Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-0300 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 10, 2017

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2017 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 235,000 in February, and the unemployment rate

was little changed at 4.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains 

occurred in construction, private educational services, manufacturing, health care, and mining. 

Household Survey Data

The number of unemployed persons, at 7.5 million, changed little in February. The unemployment rate, 

at 4.7 percent, was little changed over the month but was down from 4.9 percent a year earlier. (See 

table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate decreased for Whites to 4.1 percent in 

February, while the jobless rates for adult men (4.3 percent), adult women (4.3 percent), teenagers (15.0 

percent), Blacks (8.1 percent), Asians (3.4 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent) showed little or no 

change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted,

February 2015 – February 2017

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17

Percent Thousands

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2015 – February 2017
-2- 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 1.8 million in February and accounted for 23.8 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number 

of long-term unemployed was down by 358,000. (See table A-12.) 

In February, the labor force participation rate, at 63.0 percent, and the employment-population ratio,

at 60.0 percent, showed little change. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.7 million in February. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut 

back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In February, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 522,000 discouraged workers in February, little changed 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in February had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 235,000 in February. Job gains occurred in 

construction, private educational services, manufacturing, health care, and mining. (See table B-1.) 

In February, construction employment increased by 58,000, with gains in specialty trade contractors 

(+36,000) and in heavy and civil engineering construction (+15,000). Construction has added 177,000 

jobs over the past 6 months. 

Employment in private educational services rose by 29,000 in February, following little change in the 

prior month (-5,000). Over the year, employment in the industry has grown by 105,000. 

Manufacturing added 28,000 jobs in February. Employment rose in food manufacturing (+9,000) and 

machinery (+7,000) but fell in transportation equipment (-6,000). Over the past 3 months, manufacturing 

has added 57,000 jobs. 

Health care employment rose by 27,000 in February, with a job gain in ambulatory health care services 

(+18,000). Over the year, health care has added an average of 30,000 jobs per month. 

Employment in mining increased by 8,000 in February, with most of the gain occurring in support 

activities for mining (+6,000). Mining employment has risen by 20,000 since reaching a recent low in 

October 2016. 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in February (+37,000). The 

industry has added 597,000 jobs over the year. 
-3- 

Retail trade employment edged down in February (-26,000), following a gain of 40,000 in the prior 

month. Over the month, job losses occurred in general merchandise stores (-19,000); sporting goods, 

hobby, book, and music stores (-9,000); and electronics and appliance stores (-8,000). 

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, 

information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little or no change 

over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

February. In manufacturing, the workweek was unchanged at 40.8 hours, and overtime remained at 3.3 

hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm 

payrolls has been 33.6 hours since August 2016. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 

cents to $26.09, following a 5-cent increase in January. Over the year, average hourly earnings have 

risen by 71 cents, or 2.8 percent. In February, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 

nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents to $21.86 in February. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised down from +157,000 to 

+155,000, and the change for January was revised up from +227,000 to +238,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in December and January combined were 9,000 more than previously reported. 

Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses since the last published 

estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains have 

averaged 209,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 7, 2017, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Change from:

Jan. 2017-

Feb. 2017

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 252,577 254,742 254,082 254,246 164

Civilian labor force........................................................... 158,888 159,640 159,716 160,056 340

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.9 62.7 62.9 63.0 0.1

Employed................................................................... 151,043 152,111 152,081 152,528 447

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.8 59.7 59.9 60.0 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 7,845 7,529 7,635 7,528 -107

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 93,690 95,102 94,366 94,190 -176

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 15.6 14.7 15.0 15.0 0.0

White.......................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 8.8 7.8 7.7 8.1 0.4

Asian.......................................................................... 3.8 2.6 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.6 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.3 7.9 7.7 7.9 0.2

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.0 -0.3

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.0 0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,771 3,639 3,713 3,709 -4

Job leavers...................................................................... 760 905 862 802 -60

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,449 2,219 2,170 2,197 27

New entrants.................................................................... 833 783 813 773 -40

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,308 2,379 2,468 2,566 98

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,237 2,156 2,089 2,138 49

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,140 1,199 1,192 1,057 -135

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,159 1,831 1,850 1,801 -49

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,019 5,598 5,840 5,704 -136

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,614 3,401 3,583 3,574 -9

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,104 1,873 1,944 1,864 -80

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,595 21,251 20,487 20,773 286

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,803 1,684 1,752 1,723 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 599 426 532 522 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 155 238 235

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 150 221 227

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 32 54 95

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -18 2 3 9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 12 40 58

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12 18 11 28

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13 13 7 10

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.9 2.7 -3.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 4 18

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 118 167 132

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5 1.6 5.9 9.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 13.3 39.9 -26.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 13.4 -10.2 8.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.2 -0.4 -1.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 -6 -3 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 22 32 7

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 36 46 37

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.7 -17.4 6.5 3.1

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 50 21 62

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 39.2 26.1 32.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5 24 26

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 -17 12 8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5 17 8

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 148 186 209

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 153 183 199

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 48.2 48.1 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.5 82.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.38 $25.98 $26.03 $26.09

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $875.61 $893.71 $895.43 $897.50

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.1 106.2 106.4 106.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.5 131.9 132.4 133.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 60.0 58.0 63.0

Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 53.8 50.0 65.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 634,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252,577 254,082 254,246 252,577 254,321 254,540 254,742 254,082 254,246

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,279 158,676 159,482 158,888 159,643 159,456 159,640 159,716 160,056

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.5 62.7 62.9 62.8 62.6 62.7 62.9 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,060 150,527 151,594 151,043 151,902 152,048 152,111 152,081 152,528

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 59.2 59.6 59.8 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.9 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,219 8,149 7,887 7,845 7,740 7,409 7,529 7,635 7,528

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,298 95,406 94,764 93,690 94,678 95,084 95,102 94,366 94,190

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,949 5,934 5,641 5,858 5,889 5,837 5,662 5,739 5,597

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,017 122,781 122,862 122,017 122,889 122,998 123,099 122,781 122,862

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,052 84,234 84,589 84,694 84,994 84,860 84,979 85,096 85,194

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 68.6 68.8 69.4 69.2 69.0 69.0 69.3 69.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,415 79,721 80,126 80,486 80,717 80,826 80,861 81,013 81,141

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 64.9 65.2 66.0 65.7 65.7 65.7 66.0 66.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,637 4,514 4,463 4,208 4,278 4,034 4,118 4,083 4,053

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,965 38,546 38,273 37,323 37,895 38,139 38,120 37,685 37,668

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,566 114,297 114,375 113,566 114,401 114,506 114,603 114,297 114,375

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,306 81,551 81,782 81,681 81,967 81,817 81,983 82,113 82,138

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.4 71.5 71.9 71.6 71.5 71.5 71.8 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,148 77,483 77,781 77,974 78,232 78,330 78,379 78,503 78,573

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 67.8 68.0 68.7 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.7 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,158 4,068 4,002 3,707 3,735 3,486 3,605 3,609 3,564

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,260 32,746 32,592 31,885 32,434 32,690 32,620 32,184 32,237

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,561 131,301 131,384 130,561 131,432 131,542 131,643 131,301 131,384

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,227 74,441 74,893 74,194 74,648 74,597 74,661 74,621 74,862

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 56.7 57.0 56.8 56.8 56.7 56.7 56.8 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,646 70,806 71,469 70,556 71,185 71,222 71,250 71,069 71,388

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 53.9 54.4 54.0 54.2 54.1 54.1 54.1 54.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,582 3,635 3,424 3,637 3,463 3,375 3,411 3,552 3,475

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,333 56,860 56,491 56,367 56,783 56,945 56,982 56,681 56,521

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,345 123,052 123,131 122,345 123,179 123,285 123,383 123,052 123,131

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,518 71,663 72,230 71,289 71,784 71,737 71,831 71,686 72,011

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.2 58.7 58.3 58.3 58.2 58.2 58.3 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,305 68,423 69,157 68,071 68,698 68,712 68,760 68,550 68,932

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 55.6 56.2 55.6 55.8 55.7 55.7 55.7 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,213 3,240 3,072 3,218 3,085 3,025 3,071 3,136 3,079

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,828 51,389 50,901 51,056 51,395 51,548 51,552 51,366 51,119

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,666 16,734 16,740 16,666 16,741 16,749 16,756 16,734 16,740

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,456 5,462 5,470 5,918 5,892 5,903 5,826 5,917 5,907

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 32.6 32.7 35.5 35.2 35.2 34.8 35.4 35.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,608 4,620 4,657 4,997 4,972 5,006 4,972 5,028 5,023

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 27.6 27.8 30.0 29.7 29.9 29.7 30.0 30.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 842 813 921 920 897 854 890 884

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 15.4 14.9 15.6 15.6 15.2 14.7 15.0 15.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,211 11,272 11,271 10,748 10,849 10,846 10,930 10,816 10,833

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,718 198,453 198,525 197,718 198,633 198,745 198,845 198,453 198,525

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,262 123,921 124,419 124,785 124,700 124,578 124,616 124,675 124,856

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.4 62.7 63.1 62.8 62.7 62.7 62.8 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,584 118,097 118,991 119,458 119,310 119,370 119,263 119,311 119,740

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 59.5 59.9 60.4 60.1 60.1 60.0 60.1 60.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,678 5,824 5,428 5,327 5,391 5,208 5,354 5,364 5,116

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,456 74,532 74,106 72,933 73,932 74,168 74,229 73,778 73,669

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,988 64,905 65,089 65,326 65,259 65,124 65,146 65,345 65,362

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 71.6 71.7 72.3 71.9 71.7 71.7 72.1 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,078 61,910 62,255 62,787 62,592 62,608 62,476 62,730 62,877

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 68.3 68.6 69.5 68.9 68.9 68.7 69.2 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,910 2,995 2,833 2,538 2,668 2,516 2,669 2,615 2,485

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.6 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,984 54,844 55,179 54,810 54,852 54,808 54,872 54,798 54,988

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 57.5 57.8 57.7 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,830 52,582 53,138 52,666 52,774 52,783 52,813 52,646 52,949

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 55.1 55.7 55.4 55.3 55.2 55.2 55.2 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,153 2,262 2,040 2,143 2,078 2,026 2,059 2,152 2,039

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,290 4,171 4,151 4,650 4,589 4,645 4,599 4,531 4,505

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 33.8 33.6 37.7 37.2 37.6 37.2 36.7 36.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,676 3,604 3,597 4,005 3,944 3,979 3,974 3,934 3,913

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 29.2 29.2 32.5 31.9 32.2 32.2 31.9 31.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 567 554 645 645 666 625 597 592

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 13.6 13.4 13.9 14.1 14.3 13.6 13.2 13.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,716 32,063 32,095 31,716 32,028 32,068 32,105 32,063 32,095

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,387 19,830 19,858 19,542 19,801 19,856 19,844 19,993 19,998

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 61.8 61.9 61.6 61.8 61.9 61.8 62.4 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,665 18,262 18,215 17,831 18,104 18,262 18,292 18,445 18,378

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 57.0 56.8 56.2 56.5 56.9 57.0 57.5 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,721 1,569 1,642 1,711 1,696 1,594 1,552 1,548 1,620

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 7.9 8.3 8.8 8.6 8.0 7.8 7.7 8.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,329 12,232 12,238 12,174 12,228 12,212 12,261 12,070 12,097

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,826 9,028 9,001 8,907 9,011 9,018 9,056 9,106 9,081

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9 67.5 67.2 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.7 68.1 67.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,014 8,318 8,232 8,145 8,223 8,328 8,366 8,437 8,369

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 62.2 61.5 61.7 61.6 62.3 62.5 63.1 62.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 710 769 762 789 691 690 669 713

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 7.9 8.5 8.6 8.8 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,897 10,105 10,150 9,914 10,079 10,135 10,094 10,124 10,162

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.5 62.7 61.9 62.3 62.6 62.3 62.6 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,129 9,431 9,429 9,134 9,367 9,418 9,410 9,450 9,438

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 58.3 58.2 57.0 57.9 58.2 58.1 58.4 58.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 673 721 780 712 716 683 673 724

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 6.7 7.1 7.9 7.1 7.1 6.8 6.7 7.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 698 706 721 710 703 694 764 754

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.6 27.8 28.1 28.8 28.2 27.9 27.6 30.4 30.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 512 554 552 515 516 515 558 571

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 20.4 22.0 22.1 20.5 20.5 20.5 22.2 22.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 186 153 169 196 187 178 205 183

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 26.7 21.6 23.4 27.5 26.6 25.7 26.9 24.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,974 15,157 15,228 14,974 15,344 15,323 15,433 15,157 15,228

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,483 9,617 9,731 9,456 9,797 9,634 9,678 9,641 9,709

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 63.5 63.9 63.2 63.8 62.9 62.7 63.6 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,115 9,250 9,387 9,099 9,462 9,342 9,423 9,281 9,377

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 61.0 61.6 60.8 61.7 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 367 344 357 334 292 256 360 332

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.6 3.7 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,491 5,540 5,497 5,517 5,547 5,690 5,755 5,517 5,519

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 40,302 40,922 41,003 40,302 41,011 41,102 41,190 40,922 41,003

Civilian labor force................................ 26,528 26,927 27,153 26,642 26,931 26,990 27,079 27,044 27,251

Participation rate............................... 65.8 65.8 66.2 66.1 65.7 65.7 65.7 66.1 66.5

Employed....................................... 24,967 25,146 25,527 25,188 25,389 25,448 25,486 25,453 25,727

Employment-population ratio............... 61.9 61.4 62.3 62.5 61.9 61.9 61.9 62.2 62.7

Unemployed.................................... 1,561 1,781 1,626 1,454 1,542 1,541 1,594 1,590 1,523

Unemployment rate......................... 5.9 6.6 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.6

Not in labor force................................. 13,774 13,995 13,850 13,661 14,080 14,113 14,111 13,879 13,753

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,639 14,837 14,879 14,707 14,861 14,881 14,821 14,898 14,938

Participation rate............................... 80.6 80.5 80.6 80.9 80.4 80.3 79.8 80.9 80.9

Employed....................................... 13,834 13,966 14,081 14,018 14,118 14,113 14,102 14,187 14,253

Employment-population ratio............... 76.1 75.8 76.3 77.2 76.4 76.2 75.9 77.0 77.2

Unemployed.................................... 806 872 798 688 743 768 720 711 685

Unemployment rate......................... 5.5 5.9 5.4 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,754 11,022 11,135 10,744 10,912 10,971 11,083 11,028 11,119

Participation rate............................... 58.5 59.0 59.5 58.4 58.3 58.5 58.9 59.0 59.4

Employed....................................... 10,163 10,290 10,501 10,164 10,314 10,411 10,424 10,336 10,494

Employment-population ratio............... 55.3 55.1 56.1 55.3 55.1 55.5 55.4 55.3 56.0

Unemployed.................................... 591 732 635 580 598 560 659 692 625

Unemployment rate......................... 5.5 6.6 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.9 6.3 5.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,135 1,068 1,139 1,191 1,158 1,138 1,175 1,117 1,193

Participation rate............................... 30.3 28.0 29.9 31.8 30.5 29.9 30.8 29.3 31.3

Employed....................................... 970 890 946 1,005 958 924 960 930 980

Employment-population ratio............... 25.9 23.4 24.8 26.9 25.2 24.3 25.2 24.4 25.7

Unemployed.................................... 165 178 193 186 200 214 215 187 214

Unemployment rate......................... 14.5 16.6 17.0 15.6 17.3 18.8 18.3 16.7 17.9

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,386 10,627 9,926 10,658 10,657 10,587 10,483 10,533 10,229

Participation rate.................................. 45.0 45.7 44.7 46.2 45.3 45.1 45.0 45.3 46.1

Employed.......................................... 9,530 9,677 9,030 9,885 9,872 9,753 9,660 9,725 9,424

Employment-population ratio................. 41.3 41.6 40.7 42.8 42.0 41.5 41.4 41.8 42.5

Unemployed....................................... 856 950 896 773 784 834 823 808 806

Unemployment rate............................ 8.2 8.9 9.0 7.3 7.4 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.9

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,489 35,191 35,768 35,698 35,871 35,833 35,661 35,443 35,853

Participation rate.................................. 57.3 57.5 57.8 57.6 57.8 57.7 57.7 57.9 57.9

Employed.......................................... 33,425 33,116 33,825 33,818 33,912 34,068 33,860 33,580 34,078

Employment-population ratio................. 54.0 54.1 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.9 54.8 54.9 55.0

Unemployed....................................... 2,063 2,076 1,943 1,880 1,959 1,765 1,801 1,863 1,776

Unemployment rate............................ 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.5 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 38,156 37,982 37,837 37,984 38,119 38,189 38,244 38,007 37,754

Participation rate.................................. 66.8 65.6 66.0 66.5 66.4 66.4 66.1 65.7 65.8

Employed.......................................... 36,412 36,436 36,193 36,374 36,666 36,702 36,773 36,563 36,245

Employment-population ratio................. 63.7 63.0 63.1 63.7 63.9 63.8 63.6 63.2 63.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,744 1,547 1,644 1,610 1,453 1,486 1,472 1,444 1,509

Unemployment rate............................ 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 53,563 54,369 55,254 53,175 54,064 53,899 54,032 54,271 54,804

Participation rate.................................. 74.4 73.9 74.1 73.9 74.1 73.7 73.6 73.8 73.5

Employed.......................................... 52,237 52,987 53,943 51,862 52,683 52,656 52,699 52,925 53,498

Employment-population ratio................. 72.6 72.1 72.3 72.1 72.2 72.0 71.7 72.0 71.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,326 1,382 1,311 1,313 1,380 1,243 1,333 1,346 1,306

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,007 20,657 18,999 18,633 2,008 2,024

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,657 10,423 9,412 9,240 1,245 1,182

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 50.5 49.5 49.6 62.0 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,221 10,014 9,029 8,882 1,193 1,132

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 48.5 47.5 47.7 59.4 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 409 383 358 52 51

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,350 10,234 9,587 9,393 763 842

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,752 4,045 3,125 3,379 627 666

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,063 3,329 2,593 2,886 470 443

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 82.3 83.0 85.4 75.0 66.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,918 3,175 2,465 2,754 453 421

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 78.5 78.9 81.5 72.3 63.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 154 128 132 17 22

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.6 3.6 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 716 533 493 157 223

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,417 3,340 2,859 2,787 558 553

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,774 2,660 2,364 2,264 410 396

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2 79.6 82.7 81.2 73.5 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,690 2,577 2,289 2,197 401 380

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 77.2 80.1 78.8 71.8 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 83 76 67 9 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.2 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 680 495 523 148 157

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,639 8,191 8,330 7,895 309 296

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,205 1,900 2,134 1,844 70 56

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 23.2 25.6 23.4 22.7 18.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,105 1,810 2,042 1,760 63 50

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 22.1 24.5 22.3 20.4 16.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 90 92 84 7 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.5 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,434 6,291 6,196 6,051 239 240

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,199 5,081 4,685 4,572 514 509

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,615 2,535 2,320 2,247 294 287

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 49.9 49.5 49.2 57.2 56.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,508 2,452 2,233 2,172 276 281

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.3 47.7 47.5 53.6 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 82 88 76 19 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.2 3.8 3.4 6.3 2.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,584 2,546 2,365 2,325 220 222

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222,623 224,576 98,561 99,751 124,062 124,825

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,746 147,151 73,736 74,411 72,010 72,740

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.5 74.8 74.6 58.0 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,309 140,004 69,685 70,474 68,624 69,530

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.3 70.7 70.6 55.3 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,437 7,147 4,051 3,937 3,386 3,210

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.9 5.5 5.3 4.7 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,877 77,425 24,825 25,340 52,052 52,085

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 28,915 30,113 223,662 224,133

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,643 6,134 152,636 153,348

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.5 20.4 68.2 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 4,936 5,508 145,125 146,087

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.1 18.3 64.9 65.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 707 626 7,511 7,261

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.5 10.2 4.9 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,272 23,979 71,026 70,785

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,487 2,577 76,563 76,757

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.2 33.5 82.0 82.3

Employed............................................................................. 2,122 2,298 72,490 72,812

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.4 29.9 77.7 78.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 365 280 4,073 3,945

Unemployment rate............................................................... 14.7 10.9 5.3 5.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,998 5,111 16,782 16,561

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,128 2,367 67,999 68,192

Participation rate..................................................................... 27.3 29.6 70.4 70.8

Employed............................................................................. 1,853 2,111 64,825 65,216

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 23.8 26.4 67.2 67.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 275 256 3,174 2,977

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.9 10.8 4.7 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,664 5,634 28,533 28,135

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,028 1,189 8,075 8,399

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.5 8.2 23.9 24.4

Employed............................................................................. 961 1,099 7,810 8,059

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.0 7.6 23.1 23.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 67 90 264 339

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.5 7.6 3.3 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,610 13,234 25,712 26,088

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,960 41,137 19,976 19,938 20,984 21,199

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,602 27,049 15,402 15,527 11,200 11,522

Participation rate.................................................. 64.9 65.8 77.1 77.9 53.4 54.4

Employed.......................................................... 25,391 25,701 14,743 14,795 10,648 10,907

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.0 62.5 73.8 74.2 50.7 51.4

Unemployed....................................................... 1,211 1,348 659 732 553 616

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.6 5.0 4.3 4.7 4.9 5.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,358 14,088 4,574 4,411 9,784 9,677

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 211,618 213,108 102,041 102,924 109,577 110,184

Civilian labor force.................................................. 131,677 132,432 68,650 69,062 63,027 63,370

Participation rate.................................................. 62.2 62.1 67.3 67.1 57.5 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 124,670 125,893 64,672 65,331 59,998 60,562

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.9 59.1 63.4 63.5 54.8 55.0

Unemployed....................................................... 7,007 6,539 3,978 3,731 3,029 2,808

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.3 4.9 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,941 80,676 33,391 33,862 46,550 46,814

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,274 2,225 2,262 2,478 2,317 2,431 2,356 2,418 2,458

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,402 1,460 1,424 1,586 1,493 1,559 1,470 1,633 1,603

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 857 747 820 880 817 833 857 795 841

Unpaid family workers........................... 15 18 18 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 147,787 148,302 149,332 148,551 149,604 149,752 149,811 149,582 150,026

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 139,112 139,942 140,572 139,709 140,806 140,968 140,773 140,952 141,101

Government..................................... 21,104 21,083 21,295 20,673 20,698 20,938 20,865 20,796 20,843

Private industries............................... 118,008 118,859 119,277 119,008 120,073 120,016 119,916 120,189 120,258

Private households.......................... 685 731 689 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 117,322 118,128 118,588 118,289 119,325 119,290 119,206 119,467 119,535

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,606 8,313 8,709 8,739 8,731 8,716 8,991 8,552 8,826

Unpaid family workers........................... 69 47 52 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,106 6,226 5,773 6,019 5,850 5,659 5,598 5,840 5,704

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,726 3,966 3,704 3,614 3,481 3,485 3,401 3,583 3,574

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,062 1,902 1,820 2,104 2,093 1,902 1,873 1,944 1,864

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,347 20,612 21,498 20,595 20,765 21,059 21,251 20,487 20,773

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,005 6,127 5,700 5,927 5,748 5,550 5,476 5,769 5,637

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,654 3,909 3,659 3,559 3,415 3,424 3,310 3,535 3,540

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,053 1,895 1,811 2,098 2,082 1,870 1,862 1,947 1,853

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,991 20,277 21,184 20,220 20,455 20,696 20,818 20,136 20,445

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,060 150,527 151,594 151,043 151,902 152,048 152,111 152,081 152,528

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,608 4,620 4,657 4,997 4,972 5,006 4,972 5,028 5,023

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,530 1,643 1,576 1,734 1,665 1,682 1,723 1,813 1,779

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,078 2,977 3,080 3,264 3,283 3,318 3,253 3,219 3,252

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,453 145,907 146,938 146,046 146,930 147,042 147,139 147,054 147,505

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,848 13,691 13,947 14,099 13,889 14,000 14,071 14,070 14,181

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,605 132,215 132,991 131,909 133,100 133,166 133,065 132,956 133,252

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,380 97,656 98,070 97,720 98,442 98,453 98,495 98,190 98,371

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,322 33,926 34,216 33,372 33,934 33,952 34,185 34,136 34,247

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,370 31,406 31,448 31,549 31,604 31,741 31,611 31,553 31,614

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,688 32,324 32,406 32,799 32,904 32,760 32,698 32,502 32,511

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,225 34,560 34,920 34,188 34,658 34,713 34,570 34,765 34,880

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,415 79,721 80,126 80,486 80,717 80,826 80,861 81,013 81,141

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,267 2,237 2,345 2,512 2,485 2,495 2,482 2,509 2,567

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 769 770 834 754 769 786 871 895

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,565 1,468 1,576 1,675 1,725 1,728 1,699 1,641 1,677

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,148 77,483 77,781 77,974 78,232 78,330 78,379 78,503 78,573

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,107 7,028 7,045 7,289 7,122 7,206 7,246 7,302 7,223

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,041 70,455 70,736 70,628 71,128 71,186 71,114 71,202 71,299

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,013 52,196 52,241 52,480 52,627 52,700 52,737 52,705 52,687

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,905 18,287 18,262 18,054 18,223 18,228 18,374 18,472 18,408

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,895 16,886 16,906 17,070 17,038 17,137 17,054 17,048 17,072

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,213 17,023 17,073 17,356 17,365 17,334 17,309 17,185 17,206

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,027 18,259 18,495 18,148 18,502 18,486 18,377 18,497 18,612

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,646 70,806 71,469 70,556 71,185 71,222 71,250 71,069 71,388

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,341 2,383 2,311 2,485 2,487 2,510 2,490 2,518 2,456

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 874 807 900 911 914 938 942 884

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,512 1,509 1,505 1,589 1,558 1,590 1,554 1,578 1,574

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,305 68,423 69,157 68,071 68,698 68,712 68,760 68,550 68,932

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,741 6,663 6,903 6,810 6,767 6,794 6,825 6,767 6,957

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,564 61,760 62,255 61,280 61,972 61,981 61,951 61,754 61,953

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,367 45,460 45,829 45,240 45,815 45,753 45,758 45,485 45,685

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,417 15,639 15,954 15,318 15,710 15,724 15,812 15,664 15,838

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,475 14,520 14,542 14,479 14,566 14,603 14,557 14,505 14,541

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,475 15,301 15,333 15,443 15,539 15,426 15,389 15,317 15,305

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,197 16,300 16,426 16,040 16,157 16,227 16,193 16,269 16,268

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,874 45,344 45,729 45,196 45,331 45,268 45,252 45,593 46,017

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,344 35,444 35,891 35,119 35,404 35,342 35,478 35,402 35,640

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,638 9,906 9,685 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,757 123,015 123,610 123,210 124,190 124,213 124,248 124,705 125,031

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,303 27,512 27,985 27,853 27,770 27,854 27,895 27,405 27,554

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,454 7,405 7,980 7,343 7,758 7,812 7,554 7,562 7,822

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.9 5.3 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,793 5,713 5,681 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,463 9,060 9,529 9,619 9,549 9,549 9,848 9,347 9,667

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,845 7,635 7,528 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 921 890 884 15.6 15.6 15.2 14.7 15.0 15.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 406 345 390 19.0 19.8 18.1 17.6 16.0 18.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 526 546 509 13.9 13.5 14.2 13.1 14.5 13.5

20 years and over................................ 6,924 6,745 6,643 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,330 1,267 1,232 8.6 8.4 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.0

25 years and over.............................. 5,577 5,414 5,398 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9

25 to 54 years............................... 4,234 4,173 4,159 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,782 1,767 1,726 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8

35 to 44 years............................. 1,253 1,297 1,353 3.8 3.9 3.5 4.0 3.9 4.1

45 to 54 years............................. 1,200 1,109 1,080 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2

55 years and over........................... 1,339 1,268 1,235 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,208 4,083 4,053 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 501 474 489 16.6 17.9 18.0 17.1 15.9 16.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 229 181 192 21.6 22.0 23.3 21.1 17.2 17.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 286 293 303 14.6 16.2 16.1 14.8 15.1 15.3

20 years and over................................ 3,707 3,609 3,564 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 747 752 751 9.3 9.7 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

25 years and over.............................. 2,943 2,829 2,802 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,190 2,190 2,157 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9

25 to 34 years............................. 965 951 960 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.0

35 to 44 years............................. 636 683 669 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.8

45 to 54 years............................. 589 555 528 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0

55 years and over........................... 753 639 645 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.4

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,637 3,552 3,475 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 420 416 396 14.5 13.2 12.2 12.0 14.2 13.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 177 164 198 16.4 18.0 13.1 14.4 14.8 18.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 240 253 206 13.1 10.2 12.1 11.1 13.8 11.6

20 years and over................................ 3,218 3,136 3,079 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 583 515 481 7.9 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.1 6.5

25 years and over.............................. 2,634 2,585 2,595 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,044 1,983 2,002 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2

25 to 34 years............................. 816 816 766 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.6

35 to 44 years............................. 617 613 684 4.1 4.1 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.5

45 to 54 years............................. 611 554 552 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5

55 years and over........................... 572 615 588 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,173 1,284 1,234 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,088 1,119 1,122 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.1

Women who maintain families2.................... 729 660 671 7.0 6.1 6.2 5.8 6.3 6.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,403 6,223 6,035 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.6

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,427 1,395 1,471 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.1

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4,244 4,361 4,184 3,771 3,749 3,542 3,639 3,713 3,709

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,282 1,518 1,307 960 994 896 1,033 1,062 979

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,962 2,843 2,877 2,810 2,755 2,646 2,606 2,651 2,730

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,049 2,093 2,118 1,991 1,906 1,903 1,902 1,981 2,042

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 912 750 759 819 848 743 704 670 688

Job leavers........................................... 766 864 803 760 945 934 905 862 802

Reentrants............................................ 2,467 2,224 2,220 2,449 2,339 2,266 2,219 2,170 2,197

New entrants......................................... 742 701 681 833 791 728 783 813 773

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 51.6 53.5 53.0 48.3 47.9 47.4 48.2 49.1 49.6

On temporary layoff.............................. 15.6 18.6 16.6 12.3 12.7 12.0 13.7 14.0 13.1

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 36.0 34.9 36.5 36.0 35.2 35.4 34.5 35.1 36.5

Job leavers........................................... 9.3 10.6 10.2 9.7 12.1 12.5 12.0 11.4 10.7

Reentrants............................................ 30.0 27.3 28.1 31.3 29.9 30.3 29.4 28.7 29.4

New entrants......................................... 9.0 8.6 8.6 10.7 10.1 9.7 10.4 10.8 10.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,057 2,824 2,327 2,308 2,393 2,415 2,379 2,468 2,566

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,636 2,216 2,522 2,237 2,273 2,133 2,156 2,089 2,138

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,525 3,109 3,038 3,299 3,130 2,929 3,030 3,043 2,858

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,277 1,201 1,160 1,140 1,167 1,073 1,199 1,192 1,057

27 weeks and over............................... 2,248 1,908 1,878 2,159 1,964 1,856 1,831 1,850 1,801

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 29.0 23.7 25.1 28.9 27.0 26.2 26.0 25.1 25.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.7 9.6 10.3 11.3 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.2 10.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 25.0 34.6 29.5 29.4 30.7 32.3 31.4 32.5 33.9

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 32.1 27.2 32.0 28.5 29.2 28.5 28.5 27.5 28.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 42.9 38.2 38.5 42.1 40.1 39.2 40.0 40.0 37.8

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.5 14.7 14.7 14.5 15.0 14.4 15.8 15.7 14.0

27 weeks and over............................... 27.4 23.4 23.8 27.5 25.2 24.8 24.2 24.4 23.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 150,060 151,594 8,219 7,887 5.2 4.9

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 59,583 61,064 1,456 1,313 2.4 2.1

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,769 25,242 672 626 2.6 2.4

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,815 35,822 784 687 2.2 1.9

Service occupations................................................ 25,678 25,894 1,792 1,857 6.5 6.7

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,766 33,484 1,769 1,615 5.0 4.6

Sales and related occupations.................................. 16,146 15,970 751 712 4.4 4.3

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,619 17,515 1,018 903 5.5 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,351 13,495 1,227 1,134 8.4 7.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 978 1,073 146 105 13.0 8.9

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,595 7,531 834 813 9.9 9.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,778 4,891 247 216 4.9 4.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,683 17,657 1,193 1,261 6.3 6.7

Production occupations.......................................... 8,472 8,398 546 536 6.1 6.0

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,211 9,259 647 725 6.6 7.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 8,219 7,887 5.2 4.9

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,295 6,267 5.1 5.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 85 34 9.2 4.6

Construction.......................................................................... 749 781 8.7 8.8

Manufacturing........................................................................ 729 619 4.7 4.0

Durable goods..................................................................... 454 443 4.7 4.5

Nondurable goods................................................................ 275 177 4.8 3.1

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,086 1,106 5.3 5.4

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 297 343 4.4 5.2

Information............................................................................ 103 105 3.7 3.9

Financial activities................................................................... 349 344 3.6 3.4

Professional and business services............................................... 932 919 5.8 5.5

Education and health services..................................................... 692 752 3.0 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 965 952 7.1 7.0

Other services........................................................................ 307 312 4.7 4.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 164 126 10.8 8.5

Government workers................................................................... 596 463 2.7 2.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 422 350 4.2 3.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Oct.

2016

Nov.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.7

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 10.1 10.1 9.5 9.8 9.5 9.3 9.2 9.4 9.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2016

Feb.

2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,298 94,764 37,965 38,273 56,333 56,491

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,949 5,641 2,759 2,575 3,189 3,066

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,803 1,723 943 972 860 751

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 599 522 363 376 236 146

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,204 1,201 580 596 624 605

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,454 7,980 3,592 3,985 3,862 3,996

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.0 5.3 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.6

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,891 4,415 2,092 2,444 1,799 1,970

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,146 2,180 734 773 1,412 1,406

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 255 251 164 150 91 101

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,107 1,101 570 606 537 495

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Change

from:

Jan.2017 -

Feb.2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,919 146,158 143,261 144,271 143,448 145,325 145,563 145,798 235

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,506 123,522 121,098 121,650 121,318 123,026 123,247 123,474 227

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,244 19,670 19,337 19,446 19,747 19,794 19,848 19,943 95

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 669 662 670 710 668 671 680 9

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 50.3 48.6 50.2 52.7 51.0 50.3 51.5 1.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646.4 618.3 613.1 619.9 656.9 616.8 621.1 628.8 7.7

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.9 177.7 176.1 177.5 184.6 177.3 176.9 178.7 1.8

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178.8 179.7 177.1 177.2 185.5 182.0 183.4 183.3 -0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 50.2 50.2 50.0 53.5 49.7 50.0 50.3 0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6 39.3 38.9 39.0 39.7 39.1 39.0 39.0 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 90.2 88.0 88.2 92.3 93.2 94.4 94.0 -0.4

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.7 260.9 259.9 265.2 286.8 257.5 260.8 266.8 6.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,256 6,660 6,414 6,475 6,662 6,783 6,823 6,881 58

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415.3 1,491.9 1,460.2 1,463.7 1,477.5 1,503.2 1,515.1 1,521.0 5.9

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686.6 751.0 730.9 733.3 720.0 753.6 762.9 766.9 4.0

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728.7 740.9 729.3 730.4 757.5 749.6 752.2 754.1 1.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 843.1 885.3 825.5 852.8 947.0 935.0 941.6 956.7 15.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,997.6 4,282.5 4,128.6 4,158.9 4,237.5 4,345.0 4,366.7 4,403.1 36.4

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,736.4 1,882.7 1,814.1 1,825.5 1,850.8 1,912.2 1,925.2 1,940.1 14.9

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,261.2 2,399.8 2,314.5 2,333.4 2,386.7 2,432.8 2,441.5 2,463.0 21.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,290 12,341 12,261 12,301 12,375 12,343 12,354 12,382 28

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,713 7,709 7,674 7,688 7,753 7,708 7,715 7,725 10

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.6 396.0 393.1 392.2 391.1 396.2 397.4 398.9 1.5

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.8 407.0 397.9 400.2 406.3 412.3 413.7 416.1 2.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381.7 377.2 376.9 377.8 382.0 375.8 376.4 378.0 1.6

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,428.8 1,422.1 1,416.7 1,419.9 1,433.3 1,421.6 1,420.2 1,420.7 0.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,092.2 1,075.7 1,075.9 1,083.0 1,092.7 1,075.6 1,079.1 1,085.9 6.8

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,050.8 1,040.7 1,033.4 1,032.6 1,054.5 1,039.4 1,036.2 1,035.4 -0.8

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 163.3 162.4 160.5 160.3 164.3 162.4 161.8 161.4 -0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 84.0 84.2 84.5 86.3 84.2 84.4 84.8 0.4

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.1 363.2 359.0 358.4 371.0 362.1 359.2 358.8 -0.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.1 396.4 395.5 395.6 397.5 396.0 396.5 396.5 0.0

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 34.7 34.2 33.8 35.4 34.6 34.3 34.0 -0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 384.7 382.7 383.0 383.9 384.9 383.2 384.3 385.5 1.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623.0 1,623.8 1,617.5 1,614.6 1,624.6 1,619.8 1,622.0 1,616.0 -6.0

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934.1 946.1 942.1 941.2 934.8 942.4 945.1 941.6 -3.5

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.2 391.0 392.4 393.2 391.5 392.8 394.4 395.4 1.0

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589.3 592.7 587.1 590.6 592.5 591.4 591.5 593.3 1.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,577 4,632 4,587 4,613 4,622 4,635 4,639 4,657 18

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517.5 1,565.8 1,550.0 1,563.3 1,540.2 1,568.2 1,575.0 1,583.8 8.8

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.1 112.2 111.6 111.5 115.3 112.2 111.9 111.7 -0.2

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.9 112.8 111.7 111.5 117.1 112.8 113.1 112.9 -0.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.6 129.8 125.5 126.7 133.1 128.9 127.2 126.8 -0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.8 368.7 367.9 369.0 373.3 368.3 368.6 370.1 1.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 447.6 444.1 439.1 438.2 449.8 442.3 441.4 441.3 -0.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 110.0 107.1 106.9 112.0 111.0 110.3 110.3 0.0

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809.1 812.5 806.7 809.8 810.4 809.8 809.7 812.2 2.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.6 695.8 693.9 699.9 698.2 698.3 700.1 702.6 2.5

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.3 280.3 273.0 276.4 272.5 283.6 282.0 285.1 3.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,262 103,852 101,761 102,204 101,571 103,232 103,399 103,531 132

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,727 28,090 27,235 26,992 27,123 27,374 27,409 27,401 -8

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,811.5 5,892.8 5,844.7 5,861.5 5,854.0 5,888.4 5,894.3 5,904.2 9.9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,914.3 2,933.0 2,916.6 2,923.8 2,928.6 2,932.7 2,935.9 2,941.3 5.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,010.0 2,054.6 2,031.7 2,036.7 2,031.6 2,052.9 2,055.0 2,056.7 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Change

from:

Jan.2017 -

Feb.2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.2 905.2 896.4 901.0 893.8 902.8 903.4 906.2 2.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,480.5 16,375.9 15,832.7 15,606.5 15,766.5 15,881.0 15,920.9 15,894.9 -26.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,948.7 1,993.4 1,985.0 1,989.3 1,969.7 2,002.0 2,008.0 2,011.5 3.5

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,262.6 1,293.5 1,291.4 1,292.1 1,269.8 1,295.3 1,298.8 1,301.0 2.2

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.5 145.2 142.3 146.6 150.8 152.5 153.8 155.5 1.7

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 543.6 554.7 551.3 550.6 549.0 554.2 555.4 555.0 -0.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 465.0 494.2 488.4 483.4 471.0 478.0 483.8 485.0 1.2

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 527.0 532.7 528.3 507.9 528.0 509.0 514.3 506.1 -8.2

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,210.8 1,242.9 1,219.1 1,236.8 1,258.6 1,283.2 1,284.9 1,285.9 1.0

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,050.1 3,117.5 3,079.0 3,065.4 3,080.9 3,097.0 3,100.0 3,099.3 -0.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,033.9 1,080.8 1,070.3 1,066.5 1,039.5 1,065.0 1,067.8 1,071.0 3.2

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.7 929.9 922.4 923.2 919.3 934.3 936.0 937.8 1.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,314.2 1,489.7 1,365.8 1,301.2 1,364.0 1,340.8 1,360.8 1,355.3 -5.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.2 689.0 622.7 591.8 624.8 614.8 611.3 602.4 -8.9

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085.9 3,392.0 3,193.4 3,078.7 3,153.7 3,180.2 3,174.8 3,155.5 -19.3

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,280.8 1,448.4 1,314.4 1,253.3 1,310.6 1,301.6 1,293.1 1,288.4 -4.7

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,805.1 1,943.6 1,879.0 1,825.4 1,843.1 1,878.7 1,881.7 1,867.1 -14.6

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.3 840.6 808.5 815.9 827.3 830.3 830.0 832.7 2.7

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.7 573.2 549.8 546.4 529.7 546.4 549.2 552.4 3.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,879.7 5,264.8 5,002.7 4,972.4 4,945.6 5,048.0 5,037.8 5,046.6 8.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466.4 476.8 477.5 477.1 470.3 479.3 480.6 481.0 0.4

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.8 210.9 208.4 207.4 217.8 210.8 209.5 208.4 -1.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 63.3 62.7 61.7 64.4 64.4 64.7 64.0 -0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,423.4 1,465.0 1,432.1 1,441.5 1,454.3 1,464.9 1,459.8 1,470.4 10.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.4 484.6 480.9 482.5 480.6 470.0 471.4 472.8 1.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.1 48.5 48.1 47.9 50.2 48.5 48.2 48.1 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 24.7 29.3 24.9 25.0 33.2 35.3 35.1 34.6 -0.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 656.5 665.8 654.4 655.4 660.4 664.0 659.9 659.3 -0.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.0 855.2 671.5 635.3 622.3 668.0 658.5 659.4 0.9

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882.9 965.4 942.2 938.6 892.1 942.8 950.1 948.6 -1.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.8 556.8 554.5 551.6 556.9 556.7 556.3 555.3 -1.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,762 2,775 2,722 2,755 2,773 2,762 2,759 2,759 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 727.1 733.2 726.8 727.3 730.4 729.5 730.1 729.6 -0.5

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.2 415.0 388.3 418.7 412.3 415.9 417.6 416.7 -0.9

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.9 264.6 264.0 263.2 272.5 264.7 265.0 264.0 -1.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802.7 793.3 777.1 780.1 804.4 786.2 777.7 779.6 1.9

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.1 303.9 300.1 298.9 297.8 300.7 301.2 300.5 -0.7

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.0 264.9 265.6 266.7 255.7 265.2 266.9 268.3 1.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,155 8,373 8,342 8,342 8,213 8,364 8,396 8,403 7

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,079.9 6,210.7 6,204.7 6,202.7 6,094.7 6,194.6 6,214.7 6,216.9 2.2

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.4 18.9 18.8 18.9 18.5 18.8 18.8 18.9 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,582.6 2,644.3 2,645.9 2,640.6 2,589.3 2,637.9 2,647.1 2,646.6 -0.5

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,685.3 1,709.1 1,713.2 1,711.2 1,688.0 1,708.9 1,714.8 1,714.7 -0.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,298.0 1,313.2 1,315.4 1,314.4 1,299.2 1,310.9 1,314.1 1,315.0 0.9

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 603.8 626.4 625.4 621.3 606.0 621.9 623.6 622.8 -0.8

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 293.5 308.8 307.3 308.1 295.3 307.0 308.7 309.1 0.4

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 917.2 934.6 930.9 930.2 920.7 933.0 934.1 933.5 -0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,561.7 2,612.9 2,609.1 2,613.0 2,566.2 2,604.9 2,614.7 2,617.9 3.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,075.0 2,161.9 2,137.4 2,139.4 2,118.1 2,169.3 2,181.3 2,186.1 4.8

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,515.2 1,586.0 1,571.6 1,576.8 1,539.3 1,586.4 1,597.3 1,604.4 7.1

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536.5 552.3 542.9 539.6 555.2 559.5 560.8 558.4 -2.4

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.3 23.6 22.9 23.0 23.6 23.4 23.2 23.3 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Change

from:

Jan.2017 -

Feb.2017p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,609 20,521 20,088 20,207 19,902 20,416 20,462 20,499 37

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,819.4 9,036.5 9,037.1 9,119.2 8,760.8 9,013.2 9,039.3 9,059.6 20.3

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112.5 1,130.5 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.1 1,126.1 1,126.4 1,125.1 -1.3

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,096.4 997.8 1,072.4 1,122.1 970.2 1,000.0 997.0 996.9 -0.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,385.2 1,424.8 1,413.7 1,416.9 1,405.4 1,427.3 1,433.3 1,437.8 4.5

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.5 143.1 140.5 140.6 136.7 141.2 142.5 142.3 -0.2

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949.3 2,028.1 2,036.1 2,043.4 1,956.7 2,031.5 2,042.8 2,048.3 5.5

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326.6 1,422.3 1,387.2 1,399.7 1,337.2 1,407.4 1,407.3 1,413.6 6.3

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665.1 694.6 692.2 694.2 671.3 695.0 697.8 698.9 1.1

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.6 491.4 483.8 488.2 487.4 488.3 489.2 490.6 1.4

Other professional and technical services. . . 665.2 703.9 692.0 694.9 676.9 696.4 703.0 706.1 3.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,217.9 2,265.6 2,254.5 2,256.9 2,229.3 2,258.9 2,263.2 2,268.3 5.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,571.6 9,218.9 8,796.1 8,830.5 8,911.4 9,143.6 9,159.4 9,171.5 12.1

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,181.4 8,807.5 8,389.6 8,422.9 8,512.4 8,730.6 8,745.3 8,755.6 10.3

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.8 510.5 507.5 513.0 486.5 510.4 510.2 513.3 3.1

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.3 140.7 138.4 138.0 141.3 140.6 139.6 139.0 -0.6

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,386.6 3,759.5 3,473.3 3,484.3 3,534.1 3,618.0 3,628.7 3,633.8 5.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,752.9 3,093.1 2,835.0 2,841.3 2,880.2 2,961.6 2,968.1 2,971.2 3.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.3 941.8 918.4 919.5 898.4 920.0 919.6 918.4 -1.2

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210.4 213.8 211.6 214.1 214.6 215.0 216.8 217.5 0.7

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 882.3 918.4 899.5 902.9 890.8 910.3 909.9 912.5 2.6

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,870.7 2,014.8 1,926.4 1,934.5 2,037.9 2,101.4 2,101.7 2,100.9 -0.8

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.0 308.0 314.5 316.6 308.8 314.8 318.8 320.2 1.4

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390.2 411.4 406.5 407.6 399.0 413.0 414.1 415.9 1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,505 23,023 22,707 23,064 22,408 22,871 22,892 22,954 62

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,665.3 3,699.1 3,471.0 3,774.4 3,523.7 3,603.6 3,599.1 3,628.4 29.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,839.7 19,324.3 19,235.8 19,289.5 18,884.3 19,266.9 19,293.0 19,325.5 32.5

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,227.0 15,641.9 15,552.9 15,589.9 15,276.8 15,594.5 15,606.6 15,633.4 26.8

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,963.4 7,224.2 7,171.5 7,198.1 6,989.3 7,194.7 7,201.8 7,220.1 18.3

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,496.4 2,575.6 2,552.6 2,561.3 2,502.2 2,558.9 2,559.4 2,566.3 6.9

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.5 937.7 935.0 938.7 918.4 937.1 938.1 940.2 2.1

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 833.7 886.0 880.4 880.5 836.6 884.2 885.9 884.9 -1.0

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835.0 884.3 883.7 889.7 837.6 880.5 885.5 890.7 5.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 260.5 263.1 259.5 257.7 260.8 262.0 260.6 259.2 -1.4

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,337.3 1,384.8 1,373.5 1,378.1 1,345.5 1,380.0 1,381.6 1,385.8 4.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.0 292.7 286.8 292.1 288.3 291.9 290.7 293.0 2.3

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,973.9 5,087.3 5,068.7 5,077.7 4,981.0 5,077.0 5,078.7 5,085.0 6.3

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,289.7 3,330.4 3,312.7 3,314.1 3,306.5 3,322.8 3,326.1 3,328.3 2.2

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,632.0 1,651.1 1,639.6 1,637.5 1,642.2 1,645.8 1,644.3 1,645.2 0.9

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 610.6 616.2 614.8 616.7 613.4 615.8 617.4 618.5 1.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885.5 899.1 895.3 895.7 887.4 897.3 899.8 899.7 -0.1

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 161.6 164.0 163.0 164.2 163.5 163.9 164.6 164.9 0.3

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,612.7 3,682.4 3,682.9 3,699.6 3,607.5 3,672.4 3,686.4 3,692.1 5.7

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,201.6 2,261.8 2,269.7 2,277.1 2,205.1 2,262.0 2,276.0 2,280.9 4.9

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 160.4 166.6 168.1 168.5 161.4 166.0 168.3 168.1 -0.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 335.9 336.2 330.8 330.4 339.7 335.5 334.4 333.5 -0.9

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.8 917.8 914.3 923.6 901.4 908.9 907.9 909.6 1.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,889 15,394 15,027 15,175 15,488 15,744 15,768 15,794 26

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,988.4 2,059.8 1,983.4 2,016.0 2,211.1 2,245.9 2,251.6 2,257.3 5.7

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 419.0 424.9 397.5 411.0 454.7 449.8 452.1 450.6 -1.5

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.4 153.4 147.5 148.7 154.7 161.4 162.3 163.4 1.1

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,428.0 1,481.5 1,438.4 1,456.3 1,601.7 1,634.7 1,637.2 1,643.3 6.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,900.5 13,334.5 13,043.1 13,159.0 13,276.9 13,498.4 13,515.9 13,536.2 20.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Change

from:

Jan.2017 -

Feb.2017p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,861.7 1,882.8 1,846.2 1,864.2 1,946.2 1,949.5 1,946.7 1,950.3 3.6

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,038.8 11,451.7 11,196.9 11,294.8 11,330.7 11,548.9 11,569.2 11,585.9 16.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,615 5,676 5,640 5,669 5,664 5,701 5,713 5,721 8

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,288.9 1,275.9 1,274.4 1,286.7 1,295.8 1,287.7 1,291.1 1,294.4 3.3

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,410.5 1,461.9 1,445.1 1,451.5 1,429.2 1,462.6 1,465.7 1,471.9 6.2

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,915.6 2,938.2 2,920.2 2,930.5 2,938.9 2,950.4 2,955.8 2,954.5 -1.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,413 22,636 22,163 22,621 22,130 22,299 22,316 22,324 8

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,761.0 2,837.0 2,804.0 2,803.0 2,777.0 2,819.0 2,823.0 2,825.0 2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,158.4 2,199.8 2,192.7 2,188.2 2,173.5 2,199.7 2,204.1 2,206.4 2.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.1 637.4 611.3 614.6 603.7 619.1 618.4 618.3 -0.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,210.0 5,190.0 4,993.0 5,225.0 5,084.0 5,085.0 5,089.0 5,086.0 -3.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,547.0 2,524.2 2,330.1 2,560.9 2,407.7 2,414.1 2,415.3 2,412.1 -3.2

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,663.0 2,665.9 2,662.7 2,663.8 2,676.0 2,671.1 2,673.2 2,673.9 0.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,442.0 14,609.0 14,366.0 14,593.0 14,269.0 14,395.0 14,404.0 14,413.0 9.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,178.4 8,246.2 8,052.4 8,266.0 7,886.7 7,944.6 7,951.5 7,956.4 4.9

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,263.8 6,363.2 6,313.8 6,327.1 6,382.3 6,450.0 6,452.2 6,456.7 4.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.2 40.2 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.1 43.7 43.7 44.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 38.9 38.9 39.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.7 40.8 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 39.9 40.0 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.3 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.2 31.1 30.9 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.8 38.7 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 41.6 42.5 42.5 42.0

Information......................................................................... 36.0 36.1 36.4 36.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.4 37.3 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.0 36.1 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 26.0 26.0 25.9

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.9 31.8 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Total private............................................... $25.38 $25.98 $26.03 $26.09 $875.61 $893.71 $895.43 $897.50

Goods-producing....................................... 26.54 27.24 27.30 27.30 1,069.56 1,095.05 1,097.46 1,100.19

Mining and logging.................................. 31.64 32.48 32.89 32.63 1,363.68 1,419.38 1,437.29 1,438.98

Construction.......................................... 27.74 28.40 28.49 28.48 1,087.41 1,104.76 1,108.26 1,113.57

Manufacturing........................................ 25.62 26.33 26.35 26.36 1,042.73 1,071.63 1,075.08 1,075.49

Durable goods.................................... 26.96 27.60 27.60 27.61 1,110.75 1,137.12 1,137.12 1,140.29

Nondurable goods................................ 23.29 24.13 24.22 24.20 929.27 962.79 968.80 968.00

Private service-providing.............................. 25.10 25.68 25.73 25.81 835.83 855.14 854.24 856.89

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.10 22.54 22.62 22.67 762.45 775.38 775.87 775.31

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.10 29.91 29.97 30.08 1,131.99 1,163.50 1,165.83 1,170.11

Retail trade........................................ 17.76 17.97 18.04 18.07 554.11 558.87 557.44 556.56

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.05 23.50 23.55 23.59 896.65 911.80 911.39 912.93

Utilities............................................. 37.73 38.72 39.00 38.50 1,569.57 1,645.60 1,657.50 1,617.00

Information........................................... 36.19 37.45 37.47 37.56 1,302.84 1,351.95 1,363.91 1,363.43

Financial activities................................... 32.01 32.71 32.62 32.77 1,206.78 1,223.35 1,216.73 1,225.60

Professional and business services.............. 30.51 31.23 31.25 31.33 1,101.41 1,124.28 1,128.13 1,127.88

Education and health services..................... 25.56 26.02 26.04 26.11 838.37 856.06 856.72 859.02

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.61 15.12 15.19 15.22 382.78 393.12 394.94 394.20

Other services....................................... 22.83 23.39 23.55 23.61 728.28 746.14 748.89 753.16

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2017 -

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2017 -

Feb.

2017p

Total private..................................... 105.1 106.2 106.4 106.6 0.2 127.5 131.9 132.4 133.0 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 90.7 90.7 90.9 91.6 0.8 108.8 111.6 112.2 113.0 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 96.2 91.7 92.1 94.2 2.3 122.2 119.6 121.7 123.4 1.4

Construction................................ 90.0 91.0 91.5 92.7 1.3 108.5 112.2 113.3 114.8 1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 90.6 90.4 90.7 90.9 0.2 108.0 110.7 111.1 111.4 0.3

Durable goods........................... 89.9 89.4 89.5 89.8 0.3 107.7 109.6 109.7 110.1 0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 92.0 92.3 92.6 93.0 0.4 108.8 113.0 113.8 114.2 0.4

Private service-providing.................... 108.8 110.6 110.4 110.6 0.2 132.7 138.0 138.1 138.7 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.8 102.4 102.2 101.9 -0.3 121.1 124.2 124.5 124.4 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 99.4 99.9 100.0 100.2 0.2 120.7 124.7 125.1 125.8 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 99.9 100.3 99.9 99.4 -0.5 117.3 119.2 119.2 118.8 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 110.1 112.1 111.6 111.8 0.2 128.8 133.7 133.4 133.8 0.3

Utilities.................................... 100.2 102.4 102.3 100.9 -1.4 125.0 131.0 131.8 128.4 -2.6

Information................................. 91.2 91.1 91.7 91.5 -0.2 117.5 121.4 122.4 122.3 -0.1

Financial activities......................... 101.4 102.4 102.6 102.9 0.3 126.6 130.7 130.5 131.6 0.8

Professional and business services..... 113.0 115.6 116.2 116.1 -0.1 139.7 146.3 147.1 147.3 0.1

Education and health services........... 120.0 122.9 123.0 123.3 0.2 147.6 153.8 154.1 154.9 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 115.8 116.8 117.0 116.7 -0.3 136.5 142.5 143.4 143.3 -0.1

Other services............................. 104.2 104.9 104.7 105.2 0.5 130.4 134.4 135.2 136.2 0.7

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Total nonfarm............................................. 70,943 72,066 72,137 72,282 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private............................................ 58,267 59,275 59,335 59,472 48.0 48.2 48.1 48.2

Goods-producing.................................... 4,312 4,348 4,352 4,363 21.8 22.0 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 104 99 99 99 14.6 14.8 14.8 14.6

Construction....................................... 830 853 857 862 12.5 12.6 12.6 12.5

Manufacturing..................................... 3,378 3,396 3,396 3,402 27.3 27.5 27.5 27.5

Durable goods.................................. 1,805 1,809 1,807 1,805 23.3 23.5 23.4 23.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,573 1,587 1,589 1,597 34.0 34.2 34.3 34.3

Private service-providing........................... 53,955 54,927 54,983 55,109 53.1 53.2 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,004 11,084 11,074 11,082 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.4

Wholesale trade................................ 1,728.9 1,744.0 1,745.6 1,753.6 29.5 29.6 29.6 29.7

Retail trade..................................... 7,953.9 7,971.9 7,970.2 7,970.6 50.4 50.2 50.1 50.1

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,188.3 1,239.4 1,229.6 1,229.7 24.0 24.6 24.4 24.4

Utilities........................................... 132.4 129.1 128.8 128.4 23.8 23.2 23.2 23.1

Information......................................... 1,108 1,106 1,102 1,102 40.0 40.0 39.9 39.9

Financial activities................................ 4,682 4,746 4,760 4,766 57.0 56.7 56.7 56.7

Professional and business services............ 8,896 9,160 9,188 9,221 44.7 44.9 44.9 45.0

Education and health services.................. 17,260 17,632 17,646 17,703 77.0 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,044 8,196 8,208 8,223 51.9 52.1 52.1 52.1

Other services..................................... 2,961 3,003 3,005 3,012 52.3 52.7 52.6 52.6

Government............................................. 12,676 12,791 12,802 12,810 57.3 57.4 57.4 57.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Total private............................................................................... 99,989 101,372 101,618 101,831

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,265 14,247 14,312 14,386

Mining and logging.................................................................. 508 468 473 479

Construction.......................................................................... 5,054 5,123 5,166 5,207

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,703 8,656 8,673 8,700

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,338 5,300 5,312 5,320

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,365 3,356 3,361 3,380

Private service-providing.............................................................. 85,724 87,125 87,306 87,445

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,807 23,009 23,037 23,050

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,687.9 4,712.5 4,712.5 4,719.4

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,395.2 13,461.8 13,509.6 13,511.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,278.0 4,387.6 4,368.6 4,372.1

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.9 447.4 446.5 446.9

Information............................................................................ 2,239 2,227 2,224 2,221

Financial activities................................................................... 6,361 6,512 6,537 6,539

Professional and business services............................................... 16,303 16,697 16,751 16,797

Education and health services..................................................... 19,657 20,069 20,098 20,156

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,649 13,886 13,925 13,944

Other services........................................................................ 4,708 4,725 4,734 4,738

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 41.0 41.1 41.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.9 45.5 45.4 45.6

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 39.2 39.3 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.9 41.9 42.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.2 42.3 42.3 42.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.1 41.1 41.3 41.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.8 38.8 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.9 29.8 29.8 29.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.6 38.6 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 41.7 42.9 43.4 42.4

Information......................................................................... 35.6 35.8 35.9 35.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.0 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.2 35.3 35.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.9 24.8 24.9 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.9 30.8 30.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Total private............................................... $21.33 $21.80 $21.82 $21.86 $716.69 $732.48 $733.15 $734.50

Goods-producing....................................... 22.24 22.80 22.83 22.85 914.06 934.80 938.31 943.71

Mining and logging.................................. 26.86 27.36 27.55 27.37 1,206.01 1,244.88 1,250.77 1,248.07

Construction.......................................... 25.41 26.23 26.30 26.27 1,006.24 1,028.22 1,033.59 1,042.92

Manufacturing........................................ 20.20 20.63 20.62 20.65 844.36 864.40 863.98 867.30

Durable goods.................................... 21.28 21.63 21.64 21.65 898.02 914.95 915.37 920.13

Nondurable goods................................ 18.44 19.02 18.96 19.04 757.88 781.72 783.05 788.26

Private service-providing.............................. 21.14 21.59 21.61 21.65 684.94 697.36 700.16 699.30

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.86 19.19 19.20 19.23 633.70 644.78 645.12 646.13

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.96 24.45 24.50 24.62 924.86 948.66 950.60 955.26

Retail trade........................................ 14.98 15.28 15.25 15.26 447.90 455.34 454.45 456.27

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.88 20.91 20.96 21.04 812.23 807.13 809.06 805.83

Utilities............................................. 34.70 35.81 36.02 35.94 1,446.99 1,536.25 1,563.27 1,523.86

Information........................................... 29.77 30.44 30.35 30.37 1,059.81 1,089.75 1,089.57 1,084.21

Financial activities................................... 25.88 26.32 26.28 26.31 957.56 973.84 969.73 970.84

Professional and business services.............. 25.13 25.81 25.78 25.80 889.60 908.51 910.03 908.16

Education and health services..................... 22.39 22.77 22.84 22.89 720.96 733.19 735.45 739.35

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.68 13.04 13.13 13.16 315.73 323.39 326.94 326.37

Other services....................................... 19.21 19.57 19.73 19.81 589.75 604.71 607.68 612.13

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2017 -

Feb.

2017p

Feb.

2016

Dec.

2016

Jan.

2017p

Feb.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2017 -

Feb.

2017p

Total private..................................... 111.9 113.5 113.8 114.0 0.2 159.6 165.3 165.9 166.5 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 89.6 89.3 89.9 90.8 1.0 122.0 124.6 125.7 127.0 1.0

Mining and logging........................ 121.2 113.2 114.1 116.1 1.8 189.3 180.1 182.8 184.8 1.1

Construction................................ 100.2 100.6 101.7 103.5 1.8 137.5 142.4 144.4 146.8 1.7

Manufacturing.............................. 83.5 83.3 83.4 83.9 0.6 110.3 112.3 112.5 113.3 0.7

Durable goods........................... 84.7 84.3 84.4 85.0 0.7 112.5 113.8 114.1 114.9 0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 81.5 81.3 81.8 82.4 0.7 106.2 109.2 109.6 110.9 1.2

Private service-providing.................... 118.3 119.8 120.5 120.3 -0.2 171.5 177.4 178.5 178.6 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.8 107.8 107.9 108.0 0.1 143.7 147.5 147.8 148.1 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 106.6 107.7 107.7 107.8 0.1 150.4 155.1 155.4 156.4 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 101.4 101.5 101.9 102.3 0.4 130.2 133.0 133.2 133.7 0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 125.3 127.5 126.9 126.0 -0.7 165.9 169.1 168.8 168.2 -0.4

Utilities.................................... 95.1 98.2 99.1 96.9 -2.2 137.7 146.7 149.0 145.4 -2.4

Information................................. 91.0 91.0 91.1 90.5 -0.7 134.1 137.1 136.9 136.1 -0.6

Financial activities......................... 110.8 113.4 113.6 113.6 0.0 176.4 183.7 183.6 183.9 0.2

Professional and business services..... 129.3 131.7 132.5 132.5 0.0 193.4 202.3 203.3 203.4 0.0

Education and health services........... 135.0 137.8 138.0 138.8 0.6 199.4 207.1 208.0 209.7 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 124.5 126.1 127.0 126.7 -0.2 179.3 186.8 189.4 189.3 -0.1

Other services............................. 101.4 102.4 102.3 102.7 0.4 141.9 146.0 147.0 148.2 0.8

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.