For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 6, 2018 USDL-18-1785 

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2018 

The number of job openings decreased to 7.0 million on the last business day of September, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were both little 

changed at 5.7 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.4 percent and the layoffs 

and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and 

rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic 

regions. 

 Job Openings 

On the last business day of September, the job openings level fell to 7.0 million (-284,000), after 

reaching a revised series high of 7.3 million in August. The job openings rate was 4.5 percent in 

September. The number of job openings edged down for total private (-188,000) and fell in government 

(-96,000). Job openings increased in health care and social assistance (+71,000). The number of job 

openings decreased in many industries, with the largest decreases in professional and business services 

(-118,000), finance and insurance (-82,000), and state and local government, excluding education 

(-67,000). Job openings decreased in the South region. (See table 1.) 

Hires 

The number of hires in September was little changed at 5.7 million, after reaching a revised series high 

of 5.9 million in August. The hires rate was 3.8 percent in September. The number of hires was little 

changed for total private and for government. Hires were little changed in all industries. Hires decreased 

in the West region. (See table 2.) 

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.0

Sep‐15 Mar‐16 Sep‐16 Mar‐17 Sep‐17 Mar‐18 Sep‐18

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,

September 2015 - September 2018

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

Sep‐15 Mar‐16 Sep‐16 Mar‐17 Sep‐17 Mar‐18 Sep‐18

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted,

September 2015 - September 2018
- 2 - 

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm. 

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.7 million in September. The total separations 

rate was 3.8 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and edged down 

for government (-28,000). Total separations decreased in state and local government education 

(-21,000). The number of total separations decreased in the West region. (See table 3.) 

The number of quits was little changed in September at 3.6 million. The quits rate was 2.4 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in educational 

services (+15,000), but decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-20,000) and state and 

local government education (-10,000). The number of quits decreased in the West region. (See table 4.) 

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in September at 1.7 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 

private and edged down for government (-19,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little 

changed in all industries and regions. (See table 5.) 

The number of other separations was little changed in September at 365,000. The other separations 

level was little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in professional 

and business services (+22,000), but decreased in state and local government education (-7,000). The 

number of other separations increased in the Midwest region. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in September, hires totaled 67.5 million 

and separations totaled 65.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals 

include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year. 

 

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for October 2018 are scheduled to be 

released on Monday, December 10, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EST). 
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,229 7,293 7,009 5,375 5,906 5,744 5,346 5,779 5,667

Total private....................................... 5,726 6,595 6,407 5,033 5,551 5,393 5,002 5,422 5,338

Mining and logging1............................ 25 36 32 27 43 45 22 35 32

Construction1................................... 179 317 278 387 366 374 375 334 351

Manufacturing.................................. 445 508 484 330 368 326 317 343 314

Durable goods1.............................. 271 304 302 190 205 187 181 188 176

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 174 204 182 140 163 139 136 154 138

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,158 1,267 1,294 1,040 1,218 1,159 991 1,206 1,160

Wholesale trade1............................ 202 221 237 134 164 142 119 151 137

Retail trade................................... 688 760 756 691 818 795 682 837 825

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 267 287 300 214 236 222 190 218 198

Information1

..................................... 115 149 117 82 77 81 99 83 82

Financial activities.............................. 387 450 356 191 221 219 185 231 205

Finance and insurance..................... 318 354 272 123 141 140 118 143 138

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 69 96 84 68 80 79 67 88 67

Professional and business services......... 1,222 1,374 1,256 1,161 1,253 1,195 1,154 1,194 1,171

Education and health services............... 1,124 1,275 1,300 635 715 726 607 665 691

Educational services1

....................... 87 123 76 90 92 96 78 88 94

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,037 1,152 1,223 544 623 631 528 577 598

Leisure and hospitality........................ 786 996 1,048 993 1,059 1,073 1,039 1,072 1,102

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 90 94 87 154 173 163 169 177 164

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 695 901 961 839 886 910 870 895 938

Other services1

................................. 286 223 243 188 231 196 212 260 229

Government....................................... 503 698 602 341 355 351 344 357 329

Federal1

......................................... 68 108 79 30 32 34 41 33 32

State and local................................. 435 591 523 312 322 316 304 324 297

State and local education.................. 163 206 205 145 173 174 134 172 151

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 273 384 317 167 149 142 170 152 146

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.1 4.7 4.5 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.8

Total private....................................... 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.5 4.6 4.0 3.9 5.7 5.9 3.2 4.6 4.3

Construction1

................................... 2.5 4.2 3.7 5.6 5.0 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing.................................. 3.4 3.8 3.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.5

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.4 3.7 3.7 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.0 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.0 4.4 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.2 3.6 4.3 4.2

Wholesale trade1

............................ 3.3 3.5 3.8 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.5 2.3

Retail trade................................... 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.3 5.3 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 4.4 4.6 4.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.3

Information1

..................................... 4.0 5.1 4.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.6 3.0 3.0

Financial activities.............................. 4.4 5.0 4.0 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4

Finance and insurance..................... 4.8 5.3 4.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.0 4.1 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.9 3.0

Professional and business services......... 5.6 6.1 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5

Education and health services............... 4.6 5.1 5.2 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.8 2.9

Educational services1

....................... 2.3 3.2 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.0 5.5 5.8 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.7 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.7 3.9 3.6 6.6 7.4 6.9 7.3 7.5 7.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.8 6.0 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.7

Other services1

................................. 4.7 3.7 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.7 4.4 3.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Government....................................... 2.2 3.0 2.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.4 3.7 2.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2

State and local................................. 2.2 2.9 2.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 2.9 4.0 3.4 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, and federal government data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf. 

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations. 

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2017 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working. 

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods. 

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly. 

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month. 
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total............................................... 6,229 6,659 6,822 7,077 7,293 7,009 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,726 6,052 6,183 6,384 6,595 6,407 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8

Mining and logging3....................... 25 34 27 33 36 32 3.5 4.5 3.5 4.3 4.6 4.0

Construction3

............................... 179 253 267 275 317 278 2.5 3.4 3.6 3.7 4.2 3.7

Manufacturing.............................. 445 474 475 496 508 484 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7

Durable goods3

.......................... 271 296 293 289 304 302 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7

Nondurable goods3

...................... 174 178 182 207 204 182 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.1 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,158 1,308 1,348 1,333 1,267 1,294 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4

Wholesale trade3

........................ 202 183 222 261 221 237 3.3 3.0 3.6 4.2 3.5 3.8

Retail trade............................... 688 793 842 773 760 756 4.2 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 267 332 285 300 287 300 4.4 5.4 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.8

Information3................................. 115 132 136 146 149 117 4.0 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.1

Financial activities......................... 387 350 352 396 450 356 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.4 5.0 4.0

Finance and insurance................. 318 262 244 309 354 272 4.8 4.0 3.7 4.6 5.3 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 69 88 108 88 96 84 3.0 3.8 4.6 3.8 4.1 3.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,222 1,159 1,155 1,244 1,374 1,256 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.6 6.1 5.6

Education and health services........... 1,124 1,248 1,295 1,247 1,275 1,300 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.2

Educational services3

................... 87 112 147 120 123 76 2.3 2.9 3.8 3.1 3.2 2.0

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,037 1,136 1,148 1,127 1,152 1,223 5.0 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 786 877 931 993 996 1,048 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.7 5.7 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 90 88 86 93 94 87 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 695 789 845 900 901 961 4.8 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.4

Other services3

............................. 286 218 198 220 223 243 4.7 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.7 4.0

Government................................... 503 607 639 693 698 602 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.6

Federal3

..................................... 68 97 115 96 108 79 2.4 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.7 2.8

State and local............................. 435 510 524 597 591 523 2.2 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.6

State and local education.............. 163 173 194 213 206 205 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 273 337 330 383 384 317 2.9 3.6 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,058 1,104 1,174 1,201 1,177 1,228 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3

South........................................... 2,193 2,414 2,429 2,565 2,765 2,516 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,600 1,667 1,672 1,707 1,707 1,639 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7

West............................................ 1,378 1,474 1,547 1,604 1,644 1,625 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,375 5,747 5,677 5,713 5,906 5,744 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,033 5,404 5,328 5,366 5,551 5,393 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 27 42 41 38 43 45 3.9 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.9

Construction................................ 387 386 360 373 366 374 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 330 356 360 392 368 326 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.6

Durable goods........................... 190 208 207 231 205 187 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 140 149 153 161 163 139 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,040 1,099 1,120 1,142 1,218 1,159 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 134 130 135 134 164 142 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.4

Retail trade............................... 691 738 755 790 818 795 4.4 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 214 231 230 218 236 222 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.8

Information.................................. 82 89 78 76 77 81 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9

Financial activities......................... 191 202 247 215 221 219 2.3 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 123 129 169 136 141 140 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 68 73 79 79 80 79 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,161 1,190 1,160 1,180 1,253 1,195 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.7

Education and health services........... 635 723 712 701 715 726 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1

Educational services.................... 90 102 91 104 92 96 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 544 621 620 598 623 631 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 993 1,081 1,047 1,065 1,059 1,073 6.2 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 154 181 166 146 173 163 6.6 7.7 7.1 6.2 7.4 6.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 839 900 881 918 886 910 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.5

Other services.............................. 188 236 202 184 231 196 3.3 4.0 3.4 3.1 3.9 3.3

Government................................... 341 343 349 347 355 351 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Federal...................................... 30 29 30 33 32 34 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

State and local............................. 312 314 320 314 322 316 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education.............. 145 147 165 157 173 174 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 167 167 155 157 149 142 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 819 854 898 936 880 801 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.9

South........................................... 2,153 2,304 2,286 2,305 2,400 2,407 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,186 1,336 1,245 1,271 1,296 1,343 3.6 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1

West............................................ 1,216 1,252 1,249 1,201 1,330 1,193 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total............................................... 5,346 5,419 5,514 5,596 5,779 5,667 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,002 5,093 5,172 5,242 5,422 5,338 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging......................... 22 35 34 33 35 32 3.2 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.3

Construction................................ 375 340 350 337 334 351 5.4 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing.............................. 317 342 337 358 343 314 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.5

Durable goods........................... 181 193 180 195 188 176 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods....................... 136 149 156 162 154 138 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 991 1,073 1,116 1,130 1,206 1,160 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 119 119 131 125 151 137 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3

Retail trade............................... 682 726 778 806 837 825 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 190 228 207 200 218 198 3.3 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.3

Information.................................. 99 92 81 79 83 82 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0

Financial activities......................... 185 191 234 225 231 205 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4

Finance and insurance................. 118 120 154 145 143 138 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 67 71 79 80 88 67 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,154 1,143 1,132 1,118 1,194 1,171 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.7 5.5

Education and health services........... 607 652 665 664 665 691 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9

Educational services.................... 78 95 71 97 88 94 2.1 2.6 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 528 557 594 566 577 598 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,039 1,038 1,018 1,058 1,072 1,102 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 169 166 173 138 177 164 7.3 7.1 7.4 5.9 7.5 7.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 870 872 845 920 895 938 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.6 6.4 6.7

Other services.............................. 212 188 207 240 260 229 3.7 3.2 3.5 4.1 4.4 3.9

Government................................... 344 326 341 354 357 329 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 41 31 32 34 33 32 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

State and local............................. 304 295 309 320 324 297 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

State and local education.............. 134 144 153 160 172 151 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 170 150 156 160 152 146 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 869 795 857 773 856 812 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.9

South........................................... 2,078 2,173 2,189 2,311 2,356 2,430 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5

Midwest........................................ 1,174 1,237 1,236 1,257 1,257 1,272 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8

West............................................ 1,224 1,214 1,232 1,256 1,310 1,153 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total............................................... 3,256 3,480 3,477 3,608 3,648 3,601 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,080 3,287 3,285 3,422 3,480 3,436 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7

Mining and logging......................... 15 23 21 21 21 20 2.2 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7

Construction................................ 153 162 164 178 165 170 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 191 197 206 217 212 198 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

Durable goods........................... 109 111 113 120 119 105 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3

Nondurable goods....................... 82 86 93 96 93 93 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 634 737 751 730 759 730 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6

Wholesale trade......................... 86 86 79 78 108 87 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5

Retail trade............................... 447 512 550 535 529 540 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 101 138 122 117 122 102 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.7

Information.................................. 51 56 51 49 49 44 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6

Financial activities......................... 114 110 129 141 155 125 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 80 66 78 77 89 74 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 34 44 52 64 66 51 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 713 692 723 709 696 693 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3

Education and health services........... 407 468 440 449 469 483 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0

Educational services.................... 45 50 34 45 35 50 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 361 417 407 404 434 434 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 665 714 705 765 777 797 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 52 71 77 76 84 88 2.2 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 613 643 629 689 693 709 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.1

Other services3

............................. 137 129 95 163 177 176 2.4 2.2 1.6 2.8 3.0 3.0

Government................................... 176 193 192 187 168 165 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7

Federal...................................... 16 15 14 14 13 14 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 160 178 178 172 155 151 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 73 93 92 91 85 75 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 87 85 86 82 70 76 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 437 471 460 442 448 455 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

South........................................... 1,307 1,457 1,432 1,504 1,500 1,562 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9

Midwest........................................ 745 775 819 824 856 830 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5

West............................................ 766 777 766 838 845 754 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.2

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total............................................... 1,764 1,618 1,652 1,622 1,790 1,700 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,658 1,538 1,568 1,520 1,666 1,594 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging3....................... 5 10 11 11 13 10 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4

Construction................................ 209 159 176 151 159 171 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 105 124 111 120 112 95 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7

Durable goods........................... 58 69 55 60 60 60 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 46 55 56 60 52 35 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 277 262 290 329 384 374 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3

Wholesale trade3

........................ 30 21 37 34 38 40 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

Retail trade............................... 176 163 184 230 264 245 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 71 79 70 66 82 88 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5

Information.................................. 37 25 22 24 27 33 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2

Financial activities......................... 45 72 68 57 55 56 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance................. 19 46 44 43 40 41 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 26 26 23 15 15 15 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 411 383 341 326 443 401 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.9

Education and health services........... 154 146 172 167 141 151 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Educational services.................... 31 38 29 42 45 36 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.9

Health care and social assistance. . .. 123 108 143 125 96 116 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 347 304 283 263 265 263 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 112 91 94 60 87 68 4.8 3.9 4.0 2.6 3.7 2.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 235 213 189 202 177 194 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Other services.............................. 70 51 94 72 67 41 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7

Government................................... 105 80 84 102 125 106 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal...................................... 13 7 6 7 7 6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local............................. 92 73 78 95 118 100 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local education.............. 35 33 34 44 60 57 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 57 40 44 51 57 43 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 379 267 316 277 322 287 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0

South........................................... 657 610 632 685 731 736 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

Midwest........................................ 349 392 334 347 348 366 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

West............................................ 378 349 369 314 389 311 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total............................................... 327 321 384 365 341 365 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 264 268 319 300 277 307 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 2 2 1 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2

Construction3

............................... 13 19 10 8 10 9 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 22 21 20 22 19 21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 13 13 15 9 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods3

...................... 8 8 7 7 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 80 74 75 71 64 57 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 4 12 15 14 6 9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade............................... 59 51 44 41 44 40 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 18 11 15 17 14 8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1

Information3................................. 12 10 8 5 7 6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Financial activities......................... 26 9 37 27 21 25 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance................. 20 8 33 25 14 23 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 6 1 4 1 7 2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 29 67 69 84 54 76 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 46 39 52 48 54 57 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services3

................... 2 6 8 10 8 8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 44 32 44 38 47 48 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 28 19 29 30 31 43 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 5 4 3 1 5 8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Accommodation and food services3... 23 15 27 28 25 35 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 6 8 18 5 16 12 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2

Government................................... 63 52 65 65 64 58 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 8 12 13 13 12 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local............................. 52 44 53 53 51 46 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education.............. 26 19 27 25 26 19 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 26 25 26 27 25 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 53 57 80 54 86 70 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

South........................................... 114 106 124 122 125 132 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 79 70 83 86 53 76 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 80 88 97 103 77 87 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 6,263 7,412 7,070 4.1 4.7 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,760 6,689 6,466 4.4 5.0 4.8

Mining and logging............................................... 25 36 32 3.5 4.5 4.0

Construction....................................................... 179 317 278 2.4 4.0 3.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 445 508 484 3.4 3.8 3.6

Durable goods.................................................. 271 304 302 3.4 3.7 3.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 174 204 182 3.5 4.1 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,272 1,309 1,401 4.4 4.5 4.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 202 221 237 3.3 3.5 3.8

Retail trade..................................................... 803 802 863 4.9 4.8 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 267 287 300 4.4 4.7 4.8

Information........................................................ 115 149 117 4.0 5.1 4.1

Financial activities................................................ 387 446 350 4.4 4.9 3.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 318 350 266 4.8 5.2 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 69 96 84 3.0 4.0 3.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,235 1,401 1,276 5.7 6.2 5.7

Education and health services.................................. 1,092 1,258 1,273 4.5 5.1 5.1

Educational services.......................................... 87 123 76 2.3 3.4 2.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,006 1,135 1,196 4.9 5.4 5.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 723 1,043 1,013 4.3 5.8 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 73 102 72 3.0 3.7 2.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 650 941 941 4.5 6.1 6.3

Other services.................................................... 286 223 243 4.7 3.6 4.0

Government.......................................................... 503 723 604 2.2 3.3 2.6

Federal............................................................. 68 108 79 2.4 3.7 2.8

State and local.................................................... 435 615 525 2.2 3.2 2.6

State and local education..................................... 162 231 208 1.5 2.4 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 273 384 317 2.9 3.9 3.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,083 1,224 1,278 3.8 4.3 4.4

South................................................................. 2,171 2,751 2,484 3.9 4.8 4.3

Midwest............................................................... 1,639 1,753 1,674 4.8 5.0 4.8

West.................................................................. 1,368 1,683 1,635 3.9 4.7 4.5

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,451 6,610 5,853 3.7 4.4 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,033 5,937 5,395 4.0 4.6 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 25 47 42 3.6 6.2 5.5

Construction....................................................... 361 370 355 5.0 4.9 4.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 343 406 334 2.7 3.2 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 194 218 188 2.5 2.7 2.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 149 187 145 3.1 3.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,046 1,267 1,160 3.8 4.6 4.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 135 167 144 2.3 2.8 2.4

Retail trade..................................................... 676 864 782 4.3 5.4 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 235 236 235 4.1 4.0 4.0

Information........................................................ 79 77 78 2.9 2.7 2.8

Financial activities................................................ 177 226 202 2.1 2.6 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 115 145 129 1.8 2.3 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 61 82 73 2.8 3.5 3.2

Professional and business services............................ 1,134 1,288 1,174 5.5 6.1 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 713 911 820 3.1 3.9 3.5

Educational services.......................................... 153 180 160 4.2 5.2 4.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 560 731 660 2.9 3.7 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 968 1,127 1,045 6.0 6.6 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 132 143 135 5.6 5.4 5.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 835 984 910 6.0 6.8 6.4

Other services.................................................... 186 219 184 3.2 3.7 3.1

Government.......................................................... 418 674 458 1.9 3.1 2.0

Federal............................................................. 27 34 34 0.9 1.2 1.2

State and local.................................................... 391 640 424 2.0 3.4 2.2

State and local education..................................... 241 492 300 2.3 5.3 2.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 150 148 124 1.6 1.6 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 906 939 884 3.3 3.4 3.2

South................................................................. 2,117 2,745 2,409 3.9 5.0 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,169 1,466 1,349 3.6 4.4 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,259 1,461 1,211 3.7 4.2 3.5

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 5,767 6,870 6,023 3.9 4.6 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,359 6,334 5,648 4.3 4.9 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 25 39 35 3.5 5.1 4.6

Construction....................................................... 381 391 363 5.3 5.2 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 345 436 332 2.8 3.4 2.6

Durable goods.................................................. 194 242 185 2.5 3.0 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 151 194 148 3.2 4.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 965 1,340 1,126 3.5 4.8 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 120 177 138 2.0 2.9 2.3

Retail trade..................................................... 671 927 808 4.3 5.8 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 174 236 180 3.0 4.0 3.0

Information........................................................ 101 92 85 3.6 3.3 3.1

Financial activities................................................ 180 278 198 2.1 3.2 2.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 116 188 132 1.8 3.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 65 90 66 2.9 3.9 2.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,162 1,312 1,193 5.6 6.2 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 626 797 718 2.7 3.4 3.0

Educational services.......................................... 83 133 99 2.3 3.9 2.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 542 664 619 2.8 3.3 3.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,341 1,353 1,359 8.3 7.9 8.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 327 277 279 13.8 10.5 11.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,013 1,076 1,080 7.3 7.5 7.6

Other services.................................................... 234 295 240 4.0 5.0 4.1

Government.......................................................... 408 536 374 1.8 2.5 1.7

Federal............................................................. 42 38 35 1.5 1.4 1.3

State and local.................................................... 366 498 339 1.9 2.7 1.7

State and local education..................................... 115 246 127 1.1 2.7 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 251 252 212 2.8 2.7 2.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,060 1,064 955 3.9 3.9 3.5

South................................................................. 2,148 2,744 2,507 4.0 5.0 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,245 1,541 1,365 3.8 4.7 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,314 1,521 1,195 3.9 4.4 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 3,447 4,473 3,824 2.3 3.0 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,264 4,220 3,653 2.6 3.3 2.9

Mining and logging............................................... 18 25 23 2.5 3.3 3.0

Construction....................................................... 159 221 179 2.2 2.9 2.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 203 290 207 1.6 2.3 1.6

Durable goods.................................................. 118 158 111 1.5 2.0 1.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 85 132 96 1.8 2.7 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 662 912 760 2.4 3.3 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 87 133 89 1.5 2.2 1.5

Retail trade..................................................... 470 637 568 3.0 4.0 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 105 142 102 1.8 2.4 1.7

Information........................................................ 55 60 46 2.0 2.2 1.7

Financial activities................................................ 114 184 125 1.3 2.1 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 80 118 74 1.3 1.9 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 34 66 51 1.5 2.9 2.2

Professional and business services............................ 730 800 704 3.5 3.8 3.3

Education and health services.................................. 429 560 515 1.8 2.4 2.2

Educational services.......................................... 55 57 61 1.5 1.6 1.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 374 503 453 1.9 2.5 2.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 758 990 919 4.7 5.8 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 71 152 126 3.0 5.8 5.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 686 838 793 5.0 5.8 5.6

Other services.................................................... 137 177 176 2.4 3.0 3.0

Government.......................................................... 183 253 171 0.8 1.2 0.8

Federal............................................................. 17 18 15 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local.................................................... 167 235 156 0.9 1.3 0.8

State and local education..................................... 68 135 66 0.7 1.5 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 99 100 90 1.1 1.1 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 504 559 520 1.9 2.0 1.9

South................................................................. 1,344 1,804 1,614 2.5 3.3 3.0

Midwest............................................................... 797 1,102 911 2.5 3.3 2.8

West.................................................................. 802 1,009 778 2.4 2.9 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 2,003 2,041 1,843 1.4 1.4 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,839 1,826 1,696 1.5 1.4 1.3

Mining and logging............................................... 5 13 10 0.8 1.7 1.3

Construction....................................................... 209 160 174 2.9 2.1 2.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 122 128 106 1.0 1.0 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 63 75 65 0.8 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods............................................. 59 53 42 1.2 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 224 359 312 0.8 1.3 1.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 30 38 40 0.5 0.6 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 143 241 203 0.9 1.5 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 51 80 69 0.9 1.4 1.2

Information........................................................ 34 25 33 1.2 0.9 1.2

Financial activities................................................ 41 69 50 0.5 0.8 0.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 17 52 37 0.3 0.8 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 24 17 13 1.1 0.7 0.6

Professional and business services............................ 405 455 413 2.0 2.1 1.9

Education and health services.................................. 151 183 147 0.7 0.8 0.6

Educational services.......................................... 26 69 29 0.7 2.0 0.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 125 114 118 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 556 333 398 3.4 1.9 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 251 119 146 10.6 4.5 6.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 305 213 252 2.2 1.5 1.8

Other services.................................................... 91 102 52 1.6 1.7 0.9

Government.......................................................... 165 215 147 0.7 1.0 0.7

Federal............................................................. 13 8 7 0.5 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 152 207 140 0.8 1.1 0.7

State and local education..................................... 26 82 46 0.3 0.9 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 125 125 94 1.4 1.3 1.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 497 419 362 1.8 1.5 1.3

South................................................................. 701 807 770 1.3 1.5 1.4

Midwest............................................................... 373 379 378 1.1 1.1 1.1

West.................................................................. 432 436 332 1.3 1.3 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through

March 2018.
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018p

Total..................................................................... 317 356 356 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 257 288 300 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 2 1 1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Construction....................................................... 13 10 9 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 20 18 19 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 13 8 9 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 8 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 79 69 53 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 4 6 8 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 57 48 37 0.4 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 18 14 8 0.3 0.2 0.1

Information........................................................ 12 7 6 0.4 0.2 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 25 24 23 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 18 18 21 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 6 7 2 0.3 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services............................ 27 58 76 0.1 0.3 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 46 54 57 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 2 8 8 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 44 47 48 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 28 31 43 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 5 5 8 0.2 0.2 0.3

Accommodation and food services.......................... 23 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 6 16 12 0.1 0.3 0.2

Government.......................................................... 60 68 56 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 12 12 13 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 48 56 43 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education..................................... 21 30 15 0.2 0.3 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 26 26 29 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 59 85 74 0.2 0.3 0.3

South................................................................. 103 134 123 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 75 61 75 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 80 76 84 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.