For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, May 2, 2023 USDL-23-0868

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2023

The number of job openings decreased to 9.6 million on the last business day of March, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations were little 

changed at 6.1 million and 5.9 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.9 million) changed 

little, while layoffs and discharges (1.8 million) increased. This release includes estimates of the number 

and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the number of job openings decreased to 9.6 million

(-384,000) and was 1.6 million lower than in December. The job openings rate was 5.8 percent in March 

and was down by 1.0 percentage point since December. In March, job openings decreased in 

transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-144,000) but increased in educational services (+28,000).

(See table 1.)

Hires

In March, the number of hires was little changed at 6.1 million, and the rate held at 4.0 percent. Hires

decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-29,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.
- 2 -

The number of total separations changed little at 5.9 million in March, and the rate was 3.8 percent for 

the fourth month in a row. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in accommodation 

and food services (-107,000) but increased in construction (+104,000). (See table 3.)

In March, the number and rate of quits changed little at 3.9 million and 2.5 percent, respectively. The 

number of quits decreased in accommodation and food services (-178,000). (See table 4.)

In March, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges increased to 1.8 million (+248,000) and 1.2 

percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges increased in construction (+112,000), accommodation and 

food services (+63,000), and health care and social assistance (+42,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in March at 276,000. Other separations decreased

in finance and insurance (-31,000) and in real estate and rental and leasing (-7,000). (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In March, establishments with 1 to 9 employees saw a decrease in their job openings rate and an 

increase in their layoffs and discharges rate. Establishments with more than 5,000 employees saw little 

change in their job openings, hires, and total separations rates. (See table 7.)

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for April 2023 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, May 31, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 12,027 9,974 9,590 6,577 6,150 6,149 6,194 5,841 5,932

Total private....................................... 11,009 8,959 8,541 6,191 5,754 5,752 5,797 5,506 5,591

Mining and logging............................. 40 39 33 24 26 24 19 26 25

Construction.................................... 413 404 341 408 367 400 396 352 456

Manufacturing.................................. 905 707 693 512 416 393 462 409 415

Durable goods............................... 555 459 414 282 217 217 239 209 222

Nondurable goods........................... 350 248 279 230 199 177 223 199 192

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 2,156 1,671 1,442 1,302 1,263 1,198 1,262 1,267 1,224

Wholesale trade............................. 334 291 291 187 194 155 157 184 155

Retail trade................................... 1,336 801 717 813 728 694 807 745 728

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 486 579 435 302 341 349 297 339 341

Information...................................... 254 169 184 111 95 105 75 100 87

Financial activities.............................. 523 461 486 232 211 188 227 193 184

Finance and insurance..................... 386 331 345 158 118 124 161 117 115

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 137 130 141 74 93 64 66 76 69

Professional and business services......... 2,349 1,852 1,717 1,365 1,114 1,204 1,256 1,062 1,141

Education and health services............... 2,276 1,874 1,830 811 863 878 780 794 833

Educational services........................ 186 184 212 104 104 100 102 96 96

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 2,090 1,690 1,619 707 759 777 678 699 738

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,678 1,428 1,507 1,198 1,182 1,118 1,117 1,112 1,008

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 218 218 221 175 193 170 142 154 157

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,460 1,210 1,285 1,023 988 948 975 958 851

Other services.................................. 413 353 308 228 218 244 203 190 219

Government....................................... 1,019 1,015 1,049 386 396 397 397 335 341

Federal.......................................... 125 140 126 40 48 47 41 39 37

State and local................................. 894 876 922 346 348 350 356 295 304

State and local education.................. 309 331 327 176 174 171 192 145 152

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 585 545 595 170 173 179 164 151 152

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 7.4 6.0 5.8 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.8

Total private....................................... 7.8 6.3 6.0 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.2

Mining and logging............................. 6.4 5.8 4.9 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.1 4.1 3.9

Construction.................................... 5.1 4.9 4.1 5.3 4.7 5.1 5.2 4.5 5.8

Manufacturing.................................. 6.6 5.2 5.1 4.0 3.2 3.0 3.6 3.1 3.2

Durable goods............................... 6.6 5.4 4.9 3.6 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.6 2.7

Nondurable goods........................... 6.8 4.8 5.4 4.8 4.1 3.6 4.6 4.1 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 7.0 5.5 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.2

Wholesale trade............................. 5.3 4.6 4.6 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.6

Retail trade................................... 7.9 4.9 4.4 5.2 4.7 4.5 5.2 4.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 6.4 7.4 5.6 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.2 4.7 4.7

Information...................................... 7.8 5.2 5.6 3.7 3.1 3.4 2.5 3.2 2.8

Financial activities.............................. 5.5 4.8 5.1 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.0

Finance and insurance..................... 5.5 4.7 4.9 2.4 1.8 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 5.5 5.1 5.5 3.1 3.8 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.9

Professional and business services......... 9.5 7.5 7.0 6.1 4.9 5.2 5.6 4.6 5.0

Education and health services............... 8.6 7.0 6.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.3

Educational services........................ 4.7 4.5 5.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 9.3 7.4 7.1 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.5

Leisure and hospitality........................ 9.7 8.0 8.3 7.7 7.2 6.7 7.2 6.7 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 8.8 8.2 8.3 7.7 8.0 6.9 6.3 6.3 6.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 9.9 7.9 8.3 7.7 7.0 6.7 7.3 6.8 6.0

Other services.................................. 6.8 5.7 5.0 4.0 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.3 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Government....................................... 4.4 4.3 4.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5

Federal.......................................... 4.2 4.6 4.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3

State and local................................. 4.4 4.3 4.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.5

State and local education.................. 2.9 3.1 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 6.1 5.6 6.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 

industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 

North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists, and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work; and positions to be 

filled by employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 

dividing the number of job openings by the sum of 

employment and job openings—that is, all filled and 

unfilled jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability, and deaths.

Excluded from separations measures are transfers 

within the same location; employees on strike; and 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. 

The sampling frame is made up of 

establishments from two sources: the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the 

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The QCEW 

database contains establishments that cover 

approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in 

the United States. This database is a compilation of 

administrative data from state unemployment 

insurance (UI) programs and federal government 

establishments covered by the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) 

program. A frame of railroad establishments is 

provided by the FRA. This is added to the QCEW 

database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame.

The JOLTS estimation method involves the 

following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, 

item nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking 

and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and 

death model estimation, estimates review and outlier 

selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and 

variance estimates. Establishment size class levels are 

also produced. Detailed information about the 

estimation method can be found in the Handbook of 

Methods at 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through 

which the JOLTS weighted employment for each 

estimation cell is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells 

are benchmarked monthly to the current employment 

level from the BLS Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked

to ensure that JOLTS weighted employment is equal 

to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. In 

addition, many new establishments fail within the 

first year, referred to as a death. Because new and 

short-lived universe establishments cannot be 

reflected in the sampling frame immediately, the 

JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, 

and separations from these establishments during 

their early existence. BLS has developed a 

birth/death model that uses establishment birth and 

death activity from previous years as collected by the 

QCEW and projects forward to the present using 

over-the-year change in the CES. The birth/death 

model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate 

the amount of churn (meaning the rates of hires and 

separations) that exists in establishments of various 

sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 

with the projected employment change to estimate 

the number of hires and separations that take place in 

these establishments that cannot be measured through 

sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences between the two surveys, as well as 

sampling and nonsampling errors, historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.
Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the 

seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) 

is used to seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each 

month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment 

methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 

including the current month, to calculate new 

seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are 

used as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. 

JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive 

and multiplicative models, as well as regression with 

autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to 

improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 

beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The

JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the 

issuance of data for January. Five years of data are 

subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 

1) benchmarks based on CES employment estimates 

newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal 

adjustment factors, and 3) any needed special 

adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels for each data element by the

sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment 

levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error. 

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. Sampling error estimates are available 

at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Total............................................... 12,027 11,234 10,563 9,974 9,590 -384 7.4 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.8 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 11,009 10,126 9,536 8,959 8,541 -418 7.8 7.1 6.7 6.3 6.0 -0.3

Mining and logging......................... 40 39 36 39 33 -6 6.4 5.8 5.3 5.8 4.9 -0.9

Construction................................ 413 488 283 404 341 -63 5.1 5.8 3.5 4.9 4.1 -0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 905 797 732 707 693 -14 6.6 5.8 5.3 5.2 5.1 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 555 519 462 459 414 -45 6.6 6.0 5.4 5.4 4.9 -0.5

Nondurable goods....................... 350 278 270 248 279 31 6.8 5.4 5.2 4.8 5.4 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 2,156 1,763 1,837 1,671 1,442 -229 7.0 5.8 6.0 5.5 4.8 -0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 334 265 304 291 291 0 5.3 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.6 0.0

Retail trade............................... 1,336 964 901 801 717 -84 7.9 5.9 5.5 4.9 4.4 -0.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 486 534 633 579 435 -144 6.4 6.8 8.0 7.4 5.6 -1.8

Information.................................. 254 106 138 169 184 15 7.8 3.3 4.3 5.2 5.6 0.4

Financial activities......................... 523 610 451 461 486 25 5.5 6.3 4.7 4.8 5.1 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 386 445 337 331 345 14 5.5 6.2 4.8 4.7 4.9 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 137 165 114 130 141 11 5.5 6.4 4.5 5.1 5.5 0.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 2,349 2,087 2,101 1,852 1,717 -135 9.5 8.4 8.4 7.5 7.0 -0.5

Education and health services........... 2,276 2,080 2,012 1,874 1,830 -44 8.6 7.7 7.5 7.0 6.8 -0.2

Educational services.................... 186 181 178 184 212 28 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 5.1 0.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 2,090 1,899 1,834 1,690 1,619 -71 9.3 8.3 8.0 7.4 7.1 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,678 1,859 1,588 1,428 1,507 79 9.7 10.2 8.8 8.0 8.3 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 218 180 188 218 221 3 8.8 7.0 7.2 8.2 8.3 0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,460 1,679 1,400 1,210 1,285 75 9.9 10.8 9.1 7.9 8.3 0.4

Other services.............................. 413 297 359 353 308 -45 6.8 4.9 5.8 5.7 5.0 -0.7

Government................................... 1,019 1,109 1,027 1,015 1,049 34 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.4 0.1

Federal...................................... 125 156 169 140 126 -14 4.2 5.1 5.5 4.6 4.2 -0.4

State and local............................. 894 953 858 876 922 46 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.5 0.2

State and local education.............. 309 325 323 331 327 -4 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 585 628 535 545 595 50 6.1 6.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 0.5

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 2,024 1,746 1,679 1,617 1,596 -21 7.0 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.4 -0.1

South........................................... 4,838 4,415 4,312 4,141 4,076 -65 7.9 7.1 7.0 6.7 6.6 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 2,488 2,536 2,311 2,031 1,898 -133 7.1 7.1 6.5 5.8 5.4 -0.4

West............................................ 2,677 2,537 2,261 2,185 2,019 -166 7.0 6.5 5.8 5.6 5.2 -0.4

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,577 6,251 6,327 6,150 6,149 -1 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,191 5,809 5,917 5,754 5,752 -2 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 24 22 26 26 24 -2 4.0 3.5 4.1 4.1 3.7 -0.4

Construction................................ 408 380 387 367 400 33 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.7 5.1 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 512 405 420 416 393 -23 4.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 282 234 219 217 217 0 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 230 171 201 199 177 -22 4.8 3.5 4.1 4.1 3.6 -0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,302 1,289 1,335 1,263 1,198 -65 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 187 175 179 194 155 -39 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.6 -0.6

Retail trade............................... 813 753 798 728 694 -34 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 302 361 358 341 349 8 4.2 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.8 0.1

Information.................................. 111 97 85 95 105 10 3.7 3.1 2.7 3.1 3.4 0.3

Financial activities......................... 232 213 214 211 188 -23 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Finance and insurance................. 158 132 124 118 124 6 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 74 82 90 93 64 -29 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.8 2.6 -1.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,365 1,155 1,158 1,114 1,204 90 6.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2 0.3

Education and health services........... 811 904 902 863 878 15 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 0.1

Educational services.................... 104 98 99 104 100 -4 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 707 806 803 759 777 18 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,198 1,107 1,182 1,182 1,118 -64 7.7 6.8 7.2 7.2 6.7 -0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 175 161 161 193 170 -23 7.7 6.7 6.7 8.0 6.9 -1.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,023 947 1,021 988 948 -40 7.7 6.8 7.3 7.0 6.7 -0.3

Other services.............................. 228 237 210 218 244 26 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.7 4.2 0.5

Government................................... 386 442 410 396 397 1 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.0

Federal...................................... 40 45 40 48 47 -1 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local............................. 346 397 370 348 350 2 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 0.0

State and local education.............. 176 175 198 174 171 -3 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 170 222 172 173 179 6 1.9 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 978 923 927 915 1,020 105 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 0.4

South........................................... 2,764 2,628 2,576 2,577 2,515 -62 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 1,342 1,361 1,319 1,292 1,248 -44 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 -0.1

West............................................ 1,493 1,338 1,505 1,366 1,367 1 4.2 3.7 4.1 3.7 3.7 0.0

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Total............................................... 6,194 5,906 5,900 5,841 5,932 91 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,797 5,502 5,557 5,506 5,591 85 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 0.1

Mining and logging......................... 19 20 22 26 25 -1 3.1 3.2 3.5 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Construction................................ 396 335 356 352 456 104 5.2 4.3 4.5 4.5 5.8 1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 462 384 406 409 415 6 3.6 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 239 206 217 209 222 13 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7 0.1

Nondurable goods....................... 223 178 189 199 192 -7 4.6 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,262 1,277 1,300 1,267 1,224 -43 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 157 165 167 184 155 -29 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.6 -0.4

Retail trade............................... 807 765 768 745 728 -17 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 297 347 365 339 341 2 4.2 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.7 0.0

Information.................................. 75 99 104 100 87 -13 2.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.8 -0.4

Financial activities......................... 227 198 208 193 184 -9 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Finance and insurance................. 161 129 124 117 115 -2 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 66 69 84 76 69 -7 2.8 2.9 3.5 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,256 1,125 1,129 1,062 1,141 79 5.6 4.9 4.9 4.6 5.0 0.4

Education and health services........... 780 825 768 794 833 39 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 0.1

Educational services.................... 102 89 75 96 96 0 2.7 2.3 1.9 2.4 2.4 0.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 678 736 693 699 738 39 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,117 1,010 1,061 1,112 1,008 -104 7.2 6.2 6.5 6.7 6.1 -0.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 142 130 141 154 157 3 6.3 5.4 5.9 6.3 6.4 0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 975 880 920 958 851 -107 7.3 6.3 6.6 6.8 6.0 -0.8

Other services.............................. 203 228 202 190 219 29 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.7 0.4

Government................................... 397 404 343 335 341 6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0

Federal...................................... 41 45 35 39 37 -2 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.0

State and local............................. 356 359 309 295 304 9 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 0.0

State and local education.............. 192 166 158 145 152 7 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 164 193 151 151 152 1 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 880 880 889 799 870 71 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.1 0.2

South........................................... 2,690 2,400 2,507 2,548 2,473 -75 4.8 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Midwest........................................ 1,162 1,247 1,187 1,157 1,199 42 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 0.1

West............................................ 1,461 1,379 1,318 1,336 1,390 54 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.8 0.2

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Total............................................... 4,452 4,091 3,878 3,980 3,851 -129 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,201 3,858 3,681 3,785 3,639 -146 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Mining and logging......................... 13 14 15 18 15 -3 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.9 2.3 -0.6

Construction................................ 260 153 179 153 152 -1 3.4 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.9 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 339 263 267 277 274 -3 2.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.0

Durable goods........................... 175 137 144 142 142 0 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 164 125 123 134 132 -2 3.4 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 951 916 921 885 878 -7 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 106 96 101 114 100 -14 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.6 -0.3

Retail trade............................... 641 598 592 561 560 -1 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 204 222 228 210 218 8 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 0.1

Information.................................. 50 46 41 43 45 2 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 0.1

Financial activities......................... 163 134 143 107 124 17 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 117 88 97 57 75 18 1.8 1.3 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 46 46 46 51 49 -2 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 797 719 546 649 666 17 3.6 3.1 2.4 2.8 2.9 0.1

Education and health services........... 594 629 607 614 615 1 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 -0.1

Educational services.................... 66 55 40 58 61 3 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.6 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 527 574 567 556 554 -2 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 895 806 825 915 730 -185 5.7 4.9 5.0 5.5 4.4 -1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 77 77 79 76 69 -7 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 818 729 746 839 661 -178 6.1 5.2 5.3 6.0 4.7 -1.3

Other services.............................. 140 177 136 124 140 16 2.5 3.1 2.3 2.1 2.4 0.3

Government................................... 251 233 198 195 212 17 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

Federal...................................... 22 21 17 20 17 -3 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1

State and local............................. 228 213 180 175 195 20 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

State and local education.............. 128 103 95 88 97 9 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 100 110 85 87 98 11 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 579 539 501 503 525 22 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 0.1

South........................................... 1,928 1,748 1,680 1,857 1,712 -145 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Midwest........................................ 831 835 779 747 785 38 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 0.1

West............................................ 1,113 969 919 873 829 -44 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 -0.1

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Total............................................... 1,395 1,475 1,719 1,557 1,805 248 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,313 1,378 1,630 1,475 1,732 257 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 4 5 5 7 9 2 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.4 0.3

Construction................................ 122 166 161 182 294 112 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.3 3.7 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 100 99 114 113 121 8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

Durable goods........................... 50 54 57 53 65 12 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 51 44 57 61 56 -5 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 252 304 323 326 287 -39 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 35 59 61 54 47 -7 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Retail trade............................... 145 138 142 156 135 -21 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 72 107 120 116 105 -11 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 -0.2

Information.................................. 19 46 48 49 38 -11 0.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.2 -0.4

Financial activities......................... 41 38 54 38 50 12 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 22 19 22 20 31 11 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 19 18 32 18 19 1 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 389 338 529 382 431 49 1.7 1.5 2.3 1.7 1.9 0.2

Education and health services........... 137 149 132 144 182 38 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1

Educational services.................... 22 29 28 32 28 -4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 115 120 104 112 154 42 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 196 193 215 182 256 74 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.5 0.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 63 52 58 72 83 11 2.8 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.4 0.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 133 141 157 110 173 63 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.4

Other services.............................. 54 41 49 52 64 12 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.2

Government................................... 82 97 88 82 73 -9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

Federal...................................... 6 10 5 6 6 0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local............................. 76 87 84 76 67 -9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1

State and local education.............. 39 37 42 36 33 -3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 37 50 42 40 34 -6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 235 279 334 258 311 53 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.2

South........................................... 621 521 710 561 640 79 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.1

Midwest........................................ 266 356 350 347 380 33 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.1

West............................................ 274 319 324 391 474 83 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.2

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb.

2023 -

Mar.

2023p

Total............................................... 347 340 303 304 276 -28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 283 266 246 246 220 -26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging......................... 2 2 2 1 1 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Construction................................ 15 16 15 18 9 -9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 23 23 25 19 20 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 14 15 16 14 16 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nondurable goods....................... 9 8 9 4 4 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 59 57 56 57 59 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 17 10 5 16 8 -8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Retail trade............................... 21 29 34 29 33 4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 21 18 17 13 17 4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Information.................................. 6 7 15 8 4 -4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 23 26 11 48 10 -38 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.4

Finance and insurance................. 22 21 5 40 9 -31 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.1 -0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 1 5 5 8 1 -7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 70 68 54 31 44 13 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Education and health services........... 49 47 29 36 37 1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Educational services.................... 14 5 6 5 7 2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 36 42 23 31 30 -1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 26 11 21 15 21 6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 1 4 6 5 -1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 24 9 17 9 16 7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Other services.............................. 10 10 17 14 14 0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Government................................... 64 73 57 57 56 -1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Federal...................................... 12 14 12 14 14 0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.0

State and local............................. 52 59 45 44 42 -2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education.............. 25 26 20 21 22 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 26 33 25 23 21 -2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 66 62 53 37 34 -3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

South........................................... 141 131 117 130 121 -9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Midwest........................................ 66 55 58 63 34 -29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

West............................................ 74 91 75 73 87 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb. 2023 -

Mar. 2023p

Mar.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Change

from:

Feb. 2023 -

Mar. 2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private.......................... 11,009 10,126 9,536 8,959 8,541 -418 7.8 7.1 6.7 6.3 6.0 -0.3

1 to 9 employees.................. 1,751 1,818 1,906 1,654 1,421 -233 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.2 5.7 -1.5

10 to 49 employees............... 3,093 3,188 2,934 2,918 2,744 -174 7.7 7.0 6.4 6.1 6.0 -0.1

50 to 249 employees............. 3,363 2,953 2,653 2,436 2,422 -14 7.8 7.4 6.6 6.2 6.2 0.0

250 to 999 employees............ 1,769 1,235 1,102 1,038 1,037 -1 8.5 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.6 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 733 634 647 625 611 -14 7.9 6.6 7.0 7.0 7.2 0.2

5,000 or more employees........ 299 298 294 289 305 16 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.5 6.2 -0.3

HIRES

Total private.......................... 6,191 5,809 5,917 5,754 5,752 -2 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3 0.0

1 to 9 employees.................. 794 800 885 874 1,094 220 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.6 0.5

10 to 49 employees............... 1,834 1,912 1,923 1,978 1,901 -77 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 0.0

50 to 249 employees............. 2,157 1,858 1,880 1,743 1,638 -105 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.4 -0.3

250 to 999 employees............ 949 804 831 766 743 -23 5.0 4.5 4.8 4.5 4.3 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 376 362 327 321 305 -16 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 0.0

5,000 or more employees........ 80 73 72 72 72 0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 -0.1

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................... 5,797 5,502 5,557 5,506 5,591 85 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 0.1

1 to 9 employees.................. 711 826 705 714 854 140 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 0.2

10 to 49 employees............... 1,726 1,923 1,966 2,008 1,903 -105 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 0.0

50 to 249 employees............. 2,045 1,594 1,753 1,654 1,760 106 5.1 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.8 0.3

250 to 999 employees............ 922 723 731 730 676 -54 4.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 3.9 -0.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees. . . . . .. 326 375 342 334 334 0 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 0.1

5,000 or more employees........ 67 61 59 66 65 -1 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 -0.2

QUITS

Total private........................ 4,201 3,858 3,681 3,785 3,639 -146 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 -0.1

1 to 9 employees............... 571 566 394 478 448 -30 2.7 2.6 1.8 2.2 1.9 -0.3

10 to 49 employees............ 1,316 1,403 1,395 1,412 1,273 -139 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 -0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 1,456 1,142 1,194 1,178 1,212 34 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 604 458 452 468 455 -13 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.6 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 211 248 207 208 210 2 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.7 0.2

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 44 41 39 41 41 0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private........................ 1,313 1,378 1,630 1,475 1,732 257 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.2

1 to 9 employees............... 83 206 259 156 341 185 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.7

10 to 49 employees............ 329 440 507 525 565 40 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.1

50 to 249 employees........... 527 382 507 429 494 65 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.1

250 to 999 employees......... 264 235 229 246 209 -37 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 97 103 115 104 109 5 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 14 12 12 16 16 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.1

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private........................ 283 266 246 246 220 -26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees............... 57 54 52 81 66 -15 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 -0.1

10 to 49 employees............ 81 80 64 71 66 -5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees........... 62 70 53 47 54 7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

250 to 999 employees......... 54 30 50 17 12 -5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees..... 19 24 20 23 15 -8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

5,000 or more employees. . . .. 9 8 8 8 8 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 11,979 9,617 9,356 7.4 5.9 5.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 10,944 8,641 8,294 7.9 6.2 5.9

Mining and logging............................................... 43 38 34 6.8 5.7 5.1

Construction....................................................... 447 384 355 5.7 4.8 4.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 914 657 695 6.7 4.8 5.1

Durable goods.................................................. 579 422 422 6.8 5.0 5.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 336 235 273 6.6 4.6 5.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 2,085 1,616 1,329 6.9 5.3 4.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 328 291 289 5.3 4.6 4.6

Retail trade..................................................... 1,264 746 604 7.6 4.6 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 493 579 436 6.5 7.4 5.7

Information........................................................ 255 174 187 7.8 5.4 5.7

Financial activities................................................ 482 417 440 5.1 4.4 4.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 358 304 317 5.1 4.4 4.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 124 113 123 5.1 4.5 4.9

Professional and business services............................ 2,373 1,791 1,666 9.7 7.3 6.8

Education and health services.................................. 2,238 1,815 1,766 8.5 6.7 6.5

Educational services.......................................... 176 177 210 4.3 4.2 4.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 2,062 1,639 1,557 9.2 7.2 6.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,704 1,398 1,532 10.1 8.1 8.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 241 254 266 10.4 10.4 10.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,464 1,144 1,266 10.1 7.7 8.4

Other services.................................................... 403 352 289 6.7 5.7 4.8

Government.......................................................... 1,035 975 1,062 4.4 4.1 4.4

Federal............................................................. 143 134 142 4.8 4.4 4.7

State and local.................................................... 892 842 920 4.4 4.1 4.4

State and local education..................................... 293 313 304 2.7 2.8 2.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 599 529 616 6.3 5.5 6.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,988 1,609 1,498 6.9 5.5 5.1

South................................................................. 4,803 3,950 4,004 7.9 6.5 6.5

Midwest............................................................... 2,535 1,930 1,893 7.3 5.5 5.4

West.................................................................. 2,653 2,128 1,962 6.9 5.5 5.1

1 The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 6,079 5,054 5,603 4.0 3.3 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,797 4,763 5,315 4.5 3.6 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 26 23 26 4.4 3.7 4.2

Construction....................................................... 406 310 407 5.4 4.1 5.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 487 373 375 3.8 2.9 2.9

Durable goods.................................................. 277 194 212 3.5 2.4 2.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 210 178 163 4.4 3.7 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,173 972 1,038 4.1 3.4 3.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 183 165 149 3.1 2.8 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 773 589 639 5.0 3.8 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 217 218 250 3.1 3.0 3.5

Information........................................................ 94 73 89 3.1 2.4 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 213 175 156 2.4 1.9 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 149 105 105 2.2 1.6 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 64 70 51 2.8 3.0 2.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,291 964 1,141 5.8 4.3 5.0

Education and health services.................................. 725 742 782 3.0 3.0 3.1

Educational services.......................................... 72 84 67 1.9 2.1 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 653 658 715 3.2 3.1 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,184 958 1,083 7.8 6.1 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 179 127 176 8.6 5.8 7.8

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,005 831 907 7.7 6.1 6.6

Other services.................................................... 199 173 219 3.5 3.0 3.8

Government.......................................................... 282 292 287 1.3 1.3 1.3

Federal............................................................. 34 38 41 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local.................................................... 248 253 246 1.3 1.3 1.2

State and local education..................................... 105 128 99 1.0 1.2 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 142 125 147 1.6 1.4 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 904 701 947 3.4 2.5 3.4

South................................................................. 2,598 2,182 2,332 4.6 3.8 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,252 1,044 1,144 3.9 3.2 3.5

West.................................................................. 1,323 1,128 1,179 3.7 3.1 3.2

1 The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 5,532 4,766 5,230 3.7 3.1 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,242 4,546 4,980 4.1 3.5 3.8

Mining and logging............................................... 17 27 23 2.9 4.3 3.6

Construction....................................................... 351 286 372 4.7 3.8 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 473 366 428 3.7 2.8 3.3

Durable goods.................................................. 248 189 232 3.1 2.3 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 225 178 196 4.7 3.7 4.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,107 1,025 1,034 3.9 3.6 3.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 154 167 147 2.6 2.8 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 679 597 579 4.4 3.9 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 274 261 308 3.9 3.6 4.3

Information........................................................ 67 84 73 2.2 2.7 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 195 166 158 2.2 1.8 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 143 108 103 2.2 1.6 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 52 58 55 2.2 2.4 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,182 949 1,081 5.3 4.2 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 682 651 724 2.8 2.6 2.9

Educational services.......................................... 61 64 59 1.6 1.6 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 621 588 666 3.1 2.8 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 974 847 874 6.4 5.4 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 84 80 90 4.0 3.6 4.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 889 768 783 6.8 5.6 5.7

Other services.................................................... 194 144 213 3.5 2.5 3.7

Government.......................................................... 290 220 250 1.3 1.0 1.1

Federal............................................................. 34 32 29 1.2 1.1 1.0

State and local.................................................... 255 188 222 1.3 0.9 1.1

State and local education..................................... 114 80 88 1.1 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 141 108 133 1.6 1.2 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 697 600 703 2.6 2.2 2.5

South................................................................. 2,539 2,151 2,317 4.5 3.8 4.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,011 933 1,022 3.1 2.8 3.1

West.................................................................. 1,286 1,082 1,188 3.6 3.0 3.3

1 The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 4,092 3,174 3,475 2.7 2.1 2.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,896 3,035 3,305 3.0 2.3 2.5

Mining and logging............................................... 12 17 14 2.1 2.7 2.2

Construction....................................................... 244 119 137 3.3 1.6 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 350 244 284 2.8 1.9 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 184 125 150 2.3 1.6 1.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 166 119 135 3.5 2.4 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 868 700 772 3.1 2.4 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 105 102 97 1.8 1.7 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 560 429 454 3.6 2.8 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 203 169 221 2.9 2.3 3.1

Information........................................................ 44 36 39 1.5 1.2 1.3

Financial activities................................................ 142 89 107 1.6 1.0 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 104 46 66 1.6 0.7 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 38 42 41 1.6 1.8 1.7

Professional and business services............................ 738 507 597 3.3 2.2 2.6

Education and health services.................................. 538 512 554 2.2 2.0 2.2

Educational services.......................................... 43 39 41 1.1 1.0 1.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 495 474 513 2.4 2.2 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 816 720 658 5.4 4.5 4.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 59 55 49 2.8 2.5 2.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 757 664 609 5.8 4.9 4.4

Other services.................................................... 144 92 144 2.6 1.6 2.5

Government.......................................................... 196 139 170 0.9 0.6 0.7

Federal............................................................. 21 17 15 0.7 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 175 122 155 0.9 0.6 0.8

State and local education..................................... 82 54 61 0.8 0.5 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 93 68 95 1.0 0.8 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 493 387 449 1.8 1.4 1.6

South................................................................. 1,846 1,510 1,602 3.3 2.6 2.8

Midwest............................................................... 748 595 697 2.3 1.8 2.1

West.................................................................. 1,004 682 728 2.8 1.9 2.0

1 The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 1,116 1,317 1,500 0.7 0.9 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,070 1,275 1,460 0.8 1.0 1.1

Mining and logging............................................... 3 9 8 0.5 1.4 1.2

Construction....................................................... 89 150 225 1.2 2.0 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 101 107 126 0.8 0.8 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 51 52 68 0.6 0.6 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 50 55 58 1.1 1.1 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 182 269 205 0.6 0.9 0.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 32 51 42 0.5 0.9 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 100 138 93 0.7 0.9 0.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 50 80 70 0.7 1.1 1.0

Information........................................................ 17 38 32 0.6 1.2 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 33 33 44 0.4 0.4 0.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 20 20 31 0.3 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 13 13 13 0.6 0.5 0.6

Professional and business services............................ 368 414 441 1.7 1.8 1.9

Education and health services.................................. 103 107 138 0.4 0.4 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 11 21 14 0.3 0.5 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 92 86 124 0.5 0.4 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 134 107 190 0.9 0.7 1.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 24 20 37 1.2 0.9 1.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 110 87 153 0.8 0.6 1.1

Other services.................................................... 40 40 53 0.7 0.7 0.9

Government.......................................................... 46 42 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 5 5 4 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local.................................................... 41 38 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 19 18 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 22 20 19 0.2 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 141 182 225 0.5 0.7 0.8

South................................................................. 567 506 612 1.0 0.9 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 200 288 291 0.6 0.9 0.9

West.................................................................. 208 340 372 0.6 0.9 1.0

1 The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Total..................................................................... 324 275 255 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 276 236 214 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Construction....................................................... 18 17 10 0.2 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 22 15 18 0.2 0.1 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 13 11 14 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 9 4 4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 58 56 57 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 17 14 8 0.3 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 19 30 32 0.1 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 22 12 18 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 6 9 3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Financial activities................................................ 20 44 7 0.2 0.5 0.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 19 42 6 0.3 0.6 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 0 3 0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Professional and business services............................ 76 28 43 0.3 0.1 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 42 32 32 0.2 0.1 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 7 4 4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 35 28 28 0.2 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 23 21 26 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 4 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 22 17 22 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services.................................................... 10 13 16 0.2 0.2 0.3

Government.......................................................... 48 39 41 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 9 10 10 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 39 29 31 0.2 0.1 0.2

State and local education..................................... 14 9 11 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 26 20 20 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 62 30 30 0.2 0.1 0.1

South................................................................. 125 136 103 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 63 50 33 0.2 0.2 0.1

West.................................................................. 74 59 88 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.
Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally

adjusted

Establishment size class

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023p

JOB OPENINGS

Total private............................................................ 10,944 8,641 8,294 7.9 6.2 5.9

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 1,696 1,565 1,362 7.6 6.9 5.5

10 to 49 employees................................................. 2,953 2,786 2,548 7.5 5.9 5.7

50 to 249 employees............................................... 3,399 2,278 2,383 7.9 5.9 6.1

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 1,830 1,023 1,066 8.8 5.7 5.8

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 758 685 618 8.2 7.8 7.4

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 308 303 317 7.0 6.9 6.5

HIRES

Total private............................................................ 5,797 4,763 5,315 4.5 3.6 4.0

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 680 688 976 3.3 3.3 4.2

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,691 1,587 1,728 4.6 3.6 4.1

50 to 249 employees............................................... 2,111 1,497 1,598 5.3 4.1 4.4

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 897 655 690 4.8 3.9 4.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 339 273 254 4.0 3.3 3.3

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 78 62 69 1.9 1.5 1.5

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private............................................................ 5,242 4,546 4,980 4.1 3.5 3.8

1 to 9 employees.................................................... 639 564 737 3.1 2.7 3.2

10 to 49 employees................................................. 1,471 1,655 1,575 4.0 3.7 3.7

50 to 249 employees............................................... 1,859 1,377 1,641 4.7 3.8 4.5

250 to 999 employees.............................................. 918 616 668 4.9 3.7 3.9

1,000 to 4,999 employees......................................... 294 282 298 3.5 3.5 3.8

5,000 or more employees.......................................... 61 52 61 1.5 1.3 1.3

QUITS

Total private.......................................................... 3,896 3,035 3,305 3.0 2.3 2.5

1 to 9 employees................................................. 525 353 393 2.5 1.7 1.7

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 1,162 1,129 1,087 3.2 2.5 2.6

50 to 249 employees............................................. 1,378 963 1,151 3.5 2.6 3.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 590 387 444 3.1 2.3 2.6

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 199 169 191 2.4 2.1 2.5

5,000 or more employees....................................... 41 34 40 1.0 0.8 0.9

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private.......................................................... 1,070 1,275 1,460 0.8 1.0 1.1

1 to 9 employees................................................. 62 145 281 0.3 0.7 1.2

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 228 448 420 0.6 1.0 1.0

50 to 249 employees............................................. 425 368 442 1.1 1.0 1.2

250 to 999 employees........................................... 265 213 211 1.4 1.3 1.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 79 88 94 0.9 1.1 1.2

5,000 or more employees....................................... 11 13 13 0.3 0.3 0.3

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private.......................................................... 276 236 214 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 9 employees................................................. 52 67 63 0.3 0.3 0.3

10 to 49 employees.............................................. 81 77 69 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 249 employees............................................. 56 46 48 0.1 0.1 0.1

250 to 999 employees........................................... 62 15 13 0.3 0.1 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees....................................... 16 25 13 0.2 0.3 0.2

5,000 or more employees....................................... 9 6 8 0.2 0.1 0.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.

NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits,

layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings

on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and

discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment

estimates.