Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-0551 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 5, 2017

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2017

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 211,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was 

little changed at 4.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

leisure and hospitality, health care and social assistance, financial activities, and mining.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.4 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.1 million, 

changed little in April. Over the year, the unemployment rate has declined by 0.6 percentage point, and 

the number of unemployed has fallen by 854,000. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men declined to 4.0 percent in 

April. The jobless rates for adult women (4.1 percent), teenagers (14.7 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), 

Blacks (7.9 percent), Asians (3.2 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed little change. (See

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, April 2015 – April 2017

Percent Thousands

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2015 – April 2017

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17
-2- 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 1.6 million in April and accounted for 22.6 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number of 

long-term unemployed was down by 433,000. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, changed little in April and has shown little 

movement over the past year. The employment-population ratio, at 60.2 percent, was also little 

changed over the month but was up by 0.5 percentage point since December. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) declined by 281,000 to 5.3 million in April. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut 

back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. Over the past 12 months, the number of persons 

employed part time for economic reasons has decreased by 698,000. (See table A-8.) 

In April, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 181,000 from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 455,000 discouraged workers in April, down by 113,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 211,000 in April. Employment rose in leisure and 

hospitality, health care and social assistance, financial activities, and mining. (See table B-1.) 

In April, leisure and hospitality added 55,000 jobs. Employment in food services and drinking places 

continued to trend up over the month (+26,000) and has increased by 260,000 over the year. 

Employment in health care and social assistance increased by 37,000 in April. Health care 

employment continued to trend up over the month (+20,000). This is in line with the industry’s average 

monthly job growth during the first quarter of this year but below the average gain of 32,000 per month 

in 2016. Social assistance added 17,000 jobs in April, with all of the gain in individual and family 

services.

In April, financial activities added 19,000 jobs, with insurance carriers and related activities accounting 

for most of the gain (+14,000). Over the year, financial activities has added 173,000 jobs. 

Employment in mining rose by 9,000 in April, with most of the increase in support activities for mining 

(+7,000). Since a recent low in October 2016, mining has added 44,000 jobs, with three-fourths of the 

gain in support activities for mining. 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in April (+39,000). The 

industry has added 612,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 
-3- 

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail 

trade, transportation and warehousing, information, and government, showed little change over the 

month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in April. In manufacturing, the workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and overtime edged 

down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees

on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 7 cents to 

$26.19. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 65 cents, or 2.5 percent. In April, average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 6 cents to 

$21.96. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised up from +219,000 to 

+232,000, and the change for March was revised down from +98,000 to +79,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in February and March combined were 6,000 lower than previously reported. 

Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses since the last published 

estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains have 

averaged 174,000. 

______________ 

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 2, 2017, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Change from:

Mar. 2017-

Apr. 2017

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 252,969 254,246 254,414 254,588 174

Civilian labor force........................................................... 158,938 160,056 160,201 160,213 12

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 63.0 63.0 62.9 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 151,028 152,528 153,000 153,156 156

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.7 60.0 60.1 60.2 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 7,910 7,528 7,202 7,056 -146

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,031 94,190 94,213 94,375 162

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.0 -0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.1 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 16.0 15.0 13.7 14.7 1.0

White.......................................................................... 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 8.8 8.1 8.0 7.9 -0.1

Asian.......................................................................... 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.1 5.6 5.1 5.2 0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.5 7.9 6.8 6.5 -0.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7 0.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,864 3,709 3,519 3,538 19

Job leavers...................................................................... 864 802 798 789 -9

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,337 2,197 2,066 2,032 -34

New entrants.................................................................... 847 773 790 712 -78

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,573 2,566 2,334 2,335 1

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,155 2,138 2,109 2,135 26

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,281 1,057 1,115 1,108 -7

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,059 1,801 1,687 1,626 -61

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,970 5,704 5,553 5,272 -281

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,706 3,574 3,402 3,174 -228

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,993 1,864 1,852 1,802 -50

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,471 20,773 20,723 20,700 -23

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,715 1,723 1,595 1,534 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 568 522 460 455 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 232 79 211

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 222 77 194

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 88 23 21

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 12 9 10

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 54 1 5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 22 13 6

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 4 8 -3

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 -5.5 2.3 2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 18 5 9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 134 54 173

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 10.8 1.1 8.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.7 -28.7 -27.4 6.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 7.6 6.6 3.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.7

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -6 -6 -7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5 4 19

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 35 57 39

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.8 13.0 5.8

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 68 10 41

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 35.8 16.4 36.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 33 9 55

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 10 0 7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 10 2 17

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 201 176 174

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 192 168 164

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.6 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 82.4 82.5 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.3 34.3 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.54 $26.10 $26.12 $26.19

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $878.58 $895.23 $895.92 $900.94

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.0 106.3 106.3 106.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.3 132.6 132.8 133.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 65.1 58.8 60.2

Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3 64.7 55.1 53.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 634,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252,969 254,414 254,588 252,969 254,742 254,082 254,246 254,414 254,588

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,488 159,912 159,817 158,938 159,640 159,716 160,056 160,201 160,213

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.9 62.8 62.8 62.7 62.9 63.0 63.0 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,075 152,628 153,262 151,028 152,111 152,081 152,528 153,000 153,156

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 60.0 60.2 59.7 59.7 59.9 60.0 60.1 60.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,413 7,284 6,555 7,910 7,529 7,635 7,528 7,202 7,056

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.6 4.1 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,481 94,502 94,771 94,031 95,102 94,366 94,190 94,213 94,375

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,671 5,507 5,560 5,813 5,662 5,739 5,597 5,781 5,707

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,213 122,945 123,032 122,213 123,099 122,781 122,862 122,945 123,032

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,323 84,718 84,851 84,652 84,979 85,096 85,194 85,076 85,175

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 68.9 69.0 69.3 69.0 69.3 69.3 69.2 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,302 80,546 81,341 80,423 80,861 81,013 81,141 81,136 81,419

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 65.5 66.1 65.8 65.7 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,021 4,172 3,509 4,228 4,118 4,083 4,053 3,940 3,755

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.9 4.1 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,890 38,227 38,181 37,561 38,120 37,685 37,668 37,870 37,857

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,746 114,455 114,538 113,746 114,603 114,297 114,375 114,455 114,538

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,655 81,924 82,019 81,743 81,983 82,113 82,138 82,046 82,091

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.6 71.6 71.9 71.5 71.8 71.8 71.7 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,028 78,172 78,922 77,993 78,379 78,503 78,573 78,556 78,838

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.3 68.9 68.6 68.4 68.7 68.7 68.6 68.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,628 3,752 3,096 3,750 3,605 3,609 3,564 3,491 3,253

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.6 3.8 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,090 32,531 32,519 32,003 32,620 32,184 32,237 32,409 32,447

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,756 131,469 131,556 130,756 131,643 131,301 131,384 131,469 131,556

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,164 75,194 74,967 74,286 74,661 74,621 74,862 75,126 75,038

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 57.2 57.0 56.8 56.7 56.8 57.0 57.1 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,773 72,082 71,921 70,605 71,250 71,069 71,388 71,863 71,737

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 54.8 54.7 54.0 54.1 54.1 54.3 54.7 54.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,391 3,112 3,046 3,681 3,411 3,552 3,475 3,262 3,301

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.1 4.1 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,592 56,275 56,590 56,469 56,982 56,681 56,521 56,343 56,518

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,524 123,212 123,296 122,524 123,383 123,052 123,131 123,212 123,296

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,329 72,354 72,181 71,316 71,831 71,686 72,011 72,160 72,136

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 58.7 58.5 58.2 58.2 58.3 58.5 58.6 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,346 69,559 69,474 68,099 68,760 68,550 68,932 69,271 69,213

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 56.5 56.3 55.6 55.7 55.7 56.0 56.2 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,983 2,795 2,707 3,218 3,071 3,136 3,079 2,890 2,922

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 3.7 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,196 50,858 51,116 51,208 51,552 51,366 51,119 51,052 51,161

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,699 16,747 16,754 16,699 16,756 16,734 16,740 16,747 16,754

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,504 5,634 5,618 5,879 5,826 5,917 5,907 5,995 5,986

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 33.6 33.5 35.2 34.8 35.4 35.3 35.8 35.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,701 4,897 4,866 4,936 4,972 5,028 5,023 5,173 5,105

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 29.2 29.0 29.6 29.7 30.0 30.0 30.9 30.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 737 752 943 854 890 884 822 881

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 13.1 13.4 16.0 14.7 15.0 15.0 13.7 14.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,195 11,113 11,136 10,820 10,930 10,816 10,833 10,752 10,768

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,906 198,604 198,685 197,906 198,845 198,453 198,525 198,604 198,685

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,416 124,804 124,676 124,732 124,616 124,675 124,856 125,046 124,925

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.8 62.8 63.0 62.7 62.8 62.9 63.0 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,337 119,831 120,214 119,341 119,263 119,311 119,740 120,180 120,142

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 60.3 60.5 60.3 60.0 60.1 60.3 60.5 60.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,079 4,974 4,462 5,391 5,354 5,364 5,116 4,866 4,783

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.0 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,490 73,799 74,009 73,174 74,229 73,778 73,669 73,557 73,760

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,093 65,125 65,263 65,182 65,146 65,345 65,362 65,219 65,306

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 71.7 71.9 72.1 71.7 72.1 72.0 71.9 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,583 62,548 63,103 62,595 62,476 62,730 62,877 62,850 63,053

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 68.9 69.5 69.2 68.7 69.2 69.3 69.2 69.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,510 2,576 2,160 2,587 2,669 2,615 2,485 2,369 2,253

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.0 3.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,023 55,297 55,066 54,953 54,872 54,798 54,988 55,153 54,983

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 57.9 57.6 57.8 57.4 57.4 57.6 57.8 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,991 53,413 53,269 52,773 52,813 52,646 52,949 53,211 53,049

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.9 55.8 55.5 55.2 55.2 55.5 55.7 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,032 1,883 1,798 2,180 2,059 2,152 2,039 1,942 1,935

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.4 3.3 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,300 4,383 4,346 4,597 4,599 4,531 4,505 4,674 4,635

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 35.5 35.2 37.3 37.2 36.7 36.5 37.9 37.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,763 3,869 3,842 3,973 3,974 3,934 3,913 4,119 4,040

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.5 31.3 31.1 32.2 32.2 31.9 31.7 33.4 32.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 514 504 624 625 597 592 555 595

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 11.7 11.6 13.6 13.6 13.2 13.1 11.9 12.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,792 32,128 32,161 31,792 32,105 32,063 32,095 32,128 32,161

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,368 19,898 20,046 19,415 19,844 19,993 19,998 20,002 20,110

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 61.9 62.3 61.1 61.8 62.4 62.3 62.3 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,779 18,296 18,577 17,711 18,292 18,445 18,378 18,409 18,514

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 56.9 57.8 55.7 57.0 57.5 57.3 57.3 57.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590 1,602 1,469 1,704 1,552 1,548 1,620 1,593 1,597

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 8.1 7.3 8.8 7.8 7.7 8.1 8.0 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,423 12,229 12,116 12,377 12,261 12,070 12,097 12,126 12,051

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,964 9,116 9,135 9,015 9,056 9,106 9,081 9,132 9,169

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 68.0 68.1 68.1 67.7 68.1 67.8 68.1 68.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,157 8,313 8,505 8,166 8,366 8,437 8,369 8,384 8,496

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 62.0 63.4 61.7 62.5 63.1 62.5 62.6 63.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 803 630 849 690 669 713 747 673

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 8.8 6.9 9.4 7.6 7.3 7.8 8.2 7.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,712 10,143 10,185 9,672 10,094 10,124 10,162 10,173 10,168

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 62.6 62.8 60.2 62.3 62.6 62.7 62.7 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,090 9,483 9,530 9,007 9,410 9,450 9,438 9,497 9,470

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 58.5 58.7 56.1 58.1 58.4 58.3 58.6 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 661 655 666 683 673 724 676 698

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.9 6.8 6.7 7.1 6.6 6.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 639 726 727 694 764 754 697 773

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 25.4 28.9 29.0 27.6 30.4 30.0 27.7 30.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 500 542 538 515 558 571 528 547

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 19.9 21.6 21.5 20.5 22.2 22.7 21.0 21.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 139 184 189 178 205 183 169 226

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 21.7 25.3 26.0 25.7 26.9 24.3 24.3 29.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,853 15,285 15,389 14,853 15,433 15,157 15,228 15,285 15,389

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,444 9,668 9,749 9,458 9,678 9,641 9,709 9,635 9,761

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 63.3 63.4 63.7 62.7 63.6 63.8 63.0 63.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,101 9,358 9,448 9,100 9,423 9,281 9,377 9,318 9,446

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 61.2 61.4 61.3 61.1 61.2 61.6 61.0 61.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 310 301 358 256 360 332 317 316

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.8 2.6 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,409 5,616 5,640 5,395 5,755 5,517 5,519 5,650 5,628

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 40,474 41,081 41,162 40,474 41,190 40,922 41,003 41,081 41,162

Civilian labor force................................ 26,530 27,354 27,155 26,600 27,079 27,044 27,251 27,387 27,241

Participation rate............................... 65.5 66.6 66.0 65.7 65.7 66.1 66.5 66.7 66.2

Employed....................................... 25,036 25,929 25,897 24,966 25,486 25,453 25,727 25,986 25,832

Employment-population ratio............... 61.9 63.1 62.9 61.7 61.9 62.2 62.7 63.3 62.8

Unemployed.................................... 1,493 1,425 1,258 1,634 1,594 1,590 1,523 1,402 1,410

Unemployment rate......................... 5.6 5.2 4.6 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.1 5.2

Not in labor force................................. 13,944 13,727 14,007 13,874 14,111 13,879 13,753 13,694 13,921

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,656 14,929 14,890 14,687 14,821 14,898 14,938 14,957 14,927

Participation rate............................... 80.3 80.7 80.3 80.5 79.8 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.5

Employed....................................... 13,985 14,217 14,331 13,952 14,102 14,187 14,253 14,291 14,297

Employment-population ratio............... 76.7 76.9 77.3 76.5 75.9 77.0 77.2 77.3 77.1

Unemployed.................................... 671 712 559 735 720 711 685 666 630

Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.8 3.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,768 11,165 11,098 10,747 11,083 11,028 11,119 11,127 11,086

Participation rate............................... 58.3 59.5 59.0 58.2 58.9 59.0 59.4 59.3 59.0

Employed....................................... 10,099 10,631 10,538 10,045 10,424 10,336 10,494 10,600 10,493

Employment-population ratio............... 54.7 56.7 56.1 54.4 55.4 55.3 56.0 56.5 55.8

Unemployed.................................... 670 534 561 702 659 692 625 527 593

Unemployment rate......................... 6.2 4.8 5.1 6.5 5.9 6.3 5.6 4.7 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,105 1,260 1,166 1,166 1,175 1,117 1,193 1,304 1,228

Participation rate............................... 29.4 33.0 30.4 31.0 30.8 29.3 31.3 34.1 32.1

Employed....................................... 952 1,081 1,028 969 960 930 980 1,095 1,042

Employment-population ratio............... 25.3 28.3 26.8 25.8 25.2 24.4 25.7 28.6 27.2

Unemployed.................................... 153 179 138 197 215 187 214 209 186

Unemployment rate......................... 13.8 14.2 11.9 16.9 18.3 16.7 17.9 16.0 15.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 11,036 10,143 10,249 10,756 10,483 10,533 10,229 10,139 10,041

Participation rate.................................. 47.2 45.1 45.6 46.0 45.0 45.3 46.1 45.1 44.7

Employed.......................................... 10,206 9,375 9,594 9,945 9,660 9,725 9,424 9,450 9,385

Employment-population ratio................. 43.7 41.7 42.7 42.6 41.4 41.8 42.5 42.1 41.8

Unemployed....................................... 830 768 656 811 823 808 806 689 656

Unemployment rate............................ 7.5 7.6 6.4 7.5 7.9 7.7 7.9 6.8 6.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,635 36,227 36,186 35,620 35,661 35,443 35,853 36,092 36,032

Participation rate.................................. 57.4 58.0 58.0 57.4 57.7 57.9 57.9 57.8 57.7

Employed.......................................... 33,785 34,324 34,603 33,702 33,860 33,580 34,078 34,315 34,374

Employment-population ratio................. 54.4 54.9 55.4 54.3 54.8 54.9 55.0 54.9 55.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,850 1,903 1,583 1,918 1,801 1,863 1,776 1,778 1,658

Unemployment rate............................ 5.2 5.3 4.4 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,841 37,881 37,854 37,783 38,244 38,007 37,754 37,851 37,850

Participation rate.................................. 66.1 66.2 65.8 66.0 66.1 65.7 65.8 66.1 65.8

Employed.......................................... 36,350 36,442 36,532 36,223 36,773 36,563 36,245 36,454 36,465

Employment-population ratio................. 63.5 63.6 63.5 63.2 63.6 63.2 63.2 63.7 63.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,491 1,439 1,321 1,559 1,472 1,444 1,509 1,397 1,385

Unemployment rate............................ 3.9 3.8 3.5 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 53,428 54,905 54,821 53,337 54,032 54,271 54,804 54,653 54,764

Participation rate.................................. 74.4 74.2 74.1 74.3 73.6 73.8 73.5 73.9 74.0

Employed.......................................... 52,223 53,573 53,585 52,037 52,699 52,925 53,498 53,308 53,426

Employment-population ratio................. 72.8 72.4 72.4 72.5 71.7 72.0 71.8 72.0 72.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,205 1,332 1,236 1,300 1,333 1,346 1,306 1,345 1,338

Unemployment rate............................ 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,959 20,615 18,948 18,589 2,011 2,026

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,574 10,344 9,345 9,154 1,229 1,190

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 50.2 49.3 49.2 61.1 58.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,157 9,964 8,971 8,817 1,187 1,147

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.3 47.3 47.4 59.0 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 380 374 337 42 43

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,385 10,271 9,603 9,435 782 836

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,958 4,104 3,230 3,379 727 725

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,129 3,274 2,607 2,781 522 493

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.1 79.8 80.7 82.3 71.8 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,002 3,145 2,507 2,676 495 468

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9 76.6 77.6 79.2 68.1 64.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 129 100 104 27 25

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 5.1 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 830 623 598 205 232

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,248 3,314 2,785 2,815 464 499

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,619 2,643 2,263 2,262 356 381

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.6 79.7 81.3 80.4 76.8 76.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,514 2,544 2,165 2,176 348 368

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 76.8 77.8 77.3 75.1 73.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 99 98 86 8 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.7 4.3 3.8 2.2 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 671 521 553 108 119

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,573 8,134 8,266 7,840 307 294

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,191 1,972 2,116 1,915 75 57

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 24.2 25.6 24.4 24.6 19.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,111 1,900 2,036 1,843 75 57

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 23.4 24.6 23.5 24.6 19.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 72 80 72 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.7 0.0 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,382 6,162 6,150 5,925 232 237

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,180 5,063 4,667 4,555 513 508

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,634 2,456 2,358 2,196 275 260

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 48.5 50.5 48.2 53.6 51.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,530 2,376 2,263 2,122 267 254

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 46.9 48.5 46.6 52.1 50.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 80 96 74 8 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.3 4.1 3.4 2.8 2.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,546 2,607 2,309 2,359 238 248

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222,987 225,046 98,726 99,978 124,261 125,068

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,005 147,418 74,087 74,682 71,918 72,736

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.5 75.0 74.7 57.9 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,378 141,599 70,623 71,671 68,755 69,928

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.9 71.5 71.7 55.3 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,627 5,819 3,464 3,011 3,163 2,808

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.9 4.7 4.0 4.4 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,982 77,628 24,639 25,296 52,343 52,332

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,974 30,612 222,995 223,976

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,108 6,166 152,380 153,652

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.4 20.1 68.3 68.6

Employed............................................................................. 5,453 5,509 145,622 147,754

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.2 18.0 65.3 66.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 655 657 6,758 5,898

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.7 10.7 4.4 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,866 24,447 70,615 70,324

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,633 2,700 76,461 76,784

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.3 34.3 82.0 82.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,329 2,352 72,923 73,794

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.3 29.8 78.2 79.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 305 348 3,538 2,989

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.6 12.9 4.6 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,054 5,181 16,777 16,350

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,377 2,411 67,675 68,236

Participation rate..................................................................... 29.1 29.8 70.4 70.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,097 2,157 64,694 65,627

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.6 26.6 67.3 68.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 280 254 2,981 2,610

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.8 10.5 4.4 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,803 5,691 28,520 27,994

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,097 1,055 8,244 8,632

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.8 7.2 24.6 24.9

Employed............................................................................. 1,027 999 8,006 8,333

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.3 6.8 23.9 24.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 71 55 238 299

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.4 5.2 2.9 3.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,010 13,574 25,318 25,979

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,797 41,567 19,830 20,238 20,967 21,329

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,596 27,402 15,399 15,816 11,197 11,586

Participation rate.................................................. 65.2 65.9 77.7 78.2 53.4 54.3

Employed.......................................................... 25,460 26,354 14,831 15,300 10,629 11,054

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.4 63.4 74.8 75.6 50.7 51.8

Unemployed....................................................... 1,137 1,049 568 516 568 532

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.3 5.1 4.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,200 14,165 4,430 4,422 9,770 9,743

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 212,172 213,021 102,384 102,794 109,789 110,227

Civilian labor force.................................................. 131,891 132,415 68,924 69,035 62,967 63,380

Participation rate.................................................. 62.2 62.2 67.3 67.2 57.4 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 125,615 126,908 65,471 66,042 60,144 60,867

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.2 59.6 63.9 64.2 54.8 55.2

Unemployed....................................................... 6,276 5,507 3,453 2,993 2,823 2,514

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.8 4.2 5.0 4.3 4.5 4.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,281 80,606 33,459 33,759 46,822 46,847

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,478 2,441 2,587 2,578 2,356 2,418 2,458 2,499 2,646

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,592 1,552 1,663 1,695 1,470 1,633 1,603 1,647 1,730

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 869 857 900 858 857 795 841 853 879

Unpaid family workers........................... 17 31 24 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 148,597 150,187 150,676 148,398 149,811 149,582 150,026 150,429 150,481

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 139,607 141,495 142,061 139,512 140,773 140,952 141,101 141,663 141,931

Government..................................... 20,615 21,247 20,901 20,350 20,865 20,796 20,843 20,858 20,683

Private industries............................... 118,992 120,248 121,160 119,177 119,916 120,189 120,258 120,904 121,281

Private households.......................... 747 698 680 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 118,245 119,550 120,480 118,427 119,206 119,467 119,535 120,148 120,592

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,941 8,640 8,563 8,860 8,991 8,552 8,826 8,707 8,489

Unpaid family workers........................... 50 53 53 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,771 5,552 5,058 5,970 5,598 5,840 5,704 5,553 5,272

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,603 3,407 3,059 3,706 3,401 3,583 3,574 3,402 3,174

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,994 1,920 1,767 1,993 1,873 1,944 1,864 1,852 1,802

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,460 21,042 21,257 20,471 21,251 20,487 20,773 20,723 20,700

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,690 5,498 4,990 5,882 5,476 5,769 5,637 5,502 5,197

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,546 3,383 3,019 3,650 3,310 3,535 3,540 3,386 3,130

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,984 1,901 1,750 1,986 1,862 1,947 1,853 1,842 1,781

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,089 20,667 20,849 20,093 20,818 20,136 20,445 20,396 20,349

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,075 152,628 153,262 151,028 152,111 152,081 152,528 153,000 153,156

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,701 4,897 4,866 4,936 4,972 5,028 5,023 5,173 5,105

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,540 1,723 1,699 1,713 1,723 1,813 1,779 1,904 1,884

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,161 3,174 3,167 3,240 3,253 3,219 3,252 3,269 3,244

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,374 147,731 148,396 146,092 147,139 147,054 147,505 147,826 148,051

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,810 14,017 14,082 13,989 14,071 14,070 14,181 14,198 14,247

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,564 133,714 134,314 132,010 133,065 132,956 133,252 133,639 133,741

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,932 98,507 98,920 97,668 98,495 98,190 98,371 98,557 98,649

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,458 34,376 34,455 33,429 34,185 34,136 34,247 34,460 34,413

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,533 31,584 31,833 31,454 31,611 31,553 31,614 31,592 31,745

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,941 32,547 32,633 32,786 32,698 32,502 32,511 32,506 32,491

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,632 35,207 35,394 34,341 34,570 34,765 34,880 35,081 35,092

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,302 80,546 81,341 80,423 80,861 81,013 81,141 81,136 81,419

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,275 2,374 2,419 2,430 2,482 2,509 2,567 2,581 2,581

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 815 853 806 786 871 895 947 957

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,566 1,559 1,566 1,623 1,699 1,641 1,677 1,636 1,631

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,028 78,172 78,922 77,993 78,379 78,503 78,573 78,556 78,838

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,168 7,123 7,214 7,263 7,246 7,302 7,223 7,241 7,293

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,860 71,049 71,708 70,726 71,114 71,202 71,299 71,315 71,532

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,414 52,407 52,800 52,398 52,737 52,705 52,687 52,640 52,770

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,056 18,346 18,415 18,073 18,374 18,472 18,408 18,445 18,426

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,024 17,005 17,234 17,023 17,054 17,048 17,072 17,086 17,217

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,334 17,056 17,151 17,303 17,309 17,185 17,206 17,108 17,127

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,446 18,642 18,908 18,328 18,377 18,497 18,612 18,675 18,762

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,773 72,082 71,921 70,605 71,250 71,069 71,388 71,863 71,737

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,427 2,523 2,447 2,506 2,490 2,518 2,456 2,593 2,524

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 909 846 907 938 942 884 956 927

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596 1,615 1,601 1,617 1,554 1,578 1,574 1,633 1,614

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,346 69,559 69,474 68,099 68,760 68,550 68,932 69,271 69,213

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,642 6,894 6,868 6,726 6,825 6,767 6,957 6,958 6,954

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,704 62,665 62,606 61,284 61,951 61,754 61,953 62,324 62,209

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,518 46,100 46,120 45,270 45,758 45,485 45,685 45,918 45,879

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,402 16,031 16,039 15,356 15,812 15,664 15,838 16,014 15,987

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,509 14,578 14,599 14,432 14,557 14,505 14,541 14,505 14,528

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,607 15,491 15,481 15,483 15,389 15,317 15,305 15,398 15,364

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,186 16,565 16,486 16,013 16,193 16,269 16,268 16,406 16,330

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,277 45,858 46,135 45,226 45,252 45,593 46,017 45,907 46,029

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,333 36,288 36,079 35,233 35,478 35,402 35,640 35,992 35,918

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,678 9,618 9,654 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,742 124,566 125,532 123,259 124,248 124,705 125,031 125,507 125,987

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,333 28,062 27,731 27,752 27,895 27,405 27,554 27,603 27,233

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,383 8,137 7,609 7,416 7,554 7,562 7,822 7,960 7,683

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,518 5,740 5,861 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,809 9,497 9,463 9,719 9,848 9,347 9,667 9,560 9,368

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,910 7,202 7,056 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 943 822 881 16.0 14.7 15.0 15.0 13.7 14.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 410 400 379 19.3 17.6 16.0 18.0 17.4 16.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 502 412 465 13.4 13.1 14.5 13.5 11.2 12.5

20 years and over................................ 6,967 6,380 6,176 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,353 1,122 1,118 8.8 8.2 8.3 8.0 7.3 7.3

25 years and over.............................. 5,601 5,256 5,041 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6

25 to 54 years............................... 4,320 4,020 3,910 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8

25 to 34 years............................. 1,822 1,642 1,576 5.2 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 1,304 1,289 1,190 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 1,193 1,089 1,144 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4

55 years and over........................... 1,296 1,224 1,160 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,228 3,940 3,755 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 479 449 502 16.5 17.1 15.9 16.0 14.8 16.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 201 203 181 20.0 21.1 17.2 17.7 17.7 15.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 247 240 295 13.2 14.8 15.1 15.3 12.8 15.3

20 years and over................................ 3,750 3,491 3,253 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 762 676 668 9.5 9.2 9.3 9.4 8.5 8.4

25 years and over.............................. 2,974 2,805 2,564 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5

25 to 54 years............................... 2,259 2,151 1,945 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.6

25 to 34 years............................. 1,019 931 846 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 636 666 601 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.4

45 to 54 years............................. 604 554 499 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.8

55 years and over........................... 715 654 619 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,681 3,262 3,301 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 464 372 379 15.6 12.0 14.2 13.9 12.6 13.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 208 196 198 18.7 14.4 14.8 18.3 17.0 17.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 255 172 169 13.6 11.1 13.8 11.6 9.6 9.5

20 years and over................................ 3,218 2,890 2,922 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 591 446 451 8.1 7.0 7.1 6.5 6.0 6.1

25 years and over.............................. 2,627 2,451 2,477 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,061 1,869 1,964 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.1

25 to 34 years............................. 804 711 730 5.0 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 669 623 589 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.1 3.9

45 to 54 years............................. 589 536 645 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.0

55 years and over........................... 579 567 548 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,246 1,228 1,136 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,134 1,043 1,021 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.8

Women who maintain families2.................... 695 557 615 6.7 5.8 6.3 6.5 5.5 6.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,592 5,760 5,613 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.3

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,312 1,414 1,425 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.9 5.0

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,716 3,812 3,369 3,864 3,639 3,713 3,709 3,519 3,538

On temporary layoff.............................. 748 1,125 794 847 1,033 1,062 979 953 934

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,968 2,686 2,576 3,017 2,606 2,651 2,730 2,567 2,604

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,065 1,880 1,795 2,066 1,902 1,981 2,042 1,819 1,806

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 903 806 781 951 704 670 688 748 799

Job leavers........................................... 810 778 726 864 905 862 802 798 789

Reentrants............................................ 2,163 2,004 1,858 2,337 2,219 2,170 2,197 2,066 2,032

New entrants......................................... 724 691 602 847 783 813 773 790 712

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 50.1 52.3 51.4 48.8 48.2 49.1 49.6 49.1 50.0

On temporary layoff.............................. 10.1 15.5 12.1 10.7 13.7 14.0 13.1 13.3 13.2

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 40.0 36.9 39.3 38.1 34.5 35.1 36.5 35.8 36.8

Job leavers........................................... 10.9 10.7 11.1 10.9 12.0 11.4 10.7 11.1 11.2

Reentrants............................................ 29.2 27.5 28.4 29.5 29.4 28.7 29.4 28.8 28.7

New entrants......................................... 9.8 9.5 9.2 10.7 10.4 10.8 10.3 11.0 10.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,164 2,000 1,953 2,573 2,379 2,468 2,566 2,334 2,335

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,749 2,269 1,735 2,155 2,156 2,089 2,138 2,109 2,135

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,499 3,016 2,868 3,340 3,030 3,043 2,858 2,802 2,734

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,390 1,255 1,206 1,281 1,199 1,192 1,057 1,115 1,108

27 weeks and over............................... 2,109 1,761 1,662 2,059 1,831 1,850 1,801 1,687 1,626

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 29.8 26.1 25.7 27.7 26.0 25.1 25.1 25.3 24.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 13.2 11.6 12.1 11.2 10.3 10.2 10.0 10.3 10.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 29.2 27.5 29.8 31.9 31.4 32.5 33.9 32.2 32.4

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 23.6 31.1 26.5 26.7 28.5 27.5 28.3 29.1 29.6

15 weeks and over.................................. 47.2 41.4 43.7 41.4 40.0 40.0 37.8 38.7 38.0

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 18.8 17.2 18.4 15.9 15.8 15.7 14.0 15.4 15.4

27 weeks and over............................... 28.5 24.2 25.4 25.5 24.2 24.4 23.8 23.3 22.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 151,075 153,262 7,413 6,555 4.7 4.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 59,690 61,317 1,251 1,254 2.1 2.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,868 25,455 604 581 2.4 2.2

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,822 35,862 647 673 1.8 1.8

Service occupations................................................ 26,357 26,370 1,517 1,426 5.4 5.1

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,347 33,529 1,753 1,337 5.0 3.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,788 15,838 871 688 5.2 4.2

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,559 17,692 882 650 4.8 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,751 14,174 942 925 6.4 6.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,114 1,225 123 120 9.9 8.9

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,934 7,930 586 657 6.9 7.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,703 5,019 233 149 4.7 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,930 17,871 1,207 994 6.3 5.3

Production occupations.......................................... 8,927 8,491 554 432 5.8 4.8

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,003 9,380 653 562 6.8 5.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,413 6,555 4.7 4.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,735 5,121 4.6 4.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 86 36 9.5 4.7

Construction.......................................................................... 530 585 6.0 6.3

Manufacturing........................................................................ 702 620 4.5 3.9

Durable goods..................................................................... 403 389 4.1 3.9

Nondurable goods................................................................ 299 230 5.2 3.8

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,054 844 5.3 4.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 305 216 4.6 3.5

Information............................................................................ 131 107 4.8 4.1

Financial activities................................................................... 264 229 2.7 2.3

Professional and business services............................................... 846 819 5.2 4.9

Education and health services..................................................... 632 612 2.7 2.6

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 893 819 6.5 5.9

Other services........................................................................ 292 234 4.4 3.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 148 118 8.9 6.9

Government workers................................................................... 490 379 2.3 1.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 315 335 3.1 3.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.7 4.6 4.1 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.0 4.8 4.4 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.7 5.5 5.0 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.3 8.9 8.1 9.7 9.2 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,481 94,771 37,890 38,181 56,592 56,590

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,671 5,560 2,658 2,605 3,014 2,955

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,715 1,534 870 855 845 680

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 568 455 369 319 199 135

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,146 1,080 500 535 646 544

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,383 7,609 3,598 3,782 3,785 3,827

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.6 5.3 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,904 4,184 2,162 2,285 1,742 1,900

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,164 2,027 751 707 1,413 1,319

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 242 304 171 185 70 119

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,013 1,043 467 582 546 461

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Change

from:

Mar.2017 -

Apr.2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,894 144,292 144,953 145,979 143,826 145,773 145,852 146,063 211

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,316 121,669 122,261 123,256 121,665 123,452 123,529 123,723 194

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,577 19,451 19,589 19,795 19,743 19,933 19,956 19,977 21

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 672 683 693 683 685 694 704 10

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 50.1 48.6 48.2 51.6 51.3 50.5 51.1 0.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621.4 622.2 634.0 644.8 631.0 633.2 643.7 652.5 8.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.2 176.9 179.1 179.4 181.4 178.8 180.2 181.2 1.0

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180.9 177.2 179.8 185.5 181.6 184.2 185.1 186.2 1.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 50.0 50.1 50.5 51.2 50.3 50.4 50.6 0.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.3 39.0 39.1 39.0 38.5 39.1 39.3 39.4 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.6 88.2 90.6 96.0 91.9 94.7 95.3 96.2 0.9

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.3 268.1 275.1 279.9 268.0 270.2 278.4 285.1 6.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,609 6,479 6,580 6,769 6,704 6,871 6,872 6,877 5

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466.6 1,466.5 1,478.0 1,495.7 1,493.4 1,523.1 1,524.2 1,525.5 1.3

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.0 735.5 738.5 746.4 732.1 766.8 765.5 762.8 -2.7

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749.6 731.0 739.5 749.3 761.3 756.3 758.7 762.7 4.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 943.6 856.2 887.8 958.4 955.5 959.8 964.6 968.9 4.3

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,198.7 4,155.8 4,214.2 4,314.4 4,254.8 4,388.5 4,383.6 4,382.1 -1.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,825.6 1,824.1 1,843.6 1,900.9 1,850.3 1,931.5 1,925.3 1,928.9 3.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,373.1 2,331.7 2,370.6 2,413.5 2,404.5 2,457.0 2,458.3 2,453.2 -5.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,299 12,300 12,326 12,333 12,356 12,377 12,390 12,396 6

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,717 7,687 7,708 7,707 7,735 7,722 7,730 7,727 -3

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.6 390.7 392.3 393.7 390.7 397.0 397.4 397.6 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.5 401.5 407.7 411.8 404.9 416.6 417.0 416.3 -0.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.6 378.1 379.1 380.3 379.5 378.2 379.1 380.6 1.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427.6 1,422.0 1,425.5 1,427.1 1,427.9 1,423.2 1,428.8 1,425.3 -3.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,083.0 1,082.1 1,081.3 1,082.0 1,085.1 1,083.2 1,081.3 1,083.5 2.2

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,048.9 1,032.3 1,034.5 1,031.0 1,051.9 1,035.9 1,036.7 1,035.0 -1.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 164.3 160.2 160.5 160.4 165.2 161.5 161.3 161.3 0.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 84.0 84.5 84.8 86.1 84.6 84.7 84.9 0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.0 358.2 359.7 356.7 369.3 359.0 360.3 358.0 -2.3

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.6 396.1 396.2 395.7 396.0 396.8 396.7 397.3 0.6

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 33.8 33.6 33.4 35.2 33.9 33.8 33.7 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 383.2 383.9 385.7 384.0 384.8 385.2 386.4 385.3 -1.1

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,628.2 1,614.5 1,620.3 1,616.0 1,631.9 1,616.5 1,617.1 1,617.2 0.1

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941.6 939.5 946.5 945.6 943.9 941.2 943.5 946.3 2.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.8 392.1 391.3 391.3 389.1 393.4 392.4 392.8 0.4

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.5 589.8 590.7 590.2 589.4 592.4 593.5 593.3 -0.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,582 4,613 4,618 4,626 4,621 4,655 4,660 4,669 9

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517.5 1,564.5 1,560.3 1,568.2 1,545.2 1,584.3 1,586.4 1,595.5 9.1

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.6 111.5 110.8 109.8 114.4 111.5 110.7 110.0 -0.7

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.8 111.2 110.8 111.7 116.0 112.6 111.9 112.1 0.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.8 125.9 124.1 122.8 132.2 125.8 124.5 123.7 -0.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.1 368.9 368.6 369.3 372.0 370.1 370.4 370.8 0.4

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 448.2 437.7 439.2 437.7 449.0 440.7 439.9 438.4 -1.5

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.8 105.9 108.3 110.3 111.7 109.8 111.3 111.8 0.5

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.3 812.2 816.7 817.3 810.2 815.0 817.2 818.8 1.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699.4 698.8 700.8 699.0 698.8 700.4 700.7 700.4 -0.3

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.0 276.2 278.1 280.3 271.9 285.1 286.9 287.3 0.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,739 102,218 102,672 103,461 101,922 103,519 103,573 103,746 173

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,956 27,002 27,037 27,142 27,177 27,391 27,371 27,390 19

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,846.7 5,864.6 5,878.8 5,900.3 5,861.0 5,905.6 5,906.7 5,914.9 8.2

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,923.5 2,924.6 2,933.8 2,943.1 2,931.9 2,941.1 2,944.3 2,951.1 6.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,029.7 2,036.5 2,045.8 2,057.0 2,033.3 2,057.3 2,060.5 2,062.2 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Change

from:

Mar.2017 -

Apr.2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893.5 903.5 899.2 900.2 895.8 907.2 901.9 901.6 -0.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,641.1 15,607.2 15,618.5 15,693.0 15,791.5 15,887.6 15,860.2 15,866.5 6.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,971.5 1,990.9 2,000.4 2,013.0 1,973.2 2,011.5 2,010.9 2,013.6 2.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,272.5 1,293.6 1,298.4 1,300.8 1,275.3 1,301.5 1,302.3 1,302.8 0.5

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.2 146.5 150.1 156.1 149.0 155.0 154.2 155.3 1.1

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 548.8 550.8 551.9 556.1 549.0 555.0 554.4 555.5 1.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 463.5 483.7 479.7 478.8 471.7 484.9 485.6 486.2 0.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 517.0 509.0 508.3 500.4 528.5 511.0 513.8 511.6 -2.2

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316.7 1,233.7 1,288.2 1,331.6 1,267.3 1,282.8 1,287.9 1,282.8 -5.1

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,058.8 3,064.4 3,061.6 3,065.9 3,083.8 3,096.6 3,097.1 3,096.4 -0.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,042.0 1,057.5 1,054.3 1,051.9 1,048.1 1,062.4 1,060.5 1,059.8 -0.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917.7 923.8 928.1 933.9 922.2 938.1 939.6 940.7 1.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,301.0 1,304.6 1,299.8 1,299.8 1,353.9 1,357.3 1,350.4 1,349.8 -0.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.9 593.6 583.3 584.5 619.5 605.3 603.7 604.7 1.0

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,109.0 3,082.2 3,058.2 3,066.7 3,158.0 3,151.5 3,119.9 3,127.4 7.5

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.5 1,254.7 1,240.5 1,241.2 1,309.4 1,288.0 1,277.6 1,277.0 -0.6

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,831.5 1,827.5 1,817.7 1,825.5 1,848.5 1,863.5 1,842.4 1,850.4 8.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818.8 814.9 809.8 819.4 832.2 832.4 834.7 835.5 0.8

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521.2 548.9 546.8 547.1 533.1 553.8 556.1 558.0 1.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,914.7 4,977.9 4,986.5 4,994.2 4,969.3 5,042.7 5,049.3 5,052.8 3.5

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.9 477.3 481.9 483.9 473.7 481.9 483.6 484.1 0.5

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.0 209.0 209.7 209.7 214.9 210.3 210.6 210.1 -0.5

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 61.8 62.6 63.8 66.0 64.3 64.4 64.4 0.0

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,434.0 1,442.4 1,448.9 1,460.7 1,451.5 1,471.3 1,476.1 1,476.0 -0.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.0 483.0 484.4 477.6 484.2 470.6 468.9 464.5 -4.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.2 47.9 47.9 47.2 49.9 48.0 48.0 47.6 -0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 30.6 25.4 27.5 31.8 34.3 35.1 35.5 36.0 0.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 657.6 657.4 660.2 665.7 659.5 662.1 663.9 666.1 2.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.3 636.1 627.2 616.1 630.0 653.2 652.1 655.3 3.2

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.9 937.6 936.2 937.7 905.3 945.9 946.2 948.7 2.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.3 551.9 553.3 554.0 555.5 555.5 555.2 555.9 0.7

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,784 2,745 2,734 2,729 2,781 2,748 2,742 2,735 -7

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 726.6 726.8 725.2 723.6 729.3 728.8 727.8 726.6 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428.9 412.5 405.5 410.4 421.0 409.7 408.1 409.7 1.6

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270.8 264.6 266.7 262.6 271.0 265.2 266.1 262.7 -3.4

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.2 775.9 769.4 763.7 805.1 775.6 770.4 765.1 -5.3

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.3 299.0 299.0 301.0 298.5 300.5 300.6 301.2 0.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.2 266.2 267.7 267.4 255.9 267.7 268.7 269.5 0.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,208 8,338 8,356 8,383 8,249 8,399 8,403 8,422 19

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,102.4 6,200.4 6,206.2 6,215.2 6,123.9 6,215.1 6,217.8 6,233.3 15.5

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.5 18.9 18.8 18.7 18.6 18.8 18.8 18.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,596.5 2,639.5 2,644.2 2,643.9 2,606.4 2,645.3 2,647.7 2,648.6 0.9

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,693.2 1,711.0 1,714.2 1,712.3 1,696.4 1,714.0 1,714.8 1,714.7 -0.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306.2 1,314.2 1,315.2 1,314.1 1,307.8 1,314.6 1,315.2 1,314.9 -0.3

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 606.2 621.6 621.3 621.1 611.2 622.6 622.6 623.0 0.4

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 297.1 306.9 308.7 310.5 298.8 308.7 310.3 310.8 0.5

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 921.8 931.2 931.7 931.0 926.0 935.1 936.0 936.6 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,565.6 2,610.8 2,611.5 2,621.6 2,572.9 2,615.9 2,615.3 2,629.3 14.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,105.4 2,138.0 2,150.0 2,167.3 2,124.6 2,183.9 2,185.3 2,188.6 3.3

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,532.9 1,574.4 1,578.1 1,589.5 1,542.9 1,600.7 1,598.3 1,601.8 3.5

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.3 540.6 548.9 554.8 558.2 559.9 563.7 563.4 -0.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.2 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.5 23.3 23.3 23.4 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Change

from:

Mar.2017 -

Apr.2017p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,970 20,216 20,339 20,556 19,994 20,510 20,567 20,606 39

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,861.4 9,119.7 9,119.7 9,156.0 8,793.7 9,058.5 9,078.9 9,102.0 23.1

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,114.5 1,118.0 1,118.4 1,120.2 1,119.3 1,123.7 1,123.0 1,124.1 1.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,065.6 1,118.7 1,106.1 1,096.3 970.1 995.3 997.6 1,002.8 5.2

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,390.6 1,417.8 1,428.2 1,435.2 1,399.7 1,439.0 1,445.9 1,448.0 2.1

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.2 141.0 141.3 142.4 137.7 142.7 143.2 143.2 0.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,968.0 2,043.5 2,029.2 2,042.3 1,970.4 2,044.5 2,047.1 2,049.7 2.6

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,345.6 1,402.2 1,410.2 1,424.1 1,352.6 1,416.9 1,424.0 1,431.7 7.7

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673.6 695.2 697.0 697.8 675.0 698.8 699.8 700.0 0.2

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.5 487.0 487.4 487.8 488.3 489.5 490.5 491.0 0.5

Other professional and technical services. . . 679.8 696.3 701.9 709.9 680.5 707.8 707.9 711.7 3.8

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,222.7 2,257.2 2,260.6 2,259.3 2,233.7 2,267.2 2,267.6 2,268.8 1.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,885.7 8,839.1 8,958.2 9,140.8 8,966.9 9,184.2 9,220.9 9,235.4 14.5

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,485.5 8,432.2 8,550.7 8,730.9 8,562.8 8,769.8 8,806.2 8,821.3 15.1

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.7 511.6 515.7 518.8 488.5 513.0 517.0 518.8 1.8

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.2 138.0 139.6 139.7 142.1 139.0 139.3 139.6 0.3

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,478.9 3,500.1 3,547.7 3,590.0 3,542.4 3,648.3 3,660.3 3,665.9 5.6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,835.2 2,856.1 2,901.1 2,939.4 2,892.9 2,986.5 2,999.5 3,005.3 5.8

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.9 916.9 911.8 903.9 904.7 915.2 915.0 912.5 -2.5

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.8 213.9 215.2 214.2 216.6 216.9 216.1 213.9 -2.2

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 889.3 899.3 905.6 906.6 897.5 909.9 912.5 912.0 -0.5

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,056.4 1,935.1 1,994.6 2,133.4 2,059.3 2,106.4 2,124.3 2,134.2 9.9

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.3 317.3 320.5 324.3 311.6 321.1 321.7 324.3 2.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.2 406.9 407.5 409.9 404.1 414.4 414.7 414.1 -0.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,679 23,077 23,113 23,176 22,495 22,956 22,966 23,007 41

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,731.8 3,776.1 3,786.4 3,800.1 3,549.0 3,627.7 3,622.0 3,625.9 3.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,947.1 19,300.6 19,326.1 19,375.4 18,945.7 19,328.0 19,344.4 19,381.2 36.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,309.2 15,603.3 15,615.8 15,642.2 15,335.4 15,638.5 15,652.8 15,672.3 19.5

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,016.0 7,207.8 7,212.8 7,235.6 7,026.6 7,225.4 7,233.1 7,247.3 14.2

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,502.6 2,563.0 2,562.2 2,568.3 2,507.9 2,567.0 2,567.2 2,574.1 6.9

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.2 938.8 937.0 937.6 920.9 939.8 941.2 940.3 -0.9

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 845.2 884.6 887.7 891.8 846.2 888.3 891.0 892.5 1.5

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845.6 890.4 897.1 897.5 846.5 891.6 897.3 897.7 0.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 263.3 259.0 257.9 258.0 263.1 259.6 258.4 258.1 -0.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,354.0 1,381.4 1,383.3 1,392.1 1,354.3 1,387.8 1,389.2 1,393.9 4.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.1 290.6 287.6 290.3 287.8 291.3 288.8 290.7 1.9

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,996.3 5,078.7 5,089.7 5,086.2 5,002.1 5,085.5 5,092.7 5,096.9 4.2

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,296.9 3,316.8 3,313.3 3,320.4 3,306.7 3,327.6 3,327.0 3,328.1 1.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,634.5 1,638.9 1,634.1 1,635.3 1,640.1 1,644.3 1,642.7 1,640.9 -1.8

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 612.4 616.6 618.2 620.5 614.3 618.6 619.2 620.6 1.4

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.4 897.2 897.9 899.0 889.1 899.7 900.3 900.7 0.4

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 162.6 164.1 163.1 165.6 163.2 165.0 164.7 165.9 1.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637.9 3,697.3 3,710.3 3,733.2 3,610.3 3,689.5 3,691.6 3,708.9 17.3

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,213.1 2,275.1 2,278.5 2,297.0 2,206.4 2,278.0 2,276.6 2,293.7 17.1

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 160.5 168.4 168.8 168.2 160.9 167.7 168.4 167.4 -1.0

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 339.5 329.6 331.8 332.5 340.9 333.5 334.8 334.7 -0.1

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924.8 924.2 931.2 935.5 902.2 910.3 911.9 913.1 1.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,470 15,167 15,397 15,745 15,552 15,792 15,801 15,856 55

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176.2 2,020.3 2,065.2 2,194.7 2,227.5 2,253.4 2,235.3 2,256.7 21.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 470.0 412.2 423.5 462.2 458.1 450.2 443.0 449.4 6.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.8 148.9 152.9 160.4 158.0 162.9 162.1 163.6 1.5

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,550.4 1,459.2 1,488.8 1,572.1 1,611.4 1,640.3 1,630.2 1,643.7 13.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,293.7 13,147.1 13,331.3 13,550.0 13,324.4 13,538.9 13,565.7 13,599.4 33.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Change

from:

Mar.2017 -

Apr.2017p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,895.3 1,861.7 1,883.3 1,911.1 1,944.1 1,951.4 1,951.8 1,959.3 7.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,398.4 11,285.4 11,448.0 11,638.9 11,380.3 11,587.5 11,613.9 11,640.1 26.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,672 5,673 5,696 5,730 5,674 5,723 5,723 5,730 7

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,294.8 1,287.1 1,293.7 1,296.9 1,290.6 1,292.4 1,293.1 1,291.8 -1.3

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,441.4 1,450.7 1,460.4 1,482.9 1,438.6 1,471.6 1,471.4 1,479.1 7.7

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,935.9 2,935.3 2,942.0 2,950.6 2,944.6 2,959.1 2,958.9 2,959.2 0.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,578 22,623 22,692 22,723 22,161 22,321 22,323 22,340 17

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,777.0 2,800.0 2,797.0 2,800.0 2,769.0 2,815.0 2,812.0 2,806.0 -6.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,174.7 2,185.1 2,180.9 2,185.7 2,178.6 2,199.0 2,196.0 2,195.0 -1.0

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.2 614.6 615.6 614.1 590.1 615.6 616.3 610.5 -5.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,252.0 5,233.0 5,249.0 5,260.0 5,089.0 5,093.0 5,094.0 5,094.0 0.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,574.6 2,566.8 2,577.4 2,590.3 2,409.8 2,417.4 2,417.2 2,420.1 2.9

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,677.7 2,666.2 2,672.0 2,670.1 2,679.3 2,675.5 2,676.3 2,673.6 -2.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,549.0 14,590.0 14,646.0 14,663.0 14,303.0 14,413.0 14,417.0 14,440.0 23.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,230.4 8,262.5 8,301.2 8,284.2 7,904.4 7,955.8 7,964.1 7,972.3 8.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,318.9 6,327.3 6,344.4 6,378.6 6,399.0 6,457.3 6,453.0 6,467.8 14.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.3 34.3 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.3 40.1 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.0 44.2 44.7 44.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.1 38.7 39.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 39.9 39.7 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.2 34.2 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.0 38.9 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.1 30.8 30.9 31.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.7 38.4 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 41.9 42.3 41.4

Information......................................................................... 36.0 36.3 36.3 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.4 37.3 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.0 36.0 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 25.9 26.0 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.8 31.9 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Total private............................................... $25.54 $26.10 $26.12 $26.19 $878.58 $895.23 $895.92 $900.94

Goods-producing....................................... 26.79 27.32 27.34 27.47 1,079.64 1,101.00 1,096.33 1,107.04

Mining and logging.................................. 32.12 32.54 32.57 32.56 1,381.16 1,438.27 1,455.88 1,461.94

Construction.......................................... 27.96 28.48 28.54 28.55 1,093.24 1,113.57 1,104.50 1,119.16

Manufacturing........................................ 25.87 26.39 26.39 26.57 1,052.91 1,074.07 1,071.43 1,081.40

Durable goods.................................... 27.18 27.63 27.62 27.80 1,119.82 1,141.12 1,135.18 1,142.58

Nondurable goods................................ 23.61 24.27 24.28 24.45 942.04 968.37 963.92 975.56

Private service-providing.............................. 25.24 25.81 25.84 25.89 840.49 856.89 857.89 862.14

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.23 22.62 22.62 22.61 764.71 773.60 773.60 780.05

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.40 29.99 29.93 29.93 1,143.66 1,169.61 1,164.28 1,167.27

Retail trade........................................ 17.81 18.01 18.00 18.01 553.89 554.71 556.20 561.91

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.08 23.59 23.66 23.68 895.50 912.93 908.54 916.42

Utilities............................................. 38.22 38.61 38.88 39.23 1,616.71 1,617.76 1,644.62 1,624.12

Information........................................... 36.28 37.56 37.55 37.96 1,306.08 1,363.43 1,363.07 1,381.74

Financial activities................................... 32.15 32.79 32.73 32.86 1,208.84 1,226.35 1,220.83 1,232.25

Professional and business services.............. 30.68 31.37 31.59 31.62 1,107.55 1,129.32 1,137.24 1,141.48

Education and health services..................... 25.67 26.11 26.07 26.15 841.98 859.02 857.70 860.34

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.76 15.26 15.33 15.40 385.24 395.23 398.58 401.94

Other services....................................... 22.93 23.62 23.48 23.53 731.47 751.12 749.01 750.61

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2017 -

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2017 -

Apr.

2017p

Total private..................................... 105.0 106.3 106.3 106.8 0.5 128.3 132.6 132.8 133.7 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 90.6 91.5 91.2 91.7 0.5 109.8 113.0 112.7 113.9 1.1

Mining and logging........................ 92.3 95.1 97.5 99.3 1.8 119.0 124.3 127.5 129.8 1.8

Construction................................ 90.4 92.6 91.7 92.9 1.3 109.8 114.6 113.7 115.3 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 90.5 90.6 90.5 90.8 0.3 108.8 111.2 111.1 112.2 1.0

Durable goods........................... 89.7 89.8 89.4 89.4 0.0 108.3 110.2 109.7 110.4 0.6

Nondurable goods...................... 92.0 92.7 92.3 93.0 0.8 110.2 114.1 113.7 115.3 1.4

Private service-providing.................... 109.2 110.6 110.6 111.1 0.5 133.9 138.7 138.9 139.8 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.7 101.9 101.8 102.8 1.0 121.7 124.0 123.9 125.1 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 99.5 100.5 100.3 100.6 0.3 122.1 125.8 125.2 125.7 0.4

Retail trade.............................. 99.8 99.4 99.6 100.6 1.0 117.5 118.3 118.5 119.7 1.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 110.4 111.7 111.0 111.9 0.8 129.2 133.7 133.2 134.5 1.0

Utilities.................................... 101.7 100.7 101.6 99.6 -2.0 128.4 128.5 130.5 129.1 -1.1

Information................................. 91.4 91.1 90.9 90.9 0.0 118.1 121.8 121.5 122.9 1.2

Financial activities......................... 101.6 102.9 102.7 103.4 0.7 127.4 131.6 131.0 132.6 1.2

Professional and business services..... 113.5 116.1 116.5 117.0 0.4 141.1 147.6 149.0 149.9 0.6

Education and health services........... 120.5 123.3 123.4 123.6 0.2 148.8 154.9 154.7 155.5 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 115.8 116.7 117.2 118.1 0.8 137.9 143.7 145.0 146.7 1.2

Other services............................. 104.4 104.9 105.3 105.4 0.1 131.2 135.8 135.5 135.9 0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Total nonfarm............................................. 71,186 72,238 72,257 72,341 49.5 49.6 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 58,482 59,431 59,443 59,512 48.1 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,316 4,364 4,367 4,375 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 101 100 101 102 14.8 14.6 14.6 14.5

Construction....................................... 837 863 859 862 12.5 12.6 12.5 12.5

Manufacturing..................................... 3,378 3,401 3,407 3,411 27.3 27.5 27.5 27.5

Durable goods.................................. 1,805 1,805 1,809 1,810 23.3 23.4 23.4 23.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,573 1,596 1,598 1,601 34.0 34.3 34.3 34.3

Private service-providing........................... 54,166 55,067 55,076 55,137 53.1 53.2 53.2 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,053 11,064 11,035 11,039 40.7 40.4 40.3 40.3

Wholesale trade................................ 1,733.3 1,745.9 1,741.7 1,741.4 29.6 29.6 29.5 29.4

Retail trade..................................... 7,986.8 7,959.4 7,937.6 7,938.1 50.6 50.1 50.0 50.0

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,202.1 1,230.2 1,228.4 1,231.7 24.2 24.4 24.3 24.4

Utilities........................................... 131.2 128.0 127.3 128.0 23.6 23.0 22.9 23.0

Information......................................... 1,108 1,097 1,092 1,092 39.8 39.9 39.8 39.9

Financial activities................................ 4,697 4,760 4,760 4,765 56.9 56.7 56.6 56.6

Professional and business services............ 8,955 9,223 9,249 9,255 44.8 45.0 45.0 44.9

Education and health services.................. 17,316 17,692 17,703 17,728 77.0 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,065 8,216 8,218 8,233 51.9 52.0 52.0 51.9

Other services..................................... 2,972 3,015 3,019 3,025 52.4 52.7 52.8 52.8

Government............................................. 12,704 12,807 12,814 12,829 57.3 57.4 57.4 57.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Total private............................................................................... 100,179 101,784 101,864 101,991

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,229 14,364 14,378 14,397

Mining and logging.................................................................. 482 482 491 500

Construction.......................................................................... 5,068 5,193 5,190 5,193

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,679 8,689 8,697 8,704

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,323 5,311 5,315 5,309

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,356 3,378 3,382 3,395

Private service-providing.............................................................. 85,950 87,420 87,486 87,594

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,853 23,044 23,031 23,046

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,686.0 4,725.4 4,732.9 4,743.2

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,424.7 13,494.4 13,468.0 13,466.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,297.0 4,376.9 4,381.8 4,388.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.2 447.1 447.8 448.0

Information............................................................................ 2,243 2,213 2,209 2,205

Financial activities................................................................... 6,391 6,530 6,530 6,539

Professional and business services............................................... 16,357 16,801 16,852 16,866

Education and health services..................................................... 19,721 20,158 20,173 20,206

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,679 13,932 13,947 13,984

Other services........................................................................ 4,706 4,742 4,744 4,748

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 41.3 41.0 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.9 45.9 45.8 46.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.8 39.4 39.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.9 41.7 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.2 42.4 42.2 42.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.1 41.3 41.0 41.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.8 38.8 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.8 30.0 30.0 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.3 38.0 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.2 42.6 41.8

Information......................................................................... 35.6 35.7 35.7 35.8

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 36.9 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.3 35.3 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.3 32.2 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.9 24.8 24.8 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Total private............................................... $21.46 $21.86 $21.90 $21.96 $721.06 $734.50 $735.84 $740.05

Goods-producing....................................... 22.46 22.87 22.94 22.96 923.11 944.53 940.54 945.95

Mining and logging.................................. 27.13 27.54 27.76 27.83 1,218.14 1,264.09 1,271.41 1,280.18

Construction.......................................... 25.72 26.29 26.39 26.36 1,015.94 1,046.34 1,039.77 1,049.13

Manufacturing........................................ 20.39 20.64 20.69 20.72 852.30 864.82 862.77 866.10

Durable goods.................................... 21.46 21.61 21.65 21.63 905.61 916.26 913.63 910.62

Nondurable goods................................ 18.63 19.08 19.14 19.26 765.69 788.00 784.74 795.44

Private service-providing.............................. 21.25 21.65 21.69 21.75 688.50 701.46 700.59 704.70

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.94 19.20 19.24 19.26 634.49 645.12 646.46 650.99

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.11 24.58 24.54 24.66 930.65 953.70 952.15 956.81

Retail trade........................................ 15.03 15.22 15.24 15.26 447.89 456.60 457.20 462.38

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.88 21.04 21.14 21.17 810.14 805.83 803.32 810.81

Utilities............................................. 35.10 36.00 36.25 36.08 1,484.73 1,519.20 1,544.25 1,508.14

Information........................................... 29.84 30.36 30.44 30.54 1,062.30 1,083.85 1,086.71 1,093.33

Financial activities................................... 26.11 26.29 26.38 26.49 968.68 970.10 973.42 977.48

Professional and business services.............. 25.27 25.83 25.91 26.01 897.09 911.80 914.62 920.75

Education and health services..................... 22.47 22.89 22.88 22.95 723.53 739.35 736.74 736.70

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.78 13.18 13.24 13.30 318.22 326.86 328.35 331.17

Other services....................................... 19.28 19.84 19.73 19.81 595.75 611.07 607.68 610.15

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2017 -

Apr.

2017p

Apr.

2016

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017p

Apr.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2017 -

Apr.

2017p

Total private..................................... 112.1 113.9 114.0 114.5 0.4 160.8 166.5 166.9 168.1 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 89.4 90.7 90.1 90.6 0.6 122.9 127.0 126.5 127.4 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 115.0 117.6 119.5 122.2 2.3 181.5 188.3 192.9 197.8 2.5

Construction................................ 100.2 103.5 102.4 103.5 1.1 139.2 146.9 145.9 147.3 1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 83.3 83.6 83.3 83.5 0.2 111.0 112.8 112.6 113.2 0.5

Durable goods........................... 84.4 84.6 84.3 84.0 -0.4 113.1 114.2 113.9 113.4 -0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 81.3 82.2 81.7 82.6 1.1 107.0 110.8 110.5 112.4 1.7

Private service-providing.................... 118.6 120.6 120.3 120.9 0.5 172.8 179.1 179.0 180.3 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.7 107.9 107.9 108.6 0.6 144.2 147.8 148.1 149.2 0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 106.5 108.0 108.1 108.4 0.3 151.3 156.3 156.3 157.4 0.7

Retail trade.............................. 101.3 102.5 102.3 103.3 1.0 130.4 133.7 133.6 135.1 1.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 125.5 126.2 125.3 126.5 1.0 166.2 168.4 168.1 169.9 1.1

Utilities.................................... 96.3 96.5 97.6 95.8 -1.8 141.1 145.0 147.6 144.2 -2.3

Information................................. 91.1 90.2 90.0 90.1 0.1 134.6 135.5 135.6 136.2 0.4

Financial activities......................... 111.6 113.4 113.4 113.6 0.2 179.3 183.5 184.1 185.1 0.5

Professional and business services..... 130.1 132.9 133.3 133.8 0.4 195.7 204.3 205.6 207.1 0.7

Education and health services........... 135.4 138.8 138.5 138.3 -0.1 200.8 209.7 209.2 209.5 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 124.8 126.6 126.7 127.5 0.6 181.1 189.4 190.5 192.6 1.1

Other services............................. 102.0 102.4 102.5 102.6 0.1 143.3 148.1 147.3 148.0 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.