For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, November 30, 2022 USDL-22-2234

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2022

The number of job openings edged down to 10.3 million on the last business day of October, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month the number of hires and total separations 

changed little at 6.0 million and 5.7 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (4.0 million) and 

layoffs and discharges (1.4 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and 

rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 

establishment size class.

Job Openings 

On the last business day of October, the number of job openings edged down to 10.3 million 

(-353,000). The rate changed little at 6.3 percent but was 1.0 percentage points lower than its peak in 

March 2022. In October, job openings decreased in state and local government, excluding education 

(-101,000); nondurable goods manufacturing (-95,000); and federal government (-61,000). The number 

of job openings increased in other services (+76,000) and in finance and insurance (+70,000). 

(See table 1.) 

Hires 

In October, the number and rate of hires changed little at 6.0 million and 3.9 percent, respectively. Hires 

changed little in all industries. (See table 2.) 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

 3.0

 3.4

 3.8

 4.2

 4.6

 5.0

 5.4

 5.8

 6.2

 6.6

 7.0

 7.4

Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21 Oct-21 Apr-22 Oct-22

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, October 2019 - October 2022

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21 Oct-21 Apr-22 Oct-22

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, October 2019 - October 2022
- 2 -

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.

In October, the number of total separations changed little at 5.7 million, and the rate was unchanged at 

3.7 percent. The number of total separations changed little in all industries. (See table 3.)

In October, the number and rate of quits were little changed at 4.0 million and 2.6 percent, respectively. 

In October, quits decreased in information (-29,000). (See table 4.)

In October, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.4 million, and the rate was 

unchanged at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges decreased in federal government (-3,000).

(See table 5.)

The number of other separations were little changed in October at 270,000. Other separations

decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-14,000) and in durable goods manufacturing 

(-8,000). Other separations increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+7,000). (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In October, the job openings rate decreased in establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees. The total

separations rate decreased in establishments with 5,000 or more employees. The layoffs and discharges 

rate increased in establishments with 1 to 9 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS 

establishment size class estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2022 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, January 4, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 11,094 10,687 10,334 6,460 6,096 6,012 5,852 5,665 5,683

Total private....................................... 10,158 9,627 9,412 6,104 5,716 5,621 5,442 5,270 5,309

Mining and logging............................. 29 29 35 21 22 20 18 20 20

Construction.................................... 392 423 371 362 359 332 339 343 326

Manufacturing.................................. 923 835 746 481 401 429 417 374 390

Durable goods............................... 529 490 495 271 219 228 224 203 205

Nondurable goods........................... 394 346 251 210 183 201 193 170 186

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,968 1,620 1,644 1,354 1,236 1,247 1,262 1,212 1,195

Wholesale trade............................. 345 243 283 171 158 164 162 136 144

Retail trade................................... 1,038 855 879 867 756 751 847 752 757

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 585 521 482 315 322 333 253 324 294

Information...................................... 179 218 226 119 102 93 101 93 73

Financial activities.............................. 445 472 537 218 234 204 195 225 207

Finance and insurance..................... 338 282 352 137 148 127 130 145 123

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 107 190 185 80 86 77 65 80 84

Professional and business services......... 2,043 1,940 1,794 1,310 1,137 1,123 1,095 1,043 1,070

Education and health services............... 2,097 2,277 2,172 826 840 816 759 737 728

Educational services........................ 192 194 175 118 96 96 84 87 86

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,905 2,083 1,997 708 745 720 674 650 642

Leisure and hospitality........................ 1,632 1,578 1,578 1,179 1,140 1,130 1,028 1,032 1,070

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 184 213 204 156 158 136 137 145 134

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 1,448 1,365 1,374 1,023 982 994 891 887 936

Other services.................................. 451 234 310 234 244 226 228 193 230

Government....................................... 935 1,060 922 356 380 390 410 395 374

Federal.......................................... 127 181 120 46 43 42 52 43 39

State and local................................. 808 880 802 310 337 348 358 352 336

State and local education.................. 313 307 330 155 156 178 171 169 169

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 496 573 472 156 181 170 187 183 167

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 7.0 6.5 6.3 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7

Total private....................................... 7.5 6.9 6.7 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging............................. 4.7 4.4 5.2 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1

Construction.................................... 5.0 5.2 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.2

Manufacturing.................................. 6.9 6.1 5.5 3.9 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.0

Durable goods............................... 6.4 5.8 5.8 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods........................... 7.7 6.6 4.9 4.5 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.5 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 6.6 5.3 5.4 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.1

Wholesale trade............................. 5.7 4.0 4.6 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.4

Retail trade................................... 6.3 5.1 5.3 5.6 4.8 4.7 5.4 4.8 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 8.0 6.9 6.4 4.7 4.6 4.7 3.7 4.6 4.2

Information...................................... 5.8 6.7 6.9 4.1 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.0 2.4

Financial activities.............................. 4.8 5.0 5.6 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance..................... 4.9 4.1 5.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 4.5 7.4 7.3 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.8 3.4 3.6

Professional and business services......... 8.6 8.0 7.4 6.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.8

Education and health services............... 8.1 8.5 8.1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9

Educational services........................ 5.0 4.8 4.3 3.2 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 8.6 9.1 8.7 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................ 10.0 9.1 9.0 8.0 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.5 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 8.0 8.4 8.0 7.3 6.8 5.8 6.4 6.2 5.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 10.3 9.2 9.2 8.1 7.3 7.3 7.1 6.6 6.9

Other services.................................. 7.5 3.9 5.1 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.4 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Government....................................... 4.1 4.5 4.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7

Federal.......................................... 4.2 5.9 4.0 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.4

State and local................................. 4.0 4.3 4.0 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7

State and local education.................. 3.0 2.9 3.1 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 5.2 5.9 4.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.8

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

 The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

 The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are 

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly. 

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program. 

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements. 

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations. 

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust 

again. 

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established. 

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month. 

Reliability of the estimates 

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected. 

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

Other information 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total............................................... 11,094 11,040 11,170 10,280 10,687 10,334 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.3 6.5 6.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 10,158 10,054 10,065 9,240 9,627 9,412 7.5 7.2 7.2 6.6 6.9 6.7

Mining and logging......................... 29 38 35 24 29 35 4.7 5.6 5.3 3.7 4.4 5.2

Construction................................ 392 353 353 386 423 371 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.8 5.2 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 923 850 910 846 835 746 6.9 6.2 6.6 6.2 6.1 5.5

Durable goods........................... 529 558 530 514 490 495 6.4 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.8

Nondurable goods....................... 394 293 380 332 346 251 7.7 5.7 7.2 6.4 6.6 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,968 1,653 1,778 1,576 1,620 1,644 6.6 5.4 5.8 5.2 5.3 5.4

Wholesale trade......................... 345 276 278 342 243 283 5.7 4.5 4.5 5.5 4.0 4.6

Retail trade............................... 1,038 885 946 792 855 879 6.3 5.3 5.6 4.8 5.1 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 585 492 554 442 521 482 8.0 6.5 7.3 5.9 6.9 6.4

Information.................................. 179 239 222 201 218 226 5.8 7.4 6.8 6.2 6.7 6.9

Financial activities......................... 445 622 641 557 472 537 4.8 6.5 6.7 5.8 5.0 5.6

Finance and insurance................. 338 476 474 363 282 352 4.9 6.7 6.7 5.2 4.1 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 107 145 167 194 190 185 4.5 5.8 6.6 7.6 7.4 7.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 2,043 2,127 1,991 1,812 1,940 1,794 8.6 8.7 8.2 7.5 8.0 7.4

Education and health services........... 2,097 2,222 2,165 2,168 2,277 2,172 8.1 8.4 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.1

Educational services.................... 192 196 207 187 194 175 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.8 4.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,905 2,026 1,958 1,981 2,083 1,997 8.6 9.0 8.7 8.7 9.1 8.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,632 1,494 1,516 1,397 1,578 1,578 10.0 8.7 8.8 8.1 9.1 9.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 184 152 203 193 213 204 8.0 6.2 8.1 7.7 8.4 8.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,448 1,343 1,313 1,204 1,365 1,374 10.3 9.1 8.9 8.2 9.2 9.2

Other services.............................. 451 456 454 274 234 310 7.5 7.4 7.4 4.6 3.9 5.1

Government................................... 935 986 1,104 1,040 1,060 922 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.0

Federal...................................... 127 114 158 139 181 120 4.2 3.8 5.2 4.6 5.9 4.0

State and local............................. 808 872 946 900 880 802 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.0

State and local education.............. 313 318 335 331 307 330 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 496 554 611 569 573 472 5.2 5.8 6.3 5.9 5.9 4.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,777 1,870 1,776 1,634 1,670 1,665 6.3 6.5 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.8

South........................................... 4,269 4,330 4,322 4,092 4,227 4,017 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.9 6.6

Midwest........................................ 2,515 2,433 2,487 2,175 2,342 2,167 7.3 6.9 7.0 6.2 6.6 6.1

West............................................ 2,533 2,407 2,584 2,379 2,448 2,484 6.8 6.4 6.8 6.3 6.4 6.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total............................................... 6,460 6,456 6,238 6,334 6,096 6,012 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,104 6,033 5,846 5,919 5,716 5,621 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3

Mining and logging......................... 21 30 25 20 22 20 3.6 4.8 4.0 3.3 3.5 3.2

Construction................................ 362 352 384 349 359 332 4.9 4.6 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.3

Manufacturing.............................. 481 481 428 461 401 429 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.1 3.3

Durable goods........................... 271 245 240 267 219 228 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.3 2.7 2.8

Nondurable goods....................... 210 236 188 194 183 201 4.5 4.9 3.9 4.0 3.7 4.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,354 1,277 1,277 1,303 1,236 1,247 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3

Wholesale trade......................... 171 171 165 164 158 164 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8

Retail trade............................... 867 790 782 794 756 751 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 315 316 330 345 322 333 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.7

Information.................................. 119 116 101 106 102 93 4.1 3.9 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.1

Financial activities......................... 218 210 223 233 234 204 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 137 145 148 158 148 127 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 80 65 76 75 86 77 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,310 1,263 1,258 1,192 1,137 1,123 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.0

Education and health services........... 826 914 862 878 840 816 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3

Educational services.................... 118 111 103 105 96 96 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 708 803 760 773 745 720 3.5 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,179 1,167 1,071 1,132 1,140 1,130 8.0 7.4 6.8 7.2 7.2 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 156 180 160 156 158 136 7.3 7.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 5.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,023 987 911 976 982 994 8.1 7.4 6.8 7.3 7.3 7.3

Other services.............................. 234 221 217 244 244 226 4.2 3.9 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.0

Government................................... 356 423 392 415 380 390 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7

Federal...................................... 46 43 45 38 43 42 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5

State and local............................. 310 380 348 377 337 348 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8

State and local education.............. 155 193 169 185 156 178 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 156 187 179 191 181 170 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 991 933 906 898 893 812 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0

South........................................... 2,677 2,700 2,612 2,618 2,547 2,464 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.3

Midwest........................................ 1,342 1,373 1,328 1,397 1,268 1,289 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.9

West............................................ 1,450 1,450 1,393 1,422 1,388 1,447 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total............................................... 5,852 6,009 5,794 6,058 5,665 5,683 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,442 5,619 5,450 5,692 5,270 5,309 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 18 21 19 21 20 20 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1

Construction................................ 339 325 355 338 343 326 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.2

Manufacturing.............................. 417 446 414 417 374 390 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.0

Durable goods........................... 224 239 226 231 203 205 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.5

Nondurable goods....................... 193 207 188 186 170 186 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,262 1,194 1,199 1,319 1,212 1,195 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.1

Wholesale trade......................... 162 161 153 152 136 144 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.4

Retail trade............................... 847 746 743 803 752 757 5.4 4.7 4.7 5.1 4.8 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 253 287 303 364 324 294 3.7 4.1 4.3 5.1 4.6 4.2

Information.................................. 101 95 90 99 93 73 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.4

Financial activities......................... 195 201 206 238 225 207 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 130 144 136 159 145 123 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 65 58 70 79 80 84 2.8 2.4 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,095 1,229 1,220 1,115 1,043 1,070 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.8

Education and health services........... 759 806 737 777 737 728 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.9

Educational services.................... 84 82 80 80 87 86 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 674 723 657 696 650 642 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,028 1,074 1,006 1,144 1,032 1,070 7.0 6.9 6.4 7.3 6.5 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 137 156 159 159 145 134 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.2 5.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 891 918 847 986 887 936 7.1 6.9 6.3 7.3 6.6 6.9

Other services.............................. 228 229 204 224 193 230 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.4 4.0

Government................................... 410 390 344 365 395 374 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.7

Federal...................................... 52 47 40 40 43 39 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

State and local............................. 358 343 304 325 352 336 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7

State and local education.............. 171 169 150 159 169 169 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 187 174 153 166 183 167 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 872 845 870 879 789 756 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.8

South........................................... 2,431 2,619 2,447 2,645 2,346 2,404 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.1 4.2

Midwest........................................ 1,227 1,230 1,208 1,168 1,270 1,224 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.7

West............................................ 1,322 1,315 1,268 1,366 1,259 1,300 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total............................................... 4,132 4,253 4,058 4,184 4,060 4,026 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,884 4,012 3,850 3,965 3,819 3,792 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9

Mining and logging......................... 11 16 13 14 14 13 1.9 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1

Construction................................ 189 181 210 208 158 189 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.0 2.4

Manufacturing.............................. 295 327 287 286 250 268 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.1

Durable goods........................... 154 173 161 159 135 141 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8

Nondurable goods....................... 141 154 127 127 115 127 3.0 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 964 933 869 940 908 904 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.1

Wholesale trade......................... 112 121 90 96 101 101 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7

Retail trade............................... 690 603 578 591 588 606 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 161 209 200 254 219 197 2.4 3.0 2.8 3.6 3.1 2.8

Information.................................. 59 62 44 56 57 28 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.8 1.9 0.9

Financial activities......................... 120 142 156 149 156 154 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Finance and insurance................. 73 101 109 96 95 99 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 46 41 47 53 60 54 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 720 763 776 671 707 655 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.1 2.9

Education and health services........... 582 609 534 580 558 567 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3

Educational services.................... 56 58 52 53 53 52 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 526 551 482 527 505 515 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 809 827 833 912 856 869 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.8 5.4 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 71 78 83 75 80 80 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4

Accommodation and food services. .. 738 749 750 837 776 789 5.9 5.6 5.6 6.2 5.7 5.8

Other services.............................. 136 151 127 150 155 144 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.5

Government................................... 248 241 208 219 241 234 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0

Federal...................................... 25 23 21 22 21 20 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

State and local............................. 223 218 187 196 220 214 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

State and local education.............. 104 110 97 99 107 107 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 119 108 90 97 113 108 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 585 543 581 588 539 514 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9

South........................................... 1,731 1,963 1,746 1,890 1,734 1,759 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.1

Midwest........................................ 870 829 831 800 899 855 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.6

West............................................ 946 918 900 907 888 899 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total............................................... 1,342 1,400 1,390 1,490 1,329 1,387 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,265 1,317 1,317 1,405 1,247 1,314 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Mining and logging......................... 5 4 5 5 5 6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

Construction................................ 138 135 134 120 173 134 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.2 1.7

Manufacturing.............................. 99 96 97 97 92 101 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Durable goods........................... 54 49 46 51 46 50 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Nondurable goods....................... 45 46 51 46 46 51 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 246 209 268 301 253 245 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 43 34 48 42 24 36 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.6

Retail trade............................... 130 117 139 174 149 124 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 72 58 81 85 80 86 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2

Information.................................. 31 27 34 38 31 39 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.3

Financial activities......................... 37 38 30 58 52 39 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 20 25 12 35 37 21 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 17 13 18 23 16 19 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8

Professional and business services. . . .. 311 379 364 370 293 360 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.6

Education and health services........... 129 152 158 148 161 137 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

Educational services.................... 22 19 23 23 30 28 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 107 133 135 124 131 109 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 192 209 162 205 157 176 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 62 76 75 81 63 52 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.5 2.7 2.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 130 133 87 124 94 124 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9

Other services.............................. 76 69 66 64 30 76 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.3

Government................................... 77 83 73 85 82 73 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

Federal...................................... 10 7 6 7 9 6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local............................. 67 76 68 78 73 66 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local education.............. 33 34 30 35 36 33 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 34 42 37 43 38 33 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 228 261 234 222 209 208 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

South........................................... 540 492 574 598 499 555 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0

Midwest........................................ 284 334 323 301 318 299 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

West............................................ 290 313 259 369 303 325 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

June

2022

July

2022

Aug.

2022

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total............................................... 379 356 346 383 276 270 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 293 290 283 322 204 203 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 1 1 2 1 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Construction................................ 12 10 11 11 12 3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 23 22 30 34 31 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 16 16 19 21 22 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 7 6 11 13 9 8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 53 52 62 78 51 45 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 7 5 15 14 11 7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 26 26 25 38 15 27 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 20 21 22 26 25 11 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2

Information.................................. 11 5 12 5 5 6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2

Financial activities......................... 39 21 20 31 17 14 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 37 18 15 28 13 3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 2 3 5 3 4 11 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 64 87 81 75 42 55 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2

Education and health services........... 48 45 45 49 19 24 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Educational services.................... 6 5 5 4 4 6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 42 40 40 45 14 17 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 26 38 11 28 18 24 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 4 2 1 3 2 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 23 36 10 25 17 23 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services.............................. 16 9 11 10 9 10 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Government................................... 85 66 62 61 72 67 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 18 17 13 11 13 12 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 68 49 50 50 59 55 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 34 25 23 25 26 29 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 34 24 26 26 33 26 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 59 41 55 69 41 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

South........................................... 160 163 127 157 113 90 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 73 67 54 67 53 70 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 86 84 110 89 69 76 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 11,596 10,700 10,752 7.2 6.5 6.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 10,684 9,674 9,863 7.8 6.9 7.0

Mining and logging............................................... 30 29 35 4.9 4.3 5.2

Construction....................................................... 402 409 377 5.0 4.9 4.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 933 835 759 7.0 6.1 5.5

Durable goods.................................................. 535 492 499 6.5 5.8 5.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 397 343 259 7.8 6.6 5.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 2,196 1,728 1,840 7.2 5.7 6.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 354 239 298 5.8 3.9 4.8

Retail trade..................................................... 1,234 943 1,049 7.3 5.7 6.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 609 546 493 8.2 7.2 6.5

Information........................................................ 185 230 235 6.0 7.0 7.1

Financial activities................................................ 477 463 570 5.1 4.9 6.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 366 277 387 5.3 4.0 5.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 111 186 183 4.6 7.2 7.2

Professional and business services............................ 2,158 1,995 1,867 9.0 8.2 7.6

Education and health services.................................. 2,209 2,206 2,276 8.4 8.2 8.4

Educational services.......................................... 206 180 182 5.1 4.5 4.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 2,003 2,026 2,094 9.0 8.9 9.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,611 1,539 1,574 9.8 8.8 9.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 176 185 204 7.7 7.2 8.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,436 1,354 1,370 10.2 9.1 9.2

Other services.................................................... 482 240 331 8.0 4.0 5.4

Government.......................................................... 912 1,026 890 3.9 4.4 3.8

Federal............................................................. 118 171 110 3.9 5.6 3.7

State and local.................................................... 794 855 780 3.9 4.2 3.8

State and local education..................................... 303 275 310 2.8 2.6 2.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 491 581 470 5.2 6.0 4.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,860 1,629 1,717 6.6 5.7 5.9

South................................................................. 4,404 4,273 4,149 7.3 7.0 6.7

Midwest............................................................... 2,675 2,381 2,282 7.6 6.7 6.4

West.................................................................. 2,657 2,416 2,604 7.1 6.3 6.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 6,948 6,164 6,354 4.7 4.0 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,605 5,697 5,986 5.2 4.4 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 22 23 20 3.7 3.6 3.2

Construction....................................................... 383 349 341 5.0 4.4 4.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 487 404 432 3.9 3.1 3.3

Durable goods.................................................. 273 217 226 3.5 2.7 2.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 214 187 206 4.5 3.8 4.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,650 1,226 1,514 5.9 4.3 5.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 187 161 177 3.3 2.7 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 1,010 723 859 6.5 4.6 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 452 342 479 6.7 4.9 6.7

Information........................................................ 145 109 111 5.0 3.6 3.6

Financial activities................................................ 242 236 226 2.7 2.6 2.5

Finance and insurance........................................ 155 149 141 2.4 2.3 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 87 87 85 3.7 3.7 3.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,408 1,084 1,160 6.4 4.8 5.1

Education and health services.................................. 913 907 879 3.8 3.7 3.5

Educational services.......................................... 121 134 96 3.2 3.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 792 773 783 3.9 3.7 3.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,123 1,118 1,077 7.6 7.0 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 137 129 109 6.5 5.4 4.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 985 988 969 7.8 7.3 7.1

Other services.................................................... 233 241 225 4.2 4.2 3.9

Government.......................................................... 344 466 368 1.5 2.1 1.6

Federal............................................................. 49 47 46 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local.................................................... 294 420 322 1.5 2.1 1.6

State and local education..................................... 153 252 173 1.4 2.4 1.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 141 167 150 1.6 1.8 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,041 942 827 3.9 3.5 3.0

South................................................................. 2,905 2,541 2,626 5.2 4.4 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,397 1,264 1,314 4.3 3.8 3.9

West.................................................................. 1,604 1,416 1,588 4.6 4.0 4.4

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 5,915 5,981 5,671 4.0 3.9 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,552 5,529 5,343 4.4 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging............................................... 20 19 22 3.4 3.0 3.4

Construction....................................................... 376 351 357 4.9 4.5 4.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 428 385 387 3.4 3.0 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 229 209 198 2.9 2.6 2.5

Nondurable goods............................................. 200 176 189 4.2 3.6 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,265 1,227 1,197 4.5 4.3 4.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 172 140 154 3.0 2.4 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 841 763 748 5.4 4.9 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 253 323 295 3.7 4.6 4.2

Information........................................................ 99 91 75 3.4 3.0 2.5

Financial activities................................................ 188 221 200 2.1 2.5 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 120 138 108 1.8 2.1 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 68 83 93 3.0 3.5 3.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,092 1,049 1,026 5.0 4.7 4.5

Education and health services.................................. 754 744 717 3.1 3.0 2.9

Educational services.......................................... 65 83 65 1.7 2.1 1.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 689 661 651 3.4 3.2 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,118 1,206 1,149 7.5 7.5 7.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 194 225 176 9.2 9.4 7.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 924 982 973 7.3 7.2 7.2

Other services.................................................... 211 235 213 3.8 4.1 3.7

Government.......................................................... 363 452 328 1.6 2.0 1.4

Federal............................................................. 55 42 37 1.9 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................................... 308 411 291 1.6 2.1 1.5

State and local education..................................... 125 158 126 1.2 1.5 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 183 252 165 2.0 2.8 1.8

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 907 915 765 3.4 3.4 2.8

South................................................................. 2,421 2,377 2,340 4.3 4.2 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,252 1,367 1,264 3.9 4.1 3.8

West.................................................................. 1,335 1,322 1,302 3.8 3.7 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 4,220 4,285 4,045 2.8 2.8 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,000 4,026 3,840 3.2 3.1 2.9

Mining and logging............................................... 12 14 15 2.1 2.3 2.3

Construction....................................................... 207 178 201 2.7 2.3 2.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 303 263 263 2.4 2.0 2.0

Durable goods.................................................. 156 145 133 2.0 1.8 1.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 147 118 131 3.1 2.4 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 993 940 925 3.5 3.3 3.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 120 106 109 2.1 1.8 1.8

Retail trade..................................................... 706 606 622 4.5 3.9 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 167 228 194 2.5 3.2 2.7

Information........................................................ 60 58 30 2.1 1.9 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 123 148 155 1.4 1.7 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 72 87 92 1.1 1.3 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 51 61 64 2.2 2.6 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 748 736 653 3.4 3.3 2.9

Education and health services.................................. 604 565 586 2.5 2.3 2.3

Educational services.......................................... 48 52 43 1.3 1.3 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 556 514 543 2.8 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 814 943 873 5.5 5.9 5.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 73 104 83 3.5 4.4 3.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 742 839 791 5.8 6.2 5.8

Other services.................................................... 133 180 139 2.4 3.1 2.4

Government.......................................................... 220 259 204 1.0 1.2 0.9

Federal............................................................. 27 21 17 0.9 0.7 0.6

State and local.................................................... 193 238 187 1.0 1.2 0.9

State and local education..................................... 83 106 85 0.8 1.0 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 111 132 102 1.2 1.5 1.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 601 594 520 2.3 2.2 1.9

South................................................................. 1,757 1,754 1,731 3.2 3.1 3.0

Midwest............................................................... 901 974 890 2.8 2.9 2.7

West.................................................................. 961 962 903 2.8 2.7 2.5

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 1,349 1,426 1,378 0.9 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,273 1,298 1,309 1.0 1.0 1.0

Mining and logging............................................... 6 4 7 1.0 0.7 1.1

Construction....................................................... 156 160 153 2.0 2.0 1.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 105 94 105 0.8 0.7 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 58 45 52 0.7 0.6 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 47 49 52 1.0 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 222 233 231 0.8 0.8 0.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 44 24 38 0.8 0.4 0.6

Retail trade..................................................... 114 143 104 0.7 0.9 0.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 64 66 89 0.9 0.9 1.3

Information........................................................ 29 27 41 1.0 0.9 1.3

Financial activities................................................ 31 56 31 0.4 0.6 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 15 39 13 0.2 0.6 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 16 17 18 0.7 0.7 0.8

Professional and business services............................ 275 274 320 1.3 1.2 1.4

Education and health services.................................. 111 161 111 0.5 0.7 0.4

Educational services.......................................... 13 28 17 0.3 0.7 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 98 134 94 0.5 0.6 0.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 276 246 249 1.9 1.5 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 117 119 92 5.5 5.0 4.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 159 127 157 1.3 0.9 1.2

Other services.................................................... 62 42 62 1.1 0.7 1.1

Government.......................................................... 76 128 69 0.3 0.6 0.3

Federal............................................................. 11 9 7 0.4 0.3 0.2

State and local.................................................... 65 119 62 0.3 0.6 0.3

State and local education..................................... 22 31 21 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 43 88 40 0.5 1.0 0.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 252 278 217 1.0 1.0 0.8

South................................................................. 514 512 524 0.9 0.9 0.9

Midwest............................................................... 288 337 308 0.9 1.0 0.9

West.................................................................. 295 299 328 0.8 0.8 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Oct.

2021

Sept.

2022

Oct.

2022p

Total..................................................................... 347 270 248 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 279 205 193 0.2 0.2 0.1

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 0 0.3 0.1 0.1

Construction....................................................... 12 13 3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 20 29 19 0.2 0.2 0.1

Durable goods.................................................. 15 19 13 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 5 10 6 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 50 53 41 0.2 0.2 0.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 8 10 7 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 21 14 22 0.1 0.1 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 22 29 12 0.3 0.4 0.2

Information........................................................ 10 5 4 0.3 0.2 0.1

Financial activities................................................ 34 17 14 0.4 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 33 12 3 0.5 0.2 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 1 5 11 0.0 0.2 0.5

Professional and business services............................ 69 40 54 0.3 0.2 0.2

Education and health services.................................. 39 17 19 0.2 0.1 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 4 3 5 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 35 14 14 0.2 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 28 18 27 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 4 2 1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 24 16 25 0.2 0.1 0.2

Other services.................................................... 16 13 12 0.3 0.2 0.2

Government.......................................................... 67 66 55 0.3 0.3 0.2

Federal............................................................. 18 12 12 0.6 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 50 54 43 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 21 21 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 29 32 23 0.3 0.4 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 53 43 28 0.2 0.2 0.1

South................................................................. 151 111 83 0.3 0.2 0.1

Midwest............................................................... 64 55 66 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 79 62 70 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.