For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Friday, November 22, 2013 USDL-13-2196

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2013

There were 3.9 million job openings on the last business day of September, little changed from August, 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.4 percent) and separations rate (3.2

percent) were little changed in September. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job 

openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region.

Job Openings

There were 3.9 million job openings in September, little changed from August. (See table 1.) The 

number of job openings decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation and was little changed in all 

remaining industries and in all four regions.

The number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the year for total nonfarm and total 

private, and was little changed in government. Over the year, the number of job openings increased in 

several industries but decreased in nondurable goods manufacturing and federal government. The 

Midwest region experienced an increase in job openings over the 12 months ending in September. (See

table 7.)

Hires

The number of hires in September was 4.6 million, essentially unchanged from August. The number of 

hires was little changed for total private and government, as well as for all industries and all four 

regions. (See table 2.)

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

October 2010 - September 2013

2013 2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

Hires

Separations

Percent

2011 2012

Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

October 2010 - September 2013

2013
- 2 -

Over the 12 months ending in September, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) increased for

total nonfarm and total private, and changed little for government. The number of hires increased over 

the year in professional and business services and state and local government but declined in federal 

government. The hires level rose over the year in the Midwest and West regions. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 

due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.4 million total separations in September, little changed from August. The number of total 

separations for total private and government were little changed. (See table 3.)

In September, the quits rate was little changed at 1.7 percent for total nonfarm, 2.0 percent for total 

private, and 0.5 percent for government. The quits rate was little changed over the month for all 

industries and all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in September for 

total nonfarm and total private, and was little changed for government. The number of quits rose in 

several industries. Over the year, quits increased in the Midwest, South, and West regions. (See table 

10.)

The layoffs and discharges rate was essentially unchanged in September at 1.3 percent. The rates were

little changed over the month for total private (1.4 percent) and government (0.5 percent). The layoffs 

and discharges rate increased in September in the South region. Seasonally adjusted estimates of layoffs 

and discharges are not available for individual industries. (See table 5.)

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending 

in September for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The number of layoffs and discharges 

increased over the year ending in September for finance and insurance and for educational services; the 

number decreased in construction and federal government. The level was essentially unchanged in all 

four regions. (See table 11.)

In September, there were 357,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from August. The 

number of other separations was also little changed over the month for total private and government.

Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are not available for individual industries or regions. 

(See table 6.) Over the 12 months ending in September, the number of other separations was little 

changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in September 2013, hires totaled 52.7
- 3 -

million and separations totaled 50.8 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.9 million. These 

figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for October 2013 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, December 10, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total.................................................... 3,603 3,844 3,913 4,217 4,559 4,585 4,052 4,405 4,426

Total private1....................................... 3,216 3,459 3,531 3,934 4,261 4,293 3,806 4,138 4,154

Construction...................................... 83 109 113 337 298 295 336 297 271

Manufacturing.................................... 242 268 252 227 248 256 239 246 249

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 648 694 735 833 936 913 821 917 863

Retail trade..................................... 389 418 450 560 659 630 559 650 616

Professional and business services........... 609 658 672 857 979 1,012 846 947 967

Education and health services3

............... 712 732 725 493 556 525 438 516 509

Health care and social assistance.......... 644 668 647 413 461 452 374 431 434

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 378 514 494 712 749 773 678 720 771

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 48 76 51 100 106 117 105 101 122

Accommodation and food services......... 329 438 443 612 643 655 573 619 649

Government4....................................... 387 385 382 283 298 292 246 267 272

State and local................................... 317 339 334 251 273 268 213 235 241

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total.................................................... 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.2

Total private1

....................................... 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.6

Construction...................................... 1.4 1.8 1.9 6.0 5.1 5.1 6.0 5.1 4.7

Manufacturing.................................... 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities2........... 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.3

Retail trade..................................... 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.0

Professional and business services........... 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.8 5.3 5.4 4.7 5.1 5.2

Education and health services3............... 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance.......... 3.6 3.7 3.6 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.......................... 2.7 3.5 3.4 5.2 5.3 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation......... 2.4 3.6 2.4 5.1 5.2 5.8 5.3 5.0 6.0

Accommodation and food services......... 2.7 3.5 3.5 5.2 5.3 5.4 4.8 5.1 5.3

Government4

....................................... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

State and local................................... 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3

1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,400 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are 

available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total............................................. 3,603 3,907 3,869 3,808 3,844 3,913 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,216 3,479 3,459 3,402 3,459 3,531 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0

Construction............................... 83 102 120 99 109 113 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9

Manufacturing............................. 242 237 210 234 268 252 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 648 784 712 655 694 735 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.7

Retail trade.............................. 389 514 473 413 418 450 2.5 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.9

Professional and business services. . .. 609 632 685 664 658 672 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 712 660 665 670 732 725 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4

Health care and social assistance. .. 644 602 598 610 668 647 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 378 477 483 493 514 494 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 48 59 49 47 76 51 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.3 3.6 2.4

Accommodation and food services... 329 419 434 446 438 443 2.7 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Government7

................................ 387 428 411 406 385 382 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7

State and local............................ 317 367 356 357 339 334 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 657 654 658 619 682 692 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.6

South.......................................... 1,338 1,555 1,504 1,464 1,424 1,481 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9

Midwest....................................... 833 886 918 843 877 911 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9

West........................................... 776 812 789 881 861 829 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.7

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,217 4,490 4,318 4,497 4,559 4,585 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,934 4,206 4,036 4,219 4,261 4,293 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8

Construction............................... 337 317 309 307 298 295 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1

Manufacturing............................. 227 239 225 222 248 256 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 833 889 842 906 936 913 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.5

Retail trade.............................. 560 620 586 635 659 630 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.1

Professional and business services. . .. 857 890 928 1,001 979 1,012 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.4

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 493 541 470 530 556 525 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.5

Health care and social assistance. .. 413 468 403 452 461 452 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 712 802 793 753 749 773 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 100 124 133 114 106 117 5.1 6.1 6.5 5.6 5.2 5.8

Accommodation and food services... 612 678 660 639 643 655 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.4

Government7

................................ 283 284 282 277 298 292 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local............................ 251 258 253 253 273 268 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 760 724 671 663 729 709 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7

South.......................................... 1,709 1,760 1,714 1,761 1,822 1,806 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6

Midwest....................................... 913 1,036 945 1,105 1,038 1,067 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.4

West........................................... 835 971 988 968 970 1,004 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total.............................................. 4,052 4,381 4,228 4,273 4,405 4,426 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 3,806 4,081 3,913 3,992 4,138 4,154 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6

Construction............................... 336 306 310 292 297 271 6.0 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.7

Manufacturing............................. 239 249 224 238 246 249 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 821 883 789 838 917 863 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3

Retail trade.............................. 559 613 549 568 650 616 3.8 4.1 3.6 3.7 4.3 4.0

Professional and business services. . .. 846 848 891 934 947 967 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.2

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 438 544 480 490 516 509 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance. .. 374 477 413 426 431 434 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 678 734 740 731 720 771 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 105 108 107 119 101 122 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.9 5.0 6.0

Accommodation and food services... 573 626 633 612 619 649 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.3

Government7

................................ 246 300 315 281 267 272 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2

State and local............................ 213 261 281 247 235 241 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 700 695 679 685 735 671 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.6

South.......................................... 1,651 1,726 1,739 1,734 1,634 1,821 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.7

Midwest....................................... 883 986 887 894 1,032 988 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.2

West........................................... 818 974 923 961 1,003 946 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.2

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total.............................................. 1,976 2,233 2,205 2,342 2,364 2,342 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 1,870 2,098 2,063 2,208 2,240 2,231 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0

Construction............................... 77 103 106 100 102 91 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6

Manufacturing............................. 107 112 99 114 106 118 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. 446 453 461 459 527 527 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0

Retail trade.............................. 328 321 329 347 406 406 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.7

Professional and business services. . .. 372 418 455 541 490 487 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.6

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. 242 283 286 285 288 279 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

Health care and social assistance. .. 206 246 254 258 250 248 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 396 464 436 454 453 478 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 31 42 46 48 46 48 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4

Accommodation and food services... 364 422 390 406 407 430 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5

Government7

................................ 106 135 142 134 124 111 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5

State and local............................ 97 124 131 122 113 100 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 293 323 298 321 329 323 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

South.......................................... 860 964 934 1,006 993 977 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0

Midwest....................................... 436 494 525 525 524 563 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8

West........................................... 388 452 448 490 519 479 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total.............................................. 1,732 1,752 1,602 1,589 1,676 1,727 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 1,648 1,649 1,503 1,498 1,592 1,620 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 83 103 99 91 84 107 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... 337 302 309 307 337 283 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1

South.......................................... 658 625 647 608 525 722 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5

Midwest....................................... 364 416 277 294 439 340 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.1

West........................................... 373 410 370 380 376 381 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands)2 Rates3

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

May

2013

June

2013

July

2013

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total.............................................. 344 396 420 342 365 357 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private4................................ 287 333 347 286 306 303 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Construction............................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Manufacturing............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities5

. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Retail trade.............................. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Professional and business services. . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Education and health services6

. . . . . . .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance. .. – – – – – – – – – – – –

Leisure and hospitality.................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Arts, entertainment, and recreation... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Accommodation and food services... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government7

................................ 56 63 73 56 59 54 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local............................ – – – – – – – – – – – –

REGION8

Northeast..................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

South.......................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

Midwest....................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

West........................................... – – – – – – – – – – – –

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.

3 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.

5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.

6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.

7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.

8 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 3,619 3,935 3,950 2.6 2.8 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 3,247 3,521 3,582 2.8 3.0 3.0

Mining and logging................................................ 16 20 16 1.8 2.2 1.7

Construction........................................................ 90 113 122 1.5 1.8 2.0

Manufacturing...................................................... 245 272 255 2.0 2.2 2.1

Durable goods................................................... 142 183 173 1.9 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods.............................................. 103 89 83 2.2 1.9 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 719 736 844 2.7 2.8 3.1

Wholesale trade................................................. 134 137 131 2.3 2.3 2.2

Retail trade....................................................... 450 455 531 3.0 2.9 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 135 144 182 2.6 2.8 3.5

Information.......................................................... 106 84 96 3.8 3.0 3.5

Financial activities................................................. 280 249 257 3.5 3.0 3.1

Finance and insurance......................................... 219 185 219 3.6 3.0 3.6

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 61 64 38 3.0 3.0 1.8

Professional and business services............................. 599 672 648 3.2 3.5 3.3

Education and health services................................... 692 732 712 3.3 3.5 3.3

Educational services............................................ 61 69 74 1.8 2.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 631 663 638 3.6 3.7 3.5

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 373 533 479 2.6 3.5 3.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 46 85 46 2.2 3.6 2.2

Accommodation and food services........................... 327 448 433 2.7 3.5 3.4

Other services...................................................... 127 110 153 2.3 2.0 2.7

Government........................................................... 372 414 368 1.7 2.0 1.7

Federal.............................................................. 68 47 45 2.4 1.7 1.6

State and local..................................................... 304 367 323 1.6 2.0 1.7

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 650 727 696 2.5 2.7 2.6

South................................................................... 1,322 1,394 1,454 2.6 2.7 2.8

Midwest................................................................ 867 936 962 2.8 2.9 3.0

West.................................................................... 780 879 838 2.6 2.9 2.7

1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 4,370 5,111 4,769 3.3 3.8 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 4,005 4,564 4,381 3.6 4.0 3.8

Mining and logging................................................ 25 26 32 2.9 2.9 3.6

Construction........................................................ 330 284 289 5.6 4.7 4.8

Manufacturing...................................................... 223 274 256 1.9 2.3 2.1

Durable goods................................................... 123 161 153 1.6 2.1 2.0

Nondurable goods.............................................. 100 113 103 2.2 2.5 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 881 990 970 3.5 3.8 3.7

Wholesale trade................................................. 131 119 129 2.3 2.1 2.2

Retail trade....................................................... 601 708 671 4.1 4.6 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 149 163 169 3.0 3.3 3.3

Information.......................................................... 54 76 68 2.0 2.8 2.5

Financial activities................................................. 185 207 208 2.4 2.6 2.6

Finance and insurance......................................... 116 133 129 2.0 2.2 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 68 74 79 3.5 3.6 3.9

Professional and business services............................. 806 1,012 964 4.5 5.4 5.1

Education and health services................................... 588 721 615 2.9 3.5 3.0

Educational services............................................ 151 165 143 4.6 5.3 4.3

Health care and social assistance............................ 437 557 472 2.6 3.2 2.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 719 789 776 5.1 5.3 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 92 94 107 4.5 4.1 5.1

Accommodation and food services........................... 627 695 669 5.2 5.5 5.4

Other services...................................................... 194 184 205 3.6 3.3 3.7

Government........................................................... 365 547 387 1.7 2.6 1.8

Federal.............................................................. 35 28 26 1.3 1.0 0.9

State and local..................................................... 330 520 361 1.7 2.9 1.9

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 859 732 805 3.4 2.8 3.1

South................................................................... 1,726 2,105 1,830 3.5 4.3 3.7

Midwest................................................................ 921 1,199 1,085 3.0 3.9 3.5

West.................................................................... 865 1,075 1,048 2.9 3.6 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 4,341 5,317 4,764 3.2 3.9 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 4,030 4,920 4,454 3.6 4.3 3.9

Mining and logging................................................ 30 26 31 3.5 2.9 3.5

Construction........................................................ 357 312 280 6.1 5.1 4.6

Manufacturing...................................................... 243 303 260 2.0 2.5 2.2

Durable goods................................................... 149 163 151 2.0 2.2 2.0

Nondurable goods.............................................. 94 140 108 2.1 3.1 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 835 1,051 898 3.3 4.0 3.5

Wholesale trade................................................. 129 114 110 2.3 2.0 1.9

Retail trade....................................................... 570 765 653 3.9 5.0 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 136 171 135 2.7 3.4 2.7

Information.......................................................... 68 103 75 2.5 3.8 2.8

Financial activities................................................. 189 244 228 2.4 3.1 2.9

Finance and insurance......................................... 120 163 144 2.0 2.8 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 69 81 84 3.5 4.0 4.2

Professional and business services............................. 803 1,069 944 4.4 5.7 5.0

Education and health services................................... 448 666 520 2.2 3.3 2.5

Educational services............................................ 73 136 83 2.2 4.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance............................ 376 530 437 2.2 3.1 2.5

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 853 916 983 6.1 6.2 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 193 152 224 9.5 6.6 10.8

Accommodation and food services........................... 660 764 759 5.5 6.1 6.2

Other services...................................................... 204 230 235 3.7 4.2 4.3

Government........................................................... 311 397 310 1.4 1.9 1.4

Federal.............................................................. 41 41 36 1.5 1.5 1.3

State and local..................................................... 270 356 274 1.4 2.0 1.4

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 841 897 813 3.3 3.5 3.1

South................................................................... 1,648 1,971 1,838 3.4 4.0 3.7

Midwest................................................................ 974 1,299 1,103 3.2 4.2 3.6

West.................................................................... 877 1,149 1,009 3.0 3.8 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 2,152 3,113 2,567 1.6 2.3 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 2,029 2,915 2,444 1.8 2.5 2.1

Mining and logging................................................ 18 15 16 2.1 1.7 1.8

Construction........................................................ 83 130 95 1.4 2.1 1.6

Manufacturing...................................................... 113 150 128 0.9 1.2 1.1

Durable goods................................................... 60 70 69 0.8 0.9 0.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 53 80 59 1.2 1.8 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 492 680 597 1.9 2.6 2.3

Wholesale trade................................................. 59 66 55 1.0 1.1 0.9

Retail trade....................................................... 367 533 473 2.5 3.5 3.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 66 81 69 1.3 1.6 1.4

Information.......................................................... 42 67 35 1.6 2.5 1.3

Financial activities................................................. 109 149 114 1.4 1.9 1.4

Finance and insurance......................................... 64 99 78 1.1 1.7 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 45 49 37 2.3 2.4 1.8

Professional and business services............................. 364 620 481 2.0 3.3 2.6

Education and health services................................... 264 372 298 1.3 1.8 1.4

Educational services............................................ 47 65 40 1.4 2.1 1.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 217 308 258 1.3 1.8 1.5

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 463 609 575 3.3 4.1 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 48 83 73 2.4 3.6 3.5

Accommodation and food services........................... 416 526 501 3.5 4.2 4.1

Other services...................................................... 80 123 107 1.5 2.2 2.0

Government........................................................... 124 198 123 0.6 1.0 0.6

Federal.............................................................. 10 18 11 0.4 0.6 0.4

State and local..................................................... 113 181 112 0.6 1.0 0.6

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 361 444 401 1.4 1.7 1.5

South................................................................... 889 1,279 1,014 1.8 2.6 2.0

Midwest................................................................ 477 721 624 1.6 2.3 2.0

West.................................................................... 425 669 528 1.4 2.2 1.8

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 1,856 1,816 1,848 1.4 1.3 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 1,722 1,682 1,710 1.5 1.5 1.5

Mining and logging................................................ 10 9 13 1.2 1.0 1.4

Construction........................................................ 266 163 165 4.5 2.7 2.7

Manufacturing...................................................... 110 129 108 0.9 1.1 0.9

Durable goods................................................... 78 79 67 1.0 1.0 0.9

Nondurable goods.............................................. 32 51 41 0.7 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 262 277 218 1.0 1.1 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................. 63 35 47 1.1 0.6 0.8

Retail trade....................................................... 143 171 124 1.0 1.1 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 55 71 47 1.1 1.4 0.9

Information.......................................................... 18 31 33 0.7 1.1 1.2

Financial activities................................................. 36 67 84 0.5 0.8 1.1

Finance and insurance......................................... 22 40 50 0.4 0.7 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 14 27 34 0.7 1.3 1.7

Professional and business services............................. 402 416 431 2.2 2.2 2.3

Education and health services................................... 136 235 166 0.7 1.1 0.8

Educational services............................................ 20 64 39 0.6 2.1 1.2

Health care and social assistance............................ 116 171 127 0.7 1.0 0.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 362 269 377 2.6 1.8 2.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 142 64 147 7.0 2.8 7.1

Accommodation and food services........................... 220 204 230 1.8 1.6 1.9

Other services...................................................... 120 87 115 2.2 1.6 2.1

Government........................................................... 134 135 138 0.6 0.6 0.6

Federal.............................................................. 21 12 14 0.7 0.4 0.5

State and local..................................................... 113 122 125 0.6 0.7 0.7

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 409 380 345 1.6 1.5 1.3

South................................................................... 633 571 707 1.3 1.2 1.4

Midwest................................................................ 419 493 395 1.4 1.6 1.3

West.................................................................... 394 371 401 1.3 1.2 1.3

1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Sept.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013p

Total...................................................................... 333 388 348 0.2 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private........................................................... 279 323 299 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging................................................ 2 2 3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Construction........................................................ 8 19 20 0.1 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing...................................................... 21 24 24 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods................................................... 11 15 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods.............................................. 9 9 8 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................... 81 94 83 0.3 0.4 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................. 7 13 9 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade....................................................... 59 61 56 0.4 0.4 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities................... 15 19 19 0.3 0.4 0.4

Information.......................................................... 8 5 8 0.3 0.2 0.3

Financial activities................................................. 44 29 30 0.6 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance......................................... 34 24 16 0.6 0.4 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing........................... 10 5 14 0.5 0.2 0.7

Professional and business services............................. 36 34 32 0.2 0.2 0.2

Education and health services................................... 48 59 57 0.2 0.3 0.3

Educational services............................................ 5 8 4 0.1 0.3 0.1

Health care and social assistance............................ 43 51 53 0.3 0.3 0.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................ 28 38 31 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation........................... 3 4 3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services........................... 24 34 28 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services...................................................... 5 20 13 0.1 0.4 0.2

Government........................................................... 54 64 48 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal.............................................................. 10 12 11 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local..................................................... 44 53 37 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION3

Northeast.............................................................. 70 72 67 0.3 0.3 0.3

South................................................................... 126 122 117 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest................................................................ 78 85 84 0.3 0.3 0.3

West.................................................................... 58 109 79 0.2 0.4 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana,

Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,

Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.