For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, August 6, 2019 USDL-19-1431

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2019

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.3 million on the last business day of June, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 

5.7 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 

percent, and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the job openings level was little changed at 7.3 million. The job 

openings rate was 4.6 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 

government. The job openings level increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+38,000) as well as 

state and local government education (+20,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all 

four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.7 million in June. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 

number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in 

accommodation and food services (+76,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions.

(See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.5 million in June. The total separations rate was 

3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. The

total separations level increased in accommodation and food services (+101,000). The number of total 

separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in June at 3.4 million. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The quits 

level was little changed for total private and decreased for government (-19,000). Quits decreased in 

transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-35,000) and state and local government, excluding education 

(-14,000), but increased in construction (+34,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four 

regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in June at 1.7 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and 

for government. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in professional and business services

(-89,000) as well as arts, entertainment, and recreation (-38,000), but increased in accommodation and 

food services (+74,000). The layoffs and discharges level decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 

5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in June. The other separations level edged up for 

total private (+43,000) and was little changed for government. Other separations increased in other 

services (+18,000), accommodation and food services (+14,000), and information (+6,000). The number 

of other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 69.4 million and 

separations totaled 66.9 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2019 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, September 10, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,393 7,384 7,348 5,833 5,760 5,702 5,565 5,557 5,481

Total private....................................... 6,752 6,680 6,629 5,460 5,398 5,351 5,210 5,208 5,146

Mining and logging1............................ 28 30 31 43 27 21 35 24 23

Construction1................................... 323 376 347 378 387 414 370 390 410

Manufacturing.................................. 475 503 503 370 340 324 342 334 318

Durable goods1.............................. 296 320 319 212 193 195 182 188 183

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 178 183 183 157 147 128 160 147 135

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,505 1,352 1,408 1,140 1,161 1,166 1,127 1,134 1,097

Wholesale trade............................. 210 220 214 135 164 156 130 148 153

Retail trade................................... 1,003 815 888 765 770 795 779 768 760

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 292 317 306 239 227 216 219 219 183

Information1

..................................... 130 107 105 92 99 87 97 91 93

Financial activities.............................. 381 352 375 238 217 213 229 211 213

Finance and insurance..................... 280 266 251 163 139 125 157 134 123

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 101 86 124 75 78 88 72 78 89

Professional and business services......... 1,271 1,313 1,329 1,212 1,172 1,100 1,151 1,139 1,055

Education and health services............... 1,321 1,329 1,342 695 675 680 641 622 613

Educational services1

....................... 145 122 125 98 98 98 68 95 91

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,176 1,207 1,217 598 577 582 573 527 522

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,071 1,027 934 1,078 1,100 1,142 1,018 1,047 1,115

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 161 110 99 190 167 133 195 173 141

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 910 916 835 888 933 1,009 823 874 975

Other services.................................. 246 292 256 215 220 204 200 215 209

Government....................................... 641 704 719 373 361 351 355 349 335

Federal1

......................................... 115 110 105 33 32 33 31 34 34

State and local................................. 526 595 613 341 329 318 323 315 301

State and local education.................. 190 212 232 175 171 171 161 178 175

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 336 383 382 166 158 147 163 137 126

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.7 4.7 4.6 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6

Total private....................................... 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.7 3.8 4.0 5.9 3.5 2.8 4.8 3.2 3.0

Construction1

................................... 4.2 4.8 4.4 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.2 5.5

Manufacturing.................................. 3.6 3.8 3.8 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.6 3.8 3.8 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.4 3.1 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 5.2 4.6 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9

Wholesale trade............................. 3.5 3.6 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.6

Retail trade................................... 6.0 4.9 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.0

Information1

..................................... 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.3

Financial activities.............................. 4.3 3.9 4.2 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5

Finance and insurance..................... 4.2 4.0 3.8 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 4.3 3.6 5.1 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.9

Professional and business services......... 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.3 4.9

Education and health services............... 5.3 5.2 5.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5

Educational services1

....................... 3.7 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.8 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.6 5.6 5.6 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................ 6.1 5.8 5.3 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.2 6.3 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 6.3 4.3 3.9 8.0 6.8 5.4 8.2 7.0 5.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.1 6.0 5.5 6.4 6.6 7.1 5.9 6.1 6.8

Other services.................................. 4.0 4.7 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

Government....................................... 2.8 3.0 3.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 3.9 3.8 3.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2

State and local................................. 2.6 2.9 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.5 4.0 3.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.4

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

Total............................................... 7,393 7,142 7,474 7,372 7,384 7,348 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,752 6,437 6,772 6,635 6,680 6,629 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9

Mining and logging3....................... 28 27 28 32 30 31 3.7 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.8 4.0

Construction3

............................... 323 287 364 434 376 347 4.2 3.7 4.7 5.5 4.8 4.4

Manufacturing.............................. 475 480 461 496 503 503 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.8

Durable goods3

.......................... 296 305 304 318 320 319 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8

Nondurable goods3

...................... 178 175 158 179 183 183 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,505 1,340 1,385 1,435 1,352 1,408 5.2 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.8

Wholesale trade......................... 210 220 220 262 220 214 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.2 3.6 3.5

Retail trade............................... 1,003 861 825 818 815 888 6.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 292 258 340 355 317 306 4.7 4.1 5.3 5.5 4.9 4.8

Information3................................. 130 133 137 130 107 105 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.4 3.7 3.6

Financial activities......................... 381 334 356 354 352 375 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.2

Finance and insurance................. 280 268 234 224 266 251 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.4 4.0 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 101 65 122 130 86 124 4.3 2.8 5.0 5.3 3.6 5.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,271 1,424 1,413 1,260 1,313 1,329 5.7 6.3 6.2 5.6 5.8 5.8

Education and health services........... 1,321 1,212 1,355 1,254 1,329 1,342 5.3 4.8 5.3 4.9 5.2 5.2

Educational services3................... 145 100 111 147 122 125 3.7 2.6 2.9 3.7 3.1 3.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,176 1,112 1,244 1,107 1,207 1,217 5.6 5.2 5.8 5.2 5.6 5.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,071 988 1,035 1,022 1,027 934 6.1 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 161 106 106 105 110 99 6.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 910 882 929 917 916 835 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.5

Other services.............................. 246 214 238 217 292 256 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.5 4.7 4.1

Government................................... 641 705 702 737 704 719 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1

Federal3

..................................... 115 130 117 151 110 105 3.9 4.5 4.0 5.1 3.8 3.6

State and local............................. 526 575 585 587 595 613 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0

State and local education.............. 190 224 228 215 212 232 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 336 350 357 372 383 382 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.9

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,262 1,201 1,224 1,065 1,271 1,250 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.3

South........................................... 2,696 2,698 2,846 2,827 2,754 2,703 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7

Midwest........................................ 1,776 1,641 1,729 1,796 1,697 1,716 5.1 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.9

West............................................ 1,658 1,602 1,675 1,684 1,662 1,679 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

Total............................................... 5,833 5,695 5,697 5,991 5,760 5,702 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,460 5,333 5,345 5,613 5,398 5,351 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 43 35 39 28 27 21 5.9 4.6 5.2 3.7 3.5 2.8

Construction................................ 378 367 364 420 387 414 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.6 5.2 5.5

Manufacturing.............................. 370 351 357 367 340 324 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.5

Durable goods........................... 212 192 190 212 193 195 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods....................... 157 159 167 155 147 128 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,140 1,143 1,094 1,146 1,161 1,166 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 135 147 134 156 164 156 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.6

Retail trade............................... 765 744 725 756 770 795 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 239 252 235 234 227 216 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.5

Information.................................. 92 85 95 87 99 87 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.1

Financial activities......................... 238 197 191 235 217 213 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 163 133 131 144 139 125 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 75 64 60 91 78 88 3.3 2.8 2.6 3.9 3.4 3.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,212 1,175 1,173 1,253 1,172 1,100 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.9 5.5 5.1

Education and health services........... 695 715 720 726 675 680 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8

Educational services.................... 98 99 93 108 98 98 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 598 617 627 618 577 582 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,078 1,079 1,106 1,129 1,100 1,142 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 190 178 171 161 167 133 8.0 7.2 6.9 6.5 6.8 5.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 888 901 935 968 933 1,009 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.6 7.1

Other services.............................. 215 186 205 223 220 204 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.4

Government................................... 373 362 352 379 361 351 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 33 36 39 38 32 33 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2

State and local............................. 341 326 313 340 329 318 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local education.............. 175 169 170 171 171 171 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 166 157 144 170 158 147 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 942 884 895 944 957 894 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2

South........................................... 2,310 2,360 2,342 2,368 2,261 2,266 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,307 1,258 1,195 1,304 1,233 1,274 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8

West............................................ 1,273 1,193 1,265 1,374 1,308 1,268 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

Total............................................... 5,565 5,576 5,508 5,687 5,557 5,481 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,210 5,206 5,171 5,335 5,208 5,146 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0

Mining and logging......................... 35 37 38 31 24 23 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.1 3.2 3.0

Construction................................ 370 364 350 405 390 410 5.1 4.9 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.5

Manufacturing.............................. 342 347 364 357 334 318 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.5

Durable goods........................... 182 192 204 205 188 183 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 160 154 161 152 147 135 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,127 1,114 1,115 1,137 1,134 1,097 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9

Wholesale trade......................... 130 141 138 136 148 153 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6

Retail trade............................... 779 720 738 781 768 760 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 219 253 239 219 219 183 3.7 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.0

Information.................................. 97 89 91 105 91 93 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.3

Financial activities......................... 229 182 172 225 211 213 2.7 2.1 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 157 140 120 135 134 123 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 72 42 51 90 78 89 3.2 1.8 2.2 3.9 3.4 3.9

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,151 1,122 1,150 1,174 1,139 1,055 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.3 4.9

Education and health services........... 641 710 683 637 622 613 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5

Educational services.................... 68 110 91 91 95 91 1.8 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 573 600 592 546 527 522 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,018 1,044 1,014 1,067 1,047 1,115 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 195 166 132 147 173 141 8.2 6.7 5.3 6.0 7.0 5.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 823 878 882 919 874 975 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.5 6.1 6.8

Other services.............................. 200 197 193 197 215 209 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5

Government................................... 355 370 337 353 349 335 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5

Federal...................................... 31 36 41 32 34 34 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2

State and local............................. 323 335 297 321 315 301 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 161 172 156 165 178 175 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 163 162 140 156 137 126 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 895 779 856 816 924 864 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.1

South........................................... 2,161 2,378 2,315 2,344 2,078 2,141 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.9

Midwest........................................ 1,237 1,203 1,160 1,236 1,216 1,228 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7

West............................................ 1,272 1,216 1,177 1,292 1,339 1,247 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

Total............................................... 3,354 3,447 3,461 3,516 3,478 3,433 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,160 3,259 3,278 3,327 3,277 3,251 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

Mining and logging......................... 20 21 23 19 15 12 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.6

Construction................................ 177 184 149 145 168 202 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.7

Manufacturing.............................. 205 211 222 224 203 195 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5

Durable goods........................... 110 118 118 130 114 115 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 95 93 104 93 89 80 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 746 729 738 744 784 729 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.6

Wholesale trade......................... 77 88 102 93 105 91 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5

Retail trade............................... 544 494 500 524 543 538 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 125 147 137 126 136 101 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.6

Information.................................. 50 48 52 58 57 55 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.9

Financial activities......................... 118 97 104 145 118 125 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 72 75 67 82 73 70 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 46 22 37 64 45 54 2.0 0.9 1.6 2.7 2.0 2.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 658 645 656 647 619 615 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9

Education and health services........... 413 461 467 425 406 411 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7

Educational services.................... 34 58 47 50 51 54 0.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 379 403 420 375 355 357 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 691 748 735 773 761 781 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 77 80 82 83 73 80 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.3

Accommodation and food services. .. 614 668 653 691 688 701 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.9

Other services.............................. 83 114 132 147 144 127 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.1

Government................................... 194 188 184 190 202 183 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Federal...................................... 14 17 22 15 16 15 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local............................. 180 171 162 175 186 168 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

State and local education.............. 92 96 94 90 103 100 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 89 75 68 85 82 68 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 478 425 513 448 496 497 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8

South........................................... 1,329 1,489 1,425 1,478 1,381 1,385 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5

Midwest........................................ 771 754 757 791 802 769 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3

West............................................ 775 779 767 799 799 782 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

Total............................................... 1,843 1,784 1,693 1,830 1,773 1,702 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,746 1,664 1,601 1,726 1,683 1,605 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2

Mining and logging......................... 14 14 15 11 8 8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0

Construction................................ 179 169 181 240 211 197 2.5 2.3 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.6

Manufacturing.............................. 117 118 122 111 112 103 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8

Durable goods........................... 60 61 76 64 61 58 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 57 56 46 47 51 45 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 308 324 326 351 297 314 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 37 42 30 36 34 54 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9

Retail trade............................... 195 190 207 234 194 191 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 76 92 88 80 70 69 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1

Information.................................. 39 30 24 33 28 27 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.0

Financial activities......................... 74 48 32 54 65 60 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 52 31 22 31 35 28 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 22 17 10 23 30 32 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 432 423 422 451 469 380 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.8

Education and health services........... 183 193 164 170 170 165 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 30 46 38 35 36 31 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 153 147 126 135 134 133 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 300 274 262 263 257 292 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 114 84 48 63 97 59 4.8 3.4 1.9 2.5 4.0 2.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 186 189 214 201 160 234 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.6

Other services.............................. 101 72 54 43 65 59 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.0

Government................................... 97 120 92 104 90 98 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 7 6 7 6 7 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 90 114 86 97 83 90 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local education.............. 44 53 38 52 50 52 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 46 61 48 46 33 37 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 348 282 291 325 371 293 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1

South........................................... 710 750 748 727 579 620 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1

Midwest........................................ 377 385 331 379 349 402 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2

West............................................ 408 368 322 398 474 388 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019p

Total............................................... 368 346 354 341 306 345 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 304 284 293 282 248 291 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 3 1 1 1 3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3

Construction3

............................... 14 11 21 21 10 12 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 20 18 21 22 19 20 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 13 10 10 13 11 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 7 5 11 12 6 9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 74 61 51 42 53 54 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 16 10 6 7 9 8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 39 36 30 24 31 32 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 19 14 15 12 13 13 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Information3................................. 8 11 15 15 5 11 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4

Financial activities......................... 38 37 35 26 28 28 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 33 34 31 23 26 25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 4 3 5 4 2 3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 62 55 72 75 51 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3

Education and health services........... 45 55 52 43 46 38 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 4 6 5 6 8 6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 41 49 46 37 39 32 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 27 22 18 30 29 42 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 1 3 2 3 2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services3... 24 21 14 28 26 40 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Other services3............................. 17 10 7 7 5 23 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4

Government................................... 64 62 61 60 58 55 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Federal...................................... 11 13 12 10 11 11 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 53 49 49 49 46 44 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 25 23 25 23 24 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 28 26 24 26 22 21 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 69 72 53 42 58 74 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

South........................................... 122 139 142 138 118 136 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 88 64 72 67 64 58 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 89 70 87 94 66 77 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

Total..................................................................... 7,286 7,277 7,225 4.6 4.6 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,613 6,581 6,473 4.9 4.9 4.7

Mining and logging............................................... 28 30 31 3.7 3.9 3.9

Construction....................................................... 323 376 347 4.1 4.7 4.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 475 503 503 3.6 3.8 3.7

Durable goods.................................................. 296 320 319 3.6 3.8 3.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 178 183 183 3.6 3.7 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,489 1,276 1,389 5.1 4.4 4.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 216 218 217 3.6 3.5 3.5

Retail trade..................................................... 981 742 866 5.8 4.5 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 292 317 306 4.7 5.0 4.8

Information........................................................ 130 107 105 4.4 3.7 3.6

Financial activities................................................ 365 335 357 4.1 3.7 3.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 264 249 232 4.0 3.8 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 101 86 124 4.2 3.6 5.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,244 1,302 1,291 5.6 5.7 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 1,271 1,277 1,289 5.1 5.0 5.1

Educational services.......................................... 145 122 125 4.0 3.1 3.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,126 1,155 1,164 5.4 5.4 5.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,070 1,086 930 5.9 6.0 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 146 138 93 5.1 5.1 3.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 924 948 837 6.1 6.2 5.4

Other services.................................................... 217 290 232 3.5 4.6 3.7

Government.......................................................... 673 696 753 2.9 3.0 3.2

Federal............................................................. 115 110 105 3.9 3.8 3.6

State and local.................................................... 558 586 647 2.8 2.8 3.2

State and local education..................................... 222 203 266 2.2 1.9 2.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 336 383 382 3.4 4.0 3.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,213 1,270 1,207 4.2 4.4 4.1

South................................................................. 2,691 2,692 2,672 4.7 4.6 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,742 1,701 1,681 5.0 4.9 4.8

West.................................................................. 1,640 1,614 1,665 4.5 4.4 4.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

Total..................................................................... 6,669 6,368 6,477 4.4 4.2 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,210 5,986 6,043 4.9 4.6 4.7

Mining and logging............................................... 48 29 24 6.5 3.9 3.2

Construction....................................................... 447 499 491 6.0 6.6 6.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 451 373 395 3.5 2.9 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 252 216 235 3.2 2.7 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 199 156 159 4.2 3.3 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,148 1,202 1,190 4.1 4.3 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 154 164 176 2.6 2.8 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 770 833 818 4.9 5.3 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 224 206 196 3.8 3.4 3.2

Information........................................................ 102 105 96 3.6 3.7 3.4

Financial activities................................................ 282 248 255 3.3 2.9 2.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 192 155 148 3.0 2.4 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 89 93 107 3.9 4.0 4.5

Professional and business services............................ 1,326 1,245 1,210 6.3 5.8 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 767 625 719 3.3 2.6 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 108 76 107 3.1 2.0 3.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 659 549 611 3.3 2.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,349 1,366 1,389 7.9 8.0 8.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 324 272 220 12.0 10.7 8.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,025 1,093 1,169 7.1 7.6 8.0

Other services.................................................... 291 295 274 4.9 4.9 4.6

Government.......................................................... 459 382 434 2.1 1.7 1.9

Federal............................................................. 39 37 38 1.4 1.3 1.4

State and local.................................................... 420 345 395 2.1 1.7 2.0

State and local education..................................... 144 110 141 1.4 1.0 1.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 276 234 255 2.9 2.5 2.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,160 1,127 1,093 4.2 4.1 3.9

South................................................................. 2,507 2,382 2,441 4.6 4.3 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,531 1,453 1,497 4.6 4.4 4.5

West.................................................................. 1,472 1,405 1,445 4.2 4.0 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

Total..................................................................... 5,855 5,615 5,795 3.9 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,300 5,190 5,251 4.2 4.0 4.0

Mining and logging............................................... 33 24 20 4.4 3.2 2.6

Construction....................................................... 335 371 376 4.5 4.9 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 352 340 322 2.8 2.7 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 189 189 187 2.4 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 163 151 135 3.4 3.2 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,100 1,110 1,070 4.0 4.0 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 132 143 156 2.3 2.4 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 757 777 749 4.8 4.9 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 211 191 166 3.5 3.1 2.7

Information........................................................ 98 91 94 3.4 3.2 3.3

Financial activities................................................ 234 211 225 2.7 2.4 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 161 135 129 2.5 2.1 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 73 76 96 3.2 3.3 4.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,175 1,173 1,061 5.6 5.5 4.9

Education and health services.................................. 758 649 736 3.2 2.7 3.1

Educational services.......................................... 131 122 165 3.7 3.2 4.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 627 526 571 3.1 2.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,004 1,007 1,133 5.9 5.9 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 159 132 125 5.9 5.2 4.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 844 875 1,008 5.9 6.1 6.9

Other services.................................................... 212 214 213 3.6 3.6 3.5

Government.......................................................... 555 425 544 2.5 1.9 2.4

Federal............................................................. 30 29 31 1.1 1.0 1.1

State and local.................................................... 525 396 513 2.7 2.0 2.6

State and local education..................................... 360 264 388 3.6 2.4 3.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 165 133 125 1.7 1.4 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 915 856 907 3.3 3.1 3.2

South................................................................. 2,304 2,175 2,274 4.2 3.9 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,278 1,212 1,287 3.9 3.6 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,358 1,373 1,327 3.9 3.9 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

Total..................................................................... 3,627 3,588 3,722 2.4 2.4 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,324 3,332 3,420 2.6 2.6 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 20 15 12 2.7 1.9 1.5

Construction....................................................... 180 162 206 2.4 2.2 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 217 212 204 1.7 1.7 1.6

Durable goods.................................................. 115 118 118 1.4 1.5 1.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 102 94 86 2.1 2.0 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 758 807 751 2.7 2.9 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 79 103 92 1.4 1.7 1.5

Retail trade..................................................... 555 580 561 3.5 3.7 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 123 124 98 2.1 2.1 1.6

Information........................................................ 48 59 53 1.7 2.1 1.9

Financial activities................................................ 125 119 130 1.4 1.4 1.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 79 74 75 1.2 1.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 46 45 54 2.0 2.0 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 698 624 644 3.3 2.9 3.0

Education and health services.................................. 461 407 468 2.0 1.7 1.9

Educational services.......................................... 55 54 88 1.5 1.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 406 353 380 2.0 1.7 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 726 780 822 4.3 4.6 4.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 85 67 88 3.2 2.6 3.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 640 713 735 4.5 4.9 5.0

Other services.................................................... 92 146 130 1.5 2.5 2.2

Government.......................................................... 302 256 303 1.4 1.1 1.3

Federal............................................................. 15 14 14 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local.................................................... 288 242 288 1.5 1.2 1.5

State and local education..................................... 192 148 215 1.9 1.4 2.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 96 94 73 1.0 1.0 0.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 499 509 535 1.8 1.8 1.9

South................................................................. 1,452 1,422 1,503 2.6 2.6 2.7

Midwest............................................................... 833 841 834 2.5 2.5 2.5

West.................................................................. 842 816 850 2.4 2.3 2.4

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

Total..................................................................... 1,804 1,715 1,673 1.2 1.1 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,673 1,609 1,538 1.3 1.2 1.2

Mining and logging............................................... 11 9 5 1.4 1.1 0.7

Construction....................................................... 141 199 159 1.9 2.6 2.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 114 109 98 0.9 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 60 58 57 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 54 51 41 1.1 1.1 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 272 247 268 1.0 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 37 34 54 0.6 0.6 0.9

Retail trade..................................................... 166 160 159 1.1 1.0 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 69 53 55 1.2 0.9 0.9

Information........................................................ 41 26 30 1.4 0.9 1.1

Financial activities................................................ 69 61 63 0.8 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 46 33 25 0.7 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 23 28 38 1.0 1.2 1.6

Professional and business services............................ 422 504 362 2.0 2.4 1.7

Education and health services.................................. 249 194 225 1.1 0.8 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 69 59 66 2.0 1.6 1.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 180 135 159 0.9 0.7 0.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 251 198 268 1.5 1.2 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 71 62 35 2.6 2.4 1.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 181 135 234 1.3 0.9 1.6

Other services.................................................... 104 63 59 1.7 1.1 1.0

Government.......................................................... 131 106 135 0.6 0.5 0.6

Federal............................................................. 5 4 6 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local.................................................... 126 101 129 0.6 0.5 0.7

State and local education..................................... 89 83 100 0.9 0.8 1.0

State and local, excluding education........................ 37 18 29 0.4 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 335 296 285 1.2 1.1 1.0

South................................................................. 709 624 613 1.3 1.1 1.1

Midwest............................................................... 349 302 390 1.1 0.9 1.2

West.................................................................. 411 493 386 1.2 1.4 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

June

2018

May

2019

June

2019p

Total..................................................................... 424 313 399 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 303 249 293 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 3 0.3 0.1 0.4

Construction....................................................... 14 10 12 0.2 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 21 19 21 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 14 12 12 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 7 6 9 0.2 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 70 56 51 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 16 6 10 0.3 0.1 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 35 37 28 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 19 13 13 0.3 0.2 0.2

Information........................................................ 8 5 11 0.3 0.2 0.4

Financial activities................................................ 40 30 32 0.5 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 36 28 28 0.6 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 4 2 3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 56 45 55 0.3 0.2 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 48 48 43 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 7 9 12 0.2 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 41 39 32 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 27 29 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 24 26 40 0.2 0.2 0.3

Other services.................................................... 17 5 23 0.3 0.1 0.4

Government.......................................................... 122 64 106 0.5 0.3 0.5

Federal............................................................. 11 10 10 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 111 54 96 0.6 0.3 0.5

State and local education..................................... 80 33 73 0.8 0.3 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 31 21 23 0.3 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 80 51 86 0.3 0.2 0.3

South................................................................. 143 129 158 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 97 68 64 0.3 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 105 64 91 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.