Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-13-0001 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 4, 2013 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2012 

Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 155,000 in December, and the unemployment rate was 

unchanged at 7.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in 

health care, food services and drinking places, construction, and manufacturing. 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal 

adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted 

estimates back to January 2008 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 

2012 through November 2012 (as originally published and as revised) appear in table A on 

page 5, along with additional information about the revisions. 

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

Dec-10 M ar-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 M ar-12 Jun-12 Sep-12 Dec-12

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, December 2010 –

December 2012

Percent

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Dec-10 M ar-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 M ar-12 Jun-12 Sep-12 Dec-12

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

December 2010 – December 2012
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data 

The number of unemployed persons, at 12.2 million, was little changed in December. The 

unemployment rate held at 7.8 percent and has been at or near that level since September. (See 

table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (7.3 percent) and blacks 

(14.0 percent) edged up in December, while the rates for adult men (7.2 percent), teenagers (23.5 

percent), whites (6.9 percent), and Hispanics (9.6 percent) showed little or no change. The jobless rate 

for Asians was 6.6 percent (not seasonally adjusted), little changed from a year earlier. (See tables A-1, 

A-2, and A-3.) 

In December, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 

essentially unchanged at 4.8 million and accounted for 39.1 percent of the unemployed. (See 

table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate held at 63.6 percent in December. The employmentpopulation ratio, at 58.6 percent, was essentially unchanged over the month. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers), at 7.9 million, changed little in December. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.) 

In December, 2.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged 

from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor 

force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. 

They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding 

the survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.1 million discouraged workers in December, little 

changed from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See 

table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 155,000 in December. In 2012, employment growth 

averaged 153,000 per month, the same as the average monthly gain for 2011. In December, employment 

increased in health care, food services and drinking places, construction, and manufacturing. (See 

table B-1.) 

Health care employment continued to expand in December (+45,000). Job gains occurred in 

ambulatory health care services (+23,000), in hospitals (+12,000), and in nursing and residential care 

facilities (+10,000). In 2012, health care employment rose by 338,000. 
- 3 - 

In December, employment in food services and drinking places rose by 38,000. In 2012, the industry 

added an average of 24,000 jobs a month, essentially the same as in 2011. 

Construction added 30,000 jobs in December, led by employment increases in construction of buildings 

(+13,000) and in residential specialty trade contractors (+12,000). 

In December, manufacturing employment rose by 25,000, with small gains in a number of component 

industries. In 2012, factory employment increased by 180,000; most of the growth occurred during the 

first quarter. 

Employment in retail trade changed little in December, after increasing by 143,000 over the prior 3 

months. Within the industry, employment in clothing and accessories stores fell by 19,000, following 

gains that totaled 55,000 over the prior 3 months. Elsewhere in retail trade, employment in automobile 

dealers and in food and beverage stores continued to trend up in December. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, transportation and 

warehousing, financial activities, professional and businesses services, and government, showed 

little change over the month. 

In December, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 

hour to 34.5 hours. The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and factory 

overtime was unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 7 cents to $23.73. 

Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.1 percent. In December, average hourly earnings 

of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 6 cents to $19.92. (See 

tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised from +138,000 to +137,000, 

and the change for November was revised from +146,000 to +161,000. 

The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 1, 2013, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 

 
- 4 - 

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data 

With the release of January 2013 data on February 1, 2013, the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data 

to reflect the annual benchmark adjustment for March 2012 and updated seasonal adjustment 

factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2011 and seasonally adjusted data 

beginning with January 2008 are subject to revision. 

Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey

Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2013, scheduled for 

February 1, 2013, new population controls will be used in the monthly household survey 

estimation process. These new controls reflect the annual updating of intercensal population 

estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. Historical data will not be revised to incorporate the new 

controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2013 will not be directly comparable 

with that for December 2012 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls 

on the major labor force series will be included in the January 2013 release. 

 
- 5 - 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor 

force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this 

process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2008 through November 2012 were subject to revision. 

Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2012 through November 2012, as first published and 

as revised. The rates changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 2 of the 11 months and were 

unchanged in the remaining 9 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force 

series beginning in December 2011 appear in table B. 

An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised 

data for January 2012 through November 2012 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2013.pdf. 

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data for 

additional series are available on the Internet at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/. 

Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2012 and changes due to revision

January - November 2012

January ......................................... 8.3 8.3 0.0

February ....................................... 8.3 8.3 .0

March .......................................... 8.2 8.2 .0

April ............................................. 8.1 8.1 .0

May ............................................. 8.2 8.2 .0

June .............................................. 8.2 8.2 .0

July .............................................. 8.3 8.2 -.1

August .......................................... 8.1 8.1 .0

September .................................... 7.8 7.8 .0

October ........................................ 7.9 7.9 .0

November .................................... 7.7 7.8 .1

Month As first

computed As revised Change
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

2011 2012

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . . 240,584 242,269 242,435 242,604 242,784 242,966 243,155 243,354 243,566 243,772 243,983 244,174 244,350

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,945 154,356 154,825 154,707 154,451 154,998 155,149 154,995 154,647 155,056 155,576 155,319 155,511

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 63.7 63.9 63.8 63.6 63.8 63.8 63.7 63.5 63.6 63.8 63.6 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,896 141,608 142,019 142,020 141,934 142,302 142,448 142,250 142,164 142,974 143,328 143,277 143,305

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . 58.6 58.5 58.6 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.6 58.5 58.4 58.7 58.7 58.7 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,049 12,748 12,806 12,686 12,518 12,695 12,701 12,745 12,483 12,082 12,248 12,042 12,206

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . . 108,290 108,087 108,188 108,289 108,396 108,503 108,613 108,727 108,851 108,973 109,096 109,206 109,308

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,420 79,203 79,301 79,313 79,103 79,373 79,432 79,376 79,085 79,436 79,679 79,568 79,695

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 73.3 73.3 73.2 73.0 73.2 73.1 73.0 72.7 72.9 73.0 72.9 72.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,050 73,138 73,179 73,238 73,145 73,230 73,299 73,288 73,097 73,612 73,845 73,821 73,949

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . 67.5 67.7 67.6 67.6 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.4 67.2 67.6 67.7 67.6 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,370 6,065 6,123 6,075 5,958 6,143 6,133 6,089 5,988 5,825 5,834 5,747 5,746

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . . 115,602 117,082 117,170 117,260 117,353 117,448 117,546 117,648 117,760 117,869 117,980 118,079 118,170

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,815 69,420 69,775 69,580 69,580 69,777 69,777 69,673 69,800 69,813 70,041 69,907 70,059

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 59.3 59.5 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.4 59.2 59.3 59.2 59.4 59.2 59.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,446 64,080 64,457 64,422 64,454 64,653 64,616 64,437 64,716 64,934 65,014 64,988 64,954

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . 54.9 54.7 55.0 54.9 54.9 55.0 55.0 54.8 55.0 55.1 55.1 55.0 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,369 5,341 5,318 5,158 5,126 5,124 5,161 5,236 5,083 4,879 5,027 4,918 5,105

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.2 7.0 7.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . . 16,693 17,100 17,078 17,056 17,034 17,015 16,997 16,979 16,955 16,931 16,907 16,890 16,871

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,709 5,733 5,748 5,814 5,768 5,847 5,940 5,945 5,763 5,807 5,856 5,845 5,756

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 33.5 33.7 34.1 33.9 34.4 34.9 35.0 34.0 34.3 34.6 34.6 34.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,400 4,391 4,383 4,360 4,334 4,419 4,533 4,525 4,351 4,429 4,469 4,468 4,402

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . 26.4 25.7 25.7 25.6 25.4 26.0 26.7 26.7 25.7 26.2 26.4 26.5 26.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,310 1,342 1,365 1,453 1,434 1,428 1,406 1,420 1,412 1,378 1,387 1,376 1,355

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 23.4 23.7 25.0 24.9 24.4 23.7 23.9 24.5 23.7 23.7 23.6 23.5

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

- 6 -
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Change from:

Nov. 2012-

Dec. 2012

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 240,584 243,983 244,174 244,350 176

Civilian labor force............................................................ 153,945 155,576 155,319 155,511 192

Participation rate........................................................... 64.0 63.8 63.6 63.6 0.0

Employed.................................................................... 140,896 143,328 143,277 143,305 28

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.6 58.7 58.7 58.6 -0.1

Unemployed................................................................. 13,049 12,248 12,042 12,206 164

Unemployment rate..................................................... 8.5 7.9 7.8 7.8 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................. 86,640 88,407 88,855 88,839 -16

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 8.5 7.9 7.8 7.8 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 8.0 7.3 7.2 7.2 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 7.8 7.2 7.0 7.3 0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 22.9 23.7 23.6 23.5 -0.1

White........................................................................... 7.5 6.9 6.8 6.9 0.1

Black or African American................................................... 15.6 14.5 13.2 14.0 0.8

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 6.8 4.9 6.4 6.6 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 11.0 10.0 9.9 9.6 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 7.2 6.6 6.5 6.5 0.0

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 13.7 12.2 12.1 11.7 -0.4

High school graduates, no college......................................... 8.7 8.3 8.1 8.0 -0.1

Some college or associate degree......................................... 7.6 7.0 6.6 6.9 0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.9 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 7,487 6,536 6,429 6,408 -21

Job leavers....................................................................... 943 1,009 926 983 57

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,359 3,319 3,325 3,587 262

New entrants..................................................................... 1,286 1,302 1,326 1,291 -35

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,640 2,633 2,596 2,676 80

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 2,840 2,847 2,757 2,838 81

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 1,987 1,813 1,820 1,895 75

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 5,596 5,017 4,784 4,766 -18

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,168 8,286 8,138 7,918 -220

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 5,377 5,177 5,084 4,928 -156

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,406 2,618 2,648 2,616 -32

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,489 18,896 18,594 18,763 169

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,540 2,433 2,505 2,614 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 945 813 979 1,068 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 137 161 155

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 203 171 168

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 26 -1 59

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -6 4 4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 25 -10 30

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 7 5 25

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2 18 11

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 -4.8 11.4 4.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 5 -13 14

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 177 172 109

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 3.6 10.5 -0.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 43.8 62.8 -11.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 7.4 5.8 -0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -5 13 -9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 0 9

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 58 32 19

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 14.0 7.8 -0.6

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 32 24 65

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 43.8 25.9 55.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 26 29 31

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 -4 5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 -66 -10 -13

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – –

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – –

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 82.6 82.6 82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.3 34.4 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 23.25 $ 23.59 $ 23.66 $ 23.73

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $799.80 $809.14 $813.90 $818.69

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 96.1 96.5 96.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 108.1 108.9 109.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 -0.4 0.7 0.7

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.8

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.59 $ 19.82 $ 19.86 $ 19.92

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $660.18 $665.95 $669.28 $673.30

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 103.7 104.1 104.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.1 137.3 138.2 139.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 65.6 56.6 63.2

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 58.6 51.2 59.3

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data for women employees (-) in this table have been temporarily suspended. For more information see http://www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_retail_correction.htm.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on 

employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay 

for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, 

but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be 

off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such 

as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have 

to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more than 20 percent of all employees 

in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of 

the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to 

quantify the effect of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of 

the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours. Current and historical 

data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgibin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 141,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 486,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes 

approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing 

industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unicorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the 

participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For 

example, in the household survey, the large number of 

youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure 

any other changes that have taken place relative to May, 

making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived 

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex 

components; this differs from the unemployment estimate 

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by 

combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age 

categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this 

interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, 

we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment 

had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported 

nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the 

values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be 

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-

percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen 

that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, 

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change 

in unemployment as measured by the household survey is 

about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the 

unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,584 244,174 244,350 240,584 243,566 243,772 243,983 244,174 244,350

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,373 154,953 154,904 153,945 154,647 155,056 155,576 155,319 155,511

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 63.5 63.4 64.0 63.5 63.6 63.8 63.6 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,681 143,549 143,060 140,896 142,164 142,974 143,328 143,277 143,305

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.8 58.5 58.6 58.4 58.7 58.7 58.7 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,692 11,404 11,844 13,049 12,483 12,082 12,248 12,042 12,206

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.4 7.6 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,212 89,221 89,445 86,640 88,919 88,716 88,407 88,855 88,839

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,135 6,495 6,532 6,343 6,956 6,718 6,584 6,827 6,750

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,832 117,810 117,902 116,832 117,492 117,600 117,710 117,810 117,902

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,019 82,310 82,190 82,369 81,991 82,396 82,661 82,514 82,545

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.2 69.9 69.7 70.5 69.8 70.1 70.2 70.0 70.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,837 76,142 75,686 75,217 75,174 75,769 76,027 75,983 76,060

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 64.6 64.2 64.4 64.0 64.4 64.6 64.5 64.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,181 6,167 6,503 7,152 6,817 6,627 6,634 6,530 6,486

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 7.5 7.9 8.7 8.3 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,813 35,501 35,712 34,463 35,501 35,205 35,049 35,297 35,357

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,290 109,206 109,308 108,290 108,851 108,973 109,096 109,206 109,308

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,288 79,554 79,552 79,420 79,085 79,436 79,679 79,568 79,695

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 72.8 72.8 73.3 72.7 72.9 73.0 72.9 72.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,812 74,121 73,716 73,050 73,097 73,612 73,845 73,821 73,949

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 67.9 67.4 67.5 67.2 67.6 67.7 67.6 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,477 5,433 5,836 6,370 5,988 5,825 5,834 5,747 5,746

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 6.8 7.3 8.0 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,001 29,652 29,756 28,869 29,766 29,536 29,416 29,638 29,613

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,753 126,364 126,447 123,753 126,073 126,172 126,273 126,364 126,447

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,354 72,644 72,715 71,575 72,656 72,661 72,915 72,806 72,965

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 57.5 57.5 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.7 57.6 57.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,843 67,407 67,373 65,679 66,990 67,206 67,301 67,294 67,245

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.2 53.3 53.3 53.1 53.1 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,511 5,237 5,341 5,897 5,666 5,455 5,614 5,512 5,721

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.2 7.3 8.2 7.8 7.5 7.7 7.6 7.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,398 53,720 53,733 52,177 53,418 53,511 53,358 53,558 53,482

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,602 118,079 118,170 115,602 117,760 117,869 117,980 118,079 118,170

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,746 69,873 69,980 68,815 69,800 69,813 70,041 69,907 70,059

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 59.2 59.2 59.5 59.3 59.2 59.4 59.2 59.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,676 65,175 65,152 63,446 64,716 64,934 65,014 64,988 64,954

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.2 55.1 54.9 55.0 55.1 55.1 55.0 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,070 4,698 4,828 5,369 5,083 4,879 5,027 4,918 5,105

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.7 6.9 7.8 7.3 7.0 7.2 7.0 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,856 48,206 48,190 46,787 47,960 48,056 47,939 48,172 48,111

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,693 16,890 16,871 16,693 16,955 16,931 16,907 16,890 16,871

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,339 5,526 5,372 5,709 5,763 5,807 5,856 5,845 5,756

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 32.7 31.8 34.2 34.0 34.3 34.6 34.6 34.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,193 4,252 4,192 4,400 4,351 4,429 4,469 4,468 4,402

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 25.2 24.8 26.4 25.7 26.2 26.4 26.5 26.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,146 1,273 1,180 1,310 1,412 1,378 1,387 1,376 1,355

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 23.0 22.0 22.9 24.5 23.7 23.7 23.6 23.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,354 11,364 11,499 10,983 11,192 11,124 11,051 11,045 11,115

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,682 193,748 193,849 193,682 193,376 193,503 193,633 193,748 193,849

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,114 123,503 123,404 124,482 123,292 123,637 123,794 123,540 123,774

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 63.7 63.7 64.3 63.8 63.9 63.9 63.8 63.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,117 115,571 115,213 115,203 114,395 115,002 115,205 115,124 115,289

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 59.7 59.4 59.5 59.2 59.4 59.5 59.4 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,998 7,932 8,191 9,279 8,897 8,635 8,588 8,416 8,485

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 6.4 6.6 7.5 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,567 70,244 70,445 69,199 70,084 69,866 69,839 70,207 70,076

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,248 64,607 64,562 65,331 64,246 64,540 64,718 64,509 64,646

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.7 73.3 73.2 73.8 73.1 73.4 73.5 73.2 73.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,484 60,713 60,415 60,693 59,910 60,292 60,493 60,397 60,609

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 68.9 68.5 68.5 68.2 68.5 68.7 68.5 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,764 3,894 4,148 4,638 4,336 4,248 4,225 4,112 4,037

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.0 6.4 7.1 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,516 54,471 54,494 54,482 54,408 54,500 54,423 54,366 54,452

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 58.5 58.5 59.0 58.6 58.7 58.5 58.4 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,080 51,292 51,303 50,783 50,915 51,085 51,020 51,008 51,015

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.1 55.1 55.0 54.8 55.0 54.9 54.8 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,435 3,180 3,191 3,700 3,493 3,415 3,403 3,358 3,437

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 5.8 5.9 6.8 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,350 4,425 4,348 4,669 4,638 4,598 4,653 4,665 4,676

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 35.1 34.6 36.6 36.7 36.4 36.9 37.0 37.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,552 3,567 3,495 3,727 3,569 3,625 3,692 3,718 3,665

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 28.3 27.8 29.2 28.2 28.7 29.3 29.5 29.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 858 853 942 1,069 972 961 946 1,011

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 19.4 19.6 20.2 23.0 21.1 20.7 20.3 21.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,286 30,061 30,093 29,286 29,954 29,991 30,027 30,061 30,093

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,024 18,407 18,350 18,097 18,389 18,346 18,716 18,374 18,403

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.2 61.0 61.8 61.4 61.2 62.3 61.1 61.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,285 16,065 15,832 15,282 15,811 15,891 16,011 15,952 15,827

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 53.4 52.6 52.2 52.8 53.0 53.3 53.1 52.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,739 2,342 2,518 2,815 2,578 2,456 2,705 2,422 2,577

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 12.7 13.7 15.6 14.0 13.4 14.5 13.2 14.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,262 11,654 11,743 11,190 11,566 11,645 11,311 11,687 11,690

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,264 8,275 8,313 8,254 8,231 8,214 8,296 8,225 8,298

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 67.4 67.5 68.9 67.4 67.1 67.6 66.9 67.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,006 7,259 7,162 6,980 7,059 7,052 7,127 7,165 7,134

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 59.1 58.2 58.2 57.8 57.6 58.1 58.3 58.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,258 1,016 1,150 1,273 1,172 1,162 1,169 1,060 1,164

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 12.3 13.8 15.4 14.2 14.1 14.1 12.9 14.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,113 9,464 9,438 9,141 9,463 9,377 9,668 9,444 9,454

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.4 62.1 62.0 62.7 62.0 63.8 62.3 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,886 8,404 8,298 7,896 8,323 8,363 8,440 8,360 8,305

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 55.4 54.6 53.6 55.1 55.3 55.7 55.1 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,227 1,060 1,140 1,245 1,140 1,014 1,228 1,085 1,149

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 11.2 12.1 13.6 12.0 10.8 12.7 11.5 12.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 668 600 702 695 756 752 704 651

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 25.6 23.1 27.4 26.4 28.8 28.7 27.0 25.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 402 371 405 429 475 444 427 387

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 15.4 14.3 15.8 16.3 18.1 17.0 16.4 14.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 266 228 296 265 280 307 277 264

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 39.8 38.0 42.2 38.2 37.1 40.9 39.3 40.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,580 12,934 12,935 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,505 8,344 8,501 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 64.5 65.7 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,991 7,814 7,940 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 60.4 61.4 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 530 561 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.4 6.6 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,075 4,590 4,434 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 34,885 37,147 37,231 34,885 36,881 36,969 37,058 37,147 37,231

Civilian labor force................................. 23,309 24,479 24,487 23,343 24,351 24,465 24,572 24,544 24,539

Participation rate................................. 66.8 65.9 65.8 66.9 66.0 66.2 66.3 66.1 65.9

Employed......................................... 20,731 22,086 22,137 20,776 21,874 22,042 22,112 22,109 22,195

Employment-population ratio................ 59.4 59.5 59.5 59.6 59.3 59.6 59.7 59.5 59.6

Unemployed...................................... 2,579 2,394 2,350 2,567 2,477 2,422 2,460 2,435 2,344

Unemployment rate........................... 11.1 9.8 9.6 11.0 10.2 9.9 10.0 9.9 9.6

Not in labor force................................... 11,575 12,667 12,744 11,542 12,529 12,505 12,486 12,602 12,692

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 13,256 13,463 13,500 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 82.0 80.3 80.3 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,868 12,414 12,366 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 73.4 74.1 73.6 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,387 1,050 1,134 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.5 7.8 8.4 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 9,082 9,965 9,941 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.4 59.6 59.3 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 8,146 8,938 9,004 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 53.3 53.4 53.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 936 1,027 938 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.3 10.3 9.4 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 972 1,051 1,046 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 28.3 28.7 28.6 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 716 734 767 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 20.9 20.1 21.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 256 317 278 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 26.3 30.1 26.6 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 11,723 11,072 11,156 11,669 11,196 11,183 11,251 11,097 11,120

Participation rate.................................... 46.8 45.2 45.2 46.6 45.5 45.0 45.8 45.3 45.1

Employed............................................ 10,043 9,762 9,785 10,073 9,852 9,930 9,880 9,753 9,821

Employment-population ratio................... 40.1 39.8 39.7 40.3 40.0 40.0 40.2 39.8 39.8

Unemployed......................................... 1,680 1,310 1,371 1,595 1,344 1,253 1,371 1,344 1,298

Unemployment rate.............................. 14.3 11.8 12.3 13.7 12.0 11.2 12.2 12.1 11.7

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,114 36,692 36,892 36,863 36,751 36,642 36,735 36,652 36,663

Participation rate.................................... 60.1 59.5 59.4 59.7 59.9 59.6 60.0 59.4 59.1

Employed............................................ 33,876 33,863 33,921 33,653 33,560 33,504 33,681 33,677 33,713

Employment-population ratio................... 54.9 54.9 54.6 54.5 54.7 54.5 55.0 54.6 54.3

Unemployed......................................... 3,237 2,830 2,971 3,211 3,191 3,138 3,054 2,975 2,950

Unemployment rate.............................. 8.7 7.7 8.1 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.3 8.1 8.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,040 37,356 37,341 37,102 37,433 37,512 37,662 37,274 37,397

Participation rate.................................... 69.1 68.6 68.6 69.2 68.4 68.6 68.8 68.4 68.7

Employed............................................ 34,299 35,009 34,857 34,269 34,958 35,076 35,043 34,832 34,831

Employment-population ratio................... 64.0 64.3 64.1 63.9 63.9 64.1 64.0 63.9 64.0

Unemployed......................................... 2,740 2,348 2,484 2,834 2,476 2,436 2,619 2,442 2,566

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.4 6.3 6.7 7.6 6.6 6.5 7.0 6.6 6.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 47,102 48,853 48,758 47,183 48,429 48,508 48,670 48,858 48,859

Participation rate.................................... 76.0 75.5 75.7 76.1 75.5 75.9 75.3 75.5 75.9

Employed............................................ 45,228 47,039 46,892 45,273 46,433 46,549 46,851 46,968 46,954

Employment-population ratio................... 73.0 72.7 72.8 73.0 72.4 72.8 72.5 72.6 72.9

Unemployed......................................... 1,873 1,815 1,866 1,909 1,996 1,959 1,818 1,891 1,905

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.9

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,429 21,062 19,622 19,235 1,807 1,827

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,072 10,806 10,010 9,699 1,062 1,107

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.7 51.3 51.0 50.4 58.8 60.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,215 10,050 9,244 9,043 972 1,007

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 47.7 47.1 47.0 53.8 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 757 766 656 90 100

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.0 7.7 6.8 8.5 9.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,357 10,256 9,612 9,536 745 720

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,341 2,544 1,984 2,128 356 416

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,899 2,099 1,668 1,805 230 294

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.1 82.5 84.1 84.8 64.6 70.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,650 1,874 1,469 1,625 181 248

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.5 73.7 74.1 76.4 50.7 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 226 199 180 50 46

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 10.8 11.9 9.9 21.6 15.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 445 316 323 126 122

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,986 3,044 2,489 2,529 497 515

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,512 2,534 2,158 2,154 354 380

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 83.2 86.7 85.2 71.3 73.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371 2,395 2,029 2,043 342 352

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 78.7 81.5 80.8 68.8 68.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 139 128 111 13 28

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.5 6.0 5.2 3.6 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 510 332 375 142 135

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,207 9,726 9,886 9,403 321 322

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,309 2,960 3,215 2,868 94 93

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 30.4 32.5 30.5 29.3 28.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,097 2,776 3,003 2,685 94 91

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 28.5 30.4 28.6 29.3 28.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 184 212 183 0 1

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.2 6.6 6.4 0.0 1.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,898 6,765 6,671 6,535 227 230

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,895 5,748 5,262 5,175 633 574

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,352 3,213 2,969 2,872 383 341

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 55.9 56.4 55.5 60.5 59.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,097 3,005 2,742 2,689 355 316

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5 52.3 52.1 52.0 56.1 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 208 227 183 28 25

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 6.5 7.6 6.4 7.3 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,543 2,536 2,293 2,303 250 233

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210,477 214,280 92,807 94,027 117,670 120,253

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,627 142,344 71,182 71,654 69,446 70,690

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 66.4 76.7 76.2 59.0 58.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,218 131,668 65,018 66,012 64,200 65,656

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 61.4 70.1 70.2 54.6 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,409 10,676 6,163 5,642 5,246 5,034

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.5 8.7 7.9 7.6 7.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,850 71,936 21,625 22,374 48,225 49,562

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 27,339 28,705 213,246 215,645

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,652 5,893 147,721 149,011

Participation rate...................................................................... 20.7 20.5 69.3 69.1

Employed.............................................................................. 4,889 5,202 135,791 137,858

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 17.9 18.1 63.7 63.9

Unemployed........................................................................... 763 691 11,929 11,154

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.5 11.7 8.1 7.5

Not in labor force........................................................................ 21,687 22,812 65,525 66,634

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,587 2,683 75,294 75,081

Participation rate...................................................................... 34.4 34.2 82.3 82.3

Employed.............................................................................. 2,165 2,308 68,793 69,228

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 28.8 29.4 75.2 75.9

Unemployed........................................................................... 422 375 6,501 5,853

Unemployment rate................................................................ 16.3 14.0 8.6 7.8

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,938 5,164 16,228 16,135

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,216 2,190 65,916 67,072

Participation rate...................................................................... 29.8 28.6 70.3 70.6

Employed.............................................................................. 1,938 1,935 60,891 62,176

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 26.1 25.3 65.0 65.5

Unemployed........................................................................... 278 254 5,025 4,896

Unemployment rate................................................................ 12.5 11.6 7.6 7.3

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,220 5,463 27,821 27,866

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 849 1,020 6,511 6,858

Participation rate...................................................................... 6.9 7.7 23.3 23.3

Employed.............................................................................. 786 959 6,107 6,454

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.4 7.3 21.8 21.9

Unemployed........................................................................... 63 61 403 404

Unemployment rate................................................................ 7.4 6.0 6.2 5.9

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,529 12,185 21,475 22,632

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 36,851 37,999 18,201 18,386 18,650 19,613

Civilian labor force................................................... 24,836 25,248 14,479 14,468 10,357 10,780

Participation rate................................................... 67.4 66.4 79.5 78.7 55.5 55.0

Employed........................................................... 22,647 23,216 13,271 13,386 9,376 9,830

Employment-population ratio.................................. 61.5 61.1 72.9 72.8 50.3 50.1

Unemployed........................................................ 2,189 2,032 1,208 1,082 981 951

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.8 8.0 8.3 7.5 9.5 8.8

Not in labor force..................................................... 12,015 12,751 3,723 3,918 8,292 8,833

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 203,733 206,351 98,630 99,516 105,103 106,835

Civilian labor force................................................... 128,536 129,656 67,540 67,722 60,997 61,934

Participation rate................................................... 63.1 62.8 68.5 68.1 58.0 58.0

Employed........................................................... 118,033 119,844 61,566 62,300 56,467 57,544

Employment-population ratio.................................. 57.9 58.1 62.4 62.6 53.7 53.9

Unemployed........................................................ 10,503 9,812 5,973 5,422 4,530 4,391

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.2 7.6 8.8 8.0 7.4 7.1

Not in labor force..................................................... 75,197 76,695 31,091 31,795 44,106 44,900

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,196 2,045 1,922 2,380 2,146 2,198 2,195 2,121 2,088

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 1,358 1,274 1,205 1,458 1,388 1,402 1,394 1,320 1,295

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 823 761 683 898 734 759 751 776 747

Unpaid family workers............................. 15 11 33 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 138,485 141,504 141,138 138,508 139,918 140,767 141,245 141,149 141,190

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 129,966 132,458 132,234 129,811 131,215 131,743 132,326 132,038 132,113

Government...................................... 20,652 20,702 20,839 20,523 20,411 20,647 20,555 20,598 20,686

Private industries................................ 109,314 111,757 111,395 109,281 110,749 111,080 111,784 111,429 111,406

Private households............................ 640 754 732 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 108,674 111,002 110,663 108,599 109,987 110,289 111,058 110,659 110,632

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,428 8,977 8,819 8,550 8,754 8,863 8,819 8,959 8,935

Unpaid family workers............................. 91 69 85 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,428 7,994 8,166 8,168 8,043 8,607 8,286 8,138 7,918

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,650 5,032 5,154 5,377 5,195 5,567 5,177 5,084 4,928

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,408 2,706 2,593 2,406 2,524 2,587 2,618 2,648 2,616

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,048 19,392 19,308 18,489 18,954 18,728 18,896 18,594 18,763

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,259 7,898 8,038 8,024 7,910 8,552 8,162 8,029 7,812

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,534 4,975 5,087 5,288 5,118 5,468 5,105 5,025 4,887

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,381 2,685 2,568 2,394 2,527 2,604 2,631 2,650 2,583

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,641 19,043 18,993 18,123 18,596 18,399 18,527 18,310 18,469

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,681 143,549 143,060 140,896 142,164 142,974 143,328 143,277 143,305

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,193 4,252 4,192 4,400 4,351 4,429 4,469 4,468 4,402

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,247 1,290 1,342 1,304 1,382 1,428 1,448 1,351 1,405

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,946 2,963 2,849 3,085 2,988 2,986 3,032 3,126 2,985

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,488 139,297 138,868 136,496 137,813 138,545 138,858 138,809 138,903

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,041 13,624 13,412 13,193 13,100 13,503 13,549 13,595 13,570

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,447 125,672 125,456 123,378 124,676 125,027 125,285 125,200 125,406

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,069 94,523 94,305 94,002 94,048 94,340 94,328 94,079 94,253

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,800 31,183 31,162 30,761 30,577 30,805 30,918 30,971 31,115

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,350 30,652 30,523 30,339 30,597 30,658 30,668 30,490 30,524

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,919 32,688 32,620 32,902 32,874 32,877 32,742 32,618 32,614

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,378 31,149 31,151 29,376 30,628 30,688 30,957 31,121 31,153

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,837 76,142 75,686 75,217 75,174 75,769 76,027 75,983 76,060

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,026 2,021 1,971 2,167 2,077 2,157 2,182 2,163 2,111

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 593 632 628 604 651 719 656 690

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450 1,428 1,339 1,536 1,504 1,497 1,467 1,492 1,422

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,812 74,121 73,716 73,050 73,097 73,612 73,845 73,821 73,949

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,836 7,147 6,969 6,973 6,764 6,989 7,096 7,125 7,104

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,976 66,975 66,747 66,130 66,407 66,636 66,790 66,720 66,902

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,461 50,429 50,286 50,548 50,168 50,352 50,342 50,194 50,370

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,877 16,903 16,801 16,880 16,502 16,608 16,715 16,734 16,799

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,432 16,488 16,437 16,438 16,519 16,552 16,527 16,380 16,443

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,152 17,037 17,048 17,231 17,147 17,193 17,100 17,080 17,127

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,515 16,546 16,460 15,582 16,239 16,284 16,447 16,526 16,532

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,843 67,407 67,373 65,679 66,990 67,206 67,301 67,294 67,245

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,167 2,232 2,221 2,233 2,273 2,272 2,287 2,305 2,291

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 697 710 676 779 777 729 695 715

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,495 1,535 1,511 1,548 1,484 1,490 1,565 1,634 1,563

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,676 65,175 65,152 63,446 64,716 64,934 65,014 64,988 64,954

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,205 6,478 6,443 6,220 6,336 6,514 6,453 6,470 6,467

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,471 58,698 58,709 57,248 58,269 58,391 58,496 58,480 58,504

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,608 44,094 44,019 43,454 43,880 43,987 43,986 43,885 43,883

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,923 14,280 14,361 13,881 14,075 14,197 14,203 14,237 14,315

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,918 14,164 14,086 13,902 14,078 14,106 14,141 14,109 14,080

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,767 15,651 15,572 15,671 15,727 15,684 15,643 15,538 15,487

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,863 14,603 14,690 13,794 14,389 14,404 14,510 14,595 14,621

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,786 44,293 44,014 43,701 43,913 43,980 44,134 44,016 43,924

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,516 34,839 34,942 34,194 34,788 34,804 34,561 34,576 34,611

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,807 9,226 9,125 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,050 115,515 115,079 113,820 114,492 115,259 115,469 115,665 115,868

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,630 28,034 27,980 27,126 27,711 27,692 27,869 27,517 27,502

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,030 7,235 7,081 6,982 6,931 6,882 6,927 7,109 7,017

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,199 5,160 5,175 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,252 9,738 9,502 9,448 9,488 9,622 9,570 9,735 9,682

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 13,049 12,042 12,206 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,310 1,376 1,355 22.9 24.5 23.7 23.7 23.6 23.5

16 to 17 years.................................... 502 536 490 27.8 29.3 25.5 25.3 28.4 25.8

18 to 19 years.................................... 816 799 872 20.9 22.7 22.7 22.7 20.4 22.6

20 years and over.................................. 11,739 10,666 10,852 7.9 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.2

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,183 1,968 2,151 14.2 13.8 12.4 13.2 12.6 13.7

25 years and over............................... 9,560 8,661 8,725 7.2 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5

25 to 54 years................................. 7,640 6,742 6,777 7.5 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,149 2,642 2,611 9.3 8.3 8.1 8.2 7.9 7.7

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,210 2,028 2,158 6.8 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.6

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,281 2,071 2,008 6.5 6.3 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.8

55 years and over............................. 1,929 1,911 1,957 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 7,152 6,530 6,486 8.7 8.3 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.9

16 to 19 years...................................... 782 783 739 26.5 28.5 27.1 26.8 26.6 25.9

16 to 17 years.................................... 283 300 231 31.1 36.5 30.0 28.3 31.4 25.1

18 to 19 years.................................... 499 466 508 24.5 25.6 25.7 26.4 23.8 26.3

20 years and over.................................. 6,370 5,747 5,746 8.0 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.2

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,244 1,031 1,108 15.1 15.1 13.7 13.8 12.6 13.5

25 years and over............................... 5,098 4,698 4,620 7.2 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5

25 to 54 years................................. 4,072 3,601 3,525 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.5

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,725 1,427 1,411 9.3 8.3 8.0 8.1 7.9 7.7

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,179 1,069 1,087 6.7 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.2

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,168 1,105 1,027 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.1 5.7

55 years and over............................. 1,026 1,097 1,095 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.2

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 5,897 5,512 5,721 8.2 7.8 7.5 7.7 7.6 7.8

16 to 19 years...................................... 528 594 615 19.1 20.4 20.2 20.4 20.5 21.2

16 to 17 years.................................... 219 236 259 24.5 22.5 21.4 22.0 25.3 26.6

18 to 19 years.................................... 317 334 364 17.0 19.5 19.5 18.8 17.0 18.9

20 years and over.................................. 5,369 4,918 5,105 7.8 7.3 7.0 7.2 7.0 7.3

20 to 24 years.................................... 939 937 1,042 13.1 12.5 10.9 12.5 12.6 13.9

25 years and over............................... 4,462 3,963 4,105 7.2 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.3 6.6

25 to 54 years................................. 3,568 3,141 3,252 7.6 7.1 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,424 1,215 1,200 9.3 8.3 8.2 8.3 7.9 7.7

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,031 959 1,071 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.6 6.4 7.1

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,113 967 981 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0

55 years and over1

........................... 832 773 794 5.7 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.0 5.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 2,386 2,184 2,173 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.7

Married women, spouse present.................... 1,941 1,842 1,916 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.2

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,308 1,103 1,166 12.9 12.3 11.3 11.5 10.7 11.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 11,247 10,155 10,422 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.3 8.1 8.3

Part-time workers3................................... 1,823 1,810 1,819 6.3 6.1 5.7 6.2 6.2 6.2

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 7,691 6,069 6,592 7,487 6,935 6,489 6,536 6,429 6,408

On temporary layoff................................ 1,385 877 1,244 1,208 1,211 1,153 1,077 1,080 1,085

Not on temporary layoff............................ 6,306 5,193 5,348 6,280 5,724 5,335 5,460 5,349 5,323

Permanent job losers............................ 5,000 4,003 4,070 5,003 4,463 4,279 4,261 4,151 4,075

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,306 1,190 1,278 1,276 1,261 1,056 1,199 1,198 1,248

Job leavers............................................. 894 913 933 943 946 962 1,009 926 983

Reentrants............................................. 3,018 3,199 3,228 3,359 3,316 3,313 3,319 3,325 3,587

New entrants.......................................... 1,090 1,223 1,092 1,286 1,268 1,253 1,302 1,326 1,291

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 60.6 53.2 55.7 57.3 55.6 54.0 53.7 53.5 52.2

On temporary layoff................................ 10.9 7.7 10.5 9.2 9.7 9.6 8.8 9.0 8.8

Not on temporary layoff............................ 49.7 45.5 45.2 48.0 45.9 44.4 44.9 44.6 43.4

Job leavers............................................. 7.0 8.0 7.9 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.3 7.7 8.0

Reentrants............................................. 23.8 28.1 27.3 25.7 26.6 27.6 27.3 27.7 29.2

New entrants.......................................... 8.6 10.7 9.2 9.8 10.2 10.4 10.7 11.0 10.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 5.0 3.9 4.3 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3

New entrants.......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,640 2,340 2,678 2,640 2,865 2,535 2,633 2,596 2,676

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 2,735 2,634 2,732 2,840 2,848 2,825 2,847 2,757 2,838

15 weeks and over.................................... 7,317 6,431 6,435 7,583 6,846 6,736 6,829 6,604 6,661

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 1,906 1,724 1,817 1,987 1,823 1,866 1,813 1,820 1,895

27 weeks and over................................. 5,411 4,707 4,618 5,596 5,023 4,871 5,017 4,784 4,766

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 39.7 40.1 37.0 40.7 39.3 39.6 39.9 39.7 38.1

Median duration, in weeks........................... 21.0 19.5 18.1 20.8 18.2 18.7 19.6 18.9 18.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 20.8 20.5 22.6 20.2 22.8 21.0 21.4 21.7 22.0

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 21.5 23.1 23.1 21.7 22.7 23.4 23.1 23.1 23.3

15 weeks and over.................................... 57.7 56.4 54.3 58.0 54.5 55.7 55.5 55.2 54.7

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 15.0 15.1 15.3 15.2 14.5 15.4 14.7 15.2 15.6

27 weeks and over................................. 42.6 41.3 39.0 42.8 40.0 40.3 40.8 40.0 39.1

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 140,681 143,060 12,692 11,844 8.3 7.6

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 52,808 54,635 2,303 2,221 4.2 3.9

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 22,039 22,757 1,019 963 4.4 4.1

Professional and related occupations........................... 30,769 31,877 1,284 1,258 4.0 3.8

Service occupations.................................................. 24,678 25,075 2,542 2,465 9.3 9.0

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,310 33,497 2,844 2,515 7.9 7.0

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,826 15,396 1,325 1,161 7.7 7.0

Office and administrative support occupations................. 17,484 18,101 1,518 1,354 8.0 7.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 13,104 12,811 1,924 1,722 12.8 11.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 915 863 203 194 18.2 18.3

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 7,220 7,069 1,417 1,194 16.4 14.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,970 4,879 304 334 5.8 6.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 16,781 17,042 1,942 1,788 10.4 9.5

Production occupations........................................... 8,441 8,357 1,008 846 10.7 9.2

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,340 8,685 933 943 10.1 9.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 12,692 11,844 8.3 7.6

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 9,956 9,104 8.3 7.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 59 58 6.9 6.3

Construction........................................................................... 1,327 1,105 16.0 13.5

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,217 1,145 7.9 7.5

Durable goods...................................................................... 783 706 8.0 7.3

Nondurable goods................................................................. 434 439 7.6 7.7

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,701 1,430 8.2 7.0

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 399 369 7.0 6.1

Information............................................................................ 235 229 7.7 8.0

Financial activities.................................................................... 514 386 5.6 4.1

Professional and business services................................................ 1,403 1,307 9.3 8.7

Education and health services...................................................... 1,201 1,177 5.5 5.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,395 1,426 10.8 10.8

Other services........................................................................ 505 472 8.0 7.1

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 215 209 14.3 15.1

Government workers.................................................................... 892 874 4.1 4.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 539 566 5.5 5.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012

Dec.

2012

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 5.0 3.9 4.3 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 8.3 7.4 7.6 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 8.8 7.9 8.3 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 9.8 8.8 9.2 10.0 9.6 9.3 9.3 9.2 9.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 15.2 13.9 14.4 15.2 14.7 14.7 14.5 14.4 14.4

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2011

Dec.

2012

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 87,212 89,445 34,813 35,712 52,398 53,733

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 6,135 6,532 2,911 3,064 3,224 3,467

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,540 2,614 1,304 1,303 1,237 1,311

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 945 1,068 565 636 380 433

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,595 1,545 738 667 857 878

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,030 7,081 3,523 3,485 3,506 3,597

Percent of total employed........................................... 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.3 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,504 3,591 1,981 1,976 1,523 1,615

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,990 2,118 689 729 1,301 1,390

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 239 228 125 137 114 91

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,248 1,088 711 608 537 481

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Change

from:

Nov.2012 -

Dec.2012p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,965 134,708 135,065 134,822 132,186 133,705 133,866 134,021 155

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,632 112,398 112,651 112,548 110,193 111,757 111,928 112,096 168

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,076 18,615 18,448 18,297 18,176 18,331 18,330 18,389 59

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818 839 835 831 822 829 833 837 4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 52.0 50.9 51.1 48.7 50.0 50.0 50.7 0.7

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769.9 787.2 784.1 780.1 773.3 779.3 783.4 786.1 2.7

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.3 195.4 196.0 197.3 186.3 196.1 196.9 198.4 1.5

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.4 219.1 215.1 209.5 220.5 214.5 214.0 213.9 -0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.9 79.4 78.6 78.5 86.6 79.7 79.2 78.6 -0.6

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.2 372.7 373.0 373.3 366.5 368.7 372.5 373.8 1.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,441 5,772 5,644 5,482 5,546 5,544 5,534 5,564 30

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,222.6 1,262.4 1,241.6 1,229.2 1,226.7 1,225.0 1,219.5 1,232.3 12.8

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570.6 578.6 574.3 564.2 571.4 562.5 559.0 564.8 5.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652.0 683.8 667.3 665.0 655.3 662.5 660.5 667.5 7.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 798.8 910.5 872.0 806.2 840.0 844.5 841.1 840.4 -0.7

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,419.3 3,598.7 3,530.3 3,446.8 3,479.6 3,474.0 3,473.1 3,491.0 17.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,425.1 1,528.0 1,500.4 1,464.1 1,455.0 1,473.7 1,479.1 1,491.4 12.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 1,994.2 2,070.7 2,029.9 1,982.7 2,024.6 2,000.3 1,994.0 1,999.6 5.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,817 12,004 11,969 11,984 11,808 11,958 11,963 11,988 25

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,366 7,486 7,489 7,504 7,361 7,474 7,492 7,503 11

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.4 333.9 335.3 335.8 332.0 332.6 335.6 337.5 1.9

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361.2 367.5 365.4 361.4 367.0 361.2 363.1 366.6 3.5

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.8 406.6 404.7 404.1 400.7 405.9 404.7 404.9 0.2

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,366.6 1,410.1 1,410.2 1,407.9 1,367.8 1,406.1 1,409.0 1,408.3 -0.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,086.0 1,100.2 1,100.3 1,105.5 1,082.0 1,101.7 1,104.1 1,106.1 2.0

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,110.2 1,099.3 1,095.4 1,099.9 1,107.4 1,100.3 1,097.3 1,097.3 0.0

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 162.7 164.0 164.5 165.4 162.2 164.6 164.3 164.3 0.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 107.0 106.6 107.0 112.2 107.1 106.8 106.7 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.0 384.9 382.0 383.3 386.5 384.7 383.2 382.8 -0.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.6 398.2 397.6 399.5 401.4 398.9 398.9 399.3 0.4

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 369.2 372.0 370.6 369.9 369.1 371.9 371.7 369.6 -2.1

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421.1 1,466.3 1,478.1 1,488.5 1,414.2 1,466.2 1,477.8 1,483.8 6.0

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742.8 773.2 784.8 792.9 737.6 773.6 785.0 789.8 4.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.1 349.1 346.5 347.5 348.6 348.5 348.6 348.2 -0.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.4 580.5 582.9 583.2 572.6 579.8 579.6 580.7 1.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,451 4,518 4,480 4,480 4,447 4,484 4,471 4,485 14

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,448.0 1,493.1 1,466.9 1,457.3 1,442.2 1,466.5 1,455.3 1,459.8 4.5

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 189.1 205.8 201.8 200.9 191.9 201.3 202.3 203.7 1.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.1 117.8 119.4 119.5 119.6 118.3 119.5 119.9 0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.4 114.2 114.0 115.1 114.3 114.0 114.2 115.0 0.8

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.7 147.2 146.8 145.3 150.1 146.5 146.2 145.8 -0.4

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 29.0 29.3 29.5 30.3 28.9 29.0 29.5 0.5

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.6 390.1 388.5 388.7 392.2 390.0 388.6 388.1 -0.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 460.9 452.5 453.9 454.1 459.6 451.4 452.2 452.6 0.4

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.8 118.9 117.3 115.8 113.9 115.7 116.4 117.3 0.9

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796.6 800.1 790.7 801.0 793.8 801.5 795.3 799.6 4.3

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638.2 649.6 651.1 652.6 639.5 649.6 651.8 653.9 2.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,556 93,783 94,203 94,251 92,017 93,426 93,598 93,707 109

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,803 25,532 26,051 26,137 25,181 25,465 25,543 25,532 -11

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,580.1 5,666.7 5,674.9 5,669.4 5,568.8 5,649.2 5,659.7 5,659.6 -0.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,773.8 2,801.3 2,802.8 2,806.2 2,770.5 2,795.8 2,800.2 2,803.0 2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957.8 1,996.1 2,001.5 1,990.8 1,952.8 1,986.2 1,990.2 1,986.9 -3.3

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 848.5 869.3 870.6 872.4 845.5 867.2 869.3 869.7 0.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,231.1 14,855.1 15,345.5 15,433.8 14,731.5 14,848.7 14,911.5 14,900.2 -11.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,699.0 1,737.8 1,734.7 1,728.9 1,709.3 1,731.1 1,735.7 1,739.6 3.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,067.9 1,098.3 1,096.1 1,095.5 1,071.4 1,094.7 1,096.3 1,100.3 4.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 467.4 460.5 470.1 477.4 446.5 452.8 452.1 452.6 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Change

from:

Nov.2012 -

Dec.2012p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.8 496.3 532.8 535.1 514.8 497.5 508.0 508.8 0.8

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,108.2 1,132.5 1,130.2 1,123.2 1,141.8 1,155.2 1,158.8 1,160.1 1.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,874.5 2,893.8 2,925.0 2,927.0 2,848.5 2,890.9 2,897.6 2,901.4 3.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 999.9 1,015.4 1,027.6 1,035.3 984.2 1,016.3 1,017.1 1,017.8 0.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.2 833.5 836.9 836.1 830.5 832.6 835.6 837.0 1.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,527.9 1,416.9 1,580.4 1,580.3 1,384.5 1,408.9 1,439.2 1,420.5 -18.7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.2 568.4 604.6 604.0 558.2 567.4 565.9 563.5 -2.4

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,337.1 3,049.9 3,244.8 3,321.9 3,116.0 3,070.6 3,084.7 3,085.0 0.3

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,734.6 1,491.6 1,627.7 1,681.8 1,567.1 1,511.7 1,514.1 1,509.3 -4.8

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778.0 802.8 792.7 789.7 761.5 789.0 780.3 774.9 -5.4

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466.9 447.3 465.7 474.9 435.7 436.4 436.5 439.0 2.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,435.0 4,445.2 4,469.1 4,468.6 4,321.8 4,401.7 4,407.5 4,406.9 -0.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.1 451.9 447.7 446.4 456.1 452.4 449.1 448.1 -1.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.4 232.2 232.5 231.8 231.7 231.6 231.2 231.4 0.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 68.1 67.5 67.2 63.3 67.6 68.4 67.7 -0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,315.6 1,373.4 1,368.8 1,362.4 1,318.1 1,355.4 1,358.3 1,362.5 4.2

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449.3 463.5 463.5 464.9 433.5 444.8 445.5 447.6 2.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 44.2 44.4 44.6 43.4 44.2 44.4 44.4 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 24.4 31.4 27.7 26.1 29.6 30.6 30.8 31.4 0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 575.7 591.1 586.7 590.8 574.1 587.4 584.8 587.4 2.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618.2 515.0 547.6 550.4 521.9 520.5 524.5 513.7 -10.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658.8 674.4 682.7 684.0 650.1 667.2 670.5 672.7 2.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.1 564.7 561.6 565.0 559.1 565.3 563.8 565.6 1.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660 2,616 2,650 2,641 2,645 2,621 2,634 2,625 -9

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 749.9 738.6 736.2 735.4 746.1 736.2 733.0 730.3 -2.7

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.2 357.1 387.3 381.7 363.8 365.3 381.5 378.8 -2.7

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.0 279.3 280.6 279.5 279.6 278.4 278.4 278.2 -0.2

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851.9 827.8 832.5 830.8 846.9 828.5 828.2 826.4 -1.8

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.7 241.4 241.6 242.2 242.5 241.6 240.7 240.9 0.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.5 171.6 172.2 171.1 166.5 171.2 171.9 170.6 -1.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,707 7,771 7,764 7,793 7,696 7,767 7,767 7,776 9

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,771.2 5,804.0 5,816.2 5,837.2 5,756.8 5,806.0 5,811.2 5,818.8 7.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 18.8 19.4 19.5 19.7 18.9 19.4 19.5 19.7 0.2

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,578.3 2,604.1 2,613.7 2,621.0 2,570.1 2,607.1 2,609.7 2,611.3 1.6

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,748.1 1,746.4 1,747.8 1,754.7 1,745.9 1,749.8 1,750.5 1,750.0 -0.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321.1 1,315.7 1,314.7 1,317.2 1,319.7 1,317.3 1,316.9 1,314.3 -2.6

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.5 806.3 805.2 808.5 803.7 805.1 803.2 806.8 3.6

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,285.0 2,289.9 2,294.1 2,303.7 2,279.6 2,290.2 2,295.1 2,297.5 2.4

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 84.6 84.3 83.7 84.3 84.5 84.2 83.7 83.5 -0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,935.6 1,967.3 1,947.8 1,955.3 1,939.0 1,961.1 1,955.7 1,957.0 1.3

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,409.1 1,424.2 1,413.0 1,424.4 1,408.5 1,420.0 1,416.5 1,419.2 2.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.1 520.0 511.6 507.7 506.3 518.1 516.3 515.0 -1.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 24.4 23.1 23.2 23.2 24.2 23.0 22.9 22.8 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,698 18,181 18,177 18,147 17,593 18,014 18,046 18,065 19

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,859.3 7,968.9 7,995.4 8,076.2 7,815.5 8,004.4 8,020.9 8,037.8 16.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118.8 1,123.3 1,123.4 1,125.7 1,115.6 1,122.6 1,122.4 1,123.4 1.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 966.3 883.1 900.1 961.6 957.8 956.2 956.1 952.1 -4.0

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,303.1 1,336.9 1,335.4 1,336.6 1,303.1 1,330.2 1,333.2 1,337.0 3.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,564.3 1,630.3 1,639.0 1,642.9 1,557.8 1,623.8 1,632.7 1,638.3 5.6

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112.9 1,162.6 1,161.0 1,171.6 1,099.6 1,152.4 1,152.0 1,157.8 5.8

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,939.2 1,958.3 1,968.1 1,974.1 1,932.5 1,959.4 1,965.2 1,967.1 1.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,899.2 8,254.0 8,213.7 8,097.1 7,844.9 8,050.1 8,059.8 8,060.1 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Change

from:

Nov.2012 -

Dec.2012p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 7,533.7 7,879.4 7,841.8 7,727.8 7,477.0 7,678.5 7,687.7 7,688.2 0.5

Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,163.4 3,336.1 3,322.7 3,284.2 3,047.9 3,208.0 3,204.4 3,196.1 -8.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,505.8 2,655.0 2,654.4 2,620.9 2,396.3 2,542.5 2,550.3 2,549.7 -0.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.8 840.3 851.0 854.4 819.9 829.6 831.6 829.5 -2.1

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,702.1 1,840.6 1,807.9 1,727.5 1,780.5 1,792.3 1,798.3 1,798.5 0.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.5 374.6 371.9 369.3 367.9 371.6 372.1 371.9 -0.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,236 20,609 20,684 20,703 20,079 20,442 20,466 20,531 65

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,396.8 3,472.0 3,504.3 3,453.7 3,278.9 3,331.6 3,328.8 3,339.1 10.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,839.2 17,136.9 17,179.9 17,249.0 16,800.3 17,110.8 17,136.7 17,191.7 55.0

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,204.4 14,475.0 14,501.0 14,558.4 14,185.4 14,458.9 14,478.6 14,523.1 44.5

Ambulatory health care services1

. . . . . . . . . 6,249.3 6,432.2 6,432.5 6,462.4 6,237.0 6,414.0 6,418.4 6,441.4 23.0

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,402.3 2,456.2 2,458.9 2,472.4 2,389.9 2,449.2 2,450.5 2,457.3 6.8

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639.8 674.6 673.0 678.1 637.9 673.3 674.1 677.0 2.9

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,160.0 1,219.6 1,217.5 1,221.5 1,160.0 1,214.7 1,214.4 1,219.8 5.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,775.7 4,839.3 4,852.4 4,868.7 4,774.3 4,841.0 4,850.4 4,862.1 11.7

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,179.4 3,203.5 3,216.1 3,227.3 3,174.1 3,203.9 3,209.8 3,219.6 9.8

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,664.7 1,659.9 1,667.3 1,666.9 1,661.4 1,660.2 1,662.5 1,663.4 0.9

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,634.8 2,661.9 2,678.9 2,690.6 2,614.9 2,651.9 2,658.1 2,668.6 10.5

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.6 855.7 856.7 852.4 841.5 842.8 839.4 839.4 0.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,116 13,680 13,497 13,456 13,464 13,724 13,753 13,784 31

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,746.7 1,891.7 1,803.6 1,794.4 1,911.0 1,932.7 1,946.8 1,944.8 -2.0

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 373.3 411.5 394.2 392.3 392.9 407.5 406.4 409.3 2.9

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 135.0 130.3 129.2 135.4 135.3 135.8 135.9 0.1

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,245.3 1,345.2 1,279.1 1,272.9 1,382.7 1,389.9 1,404.6 1,399.6 -5.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,369.2 11,788.0 11,693.1 11,662.0 11,552.5 11,791.1 11,806.4 11,839.6 33.2

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,734.9 1,799.2 1,756.0 1,738.9 1,802.0 1,807.8 1,808.3 1,803.5 -4.8

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,634.3 9,988.8 9,937.1 9,923.1 9,750.5 9,983.3 9,998.1 10,036.1 38.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,336 5,394 5,380 5,374 5,359 5,393 5,389 5,394 5

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156.9 1,168.9 1,161.2 1,160.6 1,165.3 1,166.4 1,164.1 1,168.5 4.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,289.9 1,304.1 1,304.3 1,302.3 1,292.3 1,305.8 1,305.4 1,303.5 -1.9

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,889.0 2,920.5 2,914.6 2,910.7 2,901.1 2,920.8 2,919.9 2,922.2 2.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,333 22,310 22,414 22,274 21,993 21,948 21,938 21,925 -13

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,834.0 2,805.0 2,785.0 2,793.0 2,836.0 2,803.0 2,797.0 2,794.0 -3.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,211.6 2,193.4 2,184.4 2,184.8 2,216.2 2,196.3 2,194.4 2,192.0 -2.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.1 611.7 600.1 608.5 619.5 606.5 602.3 602.1 -0.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,156.0 5,216.0 5,236.0 5,176.0 5,048.0 5,067.0 5,068.0 5,072.0 4.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,491.8 2,586.1 2,608.4 2,543.5 2,377.9 2,425.7 2,428.3 2,430.8 2.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,663.7 2,630.2 2,627.6 2,632.0 2,670.3 2,640.8 2,640.0 2,641.0 1.0

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,343.0 14,289.0 14,393.0 14,305.0 14,109.0 14,078.0 14,073.0 14,059.0 -14.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,173.3 8,071.1 8,166.8 8,129.5 7,859.5 7,824.0 7,817.1 7,805.6 -11.5

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,170.1 6,218.2 6,225.7 6,175.1 6,249.5 6,254.3 6,256.0 6,253.8 -2.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.4 34.3 34.4 34.5

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.2 40.1 40.2 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.7 43.5 43.5 44.0

Construction........................................................................ 38.4 38.8 38.9 39.3

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.7 40.5 40.6 40.7

Durable goods................................................................... 41.1 40.7 40.9 40.9

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.0 40.0 40.1 40.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.2 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.7 34.4 34.6 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.8 38.6 38.7 38.7

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.8 31.4 31.6 31.5

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.3 38.3 38.5 38.5

Utilities............................................................................ 41.1 41.5 42.6 42.0

Information.......................................................................... 36.6 36.2 36.5 36.6

Financial activities................................................................. 37.3 37.2 37.3 37.3

Professional and business services............................................. 35.8 35.8 36.0 35.9

Education and health services................................................... 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.7

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 26.1 26.0 26.0 26.2

Other services...................................................................... 31.6 31.5 31.5 31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Total private................................................. $23.25 $23.59 $23.66 $23.73 $ 799.80 $ 809.14 $ 813.90 $ 818.69

Goods-producing........................................ 24.55 24.77 24.87 24.95 986.91 993.28 999.77 1,007.98

Mining and logging................................... 28.39 28.72 28.94 29.09 1,269.03 1,249.32 1,258.89 1,279.96

Construction........................................... 25.44 25.85 25.96 25.98 976.90 1,002.98 1,009.84 1,021.01

Manufacturing......................................... 23.86 24.00 24.08 24.18 971.10 972.00 977.65 984.13

Durable goods...................................... 25.33 25.40 25.48 25.59 1,041.06 1,033.78 1,042.13 1,046.63

Nondurable goods................................. 21.37 21.63 21.70 21.78 854.80 865.20 870.17 877.73

Private service-providing............................... 22.94 23.31 23.37 23.44 763.90 773.89 778.22 780.55

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 20.22 20.59 20.63 20.71 701.63 708.30 713.80 714.50

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.49 27.04 27.12 27.27 1,027.81 1,043.74 1,049.54 1,055.35

Retail trade.......................................... 16.03 16.41 16.40 16.49 509.75 515.27 518.24 519.44

Transportation and warehousing................. 22.00 21.91 21.92 21.94 842.60 839.15 843.92 844.69

Utilities............................................... 33.68 34.24 35.32 34.99 1,384.25 1,420.96 1,504.63 1,469.58

Information............................................. 31.73 31.73 31.80 32.03 1,161.32 1,148.63 1,160.70 1,172.30

Financial activities.................................... 28.30 29.45 29.51 29.58 1,055.59 1,095.54 1,100.72 1,103.33

Professional and business services................ 27.90 28.14 28.21 28.29 998.82 1,007.41 1,015.56 1,015.61

Education and health services...................... 23.90 24.30 24.40 24.47 783.92 797.04 800.32 800.17

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.33 13.38 13.40 13.41 347.91 347.88 348.40 351.34

Other services......................................... 20.67 20.86 20.87 20.96 653.17 657.09 657.41 662.34

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2012 -

Dec.

2012p

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2012 -

Dec.

2012p

Total private....................................... 95.0 96.1 96.5 96.9 0.4 105.3 108.1 108.9 109.7 0.7

Goods-producing............................... 83.2 83.7 84.0 84.6 0.7 92.4 93.8 94.4 95.4 1.1

Mining and logging.......................... 115.5 113.3 113.9 115.7 1.6 131.6 130.7 132.3 135.2 2.2

Construction.................................. 73.4 74.2 74.2 75.4 1.6 81.1 83.3 83.7 85.1 1.7

Manufacturing................................ 86.5 87.1 87.4 87.8 0.5 95.9 97.2 97.9 98.7 0.8

Durable goods............................ 85.2 85.6 86.3 86.4 0.1 95.8 96.6 97.6 98.2 0.6

Nondurable goods........................ 88.8 89.5 89.5 90.2 0.8 96.3 98.3 98.5 99.7 1.2

Private service-providing...................... 98.4 99.6 100.1 100.2 0.1 109.4 112.5 113.3 113.8 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 95.0 95.3 96.1 95.8 -0.3 103.4 105.6 106.7 106.8 0.1

Wholesale trade........................... 94.3 95.1 95.6 95.6 0.0 104.2 107.4 108.2 108.8 0.6

Retail trade................................ 95.2 94.7 95.7 95.3 -0.4 100.8 102.7 103.8 103.9 0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 94.7 96.5 97.1 97.1 0.0 105.8 107.3 108.0 108.1 0.1

Utilities..................................... 99.4 101.5 103.9 102.8 -1.1 110.6 114.8 121.3 118.8 -2.1

Information................................... 88.4 86.7 87.8 87.7 -0.1 99.9 97.9 99.4 100.1 0.7

Financial activities........................... 94.6 95.2 95.5 95.6 0.1 104.5 109.4 110.0 110.4 0.4

Professional and business services....... 99.1 101.4 102.2 102.0 -0.2 112.0 115.6 116.8 116.9 0.1

Education and health services............. 107.2 109.2 109.3 109.3 0.0 120.0 124.3 124.9 125.3 0.3

Leisure and hospitality...................... 100.3 101.8 102.0 103.0 1.0 107.8 109.9 110.3 111.5 1.1

Other services............................... 93.8 94.1 94.1 94.4 0.3 110.1 111.4 111.4 112.3 0.8

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Total nonfarm............................................... – – – – – – – –

Total private.............................................. – – – – – – – –

Goods-producing...................................... 4,044 4,093 4,098 4,096 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.3

Mining and logging................................. 109 113 113 112 13.3 13.6 13.6 13.4

Construction........................................ 709 716 717 716 12.8 12.9 13.0 12.9

Manufacturing....................................... 3,226 3,264 3,268 3,268 27.3 27.3 27.3 27.3

Durable goods................................... 1,714 1,729 1,731 1,733 23.3 23.1 23.1 23.1

Nondurable goods............................... 1,512 1,535 1,537 1,535 34.0 34.2 34.4 34.2

Private service-providing............................. – – – – – – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... – – – – – – – –

Wholesale trade................................. 1,678.0 1,695.6 1,693.8 1,686.6 30.1 30.0 29.9 29.8

Retail trade....................................... – – – – – – – –

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,006.0 1,024.9 1,026.2 1,032.6 23.3 23.3 23.3 23.4

Utilities............................................ 137.3 141.1 141.4 142.0 24.6 25.0 25.1 25.1

Information.......................................... 1,069 1,056 1,058 1,060 40.4 40.3 40.2 40.4

Financial activities.................................. 4,480 4,506 4,511 4,515 58.2 58.0 58.1 58.1

Professional and business services............. 7,805 7,963 7,973 7,977 44.4 44.2 44.2 44.2

Education and health services................... 15,417 15,692 15,717 15,768 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality............................. 7,025 7,155 7,179 7,195 52.2 52.1 52.2 52.2

Other services...................................... 2,824 2,849 2,844 2,845 52.7 52.8 52.8 52.7

Government.............................................. 12,574 12,513 12,509 12,498 57.2 57.0 57.0 57.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Some data in this table have been temporarily suspended. For more information see http://www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_retail_correction.htm.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Total private................................................................................ 90,956 92,367 92,489 92,634

Goods-producing........................................................................ 13,111 13,186 13,176 13,227

Mining and logging................................................................... 621 624 625 627

Construction........................................................................... 4,193 4,151 4,148 4,175

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,297 8,411 8,403 8,425

Durable goods...................................................................... 5,059 5,149 5,159 5,167

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,238 3,262 3,244 3,258

Private service-providing............................................................... 77,845 79,181 79,313 79,407

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 21,361 21,617 21,670 21,651

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,473.6 4,554.2 4,558.6 4,559.8

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,717.6 12,793.8 12,838.1 12,816.4

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,724.7 3,817.6 3,821.8 3,822.6

Utilities............................................................................... 445.4 451.7 451.4 452.0

Information............................................................................ 2,128 2,122 2,134 2,125

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,900 5,979 5,978 5,990

Professional and business services................................................ 14,480 14,927 14,948 14,977

Education and health services...................................................... 17,607 17,910 17,934 17,981

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,878 12,121 12,145 12,177

Other services........................................................................ 4,491 4,505 4,504 4,506

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.8

Goods-producing..................................................................... 41.1 41.0 41.1 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.6 45.8 46.1 46.4

Construction........................................................................ 39.2 39.4 39.4 39.6

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.6 41.5 41.6 41.6

Durable goods................................................................... 42.1 41.8 41.9 41.8

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.9 41.0 41.1 41.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.8 33.6 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.7 38.6 38.7 38.7

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.7 30.3 30.6 30.6

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 37.7 38.0 38.2 38.3

Utilities............................................................................ 40.5 40.8 42.0 41.6

Information.......................................................................... 36.0 35.6 35.9 35.8

Financial activities................................................................. 36.6 36.8 36.8 36.7

Professional and business services............................................. 35.2 35.1 35.2 35.4

Education and health services................................................... 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.1

Other services...................................................................... 30.8 30.5 30.5 30.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2

Durable goods........................................................................ 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminar
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Total private................................................. $19.59 $19.82 $19.86 $19.92 $ 660.18 $ 665.95 $ 669.28 $ 673.30

Goods-producing........................................ 20.78 21.02 21.07 21.12 854.06 861.82 865.98 870.14

Mining and logging................................... 24.89 25.96 26.13 26.10 1,184.76 1,188.97 1,204.59 1,211.04

Construction........................................... 23.75 24.06 24.12 24.17 931.00 947.96 950.33 957.13

Manufacturing......................................... 19.02 19.18 19.23 19.26 791.23 795.97 799.97 801.22

Durable goods...................................... 20.15 20.25 20.29 20.34 848.32 846.45 850.15 850.21

Nondurable goods................................. 17.19 17.47 17.50 17.51 703.07 716.27 719.25 719.66

Private service-providing............................... 19.34 19.56 19.60 19.66 628.55 633.74 637.00 638.95

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 17.25 17.46 17.48 17.51 583.05 586.66 592.57 593.59

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.97 22.24 22.30 22.39 850.24 858.46 863.01 866.49

Retail trade.......................................... 13.68 13.85 13.84 13.86 419.98 419.66 423.50 424.12

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.60 19.48 19.48 19.53 738.92 740.24 744.14 748.00

Utilities............................................... 30.99 31.87 32.60 32.07 1,255.10 1,300.30 1,369.20 1,334.11

Information............................................. 26.80 27.05 26.98 27.20 964.80 962.98 968.58 973.76

Financial activities.................................... 22.26 23.04 23.19 23.43 814.72 847.87 853.39 859.88

Professional and business services................ 23.12 23.32 23.38 23.44 813.82 818.53 822.98 829.78

Education and health services...................... 21.01 21.12 21.16 21.21 678.62 682.18 683.47 685.08

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.53 11.65 11.65 11.69 287.10 290.09 290.09 293.42

Other services......................................... 17.42 17.54 17.56 17.59 536.54 534.97 535.58 536.50

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2012 -

Dec.

2012p

Dec.

2011

Oct.

2012

Nov.

2012p

Dec.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2012 -

Dec.

2012p

Total private....................................... 102.4 103.7 104.1 104.6 0.5 134.1 137.3 138.2 139.2 0.7

Goods-producing............................... 82.3 82.6 82.8 83.3 0.6 104.8 106.4 106.8 107.7 0.8

Mining and logging.......................... 157.1 151.9 153.1 154.6 1.0 227.4 229.3 232.7 234.7 0.9

Construction.................................. 82.3 81.9 81.8 82.8 1.2 105.5 106.4 106.6 108.0 1.3

Manufacturing................................ 79.2 80.1 80.2 80.5 0.4 98.6 100.5 100.9 101.3 0.4

Durable goods............................ 80.0 80.9 81.2 81.2 0.0 100.7 102.3 102.9 103.1 0.2

Nondurable goods........................ 78.0 78.8 78.6 78.9 0.4 94.8 97.3 97.1 97.6 0.5

Private service-providing...................... 108.2 109.7 110.2 110.3 0.1 143.4 147.1 148.1 148.7 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 100.7 101.3 102.4 102.3 -0.1 123.9 126.1 127.7 127.8 0.1

Wholesale trade........................... 102.0 103.5 103.9 103.9 0.0 132.0 135.6 136.5 137.1 0.4

Retail trade................................ 98.8 98.1 99.4 99.3 -0.1 115.9 116.5 118.0 117.9 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 105.7 109.2 109.9 110.2 0.3 131.4 134.9 135.8 136.5 0.5

Utilities..................................... 92.3 94.2 97.0 96.2 -0.8 119.3 125.4 131.9 128.7 -2.4

Information................................... 87.4 86.2 87.4 86.8 -0.7 116.0 115.5 116.8 116.9 0.1

Financial activities........................... 103.3 105.3 105.3 105.2 -0.1 142.2 150.0 150.9 152.4 1.0

Professional and business services....... 114.2 117.4 117.9 118.8 0.8 157.2 163.0 164.1 165.7 1.0

Education and health services............. 122.7 124.8 125.0 125.3 0.2 169.4 173.3 173.8 174.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality...................... 108.3 110.6 110.8 112.0 1.1 141.9 146.3 146.6 148.6 1.4

Other services............................... 97.0 96.4 96.3 96.4 0.1 123.1 123.2 123.3 123.5 0.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary