Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0622 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 6, 2011 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – APRIL 2011 

Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 244,000 in April, and the unemployment rate edged up to 9.0 

percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in several serviceproviding industries, manufacturing, and mining. 

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 A pr-11

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, April 2009 – April 2011

Percent

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2009 – April 2011

Household Survey Data 

The number of unemployed persons, at 13.7 million, changed little in April. The unemployment rate 

edged up from 8.8 to 9.0 percent over the month but was 0.8 percentage point lower than in November. 

The labor force also was little changed in April. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (8.8 percent), adult women 

(7.9 percent), teenagers (24.9 percent), whites (8.0 percent), blacks (16.1 percent), and Hispanics (11.8 

percent) showed little change in April. The jobless rate for Asians was 6.4 percent, not seasonally 

adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks increased by 242,000 in April. The number 

of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) declined by 283,000 to 5.8 million; 

their share of unemployment declined to 43.4 percent. (See table A-12.) 
- 2 - 

The civilian labor force participation rate was 64.2 percent for the fourth consecutive month. The 

employment-population ratio, at 58.4 percent, changed little in April. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed over the month, at 8.6 million. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.) 

In April, 2.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year 

earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 989,000 discouraged workers in April, a decline of 

208,000 from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 244,000 in April, and the private sector added 

268,000 jobs. Employment rose in a number of service-providing industries, manufacturing, and mining. 

Since a recent low in February 2010, total payroll employment has grown by 1.8 million. Private sector 

employment has increased by 2.1 million over the same period. (See table B-1.) 

In April, employment in retail trade rose by 57,000. Within the industry, employment in general 

merchandise stores increased by 27,000, offsetting a decline of similar magnitude in the prior month. 

Elsewhere in retail trade, April job gains occurred in electronics and appliance stores (+6,000), building 

material and garden supply stores (+6,000), and automobile dealers (+5,000). 

Employment in professional and business services continued to expand in April, with an increase of 

51,000. Job gains occurred in management and technical consulting services (+11,000) and in computer 

systems design and related services (+8,000). Employment in temporary help services was little changed 

over the month, following an increase of 34,000 in March. 

Health care continued to add jobs in April (+37,000). Within health care, job gains continued in 

ambulatory health care (+22,000) and hospitals (+10,000). 

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to increase in April (+46,000). Over the past 3 

months, this industry added 151,000 jobs, with nearly two-thirds of the growth in food services and 

drinking places. 

Employment in both state government and local government continued to trend down, with April 

losses concentrated in the non-educational components. Elsewhere in the service-providing sector, 

employment in information, financial activities, and transportation and warehousing changed little 

in April. 

In the goods-producing sector of the economy, manufacturing employment rose by 29,000 in April. 

Since reaching an employment low in December 2009, manufacturing has added 250,000 jobs, including 
- 3 - 

141,000 in 2011. Over the month, employment growth continued in machinery (+5,000), primary metals 

(+4,000), and computer and electronic products (+4,000). 

Mining added 11,000 jobs in April. More than half of the gain occurred in support activities for mining. 

Since a recent low point in October 2009, employment in mining has increased by 107,000. 

Construction employment was about unchanged in April. This industry has shown little net movement 

since early 2010, after having fallen sharply during the prior 3 years. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.3 hours in April. 

The manufacturing workweek for all employees, at 40.4 hours, also was unchanged over the month, 

while factory overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in April at 33.6 hours. (See 

tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents, 

or 0.1 percent, to $22.95. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 1.9 percent. In 

April, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 5 

cents, or 0.3 percent, to $19.37. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +194,000 to +235,000, 

and the change for March was revised from +216,000 to +221,000. 

______________ 

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 3, 2011, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Change from:

Mar. 2011-

Apr. 2011

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 237,329 238,851 239,000 239,146 146

Civilian labor force............................................................ 154,520 153,246 153,406 153,421 15

Participation rate........................................................... 65.1 64.2 64.2 64.2 0.0

Employed.................................................................... 139,382 139,573 139,864 139,674 -190

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.4 -0.1

Unemployed................................................................. 15,138 13,673 13,542 13,747 205

Unemployment rate..................................................... 9.8 8.9 8.8 9.0 0.2

Not in labor force............................................................. 82,809 85,605 85,594 85,725 131

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 9.8 8.9 8.8 9.0 0.2

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 10.0 8.7 8.6 8.8 0.2

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 8.2 8.0 7.7 7.9 0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 25.4 23.9 24.5 24.9 0.4

White........................................................................... 9.0 8.0 7.9 8.0 0.1

Black or African American................................................... 16.5 15.3 15.5 16.1 0.6

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 6.8 6.8 7.1 6.4 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 12.4 11.6 11.3 11.8 0.5

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 8.3 7.6 7.4 7.6 0.2

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 14.7 13.9 13.7 14.6 0.9

High school graduates, no college......................................... 10.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 0.2

Some college or associate degree......................................... 8.3 7.8 7.4 7.5 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 9,237 8,334 8,209 8,144 -65

Job leavers....................................................................... 933 898 896 942 46

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,749 3,352 3,262 3,375 113

New entrants..................................................................... 1,217 1,337 1,360 1,346 -14

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,695 2,390 2,449 2,691 242

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,000 3,094 2,914 2,907 -7

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,274 2,179 1,957 2,006 49

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 6,659 5,993 6,122 5,839 -283

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 9,146 8,340 8,433 8,600 167

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 6,247 5,630 5,595 5,689 94

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,492 2,415 2,332 2,480 148

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,035 18,220 18,417 18,282 -135

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,432 2,730 2,434 2,466 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 1,197 1,020 921 989 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 235 221 244

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 261 231 268

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 81 37 44

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 13 10

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 39 2 5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 37 22 29

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 28 21 19

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 -0.5 2.5 2.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 1 10

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 180 194 224

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 15.8 16.1 7.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 0.1 -3.2 57.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 17.0 3.0 4.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -3 -2 2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -1 5 4

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 38 86 51

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 11.5 34.4 -2.3

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 43 33 49

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 27.6 39.0 41.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 54 51 46

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 14 6 1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 -26 -10 -24

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 49.6 49.6 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 34.3 34.3 34.3

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.52 $ 22.88 $ 22.92 $ 22.95

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $767.93 $784.78 $786.16 $787.19

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.6 93.1 93.3 93.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.3 101.6 102.0 102.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 33.6 33.6 33.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18.98 $ 19.32 $ 19.32 $ 19.37

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $633.93 $649.15 $649.15 $650.83

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 100.2 100.5 100.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.0 129.4 129.7 130.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 70.8 64.4 64.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 67.9 63.0 65.4

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of 

its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than 

the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information 

on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 
 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People 

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or 

question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and 

other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment 

Situation news release. 

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for 

holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but 

not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off 

work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as 

those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to 

be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have 

a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the 

effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the 

month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed 

whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of 

persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire 

week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most 

requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment 

that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD 

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about 

140,000 businesses and government agencies representing 

approximately 440,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 9 million unemployment insurance 

tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between 

surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a 

more useful tool with which to analyze changes in monthto-month economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237,329 239,000 239,146 237,329 238,889 238,704 238,851 239,000 239,146

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,911 153,022 152,898 154,520 153,690 153,186 153,246 153,406 153,421

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 64.0 63.9 65.1 64.3 64.2 64.2 64.2 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,302 138,962 139,661 139,382 139,206 139,323 139,573 139,864 139,674

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.1 58.4 58.7 58.3 58.4 58.4 58.5 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,609 14,060 13,237 15,138 14,485 13,863 13,673 13,542 13,747

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.2 8.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,418 85,977 86,248 82,809 85,199 85,518 85,605 85,594 85,725

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,865 6,250 6,482 5,928 6,471 6,410 6,410 6,509 6,539

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,910 115,988 116,067 114,910 115,731 115,828 115,907 115,988 116,067

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,014 81,491 81,354 82,355 81,845 81,544 81,720 81,674 81,684

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 70.3 70.1 71.7 70.7 70.4 70.5 70.4 70.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,315 73,187 73,761 73,526 73,600 73,800 74,122 74,108 73,973

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 63.1 63.6 64.0 63.6 63.7 63.9 63.9 63.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,699 8,304 7,593 8,829 8,245 7,744 7,598 7,566 7,712

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 10.2 9.3 10.7 10.1 9.5 9.3 9.3 9.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,897 34,497 34,713 32,556 33,886 34,284 34,187 34,313 34,382

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,301 107,381 107,469 106,301 107,216 107,203 107,292 107,381 107,469

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,122 78,788 78,702 79,279 78,906 78,506 78,795 78,764 78,856

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 73.4 73.2 74.6 73.6 73.2 73.4 73.4 73.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,226 71,207 71,822 71,348 71,480 71,589 71,954 71,959 71,939

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 66.3 66.8 67.1 66.7 66.8 67.1 67.0 66.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,895 7,581 6,880 7,931 7,426 6,917 6,841 6,805 6,917

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 9.6 8.7 10.0 9.4 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,179 28,593 28,767 27,022 28,310 28,698 28,497 28,617 28,612

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,419 123,012 123,079 122,419 123,158 122,876 122,944 123,012 123,079

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,898 71,532 71,544 72,165 71,845 71,642 71,526 71,732 71,737

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.1 58.1 58.9 58.3 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,988 65,775 65,900 65,856 65,605 65,523 65,451 65,756 65,702

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 53.5 53.5 53.8 53.3 53.3 53.2 53.5 53.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,910 5,756 5,644 6,309 6,240 6,119 6,075 5,976 6,035

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 8.0 7.9 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,521 51,481 51,535 50,253 51,313 51,234 51,418 51,280 51,342

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,066 114,792 114,868 114,066 114,894 114,637 114,714 114,792 114,868

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,101 68,903 68,863 69,167 69,027 68,839 68,802 68,898 68,896

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 60.0 59.9 60.6 60.1 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,746 63,681 63,733 63,501 63,428 63,392 63,319 63,566 63,479

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.5 55.5 55.7 55.2 55.3 55.2 55.4 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,355 5,223 5,130 5,665 5,599 5,447 5,483 5,332 5,417

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.6 7.4 8.2 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,965 45,888 46,005 44,899 45,867 45,798 45,912 45,894 45,972

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,962 16,827 16,809 16,962 16,780 16,863 16,845 16,827 16,809

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,689 5,331 5,333 6,074 5,757 5,841 5,649 5,744 5,669

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 31.7 31.7 35.8 34.3 34.6 33.5 34.1 33.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,330 4,075 4,106 4,533 4,298 4,341 4,300 4,339 4,255

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 24.2 24.4 26.7 25.6 25.7 25.5 25.8 25.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 1,257 1,227 1,542 1,460 1,500 1,350 1,405 1,413

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 23.6 23.0 25.4 25.4 25.7 23.9 24.5 24.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,273 11,496 11,476 10,888 11,022 11,022 11,196 11,083 11,140

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,749 192,688 192,771 191,749 192,749 192,516 192,601 192,688 192,771

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,062 124,156 124,140 125,739 124,700 124,192 124,237 124,497 124,650

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 64.4 64.4 65.6 64.7 64.5 64.5 64.6 64.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,302 113,877 114,597 114,465 114,079 114,197 114,330 114,706 114,652

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.1 59.4 59.7 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,760 10,279 9,542 11,275 10,620 9,995 9,907 9,791 9,998

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.3 7.7 9.0 8.5 8.0 8.0 7.9 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,687 68,532 68,632 66,009 68,049 68,325 68,364 68,191 68,122

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,392 64,890 64,904 65,600 65,041 64,673 64,919 64,864 65,032

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.9 73.8 73.7 75.1 74.0 73.6 73.9 73.7 73.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,460 59,254 59,869 59,528 59,484 59,586 59,860 59,850 59,903

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 67.4 68.0 68.2 67.7 67.8 68.1 68.0 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,932 5,635 5,035 6,072 5,557 5,086 5,059 5,014 5,129

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.7 7.8 9.3 8.5 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,971 54,900 54,882 55,116 54,914 54,686 54,677 54,950 54,971

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 59.8 59.7 60.2 59.7 59.6 59.5 59.8 59.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,174 51,169 51,275 51,091 50,920 50,878 50,816 51,184 51,138

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.7 55.8 55.8 55.3 55.4 55.3 55.7 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,797 3,730 3,606 4,025 3,994 3,808 3,860 3,766 3,833

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 6.8 6.6 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,699 4,367 4,354 5,024 4,746 4,833 4,641 4,683 4,646

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 34.0 33.9 38.8 37.1 37.5 36.1 36.4 36.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,668 3,454 3,453 3,846 3,676 3,732 3,654 3,672 3,610

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 26.9 26.9 29.7 28.7 29.0 28.4 28.6 28.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,031 913 901 1,178 1,070 1,100 987 1,011 1,036

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 20.9 20.7 23.4 22.5 22.8 21.3 21.6 22.3

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,624 29,005 29,035 28,624 28,896 28,947 28,976 29,005 29,035

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,868 17,705 17,765 17,967 17,958 17,857 17,865 17,836 17,849

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 61.0 61.2 62.8 62.1 61.7 61.7 61.5 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,020 14,965 14,966 14,996 15,119 15,048 15,124 15,067 14,966

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5 51.6 51.5 52.4 52.3 52.0 52.2 51.9 51.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,848 2,740 2,799 2,971 2,839 2,809 2,741 2,769 2,882

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 15.5 15.8 16.5 15.8 15.7 15.3 15.5 16.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,756 11,300 11,270 10,657 10,939 11,090 11,112 11,169 11,186

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,081 8,093 8,091 8,112 8,106 8,054 8,053 8,119 8,113

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 68.5 68.4 70.1 69.1 68.3 68.2 68.7 68.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,635 6,635 6,688 6,672 6,764 6,723 6,745 6,758 6,731

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 56.1 56.5 57.6 57.6 57.1 57.2 57.2 56.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446 1,458 1,403 1,440 1,341 1,331 1,309 1,361 1,382

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.9 18.0 17.3 17.7 16.5 16.5 16.2 16.8 17.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,151 8,990 9,032 9,175 9,204 9,146 9,185 9,050 9,054

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 61.7 61.9 63.8 63.3 62.9 63.1 62.1 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,971 7,953 7,877 7,904 7,993 7,966 7,993 7,923 7,836

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 54.6 54.0 55.0 55.0 54.8 54.9 54.4 53.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181 1,037 1,155 1,270 1,211 1,179 1,192 1,127 1,217

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 11.5 12.8 13.8 13.2 12.9 13.0 12.5 13.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 623 642 681 648 658 627 668 682

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 23.8 24.6 25.5 24.6 25.1 23.9 25.6 26.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 378 402 420 361 359 386 387 398

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 14.5 15.4 15.7 13.7 13.7 14.7 14.8 15.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 245 241 261 287 299 241 281 284

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 39.3 37.5 38.3 44.2 45.4 38.4 42.1 41.6

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,138 11,301 11,378 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,300 7,410 7,295 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.6 64.1 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,806 6,881 6,832 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 60.9 60.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 529 463 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.1 6.4 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,838 3,892 4,083 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 33,498 34,155 34,233 33,498 34,188 34,001 34,079 34,155 34,233

Civilian labor force................................. 22,554 22,585 22,672 22,674 22,868 22,823 22,519 22,676 22,798

Participation rate................................. 67.3 66.1 66.2 67.7 66.9 67.1 66.1 66.4 66.6

Employed......................................... 19,872 19,896 20,124 19,854 19,906 20,099 19,912 20,105 20,110

Employment-population ratio................ 59.3 58.3 58.8 59.3 58.2 59.1 58.4 58.9 58.7

Unemployed...................................... 2,682 2,690 2,548 2,820 2,962 2,724 2,606 2,571 2,688

Unemployment rate........................... 11.9 11.9 11.2 12.4 13.0 11.9 11.6 11.3 11.8

Not in labor force................................... 10,944 11,570 11,561 10,824 11,320 11,178 11,561 11,479 11,435

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,838 12,889 12,899 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 82.4 81.6 81.4 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,405 11,452 11,568 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 73.2 72.5 73.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,433 1,437 1,331 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.2 11.1 10.3 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,754 8,788 8,896 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.6 58.7 59.3 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,786 7,825 7,884 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 53.0 52.3 52.6 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 969 963 1,012 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.1 11.0 11.4 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 961 909 878 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 29.7 26.8 25.9 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 681 619 672 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 21.0 18.3 19.8 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 280 290 206 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 29.2 31.9 23.4 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 12,225 11,565 11,703 12,079 11,758 11,383 11,317 11,652 11,567

Participation rate.................................... 46.8 45.7 46.1 46.2 46.0 45.1 45.5 46.1 45.5

Employed............................................ 10,447 9,809 10,000 10,303 9,963 9,770 9,749 10,059 9,876

Employment-population ratio................... 40.0 38.8 39.4 39.4 39.0 38.7 39.2 39.8 38.9

Unemployed......................................... 1,778 1,756 1,703 1,776 1,795 1,613 1,568 1,593 1,691

Unemployment rate.............................. 14.5 15.2 14.5 14.7 15.3 14.2 13.9 13.7 14.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 38,779 37,541 37,485 38,854 38,203 37,513 37,525 37,171 37,506

Participation rate.................................... 62.3 60.6 60.4 62.4 60.9 60.3 60.3 60.0 60.4

Employed............................................ 34,723 33,604 33,886 34,763 34,465 33,972 33,965 33,654 33,881

Employment-population ratio................... 55.8 54.3 54.6 55.8 54.9 54.6 54.6 54.4 54.6

Unemployed......................................... 4,056 3,937 3,599 4,091 3,738 3,541 3,560 3,517 3,626

Unemployment rate.............................. 10.5 10.5 9.6 10.5 9.8 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,547 36,519 36,463 36,650 36,809 36,841 36,784 36,653 36,637

Participation rate.................................... 70.8 69.5 69.3 71.0 70.2 70.2 69.5 69.7 69.7

Employed............................................ 33,590 33,708 33,829 33,625 33,821 33,878 33,919 33,938 33,907

Employment-population ratio................... 65.1 64.1 64.3 65.1 64.5 64.6 64.1 64.6 64.5

Unemployed......................................... 2,957 2,811 2,634 3,025 2,988 2,963 2,865 2,715 2,730

Unemployment rate.............................. 8.1 7.7 7.2 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.4 7.5

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 45,794 46,979 46,913 45,839 46,312 46,263 46,591 46,919 46,897

Participation rate.................................... 77.2 77.0 77.0 77.2 76.9 76.4 76.9 76.9 77.0

Employed............................................ 43,778 44,943 44,976 43,641 44,095 44,322 44,588 44,843 44,789

Employment-population ratio................... 73.8 73.6 73.8 73.5 73.2 73.2 73.6 73.5 73.5

Unemployed......................................... 2,015 2,036 1,937 2,198 2,217 1,941 2,003 2,076 2,109

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,093 21,697 20,310 19,898 1,783 1,799

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,742 11,318 10,632 10,191 1,110 1,128

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.1 52.2 52.4 51.2 62.2 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,679 10,445 9,669 9,427 1,010 1,018

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.1 47.6 47.4 56.6 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,064 873 964 764 100 110

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 7.7 9.1 7.5 9.0 9.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,351 10,379 9,678 9,707 673 671

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,101 2,466 1,748 1,996 353 470

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,694 1,962 1,441 1,646 254 315

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.6 79.5 82.4 82.5 71.9 67.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,472 1,748 1,249 1,454 223 293

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.9 71.4 72.9 63.2 62.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 214 192 192 31 22

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 10.9 13.3 11.7 12.0 6.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 505 308 350 99 155

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,989 2,855 2,500 2,417 489 437

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,610 2,406 2,226 2,087 383 319

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.3 84.3 89.0 86.3 78.4 72.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,397 2,248 2,047 1,953 350 296

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 78.7 81.9 80.8 71.6 67.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 158 179 135 33 23

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 6.6 8.1 6.5 8.7 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 449 274 330 106 119

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,103 10,529 10,725 10,201 377 327

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,019 3,582 3,904 3,444 116 139

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 34.0 36.4 33.8 30.7 42.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,726 3,354 3,614 3,235 112 119

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 31.9 33.7 31.7 29.6 36.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 229 289 209 4 19

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.4 7.4 6.1 3.4 13.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,083 6,946 6,822 6,758 262 189

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,900 5,847 5,336 5,283 564 565

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,419 3,368 3,062 3,013 357 355

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 57.6 57.4 57.0 63.3 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,084 3,095 2,759 2,786 325 309

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 52.9 51.7 52.7 57.6 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 273 303 227 32 45

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 8.1 9.9 7.6 9.0 12.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,481 2,479 2,274 2,270 207 210

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206,378 208,727 90,114 91,652 116,264 117,075

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,337 139,957 70,471 70,399 69,867 69,558

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 67.1 78.2 76.8 60.1 59.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,291 128,072 63,007 63,803 64,284 64,269

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 61.4 69.9 69.6 55.3 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,046 11,885 7,463 6,596 5,583 5,289

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.5 10.6 9.4 8.0 7.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,041 68,771 19,644 21,253 46,397 47,518

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 26,590 27,603 210,739 211,543

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,897 5,699 148,015 147,199

Participation rate...................................................................... 22.2 20.6 70.2 69.6

Employed.............................................................................. 4,999 4,873 134,303 134,789

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 18.8 17.7 63.7 63.7

Unemployed........................................................................... 897 827 13,712 12,410

Unemployment rate................................................................ 15.2 14.5 9.3 8.4

Not in labor force........................................................................ 20,693 21,904 62,725 64,344

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,731 2,591 75,654 74,820

Participation rate...................................................................... 37.8 34.5 83.2 82.0

Employed.............................................................................. 2,258 2,172 67,665 67,901

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 31.2 28.9 74.4 74.4

Unemployed........................................................................... 473 418 7,989 6,920

Unemployment rate................................................................ 17.3 16.1 10.6 9.2

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,496 4,929 15,316 16,399

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,393 2,229 66,545 66,156

Participation rate...................................................................... 31.4 28.9 71.6 71.0

Employed.............................................................................. 2,035 1,890 61,148 61,012

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 26.7 24.5 65.8 65.5

Unemployed........................................................................... 358 339 5,397 5,144

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.9 15.2 8.1 7.8

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,227 5,497 26,395 27,047

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 773 879 5,816 6,223

Participation rate...................................................................... 6.6 7.1 21.7 22.9

Employed.............................................................................. 707 810 5,490 5,876

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.0 6.6 20.5 21.7

Unemployed........................................................................... 67 69 326 347

Unemployment rate................................................................ 8.6 7.8 5.6 5.6

Not in labor force........................................................................ 10,970 11,478 21,014 20,898

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 34,996 35,737 17,581 17,848 17,415 17,889

Civilian labor force................................................... 23,916 23,915 14,179 14,174 9,737 9,741

Participation rate................................................... 68.3 66.9 80.7 79.4 55.9 54.5

Employed........................................................... 21,816 21,741 12,940 12,911 8,876 8,830

Employment-population ratio.................................. 62.3 60.8 73.6 72.3 51.0 49.4

Unemployed........................................................ 2,100 2,174 1,239 1,263 861 911

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.8 9.1 8.7 8.9 8.8 9.3

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,080 11,822 3,402 3,674 7,678 8,148

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 202,333 203,409 97,329 98,219 105,003 105,191

Civilian labor force................................................... 129,995 128,984 67,834 67,180 62,161 61,804

Participation rate................................................... 64.2 63.4 69.7 68.4 59.2 58.8

Employed........................................................... 117,486 117,920 60,374 60,850 57,112 57,070

Employment-population ratio.................................. 58.1 58.0 62.0 62.0 54.4 54.3

Unemployed........................................................ 12,509 11,063 7,460 6,330 5,049 4,733

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.6 8.6 11.0 9.4 8.1 7.7

Not in labor force..................................................... 72,337 74,425 29,495 31,039 42,843 43,387

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,210 2,145 2,061 2,242 2,176 2,256 2,255 2,251 2,087

Wage and salary workers1....................... 1,343 1,303 1,198 1,386 1,384 1,390 1,340 1,423 1,245

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 837 824 830 825 775 861 889 835 818

Unpaid family workers............................. 30 17 33 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 137,092 136,818 137,601 137,134 137,001 137,088 137,443 137,738 137,595

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 128,031 128,060 128,814 128,107 128,043 128,151 128,664 128,800 128,840

Government...................................... 21,844 21,082 21,112 21,403 20,759 20,740 20,933 20,858 20,726

Private industries................................ 106,187 106,978 107,702 106,720 107,303 107,409 107,681 107,946 108,186

Private households............................ 711 695 671 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 105,476 106,283 107,031 105,995 106,665 106,774 106,965 107,251 107,510

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,948 8,652 8,693 8,892 8,783 8,864 8,688 8,773 8,650

Unpaid family workers............................. 114 105 94 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3................... 8,921 8,737 8,425 9,146 8,931 8,407 8,340 8,433 8,600

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,113 5,812 5,547 6,247 6,011 5,771 5,630 5,595 5,689

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,571 2,529 2,605 2,492 2,568 2,510 2,415 2,332 2,480

Part time for noneconomic reasons4.............. 18,853 18,912 19,163 18,035 18,184 17,929 18,220 18,417 18,282

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,830 8,537 8,305 9,048 8,789 8,242 8,248 8,265 8,475

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,063 5,708 5,448 6,186 5,911 5,661 5,558 5,504 5,581

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,558 2,503 2,595 2,480 2,542 2,513 2,383 2,305 2,457

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,506 18,565 18,803 17,733 17,829 17,552 17,835 17,984 17,967

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,302 138,962 139,661 139,382 139,206 139,323 139,573 139,864 139,674

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,330 4,075 4,106 4,533 4,298 4,341 4,300 4,339 4,255

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,333 1,172 1,145 1,450 1,434 1,406 1,311 1,326 1,247

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,998 2,903 2,961 3,052 2,869 2,939 3,000 2,990 2,989

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,972 134,887 135,555 134,850 134,908 134,982 135,274 135,525 135,419

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,434 12,823 12,864 12,562 12,713 12,941 12,954 13,021 12,978

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,539 122,064 122,691 122,279 122,196 122,026 122,245 122,479 122,423

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,543 93,442 93,762 94,422 93,962 93,758 93,764 93,949 93,690

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,221 30,303 30,318 30,219 30,345 30,438 30,412 30,538 30,354

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,912 30,453 30,483 30,872 30,447 30,373 30,409 30,605 30,441

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,410 32,686 32,961 33,331 33,170 32,946 32,943 32,806 32,895

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,995 28,622 28,929 27,857 28,234 28,268 28,481 28,530 28,733

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,315 73,187 73,761 73,526 73,600 73,800 74,122 74,108 73,973

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088 1,980 1,939 2,177 2,121 2,211 2,168 2,149 2,033

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 604 531 694 695 717 668 688 582

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450 1,376 1,408 1,491 1,420 1,471 1,495 1,454 1,441

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,226 71,207 71,822 71,348 71,480 71,589 71,954 71,959 71,939

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,319 6,579 6,651 6,391 6,568 6,784 6,715 6,731 6,712

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,907 64,628 65,171 64,933 64,904 64,789 65,179 65,207 65,193

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,285 49,659 49,988 50,364 50,117 50,005 50,247 50,241 50,107

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,299 16,401 16,447 16,374 16,428 16,542 16,627 16,677 16,557

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,650 16,319 16,401 16,666 16,522 16,394 16,477 16,481 16,428

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,336 16,939 17,140 17,324 17,168 17,070 17,143 17,083 17,123

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,623 14,969 15,183 14,570 14,787 14,784 14,932 14,966 15,087

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,988 65,775 65,900 65,856 65,605 65,523 65,451 65,756 65,702

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,242 2,095 2,167 2,355 2,177 2,130 2,132 2,190 2,222

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 568 614 756 739 689 644 638 665

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,548 1,527 1,554 1,561 1,449 1,468 1,506 1,537 1,548

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,746 63,681 63,733 63,501 63,428 63,392 63,319 63,566 63,479

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,115 6,244 6,213 6,171 6,145 6,157 6,239 6,290 6,266

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,631 57,436 57,520 57,346 57,292 57,237 57,065 57,272 57,230

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,259 43,783 43,774 44,058 43,845 43,752 43,517 43,708 43,584

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,922 13,902 13,871 13,845 13,917 13,897 13,785 13,862 13,798

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,263 14,135 14,082 14,206 13,925 13,979 13,931 14,124 14,014

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,074 15,746 15,821 16,007 16,003 15,877 15,800 15,723 15,772

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,373 13,653 13,746 13,288 13,447 13,485 13,549 13,564 13,646

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,256 42,636 42,992 43,248 43,081 42,915 42,957 42,880 42,987

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,812 34,292 34,211 34,592 34,612 34,571 34,496 34,236 34,062

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,907 8,744 8,968 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,391 111,186 111,844 112,056 111,744 112,356 112,660 112,775 112,484

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,912 27,776 27,817 27,201 27,394 26,901 26,878 27,087 27,088

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,105 6,809 6,887 7,008 6,950 6,840 6,764 6,746 6,775

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,124 5,169 5,030 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,785 9,476 9,523 9,718 9,559 9,724 9,577 9,608 9,468

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 15,138 13,542 13,747 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,542 1,405 1,413 25.4 25.4 25.7 23.9 24.5 24.9

16 to 17 years.................................... 599 542 570 29.2 27.1 27.8 28.8 29.0 31.4

18 to 19 years.................................... 967 869 855 24.1 24.5 24.6 21.5 22.5 22.2

20 years and over.................................. 13,596 12,137 12,334 9.2 8.8 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.3

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,598 2,297 2,279 17.1 15.3 15.2 15.4 15.0 14.9

25 years and over............................... 11,007 9,858 10,109 8.3 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.6

25 to 54 years................................. 8,911 7,933 8,117 8.6 8.5 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.0

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,426 3,068 3,197 10.2 10.1 9.3 9.4 9.1 9.5

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,711 2,361 2,407 8.1 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.3

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,774 2,504 2,513 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.1

55 years and over............................. 2,091 1,969 1,994 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.5

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 8,829 7,566 7,712 10.7 10.1 9.5 9.3 9.3 9.4

16 to 19 years...................................... 898 761 795 29.2 27.8 27.2 25.9 26.2 28.1

16 to 17 years.................................... 332 275 283 32.3 29.0 29.1 28.5 28.5 32.7

18 to 19 years.................................... 572 492 517 27.7 27.4 26.6 24.8 25.3 26.4

20 years and over.................................. 7,931 6,805 6,917 10.0 9.4 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.8

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,577 1,319 1,284 19.8 16.9 15.9 16.4 16.4 16.1

25 years and over............................... 6,330 5,486 5,625 8.9 8.6 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.9

25 to 54 years................................. 5,146 4,396 4,505 9.3 8.9 8.3 8.1 8.0 8.2

25 to 34 years.............................. 2,002 1,703 1,812 10.9 10.6 9.8 9.5 9.3 9.9

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,547 1,287 1,273 8.5 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.2

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,598 1,406 1,420 8.4 8.3 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.7

55 years and over............................. 1,184 1,090 1,121 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.8 6.9

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 6,309 5,976 6,035 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.4

16 to 19 years...................................... 643 644 619 21.5 22.8 24.0 21.8 22.7 21.8

16 to 17 years.................................... 267 267 287 26.1 25.2 26.4 29.1 29.5 30.1

18 to 19 years.................................... 395 377 338 20.2 21.5 22.5 17.8 19.7 17.9

20 years and over.................................. 5,665 5,332 5,417 8.2 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.9

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,021 978 995 14.2 13.5 14.4 14.2 13.5 13.7

25 years and over............................... 4,677 4,372 4,483 7.5 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.3

25 to 54 years................................. 3,765 3,537 3,612 7.9 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.7

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,424 1,365 1,385 9.3 9.5 8.7 9.2 9.0 9.1

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,164 1,073 1,135 7.6 7.6 7.1 7.4 7.1 7.5

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,176 1,098 1,093 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5

55 years and over1

........................... 815 846 782 5.7 5.8 6.3 5.7 5.8 5.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 3,089 2,688 2,756 6.7 6.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,286 2,076 2,056 6.2 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.7

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,105 1,224 1,193 11.0 12.0 12.7 13.0 12.3 11.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 13,258 11,746 11,938 10.6 10.2 9.7 9.5 9.4 9.6

Part-time workers3................................... 1,894 1,835 1,840 6.5 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.3 6.4

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 9,110 8,841 7,958 9,237 8,923 8,519 8,334 8,209 8,144

On temporary layoff................................ 1,296 1,489 1,186 1,356 1,402 1,249 1,270 1,197 1,251

Not on temporary layoff............................ 7,814 7,352 6,772 7,881 7,521 7,270 7,064 7,013 6,894

Permanent job losers............................ 6,521 5,877 5,449 6,494 5,995 5,879 5,671 5,625 5,480

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,293 1,475 1,323 1,387 1,526 1,391 1,393 1,388 1,414

Job leavers............................................. 895 857 911 933 914 910 898 896 942

Reentrants............................................. 3,558 3,233 3,217 3,749 3,408 3,357 3,352 3,262 3,375

New entrants.......................................... 1,047 1,129 1,151 1,217 1,311 1,351 1,337 1,360 1,346

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 62.4 62.9 60.1 61.0 61.3 60.3 59.9 59.8 59.0

On temporary layoff................................ 8.9 10.6 9.0 9.0 9.6 8.8 9.1 8.7 9.1

Not on temporary layoff............................ 53.5 52.3 51.2 52.1 51.7 51.4 50.7 51.1 49.9

Job leavers............................................. 6.1 6.1 6.9 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.8

Reentrants............................................. 24.4 23.0 24.3 24.8 23.4 23.7 24.1 23.8 24.4

New entrants.......................................... 7.2 8.0 8.7 8.0 9.0 9.6 9.6 9.9 9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 5.9 5.8 5.2 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2

New entrants.......................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,304 2,161 2,325 2,695 2,725 2,678 2,390 2,449 2,691

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 2,594 3,230 2,478 3,000 3,184 3,016 3,094 2,914 2,907

15 weeks and over.................................... 9,710 8,669 8,434 8,933 8,647 8,495 8,172 8,078 7,845

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,691 2,407 2,333 2,274 2,205 2,285 2,179 1,957 2,006

27 weeks and over................................. 7,020 6,263 6,101 6,659 6,441 6,210 5,993 6,122 5,839

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 35.8 39.8 41.4 33.1 34.2 36.9 37.1 39.0 38.3

Median duration, in weeks........................... 25.8 22.7 24.3 21.6 22.4 21.8 21.2 21.7 20.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 15.8 15.4 17.6 18.4 18.7 18.9 17.5 18.2 20.0

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 17.8 23.0 18.7 20.5 21.9 21.3 22.7 21.7 21.6

15 weeks and over.................................... 66.5 61.7 63.7 61.1 59.4 59.9 59.8 60.1 58.4

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 18.4 17.1 17.6 15.5 15.2 16.1 16.0 14.6 14.9

27 weeks and over................................. 48.1 44.5 46.1 45.5 44.3 43.8 43.9 45.5 43.4

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 139,302 139,661 14,609 13,237 9.5 8.7

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 52,355 53,216 2,464 2,196 4.5 4.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 21,215 21,640 1,139 1,050 5.1 4.6

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,140 31,576 1,325 1,146 4.1 3.5

Service occupations.................................................. 24,474 24,354 2,733 2,598 10.0 9.6

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,577 32,974 3,173 2,929 8.6 8.2

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,416 15,134 1,554 1,402 9.2 8.5

Office and administrative support occupations................. 18,160 17,841 1,619 1,528 8.2 7.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 13,013 12,735 2,673 2,110 17.0 14.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 960 862 193 206 16.7 19.3

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 7,083 7,042 1,931 1,448 21.4 17.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,971 4,831 549 455 10.0 8.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 15,884 16,382 2,478 2,208 13.5 11.9

Production occupations........................................... 7,836 8,098 1,252 1,074 13.8 11.7

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,048 8,284 1,226 1,134 13.2 12.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the

introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is

derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with

earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 14,609 13,237 9.5 8.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 11,967 10,560 10.1 8.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 69 28 9.4 3.5

Construction........................................................................... 1,919 1,501 21.8 17.8

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,688 1,444 11.1 9.4

Durable goods...................................................................... 1,100 951 11.6 9.8

Nondurable goods................................................................. 588 493 10.2 8.6

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,967 1,776 9.5 8.8

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 530 500 9.1 8.4

Information............................................................................ 302 218 9.4 7.1

Financial activities.................................................................... 708 621 7.6 6.7

Professional and business services................................................ 1,586 1,340 11.1 9.1

Education and health services...................................................... 1,051 1,088 5.0 5.0

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,633 1,482 12.8 11.7

Other services........................................................................ 515 564 8.4 9.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 232 182 15.0 13.7

Government workers.................................................................... 769 778 3.4 3.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 594 565 5.6 5.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Dec.

2010

Jan.

2011

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011

Apr.

2011

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 5.9 5.8 5.2 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 9.5 9.2 8.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 10.2 9.7 9.2 10.5 10.2 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 10.9 10.6 10.1 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 16.6 16.2 15.5 17.0 16.7 16.1 15.9 15.7 15.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2011

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 83,418 86,248 32,897 34,713 50,521 51,535

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 5,865 6,482 2,795 3,159 3,070 3,323

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,432 2,466 1,294 1,361 1,138 1,105

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 1,197 989 736 566 461 423

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,234 1,477 557 795 677 682

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 7,105 6,887 3,453 3,302 3,651 3,585

Percent of total employed........................................... 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 5.5 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,636 3,586 1,971 1,896 1,665 1,691

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,888 1,831 600 618 1,288 1,213

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 289 221 183 149 106 72

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,256 1,211 684 626 571 586

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Change

from:

Mar.2011 -

Apr.2011p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,698 128,994 129,919 131,088 129,715 130,563 130,784 131,028 244

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,707 106,515 107,335 108,494 107,145 108,363 108,594 108,862 268

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,520 17,330 17,506 17,776 17,762 17,916 17,953 17,997 44

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 726 743 756 687 744 757 767 10

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 47.4 47.4 44.5 51.0 48.4 49.9 47.9 -2.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.6 678.6 695.2 711.9 636.2 695.1 707.5 718.9 11.4

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.1 163.6 165.7 167.7 157.8 165.0 167.1 169.1 2.0

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.5 195.4 199.6 207.8 201.3 206.1 207.4 210.1 2.7

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.9 82.6 83.8 85.1 79.3 83.0 83.9 85.5 1.6

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.0 319.6 329.9 336.4 277.1 324.0 333.0 339.7 6.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,420 5,072 5,184 5,385 5,566 5,517 5,519 5,524 5

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,214.1 1,146.8 1,167.6 1,187.9 1,249.7 1,221.4 1,224.4 1,221.1 -3.3

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560.9 527.5 535.8 543.5 582.7 565.7 566.4 564.3 -2.1

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653.2 619.3 631.8 644.4 667.0 655.7 658.0 656.8 -1.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 805.2 725.1 757.1 826.8 831.6 839.0 840.2 852.9 12.7

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,400.8 3,199.7 3,259.2 3,369.8 3,484.7 3,456.5 3,454.4 3,449.6 -4.8

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,442.7 1,339.9 1,358.5 1,414.2 1,479.6 1,456.0 1,451.0 1,447.7 -3.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 1,958.1 1,859.8 1,900.7 1,955.6 2,005.1 2,000.5 2,003.4 2,001.9 -1.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,423 11,532 11,579 11,635 11,509 11,655 11,677 11,706 29

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,004 7,150 7,187 7,224 7,039 7,211 7,232 7,251 19

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.7 332.8 333.4 337.0 345.1 343.1 342.9 341.0 -1.9

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.0 352.1 358.3 372.0 372.2 371.4 372.0 372.7 0.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.7 372.4 375.0 378.5 357.8 374.5 376.0 380.1 4.1

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,260.2 1,318.0 1,331.0 1,334.7 1,271.2 1,329.8 1,338.4 1,343.5 5.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982.0 1,023.4 1,027.3 1,031.9 986.8 1,025.8 1,030.6 1,035.8 5.2

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,090.4 1,114.7 1,118.9 1,121.8 1,094.8 1,117.9 1,120.4 1,124.4 4.0

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 158.7 169.4 169.9 170.3 159.6 169.7 169.7 170.6 0.9

Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.7 117.3 117.0 120.0 116.1 117.8 118.4 120.8 2.4

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.4 379.0 383.2 382.8 368.0 380.1 382.8 383.3 0.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.6 404.0 403.5 403.2 405.6 405.2 404.2 404.2 0.0

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 355.9 367.5 364.8 365.8 358.0 368.5 367.3 367.7 0.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,324.1 1,349.3 1,359.0 1,361.9 1,326.3 1,354.0 1,360.3 1,364.6 4.3

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670.3 691.9 697.0 699.2 669.4 693.3 695.8 698.7 2.9

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.4 346.0 347.3 348.2 359.5 350.6 350.1 348.5 -1.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.8 574.1 572.3 571.9 567.3 575.5 574.0 572.4 -1.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,419 4,382 4,392 4,411 4,470 4,444 4,445 4,455 10

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417.2 1,419.3 1,420.8 1,428.0 1,450.8 1,452.6 1,451.7 1,458.9 7.2

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 179.0 173.6 173.6 176.8 183.4 180.2 179.5 180.8 1.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.2 119.9 120.2 121.1 119.7 120.8 120.7 121.3 0.6

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.5 114.9 116.1 115.7 119.5 116.4 116.5 116.2 -0.3

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.7 155.5 155.2 155.3 158.3 156.3 155.9 155.8 -0.1

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 28.8 29.3 29.2 26.7 29.1 29.2 29.2 0.0

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.1 395.4 395.0 397.0 397.6 397.4 397.9 398.4 0.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 487.1 470.7 471.5 470.3 490.4 474.5 473.9 473.3 -0.6

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.0 107.0 109.0 111.6 115.6 112.6 113.0 113.2 0.2

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782.9 772.3 774.0 776.1 785.4 774.9 776.3 778.5 2.2

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621.8 624.1 626.8 629.8 622.5 629.5 630.5 629.4 -1.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,187 89,185 89,829 90,718 89,383 90,447 90,641 90,865 224

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,365 24,385 24,499 24,663 24,581 24,775 24,790 24,861 71

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,429.1 5,454.7 5,493.0 5,517.6 5,445.9 5,508.2 5,524.3 5,531.3 7.0

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,699.8 2,736.3 2,751.2 2,759.0 2,710.1 2,755.9 2,765.2 2,769.1 3.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,929.8 1,913.8 1,932.0 1,943.6 1,934.5 1,941.7 1,945.8 1,946.0 0.2

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 799.5 804.6 809.8 815.0 801.3 810.6 813.3 816.2 2.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,256.3 14,199.6 14,256.1 14,379.0 14,424.3 14,477.8 14,474.6 14,531.7 57.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,618.9 1,629.3 1,644.2 1,665.1 1,621.3 1,656.2 1,661.1 1,668.0 6.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,001.3 1,016.1 1,023.8 1,032.1 1,003.2 1,026.9 1,029.9 1,034.6 4.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 430.2 428.3 428.1 428.0 436.6 434.7 434.8 434.8 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Change

from:

Mar.2011 -

Apr.2011p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.9 493.9 491.5 493.1 492.4 496.4 494.0 499.6 5.6

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,175.4 1,066.5 1,113.6 1,171.1 1,146.5 1,115.2 1,128.2 1,133.8 5.6

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,784.0 2,787.9 2,788.8 2,799.8 2,814.2 2,818.1 2,818.8 2,825.6 6.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 974.0 965.8 963.2 966.3 979.6 971.1 970.1 972.2 2.1

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.8 800.4 803.2 810.7 816.4 813.2 813.8 815.7 1.9

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,331.4 1,366.2 1,372.1 1,383.6 1,373.9 1,417.0 1,421.0 1,427.1 6.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.7 588.5 583.2 577.2 602.7 598.3 599.4 596.8 -2.6

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,902.2 2,917.8 2,918.1 2,931.5 2,959.2 2,984.7 2,958.1 2,985.5 27.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,441.1 1,464.0 1,454.9 1,454.0 1,486.1 1,499.5 1,488.4 1,497.8 9.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752.5 748.9 745.6 751.7 763.9 758.9 762.3 761.0 -1.3

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.3 406.1 404.5 400.9 417.6 414.0 413.0 411.6 -1.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,128.0 4,182.0 4,200.6 4,215.3 4,156.3 4,238.2 4,241.2 4,245.3 4.1

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462.9 469.5 472.4 471.1 461.9 470.5 471.6 468.4 -3.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.0 218.9 219.9 221.1 211.8 220.1 220.6 220.6 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 62.8 62.7 62.7 61.9 66.2 64.9 64.2 -0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,218.5 1,229.8 1,241.1 1,254.2 1,237.5 1,265.2 1,268.4 1,272.9 4.5

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437.9 454.2 455.7 460.5 425.5 445.1 444.9 448.0 3.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 42.5 42.9 43.1 42.5 42.6 43.1 43.1 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 24.7 20.4 21.6 23.2 27.6 27.2 27.3 26.3 -1.0

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 534.6 547.9 547.6 552.8 538.1 550.5 552.4 555.4 3.0

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.5 514.7 514.1 507.4 521.0 522.2 522.0 521.4 -0.6

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.9 621.3 622.6 619.2 628.5 628.6 626.0 625.0 -1.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551.8 548.6 548.9 550.7 554.1 550.6 550.3 552.3 2.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,715 2,674 2,678 2,683 2,716 2,684 2,682 2,684 2

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 760.3 755.2 754.5 756.3 762.4 757.7 756.0 757.9 1.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.8 357.4 366.0 372.7 370.2 365.2 368.4 368.7 0.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.8 296.0 295.3 295.0 294.6 297.1 296.1 296.6 0.5

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901.5 878.7 872.8 866.9 906.5 875.9 872.9 871.9 -1.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.2 238.4 240.4 242.4 243.2 239.8 239.7 239.3 -0.4

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.0 148.2 148.5 149.7 139.5 148.3 149.2 150.0 0.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,618 7,560 7,574 7,589 7,648 7,606 7,611 7,615 4

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,687.1 5,662.7 5,664.7 5,657.1 5,695.7 5,669.8 5,668.3 5,664.6 -3.7

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 20.8 21.1 21.0 20.6 21.0 21.0 21.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,537.3 2,539.6 2,534.5 2,531.6 2,540.3 2,539.7 2,536.3 2,534.5 -1.8

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,725.9 1,742.0 1,742.0 1,745.3 1,729.9 1,744.2 1,745.8 1,747.4 1.6

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,302.9 1,315.0 1,315.2 1,317.9 1,305.2 1,316.3 1,317.8 1,320.4 2.6

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798.8 805.6 807.9 806.1 802.0 806.7 807.8 808.5 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,243.5 2,209.5 2,214.4 2,211.8 2,245.8 2,215.1 2,216.0 2,213.7 -2.3

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 86.8 87.2 86.8 86.6 87.0 87.3 87.2 86.9 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,930.4 1,897.1 1,908.8 1,931.6 1,952.2 1,935.7 1,943.0 1,950.2 7.2

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,393.3 1,373.1 1,375.4 1,390.4 1,406.0 1,394.7 1,396.3 1,401.2 4.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.9 498.6 507.8 515.5 520.9 515.4 521.0 523.3 2.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 25.2 25.4 25.6 25.7 25.3 25.6 25.7 25.7 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,597 16,727 16,879 17,126 16,615 16,991 17,077 17,128 51

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,490.4 7,584.7 7,616.2 7,665.9 7,416.2 7,507.1 7,548.2 7,581.2 33.0

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108.5 1,106.1 1,108.2 1,110.6 1,113.2 1,113.5 1,113.2 1,114.7 1.5

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 994.3 1,019.6 1,020.6 1,014.1 891.3 879.5 901.0 904.4 3.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,268.6 1,269.4 1,274.0 1,289.2 1,278.5 1,289.2 1,292.6 1,298.2 5.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,431.0 1,473.3 1,476.6 1,491.3 1,433.5 1,477.6 1,485.3 1,493.2 7.9

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980.3 1,010.3 1,015.5 1,030.1 987.4 1,020.4 1,024.9 1,036.2 11.3

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,851.5 1,859.7 1,868.2 1,866.8 1,859.0 1,870.5 1,873.3 1,874.2 0.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,254.7 7,282.8 7,394.3 7,593.1 7,339.6 7,613.6 7,655.2 7,672.7 17.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Change

from:

Mar.2011 -

Apr.2011p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 6,906.7 6,930.6 7,040.9 7,234.4 6,987.8 7,252.3 7,293.7 7,310.4 16.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,598.9 2,745.6 2,804.1 2,850.9 2,664.8 2,881.2 2,916.9 2,915.4 -1.5

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973.4 2,103.6 2,160.0 2,193.9 2,027.3 2,217.6 2,252.0 2,249.7 -2.3

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801.8 808.3 810.5 804.6 804.3 806.1 806.6 807.4 0.8

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,738.5 1,598.9 1,635.0 1,768.3 1,741.0 1,765.1 1,765.2 1,770.0 4.8

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.0 352.2 353.4 358.7 351.8 361.3 361.5 362.3 0.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,645 19,928 20,002 20,078 19,482 19,832 19,865 19,914 49

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,294.6 3,349.2 3,351.4 3,365.3 3,135.2 3,205.6 3,199.4 3,206.7 7.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,350.2 16,578.9 16,650.7 16,712.3 16,346.3 16,626.1 16,665.1 16,706.9 41.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,716.2 13,911.9 13,966.0 14,014.2 13,739.5 13,962.8 13,997.2 14,034.5 37.3

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 5,938.7 6,052.1 6,075.7 6,107.5 5,942.4 6,073.0 6,089.7 6,111.2 21.5

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,304.3 2,329.0 2,338.8 2,344.7 2,309.8 2,334.4 2,343.2 2,349.8 6.6

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598.2 613.6 615.8 619.8 597.9 614.7 616.5 619.0 2.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,075.2 1,107.6 1,110.4 1,118.0 1,073.5 1,113.4 1,113.0 1,117.1 4.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,666.7 4,706.1 4,720.3 4,729.1 4,679.6 4,718.8 4,729.4 4,739.5 10.1

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,110.8 3,153.7 3,170.0 3,177.6 3,117.5 3,171.0 3,178.1 3,183.8 5.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,652.6 1,667.9 1,676.6 1,675.2 1,656.4 1,677.5 1,680.5 1,679.3 -1.2

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,634.0 2,667.0 2,684.7 2,698.1 2,606.8 2,663.3 2,667.9 2,672.4 4.5

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872.9 870.3 878.9 884.6 851.3 858.3 860.3 862.3 2.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,907 12,529 12,785 13,141 12,998 13,125 13,176 13,222 46

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,864.1 1,691.1 1,747.6 1,878.8 1,908.0 1,897.0 1,906.8 1,921.6 14.8

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 408.4 380.4 390.3 416.4 404.2 413.8 415.8 413.5 -2.3

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 125.6 117.6 121.4 128.9 127.6 129.5 129.9 130.3 0.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,330.1 1,193.1 1,235.9 1,333.5 1,376.2 1,353.7 1,361.1 1,377.8 16.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,042.7 10,837.7 11,037.6 11,262.4 11,090.4 11,228.2 11,269.4 11,300.0 30.6

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,706.1 1,689.5 1,719.1 1,745.9 1,750.7 1,773.1 1,783.8 1,787.6 3.8

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,336.6 9,148.2 9,318.5 9,516.5 9,339.7 9,455.1 9,485.6 9,512.4 26.8

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,340 5,382 5,412 5,438 5,343 5,434 5,440 5,441 1

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139.8 1,139.3 1,149.0 1,153.6 1,134.7 1,149.8 1,151.0 1,147.9 -3.1

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269.6 1,261.1 1,273.2 1,283.8 1,265.4 1,276.0 1,279.4 1,279.1 -0.3

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,930.2 2,981.8 2,989.5 3,000.7 2,943.1 3,007.8 3,009.2 3,014.0 4.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,991 22,479 22,584 22,594 22,570 22,200 22,190 22,166 -24

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,983.0 2,828.0 2,834.0 2,849.0 2,985.0 2,853.0 2,855.0 2,853.0 -2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,318.8 2,196.0 2,204.4 2,213.8 2,323.3 2,216.5 2,221.7 2,221.0 -0.7

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663.8 632.3 629.8 634.9 662.0 636.5 633.5 632.2 -1.3

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,283.0 5,235.0 5,255.0 5,253.0 5,138.0 5,121.0 5,119.0 5,111.0 -8.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,511.7 2,517.7 2,542.6 2,546.0 2,364.5 2,393.3 2,398.8 2,400.1 1.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,770.9 2,716.9 2,712.8 2,706.8 2,773.7 2,728.0 2,720.2 2,711.1 -9.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,725.0 14,416.0 14,495.0 14,492.0 14,447.0 14,226.0 14,216.0 14,202.0 -14.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,410.2 8,234.8 8,304.3 8,285.2 8,058.1 7,932.2 7,929.1 7,924.4 -4.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,314.4 6,181.2 6,190.6 6,206.4 6,388.5 6,293.3 6,287.0 6,277.8 -9.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.1 34.3 34.3 34.3

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.7 39.9 39.8 39.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.3 44.1 44.3 43.6

Construction........................................................................ 38.1 38.1 37.9 38.2

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.2 40.5 40.4 40.4

Durable goods................................................................... 40.4 40.9 40.8 40.8

Nondurable goods............................................................... 39.8 40.0 39.8 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.0 33.2 33.2 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.2 34.5 34.5 34.6

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.1 38.5 38.5 38.6

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.6

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.1 38.7 38.9 38.9

Utilities............................................................................ 40.8 41.5 42.1 42.4

Information.......................................................................... 36.5 36.5 36.6 36.5

Financial activities................................................................. 36.9 37.0 37.0 37.1

Professional and business services............................................. 35.3 35.7 35.6 35.6

Education and health services................................................... 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.8

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.8 25.9 25.9 26.0

Other services...................................................................... 31.7 31.6 31.7 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.3

Durable goods........................................................................ 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Total private................................................. $22.52 $22.88 $22.92 $22.95 $ 767.93 $ 784.78 $ 786.16 $ 787.19

Goods-producing........................................ 23.94 24.27 24.30 24.35 950.42 968.37 967.14 971.57

Mining and logging................................... 27.19 28.00 28.02 28.37 1,177.33 1,234.80 1,241.29 1,236.93

Construction........................................... 25.12 25.39 25.38 25.42 957.07 967.36 961.90 971.04

Manufacturing......................................... 23.18 23.52 23.56 23.60 931.84 952.56 951.82 953.44

Durable goods...................................... 24.66 25.01 25.06 25.09 996.26 1,022.91 1,022.45 1,023.67

Nondurable goods................................. 20.82 21.04 21.06 21.11 828.64 841.60 838.19 842.29

Private service-providing............................... 22.18 22.55 22.59 22.62 731.94 748.66 749.99 753.25

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.66 19.88 19.96 20.05 672.37 685.86 688.62 693.73

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.15 26.24 26.06 26.27 996.32 1,010.24 1,003.31 1,014.02

Retail trade.......................................... 15.62 15.69 15.70 15.76 488.91 492.67 492.98 498.02

Transportation and warehousing................. 20.88 21.38 21.44 21.54 795.53 827.41 834.02 837.91

Utilities............................................... 32.24 33.40 37.15 36.89 1,315.39 1,386.10 1,564.02 1,564.14

Information............................................. 30.25 31.44 31.87 31.61 1,104.13 1,147.56 1,166.44 1,153.77

Financial activities.................................... 27.20 27.56 27.59 27.57 1,003.68 1,019.72 1,020.83 1,022.85

Professional and business services................ 27.11 27.50 27.56 27.60 956.98 981.75 981.14 982.56

Education and health services...................... 22.82 23.37 23.38 23.42 748.50 764.20 764.53 768.18

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.07 13.16 13.18 13.19 337.21 340.84 341.36 342.94

Other services......................................... 20.09 20.48 20.37 20.35 636.85 647.17 645.73 647.13

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2011 -

Apr.

2011p

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2011 -

Apr.

2011p

Total private....................................... 91.6 93.1 93.3 93.6 0.3 98.3 101.6 102.0 102.4 0.4

Goods-producing............................... 80.3 81.4 81.4 81.8 0.5 86.9 89.3 89.4 90.0 0.7

Mining and logging.......................... 93.5 103.1 105.4 105.1 -0.3 102.0 115.9 118.5 119.7 1.0

Construction.................................. 73.1 72.4 72.1 72.7 0.8 79.8 79.9 79.5 80.3 1.0

Manufacturing................................ 83.2 84.9 84.9 85.1 0.2 89.7 92.9 93.0 93.4 0.4

Durable goods............................ 80.1 83.0 83.1 83.3 0.2 87.7 92.2 92.5 92.8 0.3

Nondurable goods........................ 88.8 88.7 88.3 88.7 0.5 93.8 94.7 94.4 95.0 0.6

Private service-providing...................... 94.7 96.4 96.6 97.2 0.6 101.8 105.4 105.8 106.5 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 91.4 92.9 92.9 93.5 0.6 96.7 99.4 99.9 100.9 1.0

Wholesale trade........................... 90.5 92.5 92.8 93.2 0.4 98.8 101.3 100.9 102.1 1.2

Retail trade................................ 91.7 92.3 92.3 93.3 1.1 94.7 95.8 95.8 97.2 1.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 90.6 93.9 94.4 94.5 0.1 96.0 101.8 102.7 103.3 0.6

Utilities..................................... 97.8 98.8 100.2 101.3 1.1 104.2 109.1 123.0 123.5 0.4

Information................................... 90.5 89.5 89.6 89.5 -0.1 97.5 100.2 101.7 100.7 -1.0

Financial activities........................... 93.0 92.7 92.8 93.1 0.3 98.7 99.8 99.9 100.2 0.3

Professional and business services....... 92.2 95.4 95.6 95.9 0.3 101.3 106.3 106.8 107.2 0.4

Education and health services............. 104.0 105.5 105.7 106.3 0.6 111.2 115.6 115.8 116.6 0.7

Leisure and hospitality...................... 95.7 97.0 97.4 98.1 0.7 100.9 103.0 103.5 104.4 0.9

Other services............................... 93.8 95.1 95.5 95.9 0.4 107.0 110.6 110.5 110.7 0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Total nonfarm............................................... 64,698 64,736 64,811 64,924 49.9 49.6 49.6 49.5

Total private.............................................. 51,842 52,121 52,194 52,318 48.4 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing...................................... 4,104 4,068 4,074 4,071 23.1 22.7 22.7 22.6

Mining and logging................................. 98 102 103 104 14.3 13.7 13.6 13.6

Construction........................................ 731 714 713 713 13.1 12.9 12.9 12.9

Manufacturing....................................... 3,275 3,252 3,258 3,254 28.5 27.9 27.9 27.8

Durable goods................................... 1,730 1,723 1,725 1,719 24.6 23.9 23.9 23.7

Nondurable goods............................... 1,545 1,529 1,533 1,535 34.6 34.4 34.5 34.5

Private service-providing............................. 47,738 48,053 48,120 48,247 53.4 53.1 53.1 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,025 10,001 9,997 10,026 40.8 40.4 40.3 40.3

Wholesale trade................................. 1,640.1 1,656.5 1,660.5 1,662.5 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1

Retail trade....................................... 7,245.1 7,205.3 7,197.0 7,219.3 50.2 49.8 49.7 49.7

Transportation and warehousing.............. 999.3 1,005.0 1,004.3 1,008.8 24.0 23.7 23.7 23.8

Utilities............................................ 140.0 134.5 134.7 135.2 25.3 24.4 24.5 24.5

Information.......................................... 1,110 1,092 1,093 1,092 40.9 40.7 40.8 40.7

Financial activities.................................. 4,506 4,441 4,444 4,446 58.9 58.4 58.4 58.4

Professional and business services............. 7,411 7,548 7,579 7,606 44.6 44.4 44.4 44.4

Education and health services................... 15,043 15,250 15,263 15,303 77.2 76.9 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,815 6,850 6,879 6,902 52.4 52.2 52.2 52.2

Other services...................................... 2,828 2,871 2,865 2,872 52.9 52.8 52.7 52.8

Government.............................................. 12,856 12,615 12,617 12,606 57.0 56.8 56.9 56.9

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Total private................................................................................ 88,331 89,281 89,504 89,730

Goods-producing........................................................................ 12,791 12,897 12,939 12,975

Mining and logging................................................................... 509 557 569 579

Construction........................................................................... 4,210 4,178 4,185 4,182

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,072 8,162 8,185 8,214

Durable goods...................................................................... 4,815 4,929 4,948 4,967

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,257 3,233 3,237 3,247

Private service-providing............................................................... 75,540 76,384 76,565 76,755

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 20,851 20,964 20,977 21,041

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,383.0 4,409.8 4,423.2 4,429.8

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,413.2 12,470.9 12,467.6 12,517.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,610.0 3,644.9 3,646.9 3,653.5

Utilities............................................................................... 445.1 438.5 438.8 440.7

Information............................................................................ 2,177 2,159 2,154 2,158

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,912 5,831 5,835 5,834

Professional and business services................................................ 13,595 13,957 14,032 14,076

Education and health services...................................................... 17,076 17,374 17,407 17,447

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,465 11,548 11,605 11,643

Other services........................................................................ 4,464 4,551 4,555 4,556

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.4 33.6 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.7 45.9 46.2 47.5

Construction........................................................................ 38.8 38.7 38.6 38.8

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.2 41.3 41.5 41.4

Durable goods................................................................... 41.4 41.7 41.9 41.8

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.9 40.8 40.8 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.2 32.4 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.2 33.6 33.7 33.7

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.9 38.4 38.4 38.4

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.1 30.3 30.4 30.5

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 37.1 38.0 38.1 38.0

Utilities............................................................................ 41.8 42.3 42.8 43.0

Information.......................................................................... 36.4 36.4 36.3 36.4

Financial activities................................................................. 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.3

Professional and business services............................................. 35.0 35.2 35.1 35.2

Education and health services................................................... 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.9 24.8 24.9 24.9

Other services...................................................................... 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.2

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.8 4.3 4.4 4.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Total private................................................. $18.98 $19.32 $19.32 $19.37 $ 633.93 $ 649.15 $ 649.15 $ 650.83

Goods-producing........................................ 20.18 20.57 20.58 20.60 817.29 837.20 839.66 842.54

Mining and logging................................... 23.79 24.18 24.27 24.06 1,063.41 1,109.86 1,121.27 1,142.85

Construction........................................... 23.07 23.51 23.50 23.58 895.12 909.84 907.10 914.90

Manufacturing......................................... 18.51 18.89 18.90 18.90 762.61 780.16 784.35 782.46

Durable goods...................................... 19.70 20.12 20.11 20.14 815.58 839.00 842.61 841.85

Nondurable goods................................. 16.74 16.98 17.01 16.95 684.67 692.78 694.01 693.26

Private service-providing............................... 18.73 19.05 19.05 19.11 603.11 617.22 617.22 619.16

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 16.78 17.05 17.08 17.13 557.10 572.88 575.60 577.28

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.45 21.86 21.84 21.91 812.96 839.42 838.66 841.34

Retail trade.......................................... 13.20 13.39 13.42 13.44 397.32 405.72 407.97 409.92

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.14 19.36 19.31 19.42 710.09 735.68 735.71 737.96

Utilities............................................... 29.83 30.33 31.38 31.65 1,246.89 1,282.96 1,343.06 1,360.95

Information............................................. 25.63 26.35 26.27 26.45 932.93 959.14 953.60 962.78

Financial activities.................................... 21.43 21.62 21.71 21.77 775.77 784.81 788.07 790.25

Professional and business services................ 22.69 23.03 23.04 23.10 794.15 810.66 808.70 813.12

Education and health services...................... 19.98 20.49 20.46 20.50 643.36 659.78 658.81 662.15

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.32 11.36 11.38 11.39 281.87 281.73 283.36 283.61

Other services......................................... 17.01 17.24 17.17 17.24 522.21 530.99 528.84 530.99

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2011 -

Apr.

2011p

Apr.

2010

Feb.

2011

Mar.

2011p

Apr.

2011p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2011 -

Apr.

2011p

Total private....................................... 98.6 100.2 100.5 100.7 0.2 125.0 129.4 129.7 130.4 0.5

Goods-producing............................... 79.2 80.2 80.7 81.1 0.5 97.8 101.0 101.7 102.3 0.6

Mining and logging.......................... 120.9 135.9 139.7 146.2 4.7 167.3 191.1 197.2 204.5 3.7

Construction.................................. 81.8 81.0 80.9 81.2 0.4 101.9 102.8 102.6 103.4 0.8

Manufacturing................................ 76.3 77.4 78.0 78.0 0.0 92.4 95.6 96.4 96.5 0.1

Durable goods............................ 74.9 77.2 77.9 78.0 0.1 92.1 97.0 97.8 98.1 0.3

Nondurable goods........................ 78.5 77.7 77.8 78.2 0.5 92.8 93.3 93.5 93.7 0.2

Private service-providing...................... 104.0 105.8 106.1 106.3 0.2 133.6 138.2 138.5 139.3 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 96.5 98.2 98.6 98.9 0.3 115.5 119.4 120.1 120.8 0.6

Wholesale trade........................... 97.8 99.7 100.0 100.2 0.2 123.6 128.4 128.7 129.3 0.5

Retail trade................................ 94.6 95.6 95.9 96.6 0.7 107.0 109.8 110.4 111.3 0.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 100.8 104.3 104.6 104.5 -0.1 122.4 128.0 128.1 128.7 0.5

Utilities..................................... 95.2 94.9 96.1 96.9 0.8 118.5 120.1 125.8 128.0 1.7

Information................................... 90.5 89.7 89.3 89.7 0.4 114.8 117.0 116.1 117.4 1.1

Financial activities........................... 102.4 101.3 101.4 101.3 -0.1 135.7 135.4 136.1 136.4 0.2

Professional and business services....... 106.6 110.1 110.4 111.0 0.5 144.0 150.9 151.3 152.6 0.9

Education and health services............. 118.6 120.7 120.9 121.6 0.6 155.8 162.6 162.6 163.8 0.7

Leisure and hospitality...................... 104.6 105.0 105.9 106.3 0.4 134.5 135.4 136.9 137.4 0.4

Other services............................... 96.1 98.3 98.4 98.4 0.0 119.2 123.5 123.1 123.7 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary