For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 12, 2016 USDL-16-1454

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2016

The number of job openings decreased to 5.5 million on the last business day of May, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and separations were both little changed at 5.0 million. Within

separations, the quits rate was 2.0 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was 1.2 percent. This 

release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm 

sector by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

Job Openings decreased in May by 345,000 to 5.5 million. The prior 3-month average change in job 

openings was +80,000. The job openings rate in May 2016 was 3.7 percent. The number of job openings 

decreased for total private and was little changed for government. Job openings decreased in a number 

of industries, with the largest changes occurring in wholesale trade (-104,000), other services (-98,000), 

and real estate and rental and leasing (-53,000). In the regions, job openings decreased in the South and 

the Midwest. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.0 million in May. The hires rate was 3.5 percent. The 

number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires were little changed in all 

industries and in all regions in May. (See table 2.)

 2.0

 2.2

 2.4

 2.6

 2.8

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

May 2013 - May 2016

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

May 2013 - May 2016
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.0 million total separations in May, little changed from April. The total separations rate in 

May was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was little changed over the month for total private

and for government. In May, total separations decreased in state and local government education 

(-17,000) and in federal government (-8,000). The number of total separations was little changed over 

the month in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in May at 2.9 million. The quits rate was 2.0 percent. Over the 

month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. By industry, quits 

increased in educational services (+17,000). The number of quits increased in the Northeast region. (See 

table 4.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in May, little changed from April. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the month 

for total private and for government. Layoffs and discharges declined in state and local government 

education (-15,000) and in mining and logging (-9,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little 

changed over the month in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government in 

May. Other separations increased in professional and business services (+29,000) and in educational 

services (+4,000). Other separations decreased in information (-6,000) and in federal government 

(-5,000). Other separations were little changed over the month in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in May, hires totaled 62.3 million and 

separations totaled 59.8 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for June 2016 are scheduled to be released 

on Wednesday, August 10, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,386 5,845 5,500 5,111 5,085 5,036 4,869 5,015 4,952

Total private....................................... 4,852 5,311 4,958 4,775 4,734 4,688 4,548 4,660 4,619

Mining and logging1............................ 14 14 9 19 22 20 38 35 28

Construction1................................... 177 193 188 320 339 303 292 354 313

Manufacturing.................................. 330 397 353 248 269 263 245 279 277

Durable goods1.............................. 191 208 185 144 154 158 144 160 174

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 138 190 168 103 115 105 101 119 104

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 942 1,060 944 1,095 1,031 1,008 1,060 1,012 1,005

Wholesale trade1............................ 161 255 151 136 148 139 124 144 135

Retail trade................................... 539 589 594 766 714 709 736 702 699

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 242 215 199 193 169 160 200 166 171

Information1

..................................... 106 101 101 81 85 70 80 82 67

Financial activities.............................. 309 387 307 192 202 191 190 188 189

Finance and insurance..................... 244 278 251 133 132 132 124 113 129

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 65 109 56 59 71 59 66 74 60

Professional and business services......... 1,134 961 1,021 1,071 1,031 1,012 989 1,004 1,002

Education and health services............... 977 1,112 1,080 604 605 652 557 570 593

Educational services1

....................... 85 126 94 78 96 112 81 83 94

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 892 986 985 526 509 539 476 486 499

Leisure and hospitality........................ 717 793 760 949 959 986 896 950 967

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 71 76 77 160 127 141 129 131 152

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 646 717 683 789 832 845 767 819 815

Other services1................................. 146 293 195 195 191 183 201 187 178

Government....................................... 534 534 542 336 351 348 321 355 333

Federal1

......................................... 75 84 94 43 37 42 40 38 30

State and local................................. 459 449 447 293 315 307 281 317 303

State and local education.................. 146 146 151 148 152 160 138 165 148

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 313 303 296 145 162 146 143 153 155

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4

Total private....................................... 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.7 2.0 1.3 2.3 3.1 2.9 4.6 4.9 4.0

Construction1

................................... 2.7 2.8 2.7 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.5 5.3 4.7

Manufacturing.................................. 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.3

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.4 2.6 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.3

Nondurable goods1.......................... 2.9 4.0 3.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.4 3.7 3.3 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.7

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.7 4.1 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.3

Retail trade................................... 3.3 3.6 3.6 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.7 3.0 3.1

Information1

..................................... 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.4

Financial activities.............................. 3.7 4.5 3.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 4.3 3.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.0 4.9 2.6 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.5 2.8

Professional and business services......... 5.5 4.6 4.8 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.0

Education and health services............... 4.3 4.7 4.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.6

Educational services1

....................... 2.4 3.5 2.6 2.3 2.7 3.2 2.4 2.4 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.6 4.9 4.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.5 4.9 4.7 6.3 6.2 6.4 5.9 6.2 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.2 3.3 3.4 7.4 5.7 6.4 5.9 5.9 6.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.8 5.1 4.9 6.1 6.3 6.4 5.9 6.2 6.2

Other services1

................................. 2.5 4.9 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Government....................................... 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.7 2.9 3.3 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1

State and local................................. 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.4 3.2 3.2 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total............................................... 5,386 5,604 5,608 5,670 5,845 5,500 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,852 5,137 5,132 5,175 5,311 4,958 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.9

Mining and logging3

....................... 14 17 10 9 14 9 1.7 2.2 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.3

Construction3............................... 177 157 201 215 193 188 2.7 2.3 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 330 336 320 337 397 353 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 3.1 2.8

Durable goods3

.......................... 191 183 169 167 208 185 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.3

Nondurable goods3

...................... 138 153 151 170 190 168 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 942 979 1,026 975 1,060 944 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 161 199 216 189 255 151 2.7 3.3 3.5 3.1 4.1 2.5

Retail trade............................... 539 602 649 605 589 594 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 242 178 161 181 215 199 4.3 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.8 3.5

Information3................................. 106 97 87 75 101 101 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.5

Financial activities......................... 309 372 351 326 387 307 3.7 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.5 3.6

Finance and insurance................. 244 298 261 257 278 251 3.9 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.3 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 65 74 91 69 109 56 3.0 3.4 4.1 3.2 4.9 2.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,134 1,088 1,101 1,145 961 1,021 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.4 4.6 4.8

Education and health services........... 977 1,129 1,047 1,042 1,112 1,080 4.3 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.6

Educational services3

................... 85 83 113 85 126 94 2.4 2.3 3.1 2.4 3.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 892 1,046 934 957 986 985 4.6 5.2 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 717 745 751 781 793 760 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 71 68 69 80 76 77 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 646 677 682 701 717 683 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.9

Other services3

............................. 146 217 238 269 293 195 2.5 3.7 4.0 4.5 4.9 3.3

Government................................... 534 467 475 494 534 542 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4

Federal3

..................................... 75 80 88 90 84 94 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.3

State and local............................. 459 387 387 404 449 447 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3

State and local education.............. 146 152 147 145 146 151 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 313 235 240 259 303 296 3.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.2

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 860 900 895 898 915 938 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4

South........................................... 2,023 2,077 2,110 2,152 2,171 2,019 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,223 1,311 1,283 1,308 1,323 1,203 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.6

West............................................ 1,280 1,316 1,319 1,311 1,435 1,340 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total............................................... 5,111 5,125 5,510 5,290 5,085 5,036 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,775 4,789 5,154 4,912 4,734 4,688 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 19 26 23 26 22 20 2.3 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.1 2.9

Construction................................ 320 305 341 346 339 303 5.0 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 248 274 276 251 269 263 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1

Durable goods........................... 144 168 163 145 154 158 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 103 106 113 106 115 105 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,095 1,062 1,182 1,094 1,031 1,008 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 136 137 147 164 148 139 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.3

Retail trade............................... 766 765 856 769 714 709 4.9 4.8 5.4 4.8 4.5 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 193 161 178 161 169 160 3.6 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.9

Information.................................. 81 84 80 74 85 70 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.5

Financial activities......................... 192 229 234 218 202 191 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 133 164 164 135 132 132 2.2 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 59 65 70 83 71 59 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.9 3.3 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,071 1,080 1,110 1,071 1,031 1,012 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.0

Education and health services........... 604 579 651 615 605 652 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.9

Educational services.................... 78 60 101 82 96 112 2.3 1.7 2.9 2.3 2.7 3.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 526 519 550 534 509 539 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 949 967 1,062 1,001 959 986 6.3 6.3 6.9 6.5 6.2 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 160 157 152 150 127 141 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.7 5.7 6.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 789 810 909 852 832 845 6.1 6.1 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.4

Other services.............................. 195 183 195 215 191 183 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.2

Government................................... 336 335 357 379 351 348 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 43 41 43 40 37 42 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5

State and local............................. 293 295 313 339 315 307 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 148 162 152 174 152 160 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 145 133 161 165 162 146 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 804 795 850 829 814 784 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9

South........................................... 2,057 1,851 2,083 2,069 1,969 1,890 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.6

Midwest........................................ 1,124 1,259 1,276 1,254 1,075 1,137 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.5

West............................................ 1,126 1,220 1,302 1,138 1,227 1,225 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total............................................... 4,869 4,977 5,159 5,096 5,015 4,952 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,548 4,631 4,812 4,747 4,660 4,619 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8

Mining and logging......................... 38 43 42 40 35 28 4.6 5.7 5.8 5.6 4.9 4.0

Construction................................ 292 279 325 334 354 313 4.5 4.2 4.9 5.0 5.3 4.7

Manufacturing.............................. 245 266 304 288 279 277 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3

Durable goods........................... 144 158 187 171 160 174 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 101 108 117 116 119 104 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,060 1,052 1,052 1,043 1,012 1,005 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 124 142 137 145 144 135 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3

Retail trade............................... 736 725 751 747 702 699 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 200 185 164 151 166 171 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.1

Information.................................. 80 79 70 67 82 67 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.4

Financial activities......................... 190 215 219 191 188 189 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 124 154 156 116 113 129 2.1 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.9 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 60 63 76 74 60 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.5 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 989 1,053 1,072 1,042 1,004 1,002 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.0

Education and health services........... 557 557 552 557 570 593 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6

Educational services.................... 81 77 86 73 83 94 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 476 480 466 484 486 499 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 896 907 1,011 972 950 967 5.9 5.9 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 129 157 132 144 131 152 5.9 7.2 6.0 6.5 5.9 6.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 767 750 879 828 819 815 5.9 5.7 6.7 6.3 6.2 6.2

Other services.............................. 201 181 165 213 187 178 3.6 3.2 2.9 3.7 3.3 3.1

Government................................... 321 346 348 349 355 333 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 40 41 40 39 38 30 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1

State and local............................. 281 304 308 310 317 303 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 138 168 167 171 165 148 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 143 137 141 139 153 155 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 745 775 808 797 783 755 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8

South........................................... 1,943 1,906 2,000 1,891 1,917 1,954 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,068 1,114 1,181 1,287 1,118 1,115 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.5

West............................................ 1,113 1,182 1,170 1,121 1,197 1,128 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total............................................... 2,758 2,851 2,955 2,948 2,909 2,895 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,609 2,684 2,793 2,780 2,738 2,728 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Mining and logging......................... 18 19 11 15 11 12 2.2 2.6 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.7

Construction................................ 115 86 111 158 118 120 1.8 1.3 1.7 2.4 1.8 1.8

Manufacturing.............................. 128 147 154 142 139 143 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

Durable goods........................... 73 83 89 79 79 81 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

Nondurable goods....................... 55 64 65 63 59 62 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 629 637 618 656 624 599 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2

Wholesale trade......................... 85 86 86 88 83 68 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.1

Retail trade............................... 448 462 446 492 447 442 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 96 90 87 77 94 89 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.6

Information.................................. 42 38 38 36 41 32 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2

Financial activities......................... 108 111 130 98 106 114 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 67 81 93 53 66 76 1.1 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 42 30 37 45 40 38 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 503 550 577 545 558 534 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7

Education and health services........... 366 343 379 386 382 411 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8

Educational services.................... 44 47 43 35 38 55 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 322 296 335 351 344 356 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 575 636 683 644 645 666 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 57 64 77 56 63 61 2.6 2.9 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 519 572 606 588 582 605 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.6

Other services3

............................. 125 117 91 101 115 97 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.7

Government................................... 149 167 162 168 171 167 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 12 13 14 14 14 11 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 137 154 149 154 157 156 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 64 80 78 74 73 72 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 73 73 71 79 84 84 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 377 401 415 399 339 393 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5

South........................................... 1,148 1,179 1,167 1,165 1,194 1,178 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2

Midwest........................................ 617 629 725 684 673 676 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1

West............................................ 616 641 647 700 703 648 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total............................................... 1,702 1,704 1,808 1,768 1,708 1,667 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,595 1,582 1,687 1,650 1,586 1,560 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 15 21 27 21 20 11 1.8 2.8 3.7 2.9 2.8 1.6

Construction................................ 148 182 202 165 217 173 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.5 3.3 2.6

Manufacturing.............................. 91 97 121 116 115 112 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 56 61 83 71 66 81 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0

Nondurable goods....................... 35 35 38 44 49 32 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 321 312 320 287 283 311 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 26 48 42 44 49 62 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0

Retail trade............................... 208 194 211 183 177 184 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 86 71 67 59 57 65 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2

Information.................................. 25 25 21 22 29 29 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0

Financial activities......................... 53 57 64 65 53 54 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 34 37 41 42 28 37 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 19 20 23 23 25 17 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 431 442 427 438 384 378 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9

Education and health services........... 150 152 145 145 151 150 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 33 27 40 36 43 32 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 117 126 104 109 109 118 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 298 237 295 295 266 264 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 69 91 53 84 65 88 3.2 4.1 2.4 3.8 2.9 4.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 229 146 243 211 200 176 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3

Other services.............................. 63 56 66 97 67 77 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.4

Government................................... 107 122 121 118 122 107 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal...................................... 14 15 8 12 11 11 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 92 108 113 107 111 97 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

State and local education.............. 49 65 68 73 65 50 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 43 43 45 34 46 47 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 292 299 346 326 375 304 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.1

South........................................... 622 576 669 569 554 617 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2

Midwest........................................ 378 407 384 519 363 356 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.1

West............................................ 410 422 408 354 416 390 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total............................................... 410 422 397 380 398 390 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 344 365 332 317 336 331 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 5 2 4 4 4 5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7

Construction3

............................... 30 11 13 11 20 20 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 25 22 29 30 25 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 15 13 15 21 15 12 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 10 9 14 9 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 111 102 113 101 105 95 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 13 8 9 13 12 6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 80 69 94 73 78 73 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 18 24 10 15 15 17 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 12 16 11 9 12 6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2

Financial activities......................... 29 47 25 29 28 22 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 23 36 22 21 19 16 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 6 11 3 8 9 5 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 56 61 68 59 61 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 41 61 29 26 36 32 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Educational services3................... 5 3 2 2 3 7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 37 58 27 24 34 25 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 22 34 32 32 39 37 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 3 2 4 3 2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 19 32 30 29 37 34 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Other services3............................. 13 8 8 15 5 3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Government................................... 65 56 65 62 63 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 14 14 18 13 13 8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3

State and local............................. 51 43 47 49 49 50 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 24 22 22 24 27 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 27 20 24 25 23 24 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 76 75 46 72 69 57 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 174 151 163 157 168 160 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 73 77 72 84 82 83 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

West............................................ 87 119 116 67 78 90 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,390 6,146 5,499 3.7 4.1 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,850 5,624 4,953 3.9 4.4 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 14 14 9 1.7 2.1 1.3

Construction....................................................... 177 193 188 2.7 2.9 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 330 397 353 2.6 3.1 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 191 208 185 2.4 2.6 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 138 190 168 3.0 4.0 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 941 1,069 945 3.4 3.8 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 161 255 151 2.7 4.1 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 538 599 595 3.3 3.7 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 242 215 199 4.3 3.8 3.5

Information........................................................ 106 101 101 3.7 3.5 3.5

Financial activities................................................ 303 426 297 3.6 4.9 3.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 238 317 240 3.8 4.9 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 109 56 3.0 4.9 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,122 1,028 1,009 5.4 4.9 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 964 1,176 1,064 4.2 4.9 4.5

Educational services.......................................... 85 126 94 2.4 3.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 878 1,049 970 4.5 5.2 4.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 748 925 793 4.6 5.7 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 92 109 102 3.9 4.8 4.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 656 816 691 4.8 5.8 4.9

Other services.................................................... 146 293 195 2.5 4.9 3.3

Government.......................................................... 540 523 546 2.4 2.3 2.4

Federal............................................................. 75 84 94 2.7 2.9 3.3

State and local.................................................... 465 439 452 2.3 2.2 2.2

State and local education..................................... 152 135 156 1.4 1.2 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 313 303 296 3.4 3.3 3.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 860 949 941 3.2 3.4 3.4

South................................................................. 2,011 2,306 1,995 3.7 4.2 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,236 1,361 1,213 3.7 4.1 3.6

West.................................................................. 1,283 1,531 1,351 3.8 4.5 3.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total..................................................................... 5,756 5,496 5,595 4.0 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,391 5,218 5,225 4.5 4.3 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 21 25 20 2.5 3.7 3.0

Construction....................................................... 407 460 380 6.3 7.0 5.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 281 283 300 2.3 2.3 2.4

Durable goods.................................................. 164 166 180 2.1 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 117 117 119 2.6 2.6 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,185 1,046 1,068 4.4 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 143 176 145 2.4 3.0 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 853 709 773 5.5 4.5 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 189 161 149 3.5 3.0 2.8

Information........................................................ 87 91 71 3.2 3.3 2.5

Financial activities................................................ 215 222 212 2.7 2.7 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 147 134 146 2.5 2.2 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 68 88 65 3.3 4.2 3.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,128 1,180 1,064 5.8 5.9 5.3

Education and health services.................................. 581 591 619 2.6 2.6 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 51 65 76 1.5 1.8 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 530 525 543 2.9 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,242 1,124 1,268 8.1 7.3 8.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 276 175 242 12.2 8.1 10.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 967 948 1,026 7.4 7.2 7.6

Other services.................................................... 244 196 224 4.3 3.5 3.9

Government.......................................................... 365 278 370 1.6 1.2 1.6

Federal............................................................. 54 34 54 1.9 1.2 1.9

State and local.................................................... 311 244 316 1.6 1.2 1.6

State and local education..................................... 93 79 99 0.9 0.7 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 218 165 217 2.4 1.8 2.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 924 895 885 3.5 3.3 3.3

South................................................................. 2,250 2,089 2,028 4.3 4.0 3.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,375 1,233 1,361 4.3 3.8 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,208 1,280 1,321 3.7 3.9 4.0

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total..................................................................... 4,825 4,878 4,874 3.4 3.4 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,443 4,628 4,474 3.7 3.8 3.7

Mining and logging............................................... 38 35 27 4.6 5.1 4.0

Construction....................................................... 276 317 289 4.3 4.8 4.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 234 273 267 1.9 2.2 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 137 161 167 1.8 2.1 2.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 98 113 100 2.1 2.5 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,026 994 979 3.8 3.7 3.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 121 156 133 2.1 2.6 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 731 685 690 4.7 4.3 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 173 153 156 3.2 2.8 2.9

Information........................................................ 76 84 63 2.8 3.0 2.3

Financial activities................................................ 186 202 183 2.3 2.5 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 121 125 126 2.0 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 77 57 3.1 3.7 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 973 1,070 960 5.0 5.3 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 572 549 615 2.6 2.4 2.7

Educational services.......................................... 93 60 107 2.7 1.6 3.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 479 489 508 2.6 2.6 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 865 926 916 5.6 6.0 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 103 136 121 4.6 6.2 5.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 762 790 796 5.8 6.0 5.9

Other services.................................................... 198 177 175 3.5 3.1 3.1

Government.......................................................... 382 250 400 1.7 1.1 1.8

Federal............................................................. 40 34 28 1.4 1.2 1.0

State and local.................................................... 342 216 372 1.7 1.1 1.9

State and local education..................................... 216 88 234 2.0 0.8 2.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 127 128 137 1.4 1.4 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 670 744 668 2.5 2.8 2.5

South................................................................. 1,993 1,921 2,000 3.8 3.7 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,041 1,040 1,072 3.3 3.2 3.3

West.................................................................. 1,121 1,173 1,134 3.5 3.6 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total..................................................................... 2,788 2,944 2,920 2.0 2.0 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,612 2,806 2,719 2.2 2.3 2.2

Mining and logging............................................... 19 11 12 2.3 1.6 1.8

Construction....................................................... 124 121 131 1.9 1.8 1.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 131 145 146 1.1 1.2 1.2

Durable goods.................................................. 73 86 83 0.9 1.1 1.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 57 59 63 1.3 1.3 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 626 647 594 2.3 2.4 2.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 85 93 67 1.4 1.6 1.1

Retail trade..................................................... 457 456 448 2.9 2.9 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 85 98 79 1.6 1.8 1.5

Information........................................................ 41 42 31 1.5 1.5 1.1

Financial activities................................................ 109 111 116 1.3 1.3 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 67 70 78 1.1 1.2 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 42 40 38 2.0 1.9 1.8

Professional and business services............................ 508 587 532 2.6 2.9 2.6

Education and health services.................................. 364 384 413 1.7 1.7 1.8

Educational services.......................................... 45 29 57 1.3 0.8 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 320 355 357 1.7 1.9 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 565 643 648 3.7 4.2 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 55 54 59 2.4 2.5 2.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 510 589 590 3.9 4.5 4.4

Other services.................................................... 125 115 97 2.2 2.0 1.7

Government.......................................................... 176 139 201 0.8 0.6 0.9

Federal............................................................. 13 13 11 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local.................................................... 164 126 190 0.8 0.6 1.0

State and local education..................................... 89 45 103 0.8 0.4 1.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 75 81 87 0.8 0.9 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 369 337 385 1.4 1.3 1.4

South................................................................. 1,164 1,242 1,195 2.2 2.4 2.3

Midwest............................................................... 626 651 682 2.0 2.0 2.1

West.................................................................. 629 714 657 1.9 2.2 2.0

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total..................................................................... 1,624 1,560 1,563 1.1 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,492 1,492 1,433 1.2 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 15 20 11 1.8 2.9 1.6

Construction....................................................... 122 176 139 1.9 2.7 2.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 77 102 98 0.6 0.8 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 47 58 71 0.6 0.8 0.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 30 43 27 0.7 1.0 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 284 247 284 1.1 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 26 49 62 0.4 0.8 1.0

Retail trade..................................................... 187 158 162 1.2 1.0 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 71 40 60 1.3 0.7 1.1

Information........................................................ 23 30 26 0.8 1.1 0.9

Financial activities................................................ 47 60 45 0.6 0.7 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 29 32 31 0.5 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 18 28 14 0.9 1.3 0.7

Professional and business services............................ 420 428 355 2.1 2.1 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 166 128 169 0.8 0.6 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 44 27 43 1.2 0.7 1.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 122 101 126 0.7 0.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 278 243 231 1.8 1.6 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 45 79 59 2.0 3.6 2.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 233 165 172 1.8 1.2 1.3

Other services.................................................... 60 58 74 1.1 1.0 1.3

Government.......................................................... 132 67 131 0.6 0.3 0.6

Federal............................................................. 11 10 8 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local.................................................... 120 57 122 0.6 0.3 0.6

State and local education..................................... 93 29 93 0.9 0.3 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 28 29 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 231 341 234 0.9 1.3 0.9

South................................................................. 645 525 636 1.2 1.0 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 344 312 310 1.1 1.0 1.0

West.................................................................. 405 382 383 1.3 1.2 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016p

Total..................................................................... 414 374 391 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 339 330 322 0.3 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 4 4 4 0.5 0.6 0.6

Construction....................................................... 30 20 20 0.5 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 26 26 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 16 16 13 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 10 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 115 101 101 0.4 0.4 0.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 10 14 4 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 87 72 80 0.6 0.5 0.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 18 15 17 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 12 12 6 0.5 0.4 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 30 31 23 0.4 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 25 22 17 0.4 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 6 9 5 0.3 0.4 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 45 56 74 0.2 0.3 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 41 36 32 0.2 0.2 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 5 3 7 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 37 34 25 0.2 0.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 22 39 37 0.1 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 19 37 34 0.1 0.3 0.3

Other services.................................................... 13 5 3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Government.......................................................... 74 44 68 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal............................................................. 16 11 9 0.6 0.4 0.3

State and local.................................................... 59 33 60 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local education..................................... 34 14 38 0.3 0.1 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 25 19 21 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 71 65 49 0.3 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 184 155 169 0.4 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 70 77 80 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 88 77 93 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.