For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, June 16, 2023 USDL-23-1306

Technical information: 

 Employment: (202) 691-6559 • sminfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/sae 

 Unemployment: (202) 691-6392 • lausinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lau

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT — MAY 2023

Unemployment rates were lower in May in 11 states and stable in 39 states and the District of Columbia, 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Seventeen states had jobless rate decreases from a 

year earlier, 8 states and the District had increases, and 25 states had little change. The national 

unemployment rate rose by 0.3 percentage point over the month to 3.7 percent but was little changed 

from May 2022.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states and was essentially unchanged in 45 states and the 

District of Columbia in May 2023. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 42 states 

and was essentially unchanged in 8 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force and 

unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. These data pertain to 

individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures 

nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by 

where the establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 

methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

Nebraska, New Hampshire, and South Dakota had the lowest jobless rates in May, 1.9 percent each. The 

next lowest rates were in North Dakota and Vermont, 2.1 percent each. The rates in Arkansas (2.7

percent), Maryland (2.4 percent), Mississippi (3.2 percent), Nebraska (1.9 percent), New Hampshire (1.9 

percent), Ohio (3.6 percent), and Pennsylvania (4.0 percent) set new series lows. (All state series begin 

in 1976.) Nevada had the highest unemployment rate, 5.4 percent. In total, 22 states had unemployment 

rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.7 percent, 3 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates, 

and 25 states had rates that were not appreciably different from that of the nation. (See tables A and 1 

and map 1.)

In May, 11 states had over-the-month unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which were in 

Massachusetts, Oregon, and Vermont (-0.3 percentage point each). Thirty-nine states and the District of 

Columbia had jobless rates that were not notably different from those of a month earlier, though some 

had changes that were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)
-2- 

Seventeen states had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which was in 

Massachusetts (-0.9 percentage point). Eight states and the District of Columbia had rate increases from 

May 2022, the largest of which were in California, Minnesota, and the District (+0.5 percentage point 

each). (See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment 

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 5 states and was essentially unchanged in 45 states and the 

District of Columbia in May 2023. The largest job gains occurred in Texas (+51,000), California 

(+47,300), and New York (+30,400). The largest percentage increase occurred in Utah (+0.5 percent), 

followed by Texas (+0.4 percent) and California, Michigan, and New York (+0.3 percent each). (See 

tables D and 3.) 

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 42 states and was essentially unchanged in 8 

states and the District of Columbia. The largest job increases occurred in Texas (+529,800), California 

(+427,500), and Florida (+346,600). The largest percentage increase occurred in Texas (+4.0 percent), 

followed by Florida and Nevada (+3.7 percent each). (See table E and map 2.) 

_____________ 

The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for May is scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, June 28, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 

Unemployment news release for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 21, 2023, at 10:00 

a.m. (ET). 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) Data Corrections

This news release contains corrections to errors in previously released employment data in table 3. A 

complete list of corrections in this news release and in the CES (State and Area) database can be found 

at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/sae_errata.htm. 
-3- 

State Rate p

United States 1 ................................................ 3.7

Alabama ........................................................... 2.2

Arkansas .......................................................... 2.7

California .......................................................... 4.5

Colorado ........................................................... 2.8

District of Columbia ........................................... 5.1

Florida .............................................................. 2.6

Idaho ................................................................ 2.6

Iowa ................................................................. 2.7

Kansas ............................................................. 2.9

Maine ............................................................... 2.4

Maryland ........................................................... 2.4

Massachusetts ................................................... 2.8

Minnesota ......................................................... 2.9

Missouri ............................................................ 2.5

Montana ............................................................ 2.3

Nebraska .......................................................... 1.9

Nevada ............................................................. 5.4

New Hampshire ................................................. 1.9

North Dakota ..................................................... 2.1

Oklahoma .......................................................... 2.8

South Dakota .................................................... 1.9

Texas ................................................................ 4.1

Utah ................................................................. 2.3

Vermont ............................................................ 2.1

Virginia ............................................................. 2.9

Wisconsin ......................................................... 2.4

1

 Data are not preliminary.

p

 = preliminary.

Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different from that

of the U.S., May 2023, seasonally adjusted
-4- 

Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from April 2023

to May 2023, seasonally adjusted

April 2023 May 2023 p

Arkansas .................................... 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Hawaii ........................................ 3.3 3.1 -.2

Illinois ......................................... 4.2 4.1 -.1

Massachusetts ............................. 3.1 2.8 -.3

New Hampshire ........................... 2.1 1.9 -.2

Oregon ....................................... 4.0 3.7 -.3

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.1 4.0 -.1

Vermont ...................................... 2.4 2.1 -.3

Virginia ....................................... 3.1 2.9 -.2

Washington ................................. 4.3 4.1 -.2

Wyoming .................................... 3.5 3.3 -.2

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-month 

change p
-5- 

Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes from May 2022

to May 2023, seasonally adjusted

May 2022 May 2023 p

Alabama ..................................... 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Arkansas .................................... 3.2 2.7 -.5

California .................................... 4.0 4.5 .5

Connecticut ................................. 4.1 3.7 -.4

District of Columbia ..................... 4.6 5.1 .5

Florida ........................................ 2.9 2.6 -.3

Georgia ...................................... 2.9 3.2 .3

Illinois ......................................... 4.4 4.1 -.3

Iowa ........................................... 2.4 2.7 .3

Kansas ....................................... 2.5 2.9 .4

Maryland ..................................... 3.1 2.4 -.7

Massachusetts ............................. 3.7 2.8 -.9

Michigan ..................................... 4.0 3.7 -.3

Minnesota ................................... 2.4 2.9 .5

Mississippi .................................. 3.7 3.2 -.5

Missouri ...................................... 2.1 2.5 .4

Montana ...................................... 2.6 2.3 -.3

New Hampshire ........................... 2.2 1.9 -.3

New Mexico ................................. 4.1 3.5 -.6

New York .................................... 4.1 3.9 -.2

Ohio ........................................... 3.9 3.6 -.3

Pennsylvania ............................... 4.3 4.0 -.3

Texas .......................................... 3.8 4.1 .3

Virginia ....................................... 2.5 2.9 .4

West Virginia .............................. 3.8 3.3 -.5

Wisconsin ................................... 2.9 2.4 -.5

p

 = preliminary.

State

Rate Over-the-year 

change p

Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from April 2023 to

May 2023, seasonally adjusted

April May

2023 2023 p Level Percent

California .................................... 18,040,900 18,088,200 47,300 0.3

Michigan ..................................... 4,425,600 4,440,100 14,500 .3

New York .................................... 9,665,800 9,696,200 30,400 .3

Texas .......................................... 13,867,700 13,918,700 51,000 .4

Utah ........................................... 1,720,300 1,728,800 8,500 .5

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-month change p
-6- 

Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from May 2022 to

May 2023, seasonally adjusted

May May

2022 2023 p Level Percent

Alabama ..................................... 2,105,000 2,149,000 44,000 2.1

Arizona ....................................... 3,094,700 3,151,500 56,800 1.8

Arkansas .................................... 1,326,400 1,362,700 36,300 2.7

California .................................... 17,660,700 18,088,200 427,500 2.4

Connecticut ................................. 1,666,600 1,691,500 24,900 1.5

Delaware .................................... 470,100 485,700 15,600 3.3

Florida ........................................ 9,379,500 9,726,100 346,600 3.7

Georgia ...................................... 4,790,400 4,908,500 118,100 2.5

Hawaii ........................................ 611,400 631,000 19,600 3.2

Idaho .......................................... 821,800 847,200 25,400 3.1

 

Illinois ......................................... 6,009,400 6,129,700 120,300 2.0

Indiana ....................................... 3,182,400 3,266,700 84,300 2.6

Iowa ........................................... 1,565,000 1,596,400 31,400 2.0

Kansas ....................................... 1,409,800 1,441,600 31,800 2.3

Kentucky .................................... 1,954,100 2,005,900 51,800 2.7

Louisiana .................................... 1,914,500 1,962,900 48,400 2.5

Maryland ..................................... 2,702,400 2,739,200 36,800 1.4

Massachusetts ............................. 3,660,600 3,765,700 105,100 2.9

Michigan ..................................... 4,358,000 4,440,100 82,100 1.9

Minnesota ................................... 2,927,700 2,986,700 59,000 2.0

 

Missouri ...................................... 2,922,100 2,977,700 55,600 1.9

Nebraska .................................... 1,020,400 1,039,800 19,400 1.9

Nevada ....................................... 1,485,600 1,540,900 55,300 3.7

New Hampshire ........................... 684,000 701,500 17,500 2.6

New Jersey ................................. 4,242,200 4,335,800 93,600 2.2

New Mexico ................................. 845,700 868,200 22,500 2.7

New York .................................... 9,477,500 9,696,200 218,700 2.3

North Carolina ............................. 4,786,500 4,901,500 115,000 2.4

North Dakota ............................... 425,500 434,600 9,100 2.1

Ohio ........................................... 5,529,200 5,614,600 85,400 1.5

 

Oklahoma .................................... 1,693,900 1,727,900 34,000 2.0

Oregon ....................................... 1,940,200 1,992,400 52,200 2.7

Pennsylvania ............................... 5,971,000 6,122,500 151,500 2.5

South Carolina ............................ 2,237,400 2,300,600 63,200 2.8

South Dakota .............................. 450,700 460,400 9,700 2.2

Tennessee .................................. 3,237,100 3,312,100 75,000 2.3

Texas .......................................... 13,388,900 13,918,700 529,800 4.0

Utah ........................................... 1,676,400 1,728,800 52,400 3.1

Virginia ....................................... 4,055,400 4,146,900 91,500 2.3

Washington ................................. 3,517,300 3,626,500 109,200 3.1

Wisconsin ................................... 2,954,300 2,995,500 41,200 1.4

Wyoming .................................... 282,700 289,700 7,000 2.5

p

 = preliminary.

State Over-the-year change p
Technical Note

This news release presents civilian labor force and 

unemployment data for states and selected substate areas from 

the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program 

(tables 1 and 2). Also presented are nonfarm payroll 

employment estimates by state and industry supersector from 

the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 

4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state 

cooperative endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment—from the 

LAUS program

 Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment 

data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those 

used for the official national estimates obtained from the 

Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of 

households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The LAUS program 

measures employed people and unemployed people on a place

of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian 

noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. 

Employed people are those who did any work at all for pay or 

profit in the reference week (typically the week including the 

12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in 

a family business or farm, plus those not working who had a job 

from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, 

for such reasons as bad weather, labor-management dispute, 

illness, or vacation.

 Unemployed people are those who were not employed during 

the reference week (based on the definition above), had actively 

looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week, and were currently available for work; people 

on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be 

counted as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of 

employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate is 

the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor 

force.

 Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District 

of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale 

metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of 

California and New York State are produced using time-series 

models. This method, which underwent substantial 

enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes data from 

several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state 

unemployment insurance (UI) programs. Estimates for the state 

of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los 

Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and the 

balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State 

are derived by summing the estimates for New York City and 

the balance of New York State. Estimates for the five additional 

substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria 

and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn metropolitan areas and the 

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach

Kendall, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) 

and their respective balances of state are produced using a 

similar model-based approach.

 Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are 

modeled using inputs from the CPS only and controlled to the

national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their 

respective census division totals. Substate and balance-of-state 

estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to 

their respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling 

model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called real-time 

benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a 

monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A more detailed 

description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS 

upon request

 Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment 

data for prior years reflect adjustments made after the end of 

each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population 

data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the other 

data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical 

data for the most recent five years are revised near the 

beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January 

estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time

series models in 2021, historical data were re-estimated back to 

the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994. 

 Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the 

estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend, 

seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals 

of employed and unemployed people first are adjusted using an 

X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then 

are smoothed using a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space 

(RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of 

employed and unemployed people are summed to derive the 

civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 

calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. 

The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted unemployment 

rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published 

on the BLS website.

 During estimation for the current year, the smoothedseasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are created 

using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from 

previous observations only. For annual revisions, historical data 

are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

 Area definitions. The substate area data published in this 

release reflect the delineations that were issued by the U.S. 

Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A 

detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment—from the CES program

 Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on 

establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted 

at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; 

those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each 

payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal 

activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North 

American Industry Classification System. 

 Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment 

data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where 
possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link 

relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month 

weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted 

employment is computed from a sample of establishments 

reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the 

current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by 

the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted link 

relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample 

size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment 

series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct 

sample estimates (described above) combined with other 

regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

 Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted 

annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, 

derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by 

employers who are covered under state unemployment 

insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to 

adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and 

the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for 

the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process 

establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to 

measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the 

subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions 

is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm. 

 Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are 

seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector level. 

In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total 

is computed by aggregating the independently adjusted 

supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted 

payroll employment total is independently adjusted. Revisions 

to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 

year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.

 Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted 

concurrently, using all available estimates including those for 

the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.

Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for 

the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous 

month’s final estimate. 

 Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation 

procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each 

individual state. BLS independently develops a national 

employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to 

national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative 

sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series. 

Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level errors 

and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due 

to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-ofstates" employment series and cautions users that such a series 

is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

 The estimates presented in this release are based on sample 

surveys, administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are 

subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is 

a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs 

by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, 

such as those which can be introduced into the data collection 

and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from 

sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from 

the specific estimation processes used.

 Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment 

rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are cited in the 

analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be 

statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level. 

Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month 

generally are cited only if they have been determined to be 

significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 90-percent 

confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error 

measures for unemployment rates and over-the-month and

over-the-year changes in rates are available at 

www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. The underlying standard error 

measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state 

payroll employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector 

levels are available at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. 

Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

 Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the 

LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll employment from 

the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan 

divisions are available in the news release Metropolitan Area 

Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor 

force, employed people, unemployed people, and 

unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas 

are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data 

from the CES program for states and metropolitan areas are 

available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of 

hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services. 
LABOR FORCE DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Number Percent of labor force

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,291,313 2,289,655 2,293,135 2,299,026 57,866 53,017 51,448 51,445 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357,262 357,727 358,060 358,231 14,039 13,244 13,076 12,959 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,608,904 3,659,108 3,662,506 3,671,470 131,973 129,439 125,705 125,442 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370,505 1,375,422 1,378,421 1,380,752 43,523 40,868 39,021 37,095 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,249,758 19,371,587 19,404,809 19,429,523 760,435 860,202 868,102 882,963 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,002,993 4,982,004 4,994,691 5,001,693 234,558 248,006 247,037 247,833 4.7 5.0 4.9 5.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,207,626 3,227,367 3,235,004 3,244,435 94,133 91,077 89,371 89,973 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,943,371 1,905,641 1,901,425 1,897,636 79,812 75,264 72,576 71,091 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497,820 496,628 497,798 499,734 21,496 22,048 21,471 21,161 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390,802 390,485 390,815 391,925 18,057 18,872 19,434 19,845 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,751,810 10,921,678 10,960,257 10,998,197 309,366 283,229 280,772 286,966 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,369,210 1,390,517 1,391,799 1,390,903 36,146 26,121 24,365 25,728 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,242,586 5,261,339 5,275,801 5,290,658 154,171 164,956 165,419 169,824 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676,621 678,403 678,870 678,809 22,739 23,539 22,490 21,379 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.1

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950,622 960,014 960,747 962,466 24,115 24,678 24,500 25,004 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,485,489 6,477,081 6,482,413 6,475,663 286,408 283,806 275,010 265,248 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.1

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,857,122 3,868,974 3,869,439 3,861,876 174,759 172,927 162,569 151,443 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.9

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,412,280 3,416,426 3,423,339 3,426,738 97,663 105,572 104,274 106,590 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,718,689 1,723,883 1,728,429 1,734,824 41,486 48,308 46,778 46,268 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.7

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,506,531 1,514,156 1,517,976 1,521,443 36,981 43,857 44,374 43,792 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,055,139 2,042,149 2,046,330 2,052,309 79,061 77,108 76,361 77,135 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,093,536 2,106,514 2,112,715 2,116,092 74,304 75,964 75,800 76,667 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676,810 673,696 675,513 677,793 17,702 17,633 16,518 16,118 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,174,985 3,177,661 3,184,819 3,195,995 99,624 86,288 78,785 75,503 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,758,999 3,741,218 3,732,006 3,728,209 140,265 132,353 114,775 105,540 3.7 3.5 3.1 2.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,847,298 4,851,450 4,869,162 4,895,441 191,817 199,692 186,320 179,274 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.7

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,116,153 2,107,249 2,111,538 2,119,373 75,459 74,039 67,478 63,960 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.0

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,076,008 3,084,079 3,087,667 3,096,367 72,474 87,571 87,694 89,176 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,256,776 1,243,231 1,245,746 1,246,780 46,138 44,011 41,923 39,916 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056,569 3,085,519 3,099,959 3,111,305 65,447 77,410 77,926 78,891 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.5

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568,667 572,262 573,485 575,367 15,017 13,240 13,035 13,439 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,059,733 1,060,459 1,061,414 1,062,446 22,384 22,562 21,167 20,570 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,547,113 1,572,677 1,575,704 1,579,670 80,940 86,653 85,725 85,152 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.4

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767,417 767,950 765,800 763,890 17,063 18,784 16,277 14,588 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.9

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,740,508 4,814,879 4,833,049 4,850,711 172,240 170,714 170,555 174,760 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949,572 953,656 956,115 958,504 38,901 33,800 33,534 33,596 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.5

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,633,295 9,659,921 9,676,461 9,703,853 398,337 391,595 384,883 382,501 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,100,927 4,148,381 4,156,557 4,171,473 226,513 221,904 222,803 222,138 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,167,941 5,179,562 5,191,619 5,208,894 177,491 183,074 178,830 175,754 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414,834 416,561 418,070 419,219 8,244 8,704 8,713 8,705 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,768,443 5,755,460 5,777,997 5,806,870 222,664 218,347 211,210 206,663 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027,518 1,028,505 1,030,932 1,033,709 49,295 41,284 39,716 38,952 4.8 4.0 3.9 3.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888,776 1,902,396 1,909,673 1,916,155 54,481 56,853 54,463 53,540 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,171,706 2,175,890 2,165,816 2,157,443 79,636 95,582 86,849 80,764 3.7 4.4 4.0 3.7

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,491,428 6,505,031 6,509,360 6,510,114 278,922 276,017 267,513 259,001 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572,701 566,181 566,707 568,433 16,975 17,356 16,964 16,801 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,381,220 2,393,148 2,406,269 2,420,551 75,133 76,414 75,642 75,629 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476,052 477,191 478,820 480,593 9,361 9,186 8,980 8,914 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,381,397 3,338,255 3,347,540 3,359,776 109,470 113,866 110,171 109,749 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,670,702 14,898,124 14,960,347 15,009,265 555,317 599,832 605,684 616,304 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,741,923 1,773,428 1,781,489 1,792,443 38,954 41,696 41,313 41,970 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342,130 346,213 346,434 346,155 7,583 9,217 8,341 7,384 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.1

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,428,210 4,529,061 4,550,813 4,574,349 112,638 143,569 140,260 134,334 2.5 3.2 3.1 2.9

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,982,923 4,047,314 4,057,028 4,065,501 155,078 180,382 174,456 165,266 3.9 4.5 4.3 4.1

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,768,849 1,787,758 1,792,609 1,802,973 48,812 53,162 52,978 54,224 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786,778 782,365 782,182 782,425 29,567 26,866 25,965 25,639 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,091,575 3,074,553 3,085,088 3,099,488 88,228 76,581 72,950 73,335 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291,283 296,759 297,811 298,525 9,481 10,890 10,554 9,917 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.3

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181,133 1,202,190 1,197,613 1,188,838 69,627 72,513 72,040 72,017 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
LABOR FORCE DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area

Civilian labor force Unemployed

April May Number Percent of labor force

2022 2023 2022 2023p

April May April May

2022 2023 2022 2023p 2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,279,731 2,296,492 2,286,230 2,307,803 46,317 39,983 50,476 49,384 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.1

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351,540 354,190 358,446 357,670 15,026 13,543 14,063 13,328 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,585,396 3,650,623 3,603,906 3,686,820 126,676 117,350 133,129 134,276 3.5 3.2 3.7 3.6

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367,518 1,388,027 1,371,738 1,384,271 40,040 34,174 43,450 34,372 2.9 2.5 3.2 2.5

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,119,845 19,310,513 19,196,922 19,307,961 763,554 828,576 701,685 864,609 4.0 4.3 3.7 4.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale1. . . . 5,000,847 4,990,245 4,987,130 4,969,391 239,152 225,135 223,832 240,925 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,179,354 3,217,118 3,186,795 3,236,746 94,032 78,574 86,830 90,877 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.8

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,922,393 1,868,973 1,944,890 1,886,359 77,704 56,604 80,875 69,474 4.0 3.0 4.2 3.7

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497,424 501,717 494,975 502,102 20,712 19,667 20,177 19,698 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.9

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386,488 386,532 387,666 391,319 16,139 17,287 16,710 19,071 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.9

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,669,485 11,011,926 10,741,092 11,021,589 287,056 253,157 292,321 296,052 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.7

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall1. . . . . . . . . . . 1,361,251 1,387,286 1,362,628 1,364,211 35,277 25,090 33,938 29,487 2.6 1.8 2.5 2.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,212,849 5,284,068 5,228,331 5,299,480 133,075 144,788 149,025 181,756 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673,544 679,552 673,796 671,927 21,176 18,289 21,733 17,744 3.1 2.7 3.2 2.6

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941,485 953,468 950,770 965,118 23,662 24,549 22,303 26,004 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.7

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,435,143 6,444,625 6,455,149 6,378,771 278,159 237,513 281,171 231,418 4.3 3.7 4.4 3.6

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights1. . . 3,834,246 3,837,098 3,849,976 3,796,476 166,784 124,252 173,864 122,058 4.3 3.2 4.5 3.2

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,384,029 3,423,283 3,405,791 3,421,867 84,509 89,434 95,120 121,060 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,706,104 1,734,956 1,707,944 1,737,711 35,583 40,476 39,033 45,806 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.6

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,495,524 1,517,491 1,500,797 1,518,343 31,300 42,263 36,614 40,894 2.1 2.8 2.4 2.7

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046,354 2,054,682 2,053,884 2,062,436 69,639 67,115 78,429 79,345 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.8

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,086,075 2,111,151 2,087,581 2,106,815 67,134 67,691 72,898 82,195 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.9

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670,779 675,254 673,215 678,412 20,062 16,180 18,923 17,653 3.0 2.4 2.8 2.6

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,150,518 3,182,403 3,157,874 3,191,400 91,435 58,898 97,863 70,018 2.9 1.9 3.1 2.2

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,721,504 3,709,917 3,726,911 3,682,046 128,630 90,446 134,145 84,244 3.5 2.4 3.6 2.3

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,801,789 4,884,860 4,853,063 4,970,486 191,439 140,062 200,435 186,699 4.0 2.9 4.1 3.8

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088,663 2,093,401 2,094,998 2,118,726 73,912 41,859 78,151 64,882 3.5 2.0 3.7 3.1

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,054,785 3,089,653 3,076,643 3,119,942 66,642 89,711 66,382 91,700 2.2 2.9 2.2 2.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,254,814 1,250,793 1,258,261 1,242,868 43,420 34,021 47,145 37,388 3.5 2.7 3.7 3.0

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,051,721 3,131,211 3,069,864 3,139,913 62,551 75,889 69,447 90,820 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.9

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565,384 574,167 567,905 579,106 15,122 13,568 13,415 13,839 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057,257 1,062,906 1,062,770 1,065,527 20,693 19,233 22,263 21,970 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.1

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,531,783 1,579,087 1,547,500 1,586,849 80,002 81,336 81,089 83,602 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758,136 752,672 760,641 752,116 16,716 9,078 15,970 11,453 2.2 1.2 2.1 1.5

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,699,368 4,840,452 4,719,435 4,850,755 173,783 149,886 166,718 186,937 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.9

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944,896 951,027 943,758 952,661 38,773 29,346 36,656 32,038 4.1 3.1 3.9 3.4

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,561,873 9,652,682 9,611,179 9,723,029 394,699 355,865 379,712 372,547 4.1 3.7 4.0 3.8

New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,072,173 4,132,960 4,076,313 4,169,630 231,660 218,071 219,812 213,612 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.1

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,153,229 5,214,964 5,178,101 5,249,919 166,051 163,277 184,479 179,804 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412,090 418,924 415,619 421,229 8,712 8,963 7,185 7,980 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.9

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,730,783 5,804,955 5,762,614 5,850,786 214,429 183,450 211,387 197,922 3.7 3.2 3.7 3.4

Cleveland-Elyria2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,020,623 1,029,768 1,027,675 1,034,421 48,760 34,760 50,203 39,727 4.8 3.4 4.9 3.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,871,136 1,915,793 1,890,935 1,928,641 47,928 42,407 55,869 55,196 2.6 2.2 3.0 2.9

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,162,222 2,126,521 2,157,494 2,126,788 77,169 60,389 72,603 68,105 3.6 2.8 3.4 3.2

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,433,960 6,446,265 6,504,345 6,493,270 254,172 203,069 266,285 229,662 4.0 3.2 4.1 3.5

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565,944 562,607 569,184 569,568 15,825 13,801 16,142 15,817 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,372,817 2,433,399 2,383,773 2,446,950 62,445 59,369 70,355 68,736 2.6 2.4 3.0 2.8

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,235 481,478 477,236 484,604 9,547 9,741 8,977 9,034 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,379,677 3,355,638 3,375,814 3,370,833 103,843 87,065 106,909 109,428 3.1 2.6 3.2 3.2

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,592,934 15,019,920 14,616,414 14,968,635 516,170 551,311 531,312 613,801 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.1

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,725,736 1,788,955 1,737,045 1,812,321 38,004 40,086 38,517 44,671 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338,411 341,667 340,106 341,510 8,429 6,583 7,532 5,707 2.5 1.9 2.2 1.7

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,415,574 4,569,901 4,436,434 4,607,280 105,061 113,021 127,927 123,312 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.7

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,951,368 4,038,958 3,967,534 4,048,898 146,250 141,922 149,185 134,024 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.3

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,761,490 1,802,364 1,770,012 1,829,160 40,173 47,110 45,164 58,617 2.3 2.6 2.6 3.2

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783,246 780,798 788,108 784,480 28,683 26,765 27,388 26,708 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,065,443 3,097,090 3,074,106 3,119,249 85,327 70,383 86,428 83,578 2.8 2.3 2.8 2.7

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287,297 296,521 290,111 297,071 9,770 9,927 9,911 8,108 3.4 3.3 3.4 2.7

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,199,229 1,177,329 1,186,541 1,166,614 69,850 66,459 69,504 71,266 5.8 5.6 5.9 6.1

1 Metropolitan division.

2 Metropolitan statistical area.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management

and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following

month.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total1 Construction Manufacturing

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,105.0 2,141.3 2,146.3 2,149.0 99.0 100.8 100.6 100.8 273.0 277.2 276.8 276.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.9 324.6 325.3 324.7 16.2 16.5 16.0 16.0 12.5 12.1 11.6 11.1

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,094.7 3,146.2 3,154.8 3,151.5 193.5 196.6 197.4 196.4 191.9 196.7 196.1 196.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326.4 1,352.3 1,356.8 1,362.7 56.8 60.8 61.9 62.6 162.5 163.9 163.7 164.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,660.7 17,971.0 18,040.9 18,088.2 913.4 905.3 912.4 918.9 1,334.8 1,344.4 1,344.1 1,338.4

Colorado2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,870.3 2,890.5 2,896.6 2,900.5 183.5 180.9 183.5 181.7 153.3 154.3 153.1 154.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,666.6 1,685.3 1,686.5 1,691.5 60.8 59.9 59.4 59.2 156.8 158.3 157.5 157.7

Delaware3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470.1 482.8 483.7 485.7 23.2 24.8 24.2 24.4 26.0 27.1 27.2 27.3

District of Columbia3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765.1 773.1 772.7 776.4 15.5 15.5 15.6 15.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,379.5 9,683.5 9,708.6 9,726.1 598.2 605.5 604.9 604.4 407.7 417.6 419.0 418.1

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,790.4 4,883.9 4,893.9 4,908.5 213.3 219.5 218.9 220.7 415.9 418.3 417.6 416.6

Hawaii3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.4 632.1 631.2 631.0 36.9 38.1 37.2 37.1 12.5 12.8 12.8 12.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821.8 846.8 846.2 847.2 65.0 68.4 69.4 69.1 73.1 72.5 72.4 72.2

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,009.4 6,118.4 6,127.2 6,129.7 229.4 233.2 234.5 232.1 567.9 568.2 570.5 568.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,182.4 3,245.7 3,255.8 3,266.7 154.2 165.2 163.3 160.8 540.5 541.7 540.4 538.3

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,565.0 1,593.1 1,596.6 1,596.4 80.2 84.1 84.5 84.4 223.3 226.8 228.8 227.4

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,409.8 1,441.8 1,443.1 1,441.6 64.6 67.5 66.7 66.7 168.3 171.7 172.3 172.6

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,954.1 2,002.4 2,003.1 2,005.9 81.8 86.6 85.5 86.1 251.8 258.6 259.7 261.4

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,914.5 1,950.7 1,958.3 1,962.9 128.8 132.9 134.8 136.5 133.1 137.0 137.5 137.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637.8 645.2 645.7 646.9 32.5 33.2 33.4 33.4 54.4 54.3 54.8 55.0

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,702.4 2,731.2 2,736.7 2,739.2 160.3 161.6 161.7 162.7 109.1 110.1 109.7 110.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,660.6 3,754.1 3,760.0 3,765.7 169.3 174.8 175.7 176.3 238.4 238.8 238.4 239.1

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,358.0 4,414.8 4,425.6 4,440.1 183.6 190.2 190.6 191.3 600.2 606.9 607.6 609.5

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927.7 2,974.7 2,979.0 2,986.7 133.2 133.6 134.5 135.5 323.9 326.5 326.0 326.0

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162.1 1,176.9 1,178.4 1,178.7 45.3 48.1 47.8 46.8 148.9 147.3 147.6 147.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,922.1 2,969.9 2,974.0 2,977.7 138.8 138.3 137.3 137.6 282.0 291.1 291.4 292.0

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.0 516.7 517.0 515.1 35.8 38.4 38.1 37.6 22.2 22.8 22.9 23.1

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,020.4 1,044.4 1,043.0 1,039.8 56.1 61.6 60.8 60.5 103.4 105.8 105.8 105.8

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485.6 1,543.2 1,539.4 1,540.9 104.6 111.9 110.6 111.2 66.0 67.7 67.4 67.0

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.0 700.7 699.3 701.5 30.0 30.9 30.7 31.0 70.4 71.6 71.3 71.3

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,242.2 4,316.5 4,326.0 4,335.8 163.2 166.6 166.6 165.3 250.2 253.4 253.2 252.5

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.7 865.9 865.5 868.2 49.7 50.5 50.9 51.4 29.0 29.4 29.6 29.7

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,477.5 9,698.0 9,665.8 9,696.2 385.4 402.9 397.6 398.3 424.5 424.8 423.7 423.1

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,786.5 4,887.7 4,895.1 4,901.5 246.2 253.2 252.9 250.5 473.6 477.7 477.2 477.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.5 433.9 434.0 434.6 25.8 26.1 25.5 25.6 27.4 27.4 27.2 27.2

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,529.2 5,590.5 5,608.0 5,614.6 233.0 239.7 240.6 241.4 682.5 691.5 692.1 691.8

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,693.9 1,725.2 1,726.0 1,727.9 78.9 83.3 83.6 83.5 132.2 135.4 135.4 134.8

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,940.2 1,988.3 1,988.8 1,992.4 114.5 122.7 122.3 122.5 193.1 195.8 194.9 194.9

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,971.0 6,106.1 6,114.6 6,122.5 258.5 264.8 265.3 263.9 563.1 567.9 566.9 566.3

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.4 499.4 495.5 494.3 20.9 23.4 22.5 21.4 40.3 39.9 39.7 40.2

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,237.4 2,284.5 2,292.0 2,300.6 108.0 109.7 109.8 110.2 260.8 262.1 262.0 261.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.7 459.8 461.1 460.4 25.8 25.6 26.1 25.4 45.1 46.1 45.9 45.8

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,237.1 3,310.8 3,309.4 3,312.1 145.2 151.3 151.3 151.2 363.8 368.6 368.9 369.8

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,388.9 13,837.8 13,867.7 13,918.7 775.1 806.3 796.4 796.2 922.7 948.9 949.2 948.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676.4 1,714.1 1,720.3 1,728.8 130.2 137.0 136.3 136.1 151.5 153.4 153.3 153.0

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.7 308.6 309.5 308.2 15.5 15.9 15.7 15.5 29.1 28.8 28.5 28.2

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,055.4 4,136.7 4,140.0 4,146.9 207.6 213.4 212.5 215.1 244.9 245.6 246.0 245.3

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,517.3 3,618.0 3,623.6 3,626.5 230.9 233.2 237.6 238.3 267.7 275.2 275.5 277.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697.0 699.6 698.5 699.2 31.5 30.9 31.1 31.1 47.2 45.7 45.5 45.6

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,954.3 2,999.8 3,001.9 2,995.5 130.0 131.9 134.6 134.9 480.6 485.3 484.7 481.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.7 289.5 289.1 289.7 21.1 21.7 21.8 22.0 10.1 10.7 10.6 10.6

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916.9 945.6 949.8 951.8 32.5 35.3 35.9 36.6 81.6 83.4 83.3 83.5

Virgin Islands4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 35.3 35.0 35.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 – – – –

1

Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately.

2 Data for Colorado featured in this table were incorrectly published on May 19, 2023. BLS corrected the data in the LABSTAT database on June 16, 2023. See

https://www.bls.gov/bls/errata/sae_errata.htm for a complete listing of impacted series and BLS products.

3 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

4 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Trade, transportation, and utilities Financial activities Professional and business services

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.0 407.8 408.9 409.4 101.3 102.9 103.7 103.2 261.9 267.3 269.1 270.1

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 65.4 65.2 65.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.3 27.2 28.3 28.4 28.3

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.0 603.4 605.8 606.1 249.2 251.5 250.5 248.3 468.2 476.7 480.0 476.4

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.5 275.8 274.8 273.8 70.4 70.0 70.5 71.1 152.2 151.9 152.1 153.7

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,142.3 3,143.5 3,151.7 3,153.5 845.0 845.5 849.1 850.9 2,868.5 2,899.2 2,908.1 2,919.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.1 496.6 496.1 496.3 182.8 174.7 173.4 172.2 485.0 492.2 493.9 492.0

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299.0 297.1 298.8 300.5 118.8 115.0 114.8 114.9 221.6 226.0 224.5 224.6

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.2 91.1 90.9 91.6 48.1 50.2 50.3 50.3 65.6 67.4 67.6 67.9

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 30.3 30.2 30.4 27.5 28.3 28.1 28.2 174.4 174.7 174.4 174.7

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,925.9 1,977.4 1,975.5 1,973.9 663.7 677.3 679.7 682.3 1,577.4 1,608.7 1,619.7 1,625.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030.1 1,025.4 1,028.3 1,030.1 272.9 278.3 279.6 281.6 777.1 773.4 775.3 775.7

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.5 116.3 116.3 117.4 27.7 27.6 27.4 27.3 71.0 72.2 72.7 72.9

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.4 161.9 162.2 162.5 41.1 41.4 41.2 40.7 107.3 111.1 110.9 110.8

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,217.2 1,222.3 1,222.3 1,222.6 402.4 404.5 410.2 412.1 975.9 974.8 974.4 974.5

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630.8 638.5 639.1 639.0 147.0 149.5 150.7 151.0 367.9 376.6 380.4 382.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.1 312.3 313.9 314.0 108.6 109.0 108.8 108.7 145.7 145.6 144.0 143.8

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.2 274.4 275.8 274.9 75.8 76.0 76.6 77.2 179.8 185.4 184.2 183.1

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.8 433.5 433.3 432.0 97.0 94.9 95.0 94.5 228.3 229.4 230.6 230.4

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.3 370.1 370.7 371.2 89.1 92.7 93.2 93.7 220.1 220.8 223.1 223.6

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.8 120.5 120.0 119.9 33.7 34.4 34.0 34.0 75.8 76.9 76.7 76.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.1 475.5 476.5 475.4 134.9 135.8 135.0 133.8 474.1 469.5 470.2 471.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.9 571.5 571.6 572.9 225.7 232.1 232.5 231.9 631.5 652.9 653.6 654.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.1 810.3 811.0 813.4 234.1 228.2 228.4 228.4 659.1 660.2 663.9 666.8

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526.6 529.5 531.6 530.5 191.5 191.1 189.9 189.7 386.9 389.6 387.5 390.4

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.7 245.6 246.4 246.8 44.1 44.6 44.5 44.1 118.2 116.8 116.8 117.8

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.5 558.8 558.8 557.7 185.1 188.0 186.6 186.0 383.6 389.3 392.8 396.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.4 100.5 100.7 99.6 28.2 28.9 28.9 28.7 49.6 51.0 50.2 49.5

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.1 197.3 198.3 197.5 71.4 70.1 69.9 69.7 121.9 121.7 119.9 118.2

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.1 295.1 295.1 294.3 76.8 75.4 75.8 75.4 211.3 220.6 221.4 222.1

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.8 139.9 139.4 140.4 34.5 34.2 34.6 34.9 95.3 102.0 103.2 103.5

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912.2 919.7 922.3 922.0 260.0 258.0 259.0 259.6 725.0 721.5 725.3 724.3

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.4 142.2 141.6 141.8 35.0 34.6 34.8 34.8 115.1 120.1 120.1 119.3

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482.4 1,474.7 1,463.9 1,467.7 725.2 735.5 734.0 734.4 1,357.0 1,389.3 1,386.1 1,385.6

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.6 924.1 928.1 930.6 292.0 295.5 296.7 295.4 734.4 749.7 751.2 754.4

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 91.9 91.5 92.1 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.2 34.4 35.1 35.2 34.8

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058.9 1,051.2 1,054.2 1,058.0 318.0 321.8 321.5 318.3 746.7 741.3 743.1 737.9

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.9 323.3 321.8 322.5 80.9 81.4 81.6 81.0 203.2 204.5 204.6 205.5

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.0 367.0 366.3 366.7 105.5 106.2 106.6 107.8 262.8 270.8 271.4 271.6

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,143.3 1,158.0 1,155.2 1,157.8 333.4 340.5 340.3 340.7 842.6 859.0 862.3 866.0

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.5 76.7 76.2 76.6 35.4 35.3 35.2 35.4 70.6 69.6 68.1 67.3

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.0 439.2 439.4 440.3 117.3 119.4 120.7 122.2 309.1 309.7 314.1 315.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.5 92.0 92.6 93.4 28.0 27.8 27.8 27.5 36.6 36.6 37.6 38.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676.6 684.7 681.4 681.5 175.1 173.7 174.3 174.4 464.6 472.4 471.4 469.5

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,704.5 2,763.3 2,771.1 2,782.9 875.6 902.9 906.0 908.6 2,063.3 2,119.4 2,130.0 2,151.5

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.4 317.0 315.2 314.9 98.2 96.2 96.6 96.6 247.1 250.8 252.2 252.8

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 52.8 52.8 52.3 12.1 12.2 12.2 12.1 31.8 33.3 33.1 33.1

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665.2 665.5 665.5 665.9 215.8 213.9 216.4 216.2 802.5 814.8 811.3 815.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.0 621.1 622.3 624.5 165.5 167.9 169.0 169.8 545.6 559.2 558.3 556.2

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.9 123.3 123.0 123.0 25.3 25.4 25.3 25.3 72.5 71.3 71.5 71.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.9 555.6 555.2 557.2 158.7 160.6 161.3 160.1 328.2 324.7 326.1 326.2

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 52.5 52.3 52.8 11.5 11.6 11.9 11.6 20.4 20.9 20.3 20.2

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.5 185.7 185.6 185.7 46.6 46.9 46.8 47.2 138.0 142.7 145.3 145.2

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.8 – – – – – – – –

1 Missing series (denoted by ’-’) are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued

[In thousands]

State

Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

May

2022

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.1 253.4 254.6 254.8 195.5 201.5 201.5 200.9 391.7 397.6 398.0 399.4

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.2 50.3 50.6 50.8 34.0 35.7 36.3 36.7 77.3 78.4 78.7 78.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.2 498.2 499.9 500.4 334.0 344.2 345.1 346.4 410.7 418.9 420.6 422.6

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.3 203.0 203.2 204.2 120.9 126.7 130.2 131.7 207.9 208.9 209.2 209.1

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,916.3 3,041.5 3,063.7 3,080.1 1,920.2 2,021.5 2,036.6 2,046.4 2,526.0 2,571.2 2,574.2 2,576.4

Colorado1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.8 354.6 354.8 354.8 337.7 350.3 356.0 358.9 447.5 462.8 463.6 464.7

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341.0 352.0 352.4 351.2 148.7 153.8 154.1 156.7 227.0 229.7 230.7 230.9

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 79.7 79.9 80.3 49.1 51.9 52.6 53.4 67.0 68.3 68.4 68.3

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.6 123.5 122.8 123.8 66.7 75.9 75.5 76.4 238.4 234.3 234.7 235.3

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381.2 1,460.2 1,471.7 1,480.5 1,232.1 1,312.7 1,314.6 1,318.3 1,089.4 1,110.6 1,112.3 1,112.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623.8 653.6 657.2 661.8 480.7 516.5 517.9 521.1 675.4 688.4 689.6 691.2

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 86.3 86.9 87.3 110.7 120.1 119.0 117.8 118.6 122.6 122.7 122.4

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.2 125.7 125.1 126.6 88.1 92.4 91.3 91.6 125.5 131.7 131.6 131.7

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.3 958.2 961.3 962.5 560.1 594.1 593.6 595.0 782.5 810.9 810.2 812.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.9 481.7 485.3 486.4 300.4 316.8 319.3 316.8 411.3 414.8 415.9 429.1

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.7 235.5 236.4 237.3 135.3 141.0 141.6 141.4 256.3 260.6 261.5 261.8

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.7 204.8 205.2 203.9 126.8 133.7 133.3 132.9 250.3 254.2 254.8 255.5

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.5 296.2 295.4 297.8 192.5 201.5 199.7 197.2 298.3 303.2 304.9 306.7

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.7 335.6 337.0 338.8 211.6 221.6 219.2 218.5 310.4 314.3 316.9 317.1

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.3 127.8 127.7 128.2 66.2 66.5 67.2 67.0 99.3 99.7 99.8 100.4

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.5 457.0 457.2 457.8 247.7 256.6 256.1 256.1 512.7 520.3 525.5 527.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.4 829.7 833.5 836.2 347.0 360.5 358.7 358.2 448.5 458.2 459.4 460.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658.9 675.5 677.9 678.1 402.9 414.9 414.9 420.4 586.8 603.3 605.7 606.6

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.0 559.5 561.5 563.4 254.1 270.0 272.5 274.8 406.1 415.0 415.3 416.7

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.4 149.0 150.1 151.1 132.2 136.4 135.9 135.2 231.9 233.5 233.5 233.4

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.9 493.8 496.6 496.6 296.3 310.7 309.3 310.3 424.8 429.7 430.3 430.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.7 82.7 83.1 83.7 70.2 71.3 71.4 71.1 90.0 89.4 89.6 89.6

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.2 160.2 160.7 161.1 91.1 97.4 97.6 97.5 169.6 172.3 172.1 171.9

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.2 168.0 168.0 169.8 335.7 356.1 353.3 352.9 166.5 171.7 173.0 173.3

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.4 124.7 124.2 125.4 70.5 73.7 72.2 71.4 86.0 86.3 86.7 86.8

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728.2 767.5 771.0 776.4 376.5 398.0 397.8 399.3 584.6 585.5 584.2 588.1

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.9 145.6 146.1 146.3 93.4 97.3 96.8 98.9 179.6 183.9 182.7 183.0

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136.5 2,213.5 2,206.3 2,223.4 859.4 920.2 919.8 930.7 1,427.1 1,446.6 1,447.5 1,446.8

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649.9 672.4 675.8 677.0 499.2 527.6 525.0 529.3 718.5 723.1 723.1 723.8

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 68.0 67.9 67.9 38.7 40.1 40.7 41.0 81.5 81.9 82.1 81.8

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.5 923.6 927.4 932.8 537.8 557.9 563.8 564.8 766.9 769.9 769.6 770.3

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240.9 247.0 246.9 246.9 172.0 182.1 183.2 183.2 349.2 352.4 352.6 353.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303.2 311.7 312.3 312.7 197.0 204.7 204.5 205.6 292.8 302.5 302.2 301.9

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,256.4 1,297.4 1,303.4 1,304.2 533.2 559.5 562.5 562.6 677.0 684.6 684.8 685.6

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.7 104.1 104.2 104.6 57.2 57.7 57.1 56.5 63.1 65.0 64.7 64.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.7 275.7 276.3 278.6 262.9 275.6 277.0 279.9 366.6 374.2 373.5 372.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 76.4 76.2 75.9 48.0 50.1 49.9 49.5 79.5 80.9 80.9 80.7

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.8 463.0 466.0 469.7 340.4 362.2 360.3 360.0 438.7 445.4 447.2 447.2

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,790.9 1,869.6 1,874.5 1,881.3 1,398.9 1,468.8 1,468.6 1,465.6 1,986.1 2,035.9 2,041.2 2,043.9

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.3 231.0 231.3 233.0 160.6 167.7 172.5 178.3 252.5 258.4 258.9 259.6

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 62.4 62.6 62.4 33.5 33.2 34.4 34.4 53.1 54.7 55.1 55.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.8 573.8 576.0 577.7 386.4 408.4 409.8 409.7 713.7 727.8 728.6 728.9

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.9 534.2 537.0 541.2 325.0 343.7 343.7 341.4 563.0 580.0 578.5 577.9

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.8 130.0 129.6 129.6 70.0 70.2 69.7 70.3 148.4 149.1 148.5 148.0

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.4 467.2 466.0 465.2 264.8 272.7 272.1 268.2 391.9 402.8 402.6 403.2

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.5 29.9 29.6 29.8 36.9 38.1 37.9 37.5 66.9 68.2 68.2 68.4

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.1 124.4 124.6 125.0 85.2 92.2 93.0 93.6 193.9 198.9 198.9 198.6

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.2 10.8 10.9 10.8 10.9

1 Data for Colorado featured in this table were incorrectly published on May 19, 2023. BLS corrected the data in the LABSTAT database on June 16, 2023. See

https://www.bls.gov/bls/errata/sae_errata.htm for a complete listing of impacted series and BLS products.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted

[In thousands]

State

Total Mining and logging Construction

April May April May April May

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102.9 2,144.4 2,106.0 2,146.5 9.1 8.4 9.1 8.4 99.4 100.4 99.4 100.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.5 319.9 323.2 328.9 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.6 14.9 14.8 16.9 16.2

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,098.5 3,158.2 3,090.5 3,139.1 12.7 13.9 12.7 14.2 191.8 197.1 193.8 195.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326.9 1,360.5 1,332.2 1,368.9 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.9 56.2 61.2 56.9 62.5

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,627.2 18,022.8 17,694.2 18,097.3 19.5 19.9 19.7 20.0 911.2 909.6 917.2 922.7

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,865.4 2,887.4 2,870.8 2,896.3 20.6 22.1 20.7 21.8 182.2 181.9 184.5 183.2

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,662.3 1,676.8 1,673.5 1,697.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 61.4 59.2 62.2 60.6

Delaware1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.5 481.2 472.3 487.0 – – – – 23.9 24.1 23.4 24.6

District of Columbia1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761.4 770.6 760.5 774.0 – – – – 15.3 15.5 15.4 15.6

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,387.3 9,717.8 9,387.7 9,719.2 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.8 595.9 604.2 598.6 606.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,778.8 4,885.8 4,791.1 4,901.0 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.9 212.3 217.8 213.7 223.2

Hawaii1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.3 632.4 614.8 633.5 – – – – 37.1 37.3 36.8 36.7

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819.0 844.1 824.5 848.7 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.2 64.2 69.2 65.4 69.2

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,989.9 6,106.4 6,030.3 6,150.1 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.0 225.3 228.4 235.7 237.8

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,173.1 3,255.3 3,195.1 3,274.6 5.7 5.9 5.8 6.0 152.4 164.1 156.9 165.7

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,569.8 1,596.1 1,575.8 1,606.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 79.9 83.4 83.0 87.1

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414.3 1,446.5 1,419.0 1,447.9 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.4 64.1 66.8 65.1 67.5

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,950.8 2,005.3 1,959.0 2,011.3 8.0 8.7 8.1 8.7 81.5 84.4 82.7 86.5

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,914.7 1,959.5 1,918.9 1,965.2 30.4 33.4 30.7 33.2 129.6 135.4 129.2 137.5

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.2 632.6 638.6 646.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 31.8 31.8 33.2 34.0

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,695.0 2,733.6 2,713.5 2,749.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 159.2 160.6 160.2 163.4

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,651.3 3,745.8 3,672.3 3,769.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 168.8 173.5 172.4 178.2

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,344.4 4,397.3 4,380.2 4,459.1 6.9 7.4 7.2 7.6 180.1 184.2 189.3 195.0

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,908.4 2,951.0 2,946.9 3,003.4 6.3 6.4 6.7 6.6 124.7 125.4 138.0 139.6

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161.6 1,177.2 1,161.9 1,179.1 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.1 45.4 47.9 45.5 46.6

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,925.2 2,979.9 2,940.2 2,989.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6 137.6 135.5 140.4 137.1

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.6 513.9 511.4 518.3 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 35.5 37.2 36.8 38.4

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,021.3 1,042.7 1,026.1 1,044.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 57.2 60.9 57.5 61.4

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,481.2 1,539.6 1,488.7 1,547.3 15.1 15.2 15.1 15.2 104.8 111.8 106.0 112.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682.6 696.3 686.3 703.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 29.7 30.2 30.5 31.5

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,216.6 4,298.0 4,257.0 4,344.2 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 162.8 166.0 165.6 167.6

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.2 866.1 848.5 869.4 20.3 23.3 20.3 23.6 49.9 50.9 50.1 52.0

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,436.8 9,639.4 9,510.2 9,727.0 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.4 381.8 392.7 391.7 402.1

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,779.5 4,897.8 4,812.2 4,921.8 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.5 245.8 251.7 247.4 250.8

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.1 431.3 429.1 437.9 15.3 18.7 15.9 19.1 24.1 23.6 26.5 26.3

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,522.3 5,594.7 5,560.7 5,644.4 8.9 9.5 9.0 9.5 231.3 238.8 239.6 248.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,694.1 1,729.4 1,697.7 1,733.9 30.0 31.4 30.2 31.6 79.0 83.2 78.9 83.6

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,940.6 1,985.9 1,945.1 2,000.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.4 113.8 120.3 114.6 123.1

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,976.3 6,118.9 6,001.7 6,144.5 22.0 23.0 22.3 23.4 259.9 263.7 264.1 267.9

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.8 492.1 501.8 497.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 20.9 22.1 21.4 21.9

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,235.0 2,287.1 2,246.2 2,305.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.5 108.4 108.9 108.6 110.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448.4 457.1 455.8 464.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 25.2 24.6 26.7 26.4

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,230.6 3,308.4 3,239.1 3,309.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 143.8 151.2 145.8 152.0

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,339.7 13,845.8 13,391.2 13,913.3 195.8 213.0 197.4 220.1 773.2 788.8 777.8 794.6

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676.8 1,718.7 1,678.2 1,727.1 9.7 10.2 9.8 10.4 129.4 133.8 131.2 135.9

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.8 305.5 302.3 304.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 15.1 14.9 16.0 16.0

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,052.3 4,137.1 4,054.1 4,152.6 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.0 208.1 211.7 208.6 215.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,499.8 3,618.5 3,521.3 3,633.2 5.4 5.7 5.5 5.8 228.3 236.9 231.7 237.8

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696.2 698.4 708.6 703.0 19.5 21.5 19.7 22.1 31.7 30.6 32.4 31.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,946.2 2,992.2 2,966.7 3,004.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 126.9 131.3 133.1 138.1

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279.4 285.6 284.3 290.2 16.0 17.1 16.1 16.9 20.8 21.2 21.7 22.3

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.4 949.4 909.4 951.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 31.4 35.7 31.7 36.8

Virgin Islands1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 35.1 34.5 35.2 – – – – 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.1

1 Mining and logging is combined with construction.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Manufacturing Trade, transportation, and utilities Information

April May April May April May

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.8 276.1 272.5 276.0 402.7 406.4 402.6 406.9 22.3 22.6 22.5 22.8

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 11.2 10.5 9.6 62.2 64.0 65.5 66.4 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.9 194.7 191.2 195.4 600.2 599.4 597.9 598.2 51.4 50.3 52.0 49.5

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.8 163.5 161.6 164.7 266.9 273.1 267.4 272.8 12.6 12.7 12.6 12.4

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,327.5 1,336.6 1,331.2 1,333.4 3,104.8 3,113.9 3,104.6 3,119.0 601.5 599.6 607.8 593.3

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.6 152.5 152.7 154.2 500.2 490.9 499.0 490.7 79.7 77.2 80.0 76.9

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.1 156.5 156.4 157.0 293.9 293.1 296.6 299.0 30.8 31.4 31.2 31.9

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 27.2 25.8 27.4 88.0 89.6 88.5 90.4 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 30.0 30.0 29.8 30.1 20.8 20.9 20.6 20.8

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.6 419.6 407.5 417.3 1,908.9 1,962.3 1,908.9 1,958.7 154.4 152.6 156.0 151.8

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.8 415.4 415.4 414.5 1,021.2 1,022.6 1,022.0 1,020.4 127.3 127.6 129.4 129.2

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 12.7 12.4 12.7 113.7 115.1 113.5 116.4 7.7 8.9 7.6 9.0

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.9 71.8 72.8 71.6 160.1 160.8 160.5 161.6 8.8 9.6 9.0 9.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.0 569.3 564.9 568.3 1,204.3 1,210.4 1,207.7 1,213.6 93.8 92.0 95.7 91.6

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.2 539.3 539.6 537.5 624.8 631.8 626.7 634.5 26.6 25.7 27.0 26.5

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.7 227.8 223.0 227.0 312.2 311.5 312.3 312.8 18.9 19.1 19.1 19.2

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.2 171.6 167.6 171.8 271.2 274.5 270.8 273.0 18.4 17.6 18.4 18.0

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.0 260.2 251.1 260.4 418.9 430.8 419.0 429.8 21.0 22.1 21.2 22.4

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.1 137.2 132.9 137.0 371.7 368.6 371.7 370.1 24.4 23.1 24.8 23.1

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.0 54.2 54.3 54.7 116.6 117.0 117.7 118.0 7.9 7.7 7.9 7.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.2 109.0 108.6 109.6 470.3 471.1 472.5 471.7 35.5 34.9 35.5 35.2

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.5 236.9 238.4 238.4 558.2 564.8 560.3 570.4 95.9 97.7 96.5 96.6

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599.1 602.3 599.3 608.0 798.9 802.3 804.1 811.4 55.7 56.3 56.3 56.7

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320.7 322.3 322.7 324.1 522.7 525.5 527.1 530.0 44.8 46.5 45.0 46.0

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.9 147.6 149.0 147.6 241.2 244.3 241.3 245.4 10.1 10.3 10.2 10.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280.0 290.1 280.4 290.7 555.8 557.8 555.1 553.8 48.0 48.5 48.3 47.4

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 22.7 22.0 22.9 98.7 99.9 99.3 99.2 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.7

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.7 105.2 102.8 105.5 195.1 197.1 195.4 197.2 17.9 18.2 17.9 18.0

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.0 67.4 65.9 67.0 289.5 291.7 290.0 291.4 17.5 18.8 18.5 18.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 71.0 70.2 71.5 137.5 138.0 137.9 140.3 11.9 11.7 12.0 11.8

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.2 252.9 249.9 252.2 902.1 907.7 906.0 914.2 75.4 75.7 76.5 75.9

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 29.3 28.7 29.5 142.8 140.3 143.1 141.2 10.9 10.7 10.6 10.8

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.5 422.2 424.0 423.0 1,460.1 1,446.2 1,472.6 1,460.4 289.2 287.6 292.4 286.9

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.4 474.5 472.5 475.6 910.5 919.1 912.0 924.9 80.2 84.2 81.6 84.2

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 27.1 27.4 27.2 90.2 90.6 90.9 92.3 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.6

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.8 692.0 680.2 691.8 1,050.9 1,043.5 1,052.7 1,053.1 69.1 67.4 69.8 67.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.9 135.3 132.5 134.4 318.6 320.1 317.9 321.5 17.7 17.7 18.0 17.8

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.4 192.8 192.6 193.7 365.0 361.8 364.2 362.7 36.8 37.3 36.8 37.3

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.0 566.1 563.2 566.5 1,134.6 1,148.4 1,136.8 1,154.4 92.0 95.2 92.1 96.1

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.1 39.7 40.3 40.0 76.3 74.9 76.3 76.3 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.7

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.0 260.9 259.8 260.4 431.1 435.6 432.6 438.2 29.4 32.4 30.1 33.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 46.0 45.0 45.8 87.8 91.8 88.9 93.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.2

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.5 368.7 364.1 368.8 671.6 676.5 673.1 675.0 53.5 55.2 54.0 55.5

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917.9 948.2 920.6 946.6 2,675.4 2,754.9 2,675.5 2,761.3 226.3 239.4 228.8 240.9

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.7 152.9 150.9 153.1 310.8 312.5 311.4 310.4 44.4 45.1 45.1 46.0

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.9 28.1 28.9 28.1 51.6 52.4 51.7 52.0 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.5

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.6 245.1 244.1 245.2 657.4 657.8 659.5 661.8 69.1 70.8 69.4 71.5

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.7 272.0 266.8 276.3 606.0 614.5 608.3 618.7 166.5 168.2 168.7 167.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 45.4 47.2 45.6 122.1 122.2 121.9 122.5 7.8 8.0 7.8 7.9

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.0 482.2 477.6 478.8 544.2 548.4 547.9 553.5 45.4 44.7 45.6 44.5

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 10.5 10.0 10.4 51.4 51.5 51.8 52.3 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.1 83.0 80.8 83.2 180.1 184.3 180.2 184.9 17.1 16.7 17.0 16.6

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services

April May April May April May

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.0 103.6 101.3 103.4 261.3 268.0 261.2 267.5 245.7 254.2 245.5 254.1

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 11.2 11.1 11.3 26.5 27.7 27.6 28.6 50.4 50.9 50.4 51.0

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.4 250.0 248.2 246.2 468.9 477.2 467.3 470.0 478.7 502.0 478.2 499.6

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 70.2 70.4 71.0 151.7 152.9 152.5 153.4 197.9 203.5 198.7 204.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.6 847.8 844.5 848.8 2,862.6 2,893.4 2,860.1 2,903.3 2,924.6 3,080.7 2,931.0 3,087.1

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.8 172.1 182.2 170.6 483.6 493.7 486.8 493.5 354.3 354.1 354.0 355.0

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.1 114.1 118.2 114.5 223.0 224.6 223.2 225.7 342.6 354.2 341.1 351.1

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 50.2 48.0 50.3 66.3 67.9 66.0 68.0 79.7 79.8 79.7 80.3

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 28.1 27.4 28.3 172.6 173.2 173.6 174.0 123.4 124.0 121.1 123.7

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.3 676.0 662.3 679.7 1,572.3 1,620.8 1,574.4 1,627.9 1,382.9 1,471.4 1,383.3 1,476.6

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.7 278.5 272.0 281.2 778.2 774.5 775.9 773.1 622.9 658.2 623.7 661.9

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 27.2 27.7 27.1 71.6 73.2 71.0 72.8 86.7 86.7 86.3 87.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 41.3 40.9 40.7 106.9 110.2 108.0 111.2 120.4 126.1 120.7 127.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.3 408.9 400.7 411.1 967.5 966.1 971.3 968.8 928.9 968.2 929.4 968.6

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.2 149.3 146.8 150.8 366.3 377.6 366.1 380.3 471.5 486.8 471.8 485.8

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.2 108.4 108.4 108.5 146.0 144.0 145.8 143.5 228.5 238.9 225.1 239.1

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 76.0 75.8 76.9 180.4 184.6 179.6 182.8 198.2 206.1 198.8 204.2

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.7 94.8 96.9 94.2 226.5 230.3 226.7 229.6 285.7 296.3 286.0 297.6

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.6 93.0 88.8 93.7 222.7 222.6 220.7 222.8 321.7 337.5 322.5 336.9

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 33.8 33.7 34.0 76.0 76.0 76.3 77.3 126.1 128.8 125.1 128.5

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.5 134.3 134.5 133.3 474.6 469.4 475.9 471.9 443.3 460.3 443.6 458.5

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.2 231.0 225.1 231.2 631.9 654.5 632.1 654.0 811.6 840.6 803.4 832.0

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.2 227.3 234.1 228.7 662.1 662.2 666.7 675.4 659.9 680.7 660.7 680.0

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.6 189.0 191.1 189.0 384.7 385.3 388.5 392.6 548.5 561.9 547.8 565.3

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.9 44.4 44.1 44.1 117.4 115.4 116.4 116.9 143.0 150.3 143.4 151.5

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.0 186.2 185.0 186.0 384.8 394.0 384.5 399.0 489.7 500.5 490.1 495.7

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 28.7 28.1 28.6 49.2 49.7 49.9 50.0 81.2 83.3 81.2 84.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 69.8 71.2 69.6 121.4 120.1 121.6 118.0 155.6 160.6 155.3 161.7

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.0 75.7 76.7 75.4 209.5 220.4 208.9 222.0 157.0 167.6 157.8 169.6

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.2 34.5 34.6 94.8 103.8 95.4 103.2 124.7 125.4 123.1 126.0

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257.7 257.3 259.1 258.4 723.4 721.0 727.8 724.4 729.3 772.7 733.3 780.9

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 34.7 35.0 34.8 114.9 120.1 114.7 117.8 141.9 146.6 142.0 146.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.7 728.9 719.9 731.6 1,350.0 1,379.7 1,356.4 1,386.8 2,166.0 2,236.4 2,153.7 2,232.5

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289.6 295.1 291.7 294.3 732.3 750.2 733.1 748.6 650.2 677.7 651.0 678.1

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 24.4 24.3 24.2 33.9 35.0 34.4 34.6 66.8 68.2 66.6 68.0

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316.6 319.9 318.1 318.9 743.2 738.1 746.6 739.7 901.3 930.5 902.0 932.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.5 81.1 80.8 80.4 201.8 204.4 202.8 205.9 240.4 247.3 240.6 246.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.1 105.9 105.3 107.8 263.1 270.6 262.8 271.5 304.5 314.6 303.4 313.0

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.5 338.8 332.6 339.8 842.7 862.8 845.6 866.6 1,268.1 1,316.5 1,262.8 1,303.3

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 35.0 35.3 35.3 71.1 67.7 71.4 67.8 107.2 105.8 106.6 105.2

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.5 120.6 117.6 122.0 306.4 311.3 308.2 314.8 263.5 276.4 264.4 279.0

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 27.8 28.0 27.5 36.6 37.3 36.9 38.2 75.3 76.9 75.4 76.5

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.3 173.6 175.1 174.9 462.4 469.9 462.3 467.3 448.7 467.3 447.2 468.7

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.5 903.1 872.7 907.0 2,050.5 2,115.5 2,055.8 2,136.5 1,787.4 1,873.1 1,792.0 1,876.9

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 96.4 98.0 96.6 245.2 251.2 247.0 253.6 227.3 233.8 222.0 230.5

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 31.8 32.6 32.0 33.1 63.5 63.0 61.8 62.1

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.3 216.4 216.0 216.4 800.6 810.9 800.8 818.0 557.2 575.4 548.2 575.7

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.8 168.0 165.4 170.5 541.2 558.0 544.3 555.7 515.0 540.9 513.7 545.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 25.3 25.4 25.4 72.5 72.5 72.6 72.0 127.6 129.3 127.6 129.5

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.9 161.2 158.4 159.8 326.6 324.7 328.1 326.3 455.7 468.2 456.3 465.6

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 11.8 11.4 11.5 20.1 20.0 20.6 20.5 29.0 29.8 28.8 30.0

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 46.7 46.2 47.0 136.3 144.5 135.3 144.4 120.6 125.4 120.9 126.0

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjustedContinued

[In thousands]

State

Leisure and hospitality Other services Government

April May April May April May

2022 2023 2022 2023p

2022 2023 2022 2023p2022 2023 2022 2023p

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.3 203.1 199.3 204.0 99.1 102.0 99.1 103.1 393.2 399.6 393.5 400.1

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 33.0 36.1 38.7 11.0 11.5 11.2 11.6 78.5 80.1 78.3 80.2

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.9 347.9 337.8 347.9 97.9 94.3 98.2 95.4 417.7 431.4 413.2 426.9

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.5 131.9 124.0 135.0 71.3 73.4 71.4 74.5 211.8 213.3 211.6 212.9

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,912.3 2,033.6 1,940.2 2,057.8 562.2 580.0 566.0 588.1 2,555.4 2,607.7 2,571.9 2,623.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.6 352.5 330.7 351.4 123.1 122.7 124.7 126.6 451.7 467.7 455.5 472.4

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.9 148.5 152.8 160.7 60.5 61.5 61.0 63.0 230.5 233.2 230.3 233.5

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 50.3 50.7 54.7 18.8 18.7 18.7 18.5 68.3 69.7 67.7 69.1

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 75.6 68.3 76.7 66.4 69.3 66.3 70.1 238.1 233.0 236.9 233.7

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,251.8 1,322.3 1,249.2 1,320.7 342.7 350.9 342.6 350.0 1,106.0 1,131.9 1,099.3 1,123.9

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.5 519.2 488.9 527.4 162.6 170.6 163.0 170.6 676.6 691.6 677.4 689.6

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.8 118.3 110.7 118.1 26.2 27.1 26.0 26.8 122.3 125.9 122.8 126.1

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.7 89.3 88.2 91.2 27.0 27.7 27.1 28.4 127.4 134.0 127.9 133.4

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.7 583.9 574.4 603.7 245.0 250.3 246.6 251.6 795.2 821.9 796.9 828.0

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.8 319.2 306.9 324.5 124.4 129.6 126.5 131.4 417.2 426.0 421.0 431.6

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.1 139.6 139.5 144.4 55.4 55.2 55.6 56.6 260.6 265.9 261.7 266.4

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.1 132.9 129.6 134.9 50.2 50.0 50.3 50.5 255.7 260.0 256.9 261.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.8 201.1 198.8 203.7 65.8 68.2 66.2 69.1 301.9 308.4 302.3 309.3

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209.1 218.8 212.8 220.9 70.8 69.9 71.3 70.0 313.6 320.0 313.5 320.0

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 58.5 66.6 66.8 21.7 22.1 21.8 22.0 100.7 100.9 100.3 101.9

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.5 250.9 253.3 260.3 105.9 108.5 106.3 108.9 518.7 533.2 521.8 535.6

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.5 344.2 351.5 363.1 132.5 136.5 134.0 137.4 455.2 465.1 457.6 467.4

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390.2 397.2 413.1 427.3 162.6 159.4 164.2 161.8 595.7 618.0 585.2 607.2

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.1 261.2 260.2 279.2 106.4 106.3 107.1 108.1 412.9 421.2 412.7 422.9

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.8 136.6 134.5 137.4 39.5 39.2 39.4 39.3 233.4 235.1 232.1 234.0

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.6 309.6 305.1 320.3 113.0 116.5 114.3 118.2 432.3 436.7 432.6 436.6

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 69.1 69.8 71.0 19.2 19.7 19.4 19.7 91.5 91.4 92.4 91.8

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.6 96.4 93.2 98.1 36.7 39.2 36.7 38.6 171.9 174.2 173.5 175.4

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.9 353.9 337.7 357.0 42.4 40.8 42.5 41.2 168.5 176.3 169.6 176.9

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.0 67.4 69.9 70.3 23.8 24.1 24.1 24.3 88.8 89.6 87.7 88.8

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.0 382.1 380.7 404.1 163.6 166.8 166.0 170.5 593.5 594.0 590.4 594.2

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.7 96.3 94.5 99.3 28.3 28.4 28.3 28.4 181.8 185.5 181.2 185.9

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831.0 892.0 875.4 945.9 379.0 389.5 381.9 393.5 1,435.2 1,458.8 1,436.6 1,458.9

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.6 520.1 509.4 536.8 166.4 174.7 168.1 174.1 733.9 745.0 739.8 748.9

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.7 39.4 39.1 41.5 14.6 15.0 14.7 15.3 82.4 83.7 83.5 83.8

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.0 554.7 556.6 580.3 205.7 217.6 207.8 223.3 779.5 782.7 778.3 779.2

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.5 183.8 174.7 185.6 66.4 66.8 66.7 67.8 354.3 358.3 354.6 359.0

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.9 201.8 198.0 207.6 61.3 65.0 61.6 65.5 297.4 309.4 299.5 311.7

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527.6 555.2 549.2 577.0 247.5 251.7 249.3 255.3 688.4 697.5 683.7 694.2

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 53.9 58.5 57.0 21.2 21.5 21.5 21.8 63.9 65.4 64.3 65.8

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.3 276.4 270.3 285.6 81.6 81.7 82.1 83.0 368.4 378.4 368.1 374.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5 47.0 49.3 50.0 17.3 17.5 17.7 17.5 80.6 81.8 81.4 82.5

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.9 357.9 347.6 363.3 125.1 128.8 126.0 129.3 443.4 454.9 439.4 450.2

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,398.7 1,472.7 1,418.2 1,484.6 441.4 473.0 448.0 476.1 2,003.6 2,064.1 2,004.4 2,068.7

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.6 171.3 160.2 176.3 43.7 48.6 43.8 48.1 255.8 262.9 258.8 266.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 30.8 30.3 31.1 9.7 9.9 9.8 9.7 54.3 56.5 54.4 54.6

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.1 407.7 393.5 417.8 189.2 195.7 190.1 193.0 722.6 738.5 716.8 731.0

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.9 343.4 328.2 346.2 118.9 125.8 119.8 124.3 566.1 585.1 568.9 585.1

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 68.6 71.4 72.1 24.1 24.9 24.2 24.8 149.1 150.1 158.4 149.6

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257.7 262.6 272.6 273.7 144.2 149.4 145.0 151.2 407.0 415.8 398.4 409.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 35.4 36.5 36.3 15.9 16.4 15.9 16.8 67.6 68.8 68.4 70.0

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2 92.5 84.7 92.6 18.7 19.1 18.8 19.1 194.2 200.9 193.2 200.4

Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 10.9 10.9 10.8 10.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are

preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.
TEXAS

N.M.

CALIF.

NEV.

MONT.

ARIZ.

ORE.

S.D.

WYO.

KAN. MO.

N.D.

COLO.

NEB.

GA.

UTAH ILL.

MINN.

LA.

PA.

IDAHO

FLA.

N.Y.

KY.

WIS.

N.C.

VA.

OKLA.

ALA.

ARK.

IOWA

WASH.

IND.

MISS.

OHIO

S.C.

MICH.

TENN.

MAINE

W.VA.

VT.

MD.

N.H.

Map 1. Unemployment rates by state, seasonally adjusted, 

May 2023

(U.S. rate = 3.7 percent)

HAWAII

ALASKA

D.C.

!

MASS.

! CONN.

!

R.I.

!

DEL.

!

N.J.

4.0% or higher

3.5% to 3.9%

3.0% to 3.4%

2.5% to 2.9%

2.4% or lower
WASH.

ORE.

CALIF.

IDAHO

NEV.

ARIZ.

MONT.

WYO.

COLO.

N.M.

N.D.

S.D.

NEB.

KAN.

OKLA.

TEXAS

MINN.

IOWA

MO.

ARK.

LA.

WIS.

ILL.

MICH.

IND. OHIO

KY.

TENN.

MISS. ALA. GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA. W.VA.

PA.

N.Y.

MAINE

N.H.

VT.

MASS.

R.I.

N.J.

CONN.

DEL.

FLA.

MD. UTAH

ALASKA

HAWAII

D.C.

3.5% and above

2.5% to 3.4%

2.0% to 2.4%

1.0% to 1.9%

Below 1.0%

Map 2. Percentage change in nonfarm employment by state,

seasonally adjusted, May 2022 - May 2023