For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, October 16, 2018 USDL-18-1660

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2018

The number of job openings reached a series high of 7.1 million on the last business day of August, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little 

changed at 5.8 million and 5.7 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 

2.4 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the job openings level reached a series high of 7.1 million. The job 

openings rate was 4.6 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total nonfarm, total 

private, and government. Job openings increased in federal government (+15,000). The number of job 

openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires in August reached a series high of 5.8 million. The hires rate was 3.9 percent. The 

number of hires was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Hires were little 

changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.7 million in August. The total separations rate 

was 3.8 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

Total separations increased in state and local government education (+20,000). Total separations was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in August at 3.6 million. The quits rate was 2.4 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in wholesale 

trade (+24,000) but decreased in professional and business services (-82,000). The number of quits was 

little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges edged up to 1.8 million in August (+176,000). The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges edged up for total private

(+158,000) and was little changed for government. Layoffs and discharges increased in professional and 

business services (+117,000) and in state and local government education (+20,000), but decreased in 

health care and social assistance (-35,000). The number of layoffs and discharges increased in the West 

region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in August at 332,000. The other separations level 

was little changed for total private and unchanged for government. Other separations increased in real 

estate and rental and leasing (+8,000) and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+5,000), but decreased 

in professional and business services (-31,000). The number of other separations increased in the 

Northeast region but decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in August, hires totaled 67.0 million and 

separations totaled 64.7 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for September 2018 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, November 6, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,044 7,077 7,136 5,507 5,713 5,784 5,345 5,596 5,706

Total private....................................... 5,524 6,384 6,464 5,169 5,366 5,440 5,010 5,242 5,344

Mining and logging1............................ 29 33 31 31 38 41 21 33 34

Construction1................................... 215 275 298 399 373 358 362 337 328

Manufacturing.................................. 416 496 488 364 392 372 305 358 352

Durable goods1.............................. 229 289 286 214 231 207 176 195 197

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 186 207 202 150 161 165 129 162 155

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,107 1,333 1,279 1,035 1,142 1,213 1,016 1,130 1,223

Wholesale trade1............................ 199 261 238 147 134 163 146 125 149

Retail trade................................... 651 773 768 687 790 815 680 806 859

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 256 300 273 200 218 236 190 200 216

Information1

..................................... 122 146 149 81 76 73 83 79 80

Financial activities.............................. 331 396 426 210 215 219 209 225 228

Finance and insurance..................... 263 309 339 134 136 139 128 145 142

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 68 88 86 77 79 80 80 80 86

Professional and business services......... 1,038 1,244 1,318 1,156 1,180 1,177 1,119 1,118 1,124

Education and health services............... 1,192 1,247 1,272 684 701 693 644 664 642

Educational services1

....................... 109 120 129 102 104 89 75 97 86

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,083 1,127 1,143 582 598 604 569 566 556

Leisure and hospitality........................ 838 993 984 1,002 1,065 1,061 1,005 1,058 1,077

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 86 93 86 166 146 173 168 138 172

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 752 900 898 836 918 888 836 920 904

Other services1

................................. 236 220 219 208 184 233 247 240 255

Government....................................... 520 693 673 338 347 343 336 354 363

Federal1

......................................... 69 96 111 29 33 33 38 34 31

State and local................................. 452 597 562 309 314 310 297 320 331

State and local education.................. 153 213 200 152 157 162 136 160 180

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 298 383 363 157 157 148 161 160 151

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.0 4.5 4.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.8

Total private....................................... 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.2

Mining and logging1

............................ 4.0 4.3 4.0 4.5 5.2 5.5 3.1 4.5 4.6

Construction1

................................... 3.0 3.7 3.9 5.7 5.1 4.9 5.2 4.7 4.5

Manufacturing.................................. 3.2 3.8 3.7 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.8

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.9 3.5 3.5 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.8 4.2 4.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 2.7 3.4 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.9 4.6 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.4 3.7 4.1 4.4

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.3 4.2 3.8 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.5

Retail trade................................... 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.3 5.0 5.1 4.3 5.1 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.3 4.9 4.4 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.3 3.4 3.7

Information1

..................................... 4.2 5.0 5.1 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.9

Financial activities.............................. 3.8 4.4 4.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance..................... 4.0 4.6 5.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.8

Professional and business services......... 4.8 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3

Education and health services............... 4.9 5.0 5.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.9 3.1 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.0 2.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.2 5.4 5.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.9 5.7 5.7 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.5 3.8 3.5 7.1 6.2 7.4 7.2 5.9 7.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.2 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.6 6.4

Other services1

................................. 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.1 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Government....................................... 2.3 3.0 2.9 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

Federal1

......................................... 2.4 3.3 3.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1

State and local................................. 2.3 3.0 2.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

State and local education.................. 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.7

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.2 4.0 3.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, and federal government data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total............................................... 6,044 6,840 6,659 6,822 7,077 7,136 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,524 6,263 6,052 6,183 6,384 6,464 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8

Mining and logging3....................... 29 27 34 27 33 31 4.0 3.6 4.5 3.5 4.3 4.0

Construction3

............................... 215 243 253 267 275 298 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9

Manufacturing.............................. 416 452 474 475 496 488 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.7

Durable goods3

.......................... 229 281 296 293 289 286 2.9 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods3

...................... 186 171 178 182 207 202 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,107 1,298 1,308 1,348 1,333 1,279 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 199 214 183 222 261 238 3.3 3.5 3.0 3.6 4.2 3.8

Retail trade............................... 651 771 793 842 773 768 3.9 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 256 313 332 285 300 273 4.3 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.9 4.4

Information3................................. 122 188 132 136 146 149 4.2 6.3 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.1

Financial activities......................... 331 335 350 352 396 426 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.7

Finance and insurance................. 263 237 262 244 309 339 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.7 4.6 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 68 98 88 108 88 86 3.0 4.2 3.8 4.6 3.8 3.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,038 1,254 1,159 1,155 1,244 1,318 4.8 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.9

Education and health services........... 1,192 1,287 1,248 1,295 1,247 1,272 4.9 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.1

Educational services3

................... 109 114 112 147 120 129 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.8 3.1 3.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,083 1,173 1,136 1,148 1,127 1,143 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 838 940 877 931 993 984 4.9 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.7 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 86 113 88 86 93 86 3.5 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 752 827 789 845 900 898 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.0

Other services3

............................. 236 239 218 198 220 219 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.6

Government................................... 520 577 607 639 693 673 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.9

Federal3

..................................... 69 82 97 115 96 111 2.4 2.9 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.8

State and local............................. 452 495 510 524 597 562 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.8

State and local education.............. 153 175 173 194 213 200 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.9

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 298 320 337 330 383 363 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 4.0 3.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,046 1,196 1,104 1,174 1,201 1,156 3.7 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0

South........................................... 2,125 2,405 2,414 2,429 2,565 2,689 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.7

Midwest........................................ 1,480 1,656 1,667 1,672 1,707 1,689 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9

West............................................ 1,394 1,582 1,474 1,547 1,604 1,603 4.0 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,507 5,581 5,747 5,677 5,713 5,784 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,169 5,236 5,404 5,328 5,366 5,440 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.3

Mining and logging......................... 31 39 42 41 38 41 4.5 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.5

Construction................................ 399 347 386 360 373 358 5.7 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.9

Manufacturing.............................. 364 358 356 360 392 372 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9

Durable goods........................... 214 213 208 207 231 207 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.6

Nondurable goods....................... 150 145 149 153 161 165 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,035 1,109 1,099 1,120 1,142 1,213 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.4

Wholesale trade......................... 147 128 130 135 134 163 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.7

Retail trade............................... 687 759 738 755 790 815 4.3 4.8 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 200 222 231 230 218 236 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.0

Information.................................. 81 84 89 78 76 73 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.6

Financial activities......................... 210 194 202 247 215 219 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance................. 134 127 129 169 136 139 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.2 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 77 68 73 79 79 80 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,156 1,143 1,190 1,160 1,180 1,177 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6

Education and health services........... 684 687 723 712 701 693 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9

Educational services.................... 102 103 102 91 104 89 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.8 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 582 584 621 620 598 604 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,002 1,050 1,081 1,047 1,065 1,061 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 166 171 181 166 146 173 7.1 7.3 7.7 7.1 6.2 7.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 836 879 900 881 918 888 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.3

Other services.............................. 208 223 236 202 184 233 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.4 3.1 4.0

Government................................... 338 344 343 349 347 343 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 29 37 29 30 33 33 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

State and local............................. 309 308 314 320 314 310 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 152 155 147 165 157 162 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 157 153 167 155 157 148 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 788 806 854 898 936 892 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2

South........................................... 2,217 2,229 2,304 2,286 2,305 2,361 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,217 1,224 1,336 1,245 1,271 1,246 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.8

West............................................ 1,285 1,322 1,252 1,249 1,201 1,284 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.7

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,345 5,424 5,419 5,514 5,596 5,706 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,010 5,085 5,093 5,172 5,242 5,344 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 21 34 35 34 33 34 3.1 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6

Construction................................ 362 318 340 350 337 328 5.2 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5

Manufacturing.............................. 305 343 342 337 358 352 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8

Durable goods........................... 176 198 193 180 195 197 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 129 145 149 156 162 155 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,016 1,104 1,073 1,116 1,130 1,223 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.4

Wholesale trade......................... 146 136 119 131 125 149 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.5

Retail trade............................... 680 757 726 778 806 859 4.3 4.7 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 190 211 228 207 200 216 3.3 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.7

Information.................................. 83 85 92 81 79 80 3.0 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.9

Financial activities......................... 209 198 191 234 225 228 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance................. 128 122 120 154 145 142 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 80 76 71 79 80 86 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,119 1,114 1,143 1,132 1,118 1,124 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3

Education and health services........... 644 641 652 665 664 642 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7

Educational services.................... 75 91 95 71 97 86 2.0 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 569 549 557 594 566 556 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,005 1,050 1,038 1,018 1,058 1,077 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 168 176 166 173 138 172 7.2 7.5 7.1 7.4 5.9 7.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 836 874 872 845 920 904 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.6 6.4

Other services.............................. 247 199 188 207 240 255 4.3 3.4 3.2 3.5 4.1 4.3

Government................................... 336 339 326 341 354 363 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 38 35 31 32 34 31 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1

State and local............................. 297 304 295 309 320 331 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7

State and local education.............. 136 160 144 153 160 180 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 161 144 150 156 160 151 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 875 802 795 857 773 822 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.0

South........................................... 2,006 2,194 2,173 2,189 2,311 2,303 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,190 1,144 1,237 1,236 1,257 1,249 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8

West............................................ 1,276 1,285 1,214 1,232 1,256 1,332 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total............................................... 3,173 3,349 3,480 3,477 3,608 3,577 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,017 3,166 3,287 3,285 3,422 3,399 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7

Mining and logging......................... 11 22 23 21 21 19 1.6 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.6

Construction................................ 143 154 162 164 178 164 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 187 204 197 206 217 215 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Durable goods........................... 102 116 111 113 120 122 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

Nondurable goods....................... 84 88 86 93 96 93 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 656 688 737 751 730 759 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7

Wholesale trade......................... 95 84 86 79 78 102 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.7

Retail trade............................... 463 486 512 550 535 537 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 98 119 138 122 117 120 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0

Information.................................. 49 48 56 51 49 51 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8

Financial activities......................... 117 97 110 129 141 151 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8

Finance and insurance................. 70 45 66 78 77 89 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 47 52 44 52 64 62 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 652 671 692 723 709 627 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.0

Education and health services........... 390 433 468 440 449 467 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0

Educational services.................... 42 52 50 34 45 38 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 348 381 417 407 404 429 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 652 724 714 705 765 777 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 61 70 71 77 76 75 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 592 653 643 629 689 702 4.3 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.9 5.0

Other services3

............................. 160 125 129 95 163 168 2.8 2.1 2.2 1.6 2.8 2.9

Government................................... 156 184 193 192 187 178 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

Federal...................................... 15 16 15 14 14 13 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 140 168 178 178 172 165 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8

State and local education.............. 67 90 93 92 91 87 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 73 78 85 86 82 78 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 455 460 471 460 442 429 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 1,242 1,385 1,457 1,432 1,504 1,472 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7

Midwest........................................ 679 717 775 819 824 827 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5

West............................................ 796 786 777 766 838 849 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total............................................... 1,805 1,731 1,618 1,652 1,622 1,798 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,686 1,640 1,538 1,568 1,520 1,678 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging3....................... 8 11 10 11 11 13 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.8

Construction................................ 209 156 159 176 151 154 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 96 118 124 111 120 117 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 63 69 69 55 60 64 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 33 49 55 56 60 53 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 296 343 262 290 329 400 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 43 43 21 37 34 42 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7

Retail trade............................... 176 220 163 184 230 278 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 77 80 79 70 66 80 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4

Information.................................. 28 29 25 22 24 25 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9

Financial activities......................... 60 72 72 68 57 53 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 31 50 46 44 43 38 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 29 22 26 23 15 15 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 407 386 383 341 326 443 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.1

Education and health services........... 196 165 146 172 167 132 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Educational services.................... 26 33 38 29 42 42 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 169 132 108 143 125 90 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 318 303 304 283 263 268 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 101 102 91 94 60 91 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.0 2.6 3.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 217 201 213 189 202 176 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3

Other services.............................. 69 59 51 94 72 73 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.2

Government................................... 119 91 80 84 102 120 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 13 6 7 6 7 7 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local............................. 106 85 73 78 95 113 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6

State and local education.............. 46 46 33 34 44 64 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 60 39 40 44 51 49 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 355 263 267 316 277 316 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2

South........................................... 636 680 610 632 685 706 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3

Midwest........................................ 434 366 392 334 347 370 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1

West............................................ 381 422 349 369 314 405 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total............................................... 367 344 321 384 365 332 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 306 279 268 319 300 267 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 2 2 1 2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2

Construction3

............................... 9 8 19 10 8 10 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 22 21 21 20 22 21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 11 13 13 13 15 11 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 12 8 8 7 7 10 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 65 73 74 75 71 64 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 8 10 12 15 14 5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 40 52 51 44 41 43 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 16 12 11 15 17 16 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 6 8 10 8 5 5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2

Financial activities......................... 32 29 9 37 27 23 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 27 27 8 33 25 14 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 5 2 1 4 1 9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 60 57 67 69 84 53 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services........... 58 43 39 52 48 42 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3

................... 7 6 6 8 10 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 51 36 32 44 38 36 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 34 24 19 29 30 32 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 6 4 4 3 1 6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3

Accommodation and food services3... 28 20 15 27 28 26 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 17 15 8 18 5 14 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2

Government................................... 61 65 52 65 65 65 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 10 13 8 12 13 12 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 51 52 44 53 53 53 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 23 25 19 27 25 29 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 29 28 25 26 27 25 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 65 78 57 80 54 78 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 128 128 106 124 122 125 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 76 60 70 83 86 52 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

West............................................ 99 77 88 97 103 78 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 6,164 7,439 7,291 4.0 4.8 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,623 6,695 6,595 4.3 5.0 4.9

Mining and logging............................................... 29 33 31 3.9 4.2 3.9

Construction....................................................... 215 275 298 2.9 3.5 3.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 416 496 488 3.2 3.7 3.7

Durable goods.................................................. 229 289 286 2.9 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 186 207 202 3.8 4.1 4.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,157 1,420 1,322 4.0 4.9 4.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 199 261 238 3.2 4.2 3.8

Retail trade..................................................... 702 859 810 4.2 5.1 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 256 300 273 4.3 4.9 4.5

Information........................................................ 122 146 149 4.2 5.0 5.1

Financial activities................................................ 319 412 422 3.6 4.5 4.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 252 324 335 3.8 4.8 5.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 68 88 86 2.9 3.7 3.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,056 1,314 1,357 4.9 5.9 6.0

Education and health services.................................. 1,187 1,304 1,266 4.9 5.3 5.1

Educational services.......................................... 109 120 129 3.1 3.4 3.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,078 1,184 1,137 5.2 5.6 5.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 886 1,076 1,044 5.0 5.9 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 89 95 90 3.3 3.4 3.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 797 980 954 5.3 6.4 6.2

Other services.................................................... 236 220 219 3.9 3.6 3.6

Government.......................................................... 541 745 696 2.5 3.4 3.2

Federal............................................................. 69 96 111 2.4 3.3 3.8

State and local.................................................... 472 648 585 2.5 3.4 3.1

State and local education..................................... 174 265 223 1.9 2.9 2.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 298 383 363 3.1 3.9 3.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,110 1,266 1,217 4.0 4.4 4.3

South................................................................. 2,104 2,759 2,686 3.8 4.8 4.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,528 1,749 1,737 4.5 5.0 5.0

West.................................................................. 1,422 1,666 1,651 4.0 4.6 4.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 6,116 6,172 6,440 4.2 4.1 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,504 5,780 5,805 4.4 4.5 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 34 42 45 4.9 5.5 5.9

Construction....................................................... 401 439 360 5.6 5.9 4.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 395 432 406 3.1 3.4 3.2

Durable goods.................................................. 227 248 219 2.9 3.1 2.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 167 184 188 3.5 3.8 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,050 1,133 1,260 3.8 4.1 4.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 147 149 166 2.5 2.5 2.8

Retail trade..................................................... 709 783 859 4.5 4.9 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 194 202 235 3.4 3.5 4.0

Information........................................................ 81 79 71 2.9 2.8 2.6

Financial activities................................................ 214 239 224 2.5 2.8 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 137 155 142 2.2 2.4 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 77 84 82 3.5 3.7 3.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,187 1,235 1,208 5.7 5.8 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 878 802 876 3.8 3.4 3.7

Educational services.......................................... 201 129 171 6.0 3.8 5.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 677 673 705 3.5 3.4 3.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,070 1,156 1,131 6.4 6.7 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 135 146 143 5.1 5.4 5.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 935 1,010 988 6.6 7.0 6.8

Other services.................................................... 193 223 223 3.3 3.8 3.8

Government.......................................................... 612 392 636 2.9 1.9 3.0

Federal............................................................. 28 34 35 1.0 1.2 1.2

State and local.................................................... 584 357 601 3.2 2.0 3.2

State and local education..................................... 429 171 457 4.7 1.9 5.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 155 187 144 1.7 2.0 1.5

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 828 1,074 930 3.1 3.9 3.4

South................................................................. 2,528 2,441 2,700 4.7 4.5 5.0

Midwest............................................................... 1,359 1,331 1,398 4.2 4.0 4.2

West.................................................................. 1,400 1,326 1,413 4.1 3.9 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 6,365 6,057 6,780 4.3 4.1 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,863 5,615 6,243 4.7 4.4 4.9

Mining and logging............................................... 23 37 38 3.4 4.9 5.0

Construction....................................................... 410 378 383 5.7 5.0 5.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 385 390 443 3.1 3.0 3.5

Durable goods.................................................. 222 223 252 2.9 2.8 3.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 163 167 191 3.4 3.5 4.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,138 1,145 1,353 4.1 4.1 4.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 167 136 174 2.8 2.3 2.9

Retail trade..................................................... 771 808 947 4.9 5.1 6.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 200 201 232 3.5 3.4 4.0

Information........................................................ 92 83 90 3.3 3.0 3.2

Financial activities................................................ 252 224 276 3.0 2.6 3.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 166 143 187 2.6 2.3 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 87 80 88 3.9 3.5 3.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,223 1,181 1,236 5.9 5.6 5.8

Education and health services.................................. 777 794 775 3.4 3.4 3.3

Educational services.......................................... 115 145 130 3.4 4.2 3.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 662 649 645 3.4 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,282 1,132 1,356 7.6 6.6 7.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 250 131 265 9.5 4.8 10.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,033 1,001 1,091 7.3 6.9 7.6

Other services.................................................... 279 251 294 4.8 4.2 5.0

Government.......................................................... 502 442 537 2.4 2.1 2.5

Federal............................................................. 42 32 36 1.5 1.2 1.3

State and local.................................................... 460 409 501 2.5 2.2 2.7

State and local education..................................... 197 242 255 2.2 2.7 2.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 263 168 246 2.8 1.8 2.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,088 828 1,022 4.0 3.0 3.7

South................................................................. 2,366 2,552 2,689 4.4 4.7 4.9

Midwest............................................................... 1,446 1,318 1,528 4.5 4.0 4.6

West.................................................................. 1,466 1,358 1,542 4.3 4.0 4.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 3,914 4,077 4,396 2.7 2.7 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,673 3,845 4,129 2.9 3.0 3.2

Mining and logging............................................... 14 24 23 2.0 3.3 3.0

Construction....................................................... 191 230 219 2.6 3.1 2.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 251 254 290 2.0 2.0 2.3

Durable goods.................................................. 133 145 160 1.7 1.8 2.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 118 109 130 2.5 2.3 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 792 778 911 2.9 2.8 3.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 114 84 127 1.9 1.4 2.1

Retail trade..................................................... 565 560 647 3.6 3.5 4.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 112 134 137 2.0 2.3 2.4

Information........................................................ 61 56 63 2.2 2.0 2.3

Financial activities................................................ 136 148 181 1.6 1.7 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 90 84 119 1.4 1.3 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 47 64 62 2.1 2.8 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 755 781 725 3.7 3.7 3.4

Education and health services.................................. 469 527 561 2.0 2.3 2.4

Educational services.......................................... 69 66 60 2.1 1.9 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 400 462 501 2.0 2.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 843 884 987 5.0 5.2 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 110 98 134 4.2 3.6 5.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 733 786 853 5.2 5.4 5.9

Other services.................................................... 160 163 168 2.8 2.7 2.8

Government.......................................................... 241 232 268 1.1 1.1 1.3

Federal............................................................. 21 14 18 0.7 0.5 0.6

State and local.................................................... 220 218 250 1.2 1.2 1.3

State and local education..................................... 113 126 137 1.2 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 108 92 113 1.2 1.0 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 577 496 540 2.1 1.8 2.0

South................................................................. 1,522 1,728 1,786 2.8 3.2 3.3

Midwest............................................................... 868 921 1,060 2.7 2.8 3.2

West.................................................................. 947 933 1,011 2.8 2.7 2.9

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 2,060 1,594 2,038 1.4 1.1 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,866 1,466 1,840 1.5 1.1 1.4

Mining and logging............................................... 8 11 13 1.1 1.5 1.8

Construction....................................................... 209 140 154 2.9 1.9 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 112 112 133 0.9 0.9 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 79 61 82 1.0 0.8 1.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 33 51 51 0.7 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 274 291 374 1.0 1.0 1.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 43 34 42 0.7 0.6 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 159 207 253 1.0 1.3 1.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 71 50 79 1.3 0.9 1.3

Information........................................................ 26 22 22 0.9 0.8 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 78 55 68 0.9 0.6 0.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 42 40 50 0.7 0.6 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 35 15 17 1.6 0.7 0.8

Professional and business services............................ 404 313 456 2.0 1.5 2.2

Education and health services.................................. 249 219 172 1.1 0.9 0.7

Educational services.......................................... 39 70 64 1.2 2.0 1.9

Health care and social assistance........................... 211 149 108 1.1 0.8 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 406 218 337 2.4 1.3 2.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 134 32 125 5.1 1.2 4.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 272 186 212 1.9 1.3 1.5

Other services.................................................... 102 83 111 1.7 1.4 1.9

Government.......................................................... 193 128 199 0.9 0.6 0.9

Federal............................................................. 12 6 7 0.4 0.2 0.3

State and local.................................................... 182 122 191 1.0 0.7 1.0

State and local education..................................... 59 79 84 0.6 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 123 43 107 1.3 0.5 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 446 271 405 1.7 1.0 1.5

South................................................................. 706 703 770 1.3 1.3 1.4

Midwest............................................................... 492 307 409 1.5 0.9 1.2

West.................................................................. 416 313 453 1.2 0.9 1.3

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Aug.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 390 386 346 0.3 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 323 304 275 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 1 0.3 0.1 0.2

Construction....................................................... 9 8 10 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 22 23 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 10 17 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 12 7 10 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 72 76 68 0.3 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 10 18 6 0.2 0.3 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 46 41 46 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 16 17 16 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 6 5 5 0.2 0.2 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 39 21 27 0.5 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 34 19 18 0.5 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 5 1 9 0.2 0.1 0.4

Professional and business services............................ 64 87 55 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 58 48 42 0.3 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 7 10 7 0.2 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 51 38 36 0.3 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 34 30 32 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 6 1 6 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 28 28 26 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 17 5 14 0.3 0.1 0.2

Government.......................................................... 67 82 71 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal............................................................. 9 12 11 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 58 70 60 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local education..................................... 26 37 34 0.3 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 32 33 26 0.3 0.4 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 64 61 77 0.2 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 138 122 133 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 86 91 59 0.3 0.3 0.2

West.................................................................. 103 111 77 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.