Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-0478 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 28, 2017

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – MARCH 2017 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.8 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 

period ending in March 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries

(which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.8 percent, and benefits (which 

make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) increased 0.7 percent. (See chart 1 and tables A, 1, 

2, and 3.)

Civilian Workers

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.4 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 

2017. In March 2016, compensation costs increased 1.9 percent. Wages and salaries increased 

2.5 percent for the current 12-month period and increased 2.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in 

March 2016. Benefit costs increased 2.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2017. In 

March 2016, the increase was 1.7 percent. (See chart 2 and tables A, 4, 8, and 12.) 

Private Industry Workers 

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.3 percent over the year. In March 2016, the 

increase was 1.8 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.6 percent for the current 12-month period. In 

March 2016, the increase was 2.0 percent. The cost of benefits rose 1.9 percent for the 12-month period 

ending in March 2017, higher than the 1.2 percent increase in March 2016. (See charts 3 and 4 and tables 

A, 5, 9, and 12.) 

Chart 2. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, wages and salaries and 

benefits

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

Chart 1. Three-month percent change, seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, compensation

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
- 2 -

Chart 5. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally adjusted,

state and local government, wages and salaries and benefits

Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2017.

(For further information, see www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.) 

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month 

period ending in March 2017 ranged from 2.0 percent for management, professional, and related 

occupations to 3.4 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.) 

Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the current 

12-month period ranged from 1.5 percent for professional and business services to 4.3 percent for leisure

and hospitality. (See table 5.)

State and Local Government Workers 

Compensation costs for state and local 

government workers increased 

2.6 percent for the 12-month period 

ending in March 2017. In March 2016, 

the increase was 2.4 percent. Wages and 

salaries increased 2.2 percent for the 

12-month period ending in March 2017,

higher than the March 2016 increase of

1.8 percent. Benefit costs increased

3.1 percent for the 12-month period

ending in March 2017. The prior year’s

increase was 3.5 percent. (See chart 5

and tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

Chart 4. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, private industry, wages and salaries and 

benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

Chart 3. Twelve-month percent change, not 

seasonally adjusted, private industry, benefits and 

health benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

Health benefits

Benefits
- 3 -

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index

(Percent change)

Category

3-month,

seasonally adjusted 12-month, not seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar. 

2016

June

2016

Sept.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar. 

2017

CIVILIAN 

WORKERS1

Compensation2 0.5 0.8 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4

Wages and salaries 0.5 0.8 2.0 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5

Benefits 0.5 0.7 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2

PRIVATE 

INDUSTRY

Compensation2 0.5 0.8 1.8 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3

Wages and salaries 0.5 0.9 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.6

Benefits 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9

STATE AND 

LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT

Compensation2 0.6 0.6 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.6

Wages and salaries 0.5 0.6 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.2

Benefits 0.7 0.8 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.1 3.1

1

Includes private industry and state and local government.

2

Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

The Employment Cost Index for June 2017 is scheduled for release on 

Friday, July 28, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 

Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an email subscription service at 

www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.
- 4 -

TECHNICAL NOTE 

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of 

employment shifts among occupations and industries. Detailed information on survey concepts, 

coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation can be found in the BLS Handbook of

Methods, Chapter 8, “National Compensation Measures,” at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf. 

Sample size

Data for the March 2017 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 

27,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,700 private industry establishments 

and approximately 8,100 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 

government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 

Standard errors

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors of 

all current quarter estimates except seasonally adjusted series are made available shortly after publication 

of the news release. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that 

it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For further information see 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm. 

Health insurance data

Data from the ECI that provide 12-month percent changes in employer costs for health insurance in 

private industry are available at www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf. 

Historical listings

Historical listings that provide all ECI data are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Included among 

these listings is one that provides continuous occupational and industry series. This listing uses the 

Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Census of Population series through 2005 and the North 

American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the 

present. It provides the official series from the beginning of the ECI in 1975 through the current quarter. 

For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article published in the 

Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on data from the ECI, are published in a 

separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). These releases are 

issued 3 months after the reference period. The ECEC release dates are available at 

www.bls.gov/schedule/2017/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at 

www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the 

fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from 

those in the ECI. For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the 

ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-theemployment-cost-index.htm. 
- 5 -

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

Civilian workers

All workers2 128.0 129.0 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 

Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 125.9 126.6 .6 .7 .4 .7 .5 .6 .3 .6 

 Manufacturing 125.7 126.3 .7 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 

 Service-providing industries4 128.6 129.6 .6 .1 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 

 Education and health services 128.7 129.5 .5 .6 .4 .6 .4 .6 .7 .5 

Educational services 129.2 130.1 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5 .6 .8 .6 

Elementary and secondary schools 129.0 129.8 .6 .6 .5 .9 .5 .6 .9 .5 

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools

129.4 130.4 .6 .6 .6 .4 .3 .6 .5 .7 

Health care and social assistance5 128.3 129.0 .5 .4 .4 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5 

Hospitals 129.1 129.8 .5 .5 .4 .6 .5 .6 .5 .7 

Nursing and residential care facilities 125.0 125.6 .5 .5 .6 .4 .7 .7 .6 .6 

 Public administration 132.2 133.3 .3 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 

 Private industry workers

All workers 127.3 128.3 .7 .0 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 

Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 127.6 128.5 .6 .2 .6 .5 .5 .3 .5 .5 

 Management, business, and financial 128.5 129.5 .6 .2 .8 .6 .5 .2 .6 .7 

 Professional and related 126.9 127.7 .5 .2 .3 .6 .5 .3 .4 .2 

 Sales and office 127.1 128.2 1.1 -.7 .8 .6 .8 1.0 .2 .3 

 Sales and related 122.4 124.0 2.1 -2.3 1.0 .3 .7 1.3 -.2 -.2 

 Office and administrative support 130.5 131.2 .3 .6 .6 .7 .9 .6 .7 .6 

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 127.8 128.5 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

128.3 129.4 .3 .5 .6 .4 .7 .7 .3 .8 

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 127.3 127.6 .2 .1 .3 .5 .3 .5 .5 .5 

 Production, transportation, and material moving 127.2 128.2 .7 .6 .5 .7 .7 .6 .6 .7 

 Production 125.6 126.4 .8 .5 .6 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 

 Transportation and material moving 129.4 130.6 .7 .6 .5 .5 .9 .6 .7 .9 

 Service occupations 127.3 128.5 .7 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 .7 .7 

Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 125.8 126.6 .6 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .4 .6 

 Construction 125.6 126.9 .3 .7 .6 .7 .5 .7 .0 .7 

 Manufacturing 125.7 126.3 .7 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 

Aircraft manufacturing 113.5 115.2 .3 .4 -.5 .4 1.7 .6 -.9 1.2 

 Service-providing industries6 127.8 128.8 .7 -.1 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .4 

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 128.8 130.1 .2 .6 1.0 .2 1.1 .6 .5 .5 

Retail trade 129.3 130.5 .4 1.0 .9 .7 1.4 .7 .7 .7 

Transportation and warehousing 131.1 131.8 .4 .8 .6 .4 1.2 .5 .6 1.1 

Utilities 138.5 139.2 1.1 .6 .9 .6 .6 .5 .7 .9 

 Information 125.5 125.9 1.0 -3.6 .7 .3 .7 .1 .8 .5 

 Financial activities 127.7 128.0 .8 .6 .1 .8 .2 .8 1.2 .6 

Finance and insurance 127.9 128.2 .7 .7 .1 .9 .1 .8 1.4 .6 

Credit intermediation and related 

activities

127.1 127.9 .7 .7 .5 .5 .6 .5 1.4 .6 

Insurance carriers and related activities 129.7 130.9 .8 .4 .4 1.3 .4 .7 1.2 .2 

See footnotes at end of table.
- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 

 Industry

 Real estate and rental and leasing 126.7 127.0 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 

 Professional and business services 128.2 129.3 1.3 -1.0 1.0 .6 .6 .4 .2 .2 

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 130.5 131.6 1.9 -1.8 1.0 .5 .6 .5 .2 .2 

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

124.6 125.5 .2 -.2 1.0 .7 .6 .1 .2 -.5 

 Education and health services 127.8 128.5 .5 .4 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5 

 Educational services 128.4 129.2 .6 .2 .3 .5 .5 .6 .2 .8 

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

129.4 130.2 .6 .4 .4 .5 .3 .5 .4 .7 

 Health care and social assistance5 127.6 128.4 .3 .5 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5 .4 

 Hospitals 128.8 129.6 .5 .6 .3 .6 .4 .6 .6 .7 

 Nursing and residential care facilities 123.6 124.2 .3 .6 .5 .3 .7 .7 .7 .7 

 Leisure and hospitality 126.0 128.4 .6 .5 -.1 .8 1.0 .9 .8 .6 

 Accommodation and food services 126.9 129.2 .6 .2 .1 .9 1.1 1.0 1.0 .6 

 Other services, except public administration 128.5 129.1 1.1 .6 .5 .5 .1 .9 .9 .7 

 State and local government workers

All workers 131.0 131.8 .6 .6 .6 .7 .5 .5 .8 .6 

 Industry

 Education and health services 129.8 130.6 .6 .6 .6 .8 .5 .5 .9 .5 

 Educational services 129.4 130.3 .7 .7 .6 .7 .5 .6 .9 .5 

 Schools 129.4 130.2 .7 .6 .6 .8 .5 .6 .9 .6 

 Elementary and secondary schools 129.3 130.1 .6 .7 .5 .9 .6 .6 .9 .5 

 Health care and social assistance5 133.0 133.3 .7 .4 .5 .8 .6 .5 .5 .6 

 Hospitals 130.6 130.8 .4 .4 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 

 Public administration 132.2 133.3 .3 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. 

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 

 6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 7 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 126.6 127.6 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 126.2 127.1 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 

 Manufacturing 126.4 127.1 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 

 Service-providing industries3 126.8 127.8 .7 .2 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 

 Education and health services 125.3 126.1 .5 .5 .3 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 

 Educational services 123.5 124.2 .5 .5 .3 .4 .5 .5 .6 .5 

 Elementary and secondary schools 122.3 122.9 .4 .5 .3 .4 .4 .6 .5 .5 

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

125.4 126.4 .6 .7 .4 .3 .4 .6 .6 .6 

 Health care and social assistance4 127.3 128.1 .4 .5 .4 .5 .5 .6 .6 .4 

 Hospitals 128.0 128.8 .4 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .7 

 Nursing and residential care facilities 123.9 124.8 .6 .7 .6 .4 .6 .7 .7 .7 

 Public administration 124.9 125.8 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5 .6 .6 .5 

 Private industry workers

All workers 127.2 128.3 .7 .2 .7 .6 .6 .7 .5 .5 

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 128.2 129.0 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .3 .5 .5 

 Management, business, and financial 129.3 130.0 .5 .6 1.0 .6 .7 .2 .5 .9 

 Professional and related 127.4 128.2 .5 .5 .4 .6 .6 .4 .5 .2 

 Sales and office 126.5 127.9 1.5 -1.1 .9 .5 .7 1.0 .2 .3 

 Sales and related 122.4 124.3 3.0 -3.2 1.2 .2 .5 1.5 -.5 -.2 

 Office and administrative support 129.7 130.6 .4 .6 .6 .8 1.0 .6 .7 .8 

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 126.8 127.7 .3 .7 .4 .4 .7 .7 .3 .8 

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

126.9 128.1 .2 .4 .6 .4 .9 .9 .2 1.0 

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 126.8 127.2 .3 .9 .2 .5 .4 .6 .6 .5 

 Production, transportation, and material moving 126.8 128.0 .6 .7 .5 .7 .7 .8 .7 .8 

 Production 125.5 126.4 .5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .8 .7 .6 

 Transportation and material moving 128.3 129.7 .7 .7 .4 .6 .9 .9 .6 1.0 

 Service occupations6 127.2 128.6 .7 .0 .4 .6 1.0 1.0 .9 .7 

 

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 126.2 127.2 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 

 Construction 125.1 126.4 .5 .6 .7 .7 .5 .7 .0 .9 

 Manufacturing 126.4 127.1 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 

 Aircraft manufacturing 135.7 136.6 .9 .6 .7 .6 .5 .8 .5 .8 

 Service-providing industries5 127.6 128.6 .7 .1 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .5 

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 127.2 129.1 .3 .4 1.1 .2 .9 .8 .3 .5 

 Retail trade 129.0 130.8 .5 1.1 .8 .7 1.0 .8 .6 .7 

 Transportation and warehousing 129.5 130.6 .4 .7 .5 .5 1.2 .9 .6 1.3 

 Utilities 135.5 136.6 .8 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .8 .9 

 Information 125.1 125.1 .5 .5 .7 .4 1.1 .6 .9 .6 

 Financial activities 128.5 128.3 .8 .5 .1 .9 .3 1.0 1.2 .8 

 Finance and insurance 129.2 129.0 .7 .5 .1 1.0 .1 1.0 1.3 .7 

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

125.5 126.2 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 1.1 .6 

 Insurance carriers and related

 activities

129.7 130.3 .7 .2 .6 1.5 .6 1.0 1.4 .3 

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 8 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

- 8 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 

 Industry

 Professional and business services 128.5 129.4 1.5 -1.2 1.3 .6 .7 .4 .2 .2 

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 130.8 131.7 2.5 -2.3 1.3 .5 .9 .5 .0 .2 

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

125.3 126.3 .1 .4 1.1 .7 .7 .2 .2 -.5 

 Education and health services 127.3 128.1 .5 .4 .4 .4 .6 .6 .4 .6 

 Educational services 127.2 127.9 .6 .2 .3 .4 .6 .7 .2 .9 

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

127.4 128.2 .5 .3 .4 .3 .4 .6 .5 .8 

 Health care and social assistance4 127.3 128.1 .4 .5 .3 .5 .5 .6 .6 .4 

 Hospitals 128.3 129.1 .4 .6 .5 .6 .5 .7 .6 .7 

 Nursing and residential care facilities 123.8 124.8 .5 .7 .7 .3 .7 .7 .7 .7 

 Leisure and hospitality 127.6 130.0 .7 .5 -.2 .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .7 

 Accommodation and food services 128.5 130.8 .7 .2 .1 .9 1.1 1.2 1.0 .8 

 Other services, except public administration 129.1 129.4 1.0 .6 .6 .5 .2 1.0 .9 .8 

 State and local government workers

All workers 124.0 124.8 .5 .5 .3 .4 .5 .5 .6 .5 

 Industry

 Education and health services 123.3 124.0 .5 .6 .3 .4 .4 .5 .6 .5 

 Educational services 122.8 123.5 .5 .5 .3 .4 .4 .5 .7 .4 

 Schools 122.8 123.5 .5 .6 .3 .4 .4 .5 .6 .5 

 Elementary and secondary schools 122.1 122.7 .4 .5 .3 .4 .4 .5 .7 .3 

 Health care and social assistance4 127.5 128.0 .6 .4 .5 .7 .4 .5 .4 .6 

 Hospitals 126.5 127.0 .2 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .4 .6 

 Public administration 124.9 125.8 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5 .6 .6 .5 

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. 

 4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 

 5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 6 The service occupations wages and salaries series is seasonal as of the 2017 seasonal adjustment revision. Historical data for this series are published beginning with

 March 2012. 
- 9 -

 Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Jun.

2016

Sep.

2016

Dec.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 131.3 132.2 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 

 Private industry workers

All workers 127.5 128.3 .6 -.2 .5 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 126.3 127.2 .6 -.6 .3 .4 .1 .3 .4 .4 

 Sales and office 128.6 129.1 .1 .2 .6 .5 1.1 .6 .6 .2 

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 130.1 130.4 .2 -.5 .6 .5 .2 .3 .4 .5 

 Production, transportation, and material moving 128.1 128.8 1.0 .6 .6 .5 .6 .3 .6 .5 

 Service occupations 127.3 128.1 .4 .3 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 124.9 125.4 .5 .5 .2 .7 .3 .4 .3 .3 

 Manufacturing 124.4 125.0 .8 .6 .1 .8 .4 .4 .4 .2 

 Service-providing industries3 128.5 129.5 .6 -.4 .5 .3 .6 .3 .6 .3 

 

 State and local government workers

All workers 144.9 146.0 .7 .8 .8 1.2 .6 .6 1.1 .7 

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 10 -

 Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for civilian workers, by occupational group and indust

 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 10 -

 Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for civilian workers, by occupational group and indust

 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 Civilian workers

All workers2 126.0 127.9 129.0 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.9 2.2 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations3 126.2 128.2 129.3 .7 .4 .9 2.1 2.3 2

 

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 126.4 128.1 129.1 .6 .3 .8 2.0 1.9 2

 Management, business, and financial 126.7 128.7 129.7 .6 .5 .8 2.1 2.1 2

 Professional and related 126.2 127.8 128.7 .5 .2 .7 1.9 1.8 2

 Sales and office 125.6 127.4 128.6 1.0 .1 .9 1.5 2.4 2

 Sales and related 120.9 122.3 123.7 .6 -.4 1.1 -.4 1.7 2

 Office and administrative support 128.4 130.5 131.6 1.1 .4 .8 2.7 2.8 2

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 126.1 128.1 128.9 .6 .5 .6 1.8 2.2 2

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

126.1 128.6 129.4 .6 .8 .6 2.3 2.6 2

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 126.2 127.7 128.3 .6 .2 .5 1.4 1.8 1

 Production, transportation, and material moving 125.1 127.5 128.6 .8 .6 .9 2.5 2.7 2

 Production 123.5 125.7 126.7 .7 .6 .8 2.5 2.5 2

 Transportation and material moving 127.1 129.6 131.1 1.0 .5 1.2 2.5 2.9 3

 Service occupations 126.3 129.1 130.3 .9 .5 .9 2.1 3.1 3

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries4 123.8 125.8 126.5 .5 .5 .6 2.2 2.1 2

 Manufacturing 123.7 125.5 126.4 .7 .3 .7 2.4 2.2 2

 Service-providing industries5 126.3 128.3 129.4 .7 .3 .9 1.8 2.3 2

 Education and health services 126.5 128.7 129.4 .4 .4 .5 2.0 2.1 2

 Educational services 126.5 129.2 129.8 .2 .5 .5 2.3 2.4 2

 Elementary and secondary schools 126.2 129.0 129.5 .3 .4 .4 2.5 2.5 2

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

127.0 129.5 130.4 .2 .5 .7 2.0 2.2 2

 Health care and social assistance6 126.5 128.3 129.1 .6 .5 .6 1.8 2.0 2

 Hospitals 126.8 129.1 129.8 .6 .7 .5 1.9 2.4 2

 Nursing and residential care facilities 122.8 124.9 125.7 .8 .6 .6 2.2 2.5 2

 Public administration 130.0 132.0 133.2 .7 .2 .9 2.4 2.2 2

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. 

 4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and ren

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health c

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administrati

 6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 11 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group an

 industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 11 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group an

 industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 Private industry workers

All workers 125.4 127.2 128.3 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.8 2.2 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.7 127.5 128.7 .9 .4 .9 2.1 2.3 2

 

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 126.0 127.4 128.5 .6 .2 .9 1.8 1.7 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.6 126.9 128.0 .7 .2 .9 1.7 1.8 1

 Management, business, and financial 126.5 128.4 129.5 .6 .5 .9 2.1 2.1 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.9 127.8 129.0 .7 .6 .9 1.6 2.2 2

 Professional and related 125.7 126.7 127.8 .6 .0 .9 1.6 1.4 1

 Sales and office 125.1 126.8 128.1 1.0 .1 1.0 1.4 2.3 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 126.9 129.2 130.4 1.2 .5 .9 2.9 3.0 2

 Sales and related 120.8 122.2 123.6 .6 -.4 1.1 -.4 1.7 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 124.5 127.0 128.4 1.2 .4 1.1 3.1 3.3 3

 Office and administrative support 128.1 130.2 131.4 1.2 .5 .9 2.8 2.8 2

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 125.7 127.7 128.5 .6 .5 .6 1.7 2.2 2

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

125.8 128.4 129.2 .6 .9 .6 2.2 2.6 2

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 125.6 127.1 127.7 .6 .2 .5 1.2 1.8 1

 Production, transportation, and material moving 124.7 127.0 128.3 .8 .5 1.0 2.5 2.7 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.0 127.2 128.5 .9 .5 1.0 2.7 2.7 2

 Production 123.4 125.5 126.5 .7 .4 .8 2.5 2.4 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.6 125.8 126.7 .7 .5 .7 2.5 2.5 2

 Transportation and material moving 126.6 129.1 130.6 1.0 .5 1.2 2.5 3.0 3

 Service occupations 124.4 127.2 128.6 1.0 .6 1.1 2.0 3.2 3

 Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industries3 123.8 125.8 126.5 .5 .5 .6 2.3 2.1 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 124.1 126.1 126.9 .6 .5 .6 2.2 2.3 2

 Management, professional, and related 122.8 124.2 125.1 .6 .2 .7 2.1 1.7 1

 Sales and office 125.1 127.3 127.2 -.2 .4 -.1 3.0 1.5 1

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

125.5 127.7 128.6 .6 .6 .7 2.3 2.3 2

 Production, transportation, and material moving 123.0 125.1 126.0 .7 .4 .7 2.3 2.4 2

 Construction 123.5 125.8 126.6 .1 .7 .6 2.3 1.9 2

 Manufacturing 123.7 125.5 126.4 .7 .3 .7 2.4 2.2 2

 Management, professional, and related 123.8 125.3 126.4 1.0 .2 .9 2.2 2.2 2

 Sales and office 126.5 128.5 129.0 .2 .3 .4 3.1 1.7 2

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

125.3 127.2 127.3 .6 .2 .1 2.5 2.2 1

 Production, transportation, and material 

 moving

122.7 124.8 125.6 .7 .5 .6 2.3 2.4 2

 Aircraft manufacturing 113.3 112.9 115.9 2.9 .8 2.7 1.8 2.5 2

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 12 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group 

 and industry – Continued 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 12 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group 

 and industry – Continued 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 Service-providing industries4 125.9 127.7 128.9 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.7 2.2 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 126.2 128.0 129.3 .9 .3 1.0 2.0 2.3 2

 Management, professional, and related 126.6 128.0 129.1 .6 .2 .9 1.7 1.7 2

 Sales and office 125.1 126.8 128.2 1.1 .1 1.1 1.2 2.4 2

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

125.9 127.8 128.3 .5 .3 .4 .9 2.0 1

 Production, transportation, and material moving 127.0 129.5 131.0 1.1 .6 1.2 2.8 3.1 3

 Service occupations 124.4 127.2 128.6 1.0 .6 1.1 2.0 3.2 3

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 126.7 128.5 130.1 1.4 .2 1.2 2.8 2.8 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 127.2 129.4 130.8 1.4 .5 1.1 3.2 3.2 2

 Wholesale trade 124.4 124.8 126.8 .8 -.2 1.6 1.0 1.1 1

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 126.5 128.1 129.2 .9 .2 .9 2.4 2.2 2

 Retail trade 126.5 129.1 130.4 1.6 .5 1.0 4.1 3.7 3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.4 128.1 129.6 1.8 .7 1.2 3.9 4.0 3

 Transportation and warehousing 128.3 130.7 132.0 1.6 .6 1.0 3.0 3.5 2

 Utilities 135.8 137.8 139.3 1.1 .4 1.1 2.8 2.6 2

 Information 123.9 125.4 126.1 1.0 .3 .6 -1.7 2.2 1

 Financial activities 124.2 127.4 127.8 .3 .3 .3 1.6 2.9 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.9 127.8 129.0 1.0 .2 .9 2.2 2.5 2

 Finance and insurance 124.3 127.6 128.0 .2 .2 .3 1.7 2.8 3

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

124.0 126.8 127.8 .7 .2 .8 2.2 3.0 3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 128.2 130.2 132.0 1.2 .2 1.4 2.2 2.8 3

 Insurance carriers and related activities 126.9 129.5 130.8 .6 .0 1.0 2.6 2.7 3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 126.8 128.4 129.8 .7 .1 1.1 2.2 2.0 2

 Real estate and rental and leasing 124.0 126.7 127.1 1.1 .6 .3 1.6 3.3 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 127.5 129.8 130.2 1.0 .4 .3 1.8 2.9 2

 Professional and business services 127.5 128.0 129.4 .8 .0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 129.8 130.2 131.9 1.2 .2 1.3 .4 1.5 1

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

124.6 124.6 125.3 .5 -.6 .6 2.0 .5 

 Education and health services 125.9 127.8 128.5 .4 .5 .5 1.7 1.9 2

 Educational services 126.1 128.6 129.0 .1 .6 .3 1.4 2.1 2

 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and 

 professional schools

127.1 129.6 130.0 .1 .6 .3 1.6 2.0 2

 Health care and social assistance5 125.9 127.6 128.5 .5 .4 .7 1.7 1.8 2

 Hospitals 126.4 128.7 129.6 .5 .7 .7 1.9 2.3 2

 Nursing and residential care facilities 121.2 123.5 124.3 .8 .7 .6 2.2 2.7 2

 Nursing care facilities2 121.4 123.6 124.0 .5 .7 .3 2.3 2.3 2

 Leisure and hospitality 123.2 125.8 128.5 1.1 .4 2.1 2.2 3.3 4

 Accommodation and food services 123.7 126.6 129.3 1.3 .3 2.1 2.4 3.7 4

 Other services, except public administration 125.5 128.2 129.2 .4 .2 .8 1.7 2.6 2

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. 

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and ren

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health ca

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 13 -

 Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status and 

 census region and division 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 13 -

 Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status and 

 census region and division 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 Bargaining status

 Union 129.6 130.6 131.9 0.7 0.2 1.0 1.7 1.5 1

 Goods-producing industries2 125.9 128.0 128.4 .4 .7 .3 2.4 2.1 2

 Manufacturing 121.1 122.8 122.9 .6 .7 .1 2.5 2.0 1

 Service-providing industries3 132.7 133.1 134.8 1.0 -.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1

 Nonunion 124.7 126.6 127.8 .7 .2 .9 1.8 2.3 2

 Goods-producing industries2 123.2 125.1 125.9 .6 .4 .6 2.3 2.1 2

 Manufacturing 124.4 126.3 127.3 .7 .2 .8 2.3 2.3 2

 Service-providing industries3 125.2 127.1 128.2 .8 .3 .9 1.7 2.3 2

 Census region and division4

 

 Northeast

127.3 128.7 130.2 1.4 .4 1.2 1.6 2.5 2

 New England 131.2 131.1 132.7 2.7 .7 1.2 .5 2.7 1

 Middle Atlantic 125.9 127.8 129.3 .9 .3 1.2 2.0 2.4 2

 South 125.1 126.2 127.1 .4 .0 .7 1.5 1.3 1

 South Atlantic 126.0 127.8 128.7 .3 .3 .7 1.4 1.8 2

 East South Central 123.1 125.5 126.5 .6 .3 .8 2.0 2.5 2

 West South Central 124.1 123.8 124.4 .4 -.6 .5 1.2 .2 

 Midwest 123.4 125.7 126.8 .7 .3 .9 1.8 2.6 2

 East North Central 121.9 124.1 125.2 .7 .4 .9 1.4 2.5 2

 West North Central 126.9 129.8 130.8 .9 .2 .8 2.6 3.2 3

 West 126.2 128.6 129.9 .7 .5 1.0 2.5 2.6 2

 Mountain 124.1 126.4 127.5 .1 .5 .9 1.8 1.9 2

 Pacific 127.1 129.6 130.9 1.0 .6 1.0 2.7 2.9 3

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and 

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; healt

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 4 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic

 Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and 

 Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North C

 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mou

 Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 

 

 

 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available. 

 
- 14 -

 Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by occupation

 group and industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 14 -

 Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by occupation

 group and industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 State and local government workers

All workers 128.4 130.9 131.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.4 2.4 2

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 127.3 129.8 130.6 .4 .4 .6 2.4 2.4 2

 Professional and related 127.1 129.7 130.4 .3 .5 .5 2.3 2.4 2

 Sales and office 130.2 132.4 133.2 .8 .1 .6 2.4 2.5 2

 Office and administrative support 130.2 132.4 133.3 .7 .0 .7 2.4 2.4 2

 Service occupations 130.9 133.5 134.4 .7 .5 .7 2.4 2.7 2

 Industry

 Education and health services 127.1 129.8 130.4 .3 .4 .5 2.4 2.4 2

 Educational services 126.6 129.4 130.1 .2 .4 .5 2.4 2.5 2

 Schools2 126.6 129.4 130.0 .3 .5 .5 2.4 2.5 2

 Elementary and secondary schools 126.4 129.3 129.8 .2 .4 .4 2.5 2.5 2

 Health care and social assistance3 130.9 132.8 133.3 .8 .5 .4 2.3 2.2 1

 Hospitals 128.3 130.5 130.9 .7 .5 .3 2.1 2.4 2

 Public administration 130.0 132.0 133.2 .7 .2 .9 2.4 2.2 2

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools. 

 3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 15 -

 Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industr

 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 124.5 126.6 127.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 2.0 2.3 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 124.5 126.7 127.7 .7 .5 .8 2.3 2.5 2

 

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 125.0 126.8 127.6 .6 .3 .6 2.2 2.0 2

 Management, business, and financial 126.5 128.7 129.3 .6 .6 .5 2.8 2.4 2

 Professional and related 124.2 125.7 126.6 .5 .1 .7 1.9 1.7 1

 Sales and office 124.2 126.0 127.4 .6 .1 1.1 1.1 2.1 2

 Sales and related 120.9 122.1 123.7 .2 -.5 1.3 -1.4 1.2 2

 Office and administrative support 126.4 128.8 130.0 1.0 .5 .9 2.8 3.0 2

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 124.3 126.6 127.4 .6 .6 .6 2.2 2.5 2

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

123.8 126.6 127.7 .7 1.0 .9 2.3 3.0 3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 124.8 126.7 127.3 .5 .2 .5 2.0 2.0 2

 Production, transportation, and material moving 123.9 126.7 128.0 .9 .7 1.0 2.6 3.2 3

 Production 123.0 125.7 126.8 .7 .7 .9 2.5 2.9 3

 Transportation and material moving 125.0 127.9 129.5 1.1 .6 1.3 2.6 3.4 3

 Service occupations 124.1 127.0 128.3 .9 .6 1.0 2.0 3.3 3

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 123.9 126.1 127.0 .6 .5 .7 2.6 2.4 2

 Manufacturing 124.0 126.2 127.1 .8 .4 .7 2.6 2.6 2

 Service-providing industries4 124.6 126.6 127.7 .6 .3 .9 1.9 2.3 2

 Education and health services 123.3 125.4 126.0 .3 .4 .5 1.8 2.0 2

 Educational services 121.4 123.7 124.1 .2 .4 .3 1.7 2.1 2

 Elementary and secondary schools 120.3 122.4 122.7 .2 .2 .2 1.6 1.9 2

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

123.1 125.5 126.3 .2 .5 .6 1.8 2.1 2

 Health care and social assistance5 125.4 127.4 128.2 .5 .5 .6 1.9 2.1 2

 Hospitals 125.6 128.0 128.8 .6 .7 .6 2.1 2.5 2

 Nursing and residential care facilities 121.5 123.9 124.8 .7 .7 .7 2.3 2.7 2

 Public administration 123.0 124.9 125.9 .6 .4 .8 1.8 2.1 2

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. 

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and ren

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health c

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public adminstratio

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 16 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 Private industry workers

All workers 125.1 127.1 128.3 0.7 0.3 0.9 2.0 2.3 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 125.2 127.3 128.5 .8 .5 .9 2.5 2.5 2

 

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 126.4 128.1 129.0 .6 .3 .7 2.4 2.0 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 125.6 127.2 128.2 .7 .3 .8 2.2 2.0 2

 Management, business, and financial 127.1 129.2 129.9 .7 .6 .5 3.0 2.4 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 125.9 128.0 128.9 .9 .6 .7 2.4 2.6 2

 Professional and related 126.0 127.2 128.2 .6 .0 .8 2.1 1.6 1

 Sales and office 124.4 126.2 127.7 .7 .1 1.2 1.0 2.2 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 126.0 128.5 129.9 1.0 .5 1.1 2.9 3.0 3

 Sales and related 121.0 122.2 123.8 .2 -.5 1.3 -1.4 1.2 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.2 127.0 128.5 .7 .5 1.2 2.7 3.0 3

 Office and administrative support 127.1 129.5 130.7 1.2 .6 .9 3.1 3.1 2

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 124.3 126.7 127.5 .6 .6 .6 2.1 2.6 2

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

124.0 126.9 127.9 .7 1.0 .8 2.3 3.1 3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 124.8 126.6 127.2 .6 .2 .5 2.0 2.0 1

 Production, transportation, and material moving 123.9 126.6 128.0 .9 .6 1.1 2.6 3.1 3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.3 126.9 128.3 1.0 .6 1.1 2.8 3.1 3

 Production 123.0 125.4 126.5 .8 .5 .9 2.6 2.8 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.2 125.6 126.8 .8 .5 1.0 2.7 2.8 2

 Transportation and material moving 125.1 128.1 129.7 1.1 .7 1.2 2.6 3.5 3

 Service occupations 124.0 127.1 128.6 1.0 .6 1.2 2.0 3.5 3

 Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industries2 123.9 126.2 127.1 .6 .6 .7 2.6 2.4 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.3 126.6 127.6 .7 .6 .8 2.5 2.6 2

 Management, professional, and related 124.9 126.7 127.7 .6 .3 .8 2.6 2.1 2

 Sales and office 125.1 127.5 127.3 -.3 .6 -.2 3.2 1.6 1

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

124.2 126.6 127.8 .7 .8 .9 2.4 2.7 2

 Production, transportation, and material moving 122.6 125.1 126.1 .7 .6 .8 2.4 2.8 2

 Construction 122.8 125.3 126.1 .1 .9 .6 2.6 2.1 2

 Manufacturing 124.0 126.2 127.1 .8 .4 .7 2.6 2.6 2

 Management, professional, and related 125.4 127.3 128.3 1.0 .2 .8 2.6 2.6 2

 Sales and office 126.0 128.1 128.7 .3 .4 .5 3.4 2.0 2

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

125.1 127.5 128.0 .5 .3 .4 2.5 2.4 2

 Production, transportation, and material 

 moving

122.4 124.8 125.8 .8 .6 .8 2.5 2.8 2

 Aircraft manufacturing 133.6 134.7 137.4 1.8 .1 2.0 2.4 2.6 2

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 17 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry – Continued 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 17 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry – Continued 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 Service-providing industries3 125.5 127.4 128.6 0.8 0.2 0.9 1.9 2.3 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 125.5 127.6 128.8 .9 .5 .9 2.4 2.6 2

 Management, professional, and related 126.7 128.3 129.2 .6 .3 .7 2.4 1.9 2

 Sales and office 124.3 126.1 127.7 .8 .0 1.3 .7 2.3 2

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

124.6 126.8 127.2 .6 .2 .3 2.0 2.3 2

 Production, transportation, and material moving 125.4 128.3 130.0 1.0 .6 1.3 2.7 3.4 3

 Service occupations 124.0 127.1 128.6 1.0 .6 1.2 2.0 3.5 3

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 125.1 127.1 128.9 1.0 .3 1.4 2.5 2.6 3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 125.1 127.7 129.3 1.1 .6 1.3 3.0 3.2 3

 Wholesale trade 121.9 121.9 124.3 .7 -.3 2.0 .7 .7 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 122.9 124.6 125.8 .7 .2 1.0 2.6 2.1 2

 Retail trade 126.0 128.9 130.5 .9 .5 1.2 3.7 3.2 3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.4 127.5 129.3 .9 .8 1.4 3.2 3.4 3

 Transportation and warehousing 126.1 129.1 130.6 1.5 .7 1.2 2.9 3.9 3

 Utilities 132.8 135.0 136.7 1.1 .4 1.3 2.2 2.7 2

 Information 122.6 124.9 125.0 1.3 .4 .1 2.7 3.2 2

 Financial activities 124.6 128.2 128.2 .4 .5 .0 1.8 3.3 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 126.2 128.2 129.1 1.2 .4 .7 2.4 2.8 2

 Finance and insurance 125.2 128.8 128.8 .2 .3 .0 1.8 3.1 2

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

122.7 125.2 126.1 .7 .3 .7 2.3 2.8 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 127.0 128.7 130.4 1.4 .3 1.3 2.3 2.7 2

 Insurance carriers and related activities 126.2 129.4 130.2 .8 .0 .6 2.9 3.4 3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 125.4 127.4 128.4 .9 .2 .8 2.4 2.5 2

 Real estate and rental and leasing 122.3 125.4 125.6 1.2 .8 .2 1.8 3.8 2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 126.1 128.6 128.9 1.2 .4 .2 2.0 3.2 2

 Professional and business services 127.7 128.3 129.5 .9 .0 .9 1.3 1.3 1

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 130.2 130.4 132.1 1.4 .2 1.3 .4 1.6 1

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

125.1 125.3 126.0 .5 -.7 .6 3.0 .6 

 Education and health services 125.2 127.3 128.1 .4 .5 .6 1.8 2.1 2

 Educational services 124.7 127.4 127.7 .2 .7 .2 1.5 2.3 2

 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and 

 professional schools

124.9 127.7 128.0 .0 .8 .2 1.5 2.2 2

 Health care and social assistance4 125.3 127.3 128.1 .5 .4 .6 1.8 2.1 2

 Hospitals 125.8 128.3 129.1 .5 .7 .6 2.1 2.5 2

 Nursing and residential care facilities 121.2 123.8 124.8 .7 .7 .8 2.4 2.8 3

 Nursing care facilities1 121.4 123.9 124.5 .4 .6 .5 2.4 2.5 2

 Leisure and hospitality 124.4 127.4 130.1 1.2 .4 2.1 2.2 3.7 4

 Accommodation and food services 124.9 128.2 130.9 1.4 .4 2.1 2.4 4.1 4

 Other services, except public administration 125.8 128.7 129.5 .5 .2 .6 1.9 2.8 2

 1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and ren

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health c

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 18 -

 Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

 census region and division 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 Bargaining status

 Union 126.4 127.3 128.6 0.7 0.1 1.0 2.2 1.4 1

 Goods-producing industries1 122.3 124.7 125.2 .3 .8 .4 2.0 2.3 2

 Manufacturing 120.2 122.3 122.7 .5 .7 .3 2.0 2.3 2

 Service-providing industries2 129.1 129.4 131.0 .9 -.3 1.2 2.2 1.1 1

 Nonunion 125.0 127.1 128.2 .8 .4 .9 2.1 2.5 2

 Goods-producing industries1 124.3 126.6 127.5 .6 .6 .7 2.6 2.5 2

 Manufacturing 124.8 127.1 128.1 .8 .4 .8 2.7 2.7 2

 Service-providing industries2 125.1 127.3 128.4 .7 .4 .9 1.9 2.5 2

 Census region and division3

 Northeast 126.9 128.3 129.7 1.8 .5 1.1 1.8 2.9 2

 New England 132.9 132.1 134.1 3.5 .8 1.5 -.2 2.9 

 Middle Atlantic 124.6 126.9 128.0 1.1 .5 .9 2.5 2.9 2

 South 125.4 126.7 127.7 .3 -.1 .8 1.7 1.4 1

 South Atlantic 126.4 128.3 129.2 .3 .3 .7 1.9 1.8 2

 East South Central 123.0 125.5 126.7 .4 .2 1.0 2.3 2.4 3

 West South Central 124.8 124.5 125.4 .4 -.8 .7 1.3 .2 

 Midwest 122.5 125.3 126.4 .6 .4 .9 2.3 2.9 3

 East North Central 120.8 123.4 124.5 .6 .5 .9 2.0 2.7 3

 West North Central 126.5 129.8 131.0 .6 .3 .9 2.8 3.2 3

 West 125.8 128.7 129.8 .5 .6 .9 2.6 2.8 3

 Mountain 124.4 127.0 128.0 -.4 .5 .8 1.6 1.7 2

 Pacific 126.5 129.5 130.7 .9 .7 .9 3.1 3.3 3

 1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and 

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; healt

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 3 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic

 Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and 

 Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North C

 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mo

 Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 

 

 

 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available. 

 
- 19 -

 Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by occupation

 group and industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 State and local government workers

All workers 122.0 124.1 124.7 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.8 2.1 2

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 121.4 123.4 124.0 .2 .3 .5 1.7 1.9 2

 Professional and related 121.2 123.3 123.8 .2 .3 .4 1.6 1.9 2

 Sales and office 122.0 123.8 124.6 .4 .2 .6 1.8 1.9 2

 Office and administrative support 122.4 124.2 125.0 .4 .2 .6 1.8 1.9 2

 Service occupations 124.3 126.5 127.2 .6 .6 .6 2.0 2.3 2

 Industry

 Education and health services 121.3 123.4 123.9 .2 .2 .4 1.8 2.0 2

 Educational services 120.8 122.9 123.4 .2 .2 .4 1.7 1.9 2

 Schools1 120.8 122.9 123.4 .2 .2 .4 1.8 2.0 2

 Elementary and secondary schools 120.2 122.3 122.6 .2 .2 .2 1.6 1.9 2

 Health care and social assistance2 125.8 127.6 128.1 .5 .6 .4 2.0 1.9 1

 Hospitals 124.5 126.6 127.1 .5 .7 .4 2.0 2.2 2

 Public administration 123.0 124.9 125.9 .6 .4 .8 1.8 2.1 2

 1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools. 

 2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 20 -

 Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status 

 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Ma

201

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 129.4 131.1 132.2 0.8 0.2 0.8 1.7 2.1 2

 Private industry workers

All workers 126.0 127.3 128.4 .7 .2 .9 1.2 1.8 1

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 125.1 126.0 127.4 .5 .2 1.1 .3 1.2 1

 Sales and office 126.8 128.4 129.3 1.4 .1 .7 2.4 2.7 2

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 128.5 129.9 130.5 .5 .4 .5 .7 1.6 1

 Production, transportation, and material moving 126.3 127.9 128.8 .7 .4 .7 2.3 2.0 2

 Service occupations 125.4 127.1 128.3 .9 .4 .9 1.9 2.3 2

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 123.6 124.9 125.4 .4 .2 .4 1.8 1.5 1

 Manufacturing 123.1 124.3 125.0 .5 .2 .6 1.8 1.5 1

 Aircraft manufacturing 91.6 89.6 92.9 4.8 1.8 3.7 .9 2.5 1

 Service-providing industries3 127.0 128.3 129.6 .9 .2 1.0 1.0 1.9 2

 

 Bargaining status

 Union 135.0 136.1 137.4 .8 .4 1.0 1.2 1.6 1

 Nonunion 124.2 125.5 126.6 .7 .2 .9 1.2 1.8 1

 State and local government workers

All workers 141.6 145.0 146.0 .7 .5 .7 3.5 3.1 3

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and re

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 

Percent changes for 12 months ended–

Census region and metropolitan area2 Total compensation Wages and salaries

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Mar.

2016

Dec.

2016

Mar.

2017

Northeast

 Boston–Worcester–Manchester, MA–NH CSA 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0

 New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA 1.6 2.3 2.9 2.1 3.3 3.2

 Philadelphia–Camden–Vineland, PA–NJ–DE–MD

 CSA

1.0 2.2 3.0 1.0 2.4 3.0

South

 Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Gainesville, GA–AL CSA 1.7 3.5 2.8 3.2 4.2 3.0

 Dallas–Fort Worth, TX CSA 1.6 1.4 2.2 2.5 1.5 2.8

 Houston–Baytown–Huntsville, TX CSA 2.3 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.2

 Miami–Fort Lauderdale–Pompano Beach, FL MSA 2.8 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.1

 Washington–Baltimore–Northern Virginia,

 DC–MD–VA–WV CSA

2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.8

Midwest

 Chicago–Naperville–Michigan City, IL–IN–WI CSA 1.3 2.9 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.7

 Detroit–Warren–Flint, MI CSA 3.3 1.8 2.9 3.5 2.3 3.5

 Minneapolis–St. Paul–St. Cloud, MN–WI CSA 1.9 .7 2.9 1.7 -.2 2.9

West

 Los Angeles–Long Beach–Riverside, CA CSA 3.3 2.6 2.5 3.7 3.1 2.7

 Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale, AZ MSA 2.2 3.0 2.8 1.9 2.8 3.1

 San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA 1.6 2.6 3.0 2.1 2.9 3.3

 Seattle–Tacoma–Olympia, WA CSA 2.9 2.8 2.4 3.5 3.7 3.6

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Note that some of these areas are Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and others are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). 

 For more information on metropolitan area definitions, visit the U.S. Census Bureau's Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical

 Areas page on the Internet at www.census.gov/population/metro/.