News United States

Department

of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics W ashington, D.C. 20212

 USDL-95-508

Technical information:

E. Jackson (202) 606-6180

Media contact: FOR RELEASE: 10 A.M. EST

K. Hoyle (202) 606-5902 Friday, December 15, 1995

WORKPLACE INJURIES AND ILLNESSES IN 1994

 A total of 6.8 million injuries and illnesses was reported in private industry workplaces

during 1994, resulting in a rate of 8.4 cases for every 100 equivalent full-time workers.

The rate varied widely by industry, ranging from slightly more than 12 injuries and

illnesses for every 100 full-time manufacturing workers to nearly 3 per 100 full-time

workers in finance, insurance, and real estate, according to the latest annual survey of jobrelated injuries and illnesses by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

 The 1994 findings announced today are the second in a continuing series of three annual

releases from the BLS safety and health statistical series. In August 1995, the first release

covered work-related fatalities from the 1994 National Census of Fatal Occupational

Injuries. In spring 1996, a third release will contain information on the characteristics of

workers sustaining serious nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 1994, for example, their

occupation, the nature of their injury or illness, and how it happened.

 The annual survey provides estimates of the number and frequency (incidence rates) of

workplace injuries and illnesses based on logs kept by private industry employers during

the year. These records reflect not only the year’s injury and illness experience, but also

the employer’s understanding of which cases are work related under current recordkeeping guidelines of the U.S. Department of Labor. The number of injuries and illnesses

reported in any given year also can be influenced by changes in the level of economic

activity, working conditions and work practices, worker experience and training, and the

number of hours worked.

 After decreasing from 8.9 to 8.5 cases per 100 full-time workers from 1992 to 1993, the

incidence rate of reported injuries and illnesses fell to 8.4 cases per 100 full-time workers

in 1994. During the last 10 years, such rates have fluctuated within a range of 7.9 to 8.9

(table 4).
- 2 -

1994 Results

 Of the 6.8 million nonfatal injuries and illnesses, nearly 6.3 million were injuries that

resulted in either lost worktime, medical treatment other than first aid, loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or transfer to another job. The remainder of

these private industry cases (about 515,000) were work-related illnesses.

Other findings on the 1994 nonfatal injuries and illnesses follow:

 * Slightly more than 3 million injuries and illnesses were serious

 enough to require recuperation away from work or to restrict

 duties at work, or both (table 2).

 * Manufacturing accounted for slightly more than three-fifths of

 all newly reported occupational illnesses (table 2).

 * Nearly two-thirds of the workplace illnesses were disorders

 associated with repeated trauma (332,000), such as carpal tunnel

 syndrome. (See “Background of the Survey” for limitations on

 kinds of illnesses reported.) The number of repeated trauma

 cases reported in 1994 was 10 percent higher than the correspond-

 ing 1993 figure (302,000).

 * Nationwide, injury rates generally are higher for mid-size

 establishments employing 50 to 249 workers than for smaller or

 larger establishments, although this pattern does not hold within

 certain industry divisions (table 3).

 * At 2.8 per 100 full-time workers, the 1994 rate of serious

 nonfatal cases resulting in days away from work was the lowest on

 record (table 4). The rate of such cases has declined for 4 years in

 a row.

 * For the first time in the more than 20-year history of the survey, the

 injury and illness rate in construction fell below the rate in manufac-

 turing. The overall rates for these two industry divisions continued to

 be higher than the rates in other industry divisions (table 5).
- 3 -

 * Industry rates can vary widely among individual industries sharing

 the same broad industrial activity. Rates in manufacturing, for

 example, ranged from about 15 per 100 full-time workers in primary

 metal industries to about 4 per 100 workers in petroleum and coal

 industries (table 6).

 * Eight industries, each having at least 100,000 injuries, accounted for

 about 1.8 million injuries, or nearly 30 percent of the 6.3 million total

 (table 7).

Background of the Survey

 The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/State program in which

employer reports are collected from about 250,000 private industry establishments and

processed by state agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational injury and illness data for coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for railroad activities

were provided by the Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health Administration and

the Department of Transportation’s Federal Railroad Administration. The survey

measures nonfatal injuries and illnesses only. The survey also excludes the self-employed;

farmers with fewer than 11 employees; private households; and employees in federal,

state, and local government agencies.

 In addition to the summary injury and illness data presented in this release, the BLS

survey will provide details on the more seriously injured and ill workers (occupations, age,

gender, race, and length of service) and on the circumstances of their injuries and illnesses

(nature of the injury/illness, part of body affected, event or exposure, and primary and

secondary sources of the injury/illness). “More seriously” is defined in this survey as

involving days away from work. This more detailed information is scheduled for release in

spring 1996.

 The survey continues to measure the number of new work-related illness cases which

are recognized, diagnosed, and reported during the year. Some conditions, e.g., long-term

latent illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens, often are difficult to relate to the

workplace and are not adequately recognized and reported. These long-term latent

illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey’s illness measures. In contrast, the

overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses are those which are easier to directly

relate to workplace activity (e.g., contact dermatitis or carpal tunnel syndrome).

 The survey estimates of occupational injuries and illnesses are based on a scientifically

selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire population. These samplebased estimates may differ from the results which would be obtained from a census of the
- 4 -

population. The sample used was one of many possible samples, each of which could have

produced different estimates. The variation in the sample estimates across all possible

samples that could have been drawn is measured by the standard error.

 For example, the 1994 incidence rate for all occupational injuries and illnesses of 8.4 per

100 full-time workers in private industry has an estimated relative standard error of about

0.6 percent or slightly less than 0.1 percentage point. A relative standard error was

calculated for each estimate from the survey and will be published in a BLS bulletin that

will be available in the fall of 1996.

 The data also are subject to nonsampling error. The inability to obtain information

about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and definitional

difficulties are examples of nonsampling error in the survey. Nonsampling errors are not

measured. However, BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures to minimize

nonsampling error in the survey.
Table 1. Nonfatal occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers, 1 by industry division, 1994

Industry division Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

Total 2 workdays

With

days away

from work 3

Private industry 4 ................................. 8.4 3.8 2.8 4.6

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4 ........... 10.0 4.7 3.9 5.2

Mining 5 ................................................... 6.3 3.9 3.3 2.4

Construction ............................................ 11.8 5.5 4.9 6.3

Manufacturing ......................................... 12.2 5.5 3.2 6.8

Durable goods ....................................... 13.5 5.7 3.5 7.8

Nondurable goods ................................. 10.5 5.1 2.8 5.3

Transportation and public utilities 5 ......... 9.3 5.5 4.2 3.9

Wholesale and retail trade ...................... 7.9 3.4 2.7 4.4

Wholesale trade ..................................... 7.7 3.8 2.8 3.9

Retail trade ............................................ 7.9 3.3 2.6 4.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ 2.7 1.1 .9 1.6

Services .................................................. 6.5 2.8 2.2 3.7

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and

illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: 

(N/EH) x 200,000, where 

 

N =number of injuries and illnesses 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks 

 per year). 

2 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only

in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without

restricted work activity.

3 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in

days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 4 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 5 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators

in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in

railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety

and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the

Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of

Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded

from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

 NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the

totals.
Table 2. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, 1994

Industry division

Total

cases

(000’s)

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

workdays

(000’s)

Total 1

(000’s)

With

days away

from work 2

(000’s)

INJURIES AND ILLNESSES

Private industry 3 ....................................... 6,766.9 3,061.0 2,236.6 3,705.9

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3 ................. 106.1 50.3 41.0 55.8

Mining 4 ......................................................... 39.7 24.6 20.7 15.1

Construction .................................................. 529.3 246.1 218.8 283.2

Manufacturing ............................................... 2,232.6 996.7 584.2 1,235.8

Durable goods ............................................. 1,423.3 600.8 365.4 822.4

Nondurable goods ....................................... 809.3 395.9 218.8 413.4

Transportation and public utilities 4 ............... 532.5 311.4 241.7 221.0

Wholesale and retail trade ............................ 1,648.5 714.3 560.4 934.2

Wholesale trade ........................................... 455.1 222.5 165.8 232.6

Retail trade .................................................. 1,193.4 491.8 394.6 701.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate .............. 166.1 66.8 55.3 99.3

Services ........................................................ 1,512.2 650.7 514.4 861.5

INJURIES

Private industry 3 ....................................... 6,252.2 2,848.3 2,119.3 3,403.9

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3 ................. 100.4 48.5 39.7 51.8

Mining 4 ......................................................... 38.1 24.0 20.1 14.1

Construction .................................................. 519.4 241.7 214.9 277.7

Manufacturing ............................................... 1,906.1 859.4 526.2 1,046.7

Durable goods ............................................. 1,223.0 524.5 330.0 698.5

Nondurable goods ....................................... 683.1 334.8 196.1 348.3

Transportation and public utilities 4 ............... 510.4 301.5 233.9 208.9

Wholesale and retail trade ............................ 1,601.6 691.7 543.3 909.9

Wholesale trade ........................................... 438.5 214.0 159.6 224.5

Retail trade .................................................. 1,163.0 477.7 383.6 685.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate .............. 147.5 58.8 49.0 88.7

Services ........................................................ 1,428.8 622.8 492.3 806.0

ILLNESSES

Private industry 3 ....................................... 514.7 212.7 117.3 302.0

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3 ................. 5.8 1.8 1.3 3.9

Mining 4 ......................................................... 1.6 .6 .6 1.0

Construction .................................................. 9.8 4.4 4.0 5.5

Manufacturing ............................................... 326.5 137.4 58.1 189.1

Durable goods ............................................. 200.3 76.3 35.4 124.0

Nondurable goods ....................................... 126.2 61.1 22.7 65.1

Transportation and public utilities 4 ............... 22.0 10.0 7.8 12.1

Wholesale and retail trade ............................ 47.0 22.6 17.1 24.4

Wholesale trade ........................................... 16.6 8.5 6.1 8.1

Retail trade .................................................. 30.4 14.1 11.0 16.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate .............. 18.6 8.0 6.3 10.6

Services ........................................................ 83.4 27.9 22.0 55.5

1 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity

only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or

without restricted work activity. 2 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result

in days away from work with or without restricted work

activity. 3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 4 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining

operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for

employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by

the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S.

Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad

Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. 

Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal,

metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

 NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add

to the totals.
Table 3. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers, 1 by industry division and employment size, 1994

Industry division

Establishment employment size (workers)

1

to

10

11

to

49

50

to

249

250

to

999

1,000

or

more

Private industry 2 ..................................................... 3.3 6.8 9.9 8.9 8.2

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2 ............................... 7.3 9.3 10.4 9.7 10.4

Mining 3 ....................................................................... 4.2 7.2 6.5 5.0 5.1

Construction ................................................................ 7.6 12.7 14.4 10.0 4.3

Manufacturing ............................................................. 5.3 10.4 12.2 9.7 9.7

Durable goods ........................................................... 6.9 12.6 13.6 10.4 10.7

Nondurable goods ..................................................... 2.9 7.0 10.5 8.9 7.7

Transportation and public utilities 3 ............................. 3.4 7.8 10.5 8.9 10.1

Wholesale and retail trade .......................................... 3.2 6.9 10.2 10.3 8.6

Wholesale trade ......................................................... 3.5 7.1 10.1 8.8 8.0

Retail trade ................................................................ 3.0 6.8 10.2 10.9 8.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate ............................ 1.9 2.4 3.1 2.4 1.5

Services ...................................................................... 2.1 4.0 8.1 8.6 7.7

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 

full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000, where 

 

N =number of injuries 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).

2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in

coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad

transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health

Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad

Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent

mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal

mining industries.
Table 4. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers, 1 1973-94 2

Year

Injuries and illnesses Injuries

Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

workdays

Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

Total 3 workdays

With

days away

from work 4

Total 3

With

days away

from work 4

1973 .............................. 11.0 3.4 – 7.5 10.6 3.3 – 7.3

1974 .............................. 10.4 3.5 – 6.9 10.0 3.4 – 6.6

1975 .............................. 9.1 3.3 3.2 5.8 8.8 3.2 3.1 5.6

1976 .............................. 9.2 3.5 3.3 5.7 8.9 3.4 3.2 5.5

1977 .............................. 9.3 3.8 3.6 5.5 9.0 3.7 3.5 5.3

1978 5 ........................... 9.4 4.1 3.8 5.3 9.2 4.0 3.7 5.2

1979 5 ........................... 9.5 4.3 4.0 5.2 9.2 4.2 3.9 5.0

1980 .............................. 8.7 4.0 3.7 4.7 8.5 3.9 3.6 4.6

1981 .............................. 8.3 3.8 3.5 4.5 8.1 3.7 3.4 4.4

1982 .............................. 7.7 3.5 3.2 4.2 7.6 3.4 3.2 4.1

1983 5 ........................... 7.6 3.4 3.2 4.2 7.5 3.4 3.1 4.1

1984 5 ........................... 8.0 3.7 3.4 4.3 7.8 3.6 3.3 4.2

1985 .............................. 7.9 3.6 3.3 4.3 7.7 3.6 3.3 4.2

1986 .............................. 7.9 3.6 3.3 4.3 7.7 3.6 3.3 4.2

1987 .............................. 8.3 3.8 3.4 4.4 8.0 3.7 3.3 4.3

1988 .............................. 8.6 4.0 3.5 4.6 8.3 3.8 3.4 4.4

1989 .............................. 8.6 4.0 3.4 4.6 8.2 3.9 3.3 4.4

1990 .............................. 8.8 4.1 3.4 4.7 8.3 3.9 3.3 4.5

1991 .............................. 8.4 3.9 3.2 4.5 7.9 3.7 3.1 4.2

1992 6 ........................... 8.9 3.9 3.0 5.0 8.3 3.6 2.9 4.7

1993 6 ........................... 8.5 3.8 2.9 4.8 7.9 3.5 2.7 4.4

1994 6 ........................... 8.4 3.8 2.8 4.6 7.7 3.5 2.6 4.2

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and

illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: 

(N/EH) x 200,000, where 

N =number of injuries and illnesses 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks 

 per year). 

2 Data for 1973-1975 are based on the Standard Industrial

Classification Manual, 1967 Edition; data for 1976-1987 are

based on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1972

Edition; and data for 1988-1994 are based on the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition. 

 

3 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in

addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted

work activity. 4 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in

days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 5 To maintain historical comparability with the rest of the

series, data for small nonfarm employers in low-risk industries

who were not surveyed were imputed and included in the survey

estimates.

6 Data for 1992-1994 exclude fatal work-related injuries and

illnesses.

 NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the

totals. Data for 1976-1994 exclude farms with fewer than 11

employees.

 – Data not available. 
Table 5. Nonfatal occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers, 1 by industry division, 1992-94

Industry division

Total cases

Lost workday cases

Cases without lost workdays

Total 2 With days away from work 3

1992 1993 1994 1992 1993 1994 1992 1993 1994 1992 1993 1994

 Private industry 4 .................................. 8.9 8.5 8.4 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 5.0 4.8 4.6

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4 .............. 11.6 11.2 10.0 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.2 3.9 6.2 6.2 5.2

Mining 5 ...................................................... 7.3 6.8 6.3 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.4

Construction ............................................... 13.1 12.2 11.8 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.9 7.3 6.7 6.3Manufacturing ............................................. 12.5 12.1 12.2 5.4 5.3 5.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 7.1 6.8 6.8 Durable goods .......................................... 13.4 13.1 13.5 5.5 5.4 5.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 7.9 7.7 7.8 Nondurable goods .................................... 11.3 10.7 10.5 5.3 5.0 5.1 3.3 3.0 2.8 6.0 5.7 5.3Transportation and public utilities 5 ............ 9.1 9.5 9.3 5.1 5.4 5.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9

Wholesale and retail trade .......................... 8.4 8.1 7.9 3.5 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 4.9 4.7 4.4 Wholesale trade ........................................ 7.6 7.8 7.7 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 Retail trade ............................................... 8.7 8.2 7.9 3.4 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.6 5.3 4.9 4.6Finance, insurance, and real estate ........... 2.9 2.9 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 .9 1.7 1.7 1.6Services ...................................................... 7.1 6.7 6.5 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 4.2 3.9 3.7

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 

full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000, where 

N =number of injuries and illnesses EH =total hours worked by all employees during  the calendar year 200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working  40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). 

2 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to 

days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work activity. 

3 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 4 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 5 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetalmining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety andHealth Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration,U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from thecoal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.
Table 6. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers, 1 by industry, 1994

Industry 2 SIC

code 3

Annual

average

employment 4

(000’s)

Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

Total 5 workdays

With

days away

from work 6

Private industry 7 ........................................... 95,449.3 7.7 3.5 2.6 4.2

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 7 ..................... 1,228.1 9.4 4.6 3.7 4.9

Agricultural production 7 .................................... 01-02 n.a. 9.7 4.6 3.7 5.1

Agricultural production-crops 7 ........................ 01 n.a. 8.8 4.2 3.4 4.6

Agricultural production-livestock 7 ................... 02 n.a. 12.8 6.0 4.6 6.8

Agricultural services ........................................ 07 n.a. 9.3 4.5 3.8 4.7

Forestry ........................................................... 08 n.a. 8.9 4.4 3.8 4.5

Fishing, hunting, and trapping ......................... 09 n.a. 6.4 4.0 3.2 2.4

Mining 8 ............................................................. 600.0 6.0 3.8 3.2 2.2

Metal mining 8 ................................................. 10 48.8 5.3 3.0 2.1 2.3

Coal mining 8 ................................................... 12 112.2 9.3 7.2 6.9 2.1

Oil and gas extraction ..................................... 13 335.8 5.2 2.9 2.3 2.3

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 8 ............... 14 103.3 5.8 3.5 2.8 2.2

Construction ...................................................... 5,010.0 11.5 5.4 4.8 6.2

General building contractors ............................ 15 1,200.5 10.7 5.0 4.4 5.7

Heavy construction, except building ................ 16 736.4 10.0 4.9 4.2 5.1

Special trade contractors ................................. 17 3,072.8 12.3 5.6 5.1 6.6

Manufacturing ................................................... 18,303.0 10.4 4.7 2.9 5.7

Durable goods ................................................... 10,431.0 11.6 5.0 3.1 6.6

Lumber and wood products ............................. 24 752.2 14.9 7.4 5.4 7.5

Furniture and fixtures ....................................... 25 501.8 13.6 6.3 3.9 7.3

Stone, clay, and glass products ....................... 32 532.5 12.3 6.1 4.1 6.2

Primary metal industries .................................. 33 699.1 15.3 6.7 4.2 8.6

Fabricated metal products ............................... 34 1,387.1 15.0 6.2 4.0 8.8

Industrial machinery and equipment ................ 35 1,984.7 10.5 4.0 2.6 6.6

Electronic and other electric equipment .......... 36 1,570.8 6.6 2.9 1.7 3.8

Transportation equipment ................................ 37 1,748.9 14.8 6.2 3.5 8.6

Instruments and related products .................... 38 863.3 4.5 2.0 1.2 2.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries .......... 39 390.3 8.7 3.9 2.4 4.9

Nondurable goods ............................................. 7,872.0 8.8 4.3 2.5 4.5

Food and kindred products .............................. 20 1,679.6 13.6 7.3 4.0 6.3

Tobacco products ............................................ 21 42.2 4.9 2.3 1.8 2.6

Textile mill products ......................................... 22 673.2 7.3 3.5 1.6 3.8

Apparel and other textile products ................... 23 969.4 6.8 2.9 1.9 3.9

Paper and allied products ................................ 26 691.3 8.8 4.2 2.5 4.6

Printing and publishing .................................... 27 1,541.5 6.1 2.8 2.0 3.4

Chemicals and allied products ......................... 28 1,060.6 5.0 2.5 1.4 2.5

Petroleum and coal products ........................... 29 148.9 4.3 2.2 1.2 2.1

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .. 30 952.0 12.7 6.1 3.6 6.6

Leather and leather products ........................... 31 113.6 9.6 4.0 2.5 5.6

Transportation and public utilities 8 ................... 6,006.0 9.0 5.3 4.1 3.7

Railroad transportation 8 ................................. 40 240.5 5.0 3.8 3.3 1.2

Local and interurban passenger transit ........... 41 410.3 9.4 5.0 4.3 4.4

Trucking and warehousing .............................. 42 1,797.3 14.5 9.0 6.9 5.5

Water transportation ........................................ 44 168.8 9.2 5.0 4.7 4.2

Transportation by air ........................................ 45 747.8 12.6 7.7 6.5 5.0

Pipelines, except natural gas ........................... 46 17.6 2.2 1.3 1.1 1.0

Transportation services ................................... 47 392.4 3.9 2.1 1.6 1.8

Communications .............................................. 48 1,304.6 2.9 1.5 1.2 1.4

Electric, gas, and sanitary services ................. 49 926.5 6.8 3.4 2.1 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers, 1 by industry, 1994 — Continued

Industry 2 SIC

code 3

Annual

average

employment 4

(000’s)

Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

Total 5 workdays

With

days away

from work 6

Wholesale and retail trade ................................ 26,577.0 7.6 3.3 2.6 4.3

Wholesale trade ................................................ 6,140.0 7.4 3.6 2.7 3.8

Wholesale trade--durable goods ..................... 50 3,542.0 6.8 3.1 2.3 3.7

Wholesale trade--nondurable goods ............... 51 2,599.0 8.3 4.4 3.3 3.9

Retail trade ........................................................ 20,437.0 7.7 3.2 2.5 4.5

Building materials and garden supplies ........... 52 828.0 10.2 4.8 3.8 5.4

General merchandise stores ........................... 53 2,545.4 10.5 5.2 3.6 5.3

Food stores ...................................................... 54 3,289.1 10.1 4.2 3.6 5.9

Automotive dealers and service stations ......... 55 2,122.5 7.2 2.8 2.3 4.4

Apparel and accessory stores ......................... 56 1,134.0 4.0 1.6 1.2 2.4

Furniture and homefurnishings stores ............. 57 890.0 5.6 2.7 2.2 2.9

Eating and drinking places .............................. 58 7,069.0 7.6 2.6 2.2 5.0

Miscellaneous retail ......................................... 59 2,559.5 4.2 1.9 1.5 2.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate .................. 6,933.0 2.4 .9 .8 1.4

Depository institutions ..................................... 60 2,075.4 1.9 .7 .6 1.2

Nondepository institutions ............................... 61 498.5 1.3 .5 .4 .8

Security and commodity brokers ..................... 62 518.0 .6 .2 .2 .4

Insurance carriers ............................................ 63 1,550.7 2.0 .6 .5 1.4

Insurance agents, brokers, and service ........... 64 686.4 1.2 .4 .3 .8

Real estate ...................................................... 65 1,373.0 5.5 2.6 2.1 2.9

Holding and other investment offices .............. 67 231.4 1.7 .7 .6 1.0

Services ............................................................ 30,792.2 6.1 2.7 2.1 3.5

Hotels and other lodging places ...................... 70 1,618.0 9.9 4.6 3.4 5.3

Personal services ............................................ 72 1,139.3 3.9 1.8 1.4 2.1

Business services ............................................ 73 6,239.0 4.6 2.2 1.8 2.4

Auto repair, services, and parking ................... 75 970.5 6.8 2.9 2.4 3.9

Miscellaneous repair services ......................... 76 333.9 7.4 3.4 2.8 4.0

Motion pictures ................................................ 78 471.2 2.9 1.0 .8 1.9

Amusement and recreation services ............... 79 1,344.1 8.6 3.7 2.8 4.9

Health services ................................................ 80 9,000.7 8.8 3.7 2.9 5.1

Legal services .................................................. 81 926.8 .9 .3 .3 .6

Educational services ........................................ 82 1,822.0 3.9 1.4 1.2 2.5

Social services ................................................. 83 2,180.7 7.3 3.3 2.6 4.0

Museums, botanical, zoological gardens ......... 84 79.0 6.7 2.8 2.1 3.9

Engineering and management services .......... 87 2,567.0 2.3 1.0 .7 1.4

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100

full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000, where 

 

N =number of injuries 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks 

 per year). 

2 Totals for divisions include data for industries not shown

separately. 3 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition. 

4 Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived

primarily from the BLS-State Current Employment Statistics program. 

Annual average employment for the agriculture, forestry, and fishing

division is obtained from the Survey of Occupational Injuries and

Illnesses.

5 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in

addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work

activity. 6 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days

away from work with or without restricted work activity. 7 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 8 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal,

metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation

are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S.

Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.

Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are

excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

 NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.

 n.a. = data not available. 
Table 7. Nonfatal occupational injuries: number of cases and incidence rates, per 100 full-time workers ,1 for industries with

100,000 or more injury cases, 1994

 Industry SIC

 code 2

 Total

 cases

 (000's)

 Incidence

 rate

Eating and drinking places ................................................ 581 356.6 7.6

Hospitals .............................................................................. 806 311.7 10.3

Trucking and courier services, except air ........................ 421 242.0 14.8

Grocery stores..................................................................... 541 228.0 10.8

Nursing and personal care facilities ................................. 805 217.2 16.5

Motor vehicles and equipment manufacturing ................ 371 171.4 18.2

Department stores .............................................................. 531 171.4 10.8

Hotels and motels ............................................................... 701 124.8 10.0

 1 Incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: ( N/EH) X 200,000

where,

 N = number of injuries

 EH = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year

 200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).

 2 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.