Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-1585 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, August 5, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JULY 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 528,000 in July, and the unemployment rate edged down 

to 3.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job growth was widespread, led by 

gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, and health care. Both total nonfarm 

employment and the unemployment rate have returned to their February 2020 pre-pandemic levels.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In July, the unemployment rate edged down to 3.5 percent, and the number of unemployed persons

edged down to 5.7 million. These measures have returned to their levels in February 2020, prior to the 

coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.) 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

July 2019 – July 2022

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Jul-19 Jan-20 Jul-20 Jan-21 Jul-21 Jan-22 Jul-22

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

July 2019 – July 2022

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Jul-19 Jan-20 Jul-20 Jan-21 Jul-21 Jan-22 Jul-22
-2-

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.1 percent) and Whites

(3.1 percent) declined in July. The jobless rates for adult men (3.2 percent), teenagers (11.5 percent), 

Blacks (6.0 percent), Asians (2.6 percent), and Hispanics (3.9 percent) showed little change over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers, at 1.2 million in July, continued to trend 

down over the month and is 129,000 lower than in February 2020. The number of persons on 

temporary layoff, at 791,000 in July, changed little from the prior month and has essentially returned to 

its pre-pandemic level. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) decreased by 269,000 in 

July to 1.1 million. This measure has returned to its February 2020 level. The long-term unemployed 

accounted for 18.9 percent of the total unemployed in July. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.1 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.0

percent, were little changed over the month. Both measures remain below their February 2020 values 

(63.4 percent and 61.2 percent, respectively). (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons increased by 303,000 to 3.9 million 

in July. This rise reflected an increase in the number of persons whose hours were cut due to slack work 

or business conditions. The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons is below its 

February 2020 level of 4.4 million. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, 

were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs.

(See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.9 million in July, little 

changed over the month. This measure is above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals 

were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force, at 1.5 million, was about unchanged in July. These individuals wanted and were 

available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached 

who believed that no jobs were available for them, numbered 424,000 in July, little changed from the 

prior month. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In July, 7.1 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, 

unchanged from the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at 

home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic.

In July, 2.2 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer closed 

or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at some 

point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is little changed from the 

previous month. Among those who reported in July that they were unable to work because of pandemicrelated closures or lost business, 25.0 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the 

hours not worked, little different from the previous month.
-3-

Among those not in the labor force in July, 548,000 persons were prevented from looking for work 

due to the pandemic, little changed from the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, 

individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 528,000 in July, larger than the average monthly gain 

over the prior 4 months (+388,000). Job growth was widespread in July, led by gains in leisure and 

hospitality, professional and business services, and health care. (See table B-1.)

Total nonfarm employment has increased by 22.0 million since reaching a low in April 2020 and has 

returned to its pre-pandemic level. Private-sector employment is 629,000 higher than in February 2020, 

although several sectors have yet to recover. Government employment is 597,000 lower than its prepandemic level.

In July, leisure and hospitality added 96,000 jobs, as growth continued in food services and 

drinking places (+74,000). However, employment in leisure and hospitality is below its February 

2020 level by 1.2 million, or 7.1 percent.

Employment in professional and business services continued to grow, with an increase of 89,000 in 

July. Job growth was widespread within the industry, including gains in management of companies 

and enterprises (+13,000), architectural and engineering services (+13,000), management and 

technical consulting services (+12,000), and scientific research and development services (+10,000). 

Employment in professional and business services is 986,000 higher than in February 2020.

Employment in health care rose by 70,000 in July. Job gains occurred in ambulatory health care 

services (+47,000), hospitals (+13,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+9,000). 

Employment in health care overall is below its February 2020 level by 78,000, or 0.5 percent.

Employment in government rose by 57,000 in July but is below its February 2020 level by 597,000, or 

2.6 percent. Over the month, employment increased by 37,000 in local government, mostly in education

(+27,000). Employment in local government is below its February 2020 level by 555,000, or 3.8

percent, with the losses split between the education and non-education components.

Employment in construction increased by 32,000 in July, as specialty trade contractors added 22,000

jobs. Construction employment is 82,000 higher than in February 2020.

Manufacturing employment increased by 30,000 in July. Employment in durable goods industries rose

by 21,000, with job gains in semiconductors and electronic components (+4,000) and miscellaneous 

durable goods manufacturing (+4,000). Employment in manufacturing is 41,000 above its February 

2020 level.
 

-4-

In July, social assistance added 27,000 jobs, including a gain of 19,000 in individual and family 

services. Since February 2020, employment in social assistance is down by 53,000, or 1.2 percent. 

Employment in retail trade increased by 22,000 in July, although it has shown no net change since 

March. In July, job gains occurred in food and beverage stores (+9,000) and general merchandise stores 

(+8,000). Retail trade employment is 208,000 above its level in February 2020. 

In July, transportation and warehousing added 21,000 jobs. Employment rose in air transportation 

(+7,000) and support activities for transportation (+6,000). Employment in transportation and 

warehousing is 745,000 above its February 2020 level. 

Information employment continued its upward trend in July (+13,000) and is 117,000 higher than in 

February 2020. 

Employment in financial activities continued to trend up in July (+13,000). Employment in the industry

is 95,000 above its level in February 2020. 

Employment in mining rose by 7,000 in July, with gains in support activities for mining (+4,000) and 

oil and gas extraction (+2,000). Mining employment is 96,000 above a recent low in February 2021. 

Employment showed little change over the month in wholesale trade and in other services. 

In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 15 cents, or 0.5 

percent, to $32.27. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.2 percent. In 

July, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 11 

cents, or 0.4 percent, to $27.57. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

In July, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.6 hours for the 

fifth month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees held at 40.4 hours, 

and overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained unchanged at 34.0 hours. (See 

tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised up by 2,000, from +384,000 to 

+386,000, and the change for June was revised up by 26,000, from +372,000 to +398,000. With these 

revisions, employment in May and June combined is 28,000 higher than previously reported. 

(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 

since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 2, 2022, at 

8:30 a.m. (ET). 
 

-5-

2022 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data 

to be released on August 24, 2022 

Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of employment 

from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts 

are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to 

file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 24, 2022, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the 

preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This 

is the same day that the first-quarter 2022 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark 

revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private employment, will be 

available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm. 

The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2023 Employment 

Situation news release in February 2023. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category July

2021

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Change from:

June 2022-

July 2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 261,469 263,679 263,835 264,012 177

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,375 164,376 164,023 163,960 -63

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.7 62.3 62.2 62.1 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 152,704 158,426 158,111 158,290 179

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.4 60.1 59.9 60.0 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 8,671 5,950 5,912 5,670 -242

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,094 99,302 99,812 100,051 239

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.0 3.4 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 10.7 10.4 11.0 11.5 0.5

White.......................................................................... 4.8 3.2 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 8.2 6.2 5.8 6.0 0.2

Asian.......................................................................... 5.2 2.4 3.0 2.6 -0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.4 4.3 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 9.4 5.2 5.8 5.9 0.1

High school graduates, no college........................................ 6.2 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.9 3.4 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,907 2,736 2,645 2,547 -98

Job leavers...................................................................... 927 764 832 842 10

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,289 1,943 1,990 1,826 -164

New entrants.................................................................... 468 535 464 460 -4

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,246 2,066 2,262 2,080 -182

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,794 1,767 1,552 1,772 220

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,203 661 753 718 -35

27 weeks and over............................................................. 3,411 1,356 1,336 1,067 -269

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,450 4,328 3,621 3,924 303

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,972 2,996 2,366 2,697 331

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,099 999 914 910 -4

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,051 20,806 20,602 21,103 501

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,861 1,472 1,504 1,545 41

Discouraged workers........................................................ 498 415 364 424 60

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 386 398 528

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 331 404 471

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 61 51 69

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 8 7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 35 16 32

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 19 27 30

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 8 8 21

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 -7.4 0.6 -2.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 11 19 9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 270 353 402

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 13.1 5.7 10.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 -43.7 22.1 21.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 38.1 21.0 20.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.6 1.4 0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 26 24 13

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 10 6 13

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 69 91 89

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 5.0 4.3 9.8

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 78 109 122

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 57.4 88.4 96.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 69 74 96

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 10 -1 15

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 55 -6 57

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 384 384 437

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 361 368 402

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 49.8 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.4 48.4 48.5

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 34.6 34.6 34.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.67 $31.98 $32.12 $32.27

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,067.32 $1,106.51 $1,111.35 $1,116.54

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.6 112.4 112.7 113.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.2 171.8 173.1 174.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.1 67.6 69.3 68.6

Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 65.5 61.5 66.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,469 263,835 264,012 261,469 263,444 263,559 263,679 263,835 264,012

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,817 165,012 165,321 161,375 164,409 164,046 164,376 164,023 163,960

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 62.5 62.6 61.7 62.4 62.2 62.3 62.2 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,596 158,678 159,067 152,704 158,458 158,105 158,426 158,111 158,290

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 60.1 60.2 58.4 60.1 60.0 60.1 59.9 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,221 6,334 6,255 8,671 5,952 5,941 5,950 5,912 5,670

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.8 3.8 5.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,653 98,822 98,690 100,094 99,035 99,513 99,302 99,812 100,051

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,818 6,100 6,224 6,529 5,737 5,859 5,681 5,656 5,910

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,499 128,547 128,636 126,499 128,355 128,411 128,470 128,547 128,636

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,723 87,924 88,052 85,505 87,660 87,377 87,366 87,213 86,936

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.4 68.5 67.6 68.3 68.0 68.0 67.8 67.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,918 84,690 84,953 80,749 84,465 84,089 84,218 84,061 83,891

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 65.9 66.0 63.8 65.8 65.5 65.6 65.4 65.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,806 3,234 3,098 4,757 3,195 3,288 3,148 3,152 3,046

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.7 3.5 5.6 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,776 40,624 40,584 40,994 40,695 41,034 41,104 41,334 41,700

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,192 119,899 119,977 118,192 119,726 119,780 119,831 119,899 119,977

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,075 84,178 84,270 82,544 84,426 84,295 84,249 84,040 83,857

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 70.2 70.2 69.8 70.5 70.4 70.3 70.1 69.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,698 81,432 81,610 78,135 81,554 81,334 81,422 81,242 81,164

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 67.9 68.0 66.1 68.1 67.9 67.9 67.8 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,376 2,746 2,660 4,410 2,872 2,961 2,827 2,797 2,692

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.3 3.2 5.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,118 35,721 35,707 35,648 35,300 35,486 35,582 35,859 36,120

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,970 135,287 135,376 134,970 135,089 135,148 135,209 135,287 135,376

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,093 77,089 77,270 75,870 76,749 76,670 77,010 76,809 77,024

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 57.0 57.1 56.2 56.8 56.7 57.0 56.8 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,678 73,988 74,114 71,956 73,992 74,017 74,208 74,050 74,399

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.1 54.7 54.7 53.3 54.8 54.8 54.9 54.7 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,416 3,101 3,156 3,914 2,757 2,653 2,802 2,760 2,625

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 4.0 4.1 5.2 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,877 58,198 58,106 59,100 58,340 58,479 58,199 58,478 58,351

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,837 126,872 126,951 126,837 126,691 126,749 126,802 126,872 126,951

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,547 73,522 73,607 72,934 73,695 73,514 73,911 73,741 73,988

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.9 58.0 57.5 58.2 58.0 58.3 58.1 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,494 70,890 70,900 69,306 71,244 71,170 71,432 71,311 71,710

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.0 55.9 55.8 54.6 56.2 56.2 56.3 56.2 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,053 2,632 2,708 3,628 2,451 2,344 2,479 2,430 2,278

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 3.6 3.7 5.0 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,290 53,350 53,344 53,903 52,996 53,234 52,891 53,131 52,963

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,440 17,064 17,084 16,440 17,027 17,030 17,046 17,064 17,084

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,195 7,312 7,444 5,897 6,288 6,237 6,216 6,242 6,116

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.8 42.9 43.6 35.9 36.9 36.6 36.5 36.6 35.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,403 6,356 6,557 5,264 5,660 5,601 5,571 5,558 5,415

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 37.2 38.4 32.0 33.2 32.9 32.7 32.6 31.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 957 887 633 629 636 645 685 700

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 13.1 11.9 10.7 10.0 10.2 10.4 11.0 11.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,245 9,752 9,640 10,543 10,739 10,793 10,830 10,822 10,968

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,888 203,125 203,229 201,888 202,932 202,982 203,039 203,125 203,229

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,285 126,371 126,611 124,293 126,364 125,664 125,772 125,706 125,705

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.2 62.3 61.6 62.3 61.9 61.9 61.9 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,974 121,949 122,376 118,304 122,357 121,606 121,724 121,587 121,822

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 60.0 60.2 58.6 60.3 59.9 60.0 59.9 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,311 4,422 4,235 5,990 4,007 4,058 4,048 4,119 3,884

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.5 3.3 4.8 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,602 76,754 76,618 77,594 76,568 77,319 77,267 77,419 77,524

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,140 65,607 65,662 64,817 66,059 65,540 65,653 65,556 65,430

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.6 70.0 70.1 70.0 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,093 63,653 63,763 61,699 64,043 63,521 63,620 63,529 63,464

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 67.9 68.0 66.6 68.4 67.8 67.9 67.8 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,048 1,954 1,899 3,118 2,015 2,020 2,033 2,027 1,966

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.0 2.9 4.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,594 55,099 55,243 54,922 55,376 55,215 55,315 55,318 55,565

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 56.8 57.0 56.5 57.2 57.0 57.1 57.1 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,831 53,334 53,489 52,466 53,803 53,656 53,731 53,727 54,123

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 55.0 55.2 54.0 55.6 55.4 55.5 55.4 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,763 1,765 1,754 2,456 1,572 1,559 1,583 1,591 1,442

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 3.2 3.2 4.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,551 5,665 5,706 4,555 4,930 4,909 4,804 4,832 4,711

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 45.4 45.7 37.8 39.5 39.4 38.5 38.7 37.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,050 4,961 5,124 4,140 4,510 4,429 4,373 4,331 4,235

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.9 39.7 41.0 34.3 36.2 35.5 35.1 34.7 33.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 703 582 415 420 480 431 501 476

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 12.4 10.2 9.1 8.5 9.8 9.0 10.4 10.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,619 34,107 34,138 33,619 34,030 34,055 34,079 34,107 34,138

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,692 21,379 21,418 20,431 21,134 21,209 21,475 21,213 21,174

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 62.7 62.7 60.8 62.1 62.3 63.0 62.2 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,883 20,082 20,027 18,765 19,825 19,963 20,141 19,975 19,907

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 58.9 58.7 55.8 58.3 58.6 59.1 58.6 58.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,809 1,297 1,391 1,666 1,309 1,246 1,335 1,238 1,268

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 6.1 6.5 8.2 6.2 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,926 12,728 12,720 13,187 12,895 12,846 12,604 12,895 12,964

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,503 9,945 9,853 9,412 9,817 9,969 9,983 9,866 9,764

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9 68.6 67.9 66.2 67.9 68.9 68.9 68.1 67.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,699 9,429 9,297 8,614 9,264 9,360 9,416 9,342 9,212

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 65.0 64.1 60.6 64.1 64.7 65.0 64.4 63.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804 516 556 798 553 608 566 524 552

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 5.2 5.6 8.5 5.6 6.1 5.7 5.3 5.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,284 10,612 10,664 10,285 10,569 10,555 10,731 10,628 10,688

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 61.9 62.2 60.4 61.8 61.7 62.7 62.0 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,426 9,998 10,032 9,514 9,984 10,022 10,102 10,030 10,119

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 58.4 58.5 55.9 58.4 58.6 59.0 58.6 59.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 614 632 771 585 533 629 598 569

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 5.8 5.9 7.5 5.5 5.0 5.9 5.6 5.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 822 901 734 749 686 762 719 722

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 33.2 36.3 30.8 30.3 27.7 30.8 29.0 29.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758 655 698 637 577 581 622 603 576

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 26.4 28.1 26.7 23.3 23.5 25.1 24.3 23.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 167 203 98 172 104 140 116 146

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 20.3 22.6 13.3 22.9 15.2 18.3 16.1 20.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,514 16,910 16,920 16,514 16,803 16,826 16,815 16,910 16,920

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,703 10,954 11,050 10,652 10,761 10,837 10,912 10,894 10,980

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 64.8 65.3 64.5 64.0 64.4 64.9 64.4 64.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,118 10,602 10,731 10,100 10,460 10,504 10,651 10,565 10,693

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 62.7 63.4 61.2 62.3 62.4 63.3 62.5 63.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 352 319 552 300 333 261 330 287

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.2 2.9 5.2 2.8 3.1 2.4 3.0 2.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,811 5,956 5,870 5,863 6,042 5,989 5,903 6,016 5,940

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 44,927 46,119 46,200 44,927 45,888 45,963 46,039 46,119 46,200

Civilian labor force................................ 29,607 30,793 30,455 29,488 30,475 30,376 30,610 30,670 30,363

Participation rate............................... 65.9 66.8 65.9 65.6 66.4 66.1 66.5 66.5 65.7

Employed....................................... 27,652 29,443 29,191 27,593 29,209 29,121 29,279 29,364 29,170

Employment-population ratio............... 61.5 63.8 63.2 61.4 63.7 63.4 63.6 63.7 63.1

Unemployed.................................... 1,955 1,350 1,265 1,895 1,265 1,255 1,331 1,306 1,193

Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 4.4 4.2 6.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.9

Not in labor force................................. 15,320 15,326 15,745 15,439 15,414 15,587 15,429 15,449 15,837

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,209 16,739 16,450 16,190 16,619 16,604 16,717 16,743 16,452

Participation rate............................... 79.8 80.1 78.6 79.7 79.9 79.7 80.1 80.1 78.6

Employed....................................... 15,316 16,202 15,911 15,241 15,979 15,989 16,152 16,170 15,870

Employment-population ratio............... 75.4 77.5 76.0 75.1 76.8 76.8 77.4 77.4 75.8

Unemployed.................................... 893 537 540 949 640 615 566 573 581

Unemployment rate......................... 5.5 3.2 3.3 5.9 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,939 12,499 12,433 12,017 12,477 12,331 12,466 12,486 12,515

Participation rate............................... 58.0 59.6 59.2 58.4 59.8 59.0 59.6 59.6 59.6

Employed....................................... 11,087 11,919 11,992 11,210 11,950 11,857 11,876 11,926 12,113

Employment-population ratio............... 53.9 56.9 57.1 54.5 57.3 56.8 56.8 56.9 57.7

Unemployed.................................... 851 579 441 807 527 474 591 560 402

Unemployment rate......................... 7.1 4.6 3.5 6.7 4.2 3.8 4.7 4.5 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,459 1,555 1,572 1,281 1,379 1,441 1,427 1,441 1,397

Participation rate............................... 36.0 36.5 36.8 31.6 32.5 34.0 33.5 33.8 32.7

Employed....................................... 1,248 1,321 1,288 1,141 1,280 1,275 1,252 1,268 1,187

Employment-population ratio............... 30.8 31.0 30.1 28.2 30.2 30.1 29.4 29.7 27.8

Unemployed.................................... 211 234 284 139 98 165 175 173 210

Unemployment rate......................... 14.5 15.0 18.1 10.9 7.1 11.5 12.2 12.0 15.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,046 9,389 8,739 9,252 9,097 9,207 9,194 9,210 8,924

Participation rate.................................. 45.7 45.6 45.3 46.7 45.6 44.4 44.0 44.7 46.2

Employed.......................................... 8,214 8,917 8,248 8,380 8,627 8,713 8,719 8,680 8,398

Employment-population ratio................. 41.5 43.3 42.7 42.3 43.2 42.0 41.8 42.2 43.5

Unemployed....................................... 832 472 491 872 470 494 475 530 526

Unemployment rate............................ 9.2 5.0 5.6 9.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.8 5.9

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 34,895 35,612 35,154 35,026 36,847 36,464 36,118 35,985 35,386

Participation rate.................................. 55.2 56.3 55.8 55.4 56.8 56.8 56.8 56.8 56.1

Employed.......................................... 32,721 34,366 33,890 32,855 35,368 35,064 34,760 34,679 34,113

Employment-population ratio................. 51.7 54.3 53.8 51.9 54.5 54.6 54.7 54.8 54.1

Unemployed....................................... 2,175 1,247 1,264 2,171 1,479 1,401 1,358 1,305 1,273

Unemployment rate............................ 6.2 3.5 3.6 6.2 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,827 35,757 35,489 35,865 35,555 35,540 35,787 35,707 35,575

Participation rate.................................. 62.9 62.7 62.4 62.9 63.4 63.4 63.5 62.6 62.6

Employed.......................................... 33,955 34,639 34,416 34,124 34,480 34,445 34,565 34,585 34,563

Employment-population ratio................. 59.6 60.7 60.5 59.9 61.5 61.4 61.3 60.6 60.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,872 1,118 1,072 1,741 1,075 1,095 1,222 1,122 1,012

Unemployment rate............................ 5.2 3.1 3.0 4.9 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 60,526 61,540 62,997 60,997 61,597 61,705 62,295 62,098 63,380

Participation rate.................................. 71.9 72.4 72.5 72.5 72.8 72.9 73.3 73.1 73.0

Employed.......................................... 58,438 60,166 61,521 59,092 60,386 60,459 61,078 60,800 62,094

Employment-population ratio................. 69.4 70.8 70.8 70.2 71.4 71.5 71.9 71.6 71.5

Unemployed....................................... 2,089 1,374 1,476 1,906 1,211 1,247 1,217 1,297 1,286

Unemployment rate............................ 3.5 2.2 2.3 3.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,793 18,358 16,778 16,330 2,015 2,028

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,991 8,686 7,886 7,482 1,105 1,204

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.8 47.3 47.0 45.8 54.8 59.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,635 8,449 7,562 7,295 1,073 1,153

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 46.0 45.1 44.7 53.2 56.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 237 324 187 32 50

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.7 4.1 2.5 2.9 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,802 9,672 8,892 8,848 910 824

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,816 4,944 3,979 4,100 836 844

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,792 3,972 3,219 3,319 573 653

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 80.3 80.9 80.9 68.5 77.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637 3,839 3,080 3,220 557 619

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 77.6 77.4 78.5 66.6 73.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 133 138 99 16 35

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.4 4.3 3.0 2.9 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,024 972 761 782 263 191

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,175 3,200 2,672 2,673 504 527

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329 2,242 2,014 1,928 315 314

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 70.1 75.4 72.2 62.5 59.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,255 2,209 1,950 1,896 305 313

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.0 69.0 73.0 70.9 60.6 59.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 33 65 33 10 1

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.5 3.2 1.7 3.0 0.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 957 657 744 189 213

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,674 6,226 6,415 5,978 259 248

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054 826 999 775 54 51

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 13.3 15.6 13.0 20.9 20.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992 795 938 750 54 45

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 12.8 14.6 12.6 20.9 18.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 31 62 24 0 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.7 6.2 3.1 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,620 5,400 5,416 5,203 205 197

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,128 3,988 3,712 3,579 416 409

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,817 1,646 1,654 1,460 163 185

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.0 41.3 44.6 40.8 39.3 45.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,752 1,606 1,595 1,429 157 177

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 40.3 43.0 39.9 37.8 43.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 40 59 32 6 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 2.4 3.6 2.2 3.9 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,311 2,342 2,058 2,119 253 224

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,219 236,695 105,435 107,787 128,784 128,908

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,066 153,737 77,486 79,198 73,580 74,540

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 65.0 73.5 73.5 57.1 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,554 148,061 73,184 76,417 69,370 71,644

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 62.6 69.4 70.9 53.9 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,512 5,676 4,303 2,781 4,210 2,896

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 3.7 5.6 3.5 5.7 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,153 82,957 27,949 28,589 55,204 54,368

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 31,650 32,619 229,819 231,392

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,743 7,371 156,074 157,951

Participation rate..................................................................... 21.3 22.6 67.9 68.3

Employed............................................................................. 5,925 6,796 147,671 152,271

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.7 20.8 64.3 65.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 819 575 8,403 5,680

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.1 7.8 5.4 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,907 25,249 73,745 73,442

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,928 3,115 77,987 78,935

Participation rate..................................................................... 37.5 38.2 83.5 83.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,587 2,871 73,816 76,277

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.1 35.2 79.1 80.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 342 244 4,171 2,658

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.7 7.8 5.3 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,890 5,044 15,388 15,676

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,692 2,982 68,907 69,570

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.0 36.4 71.8 72.3

Employed............................................................................. 2,325 2,747 65,107 66,838

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.5 33.5 67.9 69.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 367 234 3,799 2,732

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.6 7.9 5.5 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,461 5,208 27,023 26,705

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,123 1,274 9,180 9,445

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.2 7.8 22.7 23.3

Employed............................................................................. 1,013 1,178 8,748 9,156

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.5 7.2 21.6 22.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 110 96 433 290

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.8 7.6 4.7 3.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,555 14,997 31,335 31,061

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,818 44,856 20,769 22,016 22,049 22,840

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,712 29,644 15,885 17,131 11,827 12,513

Participation rate.................................................. 64.7 66.1 76.5 77.8 53.6 54.8

Employed.......................................................... 26,216 28,683 15,053 16,579 11,163 12,104

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.2 63.9 72.5 75.3 50.6 53.0

Unemployed....................................................... 1,496 961 831 552 665 409

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.4 3.2 5.2 3.2 5.6 3.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,106 15,212 4,884 4,885 10,222 10,327

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,651 219,155 105,730 106,620 112,921 112,535

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,105 135,677 70,839 70,920 64,266 64,757

Participation rate.................................................. 61.8 61.9 67.0 66.5 56.9 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 127,380 130,384 66,865 68,374 60,515 62,010

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.3 59.5 63.2 64.1 53.6 55.1

Unemployed....................................................... 7,725 5,293 3,974 2,547 3,751 2,747

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.7 3.9 5.6 3.6 5.8 4.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 83,546 83,478 34,891 35,699 48,655 47,779

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,401 2,385 2,562 2,289 2,378 2,349 2,355 2,308 2,429

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,636 1,553 1,724 1,560 1,571 1,505 1,553 1,520 1,621

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 740 787 785 708 758 800 776 747 752

Unpaid family workers........................... 24 45 53 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 151,195 156,293 156,505 150,498 155,871 155,729 156,183 156,114 156,002

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 141,412 146,848 147,354 140,699 146,955 146,638 146,455 146,346 146,627

Government..................................... 19,923 20,265 20,462 20,760 21,296 20,948 20,885 20,601 21,272

Private industries............................... 121,489 126,582 126,892 119,966 125,204 125,371 125,619 125,767 125,421

Private households.......................... 679 616 729 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 120,810 125,966 126,163 119,326 124,505 124,658 124,955 125,210 124,799

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,716 9,392 9,108 9,555 9,260 9,086 9,291 9,255 8,971

Unpaid family workers........................... 67 53 43 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,605 3,838 4,084 4,450 4,170 4,033 4,328 3,621 3,924

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,997 2,426 2,726 2,972 2,880 2,647 2,996 2,366 2,697

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,149 906 938 1,099 1,055 1,071 999 914 910

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,660 19,885 19,792 20,051 20,870 20,826 20,806 20,602 21,103

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,526 3,813 4,067 4,356 4,149 3,996 4,235 3,694 3,888

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,953 2,415 2,715 2,919 2,842 2,617 2,927 2,345 2,676

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,127 901 933 1,084 1,049 1,064 988 912 909

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,310 19,474 19,367 19,691 20,498 20,435 20,438 20,180 20,675

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,596 158,678 159,067 152,704 158,458 158,105 158,426 158,111 158,290

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,403 6,356 6,557 5,264 5,660 5,601 5,571 5,558 5,415

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,407 2,395 2,557 1,927 2,310 2,316 2,194 2,114 2,076

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,996 3,961 4,000 3,339 3,392 3,307 3,396 3,443 3,343

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,193 152,322 152,510 147,440 152,798 152,504 152,855 152,554 152,875

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,865 14,235 14,435 13,373 13,774 13,673 13,768 13,852 13,902

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,327 138,087 138,075 134,212 139,055 138,737 139,047 138,603 138,969

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,586 101,200 101,049 98,221 101,769 101,605 101,734 101,495 101,686

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,421 35,345 35,190 34,640 35,367 35,472 35,569 35,437 35,436

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,740 34,399 34,422 32,929 34,695 34,612 34,675 34,508 34,616

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,426 31,457 31,436 30,651 31,707 31,522 31,490 31,550 31,634

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,741 36,887 37,027 35,991 37,287 37,132 37,313 37,108 37,283

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,918 84,690 84,953 80,749 84,465 84,089 84,218 84,061 83,891

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,220 3,257 3,343 2,614 2,911 2,754 2,795 2,819 2,726

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,172 1,238 1,241 913 1,137 1,097 1,054 1,046 988

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,047 2,019 2,102 1,697 1,804 1,662 1,748 1,769 1,742

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,698 81,432 81,610 78,135 81,554 81,334 81,422 81,242 81,164

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,074 7,317 7,390 6,730 6,975 6,958 7,009 7,081 7,022

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,624 74,115 74,221 71,524 74,613 74,340 74,406 74,052 74,151

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,327 54,238 54,256 52,256 54,331 54,259 54,258 54,161 54,190

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,507 18,826 18,715 18,499 18,782 18,851 18,830 18,842 18,740

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,750 18,531 18,685 17,707 18,696 18,605 18,628 18,492 18,631

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,069 16,880 16,855 16,051 16,852 16,803 16,800 16,828 16,819

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,297 19,877 19,965 19,268 20,282 20,081 20,147 19,890 19,961

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,678 73,988 74,114 71,956 73,992 74,017 74,208 74,050 74,399

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,183 3,098 3,214 2,650 2,748 2,847 2,776 2,739 2,689

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,235 1,156 1,316 1,014 1,173 1,219 1,140 1,067 1,088

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949 1,942 1,897 1,642 1,589 1,645 1,648 1,674 1,601

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,494 70,890 70,900 69,306 71,244 71,170 71,432 71,311 71,710

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,791 6,918 7,046 6,643 6,799 6,715 6,759 6,771 6,880

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,703 63,972 63,854 62,688 64,442 64,397 64,641 64,551 64,818

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,259 46,963 46,793 45,964 47,438 47,346 47,475 47,334 47,496

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,913 16,518 16,475 16,142 16,584 16,621 16,739 16,595 16,696

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,990 15,868 15,737 15,222 15,999 16,007 16,047 16,016 15,986

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,356 14,577 14,581 14,600 14,855 14,718 14,690 14,722 14,814

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,444 17,009 17,061 16,723 17,004 17,051 17,165 17,218 17,322

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,622 45,191 45,240 43,841 45,325 45,259 45,306 45,222 45,449

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,394 36,099 36,203 35,179 36,043 35,999 36,356 36,526 36,954

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,520 10,010 9,852 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,863 133,626 133,844 127,473 132,718 132,067 132,800 132,648 132,577

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,732 25,052 25,223 25,310 25,902 26,091 25,766 25,440 25,824

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,013 7,432 7,572 7,084 7,370 7,539 7,302 7,541 7,633

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,144 6,659 6,643 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,456 10,179 9,893 10,263 10,018 9,886 10,067 10,002 9,723

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 8,671 5,912 5,670 5.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 633 685 700 10.7 10.0 10.2 10.4 11.0 11.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 249 265 237 11.5 8.6 8.8 10.2 11.2 10.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 364 391 459 9.8 10.9 11.8 10.4 10.2 12.1

20 years and over................................ 8,037 5,227 4,970 5.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,317 1,015 943 9.0 7.5 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.4

25 years and over.............................. 6,690 4,250 4,021 4.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 5,016 3,186 3,041 4.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 2,187 1,263 1,279 5.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.4 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 1,602 1,146 976 4.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.7

45 to 54 years............................. 1,227 777 786 3.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4

55 years and over........................... 1,631 1,043 948 4.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,757 3,152 3,046 5.6 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 347 355 353 11.7 10.0 10.6 10.3 11.2 11.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 128 132 94 12.3 8.7 9.8 8.8 11.2 8.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 202 192 256 10.6 10.7 12.1 11.4 9.8 12.8

20 years and over................................ 4,410 2,797 2,692 5.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 760 583 551 10.2 8.5 8.1 7.0 7.6 7.3

25 years and over.............................. 3,621 2,206 2,130 4.8 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,745 1,623 1,620 5.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 1,198 683 649 6.1 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.3

35 to 44 years............................. 859 552 547 4.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 687 388 424 4.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5

55 years and over........................... 876 583 510 4.4 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,914 2,760 2,625 5.2 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 286 330 347 9.8 10.0 9.8 10.4 10.8 11.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 121 133 143 10.7 8.5 7.8 11.4 11.1 11.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 162 199 204 9.0 11.2 11.5 9.4 10.6 11.3

20 years and over................................ 3,628 2,430 2,278 5.0 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 557 433 393 7.7 6.4 5.7 6.4 6.0 5.4

25 years and over.............................. 3,069 2,045 1,891 4.7 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,272 1,563 1,421 4.7 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 989 581 630 5.8 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 743 594 429 4.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.6 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 540 388 362 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4

55 years and over........................... 731 476 417 4.2 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,503 927 822 3.3 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,195 847 806 3.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.1

Women who maintain families2.................... 886 477 482 8.5 4.8 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 7,336 4,873 4,555 5.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,351 1,032 1,131 5.1 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.2

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 5,135 2,601 2,776 4,907 2,831 2,839 2,736 2,645 2,547

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,455 815 1,037 1,212 787 853 810 827 791

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,680 1,786 1,739 3,695 2,044 1,987 1,927 1,818 1,756

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,927 1,278 1,185 2,905 1,392 1,386 1,386 1,273 1,166

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 753 508 554 789 652 601 541 545 589

Job leavers........................................... 967 812 880 927 787 793 764 832 842

Reentrants............................................ 2,447 2,200 1,938 2,289 1,985 1,882 1,943 1,990 1,826

New entrants......................................... 672 721 661 468 463 515 535 464 460

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 55.7 41.1 44.4 57.1 46.7 47.1 45.8 44.6 44.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 15.8 12.9 16.6 14.1 13.0 14.1 13.5 13.9 13.9

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 39.9 28.2 27.8 43.0 33.7 33.0 32.2 30.7 30.9

Job leavers........................................... 10.5 12.8 14.1 10.8 13.0 13.1 12.8 14.0 14.8

Reentrants............................................ 26.5 34.7 31.0 26.6 32.7 31.2 32.5 33.6 32.2

New entrants......................................... 7.3 11.4 10.6 5.4 7.6 8.5 8.9 7.8 8.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3.2 1.6 1.7 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,534 2,964 2,373 2,246 2,289 2,227 2,066 2,262 2,080

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,165 1,386 2,179 1,794 1,684 1,617 1,767 1,552 1,772

15 weeks and over.................................. 4,522 1,985 1,703 4,615 1,999 2,033 2,017 2,089 1,785

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,019 699 557 1,203 571 551 661 753 718

27 weeks and over............................... 3,503 1,286 1,145 3,411 1,428 1,483 1,356 1,336 1,067

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 28.3 20.8 21.0 29.4 24.2 25.0 22.5 22.3 22.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 13.9 5.8 7.5 14.4 7.5 7.5 9.6 8.5 8.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 27.5 46.8 37.9 26.0 38.3 37.9 35.3 38.3 36.9

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 23.5 21.9 34.8 20.7 28.2 27.5 30.2 26.3 31.4

15 weeks and over.................................. 49.0 31.3 27.2 53.3 33.5 34.6 34.5 35.4 31.7

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 11.1 11.0 8.9 13.9 9.6 9.4 11.3 12.8 12.7

27 weeks and over............................... 38.0 20.3 18.3 39.4 23.9 25.2 23.2 22.6 18.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 153,596 159,067 9,221 6,255 5.7 3.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 64,179 67,874 2,203 1,650 3.3 2.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 28,000 29,786 753 466 2.6 1.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,180 38,088 1,450 1,184 3.9 3.0

Service occupations................................................ 25,695 25,812 2,053 1,192 7.4 4.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 29,527 30,466 1,748 1,186 5.6 3.7

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,378 14,213 916 605 6.0 4.1

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,149 16,253 832 581 5.2 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,549 14,430 957 498 6.2 3.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,129 1,178 116 56 9.3 4.6

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,312 8,388 660 349 7.4 4.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,107 4,864 180 93 3.4 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 19,646 20,484 1,559 1,058 7.4 4.9

Production occupations.......................................... 8,254 8,464 490 326 5.6 3.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,392 12,021 1,070 732 8.6 5.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 9,221 6,255 5.7 3.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 7,019 4,475 5.5 3.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 68 6 8.9 0.8

Construction.......................................................................... 592 359 6.1 3.5

Manufacturing........................................................................ 613 491 4.2 3.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 355 276 3.8 2.9

Nondurable goods................................................................ 259 215 4.8 3.7

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,216 804 6.0 4.1

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 543 310 6.8 3.7

Information............................................................................ 146 62 5.6 2.4

Financial activities................................................................... 295 162 3.0 1.6

Professional and business services............................................... 910 628 5.1 3.3

Education and health services..................................................... 1,067 785 4.4 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,250 677 9.0 4.8

Other services........................................................................ 319 194 4.9 2.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 131 82 7.6 4.7

Government workers................................................................... 853 802 4.1 3.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 546 234 4.9 2.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

June

2022

July

2022

July

2021

Mar.

2022

Apr.

2022

May

2022

June

2022

July

2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.8 1.2 1.0 2.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 3.2 1.6 1.7 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.7 3.8 3.8 5.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.0 4.1 4.1 5.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.8 4.7 4.7 6.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.6 7.0 7.2 9.2 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.7 6.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

July

2021

July

2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 98,653 98,690 39,776 40,584 58,877 58,106

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,818 6,224 3,178 2,856 3,639 3,368

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,923 1,614 1,040 814 883 800

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 539 472 339 292 200 181

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,383 1,142 701 523 683 619

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,013 7,572 3,481 3,863 3,532 3,709

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.6 4.8 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.0

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,904 4,312 2,093 2,376 1,811 1,936

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,631 1,747 558 657 1,073 1,090

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 401 433 248 304 153 129

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,023 995 550 483 473 513

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Change

from:

June2022

-

July2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,452 151,728 152,634 152,249 146,387 151,610 152,008 152,536 528

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,471 129,273 130,577 131,105 124,311 129,379 129,783 130,254 471

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,599 21,065 21,358 21,457 20,314 21,047 21,098 21,167 69

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 616 632 642 569 620 628 635 7

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 41.7 45.0 46.1 46.5 44.1 44.8 44.9 0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529.1 574.2 587.4 596.3 522.6 576.2 583.3 590.5 7.2

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.4 137.8 141.0 142.9 117.2 138.4 140.0 142.2 2.2

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.9 180.1 182.8 184.3 175.1 179.1 180.1 180.7 0.6

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 37.6 38.0 38.4 36.0 37.7 38.3 38.7 0.4

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.9 43.4 43.9 43.6 41.4 43.4 43.1 42.9 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.4 99.1 100.9 102.3 97.6 98.0 98.7 99.1 0.4

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.8 256.3 263.6 269.1 230.3 258.7 263.2 267.6 4.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,605 7,707 7,855 7,928 7,395 7,658 7,674 7,706 32

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,686.8 1,709.9 1,738.9 1,755.9 1,646.1 1,710.6 1,707.9 1,715.7 7.8

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882.1 904.1 913.9 921.8 861.2 902.0 898.8 901.7 2.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.7 805.8 825.0 834.1 784.9 808.6 809.1 814.0 4.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,081.4 1,099.5 1,119.6 1,128.4 1,034.2 1,073.3 1,078.2 1,081.3 3.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,836.6 4,897.4 4,996.3 5,043.9 4,714.4 4,874.1 4,887.8 4,909.3 21.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,237.7 2,272.1 2,304.4 2,324.7 2,186.9 2,257.2 2,256.0 2,267.2 11.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,598.9 2,625.3 2,691.9 2,719.2 2,527.5 2,616.9 2,631.8 2,642.1 10.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,417 12,742 12,871 12,887 12,350 12,769 12,796 12,826 30

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,705 7,919 7,990 7,982 7,680 7,927 7,935 7,956 21

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.6 431.3 432.8 431.9 411.9 432.9 431.6 431.8 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408.8 415.5 419.8 420.5 402.3 411.1 411.8 412.8 1.0

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.5 359.5 361.3 362.8 353.6 360.6 360.9 363.0 2.1

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,393.4 1,435.2 1,444.2 1,448.1 1,382.5 1,436.0 1,435.4 1,439.6 4.2

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062.4 1,090.0 1,102.2 1,104.6 1,055.9 1,091.3 1,092.9 1,096.3 3.4

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,062.2 1,078.1 1,089.2 1,092.2 1,058.4 1,080.4 1,082.4 1,085.7 3.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 157.9 160.3 162.8 164.2 158.0 160.9 162.1 163.2 1.1

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 84.2 85.8 86.0 85.8 84.6 85.1 85.4 0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.2 379.2 385.5 389.8 368.3 380.4 382.6 386.1 3.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.5 423.5 422.6 420.1 415.9 423.1 420.6 419.2 -1.4

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 30.9 32.5 32.1 30.4 31.4 31.9 31.8 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 400.4 408.1 413.6 415.7 397.5 409.3 410.1 411.6 1.5

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617.9 1,680.2 1,698.8 1,674.4 1,632.2 1,682.8 1,687.1 1,689.3 2.2

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933.7 988.4 998.2 973.9 946.2 988.9 989.5 987.3 -2.2

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.4 385.8 386.4 386.2 374.6 386.3 385.2 384.6 -0.6

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.0 635.7 641.7 645.6 611.0 636.0 637.7 641.4 3.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,712 4,823 4,881 4,905 4,670 4,842 4,861 4,870 9

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,657.7 1,678.9 1,702.3 1,718.3 1,634.7 1,696.6 1,700.1 1,701.9 1.8

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.9 100.6 101.5 100.4 98.4 100.4 100.7 100.1 -0.6

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.0 105.7 105.0 104.3 103.6 105.6 105.0 104.7 -0.3

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 95.0 96.4 97.6 91.6 95.0 96.0 97.1 1.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.2 360.0 361.6 359.1 345.7 360.0 360.5 359.3 -1.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 365.9 375.9 377.1 379.7 365.4 376.7 376.2 378.2 2.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.3 108.9 109.6 110.6 104.4 107.9 107.8 108.1 0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875.7 893.8 904.6 909.9 870.4 895.5 900.0 903.7 3.7

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724.3 749.7 755.4 754.5 724.8 751.3 756.3 757.5 1.2

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.4 354.0 367.9 370.8 330.6 353.0 358.8 359.0 0.2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,872 108,208 109,219 109,648 103,997 108,332 108,685 109,087 402

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,645 28,438 28,641 28,618 27,735 28,655 28,705 28,759 54

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,721.8 5,864.4 5,899.0 5,907.1 5,693.8 5,856.0 5,861.7 5,872.2 10.5

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,142.0 3,229.0 3,248.5 3,254.4 3,125.8 3,225.6 3,228.7 3,236.7 8.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,095.5 2,137.9 2,150.7 2,151.0 2,082.4 2,132.2 2,133.4 2,135.1 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Change

from:

June2022

-

July2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.3 497.5 499.8 501.7 485.6 498.2 499.6 500.4 0.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,414.3 15,641.7 15,774.9 15,783.9 15,398.1 15,761.6 15,783.7 15,805.3 21.6

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957.4 1,973.1 1,985.3 1,988.6 1,942.9 1,967.5 1,971.5 1,974.2 2.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,228.5 1,237.0 1,240.3 1,238.6 1,224.1 1,235.7 1,235.9 1,234.6 -1.3

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.2 174.4 179.8 181.6 169.8 169.2 170.6 172.4 1.8

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 550.7 561.7 565.2 568.4 549.0 562.6 565.0 567.2 2.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 439.3 435.4 432.9 430.3 442.9 439.3 437.6 436.9 -0.7

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 411.2 424.7 425.4 424.7 422.7 434.5 437.7 438.0 0.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,431.6 1,430.1 1,460.1 1,426.9 1,393.5 1,381.3 1,393.8 1,395.6 1.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,135.1 3,148.1 3,182.7 3,202.6 3,127.1 3,167.9 3,172.2 3,180.8 8.6

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019.6 1,049.5 1,050.3 1,050.2 1,024.8 1,057.8 1,057.3 1,059.4 2.1

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957.9 967.9 980.4 985.6 943.1 971.2 971.1 972.4 1.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,050.5 1,053.3 1,077.8 1,078.6 1,037.0 1,080.8 1,079.5 1,074.3 -5.2

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526.4 526.8 530.2 533.3 532.6 541.2 541.4 543.3 1.9

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,021.5 3,145.5 3,141.4 3,151.0 3,080.1 3,224.4 3,220.2 3,228.0 7.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.4 927.5 931.6 935.2 940.5 967.4 965.6 965.5 -0.1

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,114.1 2,218.0 2,209.8 2,215.8 2,139.6 2,256.9 2,254.5 2,262.4 7.9

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831.6 854.1 868.1 866.8 813.8 847.3 849.7 850.2 0.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632.2 633.2 640.3 645.3 637.6 648.4 651.7 652.2 0.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,963.4 6,393.6 6,423.3 6,381.0 6,101.4 6,497.7 6,518.7 6,539.6 20.9

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.5 550.1 561.1 567.9 476.3 549.4 556.6 563.6 7.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.2 146.4 146.8 146.4 147.3 146.5 146.6 146.6 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 59.8 62.7 66.4 56.6 59.7 61.0 62.8 1.8

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,530.7 1,576.1 1,598.3 1,606.9 1,522.0 1,584.6 1,591.5 1,595.0 3.5

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.3 415.3 393.1 348.5 388.3 400.8 403.0 407.5 4.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.6 49.8 50.2 49.9 49.7 49.7 49.9 0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 29.1 30.7 34.8 36.7 22.5 27.8 28.9 29.9 1.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 720.6 771.8 771.7 779.1 721.6 777.5 774.9 780.9 6.0

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,001.9 1,032.6 1,045.5 1,030.1 1,064.7 1,114.0 1,111.6 1,110.1 -1.5

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,619.0 1,761.2 1,759.5 1,748.8 1,652.2 1,787.7 1,794.9 1,793.3 -1.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.4 538.6 544.0 546.1 541.6 539.8 541.2 541.6 0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,859 2,975 3,028 3,047 2,841 2,983 3,007 3,020 13

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 796.3 819.4 839.9 844.2 793.1 822.6 832.7 836.1 3.4

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.8 437.3 444.8 453.3 380.1 437.7 440.6 442.0 1.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.4 233.3 235.5 231.1 234.8 233.5 235.1 233.8 -1.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666.6 660.4 664.7 661.8 665.6 662.2 663.5 662.1 -1.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.1 415.3 420.9 425.6 386.8 415.4 418.5 422.6 4.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.5 409.7 422.0 430.5 380.6 411.6 416.8 423.6 6.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,836 8,921 8,994 9,031 8,772 8,946 8,952 8,965 13

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,529.9 6,570.0 6,605.2 6,631.5 6,511.0 6,590.2 6,594.3 6,606.0 11.7

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 21.3 20.7 21.0 21.4 20.9 20.8 21.0 21.1 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,712.7 2,711.0 2,710.1 2,710.9 2,704.2 2,714.3 2,703.7 2,703.0 -0.7

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,745.4 1,728.8 1,738.0 1,745.7 1,737.0 1,729.6 1,731.6 1,735.9 4.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362.0 1,334.8 1,341.0 1,348.3 1,354.6 1,335.3 1,335.6 1,340.1 4.5

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 633.0 644.3 635.8 632.8 634.5 646.5 636.7 634.1 -2.6

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 334.3 337.9 336.3 332.4 332.6 338.2 335.5 333.0 -2.5

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 1,000.7 1,018.4 1,033.7 1,050.2 991.5 1,024.7 1,030.6 1,036.7 6.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,795.2 2,819.9 2,840.4 2,849.0 2,794.4 2,830.4 2,839.0 2,845.2 6.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,305.6 2,350.5 2,388.8 2,399.8 2,261.2 2,356.0 2,357.3 2,358.7 1.4

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,774.9 1,795.0 1,819.0 1,826.4 1,751.2 1,802.2 1,805.6 1,805.6 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Change

from:

June2022

-

July2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.9 534.9 548.9 552.5 489.6 533.1 531.1 532.5 1.4

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.8 20.6 20.9 20.9 20.4 20.7 20.6 20.6 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,316 22,156 22,310 22,426 21,226 22,199 22,290 22,379 89

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,927.7 10,333.6 10,437.5 10,534.0 9,904.1 10,402.6 10,455.3 10,502.6 47.3

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,160.5 1,177.4 1,196.4 1,197.8 1,154.0 1,182.3 1,185.6 1,188.7 3.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,012.7 1,070.6 1,069.9 1,066.4 1,057.9 1,102.6 1,108.5 1,107.0 -1.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,568.9 1,615.6 1,647.0 1,669.2 1,546.2 1,622.4 1,631.2 1,643.7 12.5

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.5 153.0 154.7 156.0 143.5 153.0 154.3 155.9 1.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,324.7 2,422.1 2,424.5 2,443.6 2,306.3 2,425.4 2,433.0 2,432.9 -0.1

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,637.0 1,736.0 1,746.5 1,769.3 1,634.2 1,745.6 1,755.3 1,767.1 11.8

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837.6 870.3 893.4 908.9 827.2 876.5 885.7 895.3 9.6

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 446.7 477.6 484.7 489.4 445.3 478.2 482.7 486.5 3.8

Other professional and technical services. . . 796.1 811.0 820.4 833.4 789.5 816.7 819.0 825.7 6.7

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,344.9 2,364.3 2,397.1 2,412.2 2,331.7 2,372.8 2,384.2 2,397.6 13.4

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,043.2 9,458.1 9,475.4 9,479.7 8,989.8 9,423.7 9,450.2 9,479.1 28.9

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,583.9 8,989.5 8,997.3 8,996.3 8,534.3 8,952.8 8,975.4 9,001.8 26.4

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 548.2 586.8 596.2 604.8 547.0 585.5 593.4 600.4 7.0

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.2 151.0 152.4 154.6 153.6 152.3 153.6 154.6 1.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,465.4 3,824.8 3,776.7 3,745.8 3,519.3 3,854.0 3,856.6 3,870.3 13.7

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,810.0 3,115.5 3,066.9 3,028.6 2,858.1 3,135.8 3,140.1 3,149.9 9.8

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792.3 780.6 772.4 765.6 809.7 792.6 790.3 784.4 -5.9

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.5 153.9 157.5 156.3 137.9 152.5 153.5 153.2 -0.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 906.3 919.4 921.1 925.8 911.1 918.1 921.1 924.8 3.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,275.9 2,251.5 2,298.4 2,319.1 2,152.7 2,177.3 2,186.9 2,191.3 4.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.1 321.5 322.6 324.3 303.0 320.5 320.0 322.7 2.7

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459.3 468.6 478.1 483.4 455.5 470.9 474.8 477.3 2.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,434 24,265 24,159 24,199 23,699 24,264 24,373 24,495 122

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,340.8 3,801.4 3,591.3 3,539.9 3,597.9 3,785.8 3,806.4 3,830.9 24.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,092.8 20,463.3 20,567.3 20,659.1 20,101.3 20,478.6 20,567.0 20,663.6 96.6

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,051.4 16,241.2 16,337.4 16,434.3 16,032.0 16,278.4 16,342.5 16,412.1 69.6

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,888.6 8,114.8 8,146.9 8,205.2 7,885.6 8,122.5 8,157.4 8,204.7 47.3

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,741.6 2,813.8 2,820.9 2,840.4 2,743.1 2,815.0 2,824.0 2,836.8 12.8

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999.4 1,022.7 1,032.9 1,046.6 998.0 1,026.3 1,032.9 1,042.5 9.6

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,018.9 1,076.9 1,077.7 1,095.5 1,012.1 1,076.6 1,080.3 1,096.3 16.0

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998.2 1,015.8 1,019.7 1,027.7 999.0 1,017.4 1,021.5 1,027.2 5.7

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 304.7 313.1 313.6 312.1 308.1 313.2 313.9 314.0 0.1

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,511.5 1,554.9 1,564.9 1,566.6 1,512.5 1,556.8 1,567.8 1,571.2 3.4

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.3 317.6 317.2 316.3 312.7 317.3 317.1 316.7 -0.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,131.4 5,143.5 5,178.7 5,197.4 5,125.8 5,160.8 5,180.0 5,192.9 12.9

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,031.4 2,982.9 3,011.8 3,031.7 3,020.6 2,995.1 3,005.1 3,014.5 9.4

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,377.1 1,341.0 1,356.8 1,367.0 1,373.7 1,352.6 1,357.4 1,361.1 3.7

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 604.7 602.0 605.5 608.2 602.3 601.8 603.4 605.0 1.6

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896.1 885.3 891.9 898.8 892.5 885.4 887.9 892.2 4.3

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 153.5 154.6 157.6 157.7 152.1 155.2 156.4 156.1 -0.3

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,041.4 4,222.1 4,229.9 4,224.8 4,069.3 4,200.2 4,224.5 4,251.5 27.0

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,723.4 2,785.0 2,798.5 2,819.4 2,717.3 2,778.9 2,792.8 2,811.6 18.8

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 191.4 200.4 201.1 201.0 191.2 201.1 201.0 201.5 0.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 277.0 275.0 277.3 278.3 273.3 274.7 273.6 272.5 -1.1

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849.6 961.7 953.0 926.1 887.5 945.6 957.1 965.9 8.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,212 15,761 16,325 16,541 14,251 15,599 15,673 15,769 96

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,332.5 2,331.3 2,567.1 2,651.6 2,007.9 2,282.4 2,306.7 2,328.3 21.6

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 396.8 514.2 523.3 526.9 383.4 497.1 505.3 513.2 7.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Change

from:

June2022

-

July2022p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.6 157.8 169.5 173.7 140.6 156.3 157.0 158.0 1.0

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,779.1 1,659.3 1,874.3 1,951.0 1,483.9 1,629.0 1,644.4 1,657.1 12.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,879.8 13,429.6 13,757.4 13,889.4 12,243.5 13,316.3 13,366.4 13,440.3 73.9

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,668.9 1,715.9 1,833.0 1,882.0 1,492.4 1,711.6 1,714.5 1,714.3 -0.2

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,210.9 11,713.7 11,924.4 12,007.4 10,751.1 11,604.7 11,651.9 11,726.0 74.1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,570 5,692 5,762 5,786 5,473 5,686 5,685 5,700 15

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364.5 1,425.8 1,436.2 1,433.2 1,348.6 1,420.2 1,422.0 1,422.1 0.1

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,384.8 1,452.9 1,467.9 1,480.1 1,366.9 1,449.2 1,455.3 1,466.2 10.9

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,820.3 2,812.8 2,857.7 2,872.7 2,757.5 2,817.0 2,807.8 2,811.9 4.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,981 22,455 22,057 21,144 22,076 22,231 22,225 22,282 57

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,901 2,865 2,860 2,886 2,887 2,868 2,859 2,869 10

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,298.5 2,266.6 2,265.6 2,281.3 2,280.7 2,265.0 2,256.7 2,264.6 7.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.3 598.4 594.7 604.4 606.7 603.1 601.9 604.1 2.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,904 5,245 4,992 4,936 5,241 5,258 5,250 5,260 10

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,219.0 2,612.3 2,345.2 2,283.6 2,569.9 2,625.1 2,619.1 2,622.4 3.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,685.2 2,632.9 2,646.9 2,652.2 2,671.5 2,632.9 2,631.2 2,637.8 6.6

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,176 14,345 14,205 13,322 13,948 14,105 14,116 14,153 37

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,643.3 7,977.9 7,649.2 6,701.8 7,645.3 7,734.5 7,738.4 7,765.8 27.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,532.9 6,366.8 6,555.9 6,620.2 6,302.9 6,370.4 6,377.1 6,387.0 9.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.8 34.6 34.6 34.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.0 40.0 39.9 40.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.1 45.9 46.0 46.4

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 39.0 38.7 38.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.5 40.4 40.4 40.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.8

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 39.8 39.7 39.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.8 33.5 33.5 33.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.0 34.0 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.3 39.0 39.0 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 30.1 30.1 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.2 38.4 38.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.9 42.9 42.2

Information......................................................................... 37.0 36.7 36.9 36.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.5 37.5 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.7 36.5 36.7 36.7

Education and health services.................................................. 33.4 33.5 33.4 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.4 25.8 25.8 25.7

Other services..................................................................... 32.3 32.2 32.2 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Total private............................................... $30.67 $31.98 $32.12 $32.27 $1,067.32 $1,106.51 $1,111.35 $1,116.54

Goods-producing....................................... 31.08 32.30 32.38 32.49 1,243.20 1,292.00 1,291.96 1,299.60

Mining and logging.................................. 35.06 35.81 36.12 36.36 1,581.21 1,643.68 1,661.52 1,687.10

Construction.......................................... 32.94 34.52 34.67 34.75 1,278.07 1,346.28 1,341.73 1,348.30

Manufacturing........................................ 29.80 30.83 30.85 30.96 1,206.90 1,245.53 1,246.34 1,250.78

Durable goods.................................... 31.29 32.45 32.45 32.50 1,270.37 1,320.72 1,323.96 1,326.00

Nondurable goods................................ 27.33 28.10 28.17 28.37 1,098.67 1,118.38 1,118.35 1,123.45

Private service-providing.............................. 30.58 31.90 32.05 32.22 1,033.60 1,068.65 1,073.68 1,079.37

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 26.41 27.55 27.60 27.67 911.15 936.70 938.40 946.31

Wholesale trade.................................. 33.77 34.76 34.98 35.01 1,327.16 1,355.64 1,364.22 1,368.89

Retail trade........................................ 21.95 22.84 22.89 23.01 676.06 687.48 688.99 697.20

Transportation and warehousing............... 26.57 28.10 27.96 28.04 1,028.26 1,073.42 1,073.66 1,076.74

Utilities............................................. 44.86 47.23 47.43 47.46 1,915.52 2,026.17 2,034.75 2,002.81

Information........................................... 44.28 45.75 46.24 46.24 1,638.36 1,679.03 1,706.26 1,706.26

Financial activities................................... 40.22 41.12 41.47 41.83 1,512.27 1,542.00 1,555.13 1,564.44

Professional and business services.............. 36.71 38.60 38.64 38.87 1,347.26 1,408.90 1,418.09 1,426.53

Education and health services..................... 30.09 31.53 31.73 31.91 1,005.01 1,056.26 1,059.78 1,062.60

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 18.60 19.93 20.10 20.22 491.04 514.19 518.58 519.65

Other services....................................... 27.71 28.17 28.40 28.60 895.03 907.07 914.48 920.92

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Percent

change

from:

June

2022 -

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Percent

change

from:

June

2022 -

July

2022p

Total private..................................... 108.6 112.4 112.7 113.1 0.4 159.2 171.8 173.1 174.6 0.9

Goods-producing............................. 92.6 95.9 95.9 96.5 0.6 130.0 140.0 140.4 141.7 0.9

Mining and logging........................ 80.6 89.4 90.8 92.6 2.0 113.5 128.6 131.6 135.2 2.7

Construction................................ 98.9 103.0 102.4 103.1 0.7 141.6 154.4 154.2 155.6 0.9

Manufacturing.............................. 90.0 92.8 93.0 93.2 0.2 124.7 133.1 133.4 134.2 0.6

Durable goods........................... 87.8 90.8 91.1 91.4 0.3 122.0 130.9 131.4 131.9 0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 93.7 96.2 96.3 96.3 0.0 129.9 137.2 137.7 138.6 0.7

Private service-providing.................... 113.2 116.8 117.2 117.7 0.4 168.2 181.2 182.6 184.3 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.4 106.3 106.5 107.3 0.8 148.7 157.9 158.5 160.1 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 98.7 100.7 100.8 101.3 0.5 139.4 146.5 147.5 148.3 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 96.3 96.3 96.5 97.2 0.7 139.7 145.4 145.9 147.9 1.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 135.7 142.6 143.8 144.3 0.3 183.4 203.9 204.6 205.8 0.6

Utilities.................................... 100.1 100.2 100.4 98.9 -1.5 148.3 156.3 157.4 155.1 -1.5

Information................................. 96.0 100.0 101.3 101.8 0.5 151.4 162.9 166.8 167.6 0.5

Financial activities......................... 108.1 109.9 110.0 109.9 -0.1 169.5 176.3 177.9 179.2 0.7

Professional and business services..... 122.1 127.0 128.3 128.8 0.4 181.6 198.6 200.7 202.7 1.0

Education and health services........... 129.2 132.7 132.9 133.2 0.2 187.1 201.3 202.9 204.5 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 107.3 114.8 115.4 115.6 0.2 161.1 184.6 187.1 188.6 0.8

Other services............................. 101.9 105.6 105.5 105.8 0.3 154.8 163.0 164.3 165.9 1.0

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,987 75,503 75,789 76,116 49.9 49.8 49.9 49.9

Total private............................................ 60,241 62,614 62,878 63,165 48.5 48.4 48.4 48.5

Goods-producing.................................... 4,612 4,845 4,864 4,886 22.7 23.0 23.1 23.1

Mining and logging............................... 74 81 82 83 13.0 13.1 13.1 13.1

Construction....................................... 1,010 1,071 1,078 1,085 13.7 14.0 14.0 14.1

Manufacturing..................................... 3,528 3,693 3,704 3,718 28.6 28.9 28.9 29.0

Durable goods.................................. 1,872 1,960 1,968 1,977 24.4 24.7 24.8 24.8

Nondurable goods............................. 1,656 1,733 1,736 1,741 35.5 35.8 35.7 35.7

Private service-providing........................... 55,629 57,769 58,014 58,279 53.5 53.3 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,960 11,368 11,406 11,439 39.5 39.7 39.7 39.8

Wholesale trade................................ 1,727.7 1,793.0 1,797.5 1,801.9 30.3 30.6 30.7 30.7

Retail trade..................................... 7,509.2 7,691.0 7,703.9 7,717.1 48.8 48.8 48.8 48.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,587.7 1,747.4 1,766.9 1,781.8 26.0 26.9 27.1 27.2

Utilities........................................... 135.2 136.4 137.3 138.0 25.0 25.3 25.4 25.5

Information......................................... 1,130 1,194 1,204 1,208 39.8 40.0 40.0 40.0

Financial activities................................ 4,936 4,992 4,996 5,005 56.3 55.8 55.8 55.8

Professional and business services............ 9,816 10,277 10,299 10,321 46.2 46.3 46.2 46.1

Education and health services.................. 18,318 18,649 18,770 18,894 77.3 76.9 77.0 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,566 8,267 8,320 8,374 53.1 53.0 53.1 53.1

Other services..................................... 2,903 3,022 3,019 3,038 53.0 53.1 53.1 53.3

Government............................................. 12,746 12,889 12,911 12,951 57.7 58.0 58.1 58.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Total private............................................................................... 101,314 105,388 105,713 106,106

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,458 15,086 15,123 15,164

Mining and logging.................................................................. 425 466 470 474

Construction.......................................................................... 5,449 5,664 5,675 5,701

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,584 8,956 8,978 8,989

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,253 5,481 5,490 5,496

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,331 3,475 3,488 3,493

Private service-providing.............................................................. 86,856 90,302 90,590 90,942

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,456 24,169 24,211 24,267

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,529.8 4,666.8 4,665.2 4,672.0

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,185.3 13,419.2 13,438.5 13,468.2

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,309.5 5,650.8 5,674.0 5,692.3

Utilities.............................................................................. 431.4 431.7 433.5 434.6

Information............................................................................ 2,258 2,376 2,400 2,414

Financial activities................................................................... 6,616 6,734 6,736 6,750

Professional and business services............................................... 17,077 17,774 17,835 17,914

Education and health services..................................................... 20,703 21,111 21,202 21,298

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,311 13,525 13,582 13,653

Other services........................................................................ 4,435 4,613 4,624 4,646

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.3 34.0 34.0 34.0

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.9 40.9 40.6 40.8

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.4 47.4 48.1 48.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.8 39.5 39.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.5 41.2 41.0 41.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.5 41.5 41.3 41.6

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.5 40.7 40.5 40.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 32.9 32.9 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.0 34.0 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 39.2 39.1 39.3

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 30.4 30.4 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 37.7 37.8 37.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.8 43.1 42.5

Information......................................................................... 36.7 36.4 36.3 36.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.2 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.2 36.3 36.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.2 24.6 24.6 24.5

Other services..................................................................... 31.4 31.2 31.2 31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.7

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Total private............................................... $25.96 $27.32 $27.46 $27.57 $890.43 $928.88 $933.64 $937.38

Goods-producing....................................... 26.58 27.84 27.93 28.02 1,087.12 1,138.66 1,133.96 1,143.22

Mining and logging.................................. 31.19 32.38 32.76 32.65 1,447.22 1,534.81 1,575.76 1,577.00

Construction.......................................... 30.61 32.14 32.24 32.35 1,209.10 1,279.17 1,273.48 1,281.06

Manufacturing........................................ 23.89 24.94 25.01 25.09 991.44 1,027.53 1,025.41 1,031.20

Durable goods.................................... 24.88 26.19 26.23 26.28 1,032.52 1,086.89 1,083.30 1,093.25

Nondurable goods................................ 22.32 22.95 23.05 23.17 926.28 934.07 933.53 933.75

Private service-providing.............................. 25.84 27.21 27.36 27.47 857.89 895.21 900.14 903.76

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.52 23.81 23.88 23.94 774.69 809.54 811.92 813.96

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.94 28.89 29.03 29.05 1,092.45 1,132.49 1,135.07 1,141.67

Retail trade........................................ 18.61 19.46 19.52 19.61 573.19 591.58 593.41 594.18

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.03 26.19 26.21 26.23 927.56 987.36 990.74 991.49

Utilities............................................. 39.95 42.12 42.16 42.26 1,701.87 1,802.74 1,817.10 1,796.05

Information........................................... 36.82 37.41 37.58 37.63 1,351.29 1,361.72 1,364.15 1,365.97

Financial activities................................... 30.39 32.05 32.28 32.54 1,136.59 1,192.26 1,207.27 1,217.00

Professional and business services.............. 30.65 32.33 32.54 32.66 1,112.60 1,170.35 1,181.20 1,188.82

Education and health services..................... 27.16 28.63 28.83 28.98 888.13 936.20 939.86 944.75

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.35 17.74 17.75 17.72 412.02 436.40 436.65 434.14

Other services....................................... 23.67 24.32 24.40 24.59 743.24 758.78 761.28 767.21

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Percent

change

from:

June

2022 -

July

2022p

July

2021

May

2022

June

2022p

July

2022p

Percent

change

from:

June

2022 -

July

2022p

Total private..................................... 115.8 119.4 119.8 120.2 0.3 200.9 218.0 219.8 221.5 0.8

Goods-producing............................. 90.4 94.3 93.8 94.5 0.7 147.1 160.7 160.5 162.2 1.1

Mining and logging........................ 104.8 117.4 120.1 121.7 1.3 190.1 221.0 228.9 231.0 0.9

Construction................................ 107.8 112.9 112.2 113.0 0.7 178.1 195.9 195.4 197.5 1.1

Manufacturing.............................. 81.8 84.7 84.5 84.8 0.4 127.8 138.2 138.2 139.2 0.7

Durable goods........................... 81.9 85.5 85.2 85.9 0.8 127.2 139.7 139.5 140.9 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 81.4 83.3 83.2 82.9 -0.4 128.5 135.1 135.6 135.8 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 122.9 126.6 127.0 127.5 0.4 217.8 236.2 238.3 240.2 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 112.8 114.9 115.1 115.4 0.3 181.6 195.5 196.4 197.4 0.5

Wholesale trade......................... 105.1 108.6 108.3 109.0 0.6 173.3 185.1 185.5 186.8 0.7

Retail trade.............................. 102.8 103.2 103.4 103.3 -0.1 163.9 172.1 172.9 173.5 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 155.1 161.2 162.3 162.8 0.3 237.2 268.8 270.8 271.9 0.4

Utilities.................................... 94.0 94.5 95.6 94.5 -1.2 156.7 166.1 168.1 166.6 -0.9

Information................................. 94.6 98.7 99.4 100.0 0.6 172.4 182.8 185.0 186.3 0.7

Financial activities......................... 116.5 117.9 118.6 118.8 0.2 217.7 232.5 235.5 237.9 1.0

Professional and business services..... 138.6 143.9 144.8 145.8 0.7 252.6 276.6 280.1 283.2 1.1

Education and health services........... 144.3 147.2 147.4 148.0 0.4 258.8 278.1 280.4 283.2 1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 113.6 121.9 122.4 122.5 0.1 211.0 245.5 246.7 246.6 0.0

Other services............................. 97.7 100.9 101.2 101.7 0.5 168.4 178.9 179.9 182.1 1.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.