For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 7, 2020 USDL-20-0565

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2020

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.9 million on the last business day of February, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little 

changed at 5.9 million and 5.6 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 

2.3 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by 

industry, and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of February, the job openings level was little changed at 6.9 million and the job 

openings rate was also little changed at 4.3 percent. Job openings decreased in real estate and rental and 

leasing (-30,000) and information (-29,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four 

regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In February, the number of hires was little changed at 5.9 million while the rate was unchanged at 3.9

percent. The hires level increased in durable goods manufacturing (+29,000). The number of hires was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In February, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 5.6 million and 3.6 percent, 

respectively. The number of total separations edged up in government (+28,000). The total separations 

level decreased in professional and business services (-122,000) and real estate and rental and leasing 

(-20,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

In February, the number of quits was little changed at 3.5 million while the rate was unchanged at 2.3 

percent. Total private quits were little changed while the quits level edged up for government (+15,000). 

Quits decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-27,000). The number of quits decreased in the 

South region. (See table 4.)

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed in February at 1.8 million and 1.2 

percent, respectively. The layoffs and discharges level increased in real estate and rental and leasing 

(+16,000) and federal government (+6,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in 

all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations decreased in February (-80,000). Other separations decreased for total 

private (-79,000) and was unchanged for government. The largest decreases in other separations were in 

accommodation and food services (-19,000) and health care and social assistance (-17,000). The number 

of other separations decreased in the Northeast and West regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in February, hires totaled 70.3 million and separations totaled 67.9 million, 

yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 

and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for March 2020 are scheduled to be 

released on Friday, May 15, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
- 3 -

Error in JOLTS federal government estimates

BLS identified errors in the JOLTS federal government estimates for January 2020. These errors also 

affect total nonfarm, government, and the regions. JOLTS has suppressed these data from the 

LABSTAT database. JOLTS plans to reissue the data, possibly with the release on July 7, 2020.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,048 7,012 6,882 5,703 5,925 5,896 5,676 5,703 5,560

Total private....................................... 6,343 6,231 6,101 5,346 5,541 5,517 5,310 5,382 5,211

Mining and logging1............................ 29 19 25 32 20 25 35 24 21

Construction1................................... 277 267 279 357 435 409 381 386 375

Manufacturing.................................. 462 408 420 342 311 342 337 331 328

Durable goods1.............................. 283 256 274 191 174 203 190 184 194

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 178 152 145 151 137 138 147 147 134

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,258 1,214 1,198 1,133 1,220 1,256 1,125 1,220 1,239

Wholesale trade............................. 217 172 175 148 138 145 140 137 144

Retail trade................................... 791 759 727 738 818 836 736 830 824

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 250 283 295 247 264 274 249 253 272

Information1

..................................... 129 152 123 89 86 91 91 75 83

Financial activities.............................. 353 427 386 213 217 230 191 217 192

Finance and insurance..................... 274 312 302 143 142 150 137 141 137

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 79 115 85 69 75 81 54 75 55

Professional and business services......... 1,404 1,265 1,278 1,168 1,163 1,079 1,125 1,151 1,029

Education and health services............... 1,205 1,294 1,250 737 753 754 740 701 700

Educational services1

....................... 105 133 117 91 109 97 111 83 89

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,100 1,161 1,134 646 644 657 630 617 611

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,001 919 927 1,082 1,126 1,103 1,092 1,090 1,033

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 104 148 144 171 176 173 163 172 150

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 897 771 783 911 949 930 930 918 883

Other services.................................. 224 264 214 193 210 229 191 187 210

Government....................................... 704 781 782 357 384 380 366 321 349

Federal1

......................................... 130 113 118 37 48 52 32 38 43

State and local................................. 575 669 663 320 336 327 334 283 306

State and local education.................. 218 275 271 161 173 158 173 149 151

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 357 393 392 159 163 169 161 134 155

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6

Total private....................................... 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.7 2.7 3.4 4.4 2.8 3.5 4.8 3.4 2.9

Construction1

................................... 3.6 3.4 3.5 4.8 5.7 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.9

Manufacturing.................................. 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.4 3.1 3.3 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.5

Wholesale trade............................. 3.6 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4

Retail trade................................... 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.7 5.2 5.3 4.7 5.3 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.4

Information1

..................................... 4.3 5.0 4.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.9

Financial activities.............................. 3.9 4.6 4.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.2

Finance and insurance..................... 4.1 4.6 4.4 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.3 4.7 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.4 2.3 3.2 2.3

Professional and business services......... 6.2 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.3 4.8

Education and health services............... 4.8 5.0 4.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.8

Educational services1

....................... 2.7 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.2 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.2 5.3 5.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.7 5.2 5.2 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.1 5.6 5.4 7.1 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.0 5.1 5.2 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.1

Other services.................................. 3.7 4.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Government....................................... 3.0 3.3 3.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 4.4 3.8 4.0 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.5

State and local................................. 2.8 3.3 3.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5

State and local education.................. 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.7 4.0 4.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

 The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

 The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data

elements.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected.

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total............................................... 7,048 7,309 6,793 6,552 7,012 6,882 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,343 6,546 6,070 5,838 6,231 6,101 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.5

Mining and logging3....................... 29 23 20 13 19 25 3.7 3.0 2.7 1.8 2.7 3.4

Construction3

............................... 277 325 215 216 267 279 3.6 4.1 2.8 2.8 3.4 3.5

Manufacturing.............................. 462 403 401 360 408 420 3.5 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.2

Durable goods3

.......................... 283 258 270 222 256 274 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.7 3.1 3.3

Nondurable goods3

...................... 178 145 131 138 152 145 3.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,258 1,472 1,271 1,192 1,214 1,198 4.3 5.0 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.1

Wholesale trade......................... 217 268 188 187 172 175 3.6 4.3 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.9

Retail trade............................... 791 877 752 762 759 727 4.8 5.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 250 327 331 244 283 295 3.9 5.0 5.1 3.8 4.3 4.5

Information3................................. 129 142 136 146 152 123 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.1

Financial activities......................... 353 426 348 319 427 386 3.9 4.6 3.8 3.5 4.6 4.2

Finance and insurance................. 274 323 259 235 312 302 4.1 4.8 3.9 3.5 4.6 4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 79 103 88 84 115 85 3.3 4.2 3.6 3.4 4.7 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,404 1,218 1,217 1,223 1,265 1,278 6.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6

Education and health services........... 1,205 1,306 1,311 1,203 1,294 1,250 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.7 5.0 4.8

Educational services3................... 105 131 146 106 133 117 2.7 3.3 3.7 2.7 3.4 3.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,100 1,176 1,165 1,097 1,161 1,134 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,001 975 966 916 919 927 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 104 135 120 127 148 144 4.1 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.6 5.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 897 840 845 789 771 783 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.2

Other services.............................. 224 256 185 250 264 214 3.7 4.2 3.0 4.1 4.3 3.5

Government................................... 704 763 723 715 781 782 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3

Federal3

..................................... 130 124 117 88 113 118 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.0 3.8 4.0

State and local............................. 575 638 606 626 669 663 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.2

State and local education.............. 218 234 220 234 275 271 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.5

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 357 404 386 393 393 392 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,159 1,234 1,178 1,135 1,224 1,194 4.0 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.1

South........................................... 2,643 2,804 2,545 2,439 2,631 2,564 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,625 1,648 1,485 1,400 1,522 1,516 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.4

West............................................ 1,621 1,623 1,585 1,578 1,634 1,609 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total............................................... 5,703 5,757 5,857 5,927 5,925 5,896 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,346 5,397 5,485 5,574 5,541 5,517 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3

Mining and logging......................... 32 28 22 25 20 25 4.4 3.7 3.1 3.6 2.8 3.5

Construction................................ 357 475 426 467 435 409 4.8 6.3 5.7 6.2 5.7 5.4

Manufacturing.............................. 342 312 357 334 311 342 2.7 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.7

Durable goods........................... 191 177 212 192 174 203 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 151 135 145 142 137 138 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,133 1,112 1,170 1,161 1,220 1,256 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5

Wholesale trade......................... 148 144 156 133 138 145 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.4

Retail trade............................... 738 716 763 772 818 836 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 247 252 251 256 264 274 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4

Information.................................. 89 96 90 87 86 91 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1

Financial activities......................... 213 217 236 218 217 230 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance................. 143 135 149 135 142 150 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 69 82 87 83 75 81 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,168 1,118 1,157 1,151 1,163 1,079 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.0

Education and health services........... 737 722 730 723 753 754 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

Educational services.................... 91 106 107 104 109 97 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 646 616 623 619 644 657 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,082 1,101 1,078 1,165 1,126 1,103 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.9 6.7 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 171 168 187 186 176 173 7.1 6.8 7.6 7.5 7.1 6.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 911 934 891 979 949 930 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.8 6.6 6.5

Other services.............................. 193 216 220 243 210 229 3.3 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.5 3.8

Government................................... 357 360 371 352 384 380 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Federal...................................... 37 44 51 43 48 52 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.8

State and local............................. 320 316 321 309 336 327 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6

State and local education.............. 161 156 160 153 173 158 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 159 160 160 156 163 169 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 878 921 949 935 949 997 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6

South........................................... 2,401 2,274 2,296 2,358 2,345 2,276 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,259 1,237 1,304 1,263 1,187 1,250 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8

West............................................ 1,165 1,325 1,308 1,371 1,444 1,373 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.1 3.9

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total............................................... 5,676 5,580 5,657 5,762 5,703 5,560 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,310 5,211 5,307 5,419 5,382 5,211 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 35 26 29 31 24 21 4.8 3.5 4.0 4.3 3.4 2.9

Construction................................ 381 450 416 432 386 375 5.1 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.1 4.9

Manufacturing.............................. 337 333 318 342 331 328 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6

Durable goods........................... 190 205 184 193 184 194 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 147 128 134 149 147 134 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.1 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,125 1,062 1,198 1,115 1,220 1,239 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.5

Wholesale trade......................... 140 136 147 123 137 144 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.4

Retail trade............................... 736 687 816 741 830 824 4.7 4.4 5.2 4.7 5.3 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 249 240 235 250 253 272 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.4

Information.................................. 91 92 79 84 75 83 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.9

Financial activities......................... 191 200 213 203 217 192 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 137 127 143 134 141 137 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 54 72 70 69 75 55 2.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,125 1,079 1,131 1,134 1,151 1,029 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.8

Education and health services........... 740 668 663 690 701 700 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8

Educational services.................... 111 101 89 97 83 89 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 630 567 574 593 617 611 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,092 1,067 1,063 1,146 1,090 1,033 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.8 6.5 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 163 170 175 184 172 150 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.4 6.9 6.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 930 896 888 963 918 883 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.7 6.4 6.1

Other services.............................. 191 234 197 242 187 210 3.3 4.0 3.3 4.1 3.1 3.5

Government................................... 366 369 350 343 321 349 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5

Federal...................................... 32 55 41 45 38 43 1.1 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5

State and local............................. 334 314 309 298 283 306 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5

State and local education.............. 173 160 157 164 149 151 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 161 154 152 134 134 155 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 790 936 909 887 911 852 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.0

South........................................... 2,417 2,076 2,147 2,249 2,252 2,118 4.4 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,198 1,186 1,235 1,220 1,249 1,271 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8

West............................................ 1,271 1,382 1,366 1,406 1,291 1,319 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.7

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total............................................... 3,541 3,442 3,528 3,528 3,574 3,497 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,358 3,261 3,341 3,331 3,399 3,307 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5

Mining and logging......................... 20 12 14 13 14 13 2.6 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8

Construction................................ 194 189 164 170 165 152 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0

Manufacturing.............................. 209 200 201 206 188 193 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

Durable goods........................... 118 118 107 110 103 116 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 91 82 94 97 84 77 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 737 630 802 734 831 802 2.7 2.3 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.9

Wholesale trade......................... 87 61 89 77 86 93 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6

Retail trade............................... 509 433 577 507 597 555 3.2 2.8 3.7 3.2 3.8 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 142 135 135 150 148 154 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5

Information.................................. 48 45 43 41 40 52 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.8

Financial activities......................... 98 131 148 127 145 122 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 78 88 102 88 89 92 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 20 42 46 40 57 30 0.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.4 1.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 650 632 636 622 684 636 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.9

Education and health services........... 497 464 462 500 476 500 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0

Educational services.................... 59 62 53 66 55 64 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 439 402 409 434 421 437 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 795 776 736 771 758 718 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 81 84 86 72 79 85 3.3 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 714 692 650 698 679 633 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.4

Other services.............................. 111 183 134 147 98 120 1.9 3.1 2.3 2.5 1.6 2.0

Government................................... 183 180 188 197 175 190 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 15 19 17 23 19 16 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6

State and local............................. 168 161 171 174 156 174 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

State and local education.............. 94 85 90 98 83 90 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 74 76 81 76 73 84 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 431 506 478 462 492 494 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

South........................................... 1,537 1,331 1,429 1,452 1,494 1,393 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5

Midwest........................................ 759 768 777 760 797 792 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4

West............................................ 814 837 844 854 790 819 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total............................................... 1,791 1,778 1,769 1,893 1,741 1,755 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,668 1,657 1,672 1,815 1,659 1,660 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging......................... 13 12 14 17 9 5 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.2 0.7

Construction................................ 176 244 233 243 194 203 2.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 111 114 95 110 115 114 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 60 73 62 67 64 66 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 51 41 33 43 51 48 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 325 365 311 323 325 373 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 43 66 46 35 47 45 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8

Retail trade............................... 191 211 185 197 193 227 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 92 88 81 90 85 100 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6

Information.................................. 37 40 33 37 24 28 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.0

Financial activities......................... 59 42 44 48 40 49 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 28 18 20 24 31 25 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 32 24 23 24 9 25 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 401 390 434 454 413 347 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.6

Education and health services........... 193 167 165 150 160 156 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6

Educational services.................... 46 29 31 26 22 22 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 147 137 134 124 139 134 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 280 247 298 342 295 298 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 81 81 84 108 90 63 3.3 3.3 3.4 4.3 3.6 2.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 199 165 214 234 205 235 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6

Other services.............................. 71 36 44 91 84 88 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.5

Government................................... 123 121 98 78 82 95 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 6 26 12 9 8 14 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5

State and local............................. 118 96 86 69 74 81 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local education.............. 57 46 41 40 41 39 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 61 49 44 29 33 42 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 284 366 362 347 354 316 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1

South........................................... 745 621 587 692 601 599 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

Midwest........................................ 374 340 390 389 382 410 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

West............................................ 387 452 430 464 404 430 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total............................................... 344 360 359 341 388 308 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 284 293 294 272 323 244 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 1 1 2 3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

Construction3

............................... 11 17 18 19 27 20 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 17 20 21 26 28 22 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 14 14 16 16 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3

...................... 5 5 7 9 12 9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 62 68 85 58 64 65 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 10 9 12 10 5 6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Retail trade............................... 37 42 54 38 40 41 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 15 17 20 10 19 17 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 6 8 3 6 11 3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1

Financial activities......................... 34 26 22 27 31 20 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 31 21 21 22 22 20 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 2 6 1 5 9 0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 74 57 60 58 54 46 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Education and health services........... 50 37 36 39 65 44 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services.................... 6 9 4 4 7 4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 44 28 31 35 58 41 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 18 44 29 34 37 17 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 1 5 5 3 3 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 17 39 24 30 34 15 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Other services3............................. 9 15 19 4 5 2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Government................................... 60 68 65 68 64 64 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 11 11 12 13 12 13 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 49 57 52 56 53 52 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 23 28 25 27 25 22 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 26 29 27 29 28 29 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 75 65 69 77 65 43 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 135 124 132 104 156 126 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 65 78 67 71 70 69 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 69 93 91 88 97 70 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 6,788 6,912 6,597 4.4 4.4 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,115 6,163 5,844 4.6 4.6 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 29 19 25 3.8 2.7 3.5

Construction....................................................... 277 267 279 3.8 3.6 3.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 462 408 420 3.5 3.1 3.2

Durable goods.................................................. 283 256 274 3.4 3.1 3.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 178 152 145 3.6 3.1 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,151 1,082 1,073 4.0 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 212 184 164 3.5 3.0 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 689 615 614 4.3 3.8 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 250 283 295 4.0 4.3 4.6

Information........................................................ 129 152 123 4.4 5.1 4.1

Financial activities................................................ 327 460 366 3.6 5.0 4.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 248 345 282 3.7 5.1 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 79 115 85 3.4 4.8 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,350 1,267 1,237 6.1 5.7 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 1,180 1,383 1,214 4.7 5.4 4.7

Educational services.......................................... 105 133 117 2.6 3.4 2.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,075 1,250 1,097 5.1 5.7 5.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 992 861 910 5.9 5.1 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 117 149 159 5.1 6.2 6.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 875 712 752 6.0 4.9 5.1

Other services.................................................... 218 264 197 3.6 4.3 3.2

Government.......................................................... 673 748 753 2.9 3.2 3.2

Federal............................................................. 130 113 118 4.4 3.8 4.0

State and local.................................................... 543 636 635 2.6 3.1 3.0

State and local education..................................... 186 242 243 1.7 2.2 2.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 357 393 392 3.8 4.1 4.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,098 1,196 1,124 3.9 4.2 3.9

South................................................................. 2,553 2,609 2,470 4.5 4.5 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,585 1,449 1,476 4.7 4.2 4.3

West.................................................................. 1,552 1,658 1,527 4.3 4.5 4.2

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 4,709 5,654 4,860 3.2 3.8 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,442 5,301 4,571 3.5 4.2 3.6

Mining and logging............................................... 28 24 21 3.8 3.4 3.0

Construction....................................................... 306 398 341 4.3 5.5 4.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 305 326 305 2.4 2.6 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 171 190 184 2.1 2.4 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 134 136 121 2.8 2.9 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 869 1,025 985 3.2 3.7 3.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 127 143 123 2.2 2.4 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 566 639 662 3.7 4.1 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 176 243 201 2.9 3.9 3.3

Information........................................................ 76 98 77 2.7 3.4 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 172 241 190 2.0 2.7 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 121 165 128 1.9 2.6 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 51 76 62 2.3 3.3 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,045 1,226 952 5.0 5.8 4.5

Education and health services.................................. 624 820 652 2.6 3.4 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 70 118 72 1.8 3.1 1.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 554 703 580 2.7 3.4 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 871 935 873 5.5 5.8 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 115 121 116 5.3 5.4 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 756 814 757 5.5 5.9 5.4

Other services.................................................... 145 210 175 2.5 3.6 3.0

Government.......................................................... 267 353 289 1.2 1.6 1.3

Federal............................................................. 29 45 43 1.0 1.6 1.5

State and local.................................................... 238 307 245 1.2 1.6 1.2

State and local education..................................... 123 175 121 1.1 1.7 1.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 115 132 125 1.3 1.4 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 642 843 745 2.4 3.1 2.7

South................................................................. 2,113 2,396 1,984 3.9 4.4 3.6

Midwest............................................................... 989 1,065 988 3.1 3.3 3.0

West.................................................................. 965 1,350 1,143 2.8 3.9 3.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 4,560 6,149 4,483 3.1 4.1 3.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,329 5,862 4,251 3.4 4.6 3.3

Mining and logging............................................... 37 29 20 5.1 4.1 2.9

Construction....................................................... 313 422 291 4.4 5.8 4.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 287 330 281 2.2 2.6 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 161 192 166 2.0 2.4 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 125 138 115 2.7 2.9 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 924 1,544 1,041 3.4 5.6 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 121 145 125 2.1 2.5 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 613 1,009 697 4.0 6.5 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 190 389 219 3.1 6.2 3.6

Information........................................................ 77 88 71 2.7 3.1 2.5

Financial activities................................................ 165 245 167 1.9 2.8 1.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 117 158 118 1.8 2.4 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 48 87 49 2.1 3.8 2.1

Professional and business services............................ 977 1,259 880 4.7 6.0 4.1

Education and health services.................................. 590 744 576 2.5 3.0 2.3

Educational services.......................................... 62 81 56 1.6 2.2 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 528 662 520 2.6 3.2 2.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 817 1,025 768 5.2 6.4 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 82 133 80 3.8 6.0 3.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 735 892 688 5.4 6.4 4.9

Other services.................................................... 142 176 157 2.5 3.0 2.7

Government.......................................................... 231 287 231 1.0 1.3 1.0

Federal............................................................. 27 45 39 1.0 1.6 1.4

State and local.................................................... 203 243 192 1.0 1.2 1.0

State and local education..................................... 95 124 81 0.9 1.2 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 108 119 111 1.2 1.3 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 571 1,027 614 2.1 3.7 2.2

South................................................................. 2,025 2,422 1,797 3.7 4.4 3.2

Midwest............................................................... 933 1,337 1,007 2.9 4.1 3.1

West.................................................................. 1,032 1,364 1,064 3.0 3.9 3.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 2,891 3,516 2,849 1.9 2.3 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,766 3,362 2,718 2.2 2.6 2.1

Mining and logging............................................... 18 14 12 2.5 2.1 1.7

Construction....................................................... 164 153 114 2.3 2.1 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 177 173 162 1.4 1.4 1.3

Durable goods.................................................. 99 97 98 1.2 1.2 1.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 77 76 64 1.6 1.6 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 609 826 676 2.2 3.0 2.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 70 91 77 1.2 1.5 1.3

Retail trade..................................................... 419 606 462 2.7 3.9 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 121 129 137 2.0 2.1 2.2

Information........................................................ 41 44 45 1.4 1.5 1.6

Financial activities................................................ 83 142 107 1.0 1.6 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 63 86 77 1.0 1.3 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 20 57 30 0.9 2.5 1.3

Professional and business services............................ 555 712 538 2.7 3.4 2.5

Education and health services.................................. 408 492 419 1.7 2.0 1.7

Educational services.......................................... 37 54 44 1.0 1.4 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 371 438 375 1.8 2.1 1.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 627 710 559 4.0 4.4 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 53 61 57 2.4 2.7 2.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 574 650 503 4.2 4.7 3.6

Other services.................................................... 83 96 84 1.4 1.6 1.4

Government.......................................................... 125 153 132 0.5 0.7 0.6

Federal............................................................. 13 18 13 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 112 135 119 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local education..................................... 55 69 52 0.5 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 57 66 66 0.6 0.7 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 326 500 389 1.2 1.8 1.4

South................................................................. 1,299 1,498 1,180 2.4 2.7 2.1

Midwest............................................................... 599 757 624 1.8 2.3 1.9

West.................................................................. 667 761 656 1.9 2.2 1.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 1,363 2,189 1,362 0.9 1.5 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,299 2,124 1,308 1.0 1.7 1.0

Mining and logging............................................... 17 13 6 2.3 1.8 0.8

Construction....................................................... 138 242 156 2.0 3.3 2.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 95 123 99 0.7 1.0 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 52 73 58 0.6 0.9 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 43 50 41 0.9 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 257 636 306 0.9 2.3 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 43 47 45 0.7 0.8 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 159 348 196 1.0 2.2 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 54 241 65 0.9 3.9 1.1

Information........................................................ 31 34 22 1.1 1.2 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 50 63 40 0.6 0.7 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 25 42 21 0.4 0.6 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 25 21 18 1.1 0.9 0.8

Professional and business services............................ 356 476 304 1.7 2.3 1.4

Education and health services.................................. 133 186 114 0.6 0.8 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 21 19 9 0.5 0.5 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 112 167 105 0.6 0.8 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 172 277 191 1.1 1.7 1.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 28 69 21 1.3 3.1 0.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 144 208 170 1.1 1.5 1.2

Other services.................................................... 50 75 71 0.9 1.3 1.2

Government.......................................................... 64 66 54 0.3 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 4 9 14 0.1 0.3 0.5

State and local.................................................... 60 56 40 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 29 35 19 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 30 21 21 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 178 458 189 0.7 1.7 0.7

South................................................................. 602 737 499 1.1 1.3 0.9

Midwest............................................................... 283 499 328 0.9 1.5 1.0

West.................................................................. 300 496 346 0.9 1.4 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020p

Total..................................................................... 305 444 271 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 264 376 225 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 2 2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Construction....................................................... 11 27 20 0.2 0.4 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 15 34 20 0.1 0.3 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 10 22 10 0.1 0.3 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 5 12 9 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 58 82 60 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 8 8 3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Retail trade..................................................... 35 55 39 0.2 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 15 19 17 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 6 11 3 0.2 0.4 0.1

Financial activities................................................ 31 39 20 0.4 0.5 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 29 30 19 0.5 0.5 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 2 9 0 0.1 0.4 0.0

Professional and business services............................ 65 72 38 0.3 0.3 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 49 66 43 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 5 8 3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 44 58 41 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 18 37 17 0.1 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 1 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 17 34 15 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services.................................................... 9 5 2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Government.......................................................... 42 69 46 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 17 12 0.4 0.6 0.4

State and local.................................................... 31 52 34 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 11 20 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 21 32 24 0.2 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 66 69 36 0.2 0.2 0.1

South................................................................. 123 187 118 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 51 81 56 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 65 107 62 0.2 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.