.41 476.60 478.33 483.10

Other services....................................... 26.91 26.99 27.22 27.29 869.19 871.78 881.93 881.47

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Percent

change

from:

May

2021 -

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Percent

change

from:

May

2021 -

June

2021p

Total private..................................... 101.2 107.5 107.7 107.9 0.2 142.0 155.1 156.0 156.9 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 88.1 92.8 92.9 92.3 -0.6 119.1 128.8 129.6 129.3 -0.2

Mining and logging........................ 81.8 87.7 87.6 89.5 2.2 114.7 123.2 122.9 125.7 2.3

Construction................................ 95.9 100.3 99.7 98.6 -1.1 131.8 142.0 141.9 140.8 -0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 84.4 89.1 89.4 89.1 -0.3 112.4 121.7 122.8 122.9 0.1

Durable goods........................... 82.3 86.7 87.3 86.9 -0.5 109.6 119.0 120.4 120.4 0.0

Nondurable goods...................... 88.1 93.5 93.6 93.3 -0.3 118.0 127.1 128.3 128.4 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 104.6 111.8 112.0 112.4 0.4 148.5 163.2 164.2 165.3 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 97.3 102.7 102.9 102.7 -0.2 131.3 144.1 145.5 146.2 0.5

Wholesale trade......................... 93.6 97.7 98.0 98.4 0.4 126.3 136.1 137.3 138.4 0.8

Retail trade.............................. 92.2 95.8 95.9 95.7 -0.2 125.7 137.1 138.6 138.7 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 117.1 129.0 129.1 128.4 -0.5 150.0 171.2 172.7 174.7 1.2

Utilities.................................... 98.9 99.3 99.9 99.6 -0.3 142.0 145.8 147.1 146.8 -0.2

Information................................. 87.0 91.5 92.2 92.5 0.3 134.7 144.3 145.6 146.6 0.7

Financial activities......................... 106.1 108.5 108.4 108.4 0.0 156.7 168.6 169.2 169.6 0.2

Professional and business services..... 111.7 119.3 119.5 119.6 0.1 159.3 174.6 176.2 176.7 0.3

Education and health services........... 122.5 127.3 127.7 128.0 0.2 168.1 180.8 180.9 181.9 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 89.2 107.3 108.8 111.4 2.4 122.4 154.5 158.5 163.9 3.4

Other services............................. 96.0 103.8 104.3 105.0 0.7 141.5 153.6 155.6 157.1 1.0

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Total nonfarm............................................. 68,241 71,806 72,120 72,525 49.5 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private............................................ 55,991 59,375 59,654 59,946 48.1 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,451 4,617 4,620 4,617 22.5 22.7 22.7 22.7

Mining and logging............................... 87 84 84 84 14.6 13.6 13.6 13.3

Construction....................................... 952 1,004 1,008 1,010 13.3 13.5 13.6 13.6

Manufacturing..................................... 3,412 3,529 3,528 3,523 28.4 28.8 28.7 28.6

Durable goods.................................. 1,809 1,863 1,867 1,865 24.2 24.5 24.4 24.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,603 1,666 1,661 1,658 35.4 35.8 35.6 35.6

Private service-providing........................... 51,540 54,758 55,034 55,329 53.3 53.5 53.5 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,089 10,659 10,682 10,752 38.9 39.3 39.3 39.4

Wholesale trade................................ 1,653.7 1,698.4 1,709.7 1,731.0 29.8 30.0 30.1 30.4

Retail trade..................................... 7,001.9 7,379.1 7,382.9 7,412.8 48.3 48.5 48.4 48.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,301.3 1,447.8 1,455.1 1,474.8 24.4 25.4 25.4 25.7

Utilities........................................... 132.1 134.1 133.9 133.7 24.5 24.8 24.8 24.8

Information......................................... 1,043 1,074 1,078 1,087 40.1 39.9 39.6 39.7

Financial activities................................ 4,887 4,959 4,945 4,940 56.6 56.3 56.2 56.1

Professional and business services............ 8,895 9,568 9,590 9,579 45.5 46.2 46.2 46.0

Education and health services.................. 17,508 18,083 18,129 18,186 77.2 77.2 77.2 77.3

Leisure and hospitality........................... 6,422 7,467 7,641 7,787 52.8 53.0 53.1 52.9

Other services..................................... 2,696 2,948 2,969 2,998 52.3 52.9 53.2 53.2

Government............................................. 12,250 12,431 12,466 12,579 57.4 57.6 57.6 57.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Total private............................................................................... 94,400 99,828 100,264 100,767

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,069 14,375 14,444 14,498

Mining and logging.................................................................. 422 447 454 466

Construction.......................................................................... 5,321 5,460 5,467 5,479

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,326 8,468 8,523 8,553

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,071 5,142 5,189 5,219

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,255 3,326 3,334 3,334

Private service-providing.............................................................. 80,331 85,453 85,820 86,269

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 21,796 22,858 22,910 22,964

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,404.0 4,492.4 4,512.7 4,529.1

Retail trade........................................................................ 12,344.2 12,971.3 12,977.6 13,010.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,620.9 4,963.4 4,990.2 4,997.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 427.2 430.9 429.3 427.8

Information............................................................................ 2,051 2,139 2,150 2,166

Financial activities................................................................... 6,594 6,665 6,646 6,622

Professional and business services............................................... 15,596 16,643 16,646 16,664

Education and health services..................................................... 19,806 20,503 20,555 20,597

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 10,316 12,132 12,390 12,687

Other services........................................................................ 4,172 4,513 4,523 4,569

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.9 34.3 34.3 34.1

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.8 41.0 41.0 40.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.3 47.0 46.6 46.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 39.9 41.6 41.5 41.3

Durable goods.................................................................. 39.9 41.7 41.6 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 41.4 41.5 41.5

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.9 33.2 33.2 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.1 34.5 34.5 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 37.9 38.9 38.8 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 31.0 31.0 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.1 39.1 38.8 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.7 42.7 43.0

Information......................................................................... 36.1 36.7 37.3 36.7

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 37.4 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 35.8 36.3 36.3 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.4 32.6 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.2 25.3 25.1 25.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.5 31.4 31.4 31.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.0

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 4.1 4.2 3.8

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.6 4.2 4.2 4.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Total private............................................... $24.77 $25.45 $25.58 $25.68 $839.70 $872.94 $877.39 $875.69

Goods-producing....................................... 25.38 26.19 26.31 26.47 1,010.12 1,073.79 1,078.71 1,077.33

Mining and logging.................................. 30.49 30.95 30.94 30.97 1,350.71 1,454.65 1,441.80 1,452.49

Construction.......................................... 29.31 30.20 30.30 30.47 1,151.88 1,198.94 1,199.88 1,197.47

Manufacturing........................................ 22.62 23.44 23.60 23.75 902.54 975.10 979.40 980.88

Durable goods.................................... 23.47 24.45 24.63 24.81 936.45 1,019.57 1,024.61 1,022.17

Nondurable goods................................ 21.29 21.86 21.99 22.10 849.47 905.00 912.59 917.15

Private service-providing.............................. 24.64 25.30 25.43 25.51 810.66 839.96 844.28 841.83

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.65 22.03 22.20 22.33 738.27 760.04 765.90 765.92

Wholesale trade.................................. 26.84 27.37 27.51 27.52 1,017.24 1,064.69 1,067.39 1,070.53

Retail trade........................................ 18.12 18.40 18.41 18.57 559.91 570.40 570.71 571.96

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.64 23.07 23.62 23.74 862.58 902.04 916.46 916.36

Utilities............................................. 38.58 39.58 39.55 39.72 1,628.08 1,690.07 1,688.79 1,707.96

Information........................................... 35.76 37.06 36.97 37.39 1,290.94 1,360.10 1,378.98 1,372.21

Financial activities................................... 29.03 30.03 30.39 30.35 1,071.21 1,123.12 1,136.59 1,135.09

Professional and business services.............. 29.36 30.19 30.37 30.43 1,051.09 1,095.90 1,102.43 1,098.52

Education and health services..................... 25.36 26.51 26.50 26.57 821.66 864.23 863.90 866.18

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.58 15.67 15.84 16.21 352.84 396.45 397.58 406.87

Other services....................................... 22.71 23.02 23.13 23.14 715.37 722.83 726.28 726.60

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Percent

change

from:

May

2021 -

June

2021p

June

2020

Apr.

2021

May

2021p

June

2021p

Percent

change

from:

May

2021 -

June

2021p

Total private..................................... 106.6 114.1 114.6 114.5 -0.1 176.5 194.1 195.9 196.5 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 85.6 90.1 90.5 90.2 -0.3 133.0 144.4 145.8 146.2 0.3

Mining and logging........................ 99.3 111.6 112.4 116.1 3.3 176.2 201.0 202.3 209.2 3.4

Construction................................ 104.7 108.5 108.4 107.8 -0.6 165.7 177.0 177.4 177.4 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 76.3 80.9 81.2 81.1 -0.1 112.8 124.0 125.3 125.9 0.5

Durable goods........................... 76.0 80.6 81.1 80.8 -0.4 111.4 123.0 124.7 125.1 0.3

Nondurable goods...................... 76.5 81.1 81.5 81.5 0.0 115.1 125.3 126.7 127.3 0.5

Private service-providing.................... 112.6 120.9 121.4 121.3 -0.1 190.3 209.8 211.7 212.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.9 110.3 110.5 110.2 -0.3 160.8 173.6 175.4 175.8 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 99.1 103.7 103.9 104.6 0.7 156.9 167.5 168.7 169.8 0.7

Retail trade.............................. 96.5 101.8 101.8 101.4 -0.4 149.9 160.4 160.6 161.4 0.5

Transportation and warehousing...... 133.2 146.9 146.5 146.0 -0.3 192.0 215.7 220.3 220.6 0.1

Utilities.................................... 92.2 94.1 93.7 94.1 0.4 148.5 155.4 154.8 156.0 0.8

Information................................. 84.5 89.6 91.5 90.7 -0.9 149.6 164.4 167.5 167.9 0.2

Financial activities......................... 114.5 117.3 117.0 116.6 -0.3 204.5 216.8 218.7 217.6 -0.5

Professional and business services..... 124.8 135.1 135.1 134.5 -0.4 218.0 242.5 244.0 243.4 -0.2

Education and health services........... 136.8 142.5 142.9 143.2 0.2 229.0 249.4 249.9 251.1 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 91.4 112.4 113.9 116.6 2.4 151.4 200.1 204.9 214.7 4.8

Other services............................. 92.2 99.4 99.6 100.6 1.0 152.5 166.7 167.9 169.6 1.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.