For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, November 1, 2023 USDL-23-2315

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2023

The number of job openings changed little at 9.6 million on the last business day of September, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations

changed little at 5.9 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, quits

(3.7 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of 

the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and 

by establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of September, the number of job openings changed little at 9.6 million, and the 

rate was unchanged at 5.7 percent. Over the month, job openings increased in accommodation and food 

services (+141,000) and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+39,000). Job openings decreased in 

other services (-124,000), federal government (-43,000), and information (-41,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In September, the number of hires changed little at 5.9 million, and the rate was 3.7 percent for the third 

month in a row. The number of hires changed little in all industries. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ 

willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the 

employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to 

other locations of the same firm.

 4.4

 4.8

 5.2

 5.6

 6.0

 6.4

 6.8

 7.2

 7.6

Sep-21 Mar-22 Sep-22 Mar-23 Sep-23

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, September 2021 - September 2023

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

Sep-21 Mar-22 Sep-22 Mar-23 Sep-23

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, September 2021 - September 2023
- 2 -

The number and rate of total separations in September changed little at 5.5 million and 3.5 percent, 

respectively. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in state and local government 

education (-42,000) and in nondurable goods manufacturing (-37,000) but increased in federal 

government (+8,000). (See table 3.)

In September, the number of quits changed little at 3.7 million, and the rate was 2.3 percent for the 3rd

consecutive month. The number of quits increased in information (+24,000) but decreased in state and 

local government, excluding education (-15,000). (See table 4.)

In September, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million and 1.0 

percent, respectively. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in state and local government 

education (-22,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little in September at 352,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In September, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates changed little for establishments with 1 

to 9 employees. The job openings rate decreased for establishments with 5,000 or more employees.

(See table 7.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, December 5, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 10,854 9,497 9,553 6,226 5,850 5,871 5,810 5,687 5,530

Total private....................................... 9,788 8,433 8,570 5,828 5,475 5,501 5,425 5,343 5,237

Mining and logging............................. 29 30 35 24 27 23 22 26 22

Construction.................................... 466 375 431 366 372 303 362 344 310

Manufacturing.................................. 812 604 627 399 392 359 372 384 352

Durable goods............................... 483 378 382 219 203 202 206 192 196

Nondurable goods........................... 329 226 245 180 189 157 167 193 156

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,622 1,309 1,397 1,297 1,118 1,215 1,267 1,119 1,162

Wholesale trade............................. 252 236 259 179 146 158 169 139 145

Retail trade................................... 827 651 674 760 656 750 743 655 719

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 542 421 463 358 317 307 356 325 298

Information...................................... 219 201 160 100 71 76 98 68 85

Financial activities.............................. 483 553 647 239 212 194 217 215 197

Finance and insurance..................... 275 410 479 156 142 118 142 141 121

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 208 142 168 84 70 75 75 74 76

Professional and business services......... 2,155 1,737 1,632 1,191 1,108 1,083 1,125 1,123 1,048

Education and health services............... 2,214 1,971 1,931 819 893 865 716 800 771

Educational services........................ 185 164 173 97 95 92 87 88 88

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 2,029 1,808 1,758 722 798 773 629 712 683

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,546 1,233 1,414 1,155 1,077 1,171 1,036 1,048 1,102

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 200 166 205 166 165 161 141 160 172

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,345 1,068 1,209 990 911 1,010 895 888 929

Other services.................................. 243 420 296 237 206 213 209 215 189

Government....................................... 1,066 1,064 983 398 375 370 384 344 293

Federal.......................................... 185 174 131 43 41 45 44 32 40

State and local................................. 881 890 852 355 334 325 341 312 253

State and local education.................. 296 330 337 170 175 175 166 165 123

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 585 560 515 184 159 149 175 148 130

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 6.6 5.7 5.7 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5

Total private....................................... 6.9 5.9 6.0 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging............................. 4.6 4.5 5.2 3.9 4.1 3.5 3.6 4.0 3.4

Construction.................................... 5.6 4.5 5.1 4.7 4.6 3.8 4.6 4.3 3.9

Manufacturing.................................. 5.9 4.4 4.6 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.7

Durable goods............................... 5.7 4.4 4.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods........................... 6.3 4.5 4.8 3.7 3.9 3.2 3.4 4.0 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.3 4.3 4.6 4.5 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade............................. 4.0 3.8 4.1 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.4

Retail trade................................... 5.1 4.0 4.2 4.9 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 6.9 5.5 6.0 4.9 4.4 4.2 4.9 4.5 4.1

Information...................................... 6.6 6.1 4.9 3.2 2.3 2.5 3.2 2.2 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 5.1 5.7 6.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.1

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 5.8 6.6 2.3 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 8.0 5.5 6.5 3.5 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1

Professional and business services......... 8.7 7.0 6.6 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.6

Education and health services............... 8.3 7.2 7.0 3.3 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.0

Educational services........................ 4.6 4.0 4.2 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 8.9 7.7 7.5 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.0 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................ 8.8 6.9 7.8 7.2 6.5 7.0 6.4 6.3 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 7.9 6.3 7.6 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.0 6.5 6.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 8.9 7.0 7.8 7.2 6.4 7.1 6.5 6.3 6.5

Other services.................................. 4.0 6.7 4.8 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Government....................................... 4.6 4.5 4.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.3

Federal.......................................... 6.1 5.6 4.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.4

State and local................................. 4.4 4.3 4.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.3

State and local education.................. 2.8 3.0 3.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.2

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 6.0 5.7 5.2 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

• The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

• The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future; 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates 

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal 

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special 

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Total............................................... 10,854 9,165 8,920 9,497 9,553 56 6.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.7 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 9,788 8,048 7,958 8,433 8,570 137 6.9 5.7 5.6 5.9 6.0 0.1

Mining and logging......................... 29 31 26 30 35 5 4.6 4.6 3.9 4.5 5.2 0.7

Construction................................ 466 386 353 375 431 56 5.6 4.6 4.2 4.5 5.1 0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 812 580 544 604 627 23 5.9 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.6 0.2

Durable goods........................... 483 364 368 378 382 4 5.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 329 215 177 226 245 19 6.3 4.2 3.5 4.5 4.8 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,622 1,450 1,442 1,309 1,397 88 5.3 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.6 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 252 269 246 236 259 23 4.0 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.1 0.3

Retail trade............................... 827 737 713 651 674 23 5.1 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 542 444 483 421 463 42 6.9 5.7 6.2 5.5 6.0 0.5

Information.................................. 219 159 254 201 160 -41 6.6 4.9 7.6 6.1 4.9 -1.2

Financial activities......................... 483 457 476 553 647 94 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.7 6.6 0.9

Finance and insurance................. 275 328 321 410 479 69 3.9 4.6 4.6 5.8 6.6 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 208 129 154 142 168 26 8.0 5.1 6.0 5.5 6.5 1.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 2,155 1,534 1,432 1,737 1,632 -105 8.7 6.2 5.9 7.0 6.6 -0.4

Education and health services........... 2,214 1,910 1,891 1,971 1,931 -40 8.3 7.0 6.9 7.2 7.0 -0.2

Educational services.................... 185 173 175 164 173 9 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 2,029 1,737 1,716 1,808 1,758 -50 8.9 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.5 -0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,546 1,166 1,231 1,233 1,414 181 8.8 6.6 6.9 6.9 7.8 0.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 200 162 156 166 205 39 7.9 6.2 6.0 6.3 7.6 1.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,345 1,004 1,075 1,068 1,209 141 8.9 6.6 7.1 7.0 7.8 0.8

Other services.............................. 243 376 308 420 296 -124 4.0 6.0 5.0 6.7 4.8 -1.9

Government................................... 1,066 1,117 962 1,064 983 -81 4.6 4.7 4.1 4.5 4.1 -0.4

Federal...................................... 185 155 151 174 131 -43 6.1 5.0 4.9 5.6 4.2 -1.4

State and local............................. 881 962 812 890 852 -38 4.4 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.1 -0.2

State and local education.............. 296 288 219 330 337 7 2.8 2.7 2.1 3.0 3.1 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 585 674 592 560 515 -45 6.0 6.8 6.0 5.7 5.2 -0.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,759 1,493 1,490 1,548 1,574 26 6.0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 0.1

South........................................... 4,282 3,785 3,511 3,763 3,889 126 7.0 6.1 5.7 6.1 6.3 0.2

Midwest........................................ 2,337 1,918 1,827 2,085 2,061 -24 6.6 5.4 5.2 5.9 5.8 -0.1

West............................................ 2,476 1,970 2,092 2,101 2,029 -72 6.4 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.2 -0.2

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,226 5,940 5,822 5,850 5,871 21 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,828 5,554 5,464 5,475 5,501 26 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 24 26 28 27 23 -4 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.5 -0.6

Construction................................ 366 372 382 372 303 -69 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6 3.8 -0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 399 396 405 392 359 -33 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 219 203 214 203 202 -1 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 180 194 191 189 157 -32 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.2 -0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,297 1,174 1,183 1,118 1,215 97 4.5 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.2 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 179 143 147 146 158 12 3.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 0.2

Retail trade............................... 760 717 737 656 750 94 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.8 0.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 358 314 299 317 307 -10 4.9 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Information.................................. 100 79 85 71 76 5 3.2 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.5 0.2

Financial activities......................... 239 183 206 212 194 -18 2.6 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Finance and insurance................. 156 109 127 142 118 -24 2.3 1.6 1.9 2.1 1.8 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 84 74 79 70 75 5 3.5 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.1 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,191 1,113 1,090 1,108 1,083 -25 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Education and health services........... 819 934 865 893 865 -28 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Educational services.................... 97 104 93 95 92 -3 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 722 830 772 798 773 -25 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,155 1,057 1,019 1,077 1,171 94 7.2 6.4 6.1 6.5 7.0 0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 166 182 152 165 161 -4 7.0 7.4 6.2 6.7 6.4 -0.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 990 874 867 911 1,010 99 7.2 6.2 6.1 6.4 7.1 0.7

Other services.............................. 237 220 203 206 213 7 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6 0.1

Government................................... 398 386 357 375 370 -5 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.0

Federal...................................... 43 49 46 41 45 4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5 0.1

State and local............................. 355 337 312 334 325 -9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local education.............. 170 177 140 175 175 0 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 184 160 171 159 149 -10 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 912 884 871 933 942 9 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 0.1

South........................................... 2,595 2,495 2,456 2,518 2,473 -45 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,286 1,214 1,188 1,200 1,202 2 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

West............................................ 1,434 1,347 1,307 1,200 1,255 55 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.4 0.2

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Total............................................... 5,810 5,691 5,638 5,687 5,530 -157 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,425 5,365 5,268 5,343 5,237 -106 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 22 27 25 26 22 -4 3.6 4.3 3.8 4.0 3.4 -0.6

Construction................................ 362 318 364 344 310 -34 4.6 4.0 4.6 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 372 391 415 384 352 -32 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.7 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 206 195 211 192 196 4 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 167 197 204 193 156 -37 3.4 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.2 -0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,267 1,163 1,158 1,119 1,162 43 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 169 149 125 139 145 6 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.4 0.1

Retail trade............................... 743 699 714 655 719 64 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.2 4.6 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 356 314 318 325 298 -27 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.1 -0.4

Information.................................. 98 86 113 68 85 17 3.2 2.8 3.7 2.2 2.8 0.6

Financial activities......................... 217 166 181 215 197 -18 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Finance and insurance................. 142 105 112 141 121 -20 2.1 1.6 1.7 2.1 1.8 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 75 60 69 74 76 2 3.2 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.1 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,125 1,123 1,096 1,123 1,048 -75 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Education and health services........... 716 842 759 800 771 -29 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Educational services.................... 87 94 95 88 88 0 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 629 749 664 712 683 -29 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,036 1,025 953 1,048 1,102 54 6.4 6.2 5.7 6.3 6.6 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 141 161 144 160 172 12 6.0 6.5 5.8 6.5 6.9 0.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 895 865 809 888 929 41 6.5 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.5 0.2

Other services.............................. 209 224 205 215 189 -26 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.2 -0.5

Government................................... 384 326 370 344 293 -51 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 -0.2

Federal...................................... 44 42 39 32 40 8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.3

State and local............................. 341 284 331 312 253 -59 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.3 -0.3

State and local education.............. 166 153 165 165 123 -42 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.2 -0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 175 131 166 148 130 -18 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.4 -0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 851 828 826 752 783 31 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.8 0.1

South........................................... 2,352 2,391 2,376 2,402 2,346 -56 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,271 1,214 1,191 1,291 1,178 -113 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.5 -0.4

West............................................ 1,336 1,258 1,245 1,241 1,223 -18 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Total............................................... 4,065 3,802 3,619 3,663 3,661 -2 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,832 3,618 3,409 3,455 3,477 22 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 13 16 16 15 12 -3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.9 -0.4

Construction................................ 148 180 182 159 143 -16 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.8 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 247 258 259 230 216 -14 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 136 123 125 107 117 10 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 110 135 134 123 99 -24 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.0 -0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 919 798 799 759 818 59 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.8 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 118 106 81 97 88 -9 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.4 -0.2

Retail trade............................... 578 493 528 466 540 74 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.5 0.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 224 199 190 196 190 -6 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Information.................................. 62 48 57 23 47 24 2.0 1.5 1.8 0.7 1.5 0.8

Financial activities......................... 134 125 112 141 130 -11 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.4 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 80 77 65 94 89 -5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 54 48 47 47 41 -6 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 -0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 755 612 600 617 606 -11 3.3 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Education and health services........... 544 614 524 575 550 -25 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Educational services.................... 52 55 55 52 52 0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 492 559 469 523 497 -26 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 863 828 732 812 835 23 5.4 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.0 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 75 106 90 105 91 -14 3.2 4.3 3.7 4.2 3.6 -0.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 789 722 642 707 744 37 5.7 5.1 4.5 5.0 5.2 0.2

Other services.............................. 147 139 129 125 119 -6 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Government................................... 233 184 211 208 185 -23 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Federal...................................... 20 20 18 15 18 3 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.1

State and local............................. 214 164 192 193 167 -26 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2

State and local education.............. 108 100 115 92 80 -12 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 106 64 78 101 86 -15 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 -0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 551 475 473 418 491 73 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.8 0.3

South........................................... 1,745 1,683 1,617 1,669 1,642 -27 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 864 812 745 802 750 -52 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 -0.2

West............................................ 906 832 784 774 779 5 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.0

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Total............................................... 1,436 1,551 1,681 1,682 1,517 -165 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,348 1,464 1,577 1,592 1,459 -133 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 7 11 7 9 9 0 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.0

Construction................................ 193 122 178 175 150 -25 2.5 1.5 2.2 2.2 1.9 -0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 93 113 134 136 114 -22 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 46 61 73 76 65 -11 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 48 51 60 60 50 -10 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 297 312 304 290 277 -13 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 38 34 41 33 51 18 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.3

Retail trade............................... 152 180 158 154 137 -17 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 107 97 105 103 88 -15 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 -0.2

Information.................................. 31 26 46 28 26 -2 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Financial activities......................... 55 24 43 48 53 5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.1

Finance and insurance................. 39 14 26 27 23 -4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 17 11 17 21 30 9 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 317 423 417 431 367 -64 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 -0.3

Education and health services........... 154 181 174 183 175 -8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0

Educational services.................... 31 32 34 34 29 -5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 -0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 123 149 141 149 147 -2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 156 183 212 217 232 15 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 65 51 49 52 78 26 2.8 2.1 2.0 2.1 3.1 1.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 90 132 163 165 154 -11 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Other services.............................. 45 69 62 75 56 -19 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 -0.4

Government................................... 88 87 104 90 58 -32 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Federal...................................... 11 8 7 6 7 1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local............................. 78 79 96 84 51 -33 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 -0.1

State and local education.............. 34 34 28 52 30 -22 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 43 45 68 32 21 -11 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 249 269 309 265 228 -37 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 -0.1

South........................................... 493 591 615 599 594 -5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Midwest........................................ 348 322 368 437 361 -76 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 -0.2

West............................................ 347 369 388 381 333 -48 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 -0.1

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug.

2023 -

Sept.

2023p

Total............................................... 308 339 338 342 352 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 245 284 282 295 302 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 2 1 1 0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Construction................................ 21 16 4 10 16 6 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 33 20 22 18 21 3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 24 10 13 8 14 6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 9 10 9 10 7 -3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 51 52 54 70 68 -2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 14 8 3 9 7 -2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Retail trade............................... 13 26 28 36 41 5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 24 18 23 26 19 -7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Information.................................. 6 12 11 17 12 -5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 28 16 27 26 14 -12 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 23 15 22 20 9 -11 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 5 1 5 5 5 0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 53 88 79 76 75 -1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Education and health services........... 18 47 61 42 46 4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services.................... 4 7 7 3 7 4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 14 40 54 39 38 -1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 17 14 8 19 34 15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 1 4 5 3 3 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 16 10 4 16 31 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1

Other services.............................. 17 16 15 16 15 -1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

Government................................... 63 55 56 47 50 3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Federal...................................... 13 14 13 11 15 4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1

State and local............................. 50 41 43 36 35 -1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 23 19 23 21 13 -8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 26 22 20 15 22 7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 51 84 43 69 64 -5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

South........................................... 114 118 144 133 111 -22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Midwest........................................ 60 80 78 53 66 13 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

West............................................ 84 58 73 87 110 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug. 2023 -

Sept. 2023p

Sept.

2022

June

2023

July

2023

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Change

from:

Aug. 2023 -

Sept. 2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 9,788 8,048 7,958 8,433 8,570 137 6.9 5.7 5.6 5.9 6.0 0.1

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,712 1,472 1,565 1,699 2,027 328 7.0 6.3 6.9 7.5 8.6 1.1

10 to 49 employees............... 3,088 2,435 2,292 2,326 2,480 154 6.6 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.5 0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 2,701 2,303 2,207 2,400 2,311 -89 6.8 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.6 0.0

250 to 999 employees............ 1,262 1,003 1,035 1,107 911 -196 7.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 4.9 -0.8

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 739 566 562 607 595 -12 8.2 7.1 6.6 6.6 6.4 -0.2

5,000 or more employees........ 287 269 296 294 246 -48 7.2 6.4 6.6 6.3 5.4 -0.9

HIRES

Total private.......................... 5,828 5,554 5,464 5,475 5,501 26 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

1 to 9 employees.................. 887 875 838 836 896 60 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 0.1

10 to 49 employees............... 1,891 1,772 1,649 1,635 1,688 53 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 -0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 1,829 1,833 1,819 1,791 1,781 -10 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.6 0.2

250 to 999 employees............ 772 734 765 808 726 -82 4.7 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.1 -0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 370 257 302 323 326 3 4.5 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 0.0

5,000 or more employees........ 79 82 90 82 84 2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9 0.0

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,425 5,365 5,268 5,343 5,237 -106 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.9 -0.1

1 to 9 employees.................. 756 798 767 763 767 4 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

10 to 49 employees............... 1,809 1,780 1,780 1,631 1,714 83 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 0.0

50 to 249 employees............. 1,723 1,668 1,647 1,711 1,737 26 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 0.2

250 to 999 employees............ 712 749 704 842 669 -173 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.6 3.8 -0.8

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 354 296 301 328 288 -40 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.3 -0.5

5,000 or more employees........ 71 75 70 68 62 -6 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 -0.2

QUITS

Total private........................ 3,832 3,618 3,409 3,455 3,477 22 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 476 514 416 465 378 -87 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.8 -0.4

10 to 49 employees............ 1,392 1,256 1,213 1,072 1,297 225 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.0 0.4

50 to 249 employees........... 1,191 1,191 1,146 1,197 1,189 -8 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0 0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 505 445 429 506 410 -96 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.3 -0.5

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 229 165 163 173 163 -10 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 39 47 42 43 39 -4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,348 1,464 1,577 1,592 1,459 -133 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees............... 219 214 294 203 303 100 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.4

10 to 49 employees............ 355 445 481 482 326 -156 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.8 -0.4

50 to 249 employees........... 473 419 433 452 476 24 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 181 260 242 304 233 -71 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.3 -0.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 107 107 109 133 106 -27 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 -0.3

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 13 18 18 17 15 -2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 245 284 282 295 302 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 61 70 57 95 86 -9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 -0.1

10 to 49 employees............ 62 79 85 76 91 15 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 59 58 68 62 72 10 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 26 43 33 32 26 -6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 18 24 29 22 19 -3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 19 9 10 9 8 -1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 10,901 9,523 9,639 6.6 5.7 5.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 9,862 8,430 8,680 7.0 5.9 6.1

Mining and logging............................................... 29 29 35 4.5 4.3 5.1

Construction....................................................... 428 384 438 5.1 4.5 5.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 835 623 647 6.1 4.6 4.7

Durable goods.................................................. 501 389 397 5.9 4.5 4.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 334 234 250 6.4 4.6 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,738 1,321 1,463 5.7 4.4 4.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 244 221 247 3.9 3.5 3.9

Retail trade..................................................... 915 701 733 5.6 4.3 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 579 399 484 7.4 5.3 6.3

Information........................................................ 220 195 155 6.6 5.9 4.8

Financial activities................................................ 479 560 684 5.0 5.7 7.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 281 407 512 4.0 5.7 7.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 198 153 172 7.6 5.8 6.6

Professional and business services............................ 2,198 1,777 1,676 8.8 7.1 6.8

Education and health services.................................. 2,164 1,934 1,899 8.1 7.1 6.9

Educational services.......................................... 181 158 165 4.5 4.1 4.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,983 1,776 1,734 8.7 7.6 7.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,529 1,194 1,396 8.6 6.5 7.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 186 157 194 7.2 5.4 7.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,344 1,037 1,203 8.9 6.7 7.8

Other services.................................................... 244 412 286 4.1 6.5 4.6

Government.......................................................... 1,039 1,093 959 4.4 4.7 4.0

Federal............................................................. 170 183 118 5.6 5.8 3.8

State and local.................................................... 869 910 841 4.3 4.6 4.0

State and local education..................................... 280 344 320 2.6 3.5 2.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 589 565 521 6.1 5.6 5.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,713 1,537 1,559 5.9 5.2 5.3

South................................................................. 4,349 3,773 3,946 7.1 6.1 6.3

Midwest............................................................... 2,363 2,064 2,101 6.7 5.8 5.9

West.................................................................. 2,476 2,149 2,033 6.4 5.5 5.2

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 6,290 6,621 5,890 4.1 4.2 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,827 5,920 5,462 4.4 4.4 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 25 27 23 4.1 4.2 3.5

Construction....................................................... 359 382 294 4.5 4.7 3.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 410 437 360 3.2 3.3 2.8

Durable goods.................................................. 222 218 202 2.8 2.7 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 188 219 158 3.8 4.5 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,283 1,203 1,190 4.5 4.2 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 190 146 167 3.2 2.4 2.7

Retail trade..................................................... 715 746 720 4.7 4.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 378 311 303 5.2 4.4 4.2

Information........................................................ 108 77 81 3.5 2.5 2.6

Financial activities................................................ 241 227 189 2.7 2.5 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 160 156 116 2.4 2.3 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 82 71 73 3.4 2.9 3.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,161 1,126 1,046 5.1 4.9 4.5

Education and health services.................................. 875 1,066 901 3.6 4.2 3.5

Educational services.......................................... 135 163 120 3.5 4.5 3.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 741 903 782 3.6 4.2 3.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,136 1,168 1,173 7.0 6.8 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 134 137 131 5.6 5.0 5.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,001 1,031 1,042 7.3 7.1 7.3

Other services.................................................... 228 206 205 4.0 3.5 3.5

Government.......................................................... 462 701 428 2.1 3.2 1.9

Federal............................................................. 46 42 48 1.6 1.4 1.6

State and local.................................................... 416 659 380 2.1 3.5 1.9

State and local education..................................... 248 502 247 2.4 5.3 2.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 168 157 133 1.8 1.6 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 954 960 995 3.5 3.4 3.6

South................................................................. 2,602 2,933 2,461 4.5 5.0 4.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,282 1,354 1,180 3.9 4.1 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,451 1,374 1,254 4.0 3.7 3.4

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 6,078 6,769 5,750 4.0 4.3 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,637 6,277 5,425 4.3 4.7 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 22 29 21 3.5 4.4 3.2

Construction....................................................... 363 391 298 4.6 4.8 3.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 388 470 350 3.0 3.6 2.7

Durable goods.................................................. 213 236 197 2.7 2.9 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 175 234 153 3.6 4.8 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,259 1,334 1,141 4.4 4.6 4.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 171 164 142 2.8 2.7 2.3

Retail trade..................................................... 743 847 727 4.8 5.5 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 345 323 271 4.8 4.5 3.8

Information........................................................ 97 78 82 3.1 2.5 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 217 292 195 2.4 3.2 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 139 197 116 2.1 2.9 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 78 95 79 3.2 3.8 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,143 1,161 1,049 5.0 5.0 4.5

Education and health services.................................. 717 920 764 2.9 3.6 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 82 140 81 2.1 3.8 2.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 635 780 683 3.1 3.6 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,205 1,350 1,328 7.5 7.8 7.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 218 248 264 9.1 9.1 10.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 988 1,102 1,064 7.2 7.6 7.5

Other services.................................................... 225 252 198 3.9 4.3 3.4

Government.......................................................... 441 492 326 2.0 2.2 1.4

Federal............................................................. 45 35 41 1.6 1.2 1.4

State and local.................................................... 396 457 284 2.0 2.4 1.4

State and local education..................................... 149 247 109 1.4 2.6 1.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 247 210 176 2.7 2.2 1.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 976 948 911 3.6 3.4 3.3

South................................................................. 2,387 2,800 2,355 4.2 4.8 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,342 1,521 1,242 4.1 4.6 3.7

West.................................................................. 1,373 1,500 1,243 3.8 4.0 3.3

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 4,284 4,542 3,863 2.8 2.9 2.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,042 4,252 3,663 3.1 3.2 2.7

Mining and logging............................................... 14 18 13 2.3 2.8 2.0

Construction....................................................... 166 204 152 2.1 2.5 1.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 264 294 221 2.0 2.3 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 148 138 122 1.8 1.7 1.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 116 156 98 2.4 3.2 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 941 964 832 3.3 3.4 2.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 124 125 88 2.1 2.1 1.4

Retail trade..................................................... 588 623 562 3.8 4.0 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 230 216 183 3.2 3.0 2.5

Information........................................................ 64 36 50 2.1 1.2 1.6

Financial activities................................................ 130 189 124 1.4 2.1 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 76 130 85 1.1 1.9 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 54 59 39 2.2 2.4 1.6

Professional and business services............................ 803 672 662 3.5 2.9 2.9

Education and health services.................................. 544 668 532 2.2 2.6 2.1

Educational services.......................................... 53 78 50 1.4 2.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 491 591 483 2.4 2.7 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 952 1,064 948 5.9 6.2 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 99 170 115 4.1 6.2 4.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 852 895 832 6.2 6.1 5.8

Other services.................................................... 164 143 131 2.9 2.4 2.2

Government.......................................................... 242 290 199 1.1 1.3 0.9

Federal............................................................. 21 19 18 0.7 0.6 0.6

State and local.................................................... 222 271 181 1.1 1.4 0.9

State and local education..................................... 101 142 75 1.0 1.5 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 121 129 106 1.3 1.4 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 607 561 555 2.2 2.0 2.0

South................................................................. 1,780 2,031 1,666 3.1 3.5 2.9

Midwest............................................................... 929 1,003 809 2.8 3.0 2.4

West.................................................................. 968 947 833 2.7 2.6 2.2

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 1,491 1,837 1,542 1.0 1.2 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,350 1,691 1,462 1.0 1.3 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 6 9 7 1.0 1.4 1.1

Construction....................................................... 175 175 127 2.2 2.1 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 95 155 109 0.7 1.2 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 44 90 61 0.6 1.1 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 50 66 48 1.0 1.3 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 262 287 234 0.9 1.0 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 32 28 47 0.5 0.5 0.8

Retail trade..................................................... 142 179 120 0.9 1.2 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 87 80 66 1.2 1.1 0.9

Information........................................................ 29 25 21 0.9 0.8 0.7

Financial activities................................................ 57 68 57 0.6 0.7 0.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 38 38 23 0.6 0.6 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 19 30 34 0.8 1.2 1.4

Professional and business services............................ 296 412 323 1.3 1.8 1.4

Education and health services.................................. 156 204 188 0.6 0.8 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 26 58 25 0.7 1.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 130 146 163 0.6 0.7 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 236 263 349 1.5 1.5 2.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 117 73 145 4.9 2.7 5.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 120 189 205 0.9 1.3 1.4

Other services.................................................... 38 92 47 0.7 1.6 0.8

Government.......................................................... 141 147 79 0.6 0.7 0.3

Federal............................................................. 12 5 8 0.4 0.2 0.3

State and local.................................................... 130 141 71 0.7 0.7 0.4

State and local education..................................... 29 78 23 0.3 0.8 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 101 64 48 1.1 0.7 0.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 313 303 282 1.1 1.1 1.0

South................................................................. 499 609 591 0.9 1.0 1.0

Midwest............................................................... 350 461 363 1.1 1.4 1.1

West.................................................................. 329 465 305 0.9 1.3 0.8

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 303 389 346 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 245 335 299 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 1 0.3 0.2 0.1

Construction....................................................... 22 13 19 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 29 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 20 8 13 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 9 12 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 56 83 75 0.2 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 14 10 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 13 45 45 0.1 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 28 27 22 0.4 0.4 0.3

Information........................................................ 5 17 12 0.2 0.6 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 29 35 14 0.3 0.4 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 24 29 8 0.4 0.4 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 5 6 6 0.2 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 44 77 63 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 17 48 44 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 3 4 6 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 14 44 38 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 17 23 31 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 5 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 16 18 27 0.1 0.1 0.2

Other services.................................................... 23 17 20 0.4 0.3 0.3

Government.......................................................... 57 55 47 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 12 11 15 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 45 44 32 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 19 27 10 0.2 0.3 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 26 17 22 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 54 83 73 0.2 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 109 162 98 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 63 57 69 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 76 87 105 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

Sept.

2022

Aug.

2023

Sept.

2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 9,862 8,430 8,680 7.0 5.9 6.1

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,633 1,607 1,979 6.7 7.1 8.4

10 to 49 employees................................................. 3,117 2,296 2,518 6.7 5.3 5.6

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,751 2,446 2,362 7.0 5.6 5.7

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,328 1,167 946 7.5 5.9 5.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 743 628 630 8.3 6.8 6.7

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 290 286 246 7.3 6.1 5.4

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 5,827 5,920 5,462 4.4 4.4 4.1

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 803 808 802 3.5 3.8 3.7

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,936 1,784 1,716 4.4 4.4 4.0

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,821 2,000 1,768 5.0 4.9 4.5

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 798 885 731 4.9 4.8 4.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 383 347 353 4.6 4.0 4.0

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 86 97 92 2.3 2.2 2.1

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 5,637 6,277 5,425 4.3 4.7 4.0

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 759 866 750 3.3 4.1 3.5

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,922 1,954 1,831 4.4 4.8 4.3

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,774 2,079 1,792 4.8 5.1 4.6

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 753 936 701 4.6 5.1 4.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 357 358 289 4.3 4.1 3.3

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 72 84 61 2.0 1.9 1.4

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 4,042 4,252 3,663 3.1 3.2 2.7

1 to 9 employees................................................. 503 569 389 2.2 2.7 1.8

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 1,464 1,360 1,388 3.4 3.3 3.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,250 1,479 1,230 3.4 3.6 3.1

250 to 999 employees........................................... 541 589 443 3.3 3.2 2.5

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 242 203 174 2.9 2.3 2.0

5,000 or more employees....................................... 41 52 39 1.1 1.2 0.9

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,350 1,691 1,462 1.0 1.3 1.1

1 to 9 employees................................................. 195 173 278 0.9 0.8 1.3

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 393 519 346 0.9 1.3 0.8

50 to 249 employees............................................. 467 531 493 1.3 1.3 1.3

250 to 999 employees........................................... 186 313 235 1.1 1.7 1.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 96 131 96 1.2 1.5 1.1

5,000 or more employees....................................... 13 24 14 0.3 0.5 0.3

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 245 335 299 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 61 125 83 0.3 0.6 0.4

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 64 76 97 0.1 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 57 69 69 0.2 0.2 0.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 25 34 23 0.2 0.2 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 19 23 19 0.2 0.3 0.2

5,000 or more employees....................................... 19 8 7 0.5 0.2 0.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.